Sample records for center conductor width

  1. Finite Ground Coplanar (FGC) Waveguide: Characteristics and Advantages Evaluated for Radiofrequency and Wireless Communication Circuits

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ponchak, George E.

    1999-01-01

    Researchers in NASA Lewis Research Center s Electron Device Technology Branch are developing transmission lines for radiofrequency and wireless circuits that are more efficient, smaller, and make lower cost circuits possible. Traditionally, radiofrequency and wireless circuits have employed a microstrip or coplanar waveguide to interconnect the various electrical elements that comprise a circuit. Although a coplanar waveguide (CPW) is widely viewed as better than a microstrip for most applications, it too has problems. To solve these problems, NASA Lewis and the University of Michigan developed a new version of a coplanar waveguide with electrically narrow ground planes. Through extensive numerical modeling and experimental measurements, we have characterized the propagation constant of the FGC waveguide, the lumped and distributed circuit elements integrated in the FGC waveguide, and the coupling between parallel transmission lines. Although the attenuation per unit length is higher for the FGC waveguide because of higher conductor loss, the attenuation is comparable when the ground plane width is twice the center conductor width as shown in the following graph. An upper limit to the line width is derived from observations that when the total line width is greater than ld/2, spurious resonances due to the parallel plate waveguide mode are established. Thus, the ground plane width must be less than ld/4 where ld is the wavelength in the dielectric. Since the center conductor width S is typically less than l/10 to maintain good transverse electromagnetic mode characteristics, it follows that a ground plane width of B = 2S would also be electrically narrow. Thus, we can now treat the ground strips of the FGC waveguide the same way that the center conductor is treated.

  2. Long-Term Adaptations to Unexpected Surface Perturbations: Postural Control During Stance and Gait in Train Conductors.

    PubMed

    Baumgart, Christian; Hoppe, Matthias Wilhelm; Freiwald, Jürgen

    2016-01-01

    The authors aimed to evaluate the differences in postural control during stance and gait between train conductors and controls. Twenty-one train conductors and 21 office workers performed 6 unilateral and bilateral balance tests on stable and unstable surfaces as well as a gait analysis. In the balance tests, the mean velocity of the center of pressure and unstable surface was measured. In the bilateral balance tests the selected stance width was measured. During gait the length, width, frequency, and velocity of the steps were calculated from the ground reaction forces. Train conductors showed a significantly greater step width during gait (15.4 ± 4.7 vs. 13.0 ± 3.4 cm; p = .035) and stance width during the bilateral stance on the unstable surface (21.0 ± 5.1 vs. 17.8 ± 3.7 cm; p = .026) than the office workers, while no differences were revealed in balance variables. The revealed differences between train conductors and office workers may represent task-specific feedforward control strategies, which increase the base of support and may be helpful to resist unexpected perturbations in trains.

  3. Size-Dependent Rupture Strain of Elastically Stretchable Metal Conductors

    PubMed Central

    Graudejus, O.; Jia, Z.; Li, T.; Wagner, S.

    2012-01-01

    Experiments show that the rupture strain of gold conductors on elastomers decreases as the conductors are made long and narrow. Rupture is caused by the irreversible coalescence of microcracks into one long crack. A mechanics model identifies a critical crack length ℓcr, above which the long crack propagates across the entire conductor width. ℓcr depends on the fracture toughness of the gold film and the width of the conductor. The model provides guidance for the design of highly stretchable conductors. PMID:22773917

  4. Characterization of Finite Ground Coplanar Waveguide with Narrow Ground Planes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ponchak, George E.; Tentzeris, Emmanouil M.; Katehi, Linda P. B.

    1997-01-01

    Coplanar waveguide with finite width ground planes is characterized through measurements, conformal mapping, and the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) technique for the purpose of determining the optimum ground plane width. The attenuation and effective permittivity of the lines are related to its geometry. It is found that the characteristics of the Finite Ground Coplanar line (FGC) are not dependent on the ground plane width if it is greater than twice the center conductor width, but less than lambda(sub d)/8. In addition, electromagnetic field plots are presented which show for the first time that electric fields in the plane of the substrate terminate on the outer edge of the ground plane, and that the magnitude of these fields is related to the ground plane width.

  5. Metal-free magnetic conductor substrates for placement-immune antenna assemblies

    DOEpatents

    Eubanks, Travis Wayne; Loui, Hung; McDonald, Jacob Jeremiah

    2015-09-29

    A magnetic conductor substrate produced for mounting to an antenna includes a sheet of dielectric lattice material having a length, a width and a thickness that is less than the length and less than the width. Within the sheet of dielectric lattice material is disposed an array of dielectric elements.

  6. The Seebeck coefficient of superionic conductors

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mahan, G. D.

    2015-01-28

    We present a theory of the anomalous Seebeck coefficient found in the superionic conductor Cu{sub 2}Se. It has a phase transition at T = 400 K where the cations disorder but the anions do not. This disorder gives a temperature-dependent width to the electronic states in the conduction band. This width provides the anomalous Seebeck contribution.

  7. Introduction of pinning centers into Sm1+xBa2Cu3+YO7-d coated conductor by reactive co-evaporation method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kim, Gwan-Tae; Kim, Ho-Sup; Ha, Dong-Woo; Chung, Kook-Chae; Shinde, Kiran

    2018-02-01

    Sm1+xBa2Cu3+yO7-d (SmBCO)-coated conductors containing pinning centers were prepared by a reactive co-evaporation method using the EDDC (Evaporation using Drum in Dual Chamber) deposition system. Superconducting materials based on Sm, Ba, and Cu were evaporated in the evaporation chamber and deposited onto the drum-mounted substrate, while the deposited element reacted with oxygen and resulting in the SmBCO superconducting phase inside the reaction chamber. Tape-type samples (length = 30 cm, width = 4 mm, thickness = 0.1 mm) with the structure of Ag/SmBCO/LMO/MgO/Y2O3/Al2O3/Hastelloy were prepared, where the SmBCO film was spread along the tape length. The critical current was measured using the non-contact Hall-probe method, and the field dependences of the critical current under a high magnetic field were measured. The superconducting properties of the samples under a magnetic field were highly influenced by the composition of the SmBCO film. Furthermore, elemental mapping of the high-Jc SmBCO-coated conductor was measured by transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX). Finally, we confirmed the Sm-related secondary phases take the role of pinning centers.

  8. Easily disassembled electrical connector for high voltage, high frequency connections

    DOEpatents

    Milner, Joseph R.

    1994-01-01

    An easily accessible electrical connector capable of rapid assembly and disassembly wherein a wide metal conductor sheet may be evenly contacted over the entire width of the conductor sheet by opposing surfaces on the connector which provide an even clamping pressure against opposite surfaces of the metal conductor sheet using a single threaded actuating screw.

  9. Easily disassembled electrical connector for high voltage, high frequency connections

    DOEpatents

    Milner, J.R.

    1994-05-10

    An easily accessible electrical connector capable of rapid assembly and disassembly is described wherein a wide metal conductor sheet may be evenly contacted over the entire width of the conductor sheet by opposing surfaces on the connector which provide an even clamping pressure against opposite surfaces of the metal conductor sheet using a single threaded actuating screw. 13 figures.

  10. Extraction of MOS VLSI (Very-Large-Scale-Integrated) Circuit Models Including Critical Interconnect Parasitics.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-09-01

    can be reduced substantially, compared to using numerical methods to model inter - " connect parasitics. Although some accuracy might be lost with...conductor widths and spacings listed in Table 2 1 , have been employed for simulation. In the first set of the simulations, planar dielectric inter ...model, there are no restrictions on the iumber ol diele-iric and conductors. andl the shape of the conductors and the dielectric inter - a.e,, In the

  11. Electro-optic component mounting device

    DOEpatents

    Gruchalla, M.E.

    1994-09-13

    A technique is provided for integrally mounting a device such as an electro-optic device in a transmission line to avoid series resonant effects. A center conductor of the transmission line has an aperture formed therein for receiving the device. The aperture splits the center conductor into two parallel sections on opposite sides of the device. For a waveguide application, the center conductor is surrounded by a conductive ground surface which is spaced apart from the center conductor with a dielectric material. One set of electrodes formed on the surface of the electro-optic device is directly connected to the center conductor and an electrode formed on the surface of the electro-optic device is directly connected to the conductive ground surface. The electrodes formed on the surface of the electro-optic device are formed on curved sections of the surface of the device to mate with correspondingly shaped electrodes on the conductor and ground surface to provide a uniform electric field across the electro-optic device. The center conductor includes a passage formed therein for passage of optical signals to an electro-optic device. 10 figs.

  12. Electro-optic component mounting device

    DOEpatents

    Gruchalla, Michael E.

    1994-01-01

    A technique is provided for integrally mounting a device such as an electro-optic device (50) in a transmission line to avoid series resonant effects. A center conductor (52) of the transmission line has an aperture (58) formed therein for receiving the device (50). The aperture (58) splits the center conductor into two parallel sections on opposite sides of the device. For a waveguide application, the center conductor is surrounded by a conductive ground surface (54), which is spaced apart from the center conductor with a dielectric material (56). One set of electrodes formed on the surface of the electro-optic device (50) is directly connected to the center conductor 52 and an electrode formed on the surface of the electro-optic device is directly connected to the conductive ground surface (54). The electrodes formed on the surface of the electro-optic device are formed on curved sections of the surface of the device to mate with correspondingly shaped electrodes on the conductor and ground surface to provide a uniform electric field across the electro-optic device. The center conductor includes a passage ( 60) formed therein for passage of optical signals to an electro-optic device.

  13. A three-mode microstrip resonator and a miniature ultra-wideband filter based on it

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Belyaev, B. A.; Khodenkov, S. A.; Leksikov, An. A.; Shabanov, V. F.

    2017-06-01

    An original microstrip resonator design with a strip conductor split by a slot at one of its ends is investigated. It is demonstrated that at the optimal slot sizes, when the eigenfrequency of the second oscillation mode hits the center between the first and third oscillation modes, the resonator can work as a thirdorder bandpass filter. The structure formed from only two such resonators electromagnetically coupled by split conductor sections is a miniature six-order wideband filter with high selectivity. The test prototype of the filter with a central passband frequency of 1.2 GHz and a passband width of 0.75 GHz fabricated on a substrate (45 × 11 × 1) mm3 in size with a permittivity of 80 is characterized by minimum loss in a passband of 0.5 dB. The parametric synthesis of the filter structure was performed using electrodynamic analysis of the 3D model. The measured characteristics of the test prototype agree well with the calculated data.

  14. Flux-pinning-induced interfacial shearing and transverse normal stress in a superconducting coated conductor long strip

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jing, Ze; Yong, Huadong; Zhou, Youhe

    2012-08-01

    In this paper, a theoretical model is proposed to analyze the transverse normal stress and interfacial shearing stress induced by the electromagnetic force in the superconducting coated conductor. The plane strain approach is used and a singular integral equation is derived. By assuming that the critical current density is magnetic field independent and the superconducting film is infinitely thin, the interfacial shearing stress and normal stress in the film are evaluated for the coated conductor during the increasing and decreasing in the transport current, respectively. The calculation results are discussed and compared for the conductor with different substrate and geometry. The results indicate that the coated conductor with stiffer substrate and larger width experiences larger interfacial shearing stress and less normal stress in the film.

  15. Rf capacitively-coupled electrodeless light source

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Manos, Dennis M.; Diggs, Jessie; Ametepe, Joseph D.

    2000-01-01

    An rf capacitively-coupled electrodeless light source is provided. The light source comprises a hollow, elongated chamber and at least one center conductor disposed within the hollow, elongated chamber. A portion of each center conductor extends beyond the hollow, elongated chamber. At least one gas capable of forming an electronically excited molecular state is contained within each center conductor. An electrical coupler is positioned concentric to the hollow, elongated chamber and the electrical coupler surrounds the portion of each center conductor that extends beyond the hollow, elongated chamber. A rf-power supply is positioned in an operable relationship to the electrical couplermore » and an impedance matching network is positioned in an operable relationship to the rf power supply and the electrical coupler.« less

  16. The dynamic resistance of YBCO coated conductor wire: effect of DC current magnitude and applied field orientation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jiang, Zhenan; Zhou, Wei; Li, Quan; Yao, Min; Fang, Jin; Amemiya, Naoyuki; Bumby, Chris W.

    2018-07-01

    Dynamic resistance, which occurs when a HTS coated conductor carries a DC current under an AC magnetic field, can have critical implications for the design of HTS machines. Here, we report measurements of dynamic resistance in a commercially available SuperPower 4 mm-wide YBCO coated conductor, carrying a DC current under an applied AC magnetic field of arbitrary orientation. The reduced DC current, I t/I c0, ranged from 0.01 to 0.9, where I t is the DC current level and I c0 is the self-field critical current of the conductor. The field angle (the angle between the magnetic field and the normal vector of the conductor wide-face) was varied between 0° and 90° at intervals of 10°. We show that the effective width of the conductor under study is ˜12% less than the physical wire width, and we attribute this difference to edge damage of the wire during or after manufacture. We then examine the measured dynamic resistance of this wire under perpendicular applied fields at very low DC current levels. In this regime we find that the threshold field, B th, of the conductor is well described by the nonlinear equation of Mikitik and Brandt. However, this model consistently underestimates the threshold field at higher current levels. As such, the dynamic resistance in a coated conductor under perpendicular magnetic fields is best described using two different equations for each of the low and high DC current regimes, respectively. At low DC currents where I t/I c0 ≤ 0.1, the nonlinear relationship of Mikitik and Brandt provides the closest agreement with experimental data. However, in the higher current regime where I t/I c0 ≥ 0.2, closer agreement is obtained using a simple linear expression which assumes a current-independent penetration field. We further show that for the conductor studied here, the measured dynamic resistance at different field angles is dominated by the perpendicular magnetic field component, with negligible contribution from the parallel component. Our findings now enable the dynamic resistance of a single conductor to be analytically determined for a very wide range of DC currents and at all applied field angles.

  17. A device for testing cables

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hayhurst, Arthur Ray (Inventor)

    1993-01-01

    A device for testing current paths is attachable to a conductor. The device automatically checks the current paths of the conductor for continuity of a center conductor, continuity of a shield, and a short circuit between the shield and the center conductor. The device includes a pair of connectors and a circuit to provide for testing of the conductive paths of a cable to be tested with the circuit paths of the circuit. The circuit paths in the circuit include indicators to simultaneously indicate the results of the testing.

  18. High pressure, high current, low inductance, high reliability sealed terminals

    DOEpatents

    Hsu, John S [Oak Ridge, TN; McKeever, John W [Oak Ridge, TN

    2010-03-23

    The invention is a terminal assembly having a casing with at least one delivery tapered-cone conductor and at least one return tapered-cone conductor routed there-through. The delivery and return tapered-cone conductors are electrically isolated from each other and positioned in the annuluses of ordered concentric cones at an off-normal angle. The tapered cone conductor service can be AC phase conductors and DC link conductors. The center core has at least one service conduit of gate signal leads, diagnostic signal wires, and refrigerant tubing routed there-through. A seal material is in direct contact with the casing inner surface, the tapered-cone conductors, and the service conduits thereby hermetically filling the interstitial space in the casing interior core and center core. The assembly provides simultaneous high-current, high-pressure, low-inductance, and high-reliability service.

  19. Center conductor diagnostic for multipactor detection in inaccessible geometries

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chaplin, Vernon H.; Hubble, Aimee A.; Clements, Kathryn A.; Graves, Timothy P.

    2017-01-01

    Electron collecting current probes are the most reliable diagnostic of multipactor and radiofrequency (RF) ionization breakdown; however, stand-alone probes can only be used in test setups where the breakdown region is physically accessible. This paper describes techniques for measuring multipactor current directly on the center conductor of a coaxial RF device (or more generally, on the signal line in any two-conductor RF system) enabling global multipactor detection with improved sensitivity compared to other common diagnostics such as phase null, third harmonic, and reflected power. The center conductor diagnostic may be AC coupled for use in systems with a low DC impedance between the center conductor and ground. The effect of DC bias on the breakdown threshold was studied: in coaxial geometry, the change in threshold was <1 dB for positive biases satisfying VD C/VR F 0 <0.8 , where VRF0 is the RF voltage amplitude at the unperturbed breakdown threshold. In parallel plate geometry, setting VD C/VR F 0 <0.2 was necessary to avoid altering the threshold by more than 1 dB. In most cases, the center conductor diagnostic functions effectively with no bias at all—this is the preferred implementation, but biases in the range VD C=0 -10 V may be applied if necessary. The polarity of the detected current signal may be positive or negative depending on whether there is net electron collection or emission globally.

  20. Center conductor diagnostic for multipactor detection in inaccessible geometries.

    PubMed

    Chaplin, Vernon H; Hubble, Aimee A; Clements, Kathryn A; Graves, Timothy P

    2017-01-01

    Electron collecting current probes are the most reliable diagnostic of multipactor and radiofrequency (RF) ionization breakdown; however, stand-alone probes can only be used in test setups where the breakdown region is physically accessible. This paper describes techniques for measuring multipactor current directly on the center conductor of a coaxial RF device (or more generally, on the signal line in any two-conductor RF system) enabling global multipactor detection with improved sensitivity compared to other common diagnostics such as phase null, third harmonic, and reflected power. The center conductor diagnostic may be AC coupled for use in systems with a low DC impedance between the center conductor and ground. The effect of DC bias on the breakdown threshold was studied: in coaxial geometry, the change in threshold was <1 dB for positive biases satisfying V DC /V RF0 <0.8, where V RF0 is the RF voltage amplitude at the unperturbed breakdown threshold. In parallel plate geometry, setting V DC /V RF0 <0.2 was necessary to avoid altering the threshold by more than 1 dB. In most cases, the center conductor diagnostic functions effectively with no bias at all-this is the preferred implementation, but biases in the range V DC =0-10V may be applied if necessary. The polarity of the detected current signal may be positive or negative depending on whether there is net electron collection or emission globally.

  1. 29 CFR 1910.305 - Wiring methods, components, and equipment for general use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... distribution center. (B) Conductors shall be run as multiconductor cord or cable assemblies. However, if... persons, feeders may be run as single insulated conductors. (v) The following requirements apply to branch... shall be multiconductor cord or cable assemblies or open conductors. If run as open conductors, they...

  2. 29 CFR 1910.305 - Wiring methods, components, and equipment for general use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... distribution center. (B) Conductors shall be run as multiconductor cord or cable assemblies. However, if... persons, feeders may be run as single insulated conductors. (v) The following requirements apply to branch... shall be multiconductor cord or cable assemblies or open conductors. If run as open conductors, they...

  3. 29 CFR 1910.305 - Wiring methods, components, and equipment for general use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... distribution center. (B) Conductors shall be run as multiconductor cord or cable assemblies. However, if... persons, feeders may be run as single insulated conductors. (v) The following requirements apply to branch... shall be multiconductor cord or cable assemblies or open conductors. If run as open conductors, they...

  4. 29 CFR 1910.305 - Wiring methods, components, and equipment for general use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... distribution center. (B) Conductors shall be run as multiconductor cord or cable assemblies. However, if... persons, feeders may be run as single insulated conductors. (v) The following requirements apply to branch... shall be multiconductor cord or cable assemblies or open conductors. If run as open conductors, they...

  5. 29 CFR 1910.305 - Wiring methods, components, and equipment for general use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... distribution center. (B) Conductors shall be run as multiconductor cord or cable assemblies. However, if... persons, feeders may be run as single insulated conductors. (v) The following requirements apply to branch... shall be multiconductor cord or cable assemblies or open conductors. If run as open conductors, they...

  6. Relative stiffness of flat conductor cables

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hankins, J. D.

    1976-01-01

    The measurement of the bending moment required to obtain a given deflection in short lengths of flat conductor cable (FCC) is presented in this report. Experimental data were taken on 10 different samples of FCC and normalized to express all bending moments (relative stiffness factor) in terms of a cable 5.1 cm (2.0 in.) in width. Data are presented in tabular and graphical form for the covenience of designers who may be interested in finding torques exerted on critical components by short lengths of FCC.

  7. Experimental study to improve the focalization of a figure-eight coil of rTMS by using a highly conductive and highly permeable medium.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Shunqi; Yin, Tao; Liu, Zhipeng; Li, Ying; Jin, Jingna; Ma, Ren

    2013-05-01

    A method to improve the focalization of the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation figure-eight coil in a magnetic stimulation is presented in this paper. For the purpose of reducing the half width of the distribution curve, while improving the ratio of positive to negative electric field, a shield plate with a window and a magnetic conductor were adopted. The shield plate, which was made of highly conductive copper, focused the magnetic field into a smaller area. The magnetic inductor, which was made of highly permeable soft magnetic ferrite, strengthened the magnetic field. A group of experiments was conducted to validate the focalizing effect. Experimental results showed that the negative peak and the half width of the distribution curve reduced by using the shield plate and the magnetic conductor. Especially for to the Magstim 70 mm double coil, when the shield window was 30 × 60 mm, the ratio of positive to negative electric field could be increased 109%, while the half width of the distribution curve could be reduced about 55%.

  8. High-voltage R-F feedthrough bushing

    DOEpatents

    Grotz, G.F.

    1982-09-03

    Described is a multi-element, high voltage radio frequency bushing for transmitting rf energy to an antenna located in a vacuum container. The bushing includes a center conductor of complex geometrical shape, an outer coaxial shield conductor, and a thin-walled hollow truncated cone insulator disposed between central and outer conductors. The shape of the center conductor, which includes a reverse curvature portion formed of a radially inwardly directed shoulder and a convex portion, controls the uniformity of the axial surface gradient on the insulator cone. The outer shield has a first substantially cylindrical portion and a second radially inwardly extending truncated cone portion.

  9. High voltage RF feedthrough bushing

    DOEpatents

    Grotz, Glenn F.

    1984-01-01

    Described is a multi-element, high voltage radio frequency bushing for trmitting RF energy to an antenna located in a vacuum container. The bushing includes a center conductor of complex geometrical shape, an outer coaxial shield conductor, and a thin-walled hollow truncated cone insulator disposed between central and outer conductors. The shape of the center conductor, which includes a reverse curvature portion formed of a radially inwardly directed shoulder and a convex portion, controls the uniformity of the axial surface gradient on the insulator cone. The outer shield has a first substantially cylindrical portion and a second radially inwardly extending truncated cone portion.

  10. Development of thin semi-rigid coaxial cables as low-pass filter using bilayer structure in center conductors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kushino, Akihiro; Yamamoto, Yusei; Okuyama, Tetsuya; Kasai, Soichi

    We have developed and evaluated thin semi-rigid coaxial cables as the noise filter for readout in low temperature experiments. The cables reported have 0.86 mm outer diameters consisting of seamless outer conductor, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) dielectric, and center conductor made of superconducting niobium-titanium (NbTi). Each center conductor has surficial cladding made of normal conductor in different thickness. We had reported that we can adjust attenuation magnitude and cut-off frequency of the semi-rigid cable in the range about 100 500 MHz by controlling cable length and/or thickness of cladding. We newly manufactured this type of low-pass filter cables using stainless-steel (SUS304) as the material for cladding which has higher electrical resistivity than that of cupro-nickel (CuNi). It enables high filtering efficiency, i.e. large attenuation at the same frequency, compared to those made of conventional CuNi-based low-pass-filter cables.

  11. Dispersion-free radial transmission lines

    DOEpatents

    Caporaso, George J [Livermore, CA; Nelson, Scott D [Patterson, CA

    2011-04-12

    A dispersion-free radial transmission line ("DFRTL") preferably for linear accelerators, having two plane conductors each with a central hole, and an electromagnetically permeable material ("EPM") between the two conductors and surrounding a channel connecting the two holes. At least one of the material parameters of relative magnetic permeability, relative dielectric permittivity, and axial width of the EPM is varied as a function of radius, so that the characteristic impedance of the DFRTL is held substantially constant, and pulse transmission therethrough is substantially dispersion-free. Preferably, the EPM is divided into concentric radial sections, with the varied material parameters held constant in each respective section but stepwise varied between sections as a step function of the radius. The radial widths of the concentric sections are selected so that pulse traversal time across each section is the same, and the varied material parameters of the concentric sections are selected to minimize traversal error.

  12. Device for testing continuity and/or short circuits in a cable

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hayhurst, Arthur R. (Inventor)

    1995-01-01

    A device for testing current paths is attachable to a conductor. The device automatically checks the current paths of the conductor for continuity of a center conductor, continuity of a shield and a short circuit between the shield and the center conductor. The device includes a pair of connectors and a circuit to provide for testing of the conductive paths of the cable. The pair of connectors electrically connects the conductive paths of a cable to be tested with the circuit paths of the circuit. The circuit paths in the circuit include indicators to simultaneously indicate the results of the testing.

  13. Don't Watch Me!: Avoiding Podium-Centered Rehearsals

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Graulty, John P.

    2010-01-01

    Conductors play a significant role in creating a podium-centered atmosphere by encouraging ensemble members to become overly reliant on them. Due in part to well-developed egos, a lack of confidence in the ability of the ensemble members who actually make the music, or simple naivete, many conductors insist on placing themselves at the center of…

  14. Plasma Generator Using Spiral Conductors

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Szatkowski, George N. (Inventor); Dudley, Kenneth L. (Inventor); Ticatch, Larry A. (Inventor); Smith, Laura J. (Inventor); Koppen, Sandra V. (Inventor); Nguyen, Truong X. (Inventor); Ely, Jay J. (Inventor)

    2016-01-01

    A plasma generator includes a pair of identical spiraled electrical conductors separated by dielectric material. Both spiraled conductors have inductance and capacitance wherein, in the presence of a time-varying electromagnetic field, the spiraled conductors resonate to generate a harmonic electromagnetic field response. The spiraled conductors lie in parallel planes and partially overlap one another in a direction perpendicular to the parallel planes. The geometric centers of the spiraled conductors define endpoints of a line that is non-perpendicular with respect to the parallel planes. A voltage source coupled across the spiraled conductors applies a voltage sufficient to generate a plasma in at least a portion of the dielectric material.

  15. Cable for prospecting

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lebouc, L.; Marmignon, J.

    1983-03-29

    A cable for prospecting, said cable including a core of conductor wires surrounded by insulating material and by armour formed by at least one layer of helically wound steel wires. It includes, from its center to its periphery, inside the armour, an axial monofilament made of a polymer that withstands high temperatures, said monofilament forming the insulation of an inner conductor, an outer conductor and a sheath made of a thermoplastic substance that withstands high temperatures, said inner conductor serving a different electrical function than said core of conductor wires.

  16. Thermal short improves sensitivity of cryogenically cooled maser

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Clauss, R. C.

    1968-01-01

    In-line, quarter-wave thermal short cools the center conductor of the signal-input coaxial transmission line to a cryogenically cooled traveling wave maser. It reduces both the thermal noise contribution of the coaxial line and the heat leak through the center conductor to the maser at 4.4 degrees K.

  17. CORE SATURATION BLOCKING OSCILLATOR

    DOEpatents

    Spinrad, R.J.

    1961-10-17

    A blocking oscillator which relies on core saturation regulation to control the output pulse width is described. In this arrangement an external magnetic loop is provided in which a saturable portion forms the core of a feedback transformer used with the thermionic or semi-conductor active element. A first stationary magnetic loop establishes a level of flux through the saturation portion of the loop. A second adjustable magnet moves the flux level to select a saturation point giving the desired output pulse width. (AEC)

  18. Influence of field penetration ratios and filamentation on end-effect related hysteretic loss reductions for superconducting strips

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dong, K.; Sumption, M.; Collings, E. W.; Majoros, M.; Yu, H.; Hu, M.

    2017-12-01

    There are a few key conductor-specific factors which influence the power loss of superconductors; these include critical current, geometry, and normal metal resistivity. This paper focuses on the influence of sample geometry on the power loss of superconducting strips and the effect of filamentation and sample length as a function of the field penetration state of the superconductor. We start with the analytical equations for infinite slabs and strips and then consider the influence of end effects for both unstriated and striated conductor. The loss is then calculated and compared as a function of applied field for striated and unstriated conductors. These results are much more general than they might seem at first glance, since they will be important building blocks for analytic loss calculations for twisted geometries for coated conductors, including helical (Conductor on Round Core, CORC), and twisted (e.g., twist stack cables) geometries. We show that for relatively low field penetration, end effects and reduced field penetration both reduce loss. In addition, for filamentary samples the relevant ratio of length scales becomes the filament width to sample length, thus modifying the loss ratios.

  19. Hermetic aluminum radio frequency interconnection and method for making

    DOEpatents

    Kilgo, Riley D.; Kovacic, Larry; Brow, Richard K.

    2000-01-01

    The present invention provides a light-weight, hermetic coaxial radio-frequency (RF) interconnection having an electrically conductive outer housing made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, a central electrical conductor made of ferrous or non-ferrous material, and a cylinder of dielectric material comprising a low-melting-temperature, high-thermal-expansion aluminophosphate glass composition for hermetically sealing between the aluminum-alloy outer housing and the ferrous or non-ferrous center conductor. The entire RF interconnection assembly is made permanently hermetic by thermally fusing the center conductor, glass, and housing concurrently by bringing the glass to the melt point by way of exposure to an atmospheric temperature sufficient to melt the glass, less than 540.degree. C., but that does not melt the center conductor or the outer aluminum or aluminum alloy housing. The composition of the glass used is controlled to provide a suitable low dielectric constant so that an appropriate electrical characteristic impedance, for example 50 ohms, can be achieved for an electrical interconnection that performs well at high radio frequencies and also provides an interconnection maintaining a relatively small physical size.

  20. Kennedy Center Salute To Apollo

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2009-07-17

    Conductor Emil de Cou and The U.S. Army Chorus and Alumni sing while Gene Kranz, retired NASA Flight Director and manager, acts as guest conductor of the National Symphony Orchestra, during the "Salute to Apollo" ceremony at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Saturday, July 18, 2009 in Washington. The event was part of NASA's week long celebration of the Apollo 40th Anniversary. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  1. 30 CFR 75.822 - Underground high-voltage longwall cables.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... be a type SHD cable with a center ground-check conductor no smaller than a No. 16 AWG stranded conductor. The cables must be MSHA accepted as flame-resistant under part 18 or approved under subpart K of...

  2. 30 CFR 75.822 - Underground high-voltage longwall cables.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... be a type SHD cable with a center ground-check conductor no smaller than a No. 16 AWG stranded conductor. The cables must be MSHA accepted as flame-resistant under part 18 or approved under subpart K of...

  3. Depletion region effect of highly efficient hole conductor free CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells.

    PubMed

    Aharon, Sigalit; Gamliel, Shany; El Cohen, Bat; Etgar, Lioz

    2014-06-14

    The inorganic-organic perovskite is currently attracting a lot of attention due to its use as a light harvester in solar cells. The large absorption coefficients, high carrier mobility and good stability of organo-lead halide perovskites present good potential for their use as light harvesters in mesoscopic heterojunction solar cells. This work concentrated on a unique property of the lead halide perovskite, its function simultaneously as a light harvester and a hole conductor in the solar cell. A two-step deposition technique was used to optimize the perovskite deposition and to enhance the solar cell efficiency. It was revealed that the photovoltaic performance of the hole conductor free perovskite solar cell is strongly dependent on the depletion layer width which was created at the TiO2-CH3NH3PbI3 junction. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that there were no changes in the crystallographic structure of the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite over time, which supports the high stability of these hole conductor free perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, the power conversion efficiency of the best cells reached 10.85% with a fill factor of 68%, a Voc of 0.84 V, and a Jsc of 19 mA cm(-2), the highest efficiency to date of a hole conductor free perovskite solar cell.

  4. 4. "TEST CONDUCTORS PANEL AT TEST STAND 1A, DIRECTORATE OF ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    4. "TEST CONDUCTORS PANEL AT TEST STAND 1-A, DIRECTORATE OF MISSILE CAPTIVE TEST, EDWARDS AFB, 15 JAN 58, 3098.58." A photograph of the control room, with seven men watching monitors and instrument panels. Photo no. "3098 58; G-AFFTC 15 JAN 58; Test Conductors Panel T.S. 1-A". - Edwards Air Force Base, Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory, Control Center, Test Area 1-115, near Altair & Saturn Boulevards, Boron, Kern County, CA

  5. Plug-in connector socket accepts coaxial cable end

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mitchell, D.; Van Loon, J.

    1966-01-01

    Connector which includes a spring-loaded contact to receive a protruding center conductor and an internal collet to clamp against a collar attached to a woven outer conductor, is used as a receptacle for the end of a coaxial cable. This plug-in connector socket is used successfully with remote manipulators.

  6. Development of Long REBCO with BMO Coated Conductors by PLD Method with High Production Rate

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ibi, A.; Yoshida, T.; Taneda, T.; Yoshizumi, M.; Izumi, T.; Shiohara, Y.

    We have been developing long REBa2Cu3O7-δ (RE: Y, Gd and Eu etc.) with BaMO3 (M: Zr, Sn and Hf etc.) coated conductors by the combination of the ion-beam assisted deposition (IBAD) and the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) methods. REBa2Cu3O7-δ with BaMO3 coated conductors showed high in-field performance, therefore, these coated conductors could be expected for the industrial and commercial applications at high temperatures in magnetic fields. However, to realize the low production cost for long REBa2Cu3O7-δ with BaMO3 coated conductors, improvement of the production rate of the REBa2Cu3O7-δ layers containing BaMO3 rods with maintaining high superconducting properties is required. To solve these problems, we have tried deposition of the REBa2Cu3O7-δ layers with high superconducting properties by the PLD method with high production rate. As a result, we have successfully fabricated EuBa2Cu3O7-δ layers containing BaHfO3 rods with high in-field Jc and Ic by the PLD method with high production rate. This EuBa2Cu3O7-δ with BaHfO3 coated conductor exhibit a high Ic value of 412 and 48.7 A/cm-width at 77 K in self-field and 3 T, respectively at the deposition rate of about 40 μm/h and the production rate of 10 m/h for a 1.35 μm EuBCO layer thick.

  7. Capacitance of the Double Layer Formed at the Metal/Ionic-Conductor Interface: How Large Can It Be?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Skinner, Brian; Loth, M. S.; Shklovskii, B. I.

    2010-03-01

    The capacitance of the double layer formed at a metal/ionic-conductor interface can be remarkably large, so that the apparent width of the double layer is as small as 0.3 Å. Mean-field theories fail to explain such large capacitance. We propose an alternate theory of the ionic double layer which allows for the binding of discrete ions to their image charges in the metal. We show that at small voltages the capacitance of the double layer is limited only by the weak dipole-dipole repulsion between bound ions, and is therefore very large. At large voltages the depletion of bound ions from one of the capacitor electrodes triggers a collapse of the capacitance to the mean-field value.

  8. Ac-loss measurement of a DyBCO-Roebel assembled coated conductor cable (RACC)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Schuller, S.; Goldacker, W.; Kling, A.; Krempasky, L.; Schmidt, C.

    2007-10-01

    Low ac-loss HTS cables for transport currents well above 1 kA are required for application in transformers and generators and are taken into consideration for future generations of fusion reactor coils. Coated conductors (CC) are suitable candidates for high field application at an operation temperature around 50-77 K, which is a crucial precondition for economical cooling costs. We prepared a short length of a Roebel bar cable made of industrial DyBCO coated conductor (Theva Company, Germany). Meander shaped tapes of 4 mm width with a twist pitch of 122 mm were cut from 10 mm wide CC tapes using a specially designed tool. Eleven of these strands were assembled to a cable. The electrical and mechanical connection of the tapes was achieved using a silver powder filled conductive epoxy resin. Ac-losses of a short sample in an external ac field were measured as a function of frequency and field amplitude in transverse and parallel field orientations. In addition, the coupling current time constant of the sample was directly measured.

  9. Approaches in controllable generation of artificial pinning center in REBa2Cu3O y -coated conductor for high-flux pinning

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yoshida, Y.; Miura, S.; Tsuchiya, Y.; Ichino, Y.; Awaji, S.; Matsumoto, K.; Ichinose, A.

    2017-10-01

    This paper reviews the progress of studies to determine optimum shapes of the artificial pinning center (APC) of REBa2Cu3O y thin films and coated conductors towards superconducting magnets operating at temperatures of 77 K or less. Superconducting properties vary depending on the kind and quantity of BaMO3 materials. Therefore, we study changes in the shapes of nanorods that are due to the difference in the quality of additives and growth temperature. In addition, we aim to control the APC using an optimum shape that matches the operating temperature. In particular, we describe the shape control of nanorods in SmBCO thin films and coated conductors by employing lower temperature growth (LTG) technology using seed layers. From the cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy observations, we confirmed that using the LTG method, the BaHfO3 (BHO) nanorods, which were comparatively thin and short in length, formed a firework structure in the case of SmBCO films with coated conductors. The superconducting properties in the magnetic field of the SmBCO-coated conductor with the optimum amount of BHO showed that {F}{{p}}\\max = 1.6 TN m-3 on a single crystalline substrate and 1.5 TN m-3 on metallic substrate with a biaxially textured MgO layer fabricated by ion-beam assisted deposition method tape 4.2 K.

  10. Apparatus for improving performance of electrical insulating structures

    DOEpatents

    Wilson, Michael J.; Goerz, David A.

    2004-08-31

    Removing the electrical field from the internal volume of high-voltage structures; e.g., bushings, connectors, capacitors, and cables. The electrical field is removed from inherently weak regions of the interconnect, such as between the center conductor and the solid dielectric, and places it in the primary insulation. This is accomplished by providing a conductive surface on the inside surface of the principal solid dielectric insulator surrounding the center conductor and connects the center conductor to this conductive surface. The advantage of removing the electric fields from the weaker dielectric region to a stronger area improves reliability, increases component life and operating levels, reduces noise and losses, and allows for a smaller compact design. This electric field control approach is currently possible on many existing products at a modest cost. Several techniques are available to provide the level of electric field control needed. Choosing the optimum technique depends on material, size, and surface accessibility. The simplest deposition method uses a standard electroless plating technique, but other metalization techniques include vapor and energetic deposition, plasma spraying, conductive painting, and other controlled coating methods.

  11. Apparatus for improving performance of electrical insulating structures

    DOEpatents

    Wilson, Michael J.; Goerz, David A.

    2002-01-01

    Removing the electrical field from the internal volume of high-voltage structures; e.g., bushings, connectors, capacitors, and cables. The electrical field is removed from inherently weak regions of the interconnect, such as between the center conductor and the solid dielectric, and places it in the primary insulation. This is accomplished by providing a conductive surface on the inside surface of the principal solid dielectric insulator surrounding the center conductor and connects the center conductor to this conductive surface. The advantage of removing the electric fields from the weaker dielectric region to a stronger area improves reliability, increases component life and operating levels, reduces noise and losses, and allows for a smaller compact design. This electric field control approach is currently possible on many existing products at a modest cost. Several techniques are available to provide the level of electric field control needed. Choosing the optimum technique depends on material, size, and surface accessibility. The simplest deposition method uses a standard electroless plating technique, but other metalization techniques include vapor and energetic deposition, plasma spraying, conductive painting, and other controlled coating methods.

  12. Method for improving performance of highly stressed electrical insulating structures

    DOEpatents

    Wilson, Michael J.; Goerz, David A.

    2002-01-01

    Removing the electrical field from the internal volume of high-voltage structures; e.g., bushings, connectors, capacitors, and cables. The electrical field is removed from inherently weak regions of the interconnect, such as between the center conductor and the solid dielectric, and places it in the primary insulation. This is accomplished by providing a conductive surface on the inside surface of the principal solid dielectric insulator surrounding the center conductor and connects the center conductor to this conductive surface. The advantage of removing the electric fields from the weaker dielectric region to a stronger area improves reliability, increases component life and operating levels, reduces noise and losses, and allows for a smaller compact design. This electric field control approach is currently possible on many existing products at a modest cost. Several techniques are available to provide the level of electric field control needed. Choosing the optimum technique depends on material, size, and surface accessibility. The simplest deposition method uses a standard electroless plating technique, but other metalization techniques include vapor and energetic deposition, plasma spraying, conductive painting, and other controlled coating methods.

  13. Upgrades to the NSTX HHFW antenna

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ellis, R.; Brunkhorst, C.; Hosea, J.

    2014-02-01

    The High Harmonic Fast Wave (HHFW) antenna for the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) at PPPL will be upgraded as part of the NSTX upgrade project. Higher magnetic fields and plasma current result in disruption forces on the current straps that can be up to four times the original design values. The current straps on the HHFW antenna are presently fed by coaxial feedthroughs with rigid center conductors. The additional forces on the current straps require a compliant section in the center conductor in order to minimize the forces on the feedthrough. The design of this compliant section has been an integrated effort involving electrostatic calculations in parallel with mechanical and thermal analyses, in order to arrive at a design that is optimized for mechanical, thermal and electrical considerations. The voltage standoff obtained from this design will be verified when a prototype antenna is evaluated on our RF test stand. This paper describes the design of the compliant section of the center conductor, mechanical, thermal and electrostatic calculations, and plans for full implementation of the upgrade on NSTX.

  14. Air and Space Museum Apollo 40th Celebration

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2009-07-19

    National Symphony Orchestra Conductor Emil de Cou, left, presents a ceremonial baton to retired NASA Flight Director and manager Gene Kranz at the Apollo 40th anniversary celebration held at the National Air and Space Museum, Monday, July 20, 2009 in Washington. Kranz was a guest conductor the night before at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  15. Characterization of the ITER CS conductor and projection to the ITER CS performance

    DOE PAGES

    Martovetsky, N.; Isono, T.; Bessette, D.; ...

    2017-06-20

    The ITER Central Solenoid (CS) is one of the critical elements of the machine. The CS conductor went through an intense optimization and qualification program, which included characterization of the strands, a conductor straight short sample testing in the SULTAN facility at the Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Villigen, Switzerland, and a single-layer CS Insert coil recently tested in the Central Solenoid Model Coil (CSMC) facility in QST-Naka, Japan. In this paper, we obtained valuable data in a wide range of the parameters (current, magnetic field, temperature, and strain), which allowed a credible characterization of the CS conductor in different conditions.more » Finally, using this characterization, we will make a projection to the performance of the CS in the ITER reference scenario.« less

  16. Characterization of the ITER CS conductor and projection to the ITER CS performance

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Martovetsky, N.; Isono, T.; Bessette, D.

    The ITER Central Solenoid (CS) is one of the critical elements of the machine. The CS conductor went through an intense optimization and qualification program, which included characterization of the strands, a conductor straight short sample testing in the SULTAN facility at the Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Villigen, Switzerland, and a single-layer CS Insert coil recently tested in the Central Solenoid Model Coil (CSMC) facility in QST-Naka, Japan. In this paper, we obtained valuable data in a wide range of the parameters (current, magnetic field, temperature, and strain), which allowed a credible characterization of the CS conductor in different conditions.more » Finally, using this characterization, we will make a projection to the performance of the CS in the ITER reference scenario.« less

  17. RF current sensor

    DOEpatents

    Moore, James A.; Sparks, Dennis O.

    1998-11-10

    An RF sensor having a novel current sensing probe and a voltage sensing probe to measure voltage and current. The current sensor is disposed in a transmission line to link all of the flux generated by the flowing current in order to obtain an accurate measurement. The voltage sensor is a flat plate which operates as a capacitive plate to sense voltage on a center conductor of the transmission line, in which the measured voltage is obtained across a resistance leg of a R-C differentiator circuit formed by the characteristic impedance of a connecting transmission line and a capacitance of the plate, which is positioned proximal to the center conductor.

  18. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Stovall, J.P.; RIzy, D.T.; Kisner, R.A.

    The 3M Company has developed a high-temperature low-sag conductor referred to as Aluminum- Conductor Composite-Reinforced or ACCR. The conductor uses an aluminum metal matrix material to replace the steel in conventional conductors so the core has a lower density and higher conductivity. The objective of this work is to accelerate the commercial acceptance by electric utilities of these new conductor designs by testing four representative conductor classes in controlled conditions. Overhead transmission lines use bare aluminum conductor strands wrapped around a steel core strands to transmit electricity. The typical cable is referred to as aluminum-conductor steel-reinforced (ACSR). The outer strandsmore » are aluminum, chosen for its conductivity, low weight, and low cost. The center strand is of steel for the strength required to support the weight without stretching the aluminum due to its ductility. The power density of a transmission corridor has been directly increased by increasing the voltage level. Transmission voltages have increased from 115-kV to 765- kV over the past 80 years. In the United States, further increasing the voltage level is not feasible at this point in time, so in order to further increase the power density of a transmission corridor, conductor designs that increase the current carrying capability have been examined. One of the key limiting factors in the design of a transmission line is the conductor sag which determines the clearance of the conductor above ground or underlying structures needed for electrical safety. Increasing the current carrying capability of a conductor increases the joule heating in the conductor which increases the conductor sag. A conductor designed for high-temperature and lowsag operation requires an engineered modification of the conductor materials. To make an advanced cable, the 3M Company solution has been the development of a composite conductor consisting of Nextel ceramic fibers to replace the steel core and an aluminum-zirconium alloy to improve the outer strands. The result is a cable that can carry more current than steelaluminum lines without sagging as much at higher temperatures. A unique facility called the Powerline Conductor Accelerated Testing (PCAT) Facility was built at ORNL for testing overhead conductors. The PCAT has been uniquely designed for testing overhead bare transmission line conductors at high currents and temperatures after they have been installed and tensioned to the manufacturer's specifications. The ability to operate a transmission line conductor in this manner does not exist elsewhere in the United States. Four classes of ACCR cable designed by 3M have been successfully test at ORNL – small, medium, large and small/compact. Based on these and other manufacturer tests, the 3M Company has successfully introduced the ACCR into the commercial market and has completed over twenty installations for utility companies.« less

  19. Magnet Design with High B0 Homogeneity for Fast-Field-Cycling NMR Applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lips, O.; Privalov, A. F.; Dvinskikh, S. V.; Fujara, F.

    2001-03-01

    The design, construction, and performance of a low-inductance solenoidal coil with high B0 homogeneity for fast-field-cycling NMR is presented. It consists of six concentric layers. The conductor width is varied to minimize the B0 inhomogeneity in the volume of the sample. This is done using an algorithm which takes the real shape of the conductor directly into account. The calculated coil geometry can be manufactured easily using standard computerized numeric control equipment, which keeps the costs low. The coil is liquid cooled and produces a B0 field of 0.95 T at 800 A . The field inhomogeneity in a cylindrical volume (diameter 5 mm, length 10 mm) is about 10 ppm, and the inductance is 190 μH. Switching times below 200 μs can be achieved. During 6 months of operation the coil has shown good stability and reliability.

  20. Urban construction and safety project

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hogarth, P. T.

    1976-01-01

    Technology utilization projects in the area of urban construction and safety included the following: development of undercarpet and baseboard flat conductor cables, flood insurance studies, tornado safety engineering, the Project TECH house at the Langley Research Center, assistance to the City of Atlanta in their environmental habitability and resource allocation program, and market assessment of a solid state diesel engine controller. The flat conductor cable and the flood insurance studies are given particular attention.

  1. GEOquery: a bridge between the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and BioConductor.

    PubMed

    Davis, Sean; Meltzer, Paul S

    2007-07-15

    Microarray technology has become a standard molecular biology tool. Experimental data have been generated on a huge number of organisms, tissue types, treatment conditions and disease states. The Gene Expression Omnibus (Barrett et al., 2005), developed by the National Center for Bioinformatics (NCBI) at the National Institutes of Health is a repository of nearly 140,000 gene expression experiments. The BioConductor project (Gentleman et al., 2004) is an open-source and open-development software project built in the R statistical programming environment (R Development core Team, 2005) for the analysis and comprehension of genomic data. The tools contained in the BioConductor project represent many state-of-the-art methods for the analysis of microarray and genomics data. We have developed a software tool that allows access to the wealth of information within GEO directly from BioConductor, eliminating many the formatting and parsing problems that have made such analyses labor-intensive in the past. The software, called GEOquery, effectively establishes a bridge between GEO and BioConductor. Easy access to GEO data from BioConductor will likely lead to new analyses of GEO data using novel and rigorous statistical and bioinformatic tools. Facilitating analyses and meta-analyses of microarray data will increase the efficiency with which biologically important conclusions can be drawn from published genomic data. GEOquery is available as part of the BioConductor project.

  2. Development and evaluation of thin semi-rigid cables for superconducting detectors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kasai, Soichi; Kushino, Akihiro

    2015-03-01

    We are developing semi-rigid cables for accurate readout of superconducting radiation/particle detectors and other low temperature experiments. The center conductor with a diameter of 0.86 mm is separated with seamless metal outer conductor by dielectric material, polytetrafluoroethylene. We used various metal materials with low thermal conductivity for the electrical conductors such as stainless-steel, cupro-nickel, brass, beryllium-copper, phosphor-bronze, niobium-titanium, and niobium. In addition to the conventional semi-rigid cables, low-pass-filter-type cables were manufactured and evaluated to cut the high frequency noise into superconducting detectors. We measured their low thermal conductance and attenuation property up to 10GHz below the liquid helium temperature.

  3. Development of semi-rigid cables for low temperature superconducting detectors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kushino, Akihiro; Kasai, Soichi

    We are developing semi-rigid cables for accurate readout of superconducting radiation/particle detectors and other low temperature experiments. The center conductor with a diameter of 0.86 mm is separated with seamless metal outer conductor by dielectric material, polytetrafluoroethylene. We used various metal materials with low thermal conductivity for the electrical conductors such as stainless-steel, cupro-nickel, brass, beryllium-copper, phosphor-bronze, niobium-titanium, and niobium. In addition to the conventional semi-rigid cables, low-pass-filter type cables were manufactured and evaluated to cut the high frequency noise into superconducting detectors. We measured their low thermal conductance and attenuation property up to 10 GHz below the liquid helium temperature.

  4. Folded inflatable protective device and method for making same

    DOEpatents

    Behr, V.L.; Nelsen, J.M.; Gwinn, K.W.

    1998-10-20

    An apparatus and method are disclosed for making an inflatable protective device made of lightweight material that can withstand the initial stress from inflation and enhance radial inflation. The device includes a cushion and an inflator port. The invention further includes several stacks of folded cushion material including a combination of full-width stacks and half-width stacks: a first full-width stack defined by one or more fan folds in a first lateral half of the cushion wherein the folds are substantially centered above a first center line and are substantially over the inflator port; a second full-width stack defined by one or more fan folds in a second lateral half of the cushion wherein the folds are substantially centered above the first center line and substantially over the inflator port in the first full-width stack; a first half-width stack defined by a plurality of fan folds in the bottom of the cushion where neither edge of each fold extends substantially over the second center line; and a second half-width stack defined by a plurality of fan folds in the top of the cushion wherein neither edge of each fold extends substantially over the second center line. 22 figs.

  5. Folded inflatable protective device and method for making same

    DOEpatents

    Behr, Vance L.; Nelsen, James M.; Gwinn, Kenneth W.

    1998-01-01

    An apparatus and method for making an inflatable protective device made of lightweight material that can withstand the initial stress from inflation and enhance radial inflation. The device includes a cushion and an inflator port. The invention further includes several stacks of folded cushion material including a combination of full-width stacks and half-width stacks: a first full-width stack defined by one or more fan folds in a first lateral half of the cushion wherein the folds are substantially centered above a first center line and are substantially over the inflator port; a second full-width stack defined by one or more fan folds in a second lateral half of the cushion wherein the folds are substantially centered above the first center line and substantially over the inflator port in the first full-width stack; a first half-width stack defined by a plurality of fan folds in the bottom of the cushion where neither edge of each fold extends substantially over the second center line; and a second half-width stack defined by a plurality of fan folds in the top of the cushion wherein neither edge of each fold extends substantially over the second center line.

  6. Capacitively coupled RF voltage probe having optimized flux linkage

    DOEpatents

    Moore, James A.; Sparks, Dennis O.

    1999-02-02

    An RF sensor having a novel current sensing probe and a voltage sensing probe to measure voltage and current. The current sensor is disposed in a transmission line to link all of the flux generated by the flowing current in order to obtain an accurate measurement. The voltage sensor is a flat plate which operates as a capacitive plate to sense voltage on a center conductor of the transmission line, in which the measured voltage is obtained across a resistance leg of a R-C differentiator circuit formed by the characteristic impedance of a connecting transmission line and a capacitance of the plate, which is positioned proximal to the center conductor.

  7. Study of a Waveguide Antenna Implemented in Laminated Material

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2002-12-01

    CRC had some experience with fabricating microwave circuits with laminated copper clad dielectric. There was bonding material (CLTE-P) that could be...PEC) and copper walls in Table 4. For all of the simulations, the physical parameters (width= 5.13 mm, height=3.40 mm, length=24.27 mm) and the... copper waveguide. As shown in Chapter 2, it is also possible to determine the losses from the conductor and dielectric (Equations 2.6 - 2.8) of a RWG

  8. STUDY OF THE RHIC BPM SMA CONNECTOR FAILURE PROBLEM

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    LIAW,C.; SIKORA, R.; SCHROEDER, R.

    2007-06-25

    About 730 BPMs are mounted on the RHIC CQS and Triplet super-conducting magnets. Semi-rigid coaxial cables are used to bring the electrical signal from the BPM feedthroughs to the outside flanges. at the ambient temperature. Every year around 10 cables will lose their signals during the operation. The connection usually failed at the warm end of the cable. The problems were either the solder joint failed or the center conductor retracted out of the SMA connector. Finite element analyses were performed to understand the failure mechanism of the solder joint. The results showed that (1) The SMA center conductor canmore » separate from the mating connector due to the thermal retraction. (2) The maximum thermal stress at the warm end solder joint can exceed the material strength of the Pb37/Sn63 solder material and (3) The magnet ramping frequency (-10 Hz), during the machine startup, can possibly resonant the coaxial cable and damage the solder joints, especially when a fracture is initiated. Test results confirmed that by using the silver bearing solder material (a higher strength material) and by crimping the cable at the locations close to the SMA connector (to prevent the center conductor from retracting) can effectively resolve the connector failure problem.« less

  9. The effects of lane width, shoulder width, and road cross-sectional reallocation on drivers' behavioral adaptations.

    PubMed

    Mecheri, Sami; Rosey, Florence; Lobjois, Régis

    2017-07-01

    Previous research has shown that lane-width reduction makes drivers operate vehicles closer to the center of the road whereas hard-shoulder widening induces a position farther away from the road's center. The goal of the present driving-simulator study was twofold. First, it was aimed at further investigating the respective effects of lane and shoulder width on in-lane positioning strategies, by examining vehicle distance from the center of the lane. The second aim was to assess the impact on safety of three possible cross-sectional reallocations of the width of the road (i.e., three lane-width reductions with concomitant shoulder widening at a fixed cross-sectional width) as compared to a control road. The results confirmed that lane-width reduction made participants drive closer to the road's center. However, in-lane position was affected differently by lane narrowing, depending on the traffic situation. In the absence of oncoming traffic, lane narrowing gave rise to significant shifts in the car's distance from the lane's center toward the edge line, whereas this distance remained similar across lane widths during traffic periods. When the shoulders were at least 0.50m wide, participants drove farther away from both the road center and the lane center. Road reallocation operations resulted in vehicles positioned farther away from the edge of the road and less swerving behavior, without generating higher driving speeds. Finally, it is argued that road-space reallocation may serve as a good low-cost tool for providing a recovery area for steering errors, without impairing drivers' behavior. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. Thin film conductors for self-equalizing cables

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Owen, G.; Trutna, W. R.; Orsley, T. J.; Lucia, F.; Daly, C. B.

    2017-10-01

    Self-equalizing cables using hollow conductors with wall thickness less than the skin depth were proposed in 1929. However, they do not appear ever to have been widely used, although the idea has resurfaced and been refined from time to time. In the early 2000's, self-equalizing conductors consisting of solid magnetic steel cores coated with silver were developed by W.L. Gore, and used in their 2.5 Gb/s "Eye-Opener" cables, although higher speed versions never appeared. We have revived the original 1929 idea, proposing to use glass as a solid insulating core. This technology can potentially work at frequencies of many 10's of GHz. Possible uses include short range GHz links such as USB and Thunderbolt, and intra-rack interconnections in data centers. Our feasibility experiments have validated the principle. Copper coated glass fibers can, in principle, be manufactured, but in these tests, the conductors were capillaries internally coated with silver as these are easily obtainable, relatively inexpensive and serve to test the concept. The performance of these experimental twin lead cables corresponds to calculations, confirming the general principle. By calculation, we have compared the performance of cables made from copper-on-insulator conductors to that of similar cables made with solid copper conductors, and verified that copper-on-insulator cables have significantly less frequency dependent loss. We have also made and tested cables with copper on PEEK conductors as surrogates for copper on glass fiber.

  11. NASA Test Conductor Monitoring DIME competition

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2002-01-01

    A NASA test conductor at the top of the 2.2-second Drop Tower monitors a student lecture at a lower level. This was part of the Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

  12. Kennedy Center Salute To Apollo

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2009-07-17

    Emil de Cou, Conductor of the National Symphony Orchestra, talks to the audience during the "Salute to Apollo" ceremony at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Saturday, July 18, 2009 in Washington. The event was part of NASA's week long celebration of the Apollo 40th Anniversary. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  13. Kennedy Center Salute To Apollo

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2009-07-17

    Members of the National Symphony Orchestra, under Conductor Emil de Cou, perform during the "Salute to Apollo" ceremony at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Saturday, July 18, 2009 in Washington. The event was part of NASA's week long celebration of the Apollo 40th Anniversary. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  14. Breaking the Ice

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1989-01-01

    Electro-Expulsive Separation System, a low power electro-thermal deicer, was invented by Leonard A. Haslim from the Ames Research Center, who was named 1988 NASA Inventor of the Year for his work. Sold under license by Dataproducts New England, Inc., it consists of an elastic, rubber-like deicer boot on the wing's leading edge with copper ribbons embedded in it. Conductors are separated by slits in between and parallel to the ribbons. When the system is switched on, a bank of capacitors in the power supply discharges into the conductors which induces the conductor pairs to repel each other. This results in a powerful force causing the slit voids to expand explosively, removing ice on the wing. EESS is more flexible, more effective, and easier to maintain than previous systems. Potential ship, bridge and industrial applications are under study.

  15. Coaxial connector for use with printed circuit board edge connector

    DOEpatents

    Howard, Donald R.; MacGill, Robert A.

    1989-01-01

    A coaxial cable connector for interfacing with an edge connector for a printed circuit board whereby a coaxial cable can be interconnected with a printed circuit board through the edge connector. The coaxial connector includes a body having two leg portions extending from one side for receiving the edge connector therebetween, and a tubular portion extending from an opposing side for receiving a coaxial cable. A cavity within the body receives a lug of the edge connector and the center conductor of the coaxial cable. Adjacent lugs of the edge connector can be bend around the edge connector housing to function as spring-loaded contacts for receiving the coaxial connector. The lugs also function to facilitate shielding of the center conductor where fastened to the edge connector lug.

  16. Reduced vibration motor winding arrangement

    DOEpatents

    Slavik, C.J.; Rhudy, R.G.; Bushman, R.E.

    1997-11-11

    An individual phase winding arrangement having a sixty electrical degree phase belt width for use with a three phase motor armature includes a delta connected phase winding portion and a wye connected phase winding portion. Both the delta and wye connected phase winding portions have a thirty electrical degree phase belt width. The delta and wye connected phase winding portions are each formed from a preselected number of individual coils each formed, in turn, from an unequal number of electrical conductor turns in the approximate ratio of {radical}3. The individual coils of the delta and wye connected phase winding portions may either be connected in series or parallel. This arrangement provides an armature winding for a three phase motor which retains the benefits of the widely known and utilized thirty degree phase belt concept, including improved mmf waveform and fundamental distribution factor, with consequent reduced vibrations and improved efficiency. 4 figs.

  17. Reduced vibration motor winding arrangement

    DOEpatents

    Slavik, Charles J.; Rhudy, Ralph G.; Bushman, Ralph E.

    1997-01-01

    An individual phase winding arrangement having a sixty electrical degree phase belt width for use with a three phase motor armature includes a delta connected phase winding portion and a wye connected phase winding portion. Both the delta and wye connected phase winding portions have a thirty electrical degree phase belt width. The delta and wye connected phase winding portions are each formed from a preselected number of individual coils each formed, in turn, from an unequal number of electrical conductor turns in the approximate ratio of .sqroot.3. The individual coils of the delta and wye connected phase winding portions may either be connected in series or parallel. This arrangement provides an armature winding for a three phase motor which retains the benefits of the widely known and utilized thirty degree phase belt concept, including improved mmf waveform and fundamental distribution factor, with consequent reduced vibrations and improved efficiency.

  18. Flexible Circuits

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1986-01-01

    Adflex Solutions, Inc.'s flexible circuits may be molded to the shape of a chassis for bulk reduction. Particularly valuable when circuitry must be moved. They are produced by combining a plastic film, a metallic conductor and an adhesive. One adhesive, LARC-TPI, developed by the Langley Research Center, is a thermoplastic polyimide resin used to produce laminates by Rogers Corporation. It can be processed at a lower temperature, has good moisture resistance and excellent adherence. It is used to bond film to copper foil conductor materials in flexible circuits. The circuits have both aerospace and commercial applications.

  19. Recent Progress of the Series-Connected Hybrid Magnet Projects

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Adkins, Todd; Bole, Scott

    2010-01-01

    The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) in Tallahassee, Florida has designed and is now constructing two Series Connected Hybrid (SCH) magnets, each connecting a superconducting outsert coil and a resistive Florida Bitter insert coil electrically in series. The SCH to be installed at the NHMFL will produce 36 T and provide 1 ppm maximum field inhomogeneity over a 1 cm diameter spherical volume. The SCH to be installed at the Helmholtz Center Berlin (HZB) in combination with a neutron source will produce 25 T to 30 T depending on the resistive insert. The two magnets have a common designmore » for their cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) and superconducting outsert coils. The CICC outsert coil winding packs have an inner diameter of 0.6 m and contribute 13.1 T to the central field using three grades of CICC conductors. Each conductor grade carries 20 kA and employs the same type of Nb{sub 3}Sn superconducting wire, but each grade contains different quantities of superconducting wires, different cabling patterns and different aspect ratios. The cryostats and resistive insert coils for the two magnets are different. This paper discusses the progress in CIC conductor and coil fabrication over the last year including specification, qualification and production activities for wire, cable, conductor and coil processing.« less

  20. Calibration tests on magnetic tape lightning current detectors

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Crouch, K. E.

    1980-01-01

    The low cost, passive, peak lightning current detector (LCD) invented at the NASA/Kennedy Space Center, uses magnetic audio recording tape to sense the magnitude of the peak magnetic field around a conductor carrying lightning currents. Test results show that the length of audio tape erased was linearly related to the peak simulated lightning currents in a round conductor. Accuracies of + or - 10% were shown for measurements made using a stopwatch readout technique to determine the amount of tape erased by the lightning current. The stopwatch technique is a simple, low cost means of obtaining LCD readouts and can be used in the field to obtain immediate results. Where more accurate data are desired, the tape is played and the output recorded on a strip chart, oscilloscope, or some other means so that measurements can be made on that recording. Conductor dimensions, tape holder dimensions, and tape formulation must also be considered to obtain a more accurate result. If the shape of the conductor is other than circular (i.e., angle, channel, H-beam), an analysis of the magnetic field is required to use an LCD, especially at low current levels.

  1. Kennedy Center Salute To Apollo

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2009-07-17

    National Symphony Orchestra Conductor Emil de Cou, left, meets with Gene Kranz, retired NASA Flight Director and manager, back stage after the "Salute to Apollo" ceremony at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Saturday, July 18, 2009 in Washington. The event was part of NASA's week long celebration of the Apollo 40th Anniversary. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  2. Early or Premature Menopause

    MedlinePlus

    ... gov/widgets/fahc.html" width="243" height="179" title="Find a Health Center Widget" scrolling="no">https:// ... gov/widgets/fahc.html" width="243" height="179" title="Find a Health Center Widget" scrolling="no">https:// ...

  3. Subwavelength photonic crystal waveguide with trapezoidal shaped dielectric pillars in optical systems

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Xu, Xiaochuan; Chen, Ray T.

    2017-02-07

    A method for reducing loss in a subwavelength photonic crystal waveguide bend is disclosed. The method comprising: forming the subwavelength photonic crystal waveguide bend with a series of trapezoidal shaped dielectric pillars centered about a bend radius; wherein each of the trapezoidal shaped dielectric pillars comprise a top width, a bottom width, and a trapezoid height; wherein the length of the bottom width is greater than the length of the top width; and wherein the bottom width is closer to the center of the bend radius of the subwavelength photonic crystal waveguide bend than the top width. Other embodiments aremore » described and claimed.« less

  4. Comparing fixed and variable-width Gaussian networks.

    PubMed

    Kůrková, Věra; Kainen, Paul C

    2014-09-01

    The role of width of Gaussians in two types of computational models is investigated: Gaussian radial-basis-functions (RBFs) where both widths and centers vary and Gaussian kernel networks which have fixed widths but varying centers. The effect of width on functional equivalence, universal approximation property, and form of norms in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS) is explored. It is proven that if two Gaussian RBF networks have the same input-output functions, then they must have the same numbers of units with the same centers and widths. Further, it is shown that while sets of input-output functions of Gaussian kernel networks with two different widths are disjoint, each such set is large enough to be a universal approximator. Embedding of RKHSs induced by "flatter" Gaussians into RKHSs induced by "sharper" Gaussians is described and growth of the ratios of norms on these spaces with increasing input dimension is estimated. Finally, large sets of argminima of error functionals in sets of input-output functions of Gaussian RBFs are described. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. Modeling of the JET-EP ICRH antenna

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Koch, R.; Amarante, G. S.; Heuraux, S.; Pécoul, S.; Louche, F.

    2001-10-01

    The new ICRH antenna planned for the Enhanced Performance phase of JET (JET-EP) is analyzed using the antenna coupling code ICANT, which self-consistently determines the currents on all antenna parts. This study addresses, using a simplified antenna model, the question of the impact on the coupling of the poloidal segmentation of the conductors, of their width and of their poloidal phasing. We also address the question of the relation between the imaginary part of the power computed by the code and the input impedance of the antenna. An example of current distribution on the complete antenna in vacuum is also shown.

  6. Externalized conductors and insulation failure in Biotronik defibrillator leads: History repeating or a false alarm?

    PubMed

    De Maria, Elia; Borghi, Ambra; Bonetti, Lorenzo; Fontana, Pier Luigi; Cappelli, Stefano

    2017-02-16

    Conductor externalization and insulation failure are frequent complications with the recalled St. Jude Medical Riata implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads. Conductor externalization is a "unique" failure mechanism: Cables externalize through the insulation ("inside-out" abrasion) and appear outside the lead body. Recently, single reports described a similar failure also for Biotronik leads. Moreover, some studies reported a high rate of electrical dysfunction (not only insulation failure) with Biotronik Linox leads and a reduced survival rate in comparison with the competitors. In this paper we describe the case of a patient with a Biotronik Kentrox ICD lead presenting with signs of insulation failure and conductor externalization at fluoroscopy. Due to the high risk of extraction we decided to implant a new lead, abandoning the damaged one; lead reimplant was uneventful. Subsequently, we review currently available literature about Biotronik Kentrox and Linox ICD lead failure and in particular externalized conductors. Some single-center studies and a non-prospective registry reported a survival rate between 88% and 91% at 5 years for Linox leads, significantly worse than that of other manufacturers. However, the preliminary results of two ongoing multicenter, prospective registries (GALAXY and CELESTIAL) showed 96% survival rate at 5 years after implant, well within industry standards. Ongoing data collection is needed to confirm longer-term performance of this family of ICD leads.

  7. Externalized conductors and insulation failure in Biotronik defibrillator leads: History repeating or a false alarm?

    PubMed Central

    De Maria, Elia; Borghi, Ambra; Bonetti, Lorenzo; Fontana, Pier Luigi; Cappelli, Stefano

    2017-01-01

    Conductor externalization and insulation failure are frequent complications with the recalled St. Jude Medical Riata implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads. Conductor externalization is a “unique” failure mechanism: Cables externalize through the insulation (“inside-out” abrasion) and appear outside the lead body. Recently, single reports described a similar failure also for Biotronik leads. Moreover, some studies reported a high rate of electrical dysfunction (not only insulation failure) with Biotronik Linox leads and a reduced survival rate in comparison with the competitors. In this paper we describe the case of a patient with a Biotronik Kentrox ICD lead presenting with signs of insulation failure and conductor externalization at fluoroscopy. Due to the high risk of extraction we decided to implant a new lead, abandoning the damaged one; lead reimplant was uneventful. Subsequently, we review currently available literature about Biotronik Kentrox and Linox ICD lead failure and in particular externalized conductors. Some single-center studies and a non-prospective registry reported a survival rate between 88% and 91% at 5 years for Linox leads, significantly worse than that of other manufacturers. However, the preliminary results of two ongoing multicenter, prospective registries (GALAXY and CELESTIAL) showed 96% survival rate at 5 years after implant, well within industry standards. Ongoing data collection is needed to confirm longer-term performance of this family of ICD leads. PMID:28255544

  8. Strain Distribution in REBCO-Coated Conductors Bent With the Constant-Perimeter Geometry

    DOE PAGES

    Wang, Xiaorong; Arbelaez, Diego; Caspi, Shlomo; ...

    2017-10-24

    Here, cable and magnet applications require bending REBa 2Cu 3O 7-δ (REBCO, RE = rare earth) tapes around a former to carry high current or generate specific magnetic fields. With a high aspect ratio, REBCO tapes favor the bending along their broad surfaces (easy way) than their thin edges (hard way). The easy-way bending forms can be effectively determined by the constant-perimeter method that was developed in the 1970s to fabricate accelerator magnets with flat thin conductors. The method, however, does not consider the strain distribution in the REBCO layer that can result from bending. Therefore, the REBCO layer canmore » be overstrained and damaged even if it is bent in an easy way as determined by the constant-perimeter method. To address this issue, we developed a numerical approach to determine the strain in the REBCO layer using the local curvatures of the tape neutral plane. Two orthogonal strain components are determined: the axial component along the tape length and the transverse component along the tape width. These two components can be used to determine the conductor critical current after bending. The approach is demonstrated with four examples relevant for applications: a helical form for cables, forms for canted cos θ dipole and quadrupole magnets, and a form for the coil end design. The approach allows us to optimize the design of REBCO cables and magnets based on the constant-perimeter geometry and to reduce the strain-induced critical current degradation.« less

  9. Strain Distribution in REBCO-Coated Conductors Bent With the Constant-Perimeter Geometry

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wang, Xiaorong; Arbelaez, Diego; Caspi, Shlomo

    Here, cable and magnet applications require bending REBa 2Cu 3O 7-δ (REBCO, RE = rare earth) tapes around a former to carry high current or generate specific magnetic fields. With a high aspect ratio, REBCO tapes favor the bending along their broad surfaces (easy way) than their thin edges (hard way). The easy-way bending forms can be effectively determined by the constant-perimeter method that was developed in the 1970s to fabricate accelerator magnets with flat thin conductors. The method, however, does not consider the strain distribution in the REBCO layer that can result from bending. Therefore, the REBCO layer canmore » be overstrained and damaged even if it is bent in an easy way as determined by the constant-perimeter method. To address this issue, we developed a numerical approach to determine the strain in the REBCO layer using the local curvatures of the tape neutral plane. Two orthogonal strain components are determined: the axial component along the tape length and the transverse component along the tape width. These two components can be used to determine the conductor critical current after bending. The approach is demonstrated with four examples relevant for applications: a helical form for cables, forms for canted cos θ dipole and quadrupole magnets, and a form for the coil end design. The approach allows us to optimize the design of REBCO cables and magnets based on the constant-perimeter geometry and to reduce the strain-induced critical current degradation.« less

  10. Studies on the Origins and Nature of Critical Current Variations in Rare Earth Barium Copper Oxide Coated Conductors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hu, Xinbo

    REBCO (REBa2Cu3O7-delta, RE=rare earth elements) coated conductor (CC) is one of the best candidates for building high-field magnets and it has been improved greatly in recent years. CC overcome the grain boundary problem by using either a rolling assisted biaxially textured substrate (RABiTS) or ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) of a template for the REBCO. Artificial pinning centers were also introduced to increase critical current density. Despite all these improvements, one significant residual problem is lengthwise critical current (Ic) variations of the CCs. Characterizations of CCs can not only identify the variations, but also provide insight that can help improve the manufacturing process. This study focuses on cross-sectional and vortex pinning variations in CCs. With the reel-to-reel Ic and magnetization measurement system (YateStar), a systematic study has been carried out for CCs made in the last 5-6 years as this technology has rapidly developed. We found that cross-section variations exist for almost all conductors because of width variations. But this contribution to the total Ic variation is small. Vortex pinning variations are found to be the main reason for Ic variations, especially for conductors from different production runs. Even for conductors from the same run, pinning variations are often present. Microscopy studies show that the density and length of BaZrO3 (BZO) nanorods vary between different conductors even though they have nominally the same specifications. Pinning variations in one single tape are mostly attributed to the size variations of BZO nanorods and the configurations of RE2O3 precipitates. Deconstruction of magnet coils and cables were carried out to understand the reasons for in-service degradation. The prototype coil for the 32 T project was safely quenched more than 100 times but it degraded in 3 spontaneous quenches (conducted in an accelerated fatigue testing campaign at ramp rates much larger than service specification). Its pancake coil deconstruction showed three extremely localized burned regions, whose temperature went to over 800°C based on the appearance of a Cu-Ag eutectic above the damaged REBCO layer. Transverse propagation of the damage was almost as effective as longitudinal propagation. Transmission electron microscope images show that thicker BaZrO 3 (BZO) nanorods exist near the centers of damaged zones, compared to longer and thinner BZO nanorods from normal, good regions. Because of the lack of detailed Ic(x) characterizations of the length prior to use, the cause the cause of the coil degradation is not clear. It is possible that local degradation of the vortex pinning initiated the final quenches but another possibility is indicated by deconstruction of a no-insulation coil, which reached 45.5 T in a background field of 31 T. In this case no burn marks were observed but some tapes were heavily deformed on one edge, and some joints delaminated after quenches. Transport measurements show that the deformations correlate to Ic degradations, especially for the outer turns of pancakes. Microstructural studies reveal that the deformed (and cracked) edges are always the one that were slit during manufacturing. It appears that small, pre-existing micro-cracks on slit edges propagate after high-field tests. Study of individual strands of conductor on round core (CORCRTM ) cables demonstrated their steady improvements in the last few years. Overall cable current density, Je, has been greatly improved by replacement of 50 mum by 30 mum thick substrate in CCs and improved winding procedures cause no damage to the tapes. However, some degradation may appear after cables are bent and tested in high-field (20 T). It is found that inner layers are more vulnerable than outer layers. Winding angles and gaps strongly influence where degradations start. To understand the failure mechanisms and establish the limiting winding conditions for CORCRTM cables/wires, tapes were wound on different formers at different angles: 23°, 30°, 45° and 60°. For a 2 mm former diameter, the highest winding angle gives the least degradation while the other three are comparable. A major defect type introduced during winding is propagation of pre-existing edge (slitting) cracks, but some delamination under winding stress can also be seen. For the former with 2.54 mm in diameter, no propagations of pre-existing cracks or delaminations were observed after winding. Our studies of CCs made and tested in different ways has shown that further improvement of CC and of CORCRTM cables/wires can be made and also that some inherent features of the manufacture of CCs exert a strong influence on their service performance.

  11. Apparatus for high speed rotation of electrically operated devices

    DOEpatents

    Williams, Keith E.; Rogus, Arnold J.

    1976-10-26

    Most high speed centrifuges employ a relatively small diameter elongate flexible drive shaft, sometimes called a "quill" shaft. These relatively slender shafts are flexible to absorb vibration as the assembly passes through speeds of resonance and to permit re-alignment of the axis of rotation of the shaft and the rotor driven thereby in the event the center of mass of the rotor and shaft assembly is displaced from the nominal axis of the rotation. To use such an apparatus for testing electrical devices and components, electrical conductors for wires are passed from a slip ring assembly located at an end of the quill shaft remote from the rotor and longitudinally alongside the quill shaft to the electrical device mounted on the rotor. The longitudinally extending conductors are supported against the radially outward directed centrifugal forces by a plurality of strong, self-lubricating, slightly compressible wafers or washers co-axially stacked on the slender shaft and provided with radially offset longitudinally aligned openings to support the longitudinally extending conductors. The conductors are supported against the centrifugal forces and thus protected from rupture or other damage without restricting or constraining the essential flexure or bending of the drive shaft.

  12. Flexible tension sensor based on poly(l-lactic acid) film with coaxial structure

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yoshida, Mitsunobu; Onishi, Katsuki; Tanimoto, Kazuhiro; Nishikawa, Shigeo

    2017-10-01

    We have developed a tension sensor with a coaxial structure using a narrow slit ribbon made of a uniaxially stretched poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) film for application to a wearable device. The tension sensor is produced as follows. We used tinsel wire as the center conductor of the sensor. The tinsel wire consists of a yarn of synthetic fibers arranged at the center, with a spirally wound rolled copper foil ribbon on the side surface. Next, slit ribbons obtained from a uniaxially oriented film of PLLA are wound helically on the side surface of the center conductor in the direction of a left-handed screw, at an angle of 45° to the central axis. The rolled copper foil is used as an outer conductor and covers the yarn without a gap. The prototype of the fabricated tension sensor has good flexibility, since the sensor is in the form of a filament and consists of a highly flexible material. For the 1 mm tension sensor, it was found that for a tension of 1 N, a charge of 14 pC was output. It was also found that the sensor maintained its room-temperature sensitivity up to 60 °C. Compared with an existing coaxial line sensor using poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), the sensor using PLLA does not exhibit pyroelectricity, meaning that no undesirable voltage is generated when in contact with body heat, which is a significant advantage as wearable sensors. The result has demonstrated the potential application of the PLLA film to wearable devices for detecting heartbeat and respiration.

  13. Sally Ride Tribute

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2013-05-20

    The Maryland Classic Youth Orchestras performs "Clair du Lune" with Guest Conductor Emil de Cou during the National Tribute to Sally Ride at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Monday, May 20, 2013 in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  14. PREFACE: International Symposium on Molecular Conductors: Novel Functions of Molecular Conductors under Extreme Conditions (ISMC 2008)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Takahashi, Toshihiro; Suzumura, Yoshikazu

    2008-02-01

    The International Symposium on Molecular Conductors 2008 (ISMC2008) was held as the second international symposium of the project entitled `Novel Functions of Molecular Conductors under Extreme Conditions', which was supported by the Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan. The project lasted from September 2003 to March 2008, and was completed by this symposium held at Okazaki Conference Center, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Japan (23-25 July 2008), which about 100 scientists attended. During the symposium, five project teams gave summary talks and exciting talks were given on the topics developed recently not only by the members of the project but also by other scientists including invited speakers from abroad, who are doing active research on molecular conductors. It is expected that papers presented in the symposium will give valuable hints for the next step in the research of this field. Therefore the organizers of this symposium decided to publish this proceedings in order to demonstrate these activities, not only for the local community of the project, but also for the broad society of international scientists who are interested in molecular conductors. The editors, who are also the organizers of this symposium, believe that this proceedings provides a significant and relevant contribution to the field of molecular conductors since it is the first time we have published such a proceedings as an electronic journal. We note that all papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed by expert referees. Editors made every effort to satisfy the criterion of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. Toshihiro Takahashi and Yoshikazu Suzumura Editors: Toshihiro Takahashi (Gakushuin University) (Chairman) Kazushi Kanoda (University of Tokyo) Seiichi Kagoshima (University of Tokyo) Takehiko Mori (Tokyo Institute of Technology) Yohji Misaki (Ehime University) Yoshikazu Suzumura (Nagoya University) (Chief editor) Conference photograph

  15. Circular Array of Magnetic Sensors for Current Measurement: Analysis for Error Caused by Position of Conductor.

    PubMed

    Yu, Hao; Qian, Zheng; Liu, Huayi; Qu, Jiaqi

    2018-02-14

    This paper analyzes the measurement error, caused by the position of the current-carrying conductor, of a circular array of magnetic sensors for current measurement. The circular array of magnetic sensors is an effective approach for AC or DC non-contact measurement, as it is low-cost, light-weight, has a large linear range, wide bandwidth, and low noise. Especially, it has been claimed that such structure has excellent reduction ability for errors caused by the position of the current-carrying conductor, crosstalk current interference, shape of the conduction cross-section, and the Earth's magnetic field. However, the positions of the current-carrying conductor-including un-centeredness and un-perpendicularity-have not been analyzed in detail until now. In this paper, for the purpose of having minimum measurement error, a theoretical analysis has been proposed based on vector inner and exterior product. In the presented mathematical model of relative error, the un-center offset distance, the un-perpendicular angle, the radius of the circle, and the number of magnetic sensors are expressed in one equation. The comparison of the relative error caused by the position of the current-carrying conductor between four and eight sensors is conducted. Tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors are used in the experimental prototype to verify the mathematical model. The analysis results can be the reference to design the details of the circular array of magnetic sensors for current measurement in practical situations.

  16. Rippled disc electrostatic generator/motor configurations utilizing magnetic insulation

    DOEpatents

    Post, Richard F

    2017-04-04

    Electrostatic generators/motors designs are provided that generally may include a first rippled stator centered about a longitudinal axis; a second rippled stator centered about the axis, a first rippled rotor centered about the axis and located between the first rippled stator and the second rippled stator. A magnetic field having field lines about parallel with the average plane of at least one of the first rippled stator or the second rippled stator is provided with either a Halbach array configuration or a conductor array configuration.

  17. Insulation Failure of the Linox Defibrillator Lead: A Case Report and Retrospective Review of a Single Center Experience.

    PubMed

    Howe, Andrew J; McKeag, Nicholas A; Wilson, Carol M; Ashfield, Kyle P; Roberts, Michael J

    2015-06-01

    Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) lead insulation failure and conductor externalization have been increasingly reported. The 7.8F silicon-insulated Linox SD and Linox S ICD leads (Biotronik, Berlin, Germany) were released in 2006 and 2007, respectively, with an estimated 85,000 implantations worldwide. A 39-year-old female suffered an out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation (VF) arrest with successful resuscitation. An ICD was implanted utilizing a single coil active fixation Linox(Smart) S lead (Biotronik, Berlin, Germany). A device-triggered alert approximately 3 years after implantation confirmed nonphysiological high rate sensing leading to VF detection. A chest X-ray showed an abnormality of the ICD lead and fluoroscopic screening confirmed conductor externalization proximal to the defibrillator coil. In view of the combined electrical and fluoroscopic abnormalities, urgent lead extraction and replacement were performed. A review of Linox (Biotronik) and Vigila (Sorin Group, Milan, Italy) lead implantations within our center (n = 98) identified 3 additional patients presenting with premature lead failure, 2 associated with nonphysiological sensed events and one associated with a significant decrease in lead impedance. All leads were subsequently removed and replaced. This case provides a striking example of insulation failure affecting the Linox ICD lead and, we believe, is the first to demonstrate conductor externalization manifesting both electrical and fluoroscopic abnormalities. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  18. PACCE: Perl Algorithm to Compute Continuum and Equivalent Widths

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Riffel, Rogério; Borges Vale, Tibério

    2011-05-01

    PACCE (Perl Algorithm to Compute continuum and Equivalent Widths) computes continuum and equivalent widths. PACCE is able to determine mean continuum and continuum at line center values, which are helpful in stellar population studies, and is also able to compute the uncertainties in the equivalent widths using photon statistics.

  19. Meandered-line antenna with integrated high-impedance surface.

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Forman, Michael A.

    2010-09-01

    A reduced-volume antenna composed of a meandered-line dipole antenna over a finite-width, high-impedance surface is presented. The structure is novel in that the high-impedance surface is implemented with four Sievenpiper via-mushroom unit cells, whose area is optimized to match the meandered-line dipole antenna. The result is an antenna similar in performance to patch antenna but one fourth the area that can be deployed directly on the surface of a conductor. Simulations demonstrate a 3.5 cm ({lambda}/4) square antenna with a bandwidth of 4% and a gain of 4.8 dBi at 2.5 GHz.

  20. Doubling of the Critical Current Density of 2G-YBCO Coated Conductors through proton irradiation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Welp, Ulrich; Jia, Ying; Kwok, Wai-Kwong; Rupich, Marty; Fleshler, Steven; Kayani, Asfghar

    2013-03-01

    We report on magnetization and transport measurements of the critical current density of commercial 2G YBCO coated conductors before and after proton irradiation. The samples were irradiated along the c-axis with 4 MeV protons to a fluence of 1.5x1016 p/cm2. We find that at temperatures below 50 K, proton irradiation increases Jc by a factor of 2 in low fields and increases up to 2.5 in fields of 7 T. At 77 K, proton irradiation is less effective in enhancing the critical current. Doubling of Jc in fields of several Tesla and at temperatures below 50 K will be highly beneficial for applications of coated conductors in rotating machinery, generators and magnet coils. - Work supported by the US DoE-BES funded Energy Frontier Research Center (YJ), and by Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (UW, WKK), under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.

  1. Hybrid microcircuit metallization system for the SLL micro actuator

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hampy, R. E.; Knauss, G. L.; Komarek, E. E.

    1976-03-01

    A thin film technique developed for the SLL Micro Actuator in which both gold and aluminum can be incorporated on sapphire or fine grained alumina substrates in a two-level metallization system is described. Tungsten is used as a lateral transition metal permitting electrical contact between the gold and aluminum without the two metals coming in physical contact. Silicon dioxide serves as an insulator between the tungsten and aluminum for crossover purposes, and vias through the silicon dioxide permit interconnections where desired. Tungsten-gold is the first level conductor except at crossovers where tungsten only is used and aluminum is the secondmore » level conductor. Sheet resistances of the two levels can be as low as 0.01 ohm/square. Line widths and spaces as small as 0.025 mm can be attained. A second layer of silicon dioxide is deposited over the metallization and opened for all gold and aluminum bonding areas. The metallization system permits effective interconnection of a mixture of devices having both gold and aluminum terminations without creating undesirable gold-aluminum interfaces. Processing temperatures up to 400/sup 0/C can be tolerated for short times without effect on bondability, conductor, and insulator characteristics, thus permitting silicon-gold eutectic die attachment, component soldering, and higher temperatures during gold lead bonding. Tests conducted on special test pattern circuits indicate good stability over the temperature range -55 to +150/sup 0/C. Aging studies indicate no degradation in characteristics in tests of 500 h duration at 150/sup 0/C.« less

  2. Sample and length-dependent variability of 77 and 4.2 K properties in nominally identical RE123 coated conductors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rossi, L.; Hu, X.; Kametani, F.; Abraimov, D.; Polyanskii, A.; Jaroszynski, J.; Larbalestier, D. C.

    2016-05-01

    We present a broad study by multiple techniques of the critical current and critical current density of a small but representative set of nominally identical commercial RE123 (REBa2Cu3O7-δ , RE = rare Earth, here Y and Gd) coated conductors (CC) recently fabricated by SuperPower Inc. to the same nominal high pinning specification with BaZrO3 and RE2O3 nanoprecipitate pinning centers. With high-field low-temperature applications to magnet technology in mind, we address the nature of their tape-to-tape variations and length-wise I c inhomogeneities by measurements on a scale of about 2 cm rather than the 5 m scale normally supplied by the vendor and address the question of whether these variations have their origin in cross-sectional or in vortex pinning variations. Our principal method has been a continuous measurement transport critical current tool (YateStar) that applies about 0.5 T perpendicular and parallel to the tape at 77 K, thus allowing variations of c-axis and ab-plane properties to be clearly distinguished in the temperature and field regime where strong pinning defects are obvious. We also find such in-field measurements at 77 K to be more valuable in predicting 4.2 K, high-field properties than self-field, 77 K properties because the pinning centers controlling 77 K performance play a decisive role in introducing point defects that also add strongly to J c at 4.2 K. We find that the dominant source of I c variation is due to pinning center fluctuations that control J c, rather than to production defects that locally reduce the active cross-section. Given the 5-10 nm scale of these pinning centers, it appears that the route to greater I c homogeneity is through more stringent control of the REBCO growth conditions in these Zr-doped coated conductors.

  3. Linear Rogowski coil

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nassisi, V.; Delle Side, D.

    2017-02-01

    Nowadays, the employment and development of fast current pulses require sophisticated systems to perform measurements. Rogowski coils are used to diagnose cylindrical shaped beams; therefore, they are designed and built with a toroidal structure. Recently, to perform experiments of radiofrequency biophysical stresses, flat transmission lines have been developed. Therefore, in this work we developed a linear Rogowski coil to detect current pulses inside flat conductors. The system is first approached by means of transmission line theory. We found that, if the pulse width to be diagnosed is comparable with the propagation time of the signal in the detector, it is necessary to impose a uniform current as input pulse, or to use short coils. We further analysed the effect of the resistance of the coil and the influence of its magnetic properties. As a result, the device we developed is able to record pulses lasting for some hundreds of nanoseconds, depending on the inductance, load impedance, and resistance of the coil. Furthermore, its response is characterized by a sub-nanosecond rise time (˜100 ps). The attenuation coefficient depends mainly on the turn number of the coil, while the fidelity of the response depends both on the magnetic core characteristics and on the current distribution along the plane conductors.

  4. Picosecond beam monitor

    DOEpatents

    Schutt, D.W.; Beck, G.O.

    1974-01-01

    The current in the beam of a particle accelerator is monitored with picosecond resolution by causing the beam to impinge upon the center conductor of a coaxial line, generating a pulse of electromagnetic energy in response thereto. This pulse is detected by means such as a sampling oscilloscope. (Official Gazette)

  5. Thin semi-rigid coaxial cables for cryogenics applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kushino, Akihiro; Kasai, Soichi

    2013-03-01

    We have developed cryogenic coaxial cables for low temperature signal readout from sensitive devices, such as transition edge sensors, superconducting tunnel junctions, and kinetic inductance detectors. In order to reduce heat penetration into cryogenic stages, low thermal conductivity metals were chosen for both center and outer electrical conductors. Various types of coaxial cables, employing stainless-steel, cupro-nickel, brass, beryllium-copper, phosphor-bronze, niobium, and niobium-titanium, were manufactured using drawing dies. Thermal and electrical properties were investigated between 1 and 8 K. Coaxial cables made of copper alloys showed thermal conductance roughly consistent with literature, meanwhile Nb coaxial cable must be affected by the drawing process and thermal conductance was lowered. Attenuation of superconducting Nb and NbTi coaxial cables were observed to be adequately small up to above 10 GHz compared to those of normal conducting coaxial cables, which are subject to the Wiedemann-Franz law. We also measured normal conducting coaxial cables with silver-plated center conductors to improve high frequency performance.

  6. Shielded piezoresistive cantilever probes for nanoscale topography and electrical imaging

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, Yongliang; Ma, Eric Yue; Cui, Yong-Tao; Haemmerli, Alexandre; Lai, Keji; Kundhikanjana, Worasom; Harjee, Nahid; Pruitt, Beth L.; Kelly, Michael; Shen, Zhi-Xun

    2014-04-01

    This paper presents the design and fabrication of piezoresistive cantilever probes for microwave impedance microscopy (MIM) to enable simultaneous topographic and electrical imaging. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited Si3N4 cantilevers with a shielded center conductor line and nanoscale conductive tip apex are batch fabricated on silicon-on-insulator wafers. Doped silicon piezoresistors are integrated at the root of the cantilevers to sense their deformation. The piezoresistive sensitivity is 2 nm for a bandwidth of 10 kHz, enabling topographical imaging with reasonable speed. The aluminum center conductor has a low resistance (less than 5 Ω) and small capacitance (˜1.7 pF) to ground; these parameters are critical for high sensitivity MIM imaging. High quality piezoresistive topography and MIM images are simultaneously obtained with the fabricated probes at ambient and cryogenic temperatures. These new piezoresistive probes remarkably broaden the horizon of MIM for scientific applications by operating with an integrated feedback mechanism at low temperature and for photosensitive samples.

  7. Degree of target utilization influences the location of movement endpoint distributions.

    PubMed

    Slifkin, Andrew B; Eder, Jeffrey R

    2017-03-01

    According to dominant theories of motor control, speed and accuracy are optimized when, on the average, movement endpoints are located at the target center and when the variability of the movement endpoint distributions is matched to the width of the target (viz., Meyer, Abrams, Kornblum, Wright, & Smith, 1988). The current study tested those predictions. According to the speed-accuracy trade-off, expanding the range of variability to the amount permitted by the limits of the target boundaries allows for maximization of movement speed while centering the distribution on the target center prevents movement errors that would have occurred had the distribution been off center. Here, participants (N=20) were required to generate 100 consecutive targeted hand movements under each of 15 unique conditions: There were three movement amplitude requirements (80, 160, 320mm) and within each there were five target widths (5, 10, 20, 40, 80mm). According to the results, it was only at the smaller target widths (5, 10mm) that movement endpoint distributions were centered on the target center and the range of movement endpoint variability matched the range specified by the target boundaries. As target width increased (20, 40, 80mm), participants increasingly undershot the target center and the range of movement endpoint variability increasingly underestimated the variability permitted by the target region. The degree of target center undershooting was strongly predicted by the difference between the size of the target and the amount of movement endpoint variability, i.e., the amount of unused space in the target. The results suggest that participants have precise knowledge of their variability relative to that permitted by the target, and they use that knowledge to systematically reduce the travel distance to targets. The reduction in travel distance across the larger target widths might have resulted in greater cost savings than those associated with increases in speed. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  8. A Musing on Schuller's "Musings"

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Asia, Daniel

    2013-01-01

    For many years Gunther Schuller was at the center of the classical music world, as a player, composer, conductor, writer, record producer, polemicist and publisher for new music and jazz, educator, and president of New England Conservatory. His book, entitled, "Musings: The Musical Worlds of Gunther Schuller: A Collection of His…

  9. On interaction of P-waves with one-dimensional photonic crystal consisting of weak conducting matter and transparent dielectric layers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yushkanov, A. A.; Zverev, N. V.

    2018-03-01

    An influence of quantum and spatial dispersion properties of the non-degenerate electron plasma on the interaction of electromagnetic P-waves with one-dimensional photonic crystal consisting of conductor with low carrier electron density and transparent dielectric matter, is studied numerically. It is shown that at the frequencies of order of the plasma frequency and at small widths of the conducting and dielectric layers of the photonic crystal, optical coefficients in the quantum non-degenerate plasma approach differ from the coefficients in the classical electron gas approach. And also, at these frequencies one observes a temperature dependence of the optical coefficients.

  10. A 1 kA-class cryogen-free critical current characterization system for superconducting coated conductors.

    PubMed

    Strickland, N M; Hoffmann, C; Wimbush, S C

    2014-11-01

    A cryogenic electrical transport measurement system is described that is particularly designed to meet the requirements for routine and effective characterization of commercial second generation high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wires in the form of coated conductors based on YBa2Cu3O7. Specific design parameters include a base temperature of 20 K, an applied magnetic field capability of 8 T (provided by a HTS split-coil magnet), and a measurement current capacity approaching 1 kA. The system accommodates samples up to 12 mm in width (the widest conductor size presently commercially available) and 40 mm long, although this is not a limiting size. The sample is able to be rotated freely with respect to the magnetic field direction about an axis parallel to the current flow, producing field angle variations in the standard maximum Lorentz force configuration. The system is completely free of liquid cryogens for both sample cooling and magnet cool-down and operation. Software enables the system to conduct a full characterization of the temperature, magnetic field, and field angle dependence of the critical current of a sample without any user interaction. The system has successfully been used to measure a wide range of experimental and commercially-available superconducting wire samples sourced from different manufacturers across the full range of operating conditions. The system encapsulates significant advances in HTS magnet design and efficient cryogen-free cooling technologies together with the capability for routine and automated high-current electrical transport measurements at cryogenic temperatures. It will be of interest to both research scientists investigating superconductor behavior and commercial wire manufacturers seeking to accurately characterize the performance of their product under all desired operating conditions.

  11. 49 CFR 571.131 - Standard No. 131; School bus pedestrian safety devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... least 150 mm (5.9 inches) in height. The letters shall have a stroke width of at least 20 mm (0.79... contained within each letter, the net stroke width (stroke width minus the width of the lamp(s)) of each....2.1. All lamps shall be positioned in one of the two following ways: (1) centered within the stroke...

  12. 49 CFR 571.131 - Standard No. 131; School bus pedestrian safety devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... least 150 mm (5.9 inches) in height. The letters shall have a stroke width of at least 20 mm (0.79... contained within each letter, the net stroke width (stroke width minus the width of the lamp(s)) of each....2.1. All lamps shall be positioned in one of the two following ways: (1) centered within the stroke...

  13. 49 CFR 571.131 - Standard No. 131; School bus pedestrian safety devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... least 150 mm (5.9 inches) in height. The letters shall have a stroke width of at least 20 mm (0.79... contained within each letter, the net stroke width (stroke width minus the width of the lamp(s)) of each....2.1. All lamps shall be positioned in one of the two following ways: (1) centered within the stroke...

  14. 49 CFR 571.131 - Standard No. 131; School bus pedestrian safety devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... least 150 mm (5.9 inches) in height. The letters shall have a stroke width of at least 20 mm (0.79... contained within each letter, the net stroke width (stroke width minus the width of the lamp(s)) of each....2.1. All lamps shall be positioned in one of the two following ways: (1) centered within the stroke...

  15. A digital map of the high center (HC) and low center (LC) polygon boundaries delineated from high resolution LiDAR data for Barrow, Alaska

    DOE Data Explorer

    Gangodagamage, Chandana; Wullschleger, Stan

    2014-07-03

    This dataset represent a map of the high center (HC) and low center (LC) polygon boundaries delineated from high resolution LiDAR data for the arctic coastal plain at Barrow, Alaska. The polygon troughs are considered as the surface expression of the ice-wedges. The troughs are in lower elevations than the interior polygon. The trough widths were initially identified from LiDAR data, and the boundary between two polygons assumed to be located along the lowest elevations on trough widths between them.

  16. Measuring the upset of CMOS and TTL due to HPM-signals

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Esser, N.; Smailus, B.

    2004-05-01

    To measure the performance of electronic components when stressed by High Power Microwave signals a setup was designed and tested which allows a well-defined voltage signal to enter the component during normal operation, and to discriminate its effect on the component. The microwave signal is fed to the outside conductor of a coaxial cable and couples into the inner signal line connected to the device under test (DUT). The disturbing HF-signal is transferred almost independent from frequency to maintain the pulse shape in the time domain. The configuration designed to perform a TEM-coupling within a 50 Ohm system prevents the secondary system from feeding back to the primary system and, due to the geometrical parameters chosen, the coupling efficiency is as high as 50-90%. Linear dimensions and terminations applied allow for pulses up to a width of 12ns and up to a voltage level of 4-5 kV on the outside conductor. These pulse parameters proved to be sufficient to upset the DUTs tested so far. In more than 400 measurements a rectangular pulse of increasing voltage level was applied to different types of CMOS and TTL until the individual DUT was damaged. As well the pulse width (3, 6 or 12 ns) and its polarity were varied in single-shot or repetitive-shot experiments (500 shots per voltage at a repetition rate of 3 Hz). The state of the DUT was continuously monitored by measuring both the current of the DUT circuit and that of the oscillator providing the operating signal for the DUT. The results show a very good reproducibility within a set of identical samples, remarkable differences between manufacturers and lower thresholds for repetitive testing, which indicates a memory effect of the DUT to exist for voltage levels significantly below the single-shot threshold.

  17. The Influence of Music Style and Conductor Race on Perceptions of Ensemble and Conductor Performance

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vanweelden, Kimberly; McGee, Isaiah R.

    2007-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to examine music style and conductor race on perceptions of ensemble and conductor performance. Results found that conductor race and music style significantly affected ratings of ensemble and conductor performance. Evaluators rated a white conductor group higher than a black conductor group conducting the same…

  18. EM-1 Countdown Simulation with Charlie Blackwell-Thompson

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2018-03-29

    Space Launch System Test Conductors Roberta Wyrick, left, and Tracy Parks, both with Jacobs, NASA's Test and Operations Support Contractor, monitor operations from their consoles in Firing Room 1 at the Kennedy Space Center's Launch Control Center during a countdown simulation for Exploration Mission 1. It was the agency's first simulation of a portion of the countdown for the first launch of a Space Launch System rocket and Orion spacecraft that will eventually take astronauts beyond low-Earth orbit to destinations such as the Moon and Mars.

  19. EM-1 Countdown Simulation with Charlie Blackwell-Thompson

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2018-03-29

    Roberta Wyrick, spacecraft test conductor with Jacobs, NASA's Test and Operations Support Contractor, monitors operations from her console in Firing Room 1 at the Kennedy Space Center's Launch Control Center during a countdown simulation for Exploration Mission 1. It was the agency's first simulation of a portion of the countdown for the first launch of a Space Launch System rocket and Orion spacecraft that will eventually take astronauts beyond low-Earth orbit to destinations such as the Moon and Mars.

  20. Engineers and technicians in the control room at the Dryden Flight Research Center must constantly monitor critical operations and checks during research projects like NASA's hypersonic X-43A

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2004-01-24

    Engineers and technicians in the control room at the Dryden Flight Research Center must constantly monitor critical operations and checks during research projects like NASA's hypersonic X-43A. Visible in the photo, taken two days before the X-43's captive carry flight in January 2004, are [foreground to background]; Tony Kawano (Range Safety Officer), Brad Neal (Mission Controller), and Griffin Corpening (Test Conductor).

  1. Handbook of Oceanographic Winch, Wire, and Cable Technology.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-10-18

    Strength Members (Figure 2-3), involve a center arrangement of electrical conductors Tone, coax, tristed, pair, triad, etc.) with the braided metal or...8217. .. . . . .-.. . . . . .. - . . . C. Robert Shaw, Chief Engineer Union Metal Manufacturing...2-4 1.1 COINCIDENCE............................ 2-4 *1 .2 CEN4TER STRENGTH MEMBER.................. 2-4 *1.3 BRAIDED OUTER STRENGTH MIBER

  2. Enhanced critical currents of commercial 2G superconducting coated conductors through proton irradiation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Welp, Ulrich; Leroux, M.; Kihlstrom, K. J.; Kwok, W.-K.; Koshelev, A. E.; Miller, D. J.; Rupich, M. W.; Fleshler, S.; Malozemoff, A. P.; Kayani, A.

    2015-03-01

    We report on magnetization and transport measurements of the critical current density, Jc, of commercial 2G YBCO coated conductors before and after proton irradiation. The samples were irradiated along the c-axis with 4 MeV protons. Proton irradiation produces a mixed pinning landscape composed of pre-existing rare earth particles and a uniform distribution of irradiation induced nm-sized defects. This pinning landscape strongly reduces the suppression of Jc in magnetic fields resulting in a doubling of Jc in a field of ~ 4T. The irradiation dose-dependence of Jc is characterized by a temperature and field dependent sweat spot that at 5 K and 6 T occurs around 20x1016 p/cm2. Large-scale time dependent Ginzburg-Landau simulations yield a good description of our results. This work supported by the Center for Emergent Superconductivity, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. D.O.E., Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (KK, ML, AEK) and by the D.O.E, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (UW, WKK).

  3. KSC-2010-5884

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2010-12-17

    CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Team members stationed at consoles in the Launch Control Center at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida monitor space shuttle Discovery's external fuel tank as it is loaded with more than 535,000 gallons of cryogenic propellants. From back, are STS-133 Assistant NASA Test Director Jeff Spaulding, STS-133 NASA Test Director Steve Payne, Launch Orbiter Test Conductor John Kracsun and Assistant Launch Orbiter Test Conductor Mark Taffet. During today's tanking test, the team is paying particular attention to the external tank's ribbed intertank region. Beginning tomorrow, engineers will evaluate data on 21-foot-long, U-shaped aluminum brackets, called stringers, and the newly replaced ground umbilical carrier plate (GUCP). Discovery's first launch attempt for STS-133 was scrubbed in early November due to a hydrogen gas leak at the GUCP. In order to perform additional analysis on the tank, Discovery will be rolled back to the Vehicle Assembly Building, a move that is planned for next week. The next launch opportunity is no earlier than Feb. 3, 2011. For more information on STS-133, visit www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts133/. Photo credit: NASA/Cory Huston

  4. Design of the 1.5 MW, 30-96 MHz ultra-wideband 3 dB high power hybrid coupler for Ion Cyclotron Resonance Frequency (ICRF) heating in fusion grade reactor.

    PubMed

    Yadav, Rana Pratap; Kumar, Sunil; Kulkarni, S V

    2016-01-01

    Design and developmental procedure of strip-line based 1.5 MW, 30-96 MHz, ultra-wideband high power 3 dB hybrid coupler has been presented and its applicability in ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) in tokamak is discussed. For the high power handling capability, spacing between conductors and ground need to very high. Hence other structural parameters like strip-width, strip thickness coupling gap, and junction also become large which can be gone upto optimum limit where various constrains like fabrication tolerance, discontinuities, and excitation of higher TE and TM modes become prominent and significantly deteriorates the desired parameters of the coupled lines system. In designed hybrid coupler, two 8.34 dB coupled lines are connected in tandem to get desired coupling of 3 dB and air is used as dielectric. The spacing between ground and conductors are taken as 0.164 m for 1.5 MW power handling capability. To have the desired spacing, each of 8.34 dB segments are designed with inner dimension of 3.6 × 1.0 × 40 cm where constraints have been significantly realized, compensated, and applied in designing of 1.5 MW hybrid coupler and presented in paper.

  5. Development of coated conductors by inclined substrate deposition

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Balachandran, U.; Ma, B.; Li, M.; Fisher, B. L.; Koritala, R. E.; Miller, D. J.; Dorris, S. E.

    2003-10-01

    Inclined substrate deposition (ISD) offers the potential for rapid production of high-quality biaxially textured buffer layers suitable for YBa 2Cu 3O 7- δ (YBCO)-coated conductors. We have grown biaxially textured magnesium oxide (MgO) films on Hastelloy C276 (HC) substrates by ISD at deposition rates of 20-100 Å/s. Scanning electron microscopy of the ISD MgO films showed columnar grain structures with a roof-tile-shaped surface. X-ray pole figure analysis revealed that the c-axis of the ISD MgO films is titled at an angle ≈32° from the substrate normal. A small full-width at half maximum of ≈9° was observed for the φ-scan of MgO films. YBCO films were grown on ISD MgO buffered HC substrates by pulsed laser deposition and were determined to be biaxially aligned with the c-axis parallel to the substrate normal. The orientation relationship between the ISD template and the top YBCO film was investigated by X-ray pole figure analysis and transmission electron microscopy. A transport critical current density of Jc=5.5×10 5 A/cm 2 at 77 K in self-field was measured on a YBCO film that was 0.46-μm thick, 4-mm wide, 10-mm long.

  6. Electric field distribution on surface of the artificial magnetic conductor: miniaturization process

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ramos, Welyson T. S.; Mesquita, Renato C.; Silva, Elson J.

    2017-08-01

    This paper presents a study of the influence of the geometric shape on the resonance frequency of the artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) by analysis of the electric field distributions on top of the surface metallic patch inside the unit cell. It is known that various parameters such as geometry, dielectric substrate thickness, gap between patches, length and width of patch, size of unit cell, permittivity and permeability strongly affect the resonance frequency. In attempts to elucidate the miniaturization process, as reference, a metallic square patch with a unit cell of size 10 mm × 10 mm was simulated and a resonance frequency of 5.75 GHz was obtained. The device has illuminated by a plane wave with polarization in the y direction. Additionally, different geometries were performed such as triangle, hexagon, circle and cross of Jerusalem. We realized that the field distribution can be used as an physical insight to understand the AMC miniaturization process. In particular, bow-tie geometry provided considerable electrical miniaturization compared with square patch, about 1.5 GHz. The results are supported by finite element method. Our findings suggest that shift at resonant frequency may be interpreted as a variation in the net induced electric polarizability on the surface of the metallic patches.

  7. Design of the 1.5 MW, 30-96 MHz ultra-wideband 3 dB high power hybrid coupler for Ion Cyclotron Resonance Frequency (ICRF) heating in fusion grade reactor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yadav, Rana Pratap; Kumar, Sunil; Kulkarni, S. V.

    2016-01-01

    Design and developmental procedure of strip-line based 1.5 MW, 30-96 MHz, ultra-wideband high power 3 dB hybrid coupler has been presented and its applicability in ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) in tokamak is discussed. For the high power handling capability, spacing between conductors and ground need to very high. Hence other structural parameters like strip-width, strip thickness coupling gap, and junction also become large which can be gone upto optimum limit where various constrains like fabrication tolerance, discontinuities, and excitation of higher TE and TM modes become prominent and significantly deteriorates the desired parameters of the coupled lines system. In designed hybrid coupler, two 8.34 dB coupled lines are connected in tandem to get desired coupling of 3 dB and air is used as dielectric. The spacing between ground and conductors are taken as 0.164 m for 1.5 MW power handling capability. To have the desired spacing, each of 8.34 dB segments are designed with inner dimension of 3.6 × 1.0 × 40 cm where constraints have been significantly realized, compensated, and applied in designing of 1.5 MW hybrid coupler and presented in paper.

  8. Temperature limited heater utilizing non-ferromagnetic conductor

    DOEpatents

    Vinegar,; Harold J. , Harris; Kelvin, Christopher [Houston, TX

    2012-07-17

    A heater is described. The heater includes a ferromagnetic conductor and an electrical conductor electrically coupled to the ferromagnetic conductor. The ferromagnetic conductor is positioned relative to the electrical conductor such that an electromagnetic field produced by time-varying current flow in the ferromagnetic conductor confines a majority of the flow of the electrical current to the electrical conductor at temperatures below or near a selected temperature.

  9. KSC-2011-5312

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-07-08

    CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Launch controllers wave their STS-135 shuttle launch team member flags and cheer in Firing Room 4 of the Launch Control Center following the successful launch of space shuttle Atlantis from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. In the foreground, from left, are NASA Test Directors Steve Payne and Bob Holl; Landing and Recovery Director Greg Gaddis; Shuttle Launch Director Mike Leinbach; Atlantis' NASA Flow Director Angie Brewer; NASA Test Director Charlie Blackwell-Thompson; STS-135 Launch Commentator George Diller; NASA Test Directors Jeremy Graeber, Tim Potter, and Jeff Spaulding; Orbiter Test Conductor Roberta Wyrick; Assistant Orbiter Test Conductor Laurie Sally; Assistant Launch Director Pete Nickolenko; United Space Alliance Vice President of Launch and Recovery Systems Mark Nappi; and United Space Alliance Test Conductor Mark Paxton. Atlantis began its final flight, the STS-135 mission to the International Space Station, at 11:29 a.m. EDT on July 8. STS-135 will deliver the Raffaello multi-purpose logistics module packed with supplies and spare parts for the International Space Station. Atlantis also is flying the Robotic Refueling Mission experiment that will investigate the potential for robotically refueling existing satellites in orbit. In addition, Atlantis will return with a failed ammonia pump module to help NASA better understand the failure mechanism and improve pump designs for future systems. STS-135 is the 33rd flight of Atlantis, the 37th shuttle mission to the space station, and the 135th and final mission of NASA's Space Shuttle Program. For more information, visit www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts135/index.html. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

  10. BaBar superconducting coil: design, construction and test

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bell, R A; Berndt, M; Burgess, W

    2001-01-26

    The BABAR Detector, located in the PEP-II B-Factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, includes a large 1.5 Tesla superconducting solenoid, 2.8 m bore and length 3.7 m. The two layer solenoid is wound with an aluminum stabilized conductor which is graded axially to produce a {+-} 3% field uniformity in the tracking region. This paper summarizes the 3 year design, fabrication and testing program of the superconducting solenoid. The work was carried out by an international collaboration between INFN, LLNL and SLAC. The coil was constructed by Ansaldo Energia. Critical current measurements of the superconducting strand, cable and conductor,more » cool-down, operation with the thermo-siphon cooling, fast and slow discharges, and magnetic forces are discussed in detail.« less

  11. Conductor for a fluid-cooled winding

    DOEpatents

    Kenney, Walter J.

    1983-01-01

    A conductor and method of making the conductor are provided for use in winding electrical coils which are cooled by a fluid communicating with the conductor. The conductor is cold worked through twisting and reshaping steps to form a generally rectangular cross section conductor having a plurality of helical cooling grooves extending axially of the conductor. The conductor configuration makes it suitable for a wide variety of winding applications and permits the use of simple strip insulation between turns and perforated sheet insulation between layers of the winding.

  12. Conductors of the Digitized Underground Railroad: Black Teachers Empower Pedagogies with Computer Technology

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fredrick, Rona M.

    2007-01-01

    An interpretive case study framed by the critical race theory (CRT) and African centered theory is used to examine the teaching practices of two transformative African American teachers, which transformed the thinking and lives of their students. The analysis has illustrated that the computer technology has helped teachers in engaging in…

  13. Semi-flexible gas-insulated transmission line using sandwiched discs for intermittent flexing joints

    DOEpatents

    Kommineni, P.R.

    1983-02-15

    A gas-insulated transmission line includes an outer sheath, an inner conductor, an insulating gas electrically insulating the inner conductor from the outer sheath, and insulating supports insulatably supporting the inner conductor within the outer sheath. The inner conductor is provided with flexibility by the use of main conductor sections which are joined together through a conductor hub section and flexible flexing elements. Stress shields are provided to control the electric field at the locations of the conductor hub sections where the insulating supports are contacting the inner conductor. The flexing elements are formed by sandwiching together, by fusing, a pair of thin hollow discs which are fixedly secured to both the main conductor sections and the conductor hub section. 4 figs.

  14. KSC-2011-1046

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-01-07

    CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- In the Launch Control Center at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, Assistant Launch Orbiter Test Conductor Mark Taffet sits at his console in Firing Room 4 along with other STS-133 launch team members to rehearse procedures for the liftoff of space shuttle Discovery's final mission. The team at Kennedy also participated in launch simulations with personnel at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston. Discovery's next launch opportunity to the International Space Station on the STS-133 mission is planned for no earlier than Feb. 24. For more information on STS-133, visit www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts133/. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

  15. KSC-2011-1047

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-01-07

    CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- In the Launch Control Center at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, Launch Orbiter Test Conductor John Kracsun sits at his console in Firing Room 4 along with other STS-133 launch team members to rehearse procedures for the liftoff of space shuttle Discovery's final mission. The team at Kennedy also participated in launch simulations with personnel at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston. Discovery's next launch opportunity to the International Space Station on the STS-133 mission is planned for no earlier than Feb. 24. For more information on STS-133, visit www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts133/. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

  16. 46 CFR 111.05-33 - Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors. 111.05... § 111.05-33 Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors. (a) Each equipment-grounding conductor must... 110.10-1). (b) Each equipment-grounding conductor (other than a system-grounding conductor) of a cable...

  17. 46 CFR 111.05-33 - Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors. 111.05... § 111.05-33 Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors. (a) Each equipment-grounding conductor must... 110.10-1). (b) Each equipment-grounding conductor (other than a system-grounding conductor) of a cable...

  18. Semi-flexible gas-insulated transmission line using protection tube in conductor plug-in joint

    DOEpatents

    Kommineni, P.R.

    1983-01-25

    A gas-insulated transmission line includes an outer sheath, an inner conductor, an insulating gas electrically insulating the inner conductor from the outer sheath, and insulating supports insulatably supporting the inner conductor within the outer sheath. The inner conductor is provided with flexibility by main conductor sections which are joined together through a conductor hub section and flexible flexing elements. Stress shields are provided to control the electric field at the locations of the conductor hub sections where the insulating supports are contacting the inner conductor. A plug and socket arrangement is utilized for joining adjacent sections of the inner conductor, and a protection tube is utilized inside the hollow plug to maintain proper alignment of the joint when the transmission line is bent. 3 figs.

  19. Semi-flexible gas-insulated transmission line using protection tube in conductor plug-in joint

    DOEpatents

    Kommineni, Prasad R.

    1983-01-25

    A gas-insulated transmission line includes an outer sheath, an inner conductor, an insulating gas electrically insulating the inner conductor from the outer sheath, and insulating supports insulatably supporting the inner conductor within the outer sheath. The inner conductor is provided with flexibility by main conductor sections which are joined together through a conductor hub section and flexible flexing elements. Stress shields are provided to control the electric field at the locations of the conductor hub sections where the insulating supports are contacting the inner conductor. A plug and socket arrangement is utilized for joining adjacent sections of the inner conductor, and a protection tube is utilized inside the hollow plug to maintain proper alignment of the joint when the transmission line is bent.

  20. Terminal structure

    DOEpatents

    Schmidt, Frank [Langenhagen, DE; Allais, Arnaud [Hannover, DE; Mirebeau, Pierre [Villebon sur Yvette, FR; Ganhungu, Francois [Vieux-Reng, FR; Lallouet, Nicolas [Saint Martin Boulogne, FR

    2009-10-20

    A terminal structure (2) for a superconducting cable (1) is described. It consists of a conductor (2a) and an insulator (2b) that surrounds the conductor (2a), wherein the superconducting cable (1) has a core with a superconducting conductor (5) and a layer of insulation that surrounds the conductor (5), and wherein the core is arranged in such a way that it can move longitudinally in a cryostat. The conductor (2a) of the terminal structure (2) is electrically connected with the superconducting conductor (5) or with a normal conductor (6) that is connected with the superconducting conductor (5) by means of a tubular part (7) made of an electrically conductive material, wherein the superconducting conductor (5) or the normal conductor (6) can slide in the part (7) in the direction of the superconductor.

  1. Semi-flexible gas-insulated transmission line using electric field stress shields

    DOEpatents

    Cookson, Alan H.; Dale, Steinar J.; Bolin, Philip C.

    1982-12-28

    A gas-insulated transmission line includes an outer sheath, an inner conductor, an insulating gas electrically insulating the inner conductor from the outer sheath, and insulating supports insulatably supporting the inner conductor within the outer sheath. The inner conductor is provided with flexibility by use of main conductor sections which are joined together through a conductor hub section and flexible flexing elements. Stress shields are provided to control the electric field at the locations of the conductor hub sections where the insulating supports are contacting the inner conductor. The flexing elements and the stress shields may also be utilized in connection with a plug and socket arrangement for providing electrical connection between main conductor sections.

  2. Development of stable, narrow spectral line-width, fiber delivered laser source for spin exchange optical pumping

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Liu, Bo; Tong, Xin; Jiang, Chenyang

    2015-06-05

    In this study, we developed a stable, narrow spectral line-width, fiber delivered laser source for spin exchange optical pumping. An optimized external cavity equipped with an off-the-shelf volume holographic grating narrowed the spectral line-width of a 100 W high-power diode laser and stabilized the laser spectrum. The laser spectrum showed a high side mode suppression ratio of >30 dB and good long-term stability (center wavelength drifting within ±0.002 nm during 220 h of operation). Finally, our laser is delivered by a multimode fiber with power ~70 W, center wavelength of 794.77 nm, and spectral bandwidth of ~0.12 nm.

  3. Conductor and joint test results of JT-60SA CS and EF coils using the NIFS test facility

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Obana, Tetsuhiro; Takahata, Kazuya; Hamaguchi, Shinji; Kizu, Kaname; Murakami, Haruyuki; Chikaraishi, Hirotaka; Noguchi, Hiroki; Kobuchi, Takashi; Moriuchi, Sadatomo; Imagawa, Shinsaku; Mito, Toshiyuki; Tsuchiya, Katsuhiko; Natsume, Kyohei; Yoshida, Kiyoshi; Nomoto, Kazuhiro; Kim, Tae-hyun

    2016-01-01

    In 2007, JAEA and NIFS launched the test project to evaluate the performance of cable-in-conduit (CIC) conductors and conductor joints for the JT-60SA CS and EF coils. In this project, conductor tests for four types of coil conductor and joint tests for seven types of conductor joint have been conducted for the past eight years using the NIFS test facility. As a result, the test project indicated that the CIC conductors and conductor joints fulfill the design requirement for the CS and EF coils. In addition, the NIFS test facility is expected to be utilized as the test facility for the development of a conductor and conductor joint for the purpose of the DEMO nuclear fusion power plant, provided that the required magnetic field strength is within 9 T.

  4. Intra-coil interactions in split gradient coils in a hybrid MRI-LINAC system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tang, Fangfang; Freschi, Fabio; Sanchez Lopez, Hector; Repetto, Maurizio; Liu, Feng; Crozier, Stuart

    2016-04-01

    An MRI-LINAC system combines a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system with a medical linear accelerator (LINAC) to provide image-guided radiotherapy for targeting tumors in real-time. In an MRI-LINAC system, a set of split gradient coils is employed to produce orthogonal gradient fields for spatial signal encoding. Owing to this unconventional gradient configuration, eddy currents induced by switching gradient coils on and off may be of particular concern. It is expected that strong intra-coil interactions in the set will be present due to the constrained return paths, leading to potential degradation of the gradient field linearity and image distortion. In this study, a series of gradient coils with different track widths have been designed and analyzed to investigate the electromagnetic interactions between coils in a split gradient set. A driving current, with frequencies from 100 Hz to 10 kHz, was applied to study the inductive coupling effects with respect to conductor geometry and operating frequency. It was found that the eddy currents induced in the un-energized coils (hereby-referred to as passive coils) positively correlated with track width and frequency. The magnetic field induced by the eddy currents in the passive coils with wide tracks was several times larger than that induced by eddy currents in the cold shield of cryostat. The power loss in the passive coils increased with the track width. Therefore, intra-coil interactions should be included in the coil design and analysis process.

  5. Megagauss Fields during Milliseconds

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Campbell, L. J.; Embury, D.; Han, K.; Parkin, D. M.; Baca, A. G.; Kihara, K. H.; Sims, J. R.; Boebinger, G.; Eyssa, Y.; Lesch, B.; Li, L.; Schillig, J.; Schneider-Muntau, H.; Walsh, R.

    2004-11-01

    A non-destructive, one megagauss magnet is now being designed in cooperation between the Los Alamos National Laboratory and the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) through joint funding by the US Department of Energy and the US National Science Foundation. The design combines two types of pulsed magnet now in use at the NHMFL: a capacitor-driven `insert' magnet with a total pulse width of order 10 ms and a much larger `outsert' magnet with a total pulse width of order 2 seconds that is driven by a controlled power source. The insert and outsert produce approximately 1/2 megagauss each. Although the design uses CuAg as the principal conductor, further design efforts and materials development involve exploring CuNb and stainless steel-clad copper as possible future alternatives. A crucial innovation employed wound steel strip (sheet) as reinforcement in both insert and outsert coils. This gives extra strength due to the higher degree of cold-work possible in strip materials. A key role is played by materials development for this leading edge magnet. A major component, the 7-module, 560 MVA controlled dc power supply required for the outsert has been installed and commissioned.

  6. Thermal conductor for high-energy electrochemical cells

    DOEpatents

    Hoffman, Joseph A.; Domroese, Michael K.; Lindeman, David D.; Radewald, Vern E.; Rouillard, Roger; Trice, Jennifer L.

    2000-01-01

    A thermal conductor for use with an electrochemical energy storage device is disclosed. The thermal conductor is attached to one or both of the anode and cathode contacts of an electrochemical cell. A resilient portion of the conductor varies in height or position to maintain contact between the conductor and an adjacent wall structure of a containment vessel in response to relative movement between the conductor and the wall structure. The thermal conductor conducts current into and out of the electrochemical cell and conducts thermal energy between the electrochemical cell and thermally conductive and electrically resistive material disposed between the conductor and the wall structure. The thermal conductor may be fabricated to include a resilient portion having one of a substantially C-shaped, double C-shaped, Z-shaped, V-shaped, O-shaped, S-shaped, or finger-shaped cross-section. An elastomeric spring element may be configured so as to be captured by the resilient conductor for purposes of enhancing the functionality of the thermal conductor. The spring element may include a protrusion that provides electrical insulation between the spring conductor and a spring conductor of an adjacently disposed electrochemical cell in the presence of relative movement between the cells and the wall structure. The thermal conductor may also be fabricated from a sheet of electrically conductive material and affixed to the contacts of a number of electrochemical cells.

  7. Segmented saddle-shaped passive stabilization conductors for toroidal plasmas

    DOEpatents

    Leuer, James A.

    1990-05-01

    A large toroidal vacuum chamber for plasma generation and confinement is lined with a toroidal blanket for shielding using modules segmented in the toroidal direction. To provide passive stabilization in the same manner as a conductive vacuum chamber wall, saddle-shaped conductor loops are provided on blanket modules centered on a midplane of the toroidal chamber with horizontal conductive bars above and below the midplane, and vertical conductive legs on opposite sides of each module to provide return current paths between the upper and lower horizontal conductive bars. The close proximity of the vertical legs provided on adjacent modules without making physical contact cancel the electromagnetic field of adjacent vertical legs. The conductive bars spaced equally above and below the midplane simulate toroidal conductive loops or hoops that are continuous, for vertical stabilization of the plasma even though they are actually segmented.

  8. 46 CFR 111.05-31 - Grounding conductors for systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Grounding conductors for systems. 111.05-31 Section 111... Grounding conductors for systems. (a) A conductor for grounding a direct-current system must be the larger of: (1) The largest conductor supplying the system; or (2) No. 8 AWG (8.4mm2). (b) A conductor for...

  9. 46 CFR 111.05-31 - Grounding conductors for systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Grounding conductors for systems. 111.05-31 Section 111... Grounding conductors for systems. (a) A conductor for grounding a direct-current system must be the larger of: (1) The largest conductor supplying the system; or (2) No. 8 AWG (8.4mm2). (b) A conductor for...

  10. Semi-flexible gas-insulated transmission line using electric field stress shields

    DOEpatents

    Cookson, A.H.; Dale, S.J.; Bolin, P.C.

    1982-12-28

    A gas-insulated transmission line includes an outer sheath, an inner conductor, an insulating gas electrically insulating the inner conductor from the outer sheath, and insulating supports insulatably supporting the inner conductor within the outer sheath. The inner conductor is provided with flexibility by use of main conductor sections which are joined together through a conductor hub section and flexible flexing elements. Stress shields are provided to control the electric field at the locations of the conductor hub sections where the insulating supports are contacting the inner conductor. The flexing elements and the stress shields may also be utilized in connection with a plug and socket arrangement for providing electrical connection between main conductor sections. 10 figs.

  11. Induction heaters used to heat subsurface formations

    DOEpatents

    Nguyen, Scott Vinh [Houston, TX; Bass, Ronald M [Houston, TX

    2012-04-24

    A heating system for a subsurface formation includes an elongated electrical conductor located in the subsurface formation. The electrical conductor extends between at least a first electrical contact and a second electrical contact. A ferromagnetic conductor at least partially surrounds and at least partially extends lengthwise around the electrical conductor. The electrical conductor, when energized with time-varying electrical current, induces sufficient electrical current flow in the ferromagnetic conductor such that the ferromagnetic conductor resistively heats to a temperature of at least about 300.degree. C.

  12. KSC-2011-5310

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-07-08

    CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Launch controllers wave their STS-135 shuttle launch team member flags and cheer in Firing Room 4 of the Launch Control Center following the successful launch of space shuttle Atlantis from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. In the foreground, from left, are NASA Test Directors Charlie Blackwell-Thompson, Jeremy Graeber, and Jeff Spaulding; Orbiter Test Conductor Roberta Wyrick; and Assistant Orbiter Test Conductor Laurie Sally. Atlantis began its final flight, the STS-135 mission to the International Space Station, at 11:29 a.m. EDT on July 8. STS-135 will deliver the Raffaello multi-purpose logistics module packed with supplies and spare parts for the International Space Station. Atlantis also is flying the Robotic Refueling Mission experiment that will investigate the potential for robotically refueling existing satellites in orbit. In addition, Atlantis will return with a failed ammonia pump module to help NASA better understand the failure mechanism and improve pump designs for future systems. STS-135 is the 33rd flight of Atlantis, the 37th shuttle mission to the space station, and the 135th and final mission of NASA's Space Shuttle Program. For more information, visit www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts135/index.html. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

  13. KSC-2010-5880

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2010-12-17

    CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Team members stationed at consoles in the Launch Control Center at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida monitor space shuttle Discovery's external fuel tank as it is loaded with more than 535,000 gallons of cryogenic propellants. From back, are Assistant Launch Orbiter Test Conductor Mark Taffet, Launch Orbiter Test Conductor John Kracsun, STS-133 NASA Test Director Steve Payne, NASA Commentator Allard Beutel, NASA Test Director Jeremy Graeber and STS-133 Assistant NASA Test Director Jeff Spaulding. During today's tanking test, the team is paying particular attention to the external tank's ribbed intertank region. Beginning tomorrow, engineers will evaluate data on 21-foot-long, U-shaped aluminum brackets, called stringers, and the newly replaced ground umbilical carrier plate (GUCP). Discovery's first launch attempt for STS-133 was scrubbed in early November due to a hydrogen gas leak at the GUCP. In order to perform additional analysis on the tank, Discovery will be rolled back to the Vehicle Assembly Building, a move that is planned for next week. The next launch opportunity is no earlier than Feb. 3, 2011. For more information on STS-133, visit www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts133/. Photo credit: NASA/Cory Huston

  14. Method for making conductors for ferrite memory arrays. [from pre-formed metal conductors

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Heckler, C. H.; Baba, P. D.; Bhiwandker, N. C. (Inventor)

    1974-01-01

    The ferrite memory arrays are made from pre-formed metal conductors for the ferrite arrays. The conductors are made by forming a thin sheet of a metallizing paste of metal alloy powder, drying the paste layer, bisque firing the dried sheet at a first temperature, and then punching the conductors from the fired sheet. During the bisque firing, the conductor sheet shrinks to 58 percent of its pre-fired volume and the alloy particles sinter together. The conductors are embedded in ferrite sheet material and finally fired at a second higher temperature during which firing the conductors shrink approximately the same degree as the ferrite material.

  15. AC loss, interstrand resistance and mechanical properties of prototype EU DEMO TF conductors up to 30 000 load cycles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yagotintsev, K.; Nijhuis, A.

    2018-07-01

    Two prototype Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit conductors conductors were designed and manufactured for the toroidal field (TF) magnet system of the envisaged European DEMO fusion reactor. The AC loss, contact resistance and mechanical properties of two sample conductors were tested in the Twente Cryogenic Cable Press under cyclic load up to 30 000 cycles. Though both conductors were designed to operate at 82 kA in a background magnetic field of 13.6 T, they reflect different approaches with respect to the magnet winding pack assembly. The first approach is based on react and wind technology while the second is the more common wind and react technology. Each conductor was tested first for AC loss in virgin condition without handling. The impact of Lorentz load during magnet operation was simulated using the cable press. In the press each conductor specimen was subjected to transverse cyclic load up to 30 000 cycles in liquid helium bath at 4.2 K. Here a summary of results for AC loss, contact resistance, conductor deformation, mechanical heat production and conductor stiffness evolution during cycling of the load is presented. Both conductors showed similar mechanical behaviour but quite different AC loss. In comparison with previously tested ITER TF conductors, both DEMO TF conductors possess very low contact resistance resulting in high coupling loss. At the same time, load cycling has limited impact on properties of DEMO TF conductors in comparison with ITER TF conductors.

  16. Roebel assembled coated conductor cables (RACC): Ac-Losses and current carrying potential

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Frank, A.; Heller, R.; Goldacker, W.; Kling, A.; Schmidt, C.

    2008-02-01

    Low ac-loss HTS cables for transport currents well above 1 kA are required for application in transformers and generators and are taken into consideration for future generations of fusion reactor coils. Coated conductors (CC) are suitable candidates for high field application at an operation temperature in the range 50-77 K. Ac-field applications require cables with low ac-losses and hence twisting of the individual strands. We solved this problem using the Roebel technique. Short lengths of Roebel bar cables were prepared from industrial DyBCO and YBCO-CC. Meander shaped tapes of 4 or 5 mm width with twist pitches of 123 or 127 mm were cut from the 10 or 12 mm wide CC tapes using a specially designed tool. Eleven or twelve of these strands were assembled to a cable. The electrical and mechanical connection of the tapes was achieved using a silver powder filled conductive epoxy resin. Ac-losses of a short sample in an external ac-field were measured as a function of frequency and field amplitude as well as the coupling current decay time constant. We discuss the results in terms of available theories and compare measured time constants in transverse field with measured coupling losses. Finally the potential of this cable type for ac-use is discussed with respect to ac-losses and current carrying capability.

  17. Design of the 1.5 MW, 30-96 MHz ultra-wideband 3 dB high power hybrid coupler for Ion Cyclotron Resonance Frequency (ICRF) heating in fusion grade reactor

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Yadav, Rana Pratap, E-mail: ranayadav97@gmail.com; Kumar, Sunil; Kulkarni, S. V.

    2016-01-15

    Design and developmental procedure of strip-line based 1.5 MW, 30-96 MHz, ultra-wideband high power 3 dB hybrid coupler has been presented and its applicability in ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) in tokamak is discussed. For the high power handling capability, spacing between conductors and ground need to very high. Hence other structural parameters like strip-width, strip thickness coupling gap, and junction also become large which can be gone upto optimum limit where various constrains like fabrication tolerance, discontinuities, and excitation of higher TE and TM modes become prominent and significantly deteriorates the desired parameters of the coupled lines system. Inmore » designed hybrid coupler, two 8.34 dB coupled lines are connected in tandem to get desired coupling of 3 dB and air is used as dielectric. The spacing between ground and conductors are taken as 0.164 m for 1.5 MW power handling capability. To have the desired spacing, each of 8.34 dB segments are designed with inner dimension of 3.6 × 1.0 × 40 cm where constraints have been significantly realized, compensated, and applied in designing of 1.5 MW hybrid coupler and presented in paper.« less

  18. Testing of the 3M Company Composite Conductor

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Stovall, John P; Rizy, D Tom; Kisner, Roger A

    2010-10-01

    The 3M Company has developed a high-temperature low-sag conductor referred to as Aluminum-Conductor Composite-Reinforced or ACCR. The conductor uses an aluminum metal matrix material to replace the steel in conventional conductors. The objective of this work is to accelerate the commercial acceptance by electric utilities of this new conductor design by testing four representative conductor classes in controlled conditions. A unique facility called the Powerline Conductor Accelerated Testing (PCAT) Facility was built at ORNL for testing overhead conductors. The PCAT has been uniquely designed for testing overhead bare transmission line conductors at high currents and temperatures after they have beenmore » installed and tensioned to the manufacturer's specifications. The ability to operate a transmission line conductor in this manner does not exist elsewhere in the United States. Four classes of ACCR cable designed by the 3M Company have been successfully test at ORNL small, medium, large and small/compact. Based on these and other manufacturer tests, the 3M Company has successfully introduced the ACCR into the commercial market and has completed over twenty installations for utility companies.« less

  19. 30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart D of... - Appendix I to Subpart D of Part 18

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... diameter of three-conductor portable power cables with tolerances in inches—601 to 5,000 volts. 8 Fuse... diameters. Table 1—Portable Power Cable Ampacities—600 Volts (Amperes Per Conductor Based on 60 °C. Copper Temperature—40 °C. Ambient) Conductor size—AWG or MCM Single conductor 2-conductor, round or flat 3-conductor...

  20. 30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart D of... - Appendix I to Subpart D of Part 18

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... diameter of three-conductor portable power cables with tolerances in inches—601 to 5,000 volts. 8 Fuse... diameters. Table 1—Portable Power Cable Ampacities—600 Volts (Amperes Per Conductor Based on 60 °C. Copper Temperature—40 °C. Ambient) Conductor size—AWG or MCM Single conductor 2-conductor, round or flat 3-conductor...

  1. High temperature superconducting YBCO microwave filters

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aghabagheri, S.; Rasti, M.; Mohammadizadeh, M. R.; Kameli, P.; Salamati, H.; Mohammadpour-Aghdam, K.; Faraji-Dana, R.

    2018-06-01

    Epitaxial thin films of YBCO high temperature superconductor are widely used in telecommunication technology such as microwave filter, antenna, coupler and etc., due to their lower surface resistance and lower microwave loss than their normal conductor counterparts. Thin films of YBCO were fabricated by PLD technique on LAO substrate. Transition temperature and width were 88 K and 3 K, respectively. A filter pattern was designed and implemented by wet photolithography method on the films. Characterization of the filter at 77 K has been compared with the simulation results and the results for a made gold filter. Both YBCO and gold filters show high microwave loss. For YBCO filter, the reason may be due to the improper contacts on the feedlines and for gold filter, low thickness of the gold film has caused the loss increased.

  2. 16 CFR 1205.6 - Warning label for reel-type and rotary power mowers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... cutting width of the blade as possible. However, in the absence of a suitable mounting surface near the center of the cutting width, the label shall be placed on the nearest suitable mounting surface to the...

  3. Metallographic autopsies of full-scale ITER prototype cable-in-conduit conductors after full cyclic testing in SULTAN: III. The importance of strand surface roughness in long twist pitch conductors

    DOE PAGES

    Sanabria, Charlie; Lee, Peter J.; Starch, William; ...

    2016-05-31

    As part of the ITER conductor qualification process, 3 m long Cable-in-Conduit Conductors (CICCs) were tested at the SULTAN facility under conditions simulating ITER operation so as to establish the current sharing temperature, T cs, as a function of multiple full Lorentz force loading cycles. After a comprehensive evaluation of both the Toroidal Field (TF) and the Central Solenoid (CS) conductors, it was found that T cs degradation was common in long twist pitch TF conductors while short twist pitch CS conductors showed some T cs increase. However, one kind of TF conductors containing superconducting strand fabricated by the Bochvarmore » Institute of Inorganic Materials (VNIINM) avoided T cs degradation despite having long twist pitch. In our earlier metallographic autopsies of long and short twist pitch CS conductors, we observed a substantially greater transverse strand movement under Lorentz force loading for long twist pitch conductors, while short twist pitch conductors had negligible transverse movement. With help from the literature, we concluded that the transverse movement was not the source of T cs degradation but rather an increase of the compressive strain in the Nb 3Sn filaments possibly induced by longitudinal movement of the wires. Like all TF conductors this TF VNIINM conductor showed large transverse motions under Lorentz force loading, but Tcs actually increased, as in all short twist pitch CS conductors. We here propose that the high surface roughness of the VNIINM strand may be responsible for the suppression of the compressive strain enhancement (characteristic of long twist pitch conductors). Furthermore, it appears that increasing strand surface roughness could improve the performance of long twist pitch CICCs.« less

  4. Metallographic autopsies of full-scale ITER prototype cable-in-conduit conductors after full cyclic testing in SULTAN: III. The importance of strand surface roughness in long twist pitch conductors

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sanabria, Charlie; Lee, Peter J.; Starch, William

    As part of the ITER conductor qualification process, 3 m long Cable-in-Conduit Conductors (CICCs) were tested at the SULTAN facility under conditions simulating ITER operation so as to establish the current sharing temperature, T cs, as a function of multiple full Lorentz force loading cycles. After a comprehensive evaluation of both the Toroidal Field (TF) and the Central Solenoid (CS) conductors, it was found that T cs degradation was common in long twist pitch TF conductors while short twist pitch CS conductors showed some T cs increase. However, one kind of TF conductors containing superconducting strand fabricated by the Bochvarmore » Institute of Inorganic Materials (VNIINM) avoided T cs degradation despite having long twist pitch. In our earlier metallographic autopsies of long and short twist pitch CS conductors, we observed a substantially greater transverse strand movement under Lorentz force loading for long twist pitch conductors, while short twist pitch conductors had negligible transverse movement. With help from the literature, we concluded that the transverse movement was not the source of T cs degradation but rather an increase of the compressive strain in the Nb 3Sn filaments possibly induced by longitudinal movement of the wires. Like all TF conductors this TF VNIINM conductor showed large transverse motions under Lorentz force loading, but Tcs actually increased, as in all short twist pitch CS conductors. We here propose that the high surface roughness of the VNIINM strand may be responsible for the suppression of the compressive strain enhancement (characteristic of long twist pitch conductors). Furthermore, it appears that increasing strand surface roughness could improve the performance of long twist pitch CICCs.« less

  5. Design of a Wireless Sensor Module for Monitoring Conductor Galloping of Transmission Lines.

    PubMed

    Huang, Xinbo; Zhao, Long; Chen, Guimin

    2016-10-09

    Conductor galloping may cause flashovers and even tower collapses. The available conductor galloping monitoring methods often employ acceleration sensors to measure the conductor translations without considering the conductor twist. In this paper, a new sensor for monitoring conductor galloping of transmission lines based on an inertial measurement unit and wireless communication is proposed. An inertial measurement unit is used for collecting the accelerations and angular rates of a conductor, which are further transformed into the corresponding geographic coordinate frame using a quaternion transformation to reconstruct the galloping of the conductor. Both the hardware design and the software design are described in details. The corresponding test platforms are established, and the experiments show the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed monitoring sensor. The field operation of the proposed sensor in a conductor spanning 734 m also shows its effectiveness.

  6. 30 CFR 57.12011 - High-potential electrical conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false High-potential electrical conductors. 57.12011... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12011 High-potential electrical conductors. High-potential electrical conductors shall be covered, insulated, or placed to prevent contact with low potential conductors. ...

  7. 33 CFR 183.445 - Conductors: Protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Conductors: Protection. 183.445 Section 183.445 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED... Conductors: Protection. (a) Each conductor or group of conductors that passes through a bulkhead, structural...

  8. 33 CFR 183.445 - Conductors: Protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Conductors: Protection. 183.445 Section 183.445 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED... Conductors: Protection. (a) Each conductor or group of conductors that passes through a bulkhead, structural...

  9. 33 CFR 159.71 - Electrical controls and conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... conductors. 159.71 Section 159.71 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... Electrical controls and conductors. Electrical controls and conductors must be installed in accordance with good marine practice. Wire must be copper and must be stranded. Electrical controls and conductors must...

  10. 30 CFR 57.12004 - Electrical conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Electrical conductors. 57.12004 Section 57... Surface and Underground § 57.12004 Electrical conductors. Electrical conductors shall be of a sufficient... operations will not damage the insulating materials. Electrical conductors exposed to mechanical damage shall...

  11. 33 CFR 159.71 - Electrical controls and conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... conductors. 159.71 Section 159.71 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... Electrical controls and conductors. Electrical controls and conductors must be installed in accordance with good marine practice. Wire must be copper and must be stranded. Electrical controls and conductors must...

  12. 30 CFR 57.12011 - High-potential electrical conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false High-potential electrical conductors. 57.12011... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12011 High-potential electrical conductors. High-potential electrical conductors shall be covered, insulated, or placed to prevent contact with low potential conductors. ...

  13. 30 CFR 57.12004 - Electrical conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Electrical conductors. 57.12004 Section 57... Surface and Underground § 57.12004 Electrical conductors. Electrical conductors shall be of a sufficient... operations will not damage the insulating materials. Electrical conductors exposed to mechanical damage shall...

  14. 30 CFR 57.12004 - Electrical conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Electrical conductors. 57.12004 Section 57... Surface and Underground § 57.12004 Electrical conductors. Electrical conductors shall be of a sufficient... operations will not damage the insulating materials. Electrical conductors exposed to mechanical damage shall...

  15. Clinical evaluation of a thin bipolar pacing lead.

    PubMed

    Breivik, K; Danilovic, D; Ohm, O J; Guerola, M; Stertman, W A; Suntinger, A

    1997-03-01

    The main disadvantages of bipolar pacing leads have traditionally been related to their relative thickness and stiffness compared to unipolar leads. In a new "drawn filled tube" plus "coated wire" technology, each conductor strand is composed of MP35N tubing filled with silver core and coated with a thin ETFE polymer insulation material. This and parallel winding of single anode and cathode conductors into a single bifilar coil resulted in a bipolar lead (ThinLine, Intermedics) with a body diameter and flexibility similar to unipolar leads. The lead is tined, polyurethane, with the cathode and the anode made of iridium-oxide-coated titanium (IROX). The slotted 8-mm2 cathode tip is coated with polyethylene glycol, a blood soluble material. We present the clinical evaluation results from four pacemaker clinics, where 47 leads (23 atrial-J model 432-04 and 24 ventricular model 430-10) were implanted in 25 patients and followed for up to 2 years. The lead handling characteristics were found to be very satisfactory. Electrical parameters of the leads were measured at implant and noninvasively on postoperative days 1, 2, 21, 42, and months 3, 6, 12, and 24. Mean chronic pulse width thresholds at 2.5 V were 0.14 +/- 0.05 ms in the atrium and 0.10 +/- 0.02 ms in the ventricle, pacing impedances 443 +/- 104 omega and 520 +/- 241 omega, while median electrogram amplitudes were > or = 3.5 mV and > or = 7 mV, respectively. Pacing impedances and thresholds were found to be slightly but statistically significantly higher in unipolar than in bipolar configuration--the findings are explainable by the lead construction. One of 47 leads failed 3 weeks after implant; the conductors were short circuited due to an error during the manufacturing process. We conclude that the new lead thus far has demonstrated appropriate mechanical and electrical characteristics.

  16. Design, development, fabrication and testing of high temperature Flat Conductor Cable (FCC)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rigling, W. S.

    1974-01-01

    The results are presented of a development program for a flat, 25-conductor signal cable and a flat, 3-conductor power cable. Flat cables employ conductors made of strips or flattened round copper conductors insulated with polyimide films. It is shown that conductor thickness ranges from 0.003 to 0.010 inch, and begins to soften and loose mechanical strength at temperatures above 200 C.

  17. Application of the parametric proper generalized decomposition to the frequency-dependent calculation of the impedance of an AC line with rectangular conductors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sancarlos-González, Abel; Pineda-Sanchez, Manuel; Puche-Panadero, Ruben; Sapena-Bano, Angel; Riera-Guasp, Martin; Martinez-Roman, Javier; Perez-Cruz, Juan; Roger-Folch, Jose

    2017-12-01

    AC lines of industrial busbar systems are usually built using conductors with rectangular cross sections, where each phase can have several parallel conductors to carry high currents. The current density in a rectangular conductor, under sinusoidal conditions, is not uniform. It depends on the frequency, on the conductor shape, and on the distance between conductors, due to the skin effect and to proximity effects. Contrary to circular conductors, there are not closed analytical formulas for obtaining the frequency-dependent impedance of conductors with rectangular cross-section. It is necessary to resort to numerical simulations to obtain the resistance and the inductance of the phases, one for each desired frequency and also for each distance between the phases' conductors. On the contrary, the use of the parametric proper generalized decomposition (PGD) allows to obtain the frequency-dependent impedance of an AC line for a wide range of frequencies and distances between the phases' conductors by solving a single simulation in a 4D domain (spatial coordinates x and y, the frequency and the separation between conductors). In this way, a general "virtual chart" solution is obtained, which contains the solution for any frequency and for any separation of the conductors, and stores it in a compact separated representations form, which can be easily embedded on a more general software for the design of electrical installations. The approach presented in this work for rectangular conductors can be easily extended to conductors with an arbitrary shape.

  18. 24 CFR 3280.815 - Polarization.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ...) The identified (white) conductor shall be employed for grounding circuit conductors only and shall be... unswitched wire in switched circuits, except that a cable containing an identified conductor (white) shall be... unidentified conductor is the return conductor from the switch to the outlet. Painting of the terminal end of...

  19. 46 CFR 169.683 - Overcurrent protection, general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... provided for each ungrounded conductor for the purpose of opening the electric circuit if the current reaches a value that causes an excessive or dangerous temperature in the conductor or conductor insulation... ungrounded conductors of the circuit simultaneously. (c) Each conductor, including a generator lead and shore...

  20. 24 CFR 3280.815 - Polarization.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...) The identified (white) conductor shall be employed for grounding circuit conductors only and shall be... unswitched wire in switched circuits, except that a cable containing an identified conductor (white) shall be... unidentified conductor is the return conductor from the switch to the outlet. Painting of the terminal end of...

  1. Experimental design of laminar proportional amplifiers

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hellbaum, R. F.

    1976-01-01

    An experimental program was initiated at Langley Research Center to study the effects of various parameters on the design of laminar proportional beam deflection amplifiers. Matching and staging of amplifiers to obtain high-pressure gain was also studied. Variable parameters were aspect ratio, setback, control length, receiver distance, receiver width, width of center vent, and bias pressure levels. Usable pressure gains from 4 to 19 per stage can now be achieved, and five amplifiers were staged together to yield pressure gains up to 2,000,000.

  2. Oral Health

    MedlinePlus

    ... gov/widgets/fahc.html" width="243" height="179" title="Find a Health Center Widget" ... Atkinson, D.D.S., Chief, Center for Clinical Research, Division of Extramural Research, National Institute of Dental ...

  3. 30 CFR 56.12005 - Protection of power conductors from mobile equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Protection of power conductors from mobile... MINES Electricity § 56.12005 Protection of power conductors from mobile equipment. Mobile equipment shall not run over power conductors, nor shall loads be dragged over power conductors, unless the...

  4. An Exploratory Comparison of Novice, Intermediate, and Expert Orchestral Conductors

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bergee, Martin J.

    2005-01-01

    This study compared novice, "intermediate" (graduate student), and expert orchestral conductors. Two novice conductors, one graduate student in orchestral conducting, and one expert conductor led a university symphony orchestra in part of the first movement of Brahms's Symphony No. 2. Wired for sound, conductors attempted to verbalize their…

  5. 30 CFR 56.12005 - Protection of power conductors from mobile equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Protection of power conductors from mobile... MINES Electricity § 56.12005 Protection of power conductors from mobile equipment. Mobile equipment shall not run over power conductors, nor shall loads be dragged over power conductors, unless the...

  6. Electro-expulsive separation system

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Haslim, Leonard A. (Inventor); Lee, Robert D. (Inventor)

    1987-01-01

    An electro-expulsive system has one or more overlapped conductors, each comprising a flexible ribbon conductor, which is folded back on itself. The conductors are embedded in an elastomeric material. Large current pulses are fed to the conductors from power storage units. As a result of the antiparallel currents, the opposed segments of a conductor are forcefully separated and the elastomeric material is distended. Voids in the elastomer aid the separation of the conductor segments. The distention is almost instantaneous when a current pulse reaches the conductor and the distention tends to remove any solid body on the surface of the elastomeric material.

  7. Multifilamentary niobium tin magnet conductors

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Larbalestier, D.C.; Madsen, P.E.; Lee, J.A.

    1975-03-01

    Practical magnet conductors of multifilamentary Nb$sub 3$Sn have been produced. Evaluation of these bronze route conductors is described. Conductors studied range from a 1369 filament all-bronze matrix conductor to 5143 and approximately 42,000 filament conductors, containing internal high purity copper protected by diffusion barriers. Filament sizes vary from approximately 3 to 8 $mu$m diameter. The effect of heat treatment conditions on critical current and transition temperature is presented and it is shown that overall critical current densities greater than those available in niobium titanium can now be produced in multifilamentary Nb$sub 3$Sn magnet conductor.

  8. Diamagnetic composite material structure for reducing undesired electromagnetic interference and eddy currents in dielectric wall accelerators and other devices

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Caporaso, George J.; Poole, Brian R.; Hawkins, Steven A.

    2015-06-30

    The devices, systems and techniques disclosed here can be used to reduce undesired effects by magnetic field induced eddy currents based on a diamagnetic composite material structure including diamagnetic composite sheets that are separated from one another to provide a high impedance composite material structure. In some implementations, each diamagnetic composite sheet includes patterned conductor layers are separated by a dielectric material and each patterned conductor layer includes voids and conductor areas. The voids in the patterned conductor layers of each diamagnetic composite sheet are arranged to be displaced in position from one patterned conductor layer to an adjacent patternedmore » conductor layer while conductor areas of the patterned conductor layers collectively form a contiguous conductor structure in each diamagnetic composite sheet to prevent penetration by a magnetic field.« less

  9. Coupling time constants of striated and copper-plated coated conductors and the potential of striation to reduce shielding-current-induced fields in pancake coils

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Amemiya, Naoyuki; Tominaga, Naoki; Toyomoto, Ryuki; Nishimoto, Takuma; Sogabe, Yusuke; Yamano, Satoshi; Sakamoto, Hisaki

    2018-07-01

    The shielding-current-induced field is a serious concern for the applications of coated conductors to magnets. The striation of the coated conductor is one of the countermeasures, but it is effective only after the decay of the coupling current, which is characterised with the coupling time constant. In a non-twisted striated coated conductor, the coupling time constant is determined primarily by its length and the transverse resistance between superconductor filaments, because the coupling current could flow along its entire length. We measured and numerically calculated the frequency dependences of magnetisation losses in striated and copper-plated coated conductors with various lengths and their stacks at 77 K and determined their coupling time constants. Stacked conductors simulate the turns of a conductor wound into a pancake coil. Coupling time constants are proportional to the square of the conductor length. Stacking striated coated conductors increases the coupling time constants because the coupling currents in stacked conductors are coupled to one another magnetically to increase the mutual inductances for the coupling current paths. We carried out the numerical electromagnetic field analysis of conductors wound into pancake coils and determined their coupling time constants. They can be explained by the length dependence and mutual coupling effect observed in stacked straight conductors. Even in pancake coils with practical numbers of turns, i.e. conductor lengths, the striation is effective to reduce the shielding-current-induced fields for some dc applications.

  10. Segmented saddle-shaped passive stabilization conductors for toroidal plasmas

    DOEpatents

    Leuer, J.A.

    1990-05-01

    A large toroidal vacuum chamber for plasma generation and confinement is lined with a toroidal blanket for shielding using modules segmented in the toroidal direction. To provide passive stabilization in the same manner as a conductive vacuum chamber wall, saddle-shaped conductor loops are provided on blanket modules centered on a midplane of the toroidal chamber with horizontal conductive bars above and below the midplane, and vertical conductive legs on opposite sides of each module to provide return current paths between the upper and lower horizontal conductive bars. The close proximity of the vertical legs provided on adjacent modules without making physical contact cancel the electromagnetic field of adjacent vertical legs. The conductive bars spaced equally above and below the midplane simulate toroidal conductive loops or hoops that are continuous, for vertical stabilization of the plasma even though they are actually segmented. 5 figs.

  11. The protection of photovoltaic power systems from lightning

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rogers, C. B.

    Lightning protection techniques at nine prototype photovoltaic power system sites with outputs from 18-225 kW are described. Noting that protection schemes are devised to fit isokeraunic data for specific sites, grounding is cited as a common feature for all systems. The grounds are, in separate instances, connected to junction boxes, frames of the solar cell panels, lead from the dc center, from the dc negative terminal, from the frames and equipment, at the array turntable, or from the building rebar frames. The dc power cables are protected by either metal conduit, metal conduit ground wire, direct burial, by rigid metal conduit, ground conductors, or by ground conductors at the ends of the conduit run. Costs run from 0.01-0.28$/W, with all the systems outfitted with bypass and blocking diodes. Direct stroke protection is viewed as less important than isokeraunic data.

  12. Na Diffusion in Quasi One-Dimensional Ion Conductor NaMn2O4 Observed by μ+SR

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Umegaki, Izumi; Nozaki, Hiroshi; Harada, Masashi; Månsson, Martin; Sakurai, Hiroya; Kawasaki, Ikuto; Watanabe, Isao; Sugiyama, Jun

    A quasi one-dimensional (1D) compound, NaMn2O4, in which Mn2O4 zigzag chains form a 1D channel along the b-axis and Na ions locate at the center of the channel, is thought to be a good Na ionic conductor. In order to study Na-ion diffusion, we have measured μ+SR spectra using a powder sample in the temperature range between 100 and 500 K. A diffusive behavior was clearly observed above 325 K. Assuming a thermal activate process for jump diffusion of Na-ion between two nearest neighboring sites, a self diffusion coefficient of Na ion (DNa) and its activation energy (Ea) were estimated as DNa = (3.1 ± 0.2) × 10 - 11 cm2/s at 350 K and Ea = 180(9) meV.

  13. Analysis of current distribution in a large superconductor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hamajima, Takataro; Alamgir, A. K. M.; Harada, Naoyuki; Tsuda, Makoto; Ono, Michitaka; Takano, Hirohisa

    An imbalanced current distribution which is often observed in cable-in-conduit (CIC) superconductors composed of multistaged, triplet type sub-cables, can deteriorate the performance of the coils. It is, hence very important to analyze the current distribution in a superconductor and find out methods to realize a homogeneous current distribution in the conductor. We apply magnetic flux conservation in a loop contoured by electric center lines of filaments in two arbitrary strands located on adjacent layers in a coaxial multilayer superconductor, and thereby analyze the current distribution in the conductor. A generalized formula governing the current distribution can be described as explicit functions of the superconductor construction parameters, such as twist pitch, twist direction and radius of individual layer. We numerically analyze a homogeneous current distribution as a function of the twist pitches of layers, using the fundamental formula. Moreover, it is demonstrated that we can control current distribution in the coaxial superconductor.

  14. Ultra-Low Heat-Leak, High-Temperature Superconducting Current Leads for Space Applications

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rey, Christopher M.

    2013-01-01

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has a need for current leads used in an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) for space applications. These leads must comply with stringent requirements such as a heat leak of approximately 100 W or less while conducting up to 10 A of electric current, from more than 90 K down to 10 K. Additionally, a length constraint of < 300 mm length and < 50 mm diameter is to be maintained. The need for these current leads was addressed by developing a superconducting hybrid lead. This hybrid lead comprises two different high-temperature superconducting (HTS) conductors bonded together at a thermally and electrically determined optimum point along the length of the current lead. By taking advantage of material properties of each conductor type, employing advanced fabrication techniques, and taking advantage of novel insulation materials, the company was able to develop and fabricate the lightweight, low heat-leak leads currently to NASA's specs.

  15. Persistent Spin Current in a Hard-Wall Confining Quantum Wire with Weak Dresselhaus Spin-Orbit Coupling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fu, Xi; Zhou, Guang-Hui

    2009-02-01

    We investigate theoretically the spin current in a quantum wire with weak Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling connected to two normal conductors. Both the quantum wire and conductors are described by a hard-wall confining potential. Using the electron wave-functions in the quantum wire and a new definition of spin current, we have calculated the elements of linear spin current density js,xiT and js,yiT (i = x, y, z). We find that the elements jTs,xx and jTs,yy have a antisymmetrical relation and the element jTs,yz has the same amount level as js,xxT and js,yyT. We also find a net linear spin current density, which has peaks at the center of quantum wire. The net linear spin current can induce a linear electric field, which may imply a way of spin current detection.

  16. Present status and strategy of reel-to-reel TFA-MOD process for coated conductors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Izumi, T.; Yoshizumi, M.; Miura, M.; Nakaoka, K.; Ichikawa, Y.; Sutoh, Y.; Miyata, S.; Fukushima, H.; Yamada, Y.; Shiohara, Y.

    2009-10-01

    On the research and development of a reel-to-reel TFA-MOD (Metal Organic Deposition using Trifluoro-acetates) process, a present status is reviewed and its future strategy is addressed. As a base of the study, the 90 m long tape with uniform I c distribution of the 300 A/cm-width level was obtained on the CeO 2 buffered IBAD-Gd 2Zr 2O 7/Hastelloy C276 substrate. The tape has the 56 m region with the end-to-end I c value of 250 A, which corresponds to maximum product of I c × L of 14,000 Am. Based on the results, several directions on R&D have been studied such as “higher I c”, “higher I c- B”, “higher production rate both in coating/calcinations and crystallization steps” and lower cost buffer/substrate”. Then, an extremely high I c value of 735 A/cm-width was achieved in a short tape by the compositional control (e.g. Ba-deficient), in the starting solutions. On the efforts for achieving higher I c- B properties, high I c values of 115 and 35 A/cm-width under the magnetic fields of 1 and 3 T were obtained by the RE mixture of Y and Gd in REBCO, addition of Zr and a growth rate control process. On the other hand, the production rate for the coating/calcinations process was improved by development of new starting solutions, which uses F-free Y salt instead of TFA salt of Y. The high J c value of 1.9 MA/cm 2 was confirmed using the precursor films fabricated at a high traveling rate of 10 m/h. Concerning a higher rate in the crystallization step, the multi-turning system with a vertical gas flow system was developed. The validity of the concept was confirmed using 2-turn parts of the furnace. The high I c value of 250 A/cm-width was realized in the 5 m tape crystallized with a traveling rate of 3 m/h, which is equivalent to 15 m/h for usage of entire area of the furnace of 10-turns. Furthermore, in order to achieve the lower cost, the architecture of the coated conductor with a low cost buffer/substrate system has been developed. An IBAD buffered substrate using IBAD-MgO layer (CeO 2/LMO/IBAD-MgO/Hastelloy C276) was developed and a high production rate of 24 m/h was realized for IBAD-MgO layer using a small ion gun system with the area of 6 × 22 cm 2. The grain texturing of the substrate was reached the Δ ϕ value of 4° in the CeO 2 layer. This substrate was applied to the above mentioned multi-turning crystallization furnace for TFA-MOD process. Then, a 5 m long tape with 260 A/cm-width (@77 K. s.f.) was achieved. According to the TFA-MOD process in the above achievements, the prospects of each issue for the future stage were independently confirmed. Consequently, R&D combining the above-mentioned achievements for longer tapes are expected in the next stage.

  17. CONFINEMENT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE PLASMA

    DOEpatents

    Koenig, H.R.

    1963-05-01

    The confinement of a high temperature plasma in a stellarator in which the magnetic confinement has tended to shift the plasma from the center of the curved, U-shaped end loops is described. Magnetic means are provided for counteracting this tendency of the plasma to be shifted away from the center of the end loops, and in one embodiment this magnetic means is a longitudinally extending magnetic field such as is provided by two sets of parallel conductors bent to follow the U-shaped curvature of the end loops and energized oppositely on the inside and outside of this curvature. (AEC)

  18. 30 CFR 57.12080 - Bare conductor guards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Bare conductor guards. 57.12080 Section 57... Underground Only § 57.12080 Bare conductor guards. Trolley wires and bare power conductors shall be guarded at... conductors are less than 7 feet above the rail, they shall be guarded at all points where persons work or...

  19. 30 CFR 77.804 - High-voltage trailing cables; minimum design requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... equipped with metallic shields around each power conductor with one or more ground conductors having a total cross-sectional area of not less than one-half the power conductor, and with an insulated conductor for the ground continuity check circuit. External ground check conductors may be used if they are...

  20. 30 CFR 57.12080 - Bare conductor guards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Bare conductor guards. 57.12080 Section 57... Underground Only § 57.12080 Bare conductor guards. Trolley wires and bare power conductors shall be guarded at... conductors are less than 7 feet above the rail, they shall be guarded at all points where persons work or...

  1. Conductor load bearing roller for a gas-insulated transmission line having a corrugated outer conductor

    DOEpatents

    Fischer, William H.; Yoon, Kue H.

    1984-04-10

    A gas-insulated transmission line includes a corrugated outer conductor, an inner conductor disposed within and insulated from the outer conductor by means of support insulators and an insulating gas, and a transport device for supporting and permitting movement of the inner conductor/insulating support assembly axially along the corrugated outer conductor without radial displacement. The transport device includes two movable contacts, such as skids or rollers, supported on a common pivot lever, the pivot lever being rotatably disposed about a pivot lever axis, which pivot lever axis is in turn disposed on the periphery of a support insulator or particle trap if one is used. The movable contacts are separated axially a distance equal to the axial distance between the peaks and valleys of the corrugations of the outer conductor and separated radially a distance equal to the radial distance between the peaks and valleys of the corrugations of the outer conductor. The transport device has the pivot lever axis disposed perpendicular to the direction of travel of the inner conductor/insulating support assembly.

  2. Nanoscale electromechanical parametric amplifier

    DOEpatents

    Aleman, Benjamin Jose; Zettl, Alexander

    2016-09-20

    This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to a parametric amplifier. In one aspect, a device includes an electron source electrode, a counter electrode, and a pumping electrode. The electron source electrode may include a conductive base and a flexible conductor. The flexible conductor may have a first end and a second end, with the second end of the flexible conductor being coupled to the conductive base. A cross-sectional dimension of the flexible conductor may be less than about 100 nanometers. The counter electrode may be disposed proximate the first end of the flexible conductor and spaced a first distance from the first end of the flexible conductor. The pumping electrode may be disposed proximate a length of the flexible conductor and spaced a second distance from the flexible conductor.

  3. A Testing Platform for Validation of Overhead Conductor Aging Models and Understanding Thermal Limits

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Irminger, Philip; Starke, Michael R; Dimitrovski, Aleksandar D

    2014-01-01

    Power system equipment manufacturers and researchers continue to experiment with novel overhead electric conductor designs that support better conductor performance and address congestion issues. To address the technology gap in testing these novel designs, Oak Ridge National Laboratory constructed the Powerline Conductor Accelerated Testing (PCAT) facility to evaluate the performance of novel overhead conductors in an accelerated fashion in a field environment. Additionally, PCAT has the capability to test advanced sensors and measurement methods for accessing overhead conductor performance and condition. Equipped with extensive measurement and monitoring devices, PCAT provides a platform to improve/validate conductor computer models and assess themore » performance of novel conductors. The PCAT facility and its testing capabilities are described in this paper.« less

  4. Wireless tamper detection sensor and sensing system

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Woodard, Stanley E. (Inventor); Taylor, Bryant D. (Inventor)

    2011-01-01

    A wireless tamper detection sensor is defined by a perforated electrical conductor. The conductor is shaped to form a geometric pattern between first and second ends thereof such that the conductor defines an open-circuit that can store and transfer electrical and magnetic energy. The conductor resonates in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field to generate a harmonic response. The harmonic response changes when the conductor experiences a change in its geometric pattern due to severing of the conductor along at least a portion of the perforations. A magnetic field response recorder is used to wirelessly transmit the time-varying magnetic field and wirelessly detecting the conductor's harmonic response.

  5. 46 CFR 111.60-4 - Minimum cable conductor size.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Minimum cable conductor size. 111.60-4 Section 111.60-4...-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Wiring Materials and Methods § 111.60-4 Minimum cable conductor size. Each cable conductor must be #18 AWG (0.82 mm2) or larger except— (a) Each power and lighting cable conductor must be...

  6. 46 CFR 111.60-4 - Minimum cable conductor size.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Minimum cable conductor size. 111.60-4 Section 111.60-4...-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Wiring Materials and Methods § 111.60-4 Minimum cable conductor size. Each cable conductor must be #18 AWG (0.82 mm2) or larger except— (a) Each power and lighting cable conductor must be...

  7. Wiring assembly and method of forming a channel in a wiring assembly for receiving conductor and providing separate regions of conductor contact with the channel

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Stelzer, Gerald; Meinke, Rainer; Senti, Mark

    A conductor assembly and method for constructing an assembly of the type which, when conducting current, generates a magnetic field or which, in the presence of a changing magnetic field, induces a voltage. In one embodiment the method provides a first insulative layer tubular in shape and including a surface along which a conductor segment may be positioned. A channel formed in the surface of the insulative layer defines a first conductor path and includes a surface of first contour in cross section along a first plane transverse to the conductor path. A segment of conductor having a surface ofmore » second contour in cross section is positioned at least partly in the channel and extends along the conductor path. Along the first plane, contact between the conductor surface of second contour and the channel surface of first contour includes at least two separate regions of contact.« less

  8. System providing limit switch function with simultaneous absolute position output

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Alhorn, Dean C. (Inventor); Howard, David E. (Inventor); Smith, Dennis A. (Inventor)

    2006-01-01

    A limit and position sensing system includes a sensor assembly and an emitter. The sensor assembly includes first and second electrical conductors arranged in opposing parallel planes. The first electrical conductor is coiled outwardly from either end thereof in a clockwise fashion to form a first coil region and a second coil region. The second electrical conductor forms a single coil with portions of the single coil's rings lying between the first end and second end of the first electrical conductor being parallel to an axis of the first electrical conductor's plane. Ferromagnetic material is aligned with the first and second electrical conductors and spans beyond (a) the first and second ends of the first electrical conductor, and (b) the portions of the rings of the second electrical conductor's single coil that lie between the first end and second end of the first electrical conductor. The emitter is spaced apart from the sensor assembly and transmits a periodic electromagnetic wave towards the sensor assembly.

  9. Bipolar pulse forming line

    DOEpatents

    Rhodes, Mark A.

    2008-10-21

    A bipolar pulse forming transmission line module for linear induction accelerators having first, second, third, fourth, and fifth planar conductors which form an interleaved stack with dielectric layers between the conductors. Each conductor has a first end, and a second end adjacent an acceleration axis. The first and second planar conductors are connected to each other at the second ends, the fourth and fifth planar conductors are connected to each other at the second ends, and the first and fifth planar conductors are connected to each other at the first ends via a shorting plate adjacent the first ends. The third planar conductor is electrically connectable to a high voltage source, and an internal switch functions to short a high voltage from the first end of the third planar conductor to the first end of the fourth planar conductor to produce a bipolar pulse at the acceleration axis with a zero net time integral. Improved access to the switch is enabled by an aperture through the shorting plate and the proximity of the aperture to the switch.

  10. Push-pull radio frequency circuit with integral transistion to waveguide output

    DOEpatents

    Bennett, Wilfred P.

    1987-01-01

    A radio frequency circuit for ICRF heating includes a resonant push-pull circuit, a double ridged rectangular waveguide, and a coupling transition which joins the waveguide to the resonant circuit. The resonant circuit includes two cylindrical conductors mounted side by side and two power vacuum tubes attached to respective ends of a cylindrical conductor. A conductive yoke is located at the other end of the cylindrical conductors to short circuit the two cylindrical conductors. The coupling transition includes two relatively flat rectangular conductors extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of a respective cylindrical conductor to which the flat conductor is attached intermediate the ends thereof. Conductive side covers and end covers are also provided for forming pockets in the waveguide into which the flat conductors extend when the waveguide is attached to a shielding enclosure surrounding the resonant circuit.

  11. Intra-coil interactions in split gradient coils in a hybrid MRI-LINAC system.

    PubMed

    Tang, Fangfang; Freschi, Fabio; Sanchez Lopez, Hector; Repetto, Maurizio; Liu, Feng; Crozier, Stuart

    2016-04-01

    An MRI-LINAC system combines a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system with a medical linear accelerator (LINAC) to provide image-guided radiotherapy for targeting tumors in real-time. In an MRI-LINAC system, a set of split gradient coils is employed to produce orthogonal gradient fields for spatial signal encoding. Owing to this unconventional gradient configuration, eddy currents induced by switching gradient coils on and off may be of particular concern. It is expected that strong intra-coil interactions in the set will be present due to the constrained return paths, leading to potential degradation of the gradient field linearity and image distortion. In this study, a series of gradient coils with different track widths have been designed and analyzed to investigate the electromagnetic interactions between coils in a split gradient set. A driving current, with frequencies from 100 Hz to 10 kHz, was applied to study the inductive coupling effects with respect to conductor geometry and operating frequency. It was found that the eddy currents induced in the un-energized coils (hereby-referred to as passive coils) positively correlated with track width and frequency. The magnetic field induced by the eddy currents in the passive coils with wide tracks was several times larger than that induced by eddy currents in the cold shield of cryostat. The power loss in the passive coils increased with the track width. Therefore, intra-coil interactions should be included in the coil design and analysis process. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. Conceptual Model for the Geothermal System of the Wagner Basin, Gulf of California

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gonzalez-Fernandez, A.; Neumann, F.; Negrete-Aranda, R.; Contreras, J.; Batista-Cruz, R. Y.; Kretzschmar, T.; Avilés-Esquivel, T. A.; Reyes Ortega, V.; Flores-Luna, C. F.; Gomez-Trevino, E.; Martin, A.; Constable, S.

    2017-12-01

    Cerro Prieto in northwestern Mexico is one of the biggest geothermal plants in the world. Cerro Prieto sits in the Gulf of California rift system, which consists of a series of spreading centers and transform faults. The aim of this study is to evaluate the geothermal potential of the nearby offshore Wagner basin. To this end, we acquired and analyzed a set of different methods, such as reflection seismics, heat flow, magnetotelluric and controlled source electromagnetics, hydrogeochemistry and echosounder. Seismic reflection data show that the Wagner basin is a semi-graben, A profile crossing it shows numerous closely spaced faults, particularly in its eastern part. We found very high heat flow values, in excess of 1000 mW/m2, and large variability on the eastern flank of the Wagner basin, whereas there are more consistent and much lower values across the central and western parts. The high and variable heat flow values are suggestive of advective heat transfer We collected cores and interstitial water samples. The hydrogeochemistry analyses show that in the cores recovered from high heat flow areas, the relations bromide/choride and bromide/sulfide are clearly different from sea water. In contrast, those relations were close to sea water in areas with low heat flow. Similarly, the isotope relations such as 2H/18O show a similar pattern, further indicating the groundwater origin of the interstitial water found in high heat flow zones. In the magnetoteluric measurements we found the presence of a deep conductor that is located approximately under the basin center, extends from the base of the crust to depths of about 40 km, and dips toward the NE. This conductor is probably related to the heat source of the geothermal system. Active source electromagnetics show the presence of shallow conductors that correlate with the faults visible in the seismic sections. There are two distinct conductors, one in the eastern flank and another in the western flank of the basin. The echosounder data and previous studies support the presence of fluid discharge, focused specially in the eastern part of the basin. According to our results, there is recharge in the western part of the basin, a deep heat source beneath the basin, related to the rift process, and groundwater discharge in the eastern part of the basin, channeled by closely spaced faults.

  13. 33 CFR 183.435 - Conductors in circuits of 50 volts or more.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Conductors in circuits of 50... Requirements § 183.435 Conductors in circuits of 50 volts or more. (a) Each conductor in a circuit that has a... nominal circuit voltage of each of three or more current carrying conductors in a duct, bundle, or cable...

  14. 33 CFR 183.435 - Conductors in circuits of 50 volts or more.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Conductors in circuits of 50... Requirements § 183.435 Conductors in circuits of 50 volts or more. (a) Each conductor in a circuit that has a... nominal circuit voltage of each of three or more current carrying conductors in a duct, bundle, or cable...

  15. 33 CFR 183.435 - Conductors in circuits of 50 volts or more.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Conductors in circuits of 50... Requirements § 183.435 Conductors in circuits of 50 volts or more. (a) Each conductor in a circuit that has a... nominal circuit voltage of each of three or more current carrying conductors in a duct, bundle, or cable...

  16. 33 CFR 183.435 - Conductors in circuits of 50 volts or more.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Conductors in circuits of 50... Requirements § 183.435 Conductors in circuits of 50 volts or more. (a) Each conductor in a circuit that has a... nominal circuit voltage of each of three or more current carrying conductors in a duct, bundle, or cable...

  17. 33 CFR 183.435 - Conductors in circuits of 50 volts or more.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Conductors in circuits of 50... Requirements § 183.435 Conductors in circuits of 50 volts or more. (a) Each conductor in a circuit that has a... nominal circuit voltage of each of three or more current carrying conductors in a duct, bundle, or cable...

  18. Non-binding conductor load bearing roller for a gas-insulated transmission line having a corrugated outer conductor

    DOEpatents

    Fischer, William H.

    1984-01-01

    A gas-insulated transmission line includes a corrugated outer conductor, an inner conductor disposed within and insulated from the outer conductor by means of support insulators and an insulating gas, and a non-binding transport device for supporting and permitting movement of the inner conductor/insulating support assembly axially along the corrugated outer conductor without radial displacement and for moving without binding along corrugations of any slope less than vertical. The transport device includes two movable contacts, such as skids or rollers, supported on a common pivot lever, the pivot lever being rotatably disposed about a pivot lever axis, which pivot lever axis is in turn disposed on the periphery of a support insulator or particle trap if one is used. The movable contacts are separated axially a distance equal to the axial distance between the peaks and valleys of the corrugations of the outer conductor and separated radially a distance equal to the radial distance between the peaks and valleys of the corrugations of the outer conductor. The transport device has the pivot lever axis disposed parallel to the motion of travel of the inner conductor/insulating support assembly.

  19. Electric generator

    DOEpatents

    Foster, Jr., John S.; Wilson, James R.; McDonald, Jr., Charles A.

    1983-01-01

    1. In an electrical energy generator, the combination comprising a first elongated annular electrical current conductor having at least one bare surface extending longitudinally and facing radially inwards therein, a second elongated annular electrical current conductor disposed coaxially within said first conductor and having an outer bare surface area extending longitudinally and facing said bare surface of said first conductor, the contiguous coaxial areas of said first and second conductors defining an inductive element, means for applying an electrical current to at least one of said conductors for generating a magnetic field encompassing said inductive element, and explosive charge means disposed concentrically with respect to said conductors including at least the area of said inductive element, said explosive charge means including means disposed to initiate an explosive wave front in said explosive advancing longitudinally along said inductive element, said wave front being effective to progressively deform at least one of said conductors to bring said bare surfaces thereof into electrically conductive contact to progressively reduce the inductance of the inductive element defined by said conductors and transferring explosive energy to said magnetic field effective to generate an electrical potential between undeformed portions of said conductors ahead of said explosive wave front.

  20. Keeping an eye on the conductor: neural correlates of visuo-motor synchronization and musical experience.

    PubMed

    Ono, Kentaro; Nakamura, Akinori; Maess, Burkhard

    2015-01-01

    For orchestra musicians, synchronized playing under a conductor's direction is necessary to achieve optimal performance. Previous studies using simple auditory/visual stimuli have reported cortico-subcortical networks underlying synchronization and that training improves the accuracy of synchronization. However, it is unclear whether people who played regularly under a conductor and non-musicians activate the same networks when synchronizing with a conductor's gestures. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment testing nonmusicians and musicians who regularly play music under a conductor. Participants were required to tap the rhythm they perceived from silent movies displaying either conductor's gestures or a swinging metronome. Musicians performed tapping under a conductor with more precision than nonmusicians. Results from fMRI measurement showed greater activity in the anterior part of the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG) in musicians with more frequent practice under a conductor. Conversely, tapping with the metronome did not show any difference between musicians and nonmusicians, indicating that the expertize effect in tapping under the conductor does not result in a general increase in tapping performance for musicians. These results suggest that orchestra musicians have developed an advanced ability to predict conductor's next action from the gestures.

  1. Electric/magnetic field sensor

    DOEpatents

    Schill, Jr., Robert A.; Popek, Marc [Las Vegas, NV

    2009-01-27

    A UNLV novel electric/magnetic dot sensor includes a loop of conductor having two ends to the loop, a first end and a second end; the first end of the conductor seamlessly secured to a first conductor within a first sheath; the second end of the conductor seamlessly secured to a second conductor within a second sheath; and the first sheath and the second sheath positioned adjacent each other. The UNLV novel sensor can be made by removing outer layers in a segment of coaxial cable, leaving a continuous link of essentially uncovered conductor between two coaxial cable legs.

  2. Conductor-polymer composite electrode materials

    DOEpatents

    Ginley, D.S.; Kurtz, S.R.; Smyrl, W.H.; Zeigler, J.M.

    1984-06-13

    A conductive composite material useful as an electrode, comprises a conductor and an organic polymer which is reversibly electrochemically dopable to change its electrical conductivity. Said polymer continuously surrounds the conductor in intimate electrical contact therewith and is prepared by electrochemical growth on said conductor or by reaction of its corresponding monomer(s) on said conductor which has been pre-impregnated or pre-coated with an activator for said polymerization. Amount of the conductor is sufficient to render the resultant composite electrically conductive even when the polymer is in an undoped insulating state.

  3. Flat conductor cable design, manufacture, and installation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Angele, W.; Hankins, J. D.

    1973-01-01

    Pertinent information for hardware selection, design, manufacture, and quality control necessary for flat conductor cable interconnecting harness application is presented. Comparisons are made between round wire cable and flat conductor cable. The flat conductor cable interconnecting harness systems show major cost, weight, and space savings, plus increased system performance and reliability. The design application section includes electrical characteristics, harness design and development, and a full treatise on EMC considerations. Manufacturing and quality control sections pertain primarily to the developed conductor-contact connector system and special flat conductor cable to round wire cable transitions.

  4. Mapping Ground Water in Three Dimensions - An Analysis of Airborne Geophysical Surveys of the Upper San Pedro River Basin, Cochise County, Southeastern Arizona

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Wynn, Jeff

    2006-01-01

    This report summarizes the results of two airborne geophysical surveys conducted in the upper San Pedro Valley of southeastern Arizona in 1997 and 1999. The combined surveys cover about 1,000 square kilometers and extend from the Huachuca Mountains on the west to the Mule Mountains and Tombstone Hills on the east and from north of the Babocomari River to near the Mexican border on the south. The surveys included the acquisition of high-resolution magnetic data, which were used to map depth to the crystalline basement rocks underlying the sediments filling the basin. The magnetic inversion results show a complex basement morphology, with sediment thickness in the center of the valley ranging from ~237 meters beneath the city of Sierra Vista to ~1,500 meters beneath Huachuca City and the Palominas area near the Mexican border. The surveys also included acquisition of 60-channel time-domain electromagnetic (EM) data. Extensive quality analyses of these data, including inversion to conductivity vs. depth (conductivity-depth-transform or CDT) profiles and comparisons with electrical well logs, show that the electrical conductor mapped represents the subsurface water-bearing sediments throughout most of the basin. In a few places (notably the mouth of Huachuca Canyon), the reported water table lies above where the electrical conductor places it. These exceptions appear to be due to a combination of outdated water-table information, significant horizontal displacement between the wells and the CDT profiles, and a subtle calibration issue with the CDT algorithm apparent only in areas of highly resistive (very dry) overburden. These occasional disparities appear in less than 5 percent of the surveyed area. Observations show, however, that wells drilled in the thick unsaturated zone along the Huachuca Mountain front eventually intersect water, at which point the water rapidly rises high into the unsaturated zone within the wellbore. This rising of water in a wellbore implies some sort of confinement below the thick unsaturated zone, a confinement that is not identified in the available literature. Occasional disparities notwithstanding, maps of the electrical conductor derived from the airborne EM system provide a synoptic view of the presence of water underlying the upper San Pedro Valley, including its three-dimensional distribution. The EM data even show faults previously only inferred from geologic mapping. The magnetic and electromagnetic data together appear to show the thickness of the sediments, the water in the saturated sediments down to a maximum of about 400 meters depth, and even places where the main ground-water body is not in direct contact with the San Pedro River. However, the geophysical data cannot reveal anything directly about hydraulic conductivity or ground-water flow. Estimating these characteristics requires new hydraulic modeling based in part on this report. One concern to reviewers of this report is the effect that clays may have on the electrical conductor mapped with the airborne geophysical system. Although the water in the basin is unusually conductive, averaging 338 microsiemens per centimeter, reasoning cited below suggests that the contribution of clays to the overall conductivity would be relatively small. Basic principles of sedimentary geology suggest that silts and clays should dominate the center of the basin, while sands and gravels would tend to dominate the margins. Although clay content may increase the amplitude of the observed electrical conductors somewhat, it will not affect the depths to the conductor derived from depth inversions. Further, fine-grained sediments generally have higher porosity and tend to lie toward a basin center, a fact in general agreement with the observed geophysical data.

  5. Conductors for commercial MRI magnets beyond NbTi: requirements and challenges.

    PubMed

    Parizh, Michael; Lvovsky, Yuri; Sumption, Michael

    2017-01-01

    Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), a powerful medical diagnostic tool, is the largest commercial application of superconductivity. The superconducting magnet is the largest and most expensive component of an MRI system. The magnet configuration is determined by competing requirements including optimized functional performance, patient comfort, ease of siting in a hospital environment, minimum acquisition and lifecycle cost including service. In this paper, we analyze conductor requirements for commercial MRI magnets beyond traditional NbTi conductors, while avoiding links to a particular magnet configuration or design decisions. Potential conductor candidates include MgB 2 , ReBCO and BSCCO options. The analysis shows that no MRI-ready non-NbTi conductor is commercially available at the moment. For some conductors, MRI specifications will be difficult to achieve in principle. For others, cost is a key barrier. In some cases, the prospects for developing an MRI-ready conductor are more favorable, but significant developments are still needed. The key needs include the development of, or significant improvements in: (a) conductors specifically designed for MRI applications, with form-fit-and-function readily integratable into the present MRI magnet technology with minimum modifications. Preferably, similar conductors should be available from multiple vendors; (b) conductors with improved quench characteristics, i.e. the ability to carry significant current without damage while in the resistive state; (c) insulation which is compatible with manufacturing and refrigeration technologies; (d) dramatic increases in production and long-length quality control, including large-volume conductor manufacturing technology. In-situ MgB 2 is, perhaps, the closest to meeting commercial and technical requirements to become suitable for commercial MRI. Conductor technology is an important, but not the only, issue in introduction of HTS / MgB 2 conductor into commercial MRI magnets. These new conductors, even when they meet the above requirements, will likely require numerous modifications and developments in the associated magnet technology.

  6. Conductors for commercial MRI magnets beyond NbTi: requirements and challenges

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Parizh, Michael; Lvovsky, Yuri; Sumption, Michael

    2017-01-01

    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a powerful medical diagnostic tool, is the largest commercial application of superconductivity. The superconducting magnet is the largest and most expensive component of an MRI system. The magnet configuration is determined by competing requirements including optimized functional performance, patient comfort, ease of siting in a hospital environment, minimum acquisition and lifecycle cost including service. In this paper, we analyze conductor requirements for commercial MRI magnets beyond traditional NbTi conductors, while avoiding links to a particular magnet configuration or design decisions. Potential conductor candidates include MgB2, ReBCO and BSCCO options. The analysis shows that no MRI-ready non-NbTi conductor is commercially available at the moment. For some conductors, MRI specifications will be difficult to achieve in principle. For others, cost is a key barrier. In some cases, the prospects for developing an MRI-ready conductor are more favorable, but significant developments are still needed. The key needs include the development of, or significant improvements in: (a) conductors specifically designed for MRI applications, with form-fit-and-function readily integratable into the present MRI magnet technology with minimum modifications. Preferably, similar conductors should be available from multiple vendors; (b) conductors with improved quench characteristics, i.e. the ability to carry significant current without damage while in the resistive state; (c) insulation which is compatible with manufacturing and refrigeration technologies; (d) dramatic increases in production and long-length quality control, including large-volume conductor manufacturing technology. In-situ MgB2 is, perhaps, the closest to meeting commercial and technical requirements to become suitable for commercial MRI. Conductor technology is an important, but not the only, issue in introduction of HTS/MgB2 conductor into commercial MRI magnets. These new conductors, even when they meet the above requirements, will likely require numerous modifications and developments in the associated magnet technology.

  7. Conductors for commercial MRI magnets beyond NbTi: requirements and challenges

    PubMed Central

    Parizh, Michael; Lvovsky, Yuri; Sumption, Michael

    2016-01-01

    Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), a powerful medical diagnostic tool, is the largest commercial application of superconductivity. The superconducting magnet is the largest and most expensive component of an MRI system. The magnet configuration is determined by competing requirements including optimized functional performance, patient comfort, ease of siting in a hospital environment, minimum acquisition and lifecycle cost including service. In this paper, we analyze conductor requirements for commercial MRI magnets beyond traditional NbTi conductors, while avoiding links to a particular magnet configuration or design decisions. Potential conductor candidates include MgB2, ReBCO and BSCCO options. The analysis shows that no MRI-ready non-NbTi conductor is commercially available at the moment. For some conductors, MRI specifications will be difficult to achieve in principle. For others, cost is a key barrier. In some cases, the prospects for developing an MRI-ready conductor are more favorable, but significant developments are still needed. The key needs include the development of, or significant improvements in: (a) conductors specifically designed for MRI applications, with form-fit-and-function readily integratable into the present MRI magnet technology with minimum modifications. Preferably, similar conductors should be available from multiple vendors; (b) conductors with improved quench characteristics, i.e. the ability to carry significant current without damage while in the resistive state; (c) insulation which is compatible with manufacturing and refrigeration technologies; (d) dramatic increases in production and long-length quality control, including large-volume conductor manufacturing technology. In-situ MgB2 is, perhaps, the closest to meeting commercial and technical requirements to become suitable for commercial MRI. Conductor technology is an important, but not the only, issue in introduction of HTS / MgB2 conductor into commercial MRI magnets. These new conductors, even when they meet the above requirements, will likely require numerous modifications and developments in the associated magnet technology. PMID:28626340

  8. Miniature intermittent contact switch

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sword, A.

    1972-01-01

    Design of electric switch for providing intermittent contact is presented. Switch consists of flexible conductor surrounding, but separated from, fixed conductor. Flexing of outside conductor to contact fixed conductor completes circuit. Advantage is small size of switch compared to standard switches.

  9. Reactive conductors for increased efficiency of exploding foil initiators and other detonators

    DOEpatents

    Morris, Christopher J.; Wilkins, Paul; May, Chadd; Zakar, Eugene

    2015-05-05

    Provided among other things are reactive energetic material systems used for conductors in detonators for increased efficiencies. According to an embodiment, a detonator may include: a conductor including at least two constituents including (i) an electrically conductive constituent, and (ii) an electrically non-conductive constituent, that when subjected to sufficient electrical energy, result in an exothermic reaction; and a flyer plate having a non-conductive surface in contact with said conductor. When the sufficient electrical energy is supplied to said conductor, rapid heating and vaporization of at least a portion of the conductor occurs so as to explosively drive at least a portion of the flyer plate away from said conductor. In an embodiment, a multilayer conductor may be formed of alternating layers of at least one electrically conductive layer, and at least one electrically non-conductive layer, that when subjected to sufficient electrical energy, result in an exothermic reaction.

  10. --No Title--

    Science.gov Websites

    ************************************************************/ .banner-logo { background-color: #0079c5; width: 100%; border-bottom: none; min-height:60px; } @media (min ; } } .banner-wordo { background-color: #005d92; font-family: "Roboto"; width: 100%; } /* National Renewable Energy Laboratory */ .wordo { background-color: #005d92; color: #fff; text-align: center; height

  11. Twin-Axial Wire Antenna

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-08-06

    12 and 14 can be of differing gauges and can be either stranded or solid. In a prototype, both conductors were made from #22 solid copper wire ...08-2015 Publication Twin-Axial Wire Antenna David A. Tonn Naval Under Warfare Center Division, Newport 1176 Howell St., Code 00L, Bldg 102T...Approved for Public Release Distribution is unlimited Attorney Docket No. 300030 1 of 10 TWIN-AXIAL WIRE ANTENNA STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT INTEREST

  12. Thermally switchable meta-material absorber involving vanadium dioxide semiconductor-metal transition for thermo photovoltaic conversion

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bendelala, Fathi; Cheknane, Ali; Hilal, Hikmat S.

    2018-01-01

    A new switchable absorber design using meta-materials for thermo photovoltaic applications is proposed here. Conventional absorbents are normally non-adjustable with narrow band-widths and polarization-dependence. The present study describes an alternative infrared absorber structure with tunable characteristics. The absorber is based on VO2 which exhibits transition from semiconductor to metallic conductor by thermal effect. With this design, the results show that wide-band absorption can be achieved. The absorption bandwidth can be improved from 15.94 to 36.75 THz. With 40.42% relative shift in the peak frequency, a maximum absorption efficiency of 99% can be achieved. This structure design is polarization-independent of normal incident radiations, and may accommodate radiations from wide oblique angles. These new features make the new thermally adjustable absorber potentially useful in thermo-photovoltaic conversion devices.

  13. Vertically aligned gas-insulated transmission line having particle traps at the inner conductor

    DOEpatents

    Dale, Steinar J.

    1984-01-01

    Gas insulated electrical apparatus having first and second conductors separated by an insulating support within an insulating gas environment, and particle traps disposed along the surface of the high potential conductor for trapping and inactivating foreign particles which may be present within the insulating gas medium. Several embodiments of the invention were developed which are particularly suited for vertically aligned gas insulated transmission lines. The particle traps are grooves or cavities formed into the walls of the tubular inner conductor, without extending into the hollow portion of the conductor. In other embodiments, the traps are appendages or insert flanges extending from the inner conductor, with the insulator supports contacting the appendages instead of the inner conductor.

  14. High-field double-pancake superconducting coils and a method of winding

    DOEpatents

    Materna, P.A.

    1984-01-31

    A double-pancake coil having first and second pancakes may comprise a plurality of conductor means, each conductor means having a different grade and having one or more conductors, wherein each pancake of said double-pancake coil is comprised of inner and outer turns; wherein said inner turns are comprised of at least one of said conductor means wound about an axis and nested within one another; wherein said outer turns are comprised of said inner conductor means and at least one other conductor means co-wound about said inner turns and nested within one another; wherein each of said conductor means is wound along said axis from said first pancake to said second pancake at a different turn.

  15. High-field double-pancake superconducting coils and a method of winding

    DOEpatents

    Materna, Peter A.

    1985-01-01

    A double-pancake coil having first and second pancakes may comprise a plurality of conductor means, each conductor means having a different grade and having one or more conductors, wherein each pancake of said double-pancake coil is comprised of inner and outer turns; wherein said inner turns are comprised of at least one of said conductor means wound about an axis and nested within one another; wherein said outer turns are comprised of said inner conductor means and at least one other conductor means co-wound about said inner turns and nested within one another; wherein each of said conductor means is wound along said axis from said first pancake to said second pancake at a different turn.

  16. 30 CFR 56.12010 - Isolation or insulation of communication conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... conductors. 56.12010 Section 56.12010 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... MINES Electricity § 56.12010 Isolation or insulation of communication conductors. Telephone and low... energized power conductors or any other power source. ...

  17. 30 CFR 56.12010 - Isolation or insulation of communication conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... conductors. 56.12010 Section 56.12010 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... MINES Electricity § 56.12010 Isolation or insulation of communication conductors. Telephone and low... energized power conductors or any other power source. ...

  18. Ultra-High Performance, High-Temperature Superconducting Wires via Cost-effective, Scalable, Co-evaporation Process

    PubMed Central

    Kim, Ho-Sup; Oh, Sang-Soo; Ha, Hong-Soo; Youm, Dojun; Moon, Seung-Hyun; Kim, Jung Ho; Dou, Shi Xue; Heo, Yoon-Uk; Wee, Sung-Hun; Goyal, Amit

    2014-01-01

    Long-length, high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wires capable of carrying high critical current, Ic, are required for a wide range of applications. Here, we report extremely high performance HTS wires based on 5 μm thick SmBa2Cu3O7 − δ (SmBCO) single layer films on textured metallic templates. SmBCO layer wires over 20 meters long were deposited by a cost-effective, scalable co-evaporation process using a batch-type drum in a dual chamber. All deposition parameters influencing the composition, phase, and texture of the films were optimized via a unique combinatorial method that is broadly applicable for co-evaporation of other promising complex materials containing several cations. Thick SmBCO layers deposited under optimized conditions exhibit excellent cube-on-cube epitaxy. Such excellent structural epitaxy over the entire thickness results in exceptionally high Ic performance, with average Ic over 1,000 A/cm-width for the entire 22 meter long wire and maximum Ic over 1,500 A/cm-width for a short 12 cm long tape. The Ic values reported in this work are the highest values ever reported from any lengths of cuprate-based HTS wire or conductor. PMID:24752189

  19. Imaging the Laguna del Maule Volcanic Field, central Chile using magnetotellurics: Evidence for crustal melt regions laterally-offset from surface vents and lava flows

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cordell, Darcy; Unsworth, Martyn J.; Díaz, Daniel

    2018-04-01

    Magnetotelluric (MT) data were collected at the Laguna del Maule volcanic field (LdMVF), located in central Chile (36°S, 70.5°W), which has been experiencing unprecedented upward ground deformation since 2007. These data were used to create the first detailed three-dimensional electrical resistivity model of the LdMVF and surrounding area. The resulting model was spatially complex with several major conductive features imaged at different depths and locations around Laguna del Maule (LdM). A near-surface conductor (C1; 0.5 Ωm) approximately 100 m beneath the lake is interpreted as a conductive smectite clay cap related to a shallow hydrothermal reservoir. At 4 km depth, a strong conductor (C3; 0.3 Ωm) is located beneath the western edge of LdM. The proximity of C3 to the recent Pleistocene-to-Holocene vents in the northwest LdMVF and nearby hot springs suggests that C3 is a hydrous (>5 wt% H2O), rhyolitic partial melt with melt fraction >35% and a free-water hydrothermal component. C3 dips towards, and is connected to, a deeper conductor (C4; 1 Ωm). C4 is located to the north of LdM at >8 km depth below surface and is interpreted as a long-lived, rhyolitic-to-andesitic magma reservoir with melt fractions less than 35%. It is hypothesized that the deeper magma reservoir (C4) is providing melt and hydrothermal fluids to the shallower magma reservoir (C3). A large conductor directly beneath the LdMVF is not imaged with MT suggesting that any mush volume beneath LdM must be anhydrous (<2 wt% H2O), low temperature and low melt fraction (<25%) in order to go undetected. The presence of large conductors to the north has important implications for magma dynamics as it suggests that material may have a significant lateral component (>10 km) as it moves from the deep magma reservoir (C4) to create small, ephemeral volumes of eruptible melt (C3). It is hypothesized that there may be a north-south contrast in physical processes affecting the growth of melt-rich zones since major conductors are imaged in the northern LdMVF while no major conductors are detected beneath the southern vents. The analysis and interpretation of features directly beneath the lake is complicated by the surface conductor C1 which attenuates low-frequency signals. The attenuation from C1 does not affect C3 or C4. At 1 km depth directly beneath LdM, a weak conductor (C2; <10 Ωm) is imaged but is not required by the data. Forward modeling tests show that a relatively large (30 km3), high melt fraction (>50%), silicic reservoir with 5 wt% H2O at 2 to 5 km depth beneath the inflation center is not supported by the MT data. However, a smaller (10 km3) eruptible volume could go undetected even with relatively high melt fraction (>50%). The location of large melt regions to the north has important implications for long-term volcanic hazards at LdMVF as well as other volcanoes as it raises the possibility that the vent distribution is not always indicative of the location of deeper source regions of melt.

  20. 30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart D of... - Appendix I to Subpart D of Part 18

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 60 °C. copper temperature (40 °C. ambient) Resistance at 60 °C. copper temperature (ohms) 6 550 50 0... Temperature—40 °C. Ambient) Conductor size—AWG or MCM Single conductor 2-conductor, round or flat 3-conductor... 2—Portable Cord Ampacities—600 Volts (Amperes Per Conductor Based on 60 °C. Copper Temperature—40 °C...

  1. Superconducting magnet cooling system

    DOEpatents

    Vander Arend, Peter C.; Fowler, William B.

    1977-01-01

    A device is provided for cooling a conductor to the superconducting state. The conductor is positioned within an inner conduit through which is flowing a supercooled liquid coolant in physical contact with the conductor. The inner conduit is positioned within an outer conduit so that an annular open space is formed therebetween. Through the annular space is flowing coolant in the boiling liquid state. Heat generated by the conductor is transferred by convection within the supercooled liquid coolant to the inner wall of the inner conduit and then is removed by the boiling liquid coolant, making the heat removal from the conductor relatively independent of conductor length.

  2. Comparison of two nasoalveolar molding techniques in unilateral complete cleft lip patients: a randomized, prospective, single-blind trial to compare nasal outcomes.

    PubMed

    Chang, Chun-Shin; Wallace, Christopher Glenn; Pai, Betty Chien-Jung; Chiu, Yu-Ting; Hsieh, Yuh-Jia; Chen, I-Ju; Liao, Yu-Fang; Liou, Eric Jen-Wein; Chen, Philip Kuo-Ting

    2014-08-01

    Nasoalveolar molding became increasingly popular in the 1990s as a means of easing surgery and improving nasal outcomes for cleft lip repairs. In the late 1990s, three orthodontists from our center underwent nasoalveolar molding training: two at the Rush Craniofacial Center, in Chicago; and one at New York University Craniofacial Center. They brought two different nasoalveolar molding techniques back to Chang Gung Craniofacial Center: the modified Figueroa and the modified Grayson techniques. Outcomes following use of these techniques have not previously been compared prospectively. Between May of 2010 and March of 2013, a randomized, prospective, single-blind trial was conducted to compare the number of clinical visits, total costs, complications, and nasal symmetry between the two nasoalveolar molding techniques in 30 patients with unilateral complete cleft lip. There were no differences between nasoalveolar molding techniques in the number of clinical visits, total costs, nostril height, or nostril area ratio. Preoperatively but after nasoalveolar molding, the nostril width ratio was wider for the Figueroa group than for the Grayson group. Six months after surgical correction, there were no differences in nostril height, nostril width, nasal sill height, or nostril area ratio between nasoalveolar molding methods. Alveolar ulceration occurred more frequently in the Grayson group. The modified Grayson technique reduced nostril width more efficiently, but alveolar ulceration was more frequent and no differences in nostril width were found following surgery. Overall, the two nasoalveolar molding techniques produced similar nasal outcomes. Therapeutic, II.

  3. Method and apparatus for preparing multiconductor cable with flat conductors

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Marcell, G. V. (Inventor)

    1969-01-01

    A method and apparatus for preparing flat conductor cable having a plurality of ribbon-like conductors disposed upon and adhesively bonded to the surface of a substrate is described. The conductors are brought into contact with the substrate surface, and while maintained in axial tension on said substrate, the combination is seated on a yieldably compressible layer to permit the conductor to become embedded into the surface of the substrate film.

  4. 33 CFR 159.73 - Conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Conductors. 159.73 Section 159.73 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION MARINE SANITATION DEVICES Design, Construction, and Testing § 159.73 Conductors. Current carrying conductors must be...

  5. 30 CFR 7.403 - Application requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., round or flat). (iii) Number and size (gauge) of each conductor. (iv) Voltage rating for all cables containing electric conductors. (v) For electric cables, current-carrying capacity of each conductor, with corresponding ambient temperature upon which the current rating (ampacity) is based, of each power conductor. (2...

  6. 33 CFR 159.73 - Conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Conductors. 159.73 Section 159.73 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION MARINE SANITATION DEVICES Design, Construction, and Testing § 159.73 Conductors. Current carrying conductors must be...

  7. 30 CFR 57.12010 - Isolation or insulation of communication conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... conductors. 57.12010 Section 57.12010 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... conductors. Telephone and low-potential signal wire shall be protected, by isolation or suitable insulation, or both, from contacting energized power conductors or any other power source. ...

  8. 30 CFR 57.12010 - Isolation or insulation of communication conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... conductors. 57.12010 Section 57.12010 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... conductors. Telephone and low-potential signal wire shall be protected, by isolation or suitable insulation, or both, from contacting energized power conductors or any other power source. ...

  9. Electrostatic separation for recycling conductors, semiconductors, and nonconductors from electronic waste.

    PubMed

    Xue, Mianqiang; Yan, Guoqing; Li, Jia; Xu, Zhenming

    2012-10-02

    Electrostatic separation has been widely used to separate conductors and nonconductors for recycling e-waste. However, the components of e-waste are complex, which can be classified as conductors, semiconductors, and nonconductors according to their conducting properties. In this work, we made a novel attempt to recover the mixtures containing conductors (copper), semiconductors (extrinsic silicon), and nonconductors (woven glass reinforced resin) by electrostatic separation. The results of binary mixtures separation show that the separation of conductor and nonconductor, semiconductor and nonconductor need a higher voltage level while the separation of conductor and semiconductor needs a higher roll speed. Furthermore, the semiconductor separation efficiency is more sensitive to the high voltage level and the roll speed than the conductor separation efficiency. An integrated process was proposed for the multiple mixtures separation. The separation efficiency of conductors and semiconductors can reach 82.5% and 88%, respectively. This study contributes to the efficient recycling of valuable resources from e-waste.

  10. A computer program to perform dynamic thermal analysis for bare overhead conductors during short-time overload conditions

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Shrestha, P.; Pham, K.

    1995-12-31

    Under emergency conditions, a bare overhead conductor can carry an increased amount of current that is well in excess of its normal rating. When there is this increase in current flow on a bare overhead conductor, the temperature does not rise instantaneously. but increases along a curve determined by the current, the conductor properties and the ambient conditions. The conductor temperature at the end of a short-time overload period must be restricted to its maximum design value. This paper presents a simplified approach in analyzing the dynamic performance for bare overhead conductors during short-time overload condition. A computer program wasmore » developed to calculate the short-time ratings for bare overhead conductors. The following parameters: current induced heating. solar load, convective/conductive cooling, radiative cooling, altitude, wind velocity and ampacity of the bare conductor were considered. Several sample graphical output lots are included with the paper.« less

  11. Structure for monolithic optical circuits

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Evanchuk, Vincent L. (Inventor)

    1984-01-01

    A method for making monolithic optical circuits, with related optical devices as required or desired, on a supporting surface (10) consists of coating the supporting surface with reflecting metal or cladding resin, spreading a layer of liquid radiation sensitive plastic (12) on the surface, exposing the liquid plastic with a mask (14) to cure it in a desired pattern of light conductors (16, 18, 20), washing away the unexposed liquid plastic, and coating the conductors thus formed with reflective metal or cladding resin. The index of refraction for the cladding (22) is selected to be lower than for the conductors so that light in the conductors will be reflected by the interface with the cladding. For multiple level conductors, as where one conductor must cross over another, the process may be repeated to fabricate a bridge with columns (24, 26) of conductors to the next level, and conductor (28) between the columns. For more efficient transfer of energy over the bridge, faces at 45.degree. may be formed to reflect light up and across the bridge.

  12. KSC01padig024

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2001-01-19

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Space Shuttle Atlantis nears the Vehicle Assembly Building (left) and Launch Control Center on its way back from Launch Pad 39A. Atlantis is rolling back to the VAB so that workers can conduct inspections, make continuity checks and conduct X-ray analysis on the 36 solid rocket booster cables located inside each booster’s system tunnel. An extensive evaluation of NASA’s SRB cable inventory revealed conductor damage in four (of about 200) cables on the shelf. Shuttle managers decided to prove the integrity of the system tunnel cables already on Atlantis before launching Jan. 19. The launch has been rescheduled no earlier than Feb. 6

  13. Performance evolution of 60 kA HTS cable prototypes in the EDIPO test facility

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bykovsky, N.; Uglietti, D.; Sedlak, K.; Stepanov, B.; Wesche, R.; Bruzzone, P.

    2016-08-01

    During the first test campaign of the 60 kA HTS cable prototypes in the EDIPO test facility, the feasibility of a novel HTS fusion cable concept proposed at the EPFL Swiss Plasma Center (SPC) was successfully demonstrated. While the measured DC performance of the prototypes at magnetic fields from 8 T to 12 T and for currents from 30 kA to 70 kA was close to the expected one, an initial electromagnetic cycling test (1000 cycles) revealed progressive degradation of the performance in both the SuperPower and SuperOx conductors. Aiming to understand the reasons for the degradation, additional cycling (1000 cycles) and warm up-cool down tests were performed during the second test campaign. I c performance degradation of the SuperOx conductor reached ∼20% after about 2000 cycles, which was reason to continue with a visual inspection of the conductor and further tests at 77 K. AC tests were carried out at 0 and 2 T background fields without transport current and at 10 T/50 kA operating conditions. Results obtained in DC and AC tests of the second test campaign are presented and compared with appropriate data published recently. Concluding the first iteration of the HTS cable development program at SPC, a summary and recommendations for the next activity within the HTS fusion cable project are also reported.

  14. Seal assembly

    DOEpatents

    Johnson, Roger Neal; Longfritz, William David

    2001-01-01

    A seal assembly that seals a gap formed by a groove comprises a seal body, a biasing element, and a connection that connects the seal body to the biasing element to form the seal assembly. The seal assembly further comprises a concave-shaped center section and convex-shaped contact portions at each end of the seal body. The biasing element is formed from an elastic material and comprises a convex-shaped center section and concave-shaped biasing zones that are opposed to the convex-shaped contact portions. The biasing element is adapted to be compressed to change a width of the seal assembly from a first width to a second width that is smaller than the first width. In the compressed state, the seal assembly can be disposed in the groove. After release of the compressing force, the seal assembly expands. The contact portions will move toward a surface of the groove and the biasing zones will move into contact with another surface of the groove. The biasing zones will bias the contact portions of the seal body against the surface of the groove.

  15. New trial wave function for the nuclear cluster structure of nuclei

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhou, Bo

    2018-04-01

    A new trial wave function is proposed for nuclear cluster physics, in which an exact solution to the long-standing center-of-mass problem is given. In the new approach, the widths of the single-nucleon Gaussian wave packets and the widths of the relative Gaussian wave functions describing correlations of nucleons or clusters are treated as variables in the explicit intrinsic wave function of the nuclear system. As an example, this new wave function was applied to study the typical {^{20}Ne} (α+{{^{16}}O}) cluster system. By removing exactly the spurious center-of-mass effect in a very simple way, the energy curve of {^{20}Ne} was obtained by variational calculations with the width of the α cluster, the width of the {{^{16}}O} cluster, and the size parameter of the nucleus. These are considered the three crucial variational variables in describing the {^{20}Ne} (α+{{^{16}}O}) cluster system. This shows that the new wave function can be a very interesting new tool for studying many-body and cluster effects in nuclear physics.

  16. Downhole transmission system

    DOEpatents

    Hall, David R [Provo, UT; Fox, Joe [Spanish Fork, UT

    2008-01-15

    A transmission system in a downhole component comprises a data transmission element in both ends of the downhole component. Each data transmission element houses an electrically conducting coil in a MCEI circular trough. An electrical conductor connects both the transmission elements. The electrical conductor comprises at least three electrically conductive elements insulated from each other. In the preferred embodiment the electrical conductor comprises an electrically conducting outer shield, an electrically conducting inner shield and an electrical conducting core. In some embodiments of the present invention, the electrical conductor comprises an electrically insulating jacket. In other embodiments, the electrical conductor comprises a pair of twisted wires. In some embodiments, the electrical conductor comprises semi-conductive material.

  17. Cluster-inspired Superionic Conductors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fang, Hong; Jena, Puru

    Superionic conductors with desirable properties hold the key to the development of next generation of rechargeable metal-ion batteries. In this study, we report a new family of superionic conductors composed by clusters based on the antiperovskite fast-ion conductors. The new lightweight conductor shows larger electrochemical stability window and favorable thermal and mechanical properties, while maintain a high Li+-ionconductivity at room temperature and a low activation energy. We reveal the conduction mechanism of the material by identifying the relation between the orientational symmetry of the cluster rotors and the potential surface felt by the lithium ion. We also find that the mixed phase of the new conductors show further enhanced conductivity.

  18. Multiwire conductor having greatly increased interwire resistance and method for making same

    DOEpatents

    Luhman, Thomas; Suenaga, Masaki

    1984-01-17

    An improved multiwire conductor of the type which is mechanically stabilized by a tin based solder filler. A solder filled conductor is heated to a temperature above its melting point for a period long enough to allow a substantial amount of copper to be dissolved from the wires comprising the conductor. The copper forms the brittle intermetallic compound Cu.sub.5 Sn.sub.6 with tin in the solder. After cooling the conductor is flexed causing a random cracking of the solder, and thereby increasing the interwire resistance of the conductor. The subject invention is particularly adapted for use with braided, ribbon-type solder filled superconductors.

  19. Multiwire conductor having increased interwire resistance and good mechanical stability and method for making same

    DOEpatents

    Luhman, Thomas; Klamut, Carl

    1984-02-14

    An improved multiwire conductor of the type which is mechanically stabilized by a solder filler. A solder filled conductor is heated to a temperature sufficient to make the solder brittle, but below the melting point of the solder. While still hot, the conductor is flexed, causing the solder to separate from the wires comprising the conductor, thereby increasing the interwire resistance. In one embodiment the conductor may be heated to a temperature above the eutectic temperature of the solder so that a controlled amount of solder is removed. The subject invention is particularly suited for use with braided, ribbon-type, solder filled superconductors.

  20. Multiwire conductor having increased interwire resistance and good mechanical stability and method for making same

    DOEpatents

    Luhman, T.; Klamut, C.

    1982-03-15

    An improved multiwire conductor of the type which is mechanically stabilized by a solder filler. A solder filled conductor is heated to a temperature sufficient to make the solder brittle, but below the melting point of the solder. While still hot, the conductor is flexed, causing the solder to separate from the wires comprising the conductor, thereby increasing the interwire resistance. In one embodiment the conductor may be heated to a temperature above the eutectic temperature of the solder so that a controlled amount of solder is removed. The subject invention is particularly suited for use with braided, ribbon-type, solder filled superconductors.

  1. 30 CFR 75.1002 - Installation of electric equipment and conductors; permissibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... conductors; permissibility. 75.1002 Section 75.1002 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... Wires and Trolley Feeder Wires § 75.1002 Installation of electric equipment and conductors... equipment is located within 150 feet of pillar workings or longwall faces. (b) Electric conductors and...

  2. 30 CFR 75.513 - Electric conductor; capacity and insulation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Electric conductor; capacity and insulation. 75.513 Section 75.513 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL... § 75.513 Electric conductor; capacity and insulation. [Statutory Provision] All electric conductors...

  3. 30 CFR 75.700 - Grounding metallic sheaths, armors, and conduits enclosing power conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... conduits enclosing power conductors. 75.700 Section 75.700 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH... Grounding § 75.700 Grounding metallic sheaths, armors, and conduits enclosing power conductors. [Statutory Provisions] All metallic sheaths, armors, and conduits enclosing power conductors shall be electrically...

  4. 30 CFR 77.700 - Grounding metallic sheaths, armors, and conduits enclosing power conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... conduits enclosing power conductors. 77.700 Section 77.700 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH..., and conduits enclosing power conductors. Metallic sheaths, armors, and conduits enclosing power conductors shall be electrically continuous throughout and shall be grounded by methods approved by an...

  5. 30 CFR 75.700 - Grounding metallic sheaths, armors, and conduits enclosing power conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... conduits enclosing power conductors. 75.700 Section 75.700 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH... Grounding § 75.700 Grounding metallic sheaths, armors, and conduits enclosing power conductors. [Statutory Provisions] All metallic sheaths, armors, and conduits enclosing power conductors shall be electrically...

  6. 46 CFR 129.380 - Overcurrent protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... protection must be provided for each ungrounded conductor, to open the electric circuit if the current reaches a value that causes an excessive or dangerous temperature in the conductor or its insulation. (b) Each conductor of a control, interlock, or indicator circuit, such as a conductor for an instrument...

  7. 46 CFR 120.380 - Overcurrent protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... for each ungrounded conductor for the purpose of opening the electric circuit if the current reaches a value that causes an excessive or dangerous temperature in the conductor or conductor insulation. (b) The grounded conductor of a circuit must not be disconnected by a switch or circuit breaker, unless...

  8. 46 CFR 120.380 - Overcurrent protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... for each ungrounded conductor for the purpose of opening the electric circuit if the current reaches a value that causes an excessive or dangerous temperature in the conductor or conductor insulation. (b) The grounded conductor of a circuit must not be disconnected by a switch or circuit breaker, unless...

  9. 30 CFR 77.700 - Grounding metallic sheaths, armors, and conduits enclosing power conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... conduits enclosing power conductors. 77.700 Section 77.700 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH..., and conduits enclosing power conductors. Metallic sheaths, armors, and conduits enclosing power conductors shall be electrically continuous throughout and shall be grounded by methods approved by an...

  10. 30 CFR 75.1002 - Installation of electric equipment and conductors; permissibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... conductors; permissibility. 75.1002 Section 75.1002 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... Wires and Trolley Feeder Wires § 75.1002 Installation of electric equipment and conductors... equipment is located within 150 feet of pillar workings or longwall faces. (b) Electric conductors and...

  11. 30 CFR 75.513 - Electric conductor; capacity and insulation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Electric conductor; capacity and insulation. 75.513 Section 75.513 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL... § 75.513 Electric conductor; capacity and insulation. [Statutory Provision] All electric conductors...

  12. 46 CFR 111.05-33 - Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors. 111.05... ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Equipment Ground, Ground Detection, and Grounded Systems § 111.05-33 Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors. (a) Each equipment-grounding conductor must...

  13. 46 CFR 111.05-33 - Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors. 111.05... ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Equipment Ground, Ground Detection, and Grounded Systems § 111.05-33 Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors. (a) Each equipment-grounding conductor must...

  14. 46 CFR 111.05-33 - Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors. 111.05... ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Equipment Ground, Ground Detection, and Grounded Systems § 111.05-33 Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors. (a) Each equipment-grounding conductor must...

  15. 33 CFR 159.71 - Electrical controls and conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Electrical controls and... Electrical controls and conductors. Electrical controls and conductors must be installed in accordance with good marine practice. Wire must be copper and must be stranded. Electrical controls and conductors must...

  16. 33 CFR 159.71 - Electrical controls and conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Electrical controls and... Electrical controls and conductors. Electrical controls and conductors must be installed in accordance with good marine practice. Wire must be copper and must be stranded. Electrical controls and conductors must...

  17. 33 CFR 159.71 - Electrical controls and conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Electrical controls and... Electrical controls and conductors. Electrical controls and conductors must be installed in accordance with good marine practice. Wire must be copper and must be stranded. Electrical controls and conductors must...

  18. Resistive coating for current conductors in cryogenic applications

    DOEpatents

    Hirayama, Chikara; Wagner, George R.

    1982-05-18

    This invention relates to a resistive or semiconducting coating for use on current conductors in cryogenic applications. This includes copper-clad superconductor wire, copper wire used for stabilizing superconductor magnets, and for hyperconductors. The coating is a film of cuprous sulfide (Cu.sub.2 S) that has been found not to degrade the properties of the conductors. It is very adherent to the respective conductors and satisfies the mechanical, thermal and electrical requirements of coatings for the conductors.

  19. Study on galloping behavior of iced eight bundle conductor transmission lines

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhou, Linshu; Yan, Bo; Zhang, Liang; Zhou, Song

    2016-02-01

    Wind tunnel test was carried out to obtain the aerodynamic coefficients of an eight bundle conductor accreted with crescent-shaped ice. A user-defined cable element with torsional degree of freedom is developed in ABAQUS software to capture the torsional deformation of the iced conductors during galloping. By means of the user-defined cable element, different damping ratios in in-plane, out-of-plane and torsional directions of the conductors can be defined and the aerodynamic forces varying with their motion status can be exerted on the conductors conveniently when ABAQUS is used to simulate galloping of transmission lines. A wind tunnel test to model galloping of an iced eight bundle conductor segment was carried out, and the validity of the numerical simulation method is demonstrated by the agreement of the galloping orbit of the bundle conductor segment model recorded in the test and that by the numerical simulation. Furthermore, galloping behavior, including dynamic responses, galloping orbits, frequencies, vibration modes and amplitudes, of typical iced eight bundle conductor transmission lines in the cases of different span lengths, initial tensions in sub-conductors, wind velocities, angles of wind attack and damping ratios is studied, and the galloping behavior of the lines with internal resonance conditions is discussed. The obtained results may provide a fundamental tool for the development of anti-galloping techniques of eight bundle conductor transmission lines.

  20. Fabrication and modeling of stretchable conductors for traumatic brain injury research

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cao, Wenzhe

    Stretchable electronics are an emergent class of electronics that can retain their electric functionality under large mechanical deformation, such as stretching, bending and compression. Like traditional electric circuits, stretchable electronics rely on electrical conductors, but in this specific instance the conductors must also be stretchable. This thesis research had three goals: (1) fabricate elastically stretchable conductors that retain their electrical conductance when stretched by tens of percent of strain; (2) understand the underlying stretching mechanism of gold conductors on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates; (3) produce a special device---a stretchable microelectrode array, which contains a matrix of stretchable conductors that enables a new approach to studying traumatic brain injury. We first developed and optimized the micro-fabrication process to make elastically stretchable thin gold film conductors on PDMS substrates. The conductors can retain electrical conduction while being stretched reversibly to 140% uniaxially and 16% radially. We further developed a fabrication process to encapsulate the conductors with either a commercially available photopatternable silicone (PPS) or with PDMS. 100 microm by 100 microm vias were patterned in the encapsulation layer to expose electrical contacts. PPS encapsulated conductors can be stretched uniaxially to 80%, and the PDMS encapsulated conductor can be stretched to ˜15%, without losing electrical conduction. We also introduced acrylate-based shape memory polymers (SMPs) as a new type of substrate for stretchable conductors. Their stiffness can be tuned by varying the monomer composition or by changing the ambient temperature. Thin gold film conductors deposited on pre-strained SMPs remain conductive when first stretched and then relaxed to their pre-strain value. Moreover, an SMP can also serve as a stretchable carrier to make pre-strained conductors on an overlying PDMS membrane. The resistance of gold conductors made on pre-strained PDMS changes less during stretching than that made on non-pre-strained PDMS substrate. We built a model of the electrical resistance in function of strain. The model is based on the topography of the thin gold film on PDMS. This model is a first attempt at predicting electrical resistance of stretchable thin gold film conductors. Lastly, we fabricated stretchable microelectrode arrays (SMEAs). They were utilized at Columbia University to study traumatic brain injury (TBI). Tissues cultured on SMEA remained viable for 19 days, and the electrodes were able to both stimulate and record neural tissue activity before, during and after stretching. Therefore SMEAs are able to bring together mechanical injury, electrophysiological recording and pharmacological studies. The SMEAs could serve as in vitro platforms for high throughput therapeutic screening and discovery for traumatic injury. The ability to reproducibly fabricate stretchable conductors using micro-fabrication technology will facilitate adoption by industry. The ability to understand the stretching mechanism will enable us to design more robust material systems. The SMEA prototypes demonstrate that stretchable conductors are practical, and their mechanical compatibility with biological systems also makes them candidates for use in biomedical devices.

  1. 30 CFR 57.12048 - Communication conductors on power poles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Communication conductors on power poles. 57... MINES Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12048 Communication conductors on power poles. Telegraph, telephone, or signal wires shall not be installed on the same crossarm with power conductors. When carried...

  2. 46 CFR 183.372 - Equipment and conductor grounding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Equipment and conductor grounding. 183.372 Section 183... conductor grounding. (a) All metallic enclosures and frames of electrical equipment must be permanently... equipment must be bonded together to a common ground by a normally non-current carrying conductor. Metallic...

  3. 30 CFR 57.12005 - Protection of power conductors from mobile equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Protection of power conductors from mobile... NONMETAL MINES Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12005 Protection of power conductors from mobile equipment. Mobile equipment shall not run over power conductors, nor shall loads be dragged over power...

  4. 33 CFR 183.455 - Overcurrent protection: General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ....455 Overcurrent protection: General. (a) Each ungrounded current-carrying conductor must be protected... breaker or fuse must be placed at the source of power for each circuit or conductor except: (1) If it is... seven inches of the source of power for each circuit or conductor measured along the conductor. (2) If...

  5. 46 CFR 120.372 - Equipment and conductor grounding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Equipment and conductor grounding. 120.372 Section 120... INSTALLATION Power Sources and Distribution Systems § 120.372 Equipment and conductor grounding. (a) All... together to a common ground by a normally non-current carrying conductor. Metallic cases of instruments and...

  6. 46 CFR 183.380 - Overcurrent protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...) Overcurrent protection must be provided for each ungrounded conductor for the purpose of opening the electric circuit if the current reaches a value that causes an excessive or dangerous temperature in the conductor or conductor insulation. (b) The grounded conductor of a circuit must not be disconnected by a switch...

  7. 46 CFR 183.372 - Equipment and conductor grounding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Equipment and conductor grounding. 183.372 Section 183... conductor grounding. (a) All metallic enclosures and frames of electrical equipment must be permanently... equipment must be bonded together to a common ground by a normally non-current carrying conductor. Metallic...

  8. 46 CFR 183.380 - Overcurrent protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...) Overcurrent protection must be provided for each ungrounded conductor for the purpose of opening the electric circuit if the current reaches a value that causes an excessive or dangerous temperature in the conductor or conductor insulation. (b) The grounded conductor of a circuit must not be disconnected by a switch...

  9. 30 CFR 77.503 - Electric conductors; capacity and insulation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Electric conductors; capacity and insulation... UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Electrical Equipment-General § 77.503 Electric conductors; capacity and insulation. Electric conductors shall be sufficient in size and have adequate current carrying capacity and be of such...

  10. 30 CFR 57.12048 - Communication conductors on power poles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Communication conductors on power poles. 57... MINES Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12048 Communication conductors on power poles. Telegraph, telephone, or signal wires shall not be installed on the same crossarm with power conductors. When carried...

  11. 30 CFR 75.513-1 - Electric conductor; size.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Electric conductor; size. 75.513-1 Section 75.513-1 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY... Electric conductor; size. An electric conductor is not of sufficient size to have adequate carrying...

  12. 30 CFR 56.12048 - Communication conductors on power poles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Communication conductors on power poles. 56... Electricity § 56.12048 Communication conductors on power poles. Telegraph, telephone, or signal wires shall not be installed on the same crossarm with power conductors. When carried on poles supporting...

  13. 30 CFR 77.503 - Electric conductors; capacity and insulation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Electric conductors; capacity and insulation... UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Electrical Equipment-General § 77.503 Electric conductors; capacity and insulation. Electric conductors shall be sufficient in size and have adequate current carrying capacity and be of such...

  14. 21 CFR 868.1920 - Esophageal stethoscope with electrical conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Esophageal stethoscope with electrical conductors... stethoscope with electrical conductors. (a) Identification. An esophageal stethoscope with electrical conductors is a device that is inserted into the esophagus to listen to a patient's heart and breath sounds...

  15. 30 CFR 56.12048 - Communication conductors on power poles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Communication conductors on power poles. 56... Electricity § 56.12048 Communication conductors on power poles. Telegraph, telephone, or signal wires shall not be installed on the same crossarm with power conductors. When carried on poles supporting...

  16. 46 CFR 120.372 - Equipment and conductor grounding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Equipment and conductor grounding. 120.372 Section 120... INSTALLATION Power Sources and Distribution Systems § 120.372 Equipment and conductor grounding. (a) All... together to a common ground by a normally non-current carrying conductor. Metallic cases of instruments and...

  17. 33 CFR 183.455 - Overcurrent protection: General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ....455 Overcurrent protection: General. (a) Each ungrounded current-carrying conductor must be protected... breaker or fuse must be placed at the source of power for each circuit or conductor except: (1) If it is... seven inches of the source of power for each circuit or conductor measured along the conductor. (2) If...

  18. 30 CFR 57.12005 - Protection of power conductors from mobile equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Protection of power conductors from mobile... NONMETAL MINES Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12005 Protection of power conductors from mobile equipment. Mobile equipment shall not run over power conductors, nor shall loads be dragged over power...

  19. 21 CFR 868.1920 - Esophageal stethoscope with electrical conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Esophageal stethoscope with electrical conductors... stethoscope with electrical conductors. (a) Identification. An esophageal stethoscope with electrical conductors is a device that is inserted into the esophagus to listen to a patient's heart and breath sounds...

  20. 30 CFR 75.513-1 - Electric conductor; size.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Electric conductor; size. 75.513-1 Section 75.513-1 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY... Electric conductor; size. An electric conductor is not of sufficient size to have adequate carrying...

  1. 30 CFR 75.513-1 - Electric conductor; size.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Electric conductor; size. 75.513-1 Section 75... AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Electrical Equipment-General § 75.513-1 Electric conductor; size. An electric conductor is not of sufficient size to have adequate carrying...

  2. 30 CFR 75.513-1 - Electric conductor; size.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Electric conductor; size. 75.513-1 Section 75... AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Electrical Equipment-General § 75.513-1 Electric conductor; size. An electric conductor is not of sufficient size to have adequate carrying...

  3. 30 CFR 75.513-1 - Electric conductor; size.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Electric conductor; size. 75.513-1 Section 75... AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Electrical Equipment-General § 75.513-1 Electric conductor; size. An electric conductor is not of sufficient size to have adequate carrying...

  4. 30 CFR 77.508 - Lightning arresters, ungrounded and exposed power conductors and telephone wires.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... power conductors and telephone wires. 77.508 Section 77.508 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH... arresters, ungrounded and exposed power conductors and telephone wires. All ungrounded, exposed power conductors and telephone wires shall be equipped with suitable lightning arresters which are adequately...

  5. 30 CFR 77.508 - Lightning arresters, ungrounded and exposed power conductors and telephone wires.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... power conductors and telephone wires. 77.508 Section 77.508 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH... arresters, ungrounded and exposed power conductors and telephone wires. All ungrounded, exposed power conductors and telephone wires shall be equipped with suitable lightning arresters which are adequately...

  6. Conditioning flat conductors for flat conductor cable production

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1968-01-01

    Apparatus can straighten, anneal, clean, and a tension to stretch a cable one percent to assure uniform cross-sectional area. A conductor passes through temperature controlled distilled water and through a toroid coil. As The conductor enters the water, steam performs the cleaning action. Quenching and annealing also take place.

  7. 46 CFR 111.50-3 - Protection of conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Protection of conductors. 111.50-3 Section 111.50-3...-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Overcurrent Protection § 111.50-3 Protection of conductors. (a) Purpose. The purpose of overcurrent protection for conductors is to open the electric circuit if the current reaches a...

  8. 46 CFR 111.50-3 - Protection of conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Protection of conductors. 111.50-3 Section 111.50-3...-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Overcurrent Protection § 111.50-3 Protection of conductors. (a) Purpose. The purpose of overcurrent protection for conductors is to open the electric circuit if the current reaches a...

  9. 30 CFR 77.700-1 - Approved methods of grounding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... in resistance grounded systems, where the enclosed conductors are a part of the system, will be approved if a solid connection is made to the neutral conductor; in all other systems, the following... earth; (b) A solid connection to a grounding conductor, other than the neutral conductor of a resistance...

  10. 30 CFR 77.700-1 - Approved methods of grounding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... in resistance grounded systems, where the enclosed conductors are a part of the system, will be approved if a solid connection is made to the neutral conductor; in all other systems, the following... earth; (b) A solid connection to a grounding conductor, other than the neutral conductor of a resistance...

  11. The effect of conductor permeability on electric current transducers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mirzaei, M.; Ripka, P.; Chirtsov, A.; Kaspar, P.; Vyhnanek, J.

    2018-04-01

    In this paper, experimental works and theoretical analysis are presented to analyze the influence of the conductor permeability on the precision of yokeless current sensors. The results of finite-element method (FEM) fit well the measured field values around the conductor. Finally we evaluate the difference in magnetic fields distribution around non-magnetic and magnetic conductor. The calculated values show that the permeability of the ferromagnetic conductor significally affects the reading of the electric current sensors even at DC.

  12. Temperature profile detector

    DOEpatents

    Tokarz, Richard D.

    1983-01-01

    A temperature profile detector shown as a tubular enclosure surrounding an elongated electrical conductor having a plurality of meltable conductive segments surrounding it. Duplicative meltable segments are spaced apart from one another along the length of the enclosure. Electrical insulators surround these elements to confine molten material from the segments in bridging contact between the conductor and a second electrical conductor, which might be the confining tube. The location and rate of growth of the resulting short circuits between the two conductors can be monitored by measuring changes in electrical resistance between terminals at both ends of the two conductors. Additional conductors and separate sets of meltable segments operational at differing temperatures can be monitored simultaneously for measuring different temperature profiles.

  13. Cryogenic vacuumm RF feedthrough device

    DOEpatents

    Wu, Genfa [Yorktown, VA; Phillips, Harry Lawrence [Hayes, VA

    2008-12-30

    A cryogenic vacuum rf feedthrough device comprising: 1) a probe for insertion into a particle beam; 2) a coaxial cable comprising an inner conductor and an outer conductor, a dielectric/insulating layer surrounding the inner conductor, the latter being connected to the probe for the transmission of higher mode rf energy from the probe; and 3) a high thermal conductivity stub attached to the coaxial dielectric about and in thermal contact with the inner conductor which high thermal conductivity stub transmits heat generated in the vicinity of the probe efficiently and radially from the area of the probe and inner conductor all while maintaining useful rf transmission line characteristics between the inner and outer coaxial conductors.

  14. Multiwire conductor having greatly increased interwire resistance and method for making same

    DOEpatents

    Luhman, T.; Suenaga, M.

    1982-03-15

    An improved multiwire conductor of the type which is mechanically stabilized by a tin based solder filler is described. A solder filled conductor is heated to a temperature above its melting point for a period long enough to allow a substantial amount of copper to be dissolved from the wires comprising the conductor. The copper forms the brittle intermetallic compound Cu/sub 5/Sn/sub 6/ with tin in the solder. After cooling the conductor is flexed causing a random cracking of the solder, and thereby increasing the interwire resistance of the conductor. The subject invention is particularly adapted for use with braided, ribbon-type solder filled superconductors.

  15. Electron launching voltage monitor

    DOEpatents

    Mendel, Clifford W.; Savage, Mark E.

    1992-01-01

    An electron launching voltage monitor measures MITL voltage using a relationship between anode electric field and electron current launched from a cathode-mounted perturbation. An electron launching probe extends through and is spaced from the edge of an opening in a first MITL conductor, one end of the launching probe being in the gap between the MITL conductor, the other end being adjacent a first side of the first conductor away from the second conductor. A housing surrounds the launching probe and electrically connects the first side of the first conductor to the other end of the launching probe. A detector detects the current passing through the housing to the launching probe, the detected current being representative of the voltage between the conductors.

  16. Unsplit bipolar pulse forming line

    DOEpatents

    Rhodes, Mark A [Pleasanton, CA

    2011-05-24

    A bipolar pulse forming transmission line module and system for linear induction accelerators having first, second, third, and fourth planar conductors which form a sequentially arranged interleaved stack having opposing first and second ends, with dielectric layers between the conductors. The first and second planar conductors are connected to each other at the first end, and the first and fourth planar conductors are connected to each other at the second end via a shorting plate. The third planar conductor is electrically connectable to a high voltage source, and an internal switch functions to short at the first end a high voltage from the third planar conductor to the fourth planar conductor to produce a bipolar pulse at the acceleration axis with a zero net time integral. Improved access to the switch is enabled by an aperture through the shorting plate and the proximity of the aperture to the switch.

  17. Transverse mixing of simulated piscicides in small montane streams

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Brown, Peter J.; Ard, Jenifer L.; Zale, Alexander V.

    2012-01-01

    Thorough mixing of piscicides into receiving waters is important for efficient and effective fish eradication. However, no guidance exists for the placement of drip stations with respect to mixing. Salt (NaCl) was used as a tracer to measure the mixing rates of center versus edge applications in riffle–pool, straight, and meandering sections of montane streams. The tracer was applied at either the center or the edge of a channel and measured with a conductivity meter across a downstream grid to determine the distances at which transverse mixing was complete. No advantage was accrued by applying piscicides in different types of channels because transverse mixing distance did not differ among them. However, mixing distance was significantly shorter at center applications. Chemicals entering a stream at the center of the channel mixed thoroughly within 10 stream widths, whereas chemicals entering a stream channel at the edge mixed thoroughly within 20 stream widths.

  18. 30 CFR 75.804 - Underground high-voltage cables.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... grounded systems shall be equipped with metallic shields around each power conductor with one or more ground conductors having a total cross sectional area of not less than one-half the power conductor, and with an insulated external conductor not smaller than No. 8 (A.W.G.) or an insulated internal ground...

  19. 30 CFR 75.804 - Underground high-voltage cables.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... grounded systems shall be equipped with metallic shields around each power conductor with one or more ground conductors having a total cross sectional area of not less than one-half the power conductor, and with an insulated external conductor not smaller than No. 8 (A.W.G.) or an insulated internal ground...

  20. Current sensor

    DOEpatents

    Yakymyshyn, Christopher Paul; Brubaker, Michael Allen; Yakymyshyn, Pamela Jane

    2007-01-16

    A current sensor is described that uses a plurality of magnetic field sensors positioned around a current carrying conductor. The sensor can be hinged to allow clamping to a conductor. The current sensor provides high measurement accuracy for both DC and AC currents, and is substantially immune to the effects of temperature, conductor position, nearby current carrying conductors and aging.

  1. 46 CFR 111.60-4 - Minimum cable conductor size.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Minimum cable conductor size. 111.60-4 Section 111.60-4 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS... conductor must be #18 AWG (0.82 mm2) or larger except— (a) Each power and lighting cable conductor must be...

  2. 46 CFR 111.60-4 - Minimum cable conductor size.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Minimum cable conductor size. 111.60-4 Section 111.60-4 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS... conductor must be #18 AWG (0.82 mm2) or larger except— (a) Each power and lighting cable conductor must be...

  3. 46 CFR 111.60-4 - Minimum cable conductor size.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Minimum cable conductor size. 111.60-4 Section 111.60-4 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS... conductor must be #18 AWG (0.82 mm2) or larger except— (a) Each power and lighting cable conductor must be...

  4. Electromagnetic wrap

    DOEpatents

    Tremblay, Paul L [Idaho Falls, ID; Scott, Jill R [Idaho Falls, ID

    2010-09-28

    A device and method for altering the line reactance of a transmission line having a transmission line, a first floating conductor and a grounding (shielding) conductor. The first floating conductor is positioned between and electrically insulated from the transmission line and the grounding conductor. A source and a load are connected at opposite ends of the transmission line.

  5. 66. DETAIL OF LAUNCH CONDUCTOR AND ASSISTANT LAUNCH CONDUCTOR PANELS ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    66. DETAIL OF LAUNCH CONDUCTOR AND ASSISTANT LAUNCH CONDUCTOR PANELS IN CONSOLE LOCATED CENTRALLY IN SLC-3E CONTROL ROOM. FROM LEFT TO RIGHT IN BACKGROUND: LAUNCH OPERATOR, LAUNCH ANALYST, AND FACILITIES PANELS. - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Operations Building, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

  6. Method of making and structure for monolithic optical circuits

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Evanchuk, Vincent L. (Inventor)

    1983-01-01

    A method for making monolithic optical circuits, with related optical devices as required or desired, on a supporting surface (10) consists of coating the supporting surface with reflecting metal or cladding resin, spreading a layer of liquid radiation senstivie plastic (12) on the surface, exposing the liquid plastic with a mask (14) to cure it in a desired pattern of light conductors (16, 18, 20), washing away the unexposed liquid plastic, and coating the conductors thus formed with reflective metal or cladding resin. The index of refraction for the cladding (22) is selected to be lower than for the conductors so that light in the conductors will be reflected by the interface with the cladding. For multiple level conductors, as where one conductor must cross over another, the process may be repeated to fabricate a bridge with columns (24, 26) of conductors to the next level, and conductor (28) between the columns. For more efficient transfer of energy over the bridge, faces at 45.degree. may be formed to reflect light up and across the bridge.

  7. Progressing in cable-in-conduit for fusion magnets: from ITER to low cost, high performance DEMO

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Uglietti, D.; Sedlak, K.; Wesche, R.; Bruzzone, P.; Muzzi, L.; della Corte, A.

    2018-05-01

    The performance of ITER toroidal field (TF) conductors still have a significant margin for improvement because the effective strain between ‑0.62% and ‑0.95% limits the strands’ critical current between 15% and 45% of the maximum achievable. Prototype Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit conductors have been designed, manufactured and tested in the frame of the EUROfusion DEMO activities. In these conductors the effective strain has shown a clear improvement with respect to the ITER conductors, reaching values between ‑0.55% and ‑0.28%, resulting in a strand critical current which is two to three times higher than in ITER conductors. In terms of the amount of Nb3Sn strand required for the construction of the DEMO TF magnet system, such improvement may lead to a reduction of at least a factor of two with respect to a similar magnet built with ITER type conductors; a further saving of Nb3Sn is possible if graded conductors/windings are employed. In the best case the DEMO TF magnet could require fewer Nb3Sn strands than the ITER one, despite the larger size of DEMO. Moreover high performance conductors could be operated at higher fields than ITER TF conductors, enabling the construction of low cost, compact, high field tokamaks.

  8. On the electron density localization in elemental cubic ceramic and FCC transition metals by means of a localized electrons detector.

    PubMed

    Aray, Yosslen; Paredes, Ricardo; Álvarez, Luis Javier; Martiz, Alejandro

    2017-06-14

    The electron density localization in insulator and semiconductor elemental cubic materials with diamond structure, carbon, silicon, germanium, and tin, and good metallic conductors with face centered cubic structure such as α-Co, Ni, Cu, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, and Au, was studied using a localized electrons detector defined in the local moment representation. Our results clearly show an opposite pattern of the electron density localization for the cubic ceramic and transition metal materials. It was found that, for the elemental ceramic materials, the zone of low electron localization is very small and is mainly localized on the atomic basin edges. On the contrary, for the transition metals, there are low-valued localized electrons detector isocontours defining a zone of highly delocalized electrons that extends throughout the material. We have found that the best conductors are those in which the electron density at this low-value zone is the lowest.

  9. Search for narrow-width tt(bar) resonances in pp(bar) collisons at sqrt(s)=1.8TeV

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jain, Supriya

    2004-03-01

    We present a preliminary result on a search for narrow-width resonances that decay into ttbar pairs using 130 pb^{-1} of lepton plus jets data in ppbar collisions at center of mass energy = 1.8 TeV. No significant deviation from Standard Model prediction is observed. 95% C.L. upper limits on the production cross section of the narrow-width resonance times its branching fraction to ttbar are presented for different resonance masses, M_X. We also exclude the existence of a leptophobic topcolor particle, X, with M_X < 560 GeV/c^2 for a width \\Gamma_X = 0.012 M_X.

  10. Theoretical Investigation of Optical Detection and Recognition of Single Biological Molecules Using Coherent Dynamics of Exciton-Plasmon Coupling

    PubMed Central

    Sadeghi, S. M.; Hood, B.; Patty, K. D.; Mao, C.-B.

    2013-01-01

    We use quantum coherence in a system consisting of one metallic nanorod and one semi-conductor quantum dot to investigate a plasmonic nanosensor capable of digital optical detection and recognition of single biological molecules. In such a sensor the adsorption of a specific molecule to the nanorod turns off the emission of the system when it interacts with an optical pulse having a certain intensity and temporal width. The proposed quantum sensors can count the number of molecules of the same type or differentiate between molecule types with digital optical signals that can be measured with high certainty. We show that these sensors are based on the ultrafast upheaval of coherent dynamics of the system and the removal of coherent blockage of energy transfer from the quantum dot to the nanorod once the adsorption process has occurred. PMID:24040424

  11. Electrostatic MEMS devices with high reliability

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Goldsmith, Charles L; Auciello, Orlando H; Sumant, Anirudha V

    The present invention provides for an electrostatic microelectromechanical (MEMS) device comprising a dielectric layer separating a first conductor and a second conductor. The first conductor is moveable towards the second conductor, when a voltage is applied to the MEMS device. The dielectric layer recovers from dielectric charging failure almost immediately upon removal of the voltage from the MEMS device.

  12. 33 CFR 183.430 - Conductors in circuits of less than 50 volts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Conductors in circuits of less... Requirements § 183.430 Conductors in circuits of less than 50 volts. (a) Each conductor in a circuit that has a... Standard 1128. (b) This section does not apply to communication systems; electronic navigation equipment...

  13. 33 CFR 183.430 - Conductors in circuits of less than 50 volts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Conductors in circuits of less... Requirements § 183.430 Conductors in circuits of less than 50 volts. (a) Each conductor in a circuit that has a... Standard 1128. (b) This section does not apply to communication systems; electronic navigation equipment...

  14. 33 CFR 183.430 - Conductors in circuits of less than 50 volts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Conductors in circuits of less... Requirements § 183.430 Conductors in circuits of less than 50 volts. (a) Each conductor in a circuit that has a... Standard 1128. (b) This section does not apply to communication systems; electronic navigation equipment...

  15. 33 CFR 183.430 - Conductors in circuits of less than 50 volts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Conductors in circuits of less... Requirements § 183.430 Conductors in circuits of less than 50 volts. (a) Each conductor in a circuit that has a... Standard 1128. (b) This section does not apply to communication systems; electronic navigation equipment...

  16. 33 CFR 183.430 - Conductors in circuits of less than 50 volts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Conductors in circuits of less... Requirements § 183.430 Conductors in circuits of less than 50 volts. (a) Each conductor in a circuit that has a... Standard 1128. (b) This section does not apply to communication systems; electronic navigation equipment...

  17. Convectively cooled electrical grid structure

    DOEpatents

    Paterson, J.A.; Koehler, G.W.

    1980-11-10

    Undesirable distortions of electrical grid conductors from thermal cycling are minimized and related problems such as unwanted thermionic emission and structural failure from overheating are avoided by providing for a flow of fluid coolant within each conductor. The conductors are secured at each end to separate flexible support elements which accommodate to individual longitudinal expansion and contraction of each conductor while resisting lateral displacements, the coolant flow preferably being directed into and out of each conductor through passages in the flexible support elements. The grid may have a modular or divided construction which facilitates manufacture and repairs.

  18. Temperature limited heaters using phase transformation of ferromagnetic material

    DOEpatents

    Vitek, John Michael [Oak Ridge, TN; Brady, Michael Patrick [Oak Ridge, TN

    2009-10-06

    Systems, methods, and heaters for treating a subsurface formation are described herein. Systems and methods for making heaters are described herein. At least one heater includes a ferromagnetic conductor and an electrical conductor. The electrical conductor is electrically coupled to the ferromagnetic conductor. The heater provides a first amount of heat at a lower temperature. The heater may provide a second reduced amount of heat when the heater reaches a selected temperature, or enters a selected temperature range, at which the ferromagnetic conductor undergoes a phase transformation.

  19. Liquid level detector

    DOEpatents

    Tokarz, Richard D.

    1982-01-01

    A liquid level sensor having a pair of upright conductors spaced by an insulator defining a first high resistance path between the conductors. An electrically conductive path is interposed between the upright conductors at a discrete location at which liquid level is to be measured. It includes a liquid accessible gap of a dimension such that the electrical resistance across the conductor when the gap is filled with the liquid is detectably less than when the gap is emptied. The conductor might also be physically altered by temperature changes to serve also as an indicator of elevated temperature.

  20. High temperature superconducting composite conductor and method for manufacturing the same

    DOEpatents

    Holesinger, Terry G.; Bingert, John F.

    2002-01-01

    A high temperature superconducting composite conductor is provided including a high temperature superconducting material surrounded by a noble metal layer, the high temperature superconducting composite conductor characterized as having a fill factor of greater than about 40. Additionally, the conductor can be further characterized as containing multiple cores of high temperature superconducting material surrounded by a noble metal layer, said multiple cores characterized as having substantially uniform geometry in the cross-sectional dimensions. Processes of forming such a high temperature superconducting composite conductor are also provided.

  1. Liquid-level detector

    DOEpatents

    Not Available

    1981-01-29

    Aliquid level sensor is described which has a pair of upright conductors spaced by an insulator defining a first high resistance path between the conductors. An electrically conductive path is interposed between the upright conductors at a discrete location at which liquid level is to be measured. It includes a liquid accessible gap of a dimension such that the electrical resistance across the conductor when the gap is filled with the liquid is detectably less than when the gap is emptied. The conductor might also be physically altered by temperature changes to serve also as an indicator of elevated temperature.

  2. Electron launching voltage monitor

    DOEpatents

    Mendel, C.W.; Savage, M.E.

    1992-03-17

    An electron launching voltage monitor measures MITL voltage using a relationship between anode electric field and electron current launched from a cathode-mounted perturbation. An electron launching probe extends through and is spaced from the edge of an opening in a first MITL conductor, one end of the launching probe being in the gap between the MITL conductor, the other end being adjacent a first side of the first conductor away from the second conductor. A housing surrounds the launching probe and electrically connects the first side of the first conductor to the other end of the launching probe. A detector detects the current passing through the housing to the launching probe, the detected current being representative of the voltage between the conductors. 5 figs.

  3. 75 FR 69165 - Conductor Certification

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-10

    ...FRA proposes to prescribe regulations for certification of conductors, as required by the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008. The proposed rule would require railroads to have a formal program for certifying conductors. As part of that program, railroads would be required to have a formal process for training prospective conductors and determining that all persons are competent before permitting them to serve as a conductor. FRA is proposing this regulation to ensure that only those persons who meet minimum Federal safety standards serve as conductors, to reduce the rate and number of accidents and incidents, and to improve railroad safety. Although this NPRM does not propose any specific amendments to the regulation governing locomotive engineer certification, it does highlight areas in that regulation that may require conforming changes.

  4. Wire perturbations in the Staffman-Taylor problem

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hong, D. C.

    1988-01-01

    Zocchi et al. (1987) discovered that when two wires are symmetrically placed along the center of a Hele-Shaw cell, symmetric but narrow fingers of dimensionless width lambda less than 0.5 develop. The value of lambda decreases as the pushing velocity increases, but at a certain critical finger width the finger suddenly undergoes a transition to the asymmetrical state. A simple theory to predict this critical finger width as a function of D, the dimensionless distance between two wires is developed by assuming that the finger opens up a negative angle at the contact point.

  5. --No Title--

    Science.gov Websites

    ;background:url(/technical-assistance/assets/images/ajax-loader.gif) center center no-repeat}.btn-long{font-size :0 0 10px}.btn-long{height:80px}}@media only screen and (min-width :1200px){.btn-long{height:60px

  6. Present status and future prospect of coated conductor development and its application in Japan

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shiohara, Y.; Yoshizumi, M.; Izumi, T.; Yamada, Y.

    2008-03-01

    The current national project on coated conductors using Y-system superconductors has been carried out over the project period (FY2003-FY2007). In this paper, the current status and the future prospect of this project are reviewed. The high performance tape development group, consisting of Fujikura and SRL-NCCC, has worked on the tape by PLD-REBCO superconducting layers on PLD-CeO2/IBAD-GZO buffered substrates. A high product of Ic and L, higher than 112 166 A m, was achieved in a 368 m-304.8 A GdBCO tape whose Ic value is mostly above 350 A/cm in width. The performance under magnetic field was also improved up to 42 A at 3 T in a GdBCO short film with doping of ZrO2. 61 m long GdBCO tape with ZrO2 doping showed a high Ic value of 220 A at self field and 30 A at 3 T. On the other hand, another group focusing on low production cost has worked on TFA-MOD and MOCVD processes. The extremely high Ic value of 735 A/cm-w was obtained in TFA-MOD films on PLD-CeO2/IBAD-GZO/Hastelloy substrate due to the effect of Ba-poor nominal composition. In efforts towards long tape production by the SWCC group, a 200 m long tape with a high Ic value of 200 A/cm-w was obtained using a batch-type furnace. The Ic × L value of this tape was 40 000 A m, which is the highest value in the world obtained by the TFA-MOD process. Based on the above achievements in coated conductor process development, two new additional goals were set in the project. One is the development of extremely low cost tape and the other is the development of the basic technologies for making electric power devices of cables, transformers, motors, current-limiters and cryocoolers. Some of the new investigations have already revealed marvellous results, such as a 15 kW motor, low AC loss coils, low AC loss cables, etc.

  7. Nuclear instrumentation cable end seal

    DOEpatents

    Cannon, Collins P.; Brown, Donald P.

    1979-01-01

    An improved coaxial end seal for hermetically sealed nuclear instrumentation cable exhibiting an improved breakdown pulse noise characteristic under high voltage, high temperature conditions. A tubular insulator body has metallized interior and exterior surface portions which are braze sealed to a center conductor and an outer conductive sheath. The end surface of the insulator body which is directed toward the coaxial cable to which it is sealed has a recessed surface portion within which the braze seal material terminates.

  8. Exodus - Distributed artificial intelligence for Shuttle firing rooms

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Heard, Astrid E.

    1990-01-01

    This paper describes the Expert System for Operations Distributed Users (EXODUS), a knowledge-based artificial intelligence system developed for the four Firing Rooms at the Kennedy Space Center. EXODUS is used by the Shuttle engineers and test conductors to monitor and control the sequence of tasks required for processing and launching Shuttle vehicles. In this paper, attention is given to the goals and the design of EXODUS, the operational requirements, and the extensibility of the technology.

  9. Enhanced and asymmetric melting beneath the southern Mariana back-arc spreading ridge under the influence of the Pacific plate subduction

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Matsuno, T.; Seama, N.; Shindo, H.; Nogi, Y.; Okino, K.

    2017-12-01

    Back-arc spreading ridges in the southern Mariana Trough are slow-spreading ridges but have features suggesting enhanced melting beneath the ridges and influences on seafloor spreading processes by fluid derived from the subducted Pacific slab underlying the ridges. To reveal melting and dehydration processes and dynamics in the upper mantle in the southern Mariana Trough, we conducted a marine magnetotelluric (MT) experiment along a 120 km-length transect across a ridge segment at 13°N. We obtained electromagnetic field data at 9 stations along the transect, and analyzed them for estimating MT responses, striping seafloor topographic distortion from the responses, and imaging a 2-D electrical resistivity structure by 2-D inversion of TM-mode responses. A resultant 2-D inversion model showed 1) a conductive area at 10-20 km depth beneath the ridge center, the center of which slightly offsets to the trench side, 2) a moderately conductive area expanding asymmetrically around and under the conductor of 1), 3) a resistive area thickening from the ridge center up to about 40 km on the remnant arc side, and 4) a resistive area with a constant thickness of about 150 km on the trench side. These model features suggest 1) a melt body beneath the ridge center, possibly containing slab-derived water 2) water- and melt-retained mantle area produced by hydration of the back-arc mantle wedge and asymmetric passive decompression melting in the hydrous mantle wedge, 3) cooled and residual lithospheric mantle off the ridge center, and 4) mantle wedge and subducted Pacific lithospheric mantle that are both cold and depleted. The electrical resistivity structure obtained in the southern Mariana Trough, which clearly contrasts with the structure of the central Mariana Trough at 18°N in that this lacks a conductor beneath the ridge center, provides insights on the mantle dynamics and its relation to the characteristic tectonics and many kinds of observational results in the southern Mariana Trough.

  10. Research on the Test of Transmission Line Galloping

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Lichun; Li, Qing; lv, Zhongbin; Ji, Kunpeng; Liu, Bin

    2018-03-01

    The load of iced transmission line and the load generated by galloping after the conductor are covered by ice all may cause severe circuit faults, such as tripping, conductor breaking, armor clamp damage and even tower collapse, thus severely threatening running safety of power system. The generation and development processes of galloping of power transmission line is very complicated, and numerous factors may influence the galloping excitation, such as environmental factors, terrain factors and structural parameters of power transmission line; in which, the ice covering of conductor is one of necessary factors causing galloping. Therefore, researches on ice covering increasing test of different types of conductors under different meteorological conditions have been conducted in large-sized multi-functional phytotron, thus obtaining the relation curve of ice covering increasing of conductor along with time under different conditions, and analyzing factors influencing increasing of ice covering. The research result shows that under the same ice covering conditions, the increasing of ice covering of conductor with small diameter is relatively rapid; both environmental temperature and wind speed have obvious influence on increasing of ice covering of conductor, and the environmental temperature will decide the type of ice covering of conductor surface. Meanwhile, after wind tunnel tests targeting conductors with different ice covering shapes, pneumatic stability loss characteristics of conductors with different ice shapes have been obtained. Research results have important scientific reference value for revealing the mechanism of galloping of iced power transmission line, and have relatively high engineering practicability value for promoting realization of early warning system for galloping of iced power transmission line.

  11. Assessment of the noise annoyance among subway train conductors in Tehran, Iran.

    PubMed

    Hamidi, Mansoureh; Kavousi, Amir; Zaheri, Somayeh; Hamadani, Abolfazl; Mirkazemi, Roksana

    2014-01-01

    Subway transportation system is a new phenomenon in Iran. Noise annoyance interferes with the individual's task performance, and the required alertness in the driving of subway trains. This is the first study conducted to measure the level of noise and noise annoyance among conductors of subway organization in Tehran, Iran. This cross sectional study was conducted among 167 randomly selected train conductors. Information related to noise annoyance was collected by using a self-administered questionnaire. The dosimetry and sound metering was done for the conductors and inside the cabins. There were 41 sound metering measuring samples inside the conductors' cabin, and there were 12 samples of conductors' noise exposure. The results of sound level meter showed that the mean Leq was 73.0 dBA ± 8.7 dBA and the dosimetry mean measured Leq was 82.1 dBA ± 6.8 dBA. 80% of conductors were very annoyed/annoyed by noise in their work place. 53.9% of conductors reported that noise affected their work performance and 63.5% reported that noise causes that they lose their concentration. The noise related to movement of train wheels on rail was reported as the worst by 83.2% followed by the noise of brakes (74.3%) and the ventilation noise (71.9%). 56.9% of conductors reported that they are suffering from sleeplessness, 40.1% from tinnitus and 80.2% feeling fatigue and sleepy. The study results showed the high level of noise and noise annoyance among train conductors and the poor health outcome of their exposure to this level of noise.

  12. ELECTRON DISCHARGE DEVICE

    DOEpatents

    Graham, M.H.

    1962-09-18

    A barrier-grid storage tube and an improved means for writing and reading of information in such a tube are described. A triax cable is provided in the reading and writing circuit and includes a coiled portion. The inner conductor of the cable is connected to the back plate of the barrier grid target assembly of the storage tube, the middle conductor of the cable is connected to a shielding member encompassing the target assembly and this member supports the barrier grid of the assembly, and the outer conductor of the cable is connected to an external shreld surrounding the target assembly. A source of writing sr- gnals is connected between the rnner conductor and middle conductor of said cable. Both the middle and outer conductors are connected to ground at the source end, and a small trimmer condenser is connected between the external shield and the source end of the inner conductor of the cable to compensate for the direct back plate-to-ground capacity due to the imperfect shielding of the barrier grid. The coiled portion of the cable provides for an output signal to a secondary corl coupled thereto. The grounded outer conductor serves as a means for preventing an output signal being applied to the coiled portion of the cable on application of writing signals to the inner and middle conductors of the cable. (AEC)

  13. Effects of Conductor Baton Use on Band and Choral Musicians' Perceptions of Conductor Expressivity and Clarity

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nápoles, Jessica; Silvey, Brian A.

    2017-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to examine participants' (college band and choral musicians, N = 143) perceptions of conductor clarity and expressivity after viewing band and choral directors conducting with or without a baton. One band and one choral conductor each prepared and conducted two excerpts of Guy Forbes's "O Nata Lux", a piece…

  14. High conductivity composite metal

    DOEpatents

    Zhou, Ruoyi; Smith, James L.; Embury, John David

    1998-01-01

    Electrical conductors and methods of producing them, where the conductors possess both high strength and high conductivity. Conductors are comprised of carbon steel and a material chosen from a group consisting of copper, nickel, silver, and gold. Diffusion barriers are placed between these two materials. The components of a conductor are assembled and then the assembly is subjected to heat treating and mechanical deformation steps.

  15. Microminiature coaxial cable and methods manufacture

    DOEpatents

    Bongianni, Wayne L.

    1986-01-01

    A coaxial cable is provided having a ribbon inner conductor surrounded by a dielectric and a circumferential conductor. The coaxial cable may be microminiature comprising a very thin ribbon strip conductor from between 5 to 15 .mu.m thick and from 150 to 200 .mu.m wide, having a surrounding foamed dielectric or parylene applied thereon by a vapor plasma process and an outer conductor of an adhering high conductivity metal vacuum deposited on the dielectric. Alternately the foam dielectric embodiment may have a contiguous parylene coating applied adjacent the inner conductor or the outer conductor or both. Also, the cable may be fabricated by forming a thin ribbon of strip conductive material into an inner conductor, applying thereabout a dielectric by spraying on a solution of polystyrene and polyethylene and then vacuum depositing and adhering high conductivity metal about the dielectric. The cable strength may be increased by adding glass microfilament fibers or glass microballoons to the solution of polystyrene and polyethylene. Further, the outer conductive layer may be applied by electroless deposition in an aqueous solution rather than by vacuum deposition. A thin coating of parylene is preferably applied to the outer conductor to prevent its oxidation and inhibit mechanical abrasion.

  16. Microminiature coaxial cable and method of manufacture

    DOEpatents

    Bongianni, W.L.

    1989-03-28

    A coaxial cable is provided having a ribbon inner conductor surrounded by a dielectric and a circumferential conductor. The coaxial cable may be microminiature comprising a very thin ribbon strip conductor from between 5 to 15 [mu]m thick and from 150 to 200 [mu]m wide, having a surrounding foamed dielectric or parylene applied thereon by a vapor plasma process and an outer conductor of an adhering high conductivity metal vacuum deposited on the dielectric. Alternately, the foam dielectric embodiment may have a contiguous parylene coating applied adjacent the inner conductor or the outer conductor or both. Also, the cable may be fabricated by forming a thin ribbon of strip conductive material into an inner conductor, applying thereabout a dielectric by spraying on a solution of polystyrene and polyethylene and then vacuum depositing and adhering high conductivity metal about the dielectric. The cable strength may be increased by adding glass microfilament fibers or glass microspheres to the solution of polystyrene and polyethylene. Further, the outer conductive layer may be applied by electroless deposition in an aqueous solution rather than by vacuum deposition. A thin coating of parylene is preferably applied to the outer conductor to prevent its oxidation and inhibit mechanical abrasion. 2 figs.

  17. Microminiature coaxial cable and method of manufacture

    DOEpatents

    Bongianni, Wayne L.

    1989-01-01

    A coaxial cable is provided having a ribbon inner conductor surrounded by a dielectric and a circumferential conductor. The coaxial cable may be microminiature comprising a very thin ribbon strip conductor from between 5 to 15 .mu.m thick and from 150 to 200 .mu.m wide, having a surrounding foamed dielectric or parylene applied thereon by a vapor plasma process and an outer conductor of an adhering high conductivity metal vacuum deposited on the dielectric. Alternately, the foam dielectric embodiment may have a contiguous parylene coating applied adjacent the inner conductor or the outer conductor or both. Also, the cable may be fabricated by forming a thin ribbon of strip conductive material into an inner conductor, applying thereabout a dielectric by spraying on a solution of polystyrene and polyethylene and then vacuum depositing and adhering high conductivity metal about the dielectric. The cable strength may be increased by adding glass microfilament fibers or glass microspheres to the solution of polystyrene and polyethylene. Further, the outer conductive layer may be applied by electroless deposition in an aqueous solution rather than by vacuum deposition. A thin coating of parylene is preferably applied to the outer conductor to prevent its oxidation and inhibit mechanical abrasion.

  18. Microminiature coaxial cable and methods of manufacture

    DOEpatents

    Bongianni, W.L.

    1983-12-29

    A coaxial cable is provided having a ribbon inner conductor surrounded by a dielectric and a circumferential conductor. The coaxial cable may be microminiature comprising a very thin ribbon strip conductor from between 5 to 15 ..mu..m thick and from 150 to 200 ..mu..m wide, having a surrounding foamed dielectric or parylene applied thereon by a vapor plasma process and an outer conductor of an adhering high conductivity metal vacuum deposited on the dieleectric. Alternately the foam dielectric embodiment may have a contiguous parylene coating applied adjacent the inner conductor or the outer conductor or both. Also, the cable may be fabricated by forming a thin ribbon of strip conductive material into an inner conductor, applying thereabout a dielectric by spraying on a solution of polystyrene and polyethylene and then vacuum depositing and adhering high conductivity metal about the dielectric. The cable strength may be increased by adding glass microfilament fibers or glass microballoons to the solution of polystyrene and polyethylene. Further, the outer conductive layer may be applied by electroless deposition in an aqueous solution rather than by vacuum deposition. A thin coating of parylene is preferably applied to the outer conductor to prevent its oxidation and inhibit mechanical abrasion.

  19. Microminiature coaxial cable and methods manufacture

    DOEpatents

    Bongianni, W.L.

    1986-04-08

    A coaxial cable is provided having a ribbon inner conductor surrounded by a dielectric and a circumferential conductor. The coaxial cable may be microminiature comprising a very thin ribbon strip conductor from between 5 to 15 [mu]m thick and from 150 to 200 [mu]m wide, having a surrounding foamed dielectric or parylene applied thereon by a vapor plasma process and an outer conductor of an adhering high conductivity metal vacuum deposited on the dielectric. Alternately the foam dielectric embodiment may have a contiguous parylene coating applied adjacent the inner conductor or the outer conductor or both. Also, the cable may be fabricated by forming a thin ribbon of strip conductive material into an inner conductor, applying thereabout a dielectric by spraying on a solution of polystyrene and polyethylene and then vacuum depositing and adhering high conductivity metal about the dielectric. The cable strength may be increased by adding glass microfilament fibers or glass microballoons to the solution of polystyrene and polyethylene. Further, the outer conductive layer may be applied by electroless deposition in an aqueous solution rather than by vacuum deposition. A thin coating of parylene is preferably applied to the outer conductor to prevent its oxidation and inhibit mechanical abrasion. 2 figs.

  20. Skin Effect Modeling in Conductors of Arbitrary Shape Through a Surface Admittance Operator and the Contour Integral Method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Patel, Utkarsh R.; Triverio, Piero

    2016-09-01

    An accurate modeling of skin effect inside conductors is of capital importance to solve transmission line and scattering problems. This paper presents a surface-based formulation to model skin effect in conductors of arbitrary cross section, and compute the per-unit-length impedance of a multiconductor transmission line. The proposed formulation is based on the Dirichlet-Neumann operator that relates the longitudinal electric field to the tangential magnetic field on the boundary of a conductor. We demonstrate how the surface operator can be obtained through the contour integral method for conductors of arbitrary shape. The proposed algorithm is simple to implement, efficient, and can handle arbitrary cross-sections, which is a main advantage over the existing approach based on eigenfunctions, which is available only for canonical conductor's shapes. The versatility of the method is illustrated through a diverse set of examples, which includes transmission lines with trapezoidal, curved, and V-shaped conductors. Numerical results demonstrate the accuracy, versatility, and efficiency of the proposed technique.

  1. Superconducting energy storage magnet

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Boom, Roger W. (Inventor); Eyssa, Yehia M. (Inventor); Abdelsalam, Mostafa K. (Inventor); Huang, Xianrui (Inventor)

    1993-01-01

    A superconducting magnet is formed having composite conductors arrayed in coils having turns which lie on a surface defining substantially a frustum of a cone. The conical angle with respect to the central axis is preferably selected such that the magnetic pressure on the coil at the widest portion of the cone is substantially zero. The magnet structure is adapted for use as an energy storage magnet mounted in an earthen trench or tunnel where the strength the surrounding soil is lower at the top of the trench or tunnel than at the bottom. The composite conductor may be formed having a ripple shape to minimize stresses during charge up and discharge and has a shape for each ripple selected such that the conductor undergoes a minimum amount of bending during the charge and discharge cycle. By minimizing bending, the working of the normal conductor in the composite conductor is minimized, thereby reducing the increase in resistance of the normal conductor that occurs over time as the conductor undergoes bending during numerous charge and discharge cycles.

  2. High voltage feedthrough bushing

    DOEpatents

    Brucker, John P.

    1993-01-01

    A feedthrough bushing for a high voltage diode provides for using compression sealing for all sealing surfaces. A diode assembly includes a central conductor extending through the bushing and a grading ring assembly circumferentially surrounding and coaxial with the central conductor. A flexible conductive plate extends between and compressively seals against the central conductor and the grading ring assembly, wherein the flexibility of the plate allows inner and outer portions of the plate to axially translate for compression sealing against the central conductor and the grading ring assembly, respectively. The inner portion of the plate is bolted to the central conductor for affecting sealing. A compression beam is also bolted to the central conductor and engages the outer portion of the plate to urge the outer portion toward the grading ring assembly to obtain compression sealing therebetween.

  3. Giant quadrupole and monopole resonances in /sup 28/Si

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lui, Y.; Bronson, J.D.; Youngblood, D.H.

    1985-05-01

    Inelastic alpha scattering measurements have been performed for /sup 28/Si at small angles including zero degrees. A total of 66% of the E0 energy-weighted sum rule was identified (using a Satchler version 2 form factor) centered at E/sub x/ = 17.9 MeV having a width of 4.8 MeV and 34% of the E2 energy-weighted sum rule was identified above E/sub x/ = 15.3 MeV centered at 19.0 MeV with a width of 4.4 MeV. The dependence of the extracted E0 strength on form factor and optical potential was explored.

  4. --No Title--

    Science.gov Websites

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  5. --No Title--

    Science.gov Websites

    { background-color: #000; color: #FFF; max-width: 200px; padding: 5px 8px 4px 8px; text-align: center ; }*/ .tipsy-inner { background-color: #f5f5f5; color: midnightblue; max-width: 200px; padding: 6px; text-align ; } /* Rules to colour arrows */ .tipsy-arrow-n { border-bottom-color: #000; } .tipsy-arrow-s { border-top

  6. Casimir effect for perfect electromagnetic conductors (PEMCs): a sum rule for attractive/repulsive forces

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rode, Stefan; Bennett, Robert; Yoshi Buhmann, Stefan

    2018-04-01

    We discuss the Casimir effect for boundary conditions involving perfect electromagnetic conductors, which interpolate between perfect electric conductors and perfect magnetic conductors. Based on the corresponding reciprocal Green’s tensor we construct the Green’s tensor for two perfectly reflecting plates with magnetoelectric coupling (non-reciprocal media) within the framework of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics. We calculate the Casimir force between two arbitrary perfect electromagnetic conductor plates, resulting in a universal analytic expression that connects the attractive Casimir force with the repulsive Boyer force. We relate the results to a duality symmetry of electromagnetism.

  7. Conductor requirements for high-temperature superconducting utility power transformers

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pleva, E. F.; Mehrotra, V.; Schwenterly, S W

    High-temperature superconducting (HTS) coated conductors in utility power transformers must satisfy a set of operating requirements that are driven by two major considerations-HTS transformers must be economically competitive with conventional units, and the conductor must be robust enough to be used in a commercial manufacturing environment. The transformer design and manufacturing process will be described in order to highlight the various requirements that it imposes on the HTS conductor. Spreadsheet estimates of HTS transformer costs allow estimates of the conductor cost required for an HTS transformer to be competitive with a similarly performing conventional unit.

  8. Formation of 2D nanoparticles with block structure in simultaneous electric explosion of conductors

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kryzhevich, Dmitrij S., E-mail: kryzhev@ispms.ru, E-mail: kost@ispms.ru; Zolnikov, Konstantin P., E-mail: kryzhev@ispms.ru, E-mail: kost@ispms.ru; Abdrashitov, Andrei V.

    2014-11-14

    A molecular dynamics simulation of nanoparticle formation in simultaneous electric explosion of conductors is performed. Interatomic interaction is described using potentials calculated in the framework of the embedded atom method. High-rate heating results in failure of the conductors with the formation of nanoparticles. The influence of the heating rate, temperature distribution over the specimen cross-section and the distance between simultaneously exploded conductors on the structure of formed nanoparticles is studied. The calculation results show that the electric explosion of conductors allows the formation of nanoparticles with block structure.

  9. Convectively cooled electrical grid structure

    DOEpatents

    Paterson, James A.; Koehler, Gary W.

    1982-01-01

    Undesirable distortions of electrical grid conductors (12) from thermal cycling are minimized and related problems such as unwanted thermionic emission and structural failure from overheating are avoided by providing for a flow of fluid coolant within each conductor (12). The conductors (12) are secured at each end to separate flexible support elements (16) which accommodate to individual longitudinal expansion and contraction of each conductor (12) while resisting lateral displacements, the coolant flow preferably being directed into and out of each conductor through passages (48) in the flexible support elements (16). The grid (11) may have a modular or divided construction which facilitates manufacture and repairs.

  10. 46 CFR 111.05-37 - Overcurrent devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... devices. (a) A permanently grounded conductor must not have an overcurrent device unless the overcurrent device simultaneously opens each ungrounded conductor of the circuit. (b) The neutral conductor of the...

  11. 77 FR 61657 - Petition for Waiver of Compliance

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-10

    .... The railroad now requests a similar waiver from the conductor certification regulations for purposes... encourage conductor reporting of close calls and protect conductors and Amtrak from discipline or sanctions...

  12. 46 CFR 111.05-37 - Overcurrent devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... devices. (a) A permanently grounded conductor must not have an overcurrent device unless the overcurrent device simultaneously opens each ungrounded conductor of the circuit. (b) The neutral conductor of the...

  13. 46 CFR 111.15-20 - Conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... REQUIREMENTS Storage Batteries and Battery Chargers: Construction and Installation § 111.15-20 Conductors. (a) Each conductor penetration to a battery room must be made watertight. (b) The termination of each cable...

  14. 46 CFR 111.15-20 - Conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... REQUIREMENTS Storage Batteries and Battery Chargers: Construction and Installation § 111.15-20 Conductors. (a) Each conductor penetration to a battery room must be made watertight. (b) The termination of each cable...

  15. 46 CFR 111.15-20 - Conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... REQUIREMENTS Storage Batteries and Battery Chargers: Construction and Installation § 111.15-20 Conductors. (a) Each conductor penetration to a battery room must be made watertight. (b) The termination of each cable...

  16. 46 CFR 111.15-20 - Conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... REQUIREMENTS Storage Batteries and Battery Chargers: Construction and Installation § 111.15-20 Conductors. (a) Each conductor penetration to a battery room must be made watertight. (b) The termination of each cable...

  17. 46 CFR 111.15-20 - Conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... REQUIREMENTS Storage Batteries and Battery Chargers: Construction and Installation § 111.15-20 Conductors. (a) Each conductor penetration to a battery room must be made watertight. (b) The termination of each cable...

  18. Far-field potentials in cylindrical and rectangular volume conductors.

    PubMed

    Dumitru, D; King, J C; Rogers, W E

    1993-07-01

    The occurrence of a transient dipole is one method of producing a far-field potential. This investigation qualitatively defines the characteristics of the near-field and far-field electrical potentials produced by a transient dipole in both cylindrical and rectangular volume conductors. Most body segments of electrophysiologic interest such as arms, legs, thorax, and neck are roughly cylindrical in shape. A centrally located dipole generator produces a nonzero equipotential region which is found to occur along the cylindrical wall at a distance from the dipole of approximately 1.4 times the cylinder's radius and 1.9 times the cylinder's radius for the center of the cylinder. This distance to the equi-potential zone along the surface wall expands but remains less than 3.0 times the cylindrical radius when the dipole is eccentrically placed. The magnitude of the equipotential region resulting from an asymmetrically placed dipole remains identical to that when the dipole is centrally located. This behavior is found to be very similar in rectangular shallow conducting volumes that model a longitudinal slice of the cylinder, thus allowing a simple experimental model of the cylinder to be utilized. Amplitudes of the equipotential region are inversely proportional to the cylindrical or rectangular volume's cross-sectional area at the location of dipolar imbalance. This study predicts that referential electrode montages, when placed at 3.0 times the radius or greater from a dipolar axially aligned far-field generator in cylindrical homogeneous volume conductors, will record only equipotential far-field effects.

  19. Powered off-road wheelchair for the transportation of tetraplegics along mountain trails.

    PubMed

    Antonelli, Michele Gabrio; Alleva, Stefano; Beomonte Zobel, Pierluigi; Durante, Francesco; Raparelli, Terenziano

    2017-12-08

    For off-road mobility, some manual or power assisted devices were conceived to be self-driven by paraplegics while for tetraplegics non power-assisted devices were conceived. These devices require one or more conductors who are subjected to a high physical demand thus potentially creating: precarious safety condition for the user an elevated physical demand of conductors could reduce the care and the attention to give to the user; the time of the outdoor adventure experience of the user could be limited. To address these issues, an innovative user-centered power assisted off-road wheelchair for the transportation of tetraplegics along mountain trails was developed. The device, structured like a trike, is driven by two healthy conductors; the user is placed in the middle of the frame. A movable seat provides for the transfer from the standard to the off-road wheelchair. An electrical motor, powered by a battery pack, provides for the actuation. All the design and prototype aspects, the control system and experimental tests are detailed. The prototype satisfies mechanical, safety and duration requirements. No physical demand while using the device and for the transfer of the user to the device was identified. Fun and engaging tests were carried out and all the participants were involved. Implications for Rehabilitation The device has the potential to enhance the quality of life of tetraplegics in terms of new life experiences. The device revealed the real possibility of a full recreational experience, an enhanced participation and a better social integration of tetraplegics.

  20. Advances in Current Rating Techniques for Flexible Printed Circuits

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hayes, Ron

    2014-01-01

    Twist Capsule Assemblies are power transfer devices commonly used in spacecraft mechanisms that require electrical signals to be passed across a rotating interface. Flexible printed circuits (flex tapes, see Figure 2) are used to carry the electrical signals in these devices. Determining the current rating for a given trace (conductor) size can be challenging. Because of the thermal conditions present in this environment the most appropriate approach is to assume that the only means by which heat is removed from the trace is thru the conductor itself, so that when the flex tape is long the temperature rise in the trace can be extreme. While this technique represents a worst-case thermal situation that yields conservative current ratings, this conservatism may lead to overly cautious designs when not all traces are used at their full rated capacity. A better understanding of how individual traces behave when they are not all in use is the goal of this research. In the testing done in support of this paper, a representative flex tape used for a flight Solar Array Drive Assembly (SADA) application was tested by energizing individual traces (conductors in the tape) in a vacuum chamber and the temperatures of the tape measured using both fine-gauge thermocouples and infrared thermographic imaging. We find that traditional derating schemes used for bundles of wires do not apply for the configuration tested. We also determine that single active traces located in the center of a flex tape operate at lower temperatures than those on the outside edges.

  1. High conductivity composite metal

    DOEpatents

    Zhou, R.; Smith, J.L.; Embury, J.D.

    1998-01-06

    Electrical conductors and methods of producing them are disclosed, where the conductors possess both high strength and high conductivity. Conductors are comprised of carbon steel and a material chosen from a group consisting of copper, nickel, silver, and gold. Diffusion barriers are placed between these two materials. The components of a conductor are assembled and then the assembly is subjected to heat treating and mechanical deformation steps. 10 figs.

  2. Structure and transport properties of a plastic crystal ion conductor: diethyl(methyl)(isobutyl)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate.

    PubMed

    Jin, Liyu; Nairn, Kate M; Forsyth, Craig M; Seeber, Aaron J; MacFarlane, Douglas R; Howlett, Patrick C; Forsyth, Maria; Pringle, Jennifer M

    2012-06-13

    Understanding the ion transport behavior of organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) is crucial for their potential application as solid electrolytes in various electrochemical devices such as lithium batteries. In the present work, the ion transport mechanism is elucidated by analyzing experimental data (single-crystal XRD, multinuclear solid-state NMR, DSC, ionic conductivity, and SEM) as well as the theoretical simulations (second moment-based solid static NMR line width simulations) for the OIPC diethyl(methyl)(isobutyl)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate ([P(1,2,2,4)][PF(6)]). This material displays rich phase behavior and advantageous ionic conductivities, with three solid-solid phase transitions and a highly "plastic" and conductive final solid phase in which the conductivity reaches 10(-3) S cm(-1). The crystal structure shows unique channel-like packing of the cations, which may allow the anions to diffuse more easily than the cations at lower temperatures. The strongly phase-dependent static NMR line widths of the (1)H, (19)F, and (31)P nuclei in this material have been well simulated by different levels of molecular motions in different phases. Thus, drawing together of the analytical and computational techniques has allowed the construction of a transport mechanism for [P(1,2,2,4)][PF(6)]. It is also anticipated that utilization of these techniques will allow a more detailed understanding of the transport mechanisms of other plastic crystal electrolyte materials.

  3. Extraordinary optical transmission through wedge-shape metallic slits array embedded with rectangular cavities

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Qi, Yunping; Zhang, Xuewei; Hu, Yue; Nan, Xianghong; Wang, Xiangxian

    2017-10-01

    The non-resonantly enhanced optical transmission phenomenon of sub-wavelength metallic slits on a thin film is significant for broadband light integrated devices. In order to improve the EOT characteristics of sub-wavelength metallic slits further more, in this paper, wedge-shape metallic slits array embedded with rectangular cavities structure is proposed and its transmission properties are investigated using the finite element method. The results show that wedgeshape metallic slits array can achieve higher transmission compared with straight slits array embedded with rectangular cavities and the light is strongly localized and enhanced at the slit exits. We describe the phenomenon with a transmission line model. The width of entrance of the slit influences the transmission property: the transmittance can be 94%, after optimizing the structure parameters, with the widths 150nm and 30nm at the entrance and exit of the slit, respectively. The thickness of metal film influences the transmission peak position and transmission rate: when the increase of the thickness of the metal film, the transmittance increases and the transmission peak is red-shift, however, the law of long wavelength range is opposite. In addition, the effects of structural period of wedge-shaped slits embedded with rectangular cavities structure on the transmission property are also studied. These results would be helpful for optical signal transmission and the design of near field optical conductor devices with higher transmission capability.

  4. 30 CFR 75.805 - Couplers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... shall be grounded to the ground conductor in the cable. The coupler shall be constructed so that the ground check continuity conductor shall be broken first and the ground conductors shall be broken last...

  5. Tracking the Archean-Proterozoic suture zone in the northeastern Great Basin, Nevada and Utah

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Rodriguez, B.D.; Williams, J.M.

    2008-01-01

    It is important to know whether major mining districts in north-central Nevada are underlain by crust of the Archean Wyoming craton, known to contain major orogenic gold deposits or, alternatively, by accreted crust of the Paleoproterozoic Mojave province. Determining the location and orientation of the Archean-Proterozoic suture zone between these provinces is also important because it may influence subsequent patterns of sedimentation, deformation, magmatism, and hydrothermal activity. The suture zone is exposed in northeastern Utah and south-western Wyoming and exhibits a southwest strike. In the Great Basin, the suture zone strike is poorly constrained because it is largely concealed below a Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic miogeocline and Cenozoic basin fill. Two-dimensional resistivity modeling of three regional north-south magnetotelluric sounding profiles in western Utah, north-central Nevada, and northeastern Nevada, and one east-west profile in northeastern Nevada, reveals a deeply penetrating (>10 km depth), broad (tens of kilometers) conductor (1-20 ohm-meters) that may be the Archean-Proterozoic suture zone, which formed during Early Proterozoic rifting of the continent and subsequent Proterozoic accretion. This major crustal conductor changes strike direction from southwest in Utah to northwest in eastern Nevada, where it broadens to ???100 km width that correlates with early Paleozoic rifting of the continent. Our results suggest that the major gold belts may be over-isolated blocks of Archean crust, so Phanerozoic mineral deposits in this region may be produced, at least in part, from recycled Archean gold. Future mineral exploration to the east may yield large gold tonnages. ?? 2008 Geological Society of America.

  6. The coronal structure of active regions

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Landini, M.; Monsignori Fossi, B. C.; Krieger, A.; Vaiana, G. S.

    1975-01-01

    A four-parameter model, which assumes a Gaussian dependence of both temperature and pressure on distance from center, is used to fit the compact part of coronal active regions as observed in X-ray photographs from a rocket experiment. The four parameters are the maximum temperature, the maximum pressure, the width of the pressure distribution, and the width of the temperature distribution. The maximum temperature ranges from 2.2 to 2.8 million K, and the maximum density from 2 to 9 by 10 to the 9th power per cu cm. The range of the pressure-distribution width is from 2 to 4 by 10 to the 9th power cm and that of the temperature-distribution width from 2 to 7.

  7. Wind Tunnel Tests on Aerodynamic Characteristics of two types of Iced Conductors with Elastic Support

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yi, You; Cheng, He; Xinxin, Wang

    2018-01-01

    The wind tunnel tests were carried out to obtain the variation laws of static aerodynamic characteristics of crescent and D-shape iced conductor with different wind velocities, wind attack angles and torsional elastic support stiffness. Test results show that the variation of wind velocity has a relatively large influence on the aerodynamic coefficients of crescent conductor with torsional elastic support 1. However, the influence on that of D-shape conductor is not obvious. With the increase of the torsional elastic support stiffness, the lift and moment coefficient curves of the crescent iced conductor form an obvious peak phenomenon in the range of 0 ° ∼30°. Meanwhile, the wind attack angle position corresponding to the maximum value of the lift and moment coefficients of the D-shape iced conductor appear a backward moving phenomenon.

  8. Resistive foil edge grading for accelerator and other high voltage structures

    DOEpatents

    Caporaso, George J.; Sampayan, Stephen F.; Sanders, David M.

    2014-06-10

    In a structure or device having a pair of electrical conductors separated by an insulator across which a voltage is placed, resistive layers are formed around the conductors to force the electric potential within the insulator to distribute more uniformly so as to decrease or eliminate electric field enhancement at the conductor edges. This is done by utilizing the properties of resistive layers to allow the voltage on the electrode to diffuse outwards, reducing the field stress at the conductor edge. Preferably, the resistive layer has a tapered resistivity, with a lower resistivity adjacent to the conductor and a higher resistivity away from the conductor. Generally, a resistive path across the insulator is provided, preferably by providing a resistive region in the bulk of the insulator, with the resistive layer extending over the resistive region.

  9. Progress on the Use of Internal Fins as Barriers to Reduce Magnetization on High Current Density Mono Element Internal Tin Conductors (MEIT)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zeitlin, Bruce A.; Gregory, Eric; Pyon, Taeyoung; Scanlan, R. M.; Polyanskii, Anatolii A.; Lee, Peter J.

    2004-06-01

    A number of configurations of a mono element internal tin conductor (MEIT) were fabricated to explore the effect of internal fins on the effective filament size (Deff) and its effect on wire processing. A current density of 2.85 × 109 A/m2 (12 T) was achieved in a high tin, high Nb conductor. Wire lengths as long as 15.8 km at 0.254 mm diameter with breaks averaging 3 per unit length were achieved. Magnetization measurements and Magneto-Optical (MO) images were taken of the finned and non-fin conductor which indicated the fins appeared to be effective. The Deff achieved in the fin conductor was 80 μm compared with an equivalent conductor without a fin of 165 μm.

  10. Magnetic circuit for hall effect plasma accelerator

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Manzella, David H. (Inventor); Jacobson, David T. (Inventor); Hofer, Richard (Inventor); Peterson, Peter (Inventor); Jankovsky, Robert S. (Inventor)

    2009-01-01

    A Hall effect plasma accelerator includes inner and outer electromagnets, circumferentially surrounding the inner electromagnet along a thruster centerline axis and separated therefrom, inner and outer magnetic conductors, in physical connection with their respective inner and outer electromagnets, with the inner magnetic conductor having a mostly circular shape and the outer magnetic conductor having a mostly annular shape, a discharge chamber, located between the inner and outer magnetic conductors, a magnetically conducting back plate, in magnetic contact with the inner and outer magnetic conductors, and a combined anode electrode/gaseous propellant distributor, located at a bottom portion of the discharge chamber. The inner and outer electromagnets, the inner and outer magnetic conductors and the magnetically conducting back plate form a magnetic circuit that produces a magnetic field that is largely axial and radially symmetric with respect to the thruster centerline.

  11. Elastically stretchable thin film conductors on an elastomeric substrate

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jones Harris, Joyelle Elizabeth

    Imagine a large, flat screen television that can be rolled into a small cylinder after purchase in the store and then unrolled and mounted onto the wall of a home. The electronic devices within the television must be able to withstand large deformation and tensile strain. Consider a robot that is covered with an electronic skin that simulates human skin. The skin would enable the machine to lift an elderly person with care and sensitivity. The skin will endure repeated deformation with the highest tensile strains being experienced at the robot's joints. These applications and many others will benefit from stretchable electronic circuitry. While several different methods have been employed to create stretchable electronics, all methods use a common tool -- stretchable conductors. Therefore, the goal of this thesis work was to fabricate elastically stretchable conductors that can be used in stretchable electronics. We deposited Au thin films on an elastomeric substrate, and the resulting conductors remained electrically continuous when stretched by 30% and more. We developed photolithographic processes that can be used to pattern elastically stretchable conductors with a 10 mum resolution. We fabricated bi-level stretchable conductors that are separated by an elastomeric insulator and are electrically connected through via holes in the insulator. We applied our bi-level conductors to create a stretchable resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) circuit with a tunable resonant frequency. We also used stretchable conductors to measure action potentials in biological samples. This thesis describes the fabrication and application of our elastically stretchable conductors.

  12. Development of a Novel Hybrid Multi-Junction Architecture for Silicon Solar Cells

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-03-26

    W Watts KOH Potassium Hydroxide xj Junction depth k Thermal conductivity z Normal distance l Conductor length σ Stefan...outermost orbit [9]. A material conducts electricity when its valence electrons move into the conduction band and become conductor electrons. Conductor ...become a conductor , it must absorb enough energy to overcome the band gap, which is the energy difference between the valence band and the conduction

  13. Design and Preparation of Two ReBCO-CORC® Cable-In-Conduit Conductors for Fusion and Detector Magnets

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mulder, T.; van der Laan, D.; Weiss, J. D.; Dudarev, A.; Dhallé, M.; ten Kate, H. H. J.

    2017-12-01

    Two new ReBCO-CORC® based cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC) are developed by CERN in collaboration with ACT-Boulder. Both conductors feature a critical current of about 80 kA at 4.5 K and 12 T. One conductor is designed for operation in large detector magnets, while the other is aimed for application in fusion type magnets. The conductors use a six-around-one cable geometry with six flexible ReBCO CORC® strands twisted around a central tube. The fusion CICC is designed to be cooled by the internal forced flow of either helium gas or supercritical helium to cope with high heat loads in superconducting magnets in large fusion experimental reactors. In addition, the cable is enclosed by a stainless steel jacket to accommodate with the high level of Lorentz forces present in such magnets. Detector type magnets require stable, high-current conductors. Therefore, the detector CORC® CICC comprises an OFHC copper jacket with external conduction cooling, which is advantageous due to its simplicity. A 2.8 m long sample of each conductor is manufactured and prepared for testing in the Sultan facility at PSI Villigen. In the paper, the conductor design and assembly steps for both CORC® CICCs are highlighted.

  14. Practical fit functions for transport critical current versus field magnitude and angle data from (RE)BCO coated conductors at fixed low temperatures and in high magnetic fields

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hilton, D. K.; Gavrilin, A. V.; Trociewitz, U. P.

    2015-07-01

    Applications of (RE = Y, Gd)BCO coated conductors for the generation of high magnetic fields are increasing sharply, this while (RE)BCO coated conductors themselves are evolving rapidly. This article describes and demonstrates recently developed and applied mathematical models that systematically and comprehensively characterize the transport critical current angular dependence of a batch of (RE)BCO coated conductor in high magnetic fields at fixed temperatures with an uncertainty of 10% or better. The model development was based on analysis of experimental data sets from various published sources and coated conductors with different microstructures. These derivations directly are applicable to the accurate prediction of the performance in high magnetic fields of coils wound with (RE)BCO coated conductors. In particular, a nonlinear fit is discussed in this article of transport critical current at T = 4.2 K versus field and angle data. This fit was used to estimate the hysteresis losses of (RE)BCO coated conductors in high magnetic fields, and to design the inserts wound with such conductors of the all-superconducting 32 T magnet being constructed at the NHMFL. A series of such fits, recently developed at several fixed temperatures, continues to be used to simulate the quench behavior of that magnet.

  15. Strong flux pinning at 4.2 K in SmBa2Cu3O y coated conductors with BaHfO3 nanorods controlled by low growth temperature

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Miura, S.; Tsuchiya, Y.; Yoshida, Y.; Ichino, Y.; Awaji, S.; Matsumoto, K.; Ibi, A.; Izumi, T.

    2017-08-01

    In order to apply REBa2Cu3O y (REBCO, RE = rare earth elements or Y) coated conductors in high magnetic field, coil-based applications, the isotropic improvement of their critical current performance with respect to the directions of the magnetic field under these operating conditions is required. Most applications operate at temperatures lower than 50 K and magnetic fields over 2 T. In this study, the improvement of critical current density (J c) performance for various applied magnetic field directions was achieved by controlling the nanostructure of the BaHfO3 (BHO)-doped SmBa2Cu3O y (SmBCO) films on metallic substrates. The corresponding minimum J c value of the films at 40 K under an applied 3 T field was 5.2 MA cm-2, which is over ten times higher than that of a fully optimized Nb-Ti wire at 4.2 K. At 4.2 K, under a 17.5 T field, a flux pinning force density of 1.4 TN m-3 for B//c was realized; this value is among the highest values reported for REBCO films to date. More importantly, the F p for B//c corresponds to the minimum value for various applied magnetic field directions. We investigated the dominant flux pinning centers of films at 4.2 K using the anisotropic scaling approach based on the effective mass model. The dominant flux pinning centers are random pinning centers at 4.2 K, i.e., a high pinning performance was achieved by the high number density of random pins in the matrix of the BHO-doped SmBCO films.

  16. Materials and methods for autonomous restoration of electrical conductivity

    DOEpatents

    Blaiszik, Benjamin J; Odom, Susan A; Caruso, Mary M; Jackson, Aaron C; Baginska, Marta B; Ritchey, Joshua A; Finke, Aaron D; White, Scott R; Moore, Jeffrey S; Sottos, Nancy R; Braun, Paul V; Amine, Khalil

    2014-03-25

    An autonomic conductivity restoration system includes a solid conductor and a plurality of particles. The particles include a conductive fluid, a plurality of conductive microparticles, and/or a conductive material forming agent. The solid conductor has a first end, a second end, and a first conductivity between the first and second ends. When a crack forms between the first and second ends of the conductor, the contents of at least a portion of the particles are released into the crack. The cracked conductor and the released contents of the particles form a restored conductor having a second conductivity, which may be at least 90% of the first conductivity.

  17. RADIO FREQUENCY ATTENUATOR

    DOEpatents

    Giordano, S.

    1963-11-12

    A high peak power level r-f attenuator that is readily and easily insertable along a coaxial cable having an inner conductor and an outer annular conductor without breaking the ends thereof is presented. Spaced first and second flares in the outer conductor face each other with a slidable cylindrical outer conductor portion therebetween. Dielectric means, such as water, contact the cable between the flares to attenuate the radio-frequency energy received thereby. The cylindrical outer conductor portion is slidable to adjust the voltage standing wave ratio to a low level, and one of the flares is slidable to adjust the attenuation level. An integral dielectric container is also provided. (AFC)

  18. 78 FR 25347 - Petition for Amending Waiver of Compliance

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-30

    ... regulations contained at 49 CFR Part 242, Conductor Certification, in Docket Number FRA-2012-0054. On January... of 49 CFR 242.403 to encourage conductor reporting of close calls, and to protect conductors and...

  19. Holding Fixture For Making Piezoelectric Acoustic Sensors

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hall, E. Thomas, Jr.

    1993-01-01

    Vacuum holding device provides quick and easy method of bonding together two strips of thin film with fast-setting epoxy adhesive. Fixture holds films in place by vacuum while adhesive applied, maintaining uniform bond line between films, providing internal connection port between nickel coats on films for center conductor of coaxial cable, and eliminating need to clean up excessive adhesive. Used to fabricate acoustic sensors for use in ambulatory fetal heart monitors. Potential for other heart-monitoring applications and other applications in which acoustic sensors used.

  20. Design aspects and comparison between high Tc superconducting coplanar waveguide and microstrip line

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kong, K. S.; Bhasin, K. B.; Itoh, T.

    1991-01-01

    The high T sub c superconducting microstrip line and coplanar waveguide are compared in terms of the loss characteristics and the design aspects. The quality factor Q values for each structure are compared in respect to the same characteristic impedance with the comparable dimensions of the center conductor of the coplanar waveguide and the strip of the microstrip line. Also, the advantages and disadvantages for each structure are discussed in respect to passive microwave circuit applications.

  1. Quasi-CW Laser Diode Bar Life Tests

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stephen, Mark A.; Krainak, Michael A.; Dallas, Joseph L.

    1997-01-01

    NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center is developing technology for satellite-based, high peak power, LIDAR transmitters requiring 3-5 years of reliable operation. Semi-conductor laser diodes provide high efficiency pumping of solid state lasers with the promise of long-lived, reliable operation. 100-watt quasi- CW laser diode bars have been baselined for the next generation laser altimeters. Multi-billion shot lifetimes are required. The authors have monitored the performance of several diodes for billions of shots and investigated operational modes for improving diode lifetime.

  2. Small Business Innovations (Cryostat)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1991-01-01

    General Pneumatics Corporation, Scottsdale, AZ, developed an anti- clogging cryostat that liquifies gases by expansion for high pressure through a nozzle to produce cryorefrigeration based on their Kennedy Space Center Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) work to develop a Joule-Thomson (JT) expansion valve that is less susceptible to clogging by particles or condensed contaminants in the flow than a non-contaminating compressor in a closed cycle Linde-Hampson cryocooler used to generate cryogenic cooling for infrared sensors, super conductors, supercooled electronics and cryosurgery.

  3. Microgravity

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-08-07

    A NASA test conductor at the top of the 2.2-second Drop Tower monitors a student lecture at a lower level. This was part of the Microgravity Environment (DIME) competition held April 23-25, 2002, at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Competitors included two teams from Sycamore High School, Cincinnati, OH, and one each from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, and COSI Academy, Columbus, OH. DIME is part of NASA's education and outreach activities. Details are on line at http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/DIME_2002.html.

  4. 12. NBS LOWER ROOM. BEHIND FAR GLASS WALL IS VIDEO ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    12. NBS LOWER ROOM. BEHIND FAR GLASS WALL IS VIDEO TAPE EQUIPMENT AND VOICE INTERCOM EQUIPMENT. THE MONITORS ABOVE GLASS WALL DISPLAY UNDERWATER TEST VIDEO TO CONTROL ROOM. FARTHEST CONSOLE ROW CONTAINS CAMERA SWITCHING, PANNING, TILTING, FOCUSING, AND ZOOMING. MIDDLE CONSOLE ROW CONTAINS TEST CONDUCTOR CONSOLES FOR MONITORING TEST ACTIVITIES AND DATA. THE CLOSEST CONSOLE ROW IS NBS FACILITY CONSOLES FOR TEST DIRECTOR, SAFETY AND QUALITY ASSURANCE REPRESENTATIVES. - Marshall Space Flight Center, Neutral Buoyancy Simulator Facility, Rideout Road, Huntsville, Madison County, AL

  5. 13. NBS LOWER ROOM. BEHIND FAR GLASS WALL IS VIDEO ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    13. NBS LOWER ROOM. BEHIND FAR GLASS WALL IS VIDEO TAPE EQUIPMENT AND VOICE INTERCOM EQUIPMENT. THE MONITORS ABOVE GLASS WALL DISPLAY UNDERWATER TEST VIDEO TO CONTROL ROOM. FARTHEST CONSOLE ROW CONTAINS CAMERA SWITCHING, PANNING, TILTING, FOCUSING, AND ZOOMING. MIDDLE CONSOLE ROW CONTAINS TEST CONDUCTOR CONSOLES FOR MONITORING TEST ACTIVITIES AND DATA. THE CLOSEST CONSOLE ROW IS NBC FACILITY CONSOLES FOR TEST DIRECTOR, SAFETY AND QUALITY ASSURANCE REPRESENTATIVES. - Marshall Space Flight Center, Neutral Buoyancy Simulator Facility, Rideout Road, Huntsville, Madison County, AL

  6. Fatigue tests of YBCO coated conductors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bamba, S.; Tanaka, Y.; Ando, T.; Ueda, H.; Ishiyama, A.; Yamada, Y.; Shiohara, Y.

    2008-02-01

    In this paper, we report the fatigue characteristics of IBAD/PLD YBCO coated conductors. A YBCO coated conductor used in the superconducting coil of a SMES system is repeatedly subjected to mechanical tensile or compressive strain due to the Lorentz force during electrical charging or discharging. The superconducting characteristic of this conductor may deteriorate because of this cyclic strain. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of cyclic strain on the superconducting characteristics of YBCO coated conductors that have a laminated structure. We developed an experimental apparatus with a U-shaped sample holder in order to apply cyclic strain to the sample tape. This apparatus was used to perform the fatigue tests on YBCO coated conductors in liquid nitrogen in the absence of an external magnetic field. The strain cycles with the maximum strain epsilonmax (zero external strain → epsilonmax → zero external strain) were applied and repeated up to 5000 times, and the Ic measurements were performed at epsilonmax. Therefore, the application of cyclic strain with epsilonmax ranging from 0.3% to 0.5% did not result in any significant deterioration of the superconducting characteristics of the conductor.

  7. A discrete method for modal analysis of overhead line conductor bundles

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Migdalovici, M.A.; Sireteanu, T.D.; Albrecht, A.A.

    The paper presents a mathematical model and a semi-analytical procedure to calculate the vibration modes and eigenfrequencies of single or bundled conductors with spacers which are needed for evaluation of the wind induced vibration of conductors and for optimization of spacer-dampers placement. The method consists in decomposition of conductors in modules and the expansion by polynomial series of unknown displacements on each module. A complete system of polynomials are deduced for this by Legendre polynomials. Each module is considered either boundary conditions at the extremity of the module or the continuity conditions between the modules and also a number ofmore » projections of module equilibrium equation on the polynomials from the expansion series of unknown displacement. The global system of the eigenmodes and eigenfrequencies is of the matrix form: A X + {omega}{sup 2} M X = 0. The theoretical considerations are exemplified on one conductor and on bundle of two conductors with spacers. From this, a method for forced vibration calculus of a single or bundled conductors is also presented.« less

  8. --No Title--

    Science.gov Websites

    ;color:#666;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:31px}.category-content h2#topic-title{margin -left:31px;margin-top:0px}ul.tabs{margin-bottom:0}ul.tabs li{background-color:#5D9732;width:108px;height -width:thin;color:white;font-size:14px}ul.tabs #result-tab{background-color:#005c8e;text-align:center;padding

  9. 46 CFR 169.672 - Wiring for power and lighting circuits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...) Wiring for power and lighting circuits must have copper conductors, of 14 AWG or larger, and— (1) Meet... must have stranded conductors. (c) Conductors must be sized so that— (1) They are adequate for the...

  10. Method and system for evaluating integrity of adherence of a conductor bond to a mating surface of a substrate

    DOEpatents

    Telschow, K.L.; Siu, B.K.

    1996-07-09

    A method of evaluating integrity of adherence of a conductor bond to a substrate includes: (a) impinging a plurality of light sources onto a substrate; (b) detecting optical reflective signatures emanating from the substrate from the impinged light; (c) determining location of a selected conductor bond on the substrate from the detected reflective signatures; (d) determining a target site on the selected conductor bond from the detected reflective signatures; (e) optically imparting an elastic wave at the target site through the selected conductor bond and into the substrate; (f) optically detecting an elastic wave signature emanating from the substrate resulting from the optically imparting step; and (g) determining integrity of adherence of the selected conductor bond to the substrate from the detected elastic wave signature emanating from the substrate. A system is disclosed which is capable of conducting the method. 13 figs.

  11. Method and system for evaluating integrity of adherence of a conductor bond to a mating surface of a substrate

    DOEpatents

    Telschow, Kenneth L.; Siu, Bernard K.

    1996-01-01

    A method of evaluating integrity of adherence of a conductor bond to a substrate includes: a) impinging a plurality of light sources onto a substrate; b) detecting optical reflective signatures emanating from the substrate from the impinged light; c) determining location of a selected conductor bond on the substrate from the detected reflective signatures; d) determining a target site on the selected conductor bond from the detected reflective signatures; e) optically imparting an elastic wave at the target site through the selected conductor bond and into the substrate; f) optically detecting an elastic wave signature emanating from the substrate resulting from the optically imparting step; and g) determining integrity of adherence of the selected conductor bond to the substrate from the detected elastic wave signature emanating from the substrate. A system is disclosed which is capable of conducting the method.

  12. Carbon Nanotube Based Light Sensor

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wincheski, russell A. (Inventor); Smits, Jan M. (Inventor); Jordan, Jeffrey D. (Inventor); Watkins, Anthony Neal (Inventor); Ingram, JoAnne L. (Inventor)

    2006-01-01

    A light sensor substrate comprises a base made from a semi-conductive material and topped with a layer of an electrically non-conductive material. A first electrode and a plurality of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based conductors are positioned on the layer of electrically non-conductive material with the CNT-based conductors being distributed in a spaced apart fashion about a periphery of the first electrode. Each CNT-based conductor is coupled on one end thereof to the first electrode and extends away from the first electrode to terminate at a second free end. A second or gate electrode is positioned on the non-conductive material layer and is spaced apart from the second free end of each CNT-based conductor. Coupled to the first and second electrode is a device for detecting electron transfer along the CNT-based conductors resulting from light impinging on the CNT-based conductors.

  13. Downhole transmission system comprising a coaxial capacitor

    DOEpatents

    Hall, David R [Provo, UT; Pixton, David S [Lehi, UT; Johnson, Monte L [Orem, UT; Bartholomew, David B [Springville, UT; Hall, Jr., H. Tracy; Rawle, Michael [Springville, UT

    2011-05-24

    A transmission system in a downhole component comprises a plurality of data transmission elements. A coaxial cable having an inner conductor and an outer conductor is disposed within a passage in the downhole component such that at least one capacitor is disposed in the passage and having a first terminal coupled to the inner conductor and a second terminal coupled to the outer conductor. Preferably the transmission element comprises an electrically conducting coil. Preferably, within the passage a connector is adapted to electrically connect the inner conductor of the coaxial cable and the lead wire. The coaxial capacitor may be disposed between and in electrically communication with the connector and the passage. In another embodiment a connector is adapted to electrical connect a first and a second portion of the inner conductor of the coaxial cable and a coaxial capacitor is in electrical communication with the connector and the passage.

  14. Aeolian vibration control of overhead electrical transmission line conductors

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sireteanu, T.; Migdalovici, M.; Videa, E.

    The paper presents a mathematical model and an analytical procedure to control the wind induced vibration of a single conductor such that the dynamic strain about the suspension clamp is kept within the imposed safety limits. The method is based on the energy balance principle which takes into account the wind energy input, the energy dissipated by the conductor self-damping properties and by the Stockbridge dampers which are frequently used for the aeolian vibration control. The damping characteristics of the Stockbridge dampers are expressed in terms of their mechanical impedance determined experimentally on a vibration exciter. The method can bemore » used to establish whether or not it is necessary to equip the conductor by Stockbridge dampers, which type of damper is more suitable for a given conductor, span length and EDS (every day stress), the necessary number of dampers as well as their optimum spacing on the conductor.« less

  15. Decoupled Ion Transport in a Protein-Based Solid Ion Conductor.

    PubMed

    Fu, Xuewei; Jewel, Yead; Wang, Yu; Liu, Jin; Zhong, Wei-Hong

    2016-11-03

    Simultaneous achievement of good electrochemical and mechanical properties is crucial for practical applications of solid ion conductors. Conventional polymer conductors suffer from low conductivity, low transference number, and deteriorated mechanical properties with the enhancement of conductivity, resulting from the coupling between ion transport and polymer movement. Here we present a successful fabrication and fundamental understanding of a high performance soy protein-based solid conductor. The conductor shows ionic conductivity of ∼10 -5 S/cm, transference number of 0.94, and modulus of 1 GPa at room temperature, and still remains flexible and easily processable. Molecular simulations indicate that this is due to appropriate manipulation of the protein structures for effective exploitation of protein functional groups. A decoupled transport mechanism, which is able to explain all results, is proposed. The new insights can be utilized to provide guidelines for design, optimization, and fabrication of high performance biosolid conductors.

  16. Parametric analysis of hollow conductor parallel and coaxial transmission lines for high frequency space power distribution

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Jeffries, K. S.; Renz, D. D.

    1984-01-01

    A parametric analysis was performed of transmission cables for transmitting electrical power at high voltage (up to 1000 V) and high frequency (10 to 30 kHz) for high power (100 kW or more) space missions. Large diameter (5 to 30 mm) hollow conductors were considered in closely spaced coaxial configurations and in parallel lines. Formulas were derived to calculate inductance and resistance for these conductors. Curves of cable conductance, mass, inductance, capacitance, resistance, power loss, and temperature were plotted for various conductor diameters, conductor thickness, and alternating current frequencies. An example 5 mm diameter coaxial cable with 0.5 mm conductor thickness was calculated to transmit 100 kW at 1000 Vac, 50 m with a power loss of 1900 W, an inductance of 1.45 micron and a capacitance of 0.07 micron-F. The computer programs written for this analysis are listed in the appendix.

  17. System, method and computer-readable medium for locating physical phenomena

    DOEpatents

    Weseman, Matthew T [Idaho Falls, ID; Rohrbaugh, David T [Idaho Falls, ID; Richardson, John G [Idaho Falls, ID

    2008-02-26

    A method, system and computer product for detecting the location of a deformation of a structure includes baselining a defined energy transmitting characteristic for each of the plurality of laterally adjacent conductors attached to the structure. Each of the plurality of conductors includes a plurality of segments coupled in series and having an associated unit value representative of the defined energy transmitting characteristic. The plurality of laterally adjacent conductors includes a plurality of identity groups with each identity group including at least one of the plurality of segments from each of the plurality of conductors. Each of the plurality of conductors are monitored for a difference in the defined energy transmitting characteristic when compared with a baseline energy transmitting characteristic for each of the plurality of conductors. When the difference exceeds a threshold value, a location of the deformation along the structure is calculated.

  18. Downhole tool adapted for telemetry

    DOEpatents

    Hall, David R.; Fox, Joe

    2010-12-14

    A cycleable downhole tool such as a Jar, a hydraulic hammer, and a shock absorber adapted for telemetry. This invention applies to other tools where the active components of the tool are displaced when the tool is rotationally or translationally cycled. The invention consists of inductive or contact transmission rings that are connected by an extensible conductor. The extensible conductor permits the transmission of the signal before, after, and during the cycling of the tool. The signal may be continuous or intermittent during cycling. The invention also applies to downhole tools that do not cycle, but in operation are under such stress that an extensible conductor is beneficial. The extensible conductor may also consist of an extensible portion and a fixed portion. The extensible conductor also features clamps that maintain the conductor under stresses greater than that seen by the tool, and seals that are capable of protecting against downhole pressure and contamination.

  19. Load-resistant coaxial transmission line

    DOEpatents

    Hall, David R.; Fox, Joe

    2006-01-03

    A transmission line for downhole tools that make up all or part of a tool string for drilling and production of oil, gas, and geothermal wells that can withstand the dynamic gravitational forces and other accelerations associated with downhole excavations. The transmission line has a metal tube, or outer conductor, that houses a coaxial wire inner conductor. A non-metallic dielectric material is interposed between the inner and outer conductors. The outer and inner conductors and the dielectric are sufficiently compressed together so that independent motion between them is abated. Compression of the components of the transmission line may be achieved by drawing the transmission through one or more dies in order to draw down the outer conductor onto the dielectric, or by expanding the inner conductor against the dielectric using a mandrel or hydraulic pressure. Non-metallic bead segments may be used in aid of the compression necessary to resist the dynamic forces and accelerations of drilling.

  20. Analysis of waveguides containing EMCs (electromagnetic conductors) or PEMCs (perfect electromagnetic conductors)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Prudêncio, Filipa R.; Matos, Sérgio A.; Paiva, Carlos R.

    2014-11-01

    The concept of a perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) was introduced to generalize and unify two well-known and apparently disjoint concepts in electromagnetics: the perfect electric conductor (PEC) and the perfect magnetic conductor (PMC). Although the PEMC has proven a fertile tool in electromagnetic analyses dealing with new and complex boundaries, its corresponding definition as a medium has, nevertheless, raised several problems. In fact, according to its initial 3D definition, the PEMC cannot be considered a unique and well-defined medium: it leads to extraneous fields without physical meaning. By using a previously published generalization of a PEMC that regards this concept both as a boundary and as a medium - which was dubbed an MIM (Minkowskian isotropic medium) and acts, in practice, as an actual electromagnetic conductor (EMC) - it is herein presented a straightforward analysis of waveguides containing PEMCs that readily and systematically follows from the general framework of waveguides containing EMCs.

  1. 46 CFR 120.370 - General grounding requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... hull must not carry current as a conductor except for the following systems: (1) Impressed current... grounding pole and a grounding conductor in the portable cord. (c) Each nonmetallic mast and top mast must have a lightning ground conductor. ...

  2. 46 CFR 120.370 - General grounding requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... hull must not carry current as a conductor except for the following systems: (1) Impressed current... grounding pole and a grounding conductor in the portable cord. (c) Each nonmetallic mast and top mast must have a lightning ground conductor. ...

  3. Stators with improved conductor assembly and method of making same

    DOEpatents

    Dang, Dang Dinh; Blissenbach, Rolf; Schauer, David; Wattleworth, John; Milani, Michael; Hatch, Erik

    2013-07-30

    A stator includes a stator core, a plurality of slots, and a conductor. The plurality of slots are formed within the stator core. The conductor is disposed continuously within at least two of the plurality of openings.

  4. 46 CFR 120.370 - General grounding requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... hull must not carry current as a conductor except for the following systems: (1) Impressed current... grounding pole and a grounding conductor in the portable cord. (c) Each nonmetallic mast and top mast must have a lightning ground conductor. ...

  5. 46 CFR 120.370 - General grounding requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... hull must not carry current as a conductor except for the following systems: (1) Impressed current... grounding pole and a grounding conductor in the portable cord. (c) Each nonmetallic mast and top mast must have a lightning ground conductor. ...

  6. 46 CFR 120.370 - General grounding requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... hull must not carry current as a conductor except for the following systems: (1) Impressed current... grounding pole and a grounding conductor in the portable cord. (c) Each nonmetallic mast and top mast must have a lightning ground conductor. ...

  7. One-Step Fabrication of Stretchable Copper Nanowire Conductors by a Fast Photonic Sintering Technique and Its Application in Wearable Devices.

    PubMed

    Ding, Su; Jiu, Jinting; Gao, Yue; Tian, Yanhong; Araki, Teppei; Sugahara, Tohru; Nagao, Shijo; Nogi, Masaya; Koga, Hirotaka; Suganuma, Katsuaki; Uchida, Hiroshi

    2016-03-09

    Copper nanowire (CuNW) conductors have been considered to have a promising perspective in the area of stretchable electronics due to the low price and high conductivity. However, the fabrication of CuNW conductors suffers from harsh conditions, such as high temperature, reducing atmosphere, and time-consuming transfer step. Here, a simple and rapid one-step photonic sintering technique was developed to fabricate stretchable CuNW conductors on polyurethane (PU) at room temperature in air environment. It was observed that CuNWs were instantaneously deoxidized, welded and simultaneously embedded into the soft surface of PU through the one-step photonic sintering technique, after which highly conductive network and strong adhesion between CuNWs and PU substrates were achieved. The CuNW/PU conductor with sheet resistance of 22.1 Ohm/sq and transmittance of 78% was achieved by the one-step photonic sintering technique within only 20 μs in air. Besides, the CuNW/PU conductor could remain a low sheet resistance even after 1000 cycles of stretching/releasing under 10% strain. Two flexible electronic devices, wearable sensor and glove-shaped heater, were fabricated using the stretchable CuNW/PU conductor, demonstrating that our CuNW/PU conductor could be integrated into various wearable electronic devices for applications in food, clothes, and medical supplies fields.

  8. 33 CFR 183.402 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... limited to, conductors, solenoids, motors, generators, alternators, distributors, resistors, appliances and electrical control devices. Pigtails means external power conductors or wires that are part of..., molded plastic, or flexible tubing, around one or more insulated conductors. [CGD 73-217, 42 FR 5944, Jan...

  9. 33 CFR 183.402 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... limited to, conductors, solenoids, motors, generators, alternators, distributors, resistors, appliances and electrical control devices. Pigtails means external power conductors or wires that are part of..., molded plastic, or flexible tubing, around one or more insulated conductors. [CGD 73-217, 42 FR 5944, Jan...

  10. High-temperature flat-conductor cable

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rigling, W. S.

    1976-01-01

    Temperature limit of 25-conductor signal cable and 3-conductor power cable, fabricated using woven and roll laminated technique, increased from 200 C to 350 C when polyimide/fluorinated ethylene propylene or polytetrafluoroethylene insulation films and fluorinated ethylene propylene as adhesive medium is applied.

  11. Task Analysis for the Jobs of Freight Train Conductor and Brakeman

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1975-05-31

    This document describes the results of a research effort undertaken to detail the tasks of freight train conductors and brakemen. Included with text are detailed operational sequence diagrams for both conductor and brakeman. This task : analysis is s...

  12. Thunderclouds and Lightning Conductors

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Martin, P. F.

    1973-01-01

    Discusses the historical background of the development of lightning conductors, describes the nature of thunderclouds and the lightning flash, and provides a calculation of the electric field under a thundercloud. Also discussed are point discharge currents and the attraction theory of the lightning conductor. (JR)

  13. 33 CFR 183.425 - Conductors: General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... than 30 inches. (g) This section does not apply to communications systems; electronic navigation equipment; electronic circuits having a current flow of less than one ampere; conductors which are totally inside an equipment housing; resistance conductors that control circuit amperage; high voltage secondary...

  14. 33 CFR 183.425 - Conductors: General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... than 30 inches. (g) This section does not apply to communications systems; electronic navigation equipment; electronic circuits having a current flow of less than one ampere; conductors which are totally inside an equipment housing; resistance conductors that control circuit amperage; high voltage secondary...

  15. 33 CFR 183.425 - Conductors: General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... than 30 inches. (g) This section does not apply to communications systems; electronic navigation equipment; electronic circuits having a current flow of less than one ampere; conductors which are totally inside an equipment housing; resistance conductors that control circuit amperage; high voltage secondary...

  16. 33 CFR 183.425 - Conductors: General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... than 30 inches. (g) This section does not apply to communications systems; electronic navigation equipment; electronic circuits having a current flow of less than one ampere; conductors which are totally inside an equipment housing; resistance conductors that control circuit amperage; high voltage secondary...

  17. 33 CFR 183.425 - Conductors: General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... than 30 inches. (g) This section does not apply to communications systems; electronic navigation equipment; electronic circuits having a current flow of less than one ampere; conductors which are totally inside an equipment housing; resistance conductors that control circuit amperage; high voltage secondary...

  18. Overhead electric power transmission line jumpering system for bundles of five or more subconductors

    DOEpatents

    Winkelman, Paul F.

    1982-01-01

    Jumpering of electric power transmission lines at a dead end tower. Two transmission line conductor bundles each contain five or more spaced apart subconductors (5) arranged in the shape of a cylinder having a circular cross section. The ends of each bundle of subconductors are attached with insulators to a dead end tower (1). Jumpering allows the electric current to flow between the two bundles of subconductors using jumper buses, internal jumper conductors, and external jumper conductors. One or more current collecting jumper buses (37) are located inside each bundle of subconductors with each jumper bus being attached to the end of a subconductor. Small-diameter internal jumper conductors (33) are located in the inherently electrically shielded area inside each bundle of subconductors with each subconductor (except ones having an attached jumper bus) having one internal jumper conductor connected between that subconductor's end and a jumper bus. Large-diameter external jumper conductors (9) are located outside each bundle of subconductors with one or more external jumper conductors being connected between the jumper buses in one bundle of subconductors and the jumper buses in the other bundle.

  19. High speed pulsed laser cutting of LiCoO2 Li-ion battery electrodes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lutey, Adrian H. A.; Fortunato, Alessandro; Carmignato, Simone; Fiorini, Maurizio

    2017-09-01

    Laser cutting of Li-ion battery electrodes represents an alternative to mechanical blanking that avoids complications associated with tool wear and allows assembly of different cell geometries with a single device. In this study, laser cutting of LiCoO2 Li-ion battery electrodes is performed at up to 5m /s with a 1064nm wavelength nanosecond pulsed fiber laser with a maximum average power of 500W and a repetition rate of up to 2MHz . Minimum average cutting power for cathode and anode multi-layer films is established for 12 parameter groups with velocities over the range 1 - 5m /s , varying laser pulse fluence and overlap. Within the tested parameter range, minimum energy per unit cut length is found to decrease with increasing repetition rate and velocity. SEM analysis of the resulting cut edges reveals visible clearance widths in the range 20 - 50 μm , with cut quality found to improve with velocity due to a reduction in lateral heat conduction losses. Raman line map spectra reveal changes in the cathode at 60 μm from the cut edge, where bands at 486cm-1 and 595cm-1 , corresponding to the Eg and A1g modes of LiCoO2 , are replaced with a single wide band centered at 544cm-1 , and evidence of carbon black is no longer present. No changes in Raman spectra are observed in the anode. The obtained results suggest that further improvements in cutting efficiency and quality could be achieved by increasing the repetition rate above 2MHz , thereby improving ablation efficiency of the metallic conductor layers. The laser source utilized in the present study nonetheless represents an immediately available solution for repeatability and throughput that are superior to mechanical blanking.

  20. A hybrid zone revisited: molecular and morphological analysis of the maintenance, movement, and evolution of a Great Plains avian (Cardinalidae: Pheucticus) hybrid zone

    PubMed Central

    METTLER, R. D.; SPELLMAN, G. M.

    2014-01-01

    Black-headed Grosbeaks (Pheucticus melanocephalus) and Rose-breasted Grosbeaks (Pheucticus ludovicianus) are passerine bird species known to hybridize in the Great Plains of North America. Both extrinsic (environmental) and intrinsic factors (pre- and postzygotic reproductive isolation) have been credited for the generation and maintenance of the grosbeak hybrid zone, but little is known about the genetic characteristics of this hybrid zone. To investigate the stability and extent of the grosbeak hybrid zone, we constructed clines from both molecular sequence data (mtDNA, 3 autosomal intron loci, and 1 Z-linked locus) and morphological data (morphometric analyses and hybrid index scores) to determined zone center and width. Hybrid zone center and width were also determined for samples collected across the zone 40 years ago from morphological data. The present and past clines were compared and provided support for stability in hybrid zone location and width, and the evolutionary implications of this are discussed. Three models of hybrid zone maintenance were investigated to consider the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on this zone. Our results suggest low hybrid frequencies, a stable zone location and narrow width, and reduced hybrid fitness over the past 40 years best categorize the grosbeak hybrid zone as a tension zone. PMID:19619198

  1. Polymer thick-film conductors and dielectrics for membrane switches and flexible circuitry

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Nazarenko, N.

    1983-01-01

    The fabrication and operation of membrane switches are discussed. The membrane switch functions as a normally open, momentary contact, low-voltage pressure-sensitive device. Its design is a three-layer sandwich usually constructed of polyester film. Conductive patterns are deposited onto the inner side of top and bottom sheets by silk screening. The center spacer is then placed between the two circuit layers to form a sandwich, generally held together by an adhesive. When pressure is applied to the top layer, it flexes through the punched openings of the spacer to establish electrical contact between conductive pads of the upper and lower sheets, momentarily closing the circuit. Upon release of force the top sheet springs back to its normal open position. The membrane touch switch is being used in a rapidly expanding range of applications, including instrumentation, appliances, electronic games and keyboards. Its board acceptance results from its low cost, durability, ease of manufacture, cosmetic appeal and design flexibility. The principal electronic components in the membrane switch are the conductor and dielectric.

  2. Fixed-frequency and Frequency-agile (au, HTS) Microstrip Bandstop Filters for L-band Applications

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Saenz, Eileen M.; Subramanyam, Guru; VanKeuls, Fred W.; Chen, Chonglin; Miranda, Felix A.

    2001-01-01

    In this work, we report on the performance of a highly selective, compact 1.83 x 2.08 cm(exp 2) (approx. 0.72 x 0.82 in(exp 2) microstrip line bandstop filter of YBa2CU3O(7-delta) (YBCO) on LaAlO3 (LAO) substrate. The filter is designed for a center frequency of 1.623 GHz for a bandwidth at 3 dB from reference baseline of less than 5.15 MHz, and a bandstop rejection of 30 dB or better. The design and optimization of the filter was performed using Zeland's IE3D circuit simulator. The optimized design was used to fabricate gold (Au) and High-Temperature Superconductor (HTS) versions of the filter. We have also studied an electronically tunable version of the same filter. Tunability of the bandstop characteristics is achieved by the integration of a thin film conductor (Au or HTS) and the nonlinear dielectric ferroelectric SrTiO3 in a conductor/ferroelectric/dielectric modified microstrip configuration. The performance of these filters and comparison with the simulated data will be presented.

  3. 46 CFR 129.370 - Equipment grounding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... and to a common ground by a conductor not normally carrying current. (b) Each metallic case of... grounding conductor must be sized to comply with section 250-95 of NEC (NFPA 70). (d) Each nonmetallic mast and topmast must have a lightning-ground conductor. ...

  4. 46 CFR 129.370 - Equipment grounding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... and to a common ground by a conductor not normally carrying current. (b) Each metallic case of... grounding conductor must be sized to comply with section 250-95 of NEC (NFPA 70). (d) Each nonmetallic mast and topmast must have a lightning-ground conductor. ...

  5. Radial electron-beam-breakup transit-time oscillator

    DOEpatents

    Kwan, Thomas J. T.; Mostrom, Michael A.

    1998-01-01

    A radial electron-beam-breakup transit-time oscillator (RBTO) provides a compact high power microwave generator. The RBTO includes a coaxial vacuum transmission line having an outer conductor and an inner conductor. The inner conductor defines an annular cavity with dimensions effective to support an electromagnetic field in a TEM.sub.00m mode. A radial field emission cathode is formed on the outer conductor for providing an electron beam directed toward the annular cavity electrode. Microwave energy is then extracted from the annular cavity electrode.

  6. Solid cartridge for a pulse weld forming electrode and method of joining tubular members

    DOEpatents

    Bonnen, John Joseph Francis; Golovashchenko, Sergey Fedorovich; Mamutov, Alexander; Maison, Lloyd Douglas; Dawson, Scott Alwyn; deVries, James

    2016-02-23

    A cartridge assembly is disclosed for a pulse welding a first tube supported on a mandrel to a second tube. An outer tool is assembled over the second tube and a stored charge is discharged in the cartridge assembly. The cartridge comprises an annular conductor and a solid casing enveloping the conductor. The stored charge is electrically connected to the conductor and discharged through the conductor to compress the second tube and pulse weld the second tube to the first tube.

  7. Electrically conductive connection for an electrode

    DOEpatents

    Hornack, Thomas R.; Chilko, Robert J.

    1986-01-01

    An electrically conductive connection for an electrode assembly of an electrolyte cell in which aluminum is produced by electrolysis in a molten salt is described. The electrode assembly comprises an electrode flask and a conductor rod. The flask has a collar above an area of minimum flask diameter. The electrically conductive connection comprises the electrode flask, the conductor rod and a structure bearing against the collar and the conductor rod for pulling the conductor rod into compressive and electrical contact with the flask.

  8. Electrically conductive connection for an electrode

    DOEpatents

    Hornack, T.R.; Chilko, R.J.

    1986-09-02

    An electrically conductive connection for an electrode assembly of an electrolyte cell in which aluminum is produced by electrolysis in a molten salt is described. The electrode assembly comprises an electrode flask and a conductor rod. The flask has a collar above an area of minimum flask diameter. The electrically conductive connection comprises the electrode flask, the conductor rod and a structure bearing against the collar and the conductor rod for pulling the conductor rod into compressive and electrical contact with the flask. 2 figs.

  9. KSC-2012-2749

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-05-11

    CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – United Space Alliance test conductors monitor the Firing Room 4 Master Console in the Launch Control Center as operations to power down space shuttle Endeavour for the final time are under way in Orbiter Processing Facility-2 at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. From left are Dave Martin, Gary Lewis, Ethan Waldron, and John Robb. The overall health and status of the shuttle’s Launch Processing System is overseen and controlled from the Master Console. Endeavour is being prepared for public display at the California Science Center in Los Angeles. Its ferry flight to California is targeted for mid-September. Endeavour was the last space shuttle added to NASA’s orbiter fleet. Over the course of its 19-year career, Endeavour spent 299 days in space during 25 missions. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/transition. Photo credit: NASA/Tim Jacobs

  10. Modelling sodium cobaltate by mapping onto magnetic Ising model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gemperline, Patrick; Morris, David Jonathan Pryce

    Fast Ion conductors are a class of crystals that are frequently used as battery materials, especially in smart phones, laptops, and other portable devices. Sodium Cobalt Oxide, NaxCoO2, falls into this class of crystals, but is unique because it possesses the ability to act as a thermoelectric material and a superconductor at different concentrations of Na+. The crystal lattice is mapped onto an Ising Magnetic Spin model and a Monte-Carol Simulation is used to find the most energetically favorable configuration of spins. This spin configuration is mapped back to the crystal lattice resulting in the most stable crystal structure of Sodium Cobalt Oxide at various concentrations. Knowing the atomic structures of the crystals will aid in the research of the materials capabilities and the possible uses of the material commercially. Ohio Supercomputer Center. 1987. Ohio Supercomputer Center. Columbus OH: Ohio Supercomputer Center. and the John Hauck Foundation.

  11. Stress-tuned conductor-polymer composite for use in sensors

    DOEpatents

    Martin, James E; Read, Douglas H

    2013-10-22

    A method for making a composite polymeric material with electrical conductivity determined by stress-tuning of the conductor-polymer composite, and sensors made with the stress-tuned conductor-polymer composite made by this method. Stress tuning is achieved by mixing a miscible liquid into the polymer precursor solution or by absorbing into the precursor solution a soluble compound from vapor in contact with the polymer precursor solution. The conductor may or may not be ordered by application of a magnetic field. The composite is formed by polymerization with the stress-tuning agent in the polymer matrix. The stress-tuning agent is removed following polymerization to produce a conductor-polymer composite with a stress field that depends on the amount of stress-tuning agent employed.

  12. Carbon Nanotube-based Sensor and Method for Continually Sensing Changes in a Structure

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Jordan, Jeffry D. (Inventor); Watkins, Anthony Neal (Inventor); Oglesby, Donald M. (Inventor); Ingram, JoAnne L. (Inventor)

    2007-01-01

    A sensor has a plurality of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based conductors operatively positioned on a substrate. The conductors are arranged side-by-side, such as in a substantially parallel relationship to one another. At least one pair of spaced-apart electrodes is coupled to opposing ends of the conductors. A portion of each of the conductors spanning between each pair of electrodes comprises a plurality of carbon nanotubes arranged end-to-end and substantially aligned along an axis. Because a direct correlation exists between resistance of a carbon nanotube and carbon nanotube strain, changes experienced by the portion of the structure to which the sensor is coupled induce a change in electrical properties of the conductors.

  13. Compact orthogonal NMR field sensor

    DOEpatents

    Gerald, II, Rex E.; Rathke, Jerome W [Homer Glen, IL

    2009-02-03

    A Compact Orthogonal Field Sensor for emitting two orthogonal electro-magnetic fields in a common space. More particularly, a replacement inductor for existing NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) sensors to allow for NMR imaging. The Compact Orthogonal Field Sensor has a conductive coil and a central conductor electrically connected in series. The central conductor is at least partially surrounded by the coil. The coil and central conductor are electrically or electro-magnetically connected to a device having a means for producing or inducing a current through the coil and central conductor. The Compact Orthogonal Field Sensor can be used in NMR imaging applications to determine the position and the associated NMR spectrum of a sample within the electro-magnetic field of the central conductor.

  14. Measurement of plasma sheath overlap above a trench

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sheridan, T. E.; Steinberger, Thomas E.

    2017-06-01

    The plasma sheath above a rectangular trench has been experimentally characterized as the trench width is varied in a radio frequency (rf) plasma discharge for two different rf powers giving two different sets of plasma parameters. Measurements were made using the positions and all six normal mode frequencies of two dust particles floating just inside the sheath edge above the center of the trench. We find that sheath overlap occurs when the trench width ≲ 3 s 0 for a trench depth ≈0.7s0, where s0 is the planar sheath width. The electric field gradient inside the sheath edge increases with rf power.

  15. Professional Orchestral Conductors' Use of Selected Teaching Behaviors in Rehearsal

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Whitaker, Jennifer A.

    2017-01-01

    This descriptive study examined professional conductors' use of rehearsal time in sequential pattern components, discussing task presentation targets, and using verbal imagery and modeling techniques. Commercially available videos of 15 professional conductors rehearsing prominent orchestras were scripted, coded, and timed for selected teaching…

  16. 30 CFR 75.601-3 - Short circuit protection; dual element fuses; current ratings; maximum values.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... devices shall not exceed the maximum values specified in this section: Conductor size (AWG or MGM) Single conductor cable Ampacity Max. fuse rating Two conductor cable Ampacity Max. fuse rating 14 15 15 12 20 20 10...

  17. 46 CFR 183.370 - General grounding requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... requirements. (a) A vessel's hull must not carry current as a conductor except for the following systems: (1... more, must have a grounding pole and a grounding conductor in the portable cord. (c) Each nonmetallic mast and top mast must have a lightning ground conductor. ...

  18. 46 CFR 183.370 - General grounding requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... requirements. (a) A vessel's hull must not carry current as a conductor except for the following systems: (1... more, must have a grounding pole and a grounding conductor in the portable cord. (c) Each nonmetallic mast and top mast must have a lightning ground conductor. ...

  19. 29 CFR 1910.304 - Wiring design and protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... grounding-type receptacles. (v) Receptacles connected to circuits having different voltages, frequencies, or... poles shall provide a horizontal climbing space not less than the following: (i) Power conductors below communication conductors—762 mm (30 in.); (ii) Power conductors alone or above communication conductors: (A) 300...

  20. 29 CFR 1910.304 - Wiring design and protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... grounding-type receptacles. (v) Receptacles connected to circuits having different voltages, frequencies, or... poles shall provide a horizontal climbing space not less than the following: (i) Power conductors below communication conductors—762 mm (30 in.); (ii) Power conductors alone or above communication conductors: (A) 300...

  1. 29 CFR 1910.304 - Wiring design and protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... grounding-type receptacles. (v) Receptacles connected to circuits having different voltages, frequencies, or... poles shall provide a horizontal climbing space not less than the following: (i) Power conductors below communication conductors—762 mm (30 in.); (ii) Power conductors alone or above communication conductors: (A) 300...

  2. 29 CFR 1910.304 - Wiring design and protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... grounding-type receptacles. (v) Receptacles connected to circuits having different voltages, frequencies, or... poles shall provide a horizontal climbing space not less than the following: (i) Power conductors below communication conductors—762 mm (30 in.); (ii) Power conductors alone or above communication conductors: (A) 300...

  3. 29 CFR 1910.304 - Wiring design and protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... grounding-type receptacles. (v) Receptacles connected to circuits having different voltages, frequencies, or... poles shall provide a horizontal climbing space not less than the following: (i) Power conductors below communication conductors—762 mm (30 in.); (ii) Power conductors alone or above communication conductors: (A) 300...

  4. 46 CFR 183.370 - General grounding requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... requirements. (a) A vessel's hull must not carry current as a conductor except for the following systems: (1... more, must have a grounding pole and a grounding conductor in the portable cord. (c) Each nonmetallic mast and top mast must have a lightning ground conductor. ...

  5. High density associative memory

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Moopenn, Alexander W. (Inventor); Thakoor, Anilkumar P. (Inventor); Daud, Taher (Inventor); Lambe, John J. (Inventor)

    1989-01-01

    A multi-layered, thin-film, digital memory having associative recall. There is a first memory matrix and a second memory matrix. Each memory matrix comprises, a first layer comprising a plurality of electrically separated row conductors; a second layer comprising a plurality of electrically separated column conductors intersecting but electrically separated from the row conductors; and, a plurality of resistance elements electrically connected between the row condutors and the column conductors at respective intersections of the row conductors and the column conductors, each resistance element comprising, in series, a first resistor of sufficiently high ohmage to conduct a sensible element current therethrough with virtually no heat-generating power consumption when a low voltage as employed in thin-film applications is applied thereacross and a second resistor of sufficiently high ohmage to conduct no sensible current therethrough when a low voltage as employed in thin-film applications is applied thereacross, the second resistor having the quality of breaking down to create a short therethrough upon the application of a breakdown level voltage across the first and second resistors.

  6. Analysis of Lightning-induced Impulse Magnetic Fields in the Building with an Insulated Down Conductor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Du, Patrick Y.; Zhou, Qi-Bin

    This paper presents an analysis of lightning-induced magnetic fields in a building. The building of concern is protected by the lightning protection system with an insulated down conductor. In this paper a system model for metallic structure of the building is constructed first using the circuit approach. The circuit model of the insulated down conductor is discussed extensively, and explicit expressions of the circuit parameters are presented. The system model was verified experimentally in the laboratory. The modeling approach is applied to analyze the impulse magnetic fields in a full-scale building during a direct lightning strike. It is found that the impulse magnetic field is significantly high near the down conductor. The field is attenuated if the down conductor is moved to a column in the building. The field can be reduced further if the down conductor is housed in an earthed metal pipe. Recommendations for protecting critical equipment against lightning-induced magnetic fields are also provided in the paper.

  7. Free Molecular Heat Transfer Programs for Setup and Dynamic Updating the Conductors in Thermal Desktop

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Malroy, Eric T.

    2007-01-01

    The programs, arrays and logic structure were developed to enable the dynamic update of conductors in thermal desktop. The MatLab program FMHTPRE.m processes the Thermal Desktop conductors and sets up the arrays. The user needs to manually copy portions of the output to different input regions in Thermal Desktop. Also, Fortran subroutines are provided that perform the actual updates to the conductors. The subroutines are setup for helium gas, but the equations can be modified for other gases. The maximum number of free molecular conductors allowed is 10,000 for a given radiation task. Additional radiation tasks for FMHT can be generated to account for more conductors. Modifications to the Fortran subroutines may be warranted, when the mode of heat transfer is in the mixed or continuum mode. The FMHT Thermal Desktop model should be activated by using the "Case Set Manager" once the model is setup. Careful setup of the model is needed to avoid excessive solve times.

  8. Ultra-stretchable conductors based on buckled super-aligned carbon nanotube films.

    PubMed

    Yu, Yang; Luo, Shu; Sun, Li; Wu, Yang; Jiang, Kaili; Li, Qunqing; Wang, Jiaping; Fan, Shoushan

    2015-06-14

    Ultra-stretchable conductors are fabricated by coating super-aligned carbon nanotube (SACNT) films on pre-strained polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates and forming buckled SACNT structures on PDMS after release of the pre-strain. The parallel SACNT/PDMS conductors demonstrate excellent stability with normalized resistance changes of only 4.1% under an applied strain as high as 200%. The SACNT/PDMS conductors prepared with cross-stacked SACNT films show even lower resistance variation. The parallel SACNT/PDMS conductors exhibit high durability with a resistance increase of less than 5% after 10,000 cycles at 150% strain. In situ microscopic observations demonstrate that the buckled SACNT structures are straightened during the stretching process with reversible morphology evolution and thus the continuous SACNT conductive network can be protected from fracture. Due to the excellent electrical and mechanical properties of SACNT films and the formation of the buckled structure, SACNT/PDMS films exhibit high stretchability and durability, possessing great potential for use as ultra-stretchable conductors for wearable electronics, sensors, and energy storage devices.

  9. Development of an YBCO coil with SSTC conductors for high field application

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shi, Y.; Liu, H. J.; Liu, F.; Tan, Y. F.; Jin, H.; Yu, M.; Lei, L.; Guo, L.; Hong, Z. Y.

    2018-07-01

    With the continuous reduction of the production costs and improvement of the transport performance, YBCO coated conductor is the most promising candidate for the high field magnet application due to its high irreversibility field and strong mechanical properties. Presently a stable production capacity of the YBCO conductors has been achieved by Shanghai Superconducting Technology Co., Ltd (SSTC) in China. Therefore, the demand in high field application with YBCO conductors is growing in China. This paper describes the design, fabrication and preliminary experiment of a solenoid coil with YBCO conductors supplied by SSTC to validate the possibility of high field application. Four same double pancakes were manufactured and assembled for the YBCO coil where the outer diameter and height was 54.3 and 48 mm respectively to match the dimensional limitation of the 14 T background magnets. The critical current (Ic) of YBCO conductors was obtained by measuring as a function of the applied field perpendicular to the YBCO conductor surface which provides the necessary input parameters for preliminary performance evaluation of the coil. Finally the preliminary test and discussion at 77 and 4.2 K were carried out. The consistency of four double pancakes Ic was achieved. The measured results indicate that the fabrication technology of HTS coil is reliable which gives the conference for the in-field test in high field application. This YBCO coil is the first demonstration of the SSTC YBCO coated conductors.

  10. Gender recognition depends on type of movement and motor skill. Analyzing and perceiving biological motion in musical and nonmusical tasks.

    PubMed

    Wöllner, Clemens; Deconinck, Frederik J A

    2013-05-01

    Gender recognition in point-light displays was investigated with regard to body morphology cues and motion cues of human motion performed with different levels of technical skill. Gestures of male and female orchestral conductors were recorded with a motion capture system while they conducted excerpts from a Mendelssohn string symphony to musicians. Point-light displays of conductors were presented to observers under the following conditions: visual-only, auditory-only, audiovisual, and two non-conducting conditions (walking and static images). Observers distinguished between male and female conductors in gait and static images, but not in visual-only and auditory-only conducting conditions. Across all conductors, gender recognition for audiovisual stimuli was better than chance, yet significantly less reliable than for gait. Separate analyses for two groups of conductors indicated an expertise effect in that novice conductors' gender was perceived above chance level for visual-only and audiovisual conducting, while skilled conducting gestures of experts did not afford gender-specific cues. In these conditions, participants may have ignored the body morphology cues that led to correct judgments for static images. Results point to a response bias such that conductors were more often judged to be male. Thus judgment accuracy depended both on the conductors' level of expertise as well as on the observers' concepts, suggesting that perceivable differences between men and women may diminish for highly trained movements of experienced individuals. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  11. Mammograms

    MedlinePlus

    ... gov/widgets/fahc.html" width="243" height="179" title="Find a Health Center Widget" ... M.D., Community Oncology and Prevention Trials Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, ...

  12. 30 CFR 7.402 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... cable splice kit which becomes part of a splice. Conductor. A bare or insulated wire or combination of... assembly of one or more insulated conductors of electric current under a common or integral jacket. A cable may also contain one or more uninsulated conductors. Jacket. A nonmetallic abrasion-resistant outer...

  13. 30 CFR 7.402 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... cable splice kit which becomes part of a splice. Conductor. A bare or insulated wire or combination of... assembly of one or more insulated conductors of electric current under a common or integral jacket. A cable may also contain one or more uninsulated conductors. Jacket. A nonmetallic abrasion-resistant outer...

  14. The Effect of Conductor Expressivity on Ensemble Performance Evaluation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Morrison, Steven J.; Price, Harry E.; Geiger, Carla G.; Cornacchio, Rachel A.

    2009-01-01

    In this study, the authors examined whether a conductor's use of high-expressivity or low-expressivity techniques affected evaluations of ensemble performances that were identical across conducting conditions. Two conductors each conducted two 1-minute parallel excerpts from Percy Grainger's "Walking Tune." Each directed one excerpt…

  15. Cognitive and Collaborative Demands of Freight Conductor Activities: Results and Implications of a Cognitive Task Analysis.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2011-09-19

    This paper reports the results of a cognitive task analysis (CTA) that examined the cognitive and collaborative demands placed on conductors and the knowledge and skills that experienced conductors have developed that enable them to operate safely an...

  16. Cognitive and collaborative demands of freight conductor activities: results and implications of a cognitive task analysis

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2012-07-31

    This report presents the results of a cognitive task analysis (CTA) that examined the cognitive and collaborative demands placed on conductors, as well as the knowledge and skills that experienced conductors have developed that enable them to operate...

  17. 30 CFR 57.12011 - High-potential electrical conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false High-potential electrical conductors. 57.12011 Section 57.12011 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12011 High-potential electrical conductors. High-potential electrical...

  18. 30 CFR 57.12011 - High-potential electrical conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false High-potential electrical conductors. 57.12011 Section 57.12011 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12011 High-potential electrical conductors. High-potential electrical...

  19. 30 CFR 57.12011 - High-potential electrical conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false High-potential electrical conductors. 57.12011 Section 57.12011 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12011 High-potential electrical conductors. High-potential electrical...

  20. 33 CFR 183.460 - Overcurrent protection: Special applications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Requirements § 183.460 Overcurrent protection: Special applications. (a) Each ungrounded output conductor from... conductor is in the main power feed circuit from the battery to an engine cranking motor. The circuit breaker or fuse must be within 72 inches of the battery measured along the conductor, unless, for boats...

  1. 33 CFR 183.460 - Overcurrent protection: Special applications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Requirements § 183.460 Overcurrent protection: Special applications. (a) Each ungrounded output conductor from... conductor is in the main power feed circuit from the battery to an engine cranking motor. The circuit breaker or fuse must be within 72 inches of the battery measured along the conductor, unless, for boats...

  2. 78 FR 37657 - Petition for a Waiver of Compliance

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-21

    ... of Conductors, at two of its maintenance operations. BTNA's first operation serves the Southern... Docket Number FRA-2013-0014. The conductor certification regulations provide that every train or yard crew, as defined in 49 CFR 218.5, Definitions, are required to have a certified conductor as a member...

  3. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Peterson, Kenneth A.; Knudson, Richard T.; Smith, Frank R.

    Generally annular full tape thickness conductors are formed in single or multiple tape layers, and then stacked to produce an annular solid conductive wall for enclosing an electromagnetic isolation cavity. The conductors may be formed using punch and fill operations, or by flowing conductor-containing material onto the tape edge surfaces that define the interior sidewalls of the cavity.

  4. 46 CFR 111.50-3 - Protection of conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Protection of conductors. 111.50-3 Section 111.50-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS... of overcurrent protection for conductors is to open the electric circuit if the current reaches a...

  5. 46 CFR 111.50-3 - Protection of conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Protection of conductors. 111.50-3 Section 111.50-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS... of overcurrent protection for conductors is to open the electric circuit if the current reaches a...

  6. 46 CFR 111.50-3 - Protection of conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Protection of conductors. 111.50-3 Section 111.50-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS... of overcurrent protection for conductors is to open the electric circuit if the current reaches a...

  7. 30 CFR 75.703-3 - Approved methods of grounding offtrack mobile, portable and stationary direct-current machines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... separate grounding conductor located within the trailing cable of mobile and portable equipment and... conductor located within the direct-current power cable feeding stationary equipment and connected between... ground conductor connected between stationary equipment and the direct-current grounding medium; or, (d...

  8. 30 CFR 75.703-3 - Approved methods of grounding offtrack mobile, portable and stationary direct-current machines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... separate grounding conductor located within the trailing cable of mobile and portable equipment and... conductor located within the direct-current power cable feeding stationary equipment and connected between... ground conductor connected between stationary equipment and the direct-current grounding medium; or, (d...

  9. 30 CFR 75.703-3 - Approved methods of grounding offtrack mobile, portable and stationary direct-current machines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... separate grounding conductor located within the trailing cable of mobile and portable equipment and... conductor located within the direct-current power cable feeding stationary equipment and connected between... ground conductor connected between stationary equipment and the direct-current grounding medium; or, (d...

  10. 30 CFR 75.703-3 - Approved methods of grounding offtrack mobile, portable and stationary direct-current machines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... separate grounding conductor located within the trailing cable of mobile and portable equipment and... conductor located within the direct-current power cable feeding stationary equipment and connected between... ground conductor connected between stationary equipment and the direct-current grounding medium; or, (d...

  11. 30 CFR 75.703-3 - Approved methods of grounding offtrack mobile, portable and stationary direct-current machines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... separate grounding conductor located within the trailing cable of mobile and portable equipment and... conductor located within the direct-current power cable feeding stationary equipment and connected between... ground conductor connected between stationary equipment and the direct-current grounding medium; or, (d...

  12. Doped LZO buffer layers for laminated conductors

    DOEpatents

    Paranthaman, Mariappan Parans [Knoxville, TN; Schoop, Urs [Westborough, MA; Goyal, Amit [Knoxville, TN; Thieme, Cornelis Leo Hans [Westborough, MA; Verebelyi, Darren T [Oxford, MA; Rupich, Martin W [Framingham, MA

    2010-03-23

    A laminated conductor includes a metallic substrate having a surface, a biaxially textured buffer layer supported by the surface of the substrate, the biaxially textured buffer layer comprising LZO and a dopant for mitigating metal diffusion through the LZO, and a biaxially textured conductor layer supported by the biaxially textured buffer layer.

  13. 30 CFR 57.12069 - Lightning protection for telephone wires and ungrounded conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Lightning protection for telephone wires and... AND NONMETAL MINES Electricity Surface Only § 57.12069 Lightning protection for telephone wires and ungrounded conductors. Each ungrounded conductor or telephone wire that leads underground and is directly...

  14. 30 CFR 56.12069 - Lightning protection for telephone wires and ungrounded conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lightning protection for telephone wires and... NONMETAL MINES Electricity § 56.12069 Lightning protection for telephone wires and ungrounded conductors. Each ungrounded power conductor or telephone wire that leads underground and is directly exposed to...

  15. 30 CFR 56.12069 - Lightning protection for telephone wires and ungrounded conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Lightning protection for telephone wires and... NONMETAL MINES Electricity § 56.12069 Lightning protection for telephone wires and ungrounded conductors. Each ungrounded power conductor or telephone wire that leads underground and is directly exposed to...

  16. 30 CFR 57.12069 - Lightning protection for telephone wires and ungrounded conductors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lightning protection for telephone wires and... AND NONMETAL MINES Electricity Surface Only § 57.12069 Lightning protection for telephone wires and ungrounded conductors. Each ungrounded conductor or telephone wire that leads underground and is directly...

  17. Ceramic to metal attachment system. [Ceramic electrode to metal conductor in MHD generator

    DOEpatents

    Marchant, D.D.

    1983-06-10

    A composition and method are described for attaching a ceramic electrode to a metal conductor. A layer of randomly interlocked metal fibers saturated with polyimide resin is sandwiched between the ceramic electrode and the metal conductor. The polyimide resin is then polymerized providing bonding.

  18. Assessment of sodium conductor distribution cable

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    None

    1979-06-01

    The study assesses the barriers and incentives for using sodium conductor distribution cable. The assessment considers environmental, safety, energy conservation, electrical performance and economic factors. Along with all of these factors considered in the assessment, the sodium distribution cable system is compared to the present day alternative - an aluminum conductor system. (TFD)

  19. The Principal as Orchestral Conductor.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Luce, David R.

    1992-01-01

    A new way of viewing the principal is to think of the principal as an orchestral conductor. Insights gained from this perspective may help in progressing toward more healthy and productive school organizations. Both the conductor and the principal are highly visible by virtue of their positions and function as intermediaries in their respective…

  20. Multiconductor Short/Open Cable Tester

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Eichenberg, Dennis

    1994-01-01

    Frequent or regular testing of multiconductor cables terminated in multipin conductors tedious, if not impossible, task. This inexpensive circuit simplifies open/short testing and is amenable to automation. In operation, pair of connectors selected to match pair of connectors installed on each of cables to be tested. As many connectors accommodated as required, and each can have as many conductors as required. Testing technique implemented with this circuit automated easily with electronic controls and computer interface. Printout provides status of each conductor in cable, indicating which, if any, of conductors has open or short circuit.

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