Sample records for channel assignment policy

  1. 47 CFR 90.625 - Other criteria to be applied in assigning channels for use in conventional systems of communication.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... certifies on its application that a channel will be loaded to 70 mobile stations, that channel will be made... COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES PRIVATE LAND MOBILE RADIO SERVICES... Policies Governing the Processing of Applications and the Selection and Assignment of Frequencies for Use...

  2. 47 CFR 22.719 - Additional channel policy for rural radiotelephone stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PUBLIC MOBILE SERVICES Rural Radiotelephone Service § 22.719 Additional channel... spectrum-efficient technologies (i.e. BETRS) and by assigning the minimum number of channels necessary to..., two-way mobile and rural radiotelephone services. In the case of conventional rural radiotelephone...

  3. 76 FR 18942 - Policies To Promote Rural Radio Service and To Streamline Allotment and Assignment Procedures

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-06

    ... to a showing that the proposed facility is designed to minimize non-Tribal coverage while still... procedures, procedural changes, and clarifications of existing rules and procedures, designed to promote... applicants from proposing to change channels from the non- reserved to reserved bands and vice-versa; and...

  4. 47 CFR 90.627 - Limitation on the number of frequency pairs that may be assignable for trunked systems and on the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... MOBILE RADIO SERVICES Regulations Governing Licensing and Use of Frequencies in the 806-824, 851-869, 896-901, and 935-940 MHz Bands Policies Governing the Processing of Applications and the Selection and... 70 mobile and control stations per channel. [47 FR 41032, Sept. 16, 1982, as amended at 48 FR 44559...

  5. 47 CFR 90.173 - Policies governing the assignment of frequencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... for stations in the 150-174 MHz and 421-512 MHz bands for operation on frequencies 15 kHz or less... frequencies that were available prior to August 18, 1995 will be granted with channel bandwidths of 25 kHz or... 12.5 kHz or less (i.e., in the Public Safety Pool, frequencies subject to §§ 90.20 (d)(27) and (d)(44...

  6. 47 CFR 90.173 - Policies governing the assignment of frequencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... for stations in the 150-174 MHz and 421-512 MHz bands for operation on frequencies 15 kHz or less... frequencies that were available prior to August 18, 1995 will be granted with channel bandwidths of 25 kHz or... 12.5 kHz or less (i.e., in the Public Safety Pool, frequencies subject to §§ 90.20 (d)(27) and (d)(44...

  7. 47 CFR 90.173 - Policies governing the assignment of frequencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... for stations in the 150-174 MHz and 421-512 MHz bands for operation on frequencies 15 kHz or less... frequencies that were available prior to August 18, 1995 will be granted with channel bandwidths of 25 kHz or... 12.5 kHz or less (i.e., in the Public Safety Pool, frequencies subject to §§ 90.20 (d)(27) and (d)(44...

  8. 47 CFR 90.173 - Policies governing the assignment of frequencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... for stations in the 150-174 MHz and 421-512 MHz bands for operation on frequencies 15 kHz or less... frequencies that were available prior to August 18, 1995 will be granted with channel bandwidths of 25 kHz or... 12.5 kHz or less (i.e., in the Public Safety Pool, frequencies subject to §§ 90.20 (d)(27) and (d)(44...

  9. 47 CFR 90.173 - Policies governing the assignment of frequencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... for stations in the 150-174 MHz and 421-512 MHz bands for operation on frequencies 15 kHz or less... frequencies that were available prior to August 18, 1995 will be granted with channel bandwidths of 25 kHz or... 12.5 kHz or less (i.e., in the Public Safety Pool, frequencies subject to §§ 90.20 (d)(27) and (d)(44...

  10. Minimum Interference Channel Assignment Algorithm for Multicast in a Wireless Mesh Network.

    PubMed

    Choi, Sangil; Park, Jong Hyuk

    2016-12-02

    Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have been considered as one of the key technologies for the configuration of wireless machines since they emerged. In a WMN, wireless routers provide multi-hop wireless connectivity between hosts in the network and also allow them to access the Internet via gateway devices. Wireless routers are typically equipped with multiple radios operating on different channels to increase network throughput. Multicast is a form of communication that delivers data from a source to a set of destinations simultaneously. It is used in a number of applications, such as distributed games, distance education, and video conferencing. In this study, we address a channel assignment problem for multicast in multi-radio multi-channel WMNs. In a multi-radio multi-channel WMN, two nearby nodes will interfere with each other and cause a throughput decrease when they transmit on the same channel. Thus, an important goal for multicast channel assignment is to reduce the interference among networked devices. We have developed a minimum interference channel assignment (MICA) algorithm for multicast that accurately models the interference relationship between pairs of multicast tree nodes using the concept of the interference factor and assigns channels to tree nodes to minimize interference within the multicast tree. Simulation results show that MICA achieves higher throughput and lower end-to-end packet delay compared with an existing channel assignment algorithm named multi-channel multicast (MCM). In addition, MICA achieves much lower throughput variation among the destination nodes than MCM.

  11. Minimum Interference Channel Assignment Algorithm for Multicast in a Wireless Mesh Network

    PubMed Central

    Choi, Sangil; Park, Jong Hyuk

    2016-01-01

    Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have been considered as one of the key technologies for the configuration of wireless machines since they emerged. In a WMN, wireless routers provide multi-hop wireless connectivity between hosts in the network and also allow them to access the Internet via gateway devices. Wireless routers are typically equipped with multiple radios operating on different channels to increase network throughput. Multicast is a form of communication that delivers data from a source to a set of destinations simultaneously. It is used in a number of applications, such as distributed games, distance education, and video conferencing. In this study, we address a channel assignment problem for multicast in multi-radio multi-channel WMNs. In a multi-radio multi-channel WMN, two nearby nodes will interfere with each other and cause a throughput decrease when they transmit on the same channel. Thus, an important goal for multicast channel assignment is to reduce the interference among networked devices. We have developed a minimum interference channel assignment (MICA) algorithm for multicast that accurately models the interference relationship between pairs of multicast tree nodes using the concept of the interference factor and assigns channels to tree nodes to minimize interference within the multicast tree. Simulation results show that MICA achieves higher throughput and lower end-to-end packet delay compared with an existing channel assignment algorithm named multi-channel multicast (MCM). In addition, MICA achieves much lower throughput variation among the destination nodes than MCM. PMID:27918438

  12. 47 CFR 74.786 - Digital channel assignments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.786 Digital channel assignments. (a) An applicant for a new low power television or television translator digital station or for changes in the facilities of an... VHF digital low power television or television translator station. Channels 5 and 6 assigned in Alaska...

  13. 47 CFR 74.702 - Channel assignments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., AUXILIARY, SPECIAL BROADCAST AND OTHER PROGRAM DISTRIBUTIONAL SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.702 Channel assignments. (a) An applicant for a new low power TV or TV translator... standard VHF Channels (2 to 13 inclusive) may be assigned to a VHF low power TV or TV translator station...

  14. High capacity low delay packet broadcasting multiaccess schemes for satellite repeater systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bose, S. K.

    1980-12-01

    Demand assigned packet radio schemes using satellite repeaters can achieve high capacities but often exhibit relatively large delays under low traffic conditions when compared to random access. Several schemes which improve delay performance at low traffic but which have high capacity are presented and analyzed. These schemes allow random acess attempts by users, who are waiting for channel assignments. The performance of these are considered in the context of a multiple point communication system carrying fixed length messages between geographically distributed (ground) user terminals which are linked via a satellite repeater. Channel assignments are done following a BCC queueing discipline by a (ground) central controller on the basis of requests correctly received over a collision type access channel. In TBACR Scheme A, some of the forward message channels are set aside for random access transmissions; the rest are used in a demand assigned mode. Schemes B and C operate all their forward message channels in a demand assignment mode but, by means of appropriate algorithms for trailer channel selection, allow random access attempts on unassigned channels. The latter scheme also introduces framing and slotting of the time axis to implement a more efficient algorithm for trailer channel selection than the former.

  15. Adaptive UEP and Packet Size Assignment for Scalable Video Transmission over Burst-Error Channels

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Chen-Wei; Yang, Chu-Sing; Su, Yih-Ching

    2006-12-01

    This work proposes an adaptive unequal error protection (UEP) and packet size assignment scheme for scalable video transmission over a burst-error channel. An analytic model is developed to evaluate the impact of channel bit error rate on the quality of streaming scalable video. A video transmission scheme, which combines the adaptive assignment of packet size with unequal error protection to increase the end-to-end video quality, is proposed. Several distinct scalable video transmission schemes over burst-error channel have been compared, and the simulation results reveal that the proposed transmission schemes can react to varying channel conditions with less and smoother quality degradation.

  16. 47 CFR 22.715 - Technical channel assignment criteria for rural radiotelephone stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Technical channel assignment criteria for rural radiotelephone stations. 22.715 Section 22.715 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PUBLIC MOBILE SERVICES Rural Radiotelephone Service § 22.715 Technical channel...

  17. 47 CFR 22.715 - Technical channel assignment criteria for rural radiotelephone stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Technical channel assignment criteria for rural radiotelephone stations. 22.715 Section 22.715 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PUBLIC MOBILE SERVICES Rural Radiotelephone Service § 22.715 Technical channel...

  18. 47 CFR 22.715 - Technical channel assignment criteria for rural radiotelephone stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Technical channel assignment criteria for rural radiotelephone stations. 22.715 Section 22.715 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PUBLIC MOBILE SERVICES Rural Radiotelephone Service § 22.715 Technical channel...

  19. 47 CFR 22.715 - Technical channel assignment criteria for rural radiotelephone stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Technical channel assignment criteria for rural radiotelephone stations. 22.715 Section 22.715 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PUBLIC MOBILE SERVICES Rural Radiotelephone Service § 22.715 Technical channel...

  20. 47 CFR 90.723 - Selection and assignment of frequencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Selection and assignment of frequencies. 90.723... 220-222 MHz Band § 90.723 Selection and assignment of frequencies. (a) Phase II applications for... systems, 10-channel EA systems, 15-channel Regional systems, public safety/mutual aid use, or emergency...

  1. 47 CFR 22.599 - Assignment of 72-76 MHz channels.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Section 22.599 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PUBLIC MOBILE SERVICES Paging and Radiotelephone Service Point-To-Point Operation § 22.599 Assignment of 72-76 MHz channels. Because of the potential for interference to the reception of TV Channels 4 and 5...

  2. 47 CFR 80.375 - Radiodetermination frequencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... channels in the 285-325 kHz band are assignable to ship stations for cable-repair radiodetermination... kHz band. The conditions of use of these channels are set forth in subpart X of this part. Channel... frequency bands above 2400 MHz. (1) The radiodetermination frequency bands assignable to ship and shore...

  3. 47 CFR 90.625 - Other criteria to be applied in assigning channels for use in conventional systems of communication.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... channels for use in conventional systems of communication. 90.625 Section 90.625 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES PRIVATE LAND MOBILE RADIO SERVICES... applied in assigning channels for use in conventional systems of communication. (a) Where an applicant...

  4. 47 CFR 90.719 - Individual channels available for assignment in the 220-222 MHz band.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... the 220-222 MHz band. 90.719 Section 90.719 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION... Licensing and Use of Frequencies in the 220-222 MHz Band § 90.719 Individual channels available for assignment in the 220-222 MHz band. (a) Channels 171 through 200 are available to both Government and non...

  5. 47 CFR 74.702 - Channel assignments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Booster Stations § 74.702 Channel assignments. (a) An applicant for a new low power TV or TV translator... pursuant to § 73.3572 of this chapter. (c) A television broadcast booster station will be authorized on the...

  6. 47 CFR 74.702 - Channel assignments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Booster Stations § 74.702 Channel assignments. (a) An applicant for a new low power TV or TV translator... pursuant to § 73.3572 of this chapter. (c) A television broadcast booster station will be authorized on the...

  7. 47 CFR 74.702 - Channel assignments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Booster Stations § 74.702 Channel assignments. (a) An applicant for a new low power TV or TV translator... pursuant to § 73.3572 of this chapter. (c) A television broadcast booster station will be authorized on the...

  8. 47 CFR 74.702 - Channel assignments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Booster Stations § 74.702 Channel assignments. (a) An applicant for a new low power TV or TV translator... pursuant to § 73.3572 of this chapter. (c) A television broadcast booster station will be authorized on the...

  9. Evaluation of Dynamic Channel and Power Assignment for Cognitive Networks

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Syed A. Ahmad; Umesh Shukla; Ryan E. Irwin

    2011-03-01

    In this paper, we develop a unifying optimization formulation to describe the Dynamic Channel and Power Assignment (DCPA) problem and evaluation method for comparing DCPA algorithms. DCPA refers to the allocation of transmit power and frequency channels to links in a cognitive network so as to maximize the total number of feasible links while minimizing the aggregate transmit power. We apply our evaluation method to five algorithms representative of DCPA used in literature. This comparison illustrates the tradeoffs between control modes (centralized versus distributed) and channel/power assignment techniques. We estimate the complexity of each algorithm. Through simulations, we evaluate themore » effectiveness of the algorithms in achieving feasible link allocations in the network, as well as their power efficiency. Our results indicate that, when few channels are available, the effectiveness of all algorithms is comparable and thus the one with smallest complexity should be selected. The Least Interfering Channel and Iterative Power Assignment (LICIPA) algorithm does not require cross-link gain information, has the overall lowest run time, and highest feasibility ratio of all the distributed algorithms; however, this comes at a cost of higher average power per link.« less

  10. 47 CFR 22.169 - International coordination of channel assignments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false International coordination of channel assignments. 22.169 Section 22.169 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PUBLIC MOBILE SERVICES Licensing Requirements and Procedures Applications and...

  11. 47 CFR 74.402 - Frequency assignment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... two of the following 6.25 kHz segments may be stacked to form a channel which may be assigned for use... paragraph (e)(9) of this section. (b) Up to four of the following 7.5 kHz VHF segments and up to eight of the following 6.25 kHz UHF segments may be stacked to form a channel which may be assigned for use by...

  12. 47 CFR 74.402 - Frequency assignment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... two of the following 6.25 kHz segments may be stacked to form a channel which may be assigned for use... paragraph (e)(9) of this section. (b) Up to four of the following 7.5 kHz VHF segments and up to eight of the following 6.25 kHz UHF segments may be stacked to form a channel which may be assigned for use by...

  13. 47 CFR 74.402 - Frequency assignment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... two of the following 6.25 kHz segments may be stacked to form a channel which may be assigned for use... paragraph (e)(9) of this section. (b) Up to four of the following 7.5 kHz VHF segments and up to eight of the following 6.25 kHz UHF segments may be stacked to form a channel which may be assigned for use by...

  14. 47 CFR 74.402 - Frequency assignment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... two of the following 6.25 kHz segments may be stacked to form a channel which may be assigned for use... paragraph (e)(9) of this section. (b) Up to four of the following 7.5 kHz VHF segments and up to eight of the following 6.25 kHz UHF segments may be stacked to form a channel which may be assigned for use by...

  15. 48 CFR 632.803 - Policies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Policies. 632.803 Section... CONTRACT FINANCING Assignment of Claims 632.803 Policies. (b) The assignment of claims shall be prohibited... Directors, Regional Procurement Support Offices may approve the assignment of claims for contracts under...

  16. 48 CFR 632.803 - Policies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Policies. 632.803 Section... CONTRACT FINANCING Assignment of Claims 632.803 Policies. (b) The assignment of claims shall be prohibited... Directors, Regional Procurement Support Offices may approve the assignment of claims for contracts under...

  17. 47 CFR 73.4104 - FM assignment policies and procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false FM assignment policies and procedures. 73.4104 Section 73.4104 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Rules Applicable to All Broadcast Stations § 73.4104 FM assignment policies and...

  18. 47 CFR 73.4104 - FM assignment policies and procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false FM assignment policies and procedures. 73.4104 Section 73.4104 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Rules Applicable to All Broadcast Stations § 73.4104 FM assignment policies and...

  19. Design of a Software Configuration for Real-Time Multimedia Group Communication; HNUMTP

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Park, Gil-Cheol

    This paper designs transport protocol of multi-session/channel method for real time multimedia group telecommunication and realizes it. The special features of the designed and realized protocol are first, that it solved the sync problem which is the specific character of multimedia telecommunication by using multi-channel method protocol. Usual multimedia telecommunication is assigned one channel by each media data. This paper shortened the phenomenon that waits data for sync of receiving part by assigning more than one channel for the channel that has a lot of data per hour as video data. The problem of intermedia synchronization that happens then could be solved by sending temporal/spacial related data among data assigning extra control channel. Second, that it does integrated management for sessions. Each session is one group telecommunication unit which supports mutual working environment that is independent. Each session communicates the participants in the group independently, the session manager manages all the communication among groups and lets media sources connected with all network be operated efficiently.

  20. Transmit Designs for the MIMO Broadcast Channel With Statistical CSI

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wu, Yongpeng; Jin, Shi; Gao, Xiqi; McKay, Matthew R.; Xiao, Chengshan

    2014-09-01

    We investigate the multiple-input multiple-output broadcast channel with statistical channel state information available at the transmitter. The so-called linear assignment operation is employed, and necessary conditions are derived for the optimal transmit design under general fading conditions. Based on this, we introduce an iterative algorithm to maximize the linear assignment weighted sum-rate by applying a gradient descent method. To reduce complexity, we derive an upper bound of the linear assignment achievable rate of each receiver, from which a simplified closed-form expression for a near-optimal linear assignment matrix is derived. This reveals an interesting construction analogous to that of dirty-paper coding. In light of this, a low complexity transmission scheme is provided. Numerical examples illustrate the significant performance of the proposed low complexity scheme.

  1. 47 CFR 74.1202 - Frequency assignment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... FM Broadcast Booster Stations § 74.1202 Frequency assignment. (a) An applicant for a new FM broadcast... broadcast booster station will be assigned the channel assigned to its primary station. [35 FR 15388, Oct. 2...

  2. 47 CFR 74.1202 - Frequency assignment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... FM Broadcast Booster Stations § 74.1202 Frequency assignment. (a) An applicant for a new FM broadcast... broadcast booster station will be assigned the channel assigned to its primary station. [35 FR 15388, Oct. 2...

  3. 47 CFR 74.1202 - Frequency assignment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... FM Broadcast Booster Stations § 74.1202 Frequency assignment. (a) An applicant for a new FM broadcast... broadcast booster station will be assigned the channel assigned to its primary station. [35 FR 15388, Oct. 2...

  4. 47 CFR 74.1202 - Frequency assignment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... FM Broadcast Booster Stations § 74.1202 Frequency assignment. (a) An applicant for a new FM broadcast... broadcast booster station will be assigned the channel assigned to its primary station. [35 FR 15388, Oct. 2...

  5. 47 CFR 74.602 - Frequency assignment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... gateway earth stations shall operate on a primary co-equal basis. The band 13.20-13.2125 GHz is reserved... communication services and exclusive channel assignments will not be made, nor is the channeling shown above... § 74.638. (e) Communication common carriers in the Local Television Transmission Service (Part 101) may...

  6. A demand assignment control in international business satellite communications network

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nohara, Mitsuo; Takeuchi, Yoshio; Takahata, Fumio; Hirata, Yasuo

    An experimental system is being developed for use in an international business satellite (IBS) communications network based on demand-assignment (DA) and TDMA techniques. This paper discusses its system design, in particular from the viewpoints of a network configuration, a DA control, and a satellite channel-assignment algorithm. A satellite channel configuration is also presented along with a tradeoff study on transmission rate, HPA output power, satellite resource efficiency, service quality, and so on.

  7. 41 CFR 102-79.10 - What basic assignment and utilization of space policy governs an Executive agency?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... and utilization of space policy governs an Executive agency? 102-79.10 Section 102-79.10 Public... MANAGEMENT REGULATION REAL PROPERTY 79-ASSIGNMENT AND UTILIZATION OF SPACE General Provisions § 102-79.10 What basic assignment and utilization of space policy governs an Executive agency? Executive agencies...

  8. 41 CFR 102-79.10 - What basic assignment and utilization of space policy governs an Executive agency?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... and utilization of space policy governs an Executive agency? 102-79.10 Section 102-79.10 Public... MANAGEMENT REGULATION REAL PROPERTY 79-ASSIGNMENT AND UTILIZATION OF SPACE General Provisions § 102-79.10 What basic assignment and utilization of space policy governs an Executive agency? Executive agencies...

  9. 41 CFR 102-79.10 - What basic assignment and utilization of space policy governs an Executive agency?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... and utilization of space policy governs an Executive agency? 102-79.10 Section 102-79.10 Public... MANAGEMENT REGULATION REAL PROPERTY 79-ASSIGNMENT AND UTILIZATION OF SPACE General Provisions § 102-79.10 What basic assignment and utilization of space policy governs an Executive agency? Executive agencies...

  10. 41 CFR 102-79.10 - What basic assignment and utilization of space policy governs an Executive agency?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... and utilization of space policy governs an Executive agency? 102-79.10 Section 102-79.10 Public... MANAGEMENT REGULATION REAL PROPERTY 79-ASSIGNMENT AND UTILIZATION OF SPACE General Provisions § 102-79.10 What basic assignment and utilization of space policy governs an Executive agency? Executive agencies...

  11. The "Post-Racial" Politics of Race: Changing Student Assignment Policy in Three School Districts

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McDermott, Kathryn A.; Frankenberg, Erica; Diem, Sarah

    2015-01-01

    Many school districts have recently revised, or tried to revise, their policies for assigning students to schools, because the legal and political status of racial and other kinds of diversity is uncertain, and the districts are facing fiscal austerity. This article presents case studies of politics and student assignment policy in three large…

  12. A mobile communication system providing integrated voice/data services over power limited satellite channels

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bose, Sanjay K.; Gordon, J. J.

    The modeling and analysis of a system providing integrated voice/data services to mobile terminals over a power-limited satellite channel are discussed. The mobiles use slotted Aloha random access to send requests for channel assignments to a central station. For successful requests, the actual transmission of voice/data within a call is done using the channel assigned for this purpose by the central station. The satellite channel is assumed to be power limited. Taking into account the known burstiness of voice sources (which use a voice-activated switch), the central station overassigns channels so that the average total power is below the power limit of the satellite transponder. The performance of this model is analyzed. Certain simple, static control strategies for improving performance are also proposed.

  13. Super-channel oriented routing, spectrum and core assignment under crosstalk limit in spatial division multiplexing elastic optical networks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhao, Yongli; Zhu, Ye; Wang, Chunhui; Yu, Xiaosong; Liu, Chuan; Liu, Binglin; Zhang, Jie

    2017-07-01

    With the capacity increasing in optical networks enabled by spatial division multiplexing (SDM) technology, spatial division multiplexing elastic optical networks (SDM-EONs) attract much attention from both academic and industry. Super-channel is an important type of service provisioning in SDM-EONs. This paper focuses on the issue of super-channel construction in SDM-EONs. Mixed super-channel oriented routing, spectrum and core assignment (MS-RSCA) algorithm is proposed in SDM-EONs considering inter-core crosstalk. Simulation results show that MS-RSCA can improve spectrum resource utilization and reduce blocking probability significantly compared with the baseline RSCA algorithms.

  14. Implications of Income-Based School Assignment Policies for Racial School Segregation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Reardon, Sean F.; Yun, John T.; Kurlaender, Michal

    2006-01-01

    A number of public school districts in the United States have adopted income-based integration policies--policies that use measures of family income or socioeconomic status--in determining school assignment. Some scholars and policymakers contend that such policies will also reduce racial segregation. In this article this assumption is explored by…

  15. Multi-channel distributed coordinated function over single radio in wireless sensor networks.

    PubMed

    Campbell, Carlene E-A; Loo, Kok-Keong Jonathan; Gemikonakli, Orhan; Khan, Shafiullah; Singh, Dhananjay

    2011-01-01

    Multi-channel assignments are becoming the solution of choice to improve performance in single radio for wireless networks. Multi-channel allows wireless networks to assign different channels to different nodes in real-time transmission. In this paper, we propose a new approach, Multi-channel Distributed Coordinated Function (MC-DCF) which takes advantage of multi-channel assignment. The backoff algorithm of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) was modified to invoke channel switching, based on threshold criteria in order to improve the overall throughput for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) over 802.11 networks. We presented simulation experiments in order to investigate the characteristics of multi-channel communication in wireless sensor networks using an NS2 platform. Nodes only use a single radio and perform channel switching only after specified threshold is reached. Single radio can only work on one channel at any given time. All nodes initiate constant bit rate streams towards the receiving nodes. In this work, we studied the impact of non-overlapping channels in the 2.4 frequency band on: constant bit rate (CBR) streams, node density, source nodes sending data directly to sink and signal strength by varying distances between the sensor nodes and operating frequencies of the radios with different data rates. We showed that multi-channel enhancement using our proposed algorithm provides significant improvement in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio and delay. This technique can be considered for WSNs future use in 802.11 networks especially when the IEEE 802.11n becomes popular thereby may prevent the 802.15.4 network from operating effectively in the 2.4 GHz frequency band.

  16. Multi-Channel Distributed Coordinated Function over Single Radio in Wireless Sensor Networks

    PubMed Central

    Campbell, Carlene E.-A.; Loo, Kok-Keong (Jonathan); Gemikonakli, Orhan; Khan, Shafiullah; Singh, Dhananjay

    2011-01-01

    Multi-channel assignments are becoming the solution of choice to improve performance in single radio for wireless networks. Multi-channel allows wireless networks to assign different channels to different nodes in real-time transmission. In this paper, we propose a new approach, Multi-channel Distributed Coordinated Function (MC-DCF) which takes advantage of multi-channel assignment. The backoff algorithm of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) was modified to invoke channel switching, based on threshold criteria in order to improve the overall throughput for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) over 802.11 networks. We presented simulation experiments in order to investigate the characteristics of multi-channel communication in wireless sensor networks using an NS2 platform. Nodes only use a single radio and perform channel switching only after specified threshold is reached. Single radio can only work on one channel at any given time. All nodes initiate constant bit rate streams towards the receiving nodes. In this work, we studied the impact of non-overlapping channels in the 2.4 frequency band on: constant bit rate (CBR) streams, node density, source nodes sending data directly to sink and signal strength by varying distances between the sensor nodes and operating frequencies of the radios with different data rates. We showed that multi-channel enhancement using our proposed algorithm provides significant improvement in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio and delay. This technique can be considered for WSNs future use in 802.11 networks especially when the IEEE 802.11n becomes popular thereby may prevent the 802.15.4 network from operating effectively in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. PMID:22346614

  17. Kalai-Smorodinsky bargaining solution for optimal resource allocation over wireless DS-CDMA visual sensor networks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pandremmenou, Katerina; Kondi, Lisimachos P.; Parsopoulos, Konstantinos E.

    2012-01-01

    Surveillance applications usually require high levels of video quality, resulting in high power consumption. The existence of a well-behaved scheme to balance video quality and power consumption is crucial for the system's performance. In the present work, we adopt the game-theoretic approach of Kalai-Smorodinsky Bargaining Solution (KSBS) to deal with the problem of optimal resource allocation in a multi-node wireless visual sensor network (VSN). In our setting, the Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) method is used for channel access, while a cross-layer optimization design, which employs a central processing server, accounts for the overall system efficacy through all network layers. The task assigned to the central server is the communication with the nodes and the joint determination of their transmission parameters. The KSBS is applied to non-convex utility spaces, efficiently distributing the source coding rate, channel coding rate and transmission powers among the nodes. In the underlying model, the transmission powers assume continuous values, whereas the source and channel coding rates can take only discrete values. Experimental results are reported and discussed to demonstrate the merits of KSBS over competing policies.

  18. On the number of channels needed to classify vowels: Implications for cochlear implants

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fourakis, Marios; Hawks, John W.; Davis, Erin

    2005-09-01

    In cochlear implants the incoming signal is analyzed by a bank of filters. Each filter is associated with an electrode to constitute a channel. The present research seeks to determine the number of channels needed for optimal vowel classification. Formant measurements of vowels produced by men and women [Hillenbrand et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 3099-3111 (1995)] were converted to channel assignments. The number of channels varied from 4 to 20 over two frequency ranges (180-4000 and 180-6000 Hz) in equal bark steps. Channel assignments were submitted to linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Classification accuracy increased with the number of channels, ranging from 30% with 4 channels to 98% with 20 channels, both for the female voice. To determine asymptotic performance, LDA classification scores were plotted against the number of channels and fitted with quadratic equations. The number of channels at which no further improvement occurred was determined, averaging 19 across all conditions with little variation. This number of channels seems to resolve the frequency range spanned by the first three formants finely enough to maximize vowel classification. This resolution may not be achieved using six or eight channels as previously proposed. [Work supported by NIH.

  19. Using interviews to understand the assignment mechanism in a nonexperimental study: the case of eighth grade algebra.

    PubMed

    Rickles, Jordan H

    2011-10-01

    Many inquiries regarding the causal effects of policies or programs are based on research designs where the treatment assignment process is unknown, and thus valid inferences depend on tenuous assumptions about the assignment mechanism. This article draws attention to the importance of understanding the assignment mechanism in policy and program evaluation studies, and illustrates how information collected through interviews can develop a richer understanding of the assignment mechanism. Focusing on the issue of student assignment to algebra in 8th grade, I show how a preliminary data collection effort aimed at understanding the assignment mechanism is particularly beneficial in multisite observational studies in education. The findings, based on ten interviews and administrative data from a large school district, draw attention to the often ignored heterogeneity in the assignment mechanism across schools. These findings likely extend beyond the current research project in question to related educational policy issues such as ability grouping, tracking, differential course taking, and curricular intensity, as well as other social programs in which the assignment mechanism can differ across sites.

  20. 47 CFR 90.621 - Selection and assignment of frequencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... channel(s) for which authorization for commercial use is sought that operate within 25 kHz of the center...-channel station that has been granted channel exclusivity and authorized 1 kW ERP on any of the following... been granted channel exclusivity and authorized 1 kW ERP on any of the following mountaintop sites...

  1. 47 CFR 90.621 - Selection and assignment of frequencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... channel(s) for which authorization for commercial use is sought that operate within 25 kHz of the center...-channel station that has been granted channel exclusivity and authorized 1 kW ERP on any of the following... been granted channel exclusivity and authorized 1 kW ERP on any of the following mountaintop sites...

  2. 47 CFR 73.27 - Local channels; Class C stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Local channels; Class C stations. 73.27 Section... BROADCAST SERVICES AM Broadcast Stations § 73.27 Local channels; Class C stations. Within the conterminous 48 states, the following frequencies are designated as local channels, and are assigned for use by...

  3. 47 CFR 90.723 - Selection and assignment of frequencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... shall specify the number of frequencies requested. All frequencies in this band will be assigned by the... assigned only the number of channels justified to meet their requirements. (d) Phase I base or fixed station receivers utilizing 221-222 MHz frequencies assigned from Sub-band A as designated in § 90.715(b...

  4. 47 CFR 90.723 - Selection and assignment of frequencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... shall specify the number of frequencies requested. All frequencies in this band will be assigned by the... assigned only the number of channels justified to meet their requirements. (d) Phase I base or fixed station receivers utilizing 221-222 MHz frequencies assigned from Sub-band A as designated in § 90.715(b...

  5. 47 CFR 90.723 - Selection and assignment of frequencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... shall specify the number of frequencies requested. All frequencies in this band will be assigned by the... assigned only the number of channels justified to meet their requirements. (d) Phase I base or fixed station receivers utilizing 221-222 MHz frequencies assigned from Sub-band A as designated in § 90.715(b...

  6. An efficient protocol for providing integrated voice/data services to mobiles over power-limited satellite channels

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bose, Sanjay K.

    1991-02-01

    Various mobile satellite communication systems are being developed for providing integrated voice/data services over a shared satellite transponder which is power-limited in nature. A common strategy is to use slotted ALOHA request channels to request channel assignments for voice/data calls from a network management station. To maximize efficiency in a system with a power-limited satellite transponder, it is proposed that the bursty nature of voice sources be exploited by the NMS to 'over-assign' channels. This may cause problems of inefficiency and potential instability, as well as a degradation in the quality of service. Augmenting this with the introduction of simple state-dependent control procedures provides systems which exhibit more desirable operational features.

  7. How Labor Management Relations and Human Resource Policies Affect the Process of Teacher Assignment in Urban School Districts

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Youngs, Peter; Pogodzinski, Ben; Galey, Sarah

    2015-01-01

    Purpose: This study examined how labor-management relations between school districts and teacher associations seem to affect teacher contract provisions regarding the role of seniority in teacher assignment and how contract provisions and teacher assignment policies seem to affect beginning teachers' perceptions about their work environments.…

  8. 14 CFR 385.21 - Authority of the Chief, Accounting Division, Office of Budget and Policy, Federal Transit...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Authority of the Chief, Accounting Division... ASSIGNMENTS AND REVIEW OF ACTION UNDER ASSIGNMENTS Assignment of Functions to Staff Members § 385.21 Authority of the Chief, Accounting Division, Office of Budget and Policy, Federal Transit Administration. The...

  9. Frequency Reuse, Cell Separation, and Capacity Analysis of VHF Digital Link Mode 3 TDMA

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Shamma, Mohammed A.; Nguyen, Thanh C.; Apaza, Rafael D.

    2003-01-01

    The most recent studies by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the aviation industry have indicated that it has become increasingly difficult to make new VHF frequency or channel assignments to meet the aviation needs for air-ground communications. FAA has planned for several aggressive improvement measures to the existing systems, but these measures would not meet the projected voice communications needs beyond 2009. FAA found that since 1974 there has been, on the average, a 4 percent annual increase in the number of channel assignments needed to satisfy the air-ground communication traffic (approximately 300 new channel assignments per year). With the planned improvement measures, the channel assignments are expected to reach a maximum number of 16615 channels by about 2010. Hence, the FAA proposed the use of VDL Mode 3 as a new integrated digital voice and data communications systems to meet the future air traffic demand. This paper presents analytical results of frequency reuse; cell separation and capacity estimation of VDL Mode 3 TDMA systems that FAA has planned to implement the future VHF air-ground communications system by the year 2010. For TDMA, it is well understood that the frequency reuse factor is a crucial parameter for capacity estimation. Formulation of this frequency reuse factor is shown, taking into account the limitation imposed by the requirement to have a sufficient Signal to Co-Channel Interference Ratio. Several different values for the Signal to Co-Channel Interference Ratio were utilized corresponding to the current analog VHF DSB-AM systems, and the future digital VDL Mode 3. The required separation of Co-Channel cells is computed for most of the Frequency Protected Service Volumes (FPSV's) currently in use by the FAA. Additionally, the ideal cell capacity for each FPSV is presented. Also, using actual traffic for the Detroit air space, a FPSV traffic distribution model is used to generate a typical cell for channel capacity prediction. Such prediction is useful for evaluating the improvement of future VDL Mode 3 deployment and capacity planning.

  10. Architectures and protocols for an integrated satellite-terrestrial mobile system

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Delre, E.; Dellipriscoli, F.; Iannucci, P.; Menolascino, R.; Settimo, F.

    1993-01-01

    This paper aims to depict some basic concepts related to the definition of an integrated system for mobile communications, consisting of a satellite network and a terrestrial cellular network. In particular three aspects are discussed: (1) architecture definition for the satellite network; (2) assignment strategy of the satellite channels; and (3) definition of 'internetworking procedures' between cellular and satellite network, according to the selected architecture and the satellite channel assignment strategy.

  11. FD/DAMA Scheme For Mobile/Satellite Communications

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Yan, Tsun-Yee; Wang, Charles C.; Cheng, Unjeng; Rafferty, William; Dessouky, Khaled I.

    1992-01-01

    Integrated-Adaptive Mobile Access Protocol (I-AMAP) proposed to allocate communication channels to subscribers in first-generation MSAT-X mobile/satellite communication network. Based on concept of frequency-division/demand-assigned multiple access (FD/DAMA) where partition of available spectrum adapted to subscribers' demands for service. Requests processed, and competing requests resolved according to channel-access protocol, or free-access tree algorithm described in "Connection Protocol for Mobile/Satellite Communications" (NPO-17735). Assigned spectrum utilized efficiently.

  12. 47 CFR 22.719 - Additional channel policy for rural radiotelephone stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Additional channel policy for rural radiotelephone stations. 22.719 Section 22.719 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PUBLIC MOBILE SERVICES Rural Radiotelephone Service § 22.719 Additional channel...

  13. 47 CFR 22.719 - Additional channel policy for rural radiotelephone stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Additional channel policy for rural radiotelephone stations. 22.719 Section 22.719 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PUBLIC MOBILE SERVICES Rural Radiotelephone Service § 22.719 Additional channel...

  14. 47 CFR 22.719 - Additional channel policy for rural radiotelephone stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Additional channel policy for rural radiotelephone stations. 22.719 Section 22.719 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PUBLIC MOBILE SERVICES Rural Radiotelephone Service § 22.719 Additional channel...

  15. The University Inventor's Obligation to Assign: A Review of US Case Law on the Enforceability of University Patent Policies

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ohashi, Naoko

    2004-01-01

    Until recently, it was unclear under US case law whether university patent policies were sufficient to obligate university personnel to assign their inventions to the university without a signed invention-assignment agreement. This paper examines the question through recent case law. These cases indicate a trend in support of university claims…

  16. Robust vector quantization for noisy channels

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Demarca, J. R. B.; Farvardin, N.; Jayant, N. S.; Shoham, Y.

    1988-01-01

    The paper briefly discusses techniques for making vector quantizers more tolerant to tranmsission errors. Two algorithms are presented for obtaining an efficient binary word assignment to the vector quantizer codewords without increasing the transmission rate. It is shown that about 4.5 dB gain over random assignment can be achieved with these algorithms. It is also proposed to reduce the effects of error propagation in vector-predictive quantizers by appropriately constraining the response of the predictive loop. The constrained system is shown to have about 4 dB of SNR gain over an unconstrained system in a noisy channel, with a small loss of clean-channel performance.

  17. 47 CFR 90.509 - Frequencies available for assignment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... assignment. Stations engaged in developmental operation may be authorized to use a frequency or frequencies available in the service in which they propose to operate. The number of channels assigned will depend upon the specific requirements of the developmental program and the number of frequencies available in the...

  18. 47 CFR 90.509 - Frequencies available for assignment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... assignment. Stations engaged in developmental operation may be authorized to use a frequency or frequencies available in the service in which they propose to operate. The number of channels assigned will depend upon the specific requirements of the developmental program and the number of frequencies available in the...

  19. 47 CFR 90.509 - Frequencies available for assignment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... assignment. Stations engaged in developmental operation may be authorized to use a frequency or frequencies available in the service in which they propose to operate. The number of channels assigned will depend upon the specific requirements of the developmental program and the number of frequencies available in the...

  20. Optimal block cosine transform image coding for noisy channels

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Vaishampayan, V.; Farvardin, N.

    1986-01-01

    The two dimensional block transform coding scheme based on the discrete cosine transform was studied extensively for image coding applications. While this scheme has proven to be efficient in the absence of channel errors, its performance degrades rapidly over noisy channels. A method is presented for the joint source channel coding optimization of a scheme based on the 2-D block cosine transform when the output of the encoder is to be transmitted via a memoryless design of the quantizers used for encoding the transform coefficients. This algorithm produces a set of locally optimum quantizers and the corresponding binary code assignment for the assumed transform coefficient statistics. To determine the optimum bit assignment among the transform coefficients, an algorithm was used based on the steepest descent method, which under certain convexity conditions on the performance of the channel optimized quantizers, yields the optimal bit allocation. Comprehensive simulation results for the performance of this locally optimum system over noisy channels were obtained and appropriate comparisons against a reference system designed for no channel error were rendered.

  1. 47 CFR 74.501 - Classes of aural broadcast auxiliary stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...-owned noncommercial educational FM translator stations assigned to reserved channels (Channels 201 to 220), between FM radio stations and FM translator stations operating within the coverage contour of...

  2. 47 CFR 73.21 - Classes of AM broadcast channels and stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... stations. (a) Clear channel. A clear channel is one on which stations are assigned to serve wide areas... equivalent RMS antenna field of less than 141 mV/m at one km. Class D stations shall operate with daytime... regional channel is one on which Class B and Class D stations may operate and serve primarily a principal...

  3. 33 CFR 239.4 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... response to alternative plans. Thus, covered flood control channels may be proposed if they are desired by... RESOURCES POLICIES AND AUTHORITIES: FEDERAL PARTICIPATION IN COVERED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNELS § 239.4 Policy.... Selection of the plan which best serves the public interest is based upon the ability of the plan to meet...

  4. Efficient massively parallel simulation of dynamic channel assignment schemes for wireless cellular communications

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Greenberg, Albert G.; Lubachevsky, Boris D.; Nicol, David M.; Wright, Paul E.

    1994-01-01

    Fast, efficient parallel algorithms are presented for discrete event simulations of dynamic channel assignment schemes for wireless cellular communication networks. The driving events are call arrivals and departures, in continuous time, to cells geographically distributed across the service area. A dynamic channel assignment scheme decides which call arrivals to accept, and which channels to allocate to the accepted calls, attempting to minimize call blocking while ensuring co-channel interference is tolerably low. Specifically, the scheme ensures that the same channel is used concurrently at different cells only if the pairwise distances between those cells are sufficiently large. Much of the complexity of the system comes from ensuring this separation. The network is modeled as a system of interacting continuous time automata, each corresponding to a cell. To simulate the model, conservative methods are used; i.e., methods in which no errors occur in the course of the simulation and so no rollback or relaxation is needed. Implemented on a 16K processor MasPar MP-1, an elegant and simple technique provides speedups of about 15 times over an optimized serial simulation running on a high speed workstation. A drawback of this technique, typical of conservative methods, is that processor utilization is rather low. To overcome this, new methods were developed that exploit slackness in event dependencies over short intervals of time, thereby raising the utilization to above 50 percent and the speedup over the optimized serial code to about 120 times.

  5. An evaluation of agreement between pectoral spines and otoliths for estimating ages of catfishes

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Olive, J.A.; Schramm, Harold; Gerard, Patrick D.; Irwin, E.

    2011-01-01

    Otoliths have been shown to provide more accurate ages than pectoral spine sections for several catfish populations; but sampling otoliths requires euthanizing the specimen, whereas spines can be sampled non-lethally. To evaluate whether, and under what conditions, spines provide the same or similar age estimates as otoliths, we examined data sets of individual fish aged from pectoral spines and otoliths for six blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus populations (n=420), 14 channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus populations (n=997), and 10 flathead catfish Pylodictus olivaris populations (n=947) from lotic and lentic waters throughout the central and eastern U.S. Logistic regression determined that agreement between ages estimated from otoliths and spines was consistently related to age, but inconsistently related to growth rate. When modeled at mean growth rate, we found at least 80% probability of no difference in spine- and otolith-assigned ages up to ages 4 and 5 for blue and channel catfish, respectively. For flathead catfish, an 80% probability of agreement between spine- and otolith-assigned ages did not occur at any age due to high incidence of differences in assigned ages even for age-1 fish. Logistic regression models predicted at least 80% probability that spine and otolith ages differed by ≤1 year up to ages 13, 16, and 9 for blue, channel, and flathead catfish, respectively. Age-bias assessment found mean spine-assigned age differed by less than 1 year from otolith-assigned age up to ages 19, 9, and 17 for blue catfish, channel catfish, and flathead catfish, respectively. These results can be used to help guide decisions about which structure is most appropriate for estimating catfish ages for particular populations and management objectives.

  6. Effects of metomindate hydrochloride and tricaine methanesulfonate on the short term cortisol response in channel catfish

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    The effects of metomidate hydrochloride and tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) on cortisol stress response of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, were examined during 10 minutes of sedation. Channel catfish were assigned to three treatments: 1. Metomidate hydrochloride (12.5 mg/L), 2. MS-222 (100...

  7. Rescinding the Ground Combat Exclusion Policy

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-04-07

    restrict women from assignment to ground combat roles. 2 Clearly, women have been in combat in Iraq and Afghanistan, though both the Defense Department...but were not required to, restrict the assignment of women "where units and positions are doctrinally required to physically collocate and remain...with direct ground combat units that are closed to women .Ŝ This statement was likely a nod to the Army’s 1992 assignment policy, which restricts

  8. 48 CFR 204.7005 - Assignment of order codes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Identification Numbers 204.7005 Assignment of order codes. (a) The Defense Logistics Agency, Acquisition Policy...-1000 Air Force: SAF/AQCI, 1060 Air Force Pentagon, Washington, DC 20330-1060 Defense Logistics Agency: Defense Logistics Agency, Acquisition Policy Branch (J-3311), John J. Kingman Road, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060...

  9. 28 CFR 545.23 - Inmate work/program assignment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Inmate work/program assignment. 545.23... involvement is mandated by Bureau policy or statute (for example, the Literacy Program). Where such participation is not required by either policy or statute, exception may be made to allow an inmate to...

  10. 47 CFR 90.609 - Special limitations on amendment of applications for assignment or transfer of authorizations for...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...) [Reserved] (b) A license to operate a conventional or trunked radio system may not be assigned or... new system or to an existing licensee that has loaded its system to 70 mobiles per channel and is... combined with an existing SMR system above 800 MHz authorized to operate in the trunked mode by assignment...

  11. Does Autonomy over Teacher Hiring Affect Student Math and Science Achievement?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kim, Youngran

    2017-01-01

    This paper examines the causal effects of autonomy over teacher hiring on student math and science achievement using the random student assignment policy implemented in Korea. Under this policy, students were randomly assigned to different schools within their school districts which equalized the compositions of student bodies across schools.…

  12. On Channel-Discontinuity-Constraint Routing in Wireless Networks☆

    PubMed Central

    Sankararaman, Swaminathan; Efrat, Alon; Ramasubramanian, Srinivasan; Agarwal, Pankaj K.

    2011-01-01

    Multi-channel wireless networks are increasingly deployed as infrastructure networks, e.g. in metro areas. Network nodes frequently employ directional antennas to improve spatial throughput. In such networks, between two nodes, it is of interest to compute a path with a channel assignment for the links such that the path and link bandwidths are the same. This is achieved when any two consecutive links are assigned different channels, termed as “Channel-Discontinuity-Constraint” (CDC). CDC-paths are also useful in TDMA systems, where, preferably, consecutive links are assigned different time-slots. In the first part of this paper, we develop a t-spanner for CDC-paths using spatial properties; a sub-network containing O(n/θ) links, for any θ > 0, such that CDC-paths increase in cost by at most a factor t = (1−2 sin (θ/2))−2. We propose a novel distributed algorithm to compute the spanner using an expected number of O(n log n) fixed-size messages. In the second part, we present a distributed algorithm to find minimum-cost CDC-paths between two nodes using O(n2) fixed-size messages, by developing an extension of Edmonds’ algorithm for minimum-cost perfect matching. In a centralized implementation, our algorithm runs in O(n2) time improving the previous best algorithm which requires O(n3) running time. Moreover, this running time improves to O(n/θ) when used in conjunction with the spanner developed. PMID:24443646

  13. Backward- and forward-looking responsibility for obesity: policies from WHO, the EU and England.

    PubMed

    Vallgårda, Signild; Nielsen, Morten Ebbe Juul; Hartlev, Mette; Sandøe, Peter

    2015-10-01

    In assigning responsibility for obesity prevention a distinction may be drawn between who is responsible for the rise in obesity prevalence ('backward-looking responsibility'), and who is responsible for reducing it ('forward-looking responsibility'). We study how the two aspects of responsibility figure in the obesity policies of WHO (European Region), the EU and the Department of Health (England). Responsibility for the emergence and reduction of obesity is assigned to both individuals and other actors to different degrees in the policies, combining an individual and a systemic view. The policies assign backward-looking responsibility to individuals, the social environment, the authorities and businesses. When it comes to forward-looking responsibility, individuals are expected to play a central role in reducing and preventing obesity, but other actors are also urged to act. WHO assigns to individuals the lowest degree of backward- and forward-looking responsibility, and the Department of Health (England) assigns them the highest degree of responsibility. Differences in the assignment of backward- and above all forward-looking responsibility could be explained to some extent by the different roles of the three authorities making the plans. WHO is a UN agency with health as its goal, the EU is a liberal economic union with optimization of the internal European market as an important task, and England, as an independent sovereign country, has its own economic responsibilities. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.

  14. The alcohol policy environment, enforcement and consumption in the United States.

    PubMed

    Erickson, Darin J; Lenk, Kathleen M; Toomey, Traci L; Nelson, Toben F; Jones-Webb, Rhonda

    2016-01-01

    Many studies of alcohol policies examine the presence or absence of a single policy without considering policy strength or enforcement. We developed measures for the strength of 18 policies (from Alcohol Policy Information System) and levels of enforcement of those policies for the 50 US states, and examined their associations with alcohol consumption. We grouped policies into four domains (underage alcohol use, provision of alcohol to underage, alcohol serving, general availability) and used latent class analysis to assign states to one of four classes based on the configuration of policies-weak except serving policies (6 states), average (29 states), strong for underage use (11 states) and strong policies overall (4 states). We surveyed 1082 local enforcement agencies regarding alcohol enforcement across five domains. We used multilevel latent class analysis to assign states to classes in each domain and assigned each state to an overall low (15 states), moderate (19 states) or high (16 states) enforcement group. Consumption outcomes (past month, binge and heavy) came from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Regression models show inverse associations between alcohol consumption and policy class, with past month alcohol consumption at 54% in the weakest policy class and 34% in the strongest. In adjusted models, the strong underage use policy class was consistently associated with lower consumption. Enforcement group did not affect the policy class and consumption associations. Results suggest strong alcohol policies, particularly underage use policies, may help to reduce alcohol consumption and related consequences. [Erickson DJ, Lenk KM, Toomey TL, Nelson TF, Jones-Webb R. The alcohol policy environment, enforcement, and consumption in the United States. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015;●●:●●-●●]. © 2015 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.

  15. 47 CFR 22.719 - Additional channel policy for rural radiotelephone stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... radiotelephone stations. 22.719 Section 22.719 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED... policy for rural radiotelephone stations. The rules in this section govern the processing of applications for central office stations that request a rural radiotelephone channel pair when the applicant has...

  16. An improved approximate network blocking probability model for all-optical WDM Networks with heterogeneous link capacities

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Khan, Akhtar Nawaz

    2017-11-01

    Currently, analytical models are used to compute approximate blocking probabilities in opaque and all-optical WDM networks with the homogeneous link capacities. Existing analytical models can also be extended to opaque WDM networking with heterogeneous link capacities due to the wavelength conversion at each switch node. However, existing analytical models cannot be utilized for all-optical WDM networking with heterogeneous structure of link capacities due to the wavelength continuity constraint and unequal numbers of wavelength channels on different links. In this work, a mathematical model is extended for computing approximate network blocking probabilities in heterogeneous all-optical WDM networks in which the path blocking is dominated by the link along the path with fewer number of wavelength channels. A wavelength assignment scheme is also proposed for dynamic traffic, termed as last-fit-first wavelength assignment, in which a wavelength channel with maximum index is assigned first to a lightpath request. Due to heterogeneous structure of link capacities and the wavelength continuity constraint, the wavelength channels with maximum indexes are utilized for minimum hop routes. Similarly, the wavelength channels with minimum indexes are utilized for multi-hop routes between source and destination pairs. The proposed scheme has lower blocking probability values compared to the existing heuristic for wavelength assignments. Finally, numerical results are computed in different network scenarios which are approximately equal to values obtained from simulations. Since January 2016, he is serving as Head of Department and an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at UET, Peshawar-Jalozai Campus, Pakistan. From May 2013 to June 2015, he served Department of Telecommunication Engineering as an Assistant Professor at UET, Peshawar-Mardan Campus, Pakistan. He also worked as an International Internship scholar in the Fukuda Laboratory, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan on the topic large-scale simulation for internet topology analysis. His research interests include design and analysis of optical WDM networks, network algorithms, network routing, and network resource optimization problems.

  17. Optimal design of mixed-media packet-switching networks - Routing and capacity assignment

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Huynh, D.; Kuo, F. F.; Kobayashi, H.

    1977-01-01

    This paper considers a mixed-media packet-switched computer communication network which consists of a low-delay terrestrial store-and-forward subnet combined with a low-cost high-bandwidth satellite subnet. We show how to route traffic via ground and/or satellite links by means of static, deterministic procedures and assign capacities to channels subject to a given linear cost such that the network average delay is minimized. Two operational schemes for this network model are investigated: one is a scheme in which the satellite channel is used as a slotted ALOHA channel; the other is a new multiaccess scheme we propose in which whenever a channel collision occurs, retransmission of the involved packets will route through ground links to their destinations. The performance of both schemes is evaluated and compared in terms of cost and average packet delay tradeoffs for some examples. The results offer guidelines for the design and optimal utilization of mixed-media networks.

  18. Detailed test objectives for the extended long tank delta launch vehicle, spacecraft: AE-C

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1973-01-01

    The test objectives for the extended long tank Delta Launch Vehicle are presented. The subjects discussed are: (1) mission and vehicle objectives, (2) nominal flight plan, (3) trajectory analysis, (4) weight summary and inflight mass properties, and (5) instrumentation channel assignments and ground monitoring assignments.

  19. 76 FR 66072 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Announcement of Office of Management and Budget...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-25

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2011-N-0084...; Channels of Trade Policy for Commodities With Residues of Pesticide Chemicals AGENCY: Food and Drug... collection of information entitled ``Channels of Trade Policy for Commodities With Residues of Pesticide...

  20. 47 CFR 95.1211 - Channel use policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... SERVICES Medical Device Radiocommunication Service (MedRadio) § 95.1211 Channel use policy. (a) The... caused to stations operating in the 400.150-406.000 MHz band in the Meteorological Aids, Meteorological... stations operating in the 400.150-406.000 MHz band in the Meteorological Aids, Meterological Satellite, or...

  1. 47 CFR 90.259 - Assignment and use of frequencies in the bands 216-220 MHz and 1427-1432 MHz.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... assignments will be made after January 1, 2002. (4) In the 217-220 MHz band, the maximum transmitter output... operations will not be authorized. The area of normal day-to-day operations will be described in the... will be assigned with a 6.25 kHz, 12.5 kHz, 25 kHz or 50 kHz channel bandwidth. Frequencies may be...

  2. PLANNING FOR INSTRUCTIONAL TELEVISION.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    WIENS, JACOB H.

    EXPERIENCES OF THREE JUNIOR COLLEGES WERE THE BASIS FOR THIS SUMMARY OF (1) PROCEDURES FOR ACQUIRING A TELEVISION CHANNEL, (2) METHODS OF SETTING UP AND FINANCING A STATION, AND (3) PROGRAMS SUITABLE FOR A DISTRICT OWNED STATION. THE COMPLEXITIES OF ACQUIRING A CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT ARE DESCRIBED IN DETAIL, INCLUDING THE FUNCTIONS OF LAWYERS AND…

  3. 47 CFR 90.633 - Conventional systems loading requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... of mobile stations justifies the total number of authorized based frequencies in a given area, the.... If this cannot be determined, it will be counted fractionally over the number of base station... (70) mobile stations for each channel authorized. (b) A channel will not be assigned to additional...

  4. 47 CFR 201.3 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY AND NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL EXECUTIVE POLICY § 201.3 Policy. (a..., postattack resources will be assigned to activities concerned with the maintenance and saving of lives... and recovery. (g) The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy will serve as the...

  5. 47 CFR 215.2 - Assignment of responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Assignment of responsibilities. 215.2 Section 215.2 Telecommunication OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY AND NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FOCAL POINT FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE (EMP) INFORMATION § 215.2 Assignment of responsibilities...

  6. 47 CFR 215.2 - Assignment of responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Assignment of responsibilities. 215.2 Section 215.2 Telecommunication OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY AND NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FOCAL POINT FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE (EMP) INFORMATION § 215.2 Assignment of responsibilities...

  7. 47 CFR 215.2 - Assignment of responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Assignment of responsibilities. 215.2 Section 215.2 Telecommunication OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY AND NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FOCAL POINT FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE (EMP) INFORMATION § 215.2 Assignment of responsibilities...

  8. 47 CFR 215.2 - Assignment of responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Assignment of responsibilities. 215.2 Section 215.2 Telecommunication OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY AND NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FOCAL POINT FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE (EMP) INFORMATION § 215.2 Assignment of responsibilities...

  9. 47 CFR 215.2 - Assignment of responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Assignment of responsibilities. 215.2 Section 215.2 Telecommunication OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY AND NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FOCAL POINT FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE (EMP) INFORMATION § 215.2 Assignment of responsibilities...

  10. Method for Evaluation of Outage Probability on Random Access Channel in Mobile Communication Systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kollár, Martin

    2012-05-01

    In order to access the cell in all mobile communication technologies a so called random-access procedure is used. For example in GSM this is represented by sending the CHANNEL REQUEST message from Mobile Station (MS) to Base Transceiver Station (BTS) which is consequently forwarded as an CHANNEL REQUIRED message to the Base Station Controller (BSC). If the BTS decodes some noise on the Random Access Channel (RACH) as random access by mistake (so- called ‘phantom RACH') then it is a question of pure coincidence which èstablishment cause’ the BTS thinks to have recognized. A typical invalid channel access request or phantom RACH is characterized by an IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT procedure (assignment of an SDCCH or TCH) which is not followed by sending an ESTABLISH INDICATION from MS to BTS. In this paper a mathematical model for evaluation of the Power RACH Busy Threshold (RACHBT) in order to guaranty in advance determined outage probability on RACH is described and discussed as well. It focuses on Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) however the obtained results can be generalized on remaining mobile technologies (ie WCDMA and LTE).

  11. U.S. - Panama Relations in the 1990’s: Developing a Post-Noriega Strategy

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-03-08

    Latin America Daily Report, 22 December 1989, p. 28. 22. "Foreign Minister Linares Outlines Foreign Policy," Panama City Circuito RPC Television (Channel...Daily Report 2 May 1989: 20. "Endara Says U.S. Forces To Leave in 1 Month." Panama City Circuito RPC TV (Channel 4) 23 December 1989, reported in FBIS...America Dai Report 12 January 1990: 29. "Foreign Minister Linares Outlines Foreign Policy." Panama City Circuito RPC Television (Channel 4) 25 December

  12. The Impact of Taiwan's University Multiple-Channel Entrance Policy on Student Learning Outcomes

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hsiao-Fang, Lin

    2012-01-01

    This research explores the impact of Taiwan's university multiple-channel entrance policy on student learning outcomes, using quantitative research to look for differences in the learning experiences of third-year students who were admitted via different methods (examination and placement, application for admission, recommendation and selection,…

  13. The EEOC charge priority policy and claimants with psychiatric disabilities.

    PubMed

    Ullman, M D; Johnsen, M C; Moss, K; Burris, S

    2001-05-01

    In June 1995 the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) instituted a new charge priority policy. Under the new policy, charges are classified as one of three priority levels during or immediately after intake. Only charges assigned a high priority receive a full investigation. This paper examines the effect of the charge priority policy on individuals with psychiatric disabilities who filed Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) charges with the EEOC. Using data extracted from the EEOC's charge data system, the authors analyzed all 66,298 ADA claims prioritized and closed between June 1995 and March 1998. The z test for difference in proportions and the generalized estimating equations procedure were used. The primary outcome measure was the priority assignment received by ADA claimants. Charges that received a high priority assignment were more likely to result in benefits for claimants. Charges filed by claimants with psychiatric disabilities were significantly less likely to be assigned a high priority than charges filed by other claimants. Claimants with psychiatric disabilities were also significantly less likely to benefit from their claims. The strong relationship between being assigned high priority and receiving benefits as a result of filing a charge demonstrates the importance of accurate priority categorization. The finding that people with psychiatric disabilities are less likely than others to benefit from their claims is cause for concern, particularly given the fact that the accuracy of the charge prioritization system has not been validated.

  14. Determination of the median lethal dose of botulinum serotype E in channel catfish fingerlings

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    The median lethal dose of botulinum serotype E in 5.3-g channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fingerlings was determined. Five tanks (five fish/tank) were assigned to each of the following treatment groups: 70, 50, 35, 25, or 15 pg of purified botulinum serotype E. Fish were injected intracoelomically...

  15. 47 CFR 22.1007 - Channels for offshore radiotelephone systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 491.550 488.700 491.700 (3) These channels may be assigned for use by relay stations in systems where it would be impractical to provide offshore radiotelephone service without the use of relay stations... protection of life and property. Central Subscriber Central Subscriber 488.825 491.825 488.875 491.875 488...

  16. 47 CFR 22.1007 - Channels for offshore radiotelephone systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 491.550 488.700 491.700 (3) These channels may be assigned for use by relay stations in systems where it would be impractical to provide offshore radiotelephone service without the use of relay stations... protection of life and property. Central Subscriber Central Subscriber 488.825 491.825 488.875 491.875 488...

  17. 47 CFR 1.9055 - Assignment of file numbers to spectrum leasing notifications and applications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Assignment of file numbers to spectrum leasing... GENERAL PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE Grants by Random Selection Spectrum Leasing General Policies and Procedures § 1.9055 Assignment of file numbers to spectrum leasing notifications and applications. Spectrum...

  18. 47 CFR 1.9055 - Assignment of file numbers to spectrum leasing notifications and applications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Assignment of file numbers to spectrum leasing... GENERAL PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE Grants by Random Selection Spectrum Leasing General Policies and Procedures § 1.9055 Assignment of file numbers to spectrum leasing notifications and applications. Spectrum...

  19. 47 CFR 1.9055 - Assignment of file numbers to spectrum leasing notifications and applications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Assignment of file numbers to spectrum leasing... GENERAL PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE Spectrum Leasing General Policies and Procedures § 1.9055 Assignment of file numbers to spectrum leasing notifications and applications. Spectrum leasing notifications or...

  20. 47 CFR 1.9055 - Assignment of file numbers to spectrum leasing notifications and applications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Assignment of file numbers to spectrum leasing... GENERAL PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE Grants by Random Selection Spectrum Leasing General Policies and Procedures § 1.9055 Assignment of file numbers to spectrum leasing notifications and applications. Spectrum...

  1. 47 CFR 1.9055 - Assignment of file numbers to spectrum leasing notifications and applications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Assignment of file numbers to spectrum leasing... GENERAL PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE Spectrum Leasing General Policies and Procedures § 1.9055 Assignment of file numbers to spectrum leasing notifications and applications. Spectrum leasing notifications or...

  2. Comparison of neural network applications for channel assignment in cellular TDMA networks and dynamically sectored PCS networks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hortos, William S.

    1997-04-01

    The use of artificial neural networks (NNs) to address the channel assignment problem (CAP) for cellular time-division multiple access and code-division multiple access networks has previously been investigated by this author and many others. The investigations to date have been based on a hexagonal cell structure established by omnidirectional antennas at the base stations. No account was taken of the use of spatial isolation enabled by directional antennas to reduce interference between mobiles. Any reduction in interference translates into increased capacity and consequently alters the performance of the NNs. Previous studies have sought to improve the performance of Hopfield- Tank network algorithms and self-organizing feature map algorithms applied primarily to static channel assignment (SCA) for cellular networks that handle uniformly distributed, stationary traffic in each cell for a single type of service. The resulting algorithms minimize energy functions representing interference constraint and ad hoc conditions that promote convergence to optimal solutions. While the structures of the derived neural network algorithms (NNAs) offer the potential advantages of inherent parallelism and adaptability to changing system conditions, this potential has yet to be fulfilled the CAP for emerging mobile networks. The next-generation communication infrastructures must accommodate dynamic operating conditions. Macrocell topologies are being refined to microcells and picocells that can be dynamically sectored by adaptively controlled, directional antennas and programmable transceivers. These networks must support the time-varying demands for personal communication services (PCS) that simultaneously carry voice, data and video and, thus, require new dynamic channel assignment (DCA) algorithms. This paper examines the impact of dynamic cell sectoring and geometric conditioning on NNAs developed for SCA in omnicell networks with stationary traffic to improve the metrics of convergence rate and call blocking. Genetic algorithms (GAs) are also considered in PCS networks as a means to overcome the known weakness of Hopfield NNAs in determining global minima. The resulting GAs for DCA in PCS networks are compared to improved DCA algorithms based on Hopfield NNs for stationary cellular networks. Algorithm performance is compared on the basis of rate of convergence, blocking probability, analytic complexity, and parametric sensitivity to transient traffic demands and channel interference.

  3. Consistent assignment of nursing staff to residents in nursing homes: a critical review of conceptual and methodological issues.

    PubMed

    Roberts, Tonya; Nolet, Kimberly; Bowers, Barbara

    2015-06-01

    Consistent assignment of nursing staff to residents is promoted by a number of national organizations as a strategy for improving nursing home quality and is included in pay for performance schedules in several states. However, research has shown inconsistent effects of consistent assignment on quality outcomes. In order to advance the state of the science of research on consistent assignment and inform current practice and policy, a literature review was conducted to critique conceptual and methodological understandings of consistent assignment. Twenty original research reports of consistent assignment in nursing homes were found through a variety of search strategies. Consistent assignment was conceptualized and operationalized in multiple ways with little overlap from study to study. There was a lack of established methods to measure consistent assignment. Methodological limitations included a lack of control and statistical analyses of group differences in experimental-level studies, small sample sizes, lack of attention to confounds in multicomponent interventions, and outcomes that were not theoretically linked. Future research should focus on developing a conceptual understanding of consistent assignment focused on definition, measurement, and links to outcomes. To inform current policies, testing consistent assignment should include attention to contexts within and levels at which it is most effective. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Gerontological Society of America 2013.

  4. Race-Conscious Policies for Assigning Students to Schools: Social Science Research and the Supreme Court Cases. Committee on Social Science Research Evidence on Racial Diversity in Schools

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Linn, Robert L. Ed.; Welner, Kevin G., Ed.

    2007-01-01

    This report summarizes and analyzes the existing body of research related to race-conscious student assignment policies, building upon the amicus curiae (friend of the court) briefs filed with the Supreme Court in support of petitioners and respondents in these two cases. The National Academy of Education (NAEd) Board of Directors recognized the…

  5. The Roles of Women in the Army and Their Impact on Military Operations and Organizations

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1975-05-23

    the Equal Rights Amendment; deployability; and peculiar requirements unique to women such as pregnancy , abortion, child care, and assignment of... pregnancy , abortion, child care, and I assignment of military couples. Policies as expressed by the Secretary of Defense, Secretary of the Army, Chief...the Army 12 Attrition Rate 14 Pregnancy Policy 14 ROTC 14 WAC Monitoring Office 15 Training 16 Staff Interviews 18 Variety of Views

  6. Assessing Segregation under a New Generation of Controlled Choice Policies

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Frankenberg, Erica

    2017-01-01

    Student assignment policies (SAPs) in K-12 schools can either reproduce or help ameliorate existing inequality. Some districts are trying to maintain voluntarily adopted integration policies despite the Supreme Court's recent 2007 decision in "Parents Involved," which prohibited most race-conscious school choice policies that were…

  7. Channel and Timeslot Co-Scheduling with Minimal Channel Switching for Data Aggregation in MWSNs

    PubMed Central

    Yeoum, Sanggil; Kang, Byungseok; Lee, Jinkyu; Choo, Hyunseung

    2017-01-01

    Collision-free transmission and efficient data transfer between nodes can be achieved through a set of channels in multichannel wireless sensor networks (MWSNs). While using multiple channels, we have to carefully consider channel interference, channel and time slot (resources) optimization, channel switching delay, and energy consumption. Since sensor nodes operate on low battery power, the energy consumed in channel switching becomes an important challenge. In this paper, we propose channel and time slot scheduling for minimal channel switching in MWSNs, while achieving efficient and collision-free transmission between nodes. The proposed scheme constructs a duty-cycled tree while reducing the amount of channel switching. As a next step, collision-free time slots are assigned to every node based on the minimal data collection delay. The experimental results demonstrate that the validity of our scheme reduces the amount of channel switching by 17.5%, reduces energy consumption for channel switching by 28%, and reduces the schedule length by 46%, as compared to the existing schemes. PMID:28471416

  8. Channel and Timeslot Co-Scheduling with Minimal Channel Switching for Data Aggregation in MWSNs.

    PubMed

    Yeoum, Sanggil; Kang, Byungseok; Lee, Jinkyu; Choo, Hyunseung

    2017-05-04

    Collision-free transmission and efficient data transfer between nodes can be achieved through a set of channels in multichannel wireless sensor networks (MWSNs). While using multiple channels, we have to carefully consider channel interference, channel and time slot (resources) optimization, channel switching delay, and energy consumption. Since sensor nodes operate on low battery power, the energy consumed in channel switching becomes an important challenge. In this paper, we propose channel and time slot scheduling for minimal channel switching in MWSNs, while achieving efficient and collision-free transmission between nodes. The proposed scheme constructs a duty-cycled tree while reducing the amount of channel switching. As a next step, collision-free time slots are assigned to every node based on the minimal data collection delay. The experimental results demonstrate that the validity of our scheme reduces the amount of channel switching by 17.5%, reduces energy consumption for channel switching by 28%, and reduces the schedule length by 46%, as compared to the existing schemes.

  9. Optimum Adaptive Modulation and Channel Coding Scheme for Frequency Domain Channel-Dependent Scheduling in OFDM Based Evolved UTRA Downlink

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Miki, Nobuhiko; Kishiyama, Yoshihisa; Higuchi, Kenichi; Sawahashi, Mamoru; Nakagawa, Masao

    In the Evolved UTRA (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access) downlink, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based radio access was adopted because of its inherent immunity to multipath interference and flexible accommodation of different spectrum arrangements. This paper presents the optimum adaptive modulation and channel coding (AMC) scheme when resource blocks (RBs) is simultaneously assigned to the same user when frequency and time domain channel-dependent scheduling is assumed in the downlink OFDMA radio access with single-antenna transmission. We start by presenting selection methods for the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) employing mutual information both for RB-common and RB-dependent modulation schemes. Simulation results show that, irrespective of the application of power adaptation to RB-dependent modulation, the improvement in the achievable throughput of the RB-dependent modulation scheme compared to that for the RB-common modulation scheme is slight, i.e., 4 to 5%. In addition, the number of required control signaling bits in the RB-dependent modulation scheme becomes greater than that for the RB-common modulation scheme. Therefore, we conclude that the RB-common modulation and channel coding rate scheme is preferred, when multiple RBs of the same coded stream are assigned to one user in the case of single-antenna transmission.

  10. Experimental evaluation of the effect of winter feeding on channel catfish growout pond plankton

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Ten, 0.25 acre ponds at the UAPB Aquaculture Station were sampled weekly from Dec. 7-Feb. 22 (n=90) for phytoplankton and zooplankton. Five of the ponds were randomly assigned to each of two treatments: no feeding and feeding based on recommended rates. Channel catfish sizes and numbers approximated...

  11. Multi-channel multi-radio using 802.11 based media access for sink nodes in wireless sensor networks.

    PubMed

    Campbell, Carlene E-A; Khan, Shafiullah; Singh, Dhananjay; Loo, Kok-Keong

    2011-01-01

    The next generation surveillance and multimedia systems will become increasingly deployed as wireless sensor networks in order to monitor parks, public places and for business usage. The convergence of data and telecommunication over IP-based networks has paved the way for wireless networks. Functions are becoming more intertwined by the compelling force of innovation and technology. For example, many closed-circuit TV premises surveillance systems now rely on transmitting their images and data over IP networks instead of standalone video circuits. These systems will increase their reliability in the future on wireless networks and on IEEE 802.11 networks. However, due to limited non-overlapping channels, delay, and congestion there will be problems at sink nodes. In this paper we provide necessary conditions to verify the feasibility of round robin technique in these networks at the sink nodes by using a technique to regulate multi-radio multichannel assignment. We demonstrate through simulations that dynamic channel assignment scheme using multi-radio, and multichannel configuration at a single sink node can perform close to optimal on the average while multiple sink node assignment also performs well. The methods proposed in this paper can be a valuable tool for network designers in planning network deployment and for optimizing different performance objectives.

  12. Multi-Channel Multi-Radio Using 802.11 Based Media Access for Sink Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks

    PubMed Central

    Campbell, Carlene E.-A.; Khan, Shafiullah; Singh, Dhananjay; Loo, Kok-Keong

    2011-01-01

    The next generation surveillance and multimedia systems will become increasingly deployed as wireless sensor networks in order to monitor parks, public places and for business usage. The convergence of data and telecommunication over IP-based networks has paved the way for wireless networks. Functions are becoming more intertwined by the compelling force of innovation and technology. For example, many closed-circuit TV premises surveillance systems now rely on transmitting their images and data over IP networks instead of standalone video circuits. These systems will increase their reliability in the future on wireless networks and on IEEE 802.11 networks. However, due to limited non-overlapping channels, delay, and congestion there will be problems at sink nodes. In this paper we provide necessary conditions to verify the feasibility of round robin technique in these networks at the sink nodes by using a technique to regulate multi-radio multichannel assignment. We demonstrate through simulations that dynamic channel assignment scheme using multi-radio, and multichannel configuration at a single sink node can perform close to optimal on the average while multiple sink node assignment also performs well. The methods proposed in this paper can be a valuable tool for network designers in planning network deployment and for optimizing different performance objectives. PMID:22163883

  13. 33 CFR 239.4 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Policy. 239.4 Section 239.4... RESOURCES POLICIES AND AUTHORITIES: FEDERAL PARTICIPATION IN COVERED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNELS § 239.4 Policy. Projects will be formulated and evaluated in accordance with the policies and procedures described in ER...

  14. 41 CFR 102-85.75 - When can space assignments be terminated?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION REAL PROPERTY 85-PRICING POLICY FOR OCCUPANCY IN GSA SPACE Occupancy Agreement § 102-85.75 When can space assignments be...

  15. Site-3 sea anemone toxins: molecular probes of gating mechanisms in voltage-dependent sodium channels.

    PubMed

    Smith, Jaime J; Blumenthal, Kenneth M

    2007-02-01

    Sea anemone toxins, whose biological function is the capture of marine prey, are invaluable tools for studying the structure and function of mammalian voltage-gated sodium channels. Their high degree of specificity and selectivity have allowed for detailed analysis of inactivation gating and assignment of molecular entities responsible for this process. Because of their ability to discriminate among channel isoforms, and their high degree of structural conservation, these toxins could serve as important lead compounds for future pharmaceutical design.

  16. Smart Class-Size Policies for Lean Times. SREB Policy Brief

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gagne, Jeff

    2012-01-01

    Most states nationwide have had policies for several decades that limit the number of students assigned to public K-12 classrooms. Southern Regional Education Board (SREB) states, led by Tennessee and Texas, spearheaded this effort in the 1980s, and SREB's own "Legislative Briefings" have marked the growth of class-size policies across…

  17. The Structure of Federal Policy: Deciphering the United States Code

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Staller, Karen M.

    2004-01-01

    CSWE mandates the study of social welfare policy, its history, and its evaluation; thus, assignments that require students to select policy for study are common. Educators provide frameworks for analysis but may not address the prerequisite step of locating policy for study, so students flounder in government documents without the tools to…

  18. An integrated voice and data multiple-access scheme for a land-mobile satellite system

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Li, V. O. K.; Yan, T.-Y.

    1984-01-01

    An analytical study is performed of the satellite requirements for a land mobile satellite system (LMSS). The spacecraft (MSAT-X) would be in GEO and would be compatible with multiple access by mobile radios and antennas and fixed stations. The FCC has received a petition from NASA to reserve the 821-825 and 866-870 MHz frequencies for the LMSS, while communications with fixed earth stations would be in the Ku band. MSAT-X transponders would alter the frequencies of signal and do no processing in the original configuration considered. Channel use would be governed by an integrated demand-assigned, multiple access protocol, which would divide channels into reservation and information channels, governed by a network management center. Further analyses will cover tradeoffs between data and voice users, probability of blocking, and the performance impacts of on-board switching and variable bandwidth assignment. Initial calculations indicate that a large traffic volume can be handled with acceptable delays and voice blocking probabilities.

  19. An integrated voice and data multiple-access scheme for a land-mobile satellite system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, V. O. K.; Yan, T.-Y.

    1984-11-01

    An analytical study is performed of the satellite requirements for a land mobile satellite system (LMSS). The spacecraft (MSAT-X) would be in GEO and would be compatible with multiple access by mobile radios and antennas and fixed stations. The FCC has received a petition from NASA to reserve the 821-825 and 866-870 MHz frequencies for the LMSS, while communications with fixed earth stations would be in the Ku band. MSAT-X transponders would alter the frequencies of signal and do no processing in the original configuration considered. Channel use would be governed by an integrated demand-assigned, multiple access protocol, which would divide channels into reservation and information channels, governed by a network management center. Further analyses will cover tradeoffs between data and voice users, probability of blocking, and the performance impacts of on-board switching and variable bandwidth assignment. Initial calculations indicate that a large traffic volume can be handled with acceptable delays and voice blocking probabilities.

  20. On Modeling and Analysis of MIMO Wireless Mesh Networks with Triangular Overlay Topology

    DOE PAGES

    Cao, Zhanmao; Wu, Chase Q.; Zhang, Yuanping; ...

    2015-01-01

    Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) wireless mesh networks (WMNs) aim to provide the last-mile broadband wireless access to the Internet. Along with the algorithmic development for WMNs, some fundamental mathematical problems also emerge in various aspects such as routing, scheduling, and channel assignment, all of which require an effective mathematical model and rigorous analysis of network properties. In this paper, we propose to employ Cartesian product of graphs (CPG) as a multichannel modeling approach and explore a set of unique properties of triangular WMNs. In each layer of CPG with a single channel, we design a node coordinate scheme thatmore » retains the symmetric property of triangular meshes and develop a function for the assignment of node identity numbers based on their coordinates. We also derive a necessary-sufficient condition for interference-free links and combinatorial formulas to determine the number of the shortest paths for channel realization in triangular WMNs.« less

  1. Planning of the 12 GHz broadcasting satellite service in Region 2

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bowen, R. R.; Chambers, J. G.

    The 12 GHz band broadcasting satellite plan formulated for Region 2 (the Americas) at the 1983 Regional Administrative Radio Conference met all requirements with a total of 1144 assigned channels. In order to achieve this high capacity (16 channels/service area), it was necessary to place some assignments at orbit locations with relatively low elevation angles and early eclipse times. This high capacity does not prevent the plan from adapting to changing technological features of broadcasting in this band as it evolves over the years, and is estimated to be more than 2.5 times larger than the capacity which would be available without taking advantage of the geographical characteristics of the region, as well as of isolation by means of spacecraft antennas.

  2. Integrating Graphing Assignments into a Money and Banking Course Using FRED

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Staveley-O'Carroll, James

    2018-01-01

    Over the course of one semester, six empirical assignments that utilize FRED are used to introduce students of money and banking courses to the economic analysis required for the conduct of monetary policy. The first five assignments cover the following topics: inflation, bonds and stocks, monetary aggregates, the Taylor rule, and employment.…

  3. A Multi-Variate Analysis of Teacher-Student Interpretations of Non-Verbal Cues: The Measurement of Visuo-Gestural Channel Expression.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Teresa, Joseph G.; Francis, John B.

    This study sought to ascertain how teachers and students interpret non-verbal cues in the form of visuo-gestural channel expressions by having them assign affective meaning to such expressions depicted photographically. Subjects were 377 students and 19 teachers from two elementary schools: one, urban and characterized as low socioeconomic status;…

  4. TSCA Inventory Policy and Guidance

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    A list of numerous policy statements and guidance documents on how to identify certain chemical substances for the purpose of assigning unique and unambiguous descriptions tor each substance listed on the Inventory.

  5. NEPA assignment training PowerPoints and quizzes.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2016-10-01

    The objective of these training materials is to provide National Environmental : Policy Act (NEPA) Assignment information to all professionals involved in the NEPA : process. This training is not intended to be a replication of existing NEPA training...

  6. 76 FR 26232 - EPAAR Prescription for Work Assignments

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-06

    ...: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) amends the EPA Acquisition Regulation (EPAAR) to update policy, procedures, and contract clauses. The proposed rule provides revised language to the prescription for the work assignment clause, incorporating prescriptive language that provides further instructions...

  7. 41 CFR 301-70.501 - Does per diem continue when an employee interrupts a travel assignment because of an...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... when an employee interrupts a travel assignment because of an incapacitating illness or injury? 301-70... Policies and Procedures for Emergency Travel of Employee Due to Illness or Injury § 301-70.501 Does per diem continue when an employee interrupts a travel assignment because of an incapacitating illness or...

  8. 41 CFR 301-70.501 - Does per diem continue when an employee interrupts a travel assignment because of an...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... when an employee interrupts a travel assignment because of an incapacitating illness or injury? 301-70... Policies and Procedures for Emergency Travel of Employee Due to Illness or Injury § 301-70.501 Does per diem continue when an employee interrupts a travel assignment because of an incapacitating illness or...

  9. 41 CFR 301-70.501 - Does per diem continue when an employee interrupts a travel assignment because of an...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... when an employee interrupts a travel assignment because of an incapacitating illness or injury? 301-70... Policies and Procedures for Emergency Travel of Employee Due to Illness or Injury § 301-70.501 Does per diem continue when an employee interrupts a travel assignment because of an incapacitating illness or...

  10. 41 CFR 301-70.501 - Does per diem continue when an employee interrupts a travel assignment because of an...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... when an employee interrupts a travel assignment because of an incapacitating illness or injury? 301-70... Policies and Procedures for Emergency Travel of Employee Due to Illness or Injury § 301-70.501 Does per diem continue when an employee interrupts a travel assignment because of an incapacitating illness or...

  11. 41 CFR 301-70.501 - Does per diem continue when an employee interrupts a travel assignment because of an...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... when an employee interrupts a travel assignment because of an incapacitating illness or injury? 301-70... Policies and Procedures for Emergency Travel of Employee Due to Illness or Injury § 301-70.501 Does per diem continue when an employee interrupts a travel assignment because of an incapacitating illness or...

  12. Department of Transportation - Civil Emergency Preparedness Policies and Program(s)

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1984-03-15

    This Order establishes policies, programs, and procedures; and identifies : and assigns specific emergency preparedness responsibilities to Departmental elements for the planning, management, and coordination of the Department of Transportation civil...

  13. Routine Principal Transfers Invigorate School Management.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Aquila, Frank D.

    1989-01-01

    A systematic rotation of principals can spark a willingness to tackle new challenges. Recommends the following strategies: (1) adopt a systematic rotation policy; (2) avoid random school assignments; (3) be prepared for a strong reaction from administrative staff; and (4) review personnel policies that might conflict with a rotation policy. (MLF)

  14. Mapping the function of neuronal ion channels in model and experiment

    PubMed Central

    Podlaski, William F; Seeholzer, Alexander; Groschner, Lukas N; Miesenböck, Gero; Ranjan, Rajnish; Vogels, Tim P

    2017-01-01

    Ion channel models are the building blocks of computational neuron models. Their biological fidelity is therefore crucial for the interpretation of simulations. However, the number of published models, and the lack of standardization, make the comparison of ion channel models with one another and with experimental data difficult. Here, we present a framework for the automated large-scale classification of ion channel models. Using annotated metadata and responses to a set of voltage-clamp protocols, we assigned 2378 models of voltage- and calcium-gated ion channels coded in NEURON to 211 clusters. The IonChannelGenealogy (ICGenealogy) web interface provides an interactive resource for the categorization of new and existing models and experimental recordings. It enables quantitative comparisons of simulated and/or measured ion channel kinetics, and facilitates field-wide standardization of experimentally-constrained modeling. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22152.001 PMID:28267430

  15. GOES Cloud Detection at the Global Hydrology and Climate Center

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Laws, Kevin; Jedlovec, Gary J.; Arnold, James E. (Technical Monitor)

    2002-01-01

    The bi-spectral threshold (BTH) for cloud detection and height assignment is now operational at NASA's Global Hydrology and Climate Center (GHCC). This new approach is similar in principle to the bi-spectral spatial coherence (BSC) method with improvements made to produce a more robust cloud-filtering algorithm for nighttime cloud detection and subsequent 24-hour operational cloud top pressure assignment. The method capitalizes on cloud and surface emissivity differences from the GOES 3.9 and 10.7-micrometer channels to distinguish cloudy from clear pixels. Separate threshold values are determined for day and nighttime detection, and applied to a 20-day minimum composite difference image to better filter background effects and enhance differences in cloud properties. A cloud top pressure is assigned to each cloudy pixel by referencing the 10.7-micrometer channel temperature to a thermodynamic profile from a locally -run regional forecast model. This paper and supplemental poster will present an objective validation of nighttime cloud detection by the BTH approach in comparison with previous methods. The cloud top pressure will be evaluated by comparing to the NESDIS operational CO2 slicing approach.

  16. Making Medicare Advantage a Middle-Class Program

    PubMed Central

    Glazer, Jacob; McGuire, Thomas

    2013-01-01

    This paper studies the role of Medicare's premium policy in sorting beneficiaries between traditional Medicare (TM) and managed care plans in the Medicare Advantage (MA) program. Beneficiaries vary in their demand for care. TM fully accommodates demand but creates a moral hazard inefficiency. MA rations care but disregards some elements of the demand. We describe an efficient assignment of beneficiaries to these two options, and argue that efficiency requires an MA program oriented to serve the large middle part of the distribution of demand: the “middle class.” Current Medicare policy of a “single premium” for MA plans cannot achieve efficient sorting. We characterize the demand-based premium policy that can implement the efficient assignment of enrollees to plans. If only a single premium is feasible, the second-best policy involves too many of the low-demand individuals in MA and a too low level of services relative to the first best. We identify approaches to using premium policy to revitalize MA and improve the efficiency of Medicare. PMID:23454916

  17. Making Medicare advantage a middle-class program.

    PubMed

    Glazer, Jacob; McGuire, Thomas G

    2013-03-01

    This paper studies the role of Medicare's premium policy in sorting beneficiaries between traditional Medicare (TM) and managed care plans in the Medicare advantage (MA) program. Beneficiaries vary in their demand for care. TM fully accommodates demand but creates a moral hazard inefficiency. MA rations care but disregards some elements of the demand. We describe an efficient assignment of beneficiaries to these two options, and argue that efficiency requires an MA program oriented to serve the large middle part of the distribution of demand: the "middle class." Current Medicare policy of a "single premium" for MA plans cannot achieve efficient sorting. We characterize the demand-based premium policy that can implement the efficient assignment of enrollees to plans. If only a single premium is feasible, the second-best policy involves too many of the low-demand individuals in MA and a too low level of services relative to the first best. We identify approaches to using premium policy to revitalize MA and improve the efficiency of Medicare. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. Evaluating the Mechanism of Oil Price Shocks and Fiscal Policy Responses in the Malaysian Economy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bekhet, Hussain A.; Yusoff, Nora Yusma Mohamed

    2013-06-01

    The paper aims to explore the symmetric impact of oil price shock on economy, to understand its mechanism channel and how fiscal policy response towards it. The Generalized Impulse Response Function and Variance Decomposition under the VAR methodology were employed. The empirical findings suggest that symmetric oil price shock has a positive and direct impact on oil revenue and government expenditure. However, the real GDP is vulnerable in a short-term but not in the long term period. These results would confirm that fiscal policy is the main mechanism channel that mitigates the adverse effects oil price shocks to the economy.

  19. 41 CFR 102-85.10 - What is the scope of this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION REAL PROPERTY 85-PRICING POLICY FOR OCCUPANCY IN GSA SPACE Pricing Policy-General § 102-85.10 What is the scope of this part? (a) This part describes GSA policy and principles for the assignment and occupancy of space under its control and the...

  20. 76 FR 60357 - Federal Regulations; OMB Circulars, OFPP Policy Letters, and CASB Cost Accounting Standards...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-29

    ... derived from 41 U.S.C. 1501. Cost Accounting Standards are rules governing the measurement, assignment... Circulars, OFPP Policy Letters, and CASB Cost Accounting Standards Included in the Semiannual Agenda of..., and Cost Accounting Standards Board (CASB) Cost Accounting Standards. OMB Circulars and OFPP Policy...

  1. 77 FR 74481 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Final Collection; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-14

    ... comments request. Form Title: EIB 99-17 Enhanced Assignment of Policy Proceeds. SUMMARY: The Export-Import... the policy proceeds. The form is typically part of the documentation required by financial institution... require Ex-Im Bank insurance policies to support lender financing. The form can be viewed at www.exim.gov...

  2. Joint Task Force Headquarters Master Training Guide

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2003-09-01

    roles, and relationships that differ from those of Service organizations. (6) Understand the rotation policy for individual augmentees assigned to the...JTF. Although the Combatant Commander ultimately establishes individual and unit rotation policies, they will not necessarily be uniform. One...Service might have a 90-day rotation policy while the other Services have 120-day or 179-day rotation policies. To stabilize key billets, consider

  3. Channel-resolved photo- and Auger-electron spectroscopy of halogenated hydrocarbons

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ablikim, Utuq; Kaderiya, B.; Kumarapan, V.; Kushawaha, R.; Rudenko, A.; Rolles, D.; Xiong, H.; Berrah, N.; Bomme, C.; Savelyev, E.; Kilcoyne, D.

    2016-05-01

    Inner-shell photoelectron and Auger electron spectra of polyatomic molecules such as halogenated hydrocarbons are typically hard to interpret and assign due to many overlapping states that form broad bands even in high-resolution measurements. With the help of electron-ion-ion coincidence measurements performed using the velocity map imaging technique, we are able to detect high-energy (<= 150 eV) photo- and Auger electrons in coincidence with two- or many-body ionic fragmentation channels. Such channel-resolved measurements allow disentangling the overlapping electronic structures and help assigning individual components of the electron spectra to specific potential surfaces and final states. In this work, we present measurements on CH3 I, CH2 IBr, and CH2 ICl molecules in the gas-phase using soft x-ray light provided by the Advanced Light Source at LBNL. This project is supported by the DOE, Office of Science, BES, Division of Chemical, Geological and Biological Sciences under Award Number DE-FG02-86ER13491 (U.A., B.K., V.K., A.R., D.R.) and Award Number DE-SC0012376 (H.X., N.B.).

  4. Integer-Linear-Programing Optimization in Scalable Video Multicast with Adaptive Modulation and Coding in Wireless Networks

    PubMed Central

    Lee, Chaewoo

    2014-01-01

    The advancement in wideband wireless network supports real time services such as IPTV and live video streaming. However, because of the sharing nature of the wireless medium, efficient resource allocation has been studied to achieve a high level of acceptability and proliferation of wireless multimedia. Scalable video coding (SVC) with adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) provides an excellent solution for wireless video streaming. By assigning different modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) to video layers, SVC can provide good video quality to users in good channel conditions and also basic video quality to users in bad channel conditions. For optimal resource allocation, a key issue in applying SVC in the wireless multicast service is how to assign MCSs and the time resources to each SVC layer in the heterogeneous channel condition. We formulate this problem with integer linear programming (ILP) and provide numerical results to show the performance under 802.16 m environment. The result shows that our methodology enhances the overall system throughput compared to an existing algorithm. PMID:25276862

  5. Analysis of production-inventory decisions in a decentralized supply chain with price-dependent demand

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kurdhi, N. A.; Irsanianto, S. T.; Sutanto

    2017-01-01

    In this paper, we consider a production-inventory supply chain system with single-manufacturer and single-retailer. There are many types of contract that guarantee the supply chain. However, the administrative costs of the contract are usually neglected in real situation. The additional gain from integration may not cover the extra administrative costs may not addressed to supply chain. Therefore, a Stackelberg game and RFM policy are examined in order to investigate its performance on supply chain. The RFM policy is applied because its administrative costs are lower than othe policies. Although RFM policy is not capable of coordinating the channel, it leads to considerable improvements over the channel. The purpose of this research is to present a model of integrated policy, in which the goal is to maximize the whole system profit, and to evaluate decentralized-Stackelberg and RFM policies, in which individual firms in the supply chain have their own objectives and decisions to optimize.

  6. Assigning crystallographic electron densities with free energy calculations—The case of the fluoride channel Fluc

    PubMed Central

    2018-01-01

    Approximately 90% of the structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) were obtained by X-ray crystallography or electron microscopy. Whereas the overall quality of structure is considered high, thanks to a wide range of tools for structure validation, uncertainties may arise from density maps of small molecules, such as organic ligands, ions or water, which are non-covalently bound to the biomolecules. Even with some experience and chemical intuition, the assignment of such disconnected electron densities is often far from obvious. In this study, we suggest the use of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and free energy calculations, which are well-established computational methods, to aid in the assignment of ambiguous disconnected electron densities. Specifically, estimates of (i) relative binding affinities, for instance between an ion and water, (ii) absolute binding free energies, i.e., free energies for transferring a solute from bulk solvent to a binding site, and (iii) stability assessments during equilibrium simulations may reveal the most plausible assignments. We illustrate this strategy using the crystal structure of the fluoride specific channel (Fluc), which contains five disconnected electron densities previously interpreted as four fluoride and one sodium ion. The simulations support the assignment of the sodium ion. In contrast, calculations of relative and absolute binding free energies as well as stability assessments during free MD simulations suggest that four of the densities represent water molecules instead of fluoride. The assignment of water is compatible with the loss of these densities in the non-conductive F82I/F85I mutant of Fluc. We critically discuss the role of the ion force fields for the calculations presented here. Overall, these findings indicate that MD simulations and free energy calculations are helpful tools for modeling water and ions into crystallographic density maps. PMID:29771936

  7. 47 CFR 73.504 - Channel assignments in the Mexican border area.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... between the United States of America and the United Mexican States Concerning Frequency Modulation... change frequency within the educational portion of the FM band in accordance with the requirements set...

  8. 47 CFR 73.601 - Scope of subpart.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... broadcast stations and, where indicated, low power TV and TV translator stations in the United States, its Territories and possessions. TV broadcast, low power TV, and TV translator stations are assigned channels 6...

  9. 24 CFR 576.102 - Emergency shelter component.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ..., dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking, including services offered by rape crisis centers and... Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970 (URA). Eligible costs are the costs of providing URA... reasonable monetary value assigned to the building, such as the value assigned by an independent real estate...

  10. Briefing Teams in World Affairs Class.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dunn, Joe P.

    1992-01-01

    In a college world affairs course, the teacher acted as foreign policy/national security advisor to the president and assigned students as staff members for different geographic regions. Students briefed him daily, first on current events, then on specific issues. Students enjoyed the challenging assignments, intensive questioning, and policy…

  11. Use of the Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC) for Complex, Evolving, Multipolicy Systems.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1994-07-01

    incorporate the Bell-La Padula rules for implementing the DoD security policy. The policy from which we begin here is the organization’s operational...security policy, which assumes the Bell-La Padula model and assigns the required security variables to elements of the system. A way to ensure a

  12. Control Channel Vulnerability Analysis of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.16m-2011 and 802.16- 2009 Standards

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-09-01

    scheduler to adapt its uplink and downlink assignments to channel conditions. Sleep mode is used by the MS to minimize power drain and radio...is addressed in one resource unit, while for multi-user (MU) schemes , multiple users can be scheduled in one resource unit. Open-loop techniques...17  7.  Mobility and Power Management ......................................... 18  8.  Scheduling Services

  13. Throughput-optimal scheduling for broadcast channels

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Eryilmaz, Atilla; Srikant, Rayadurgam; Perkins, James R.

    2001-07-01

    In this paper, we consider a degraded Gaussian broadcast channel, where the transmitter maintains separate queues for each receiver. We present throughput optimal policies that stabilize the queues without knowing the statistics of the arrival processes to these queues.

  14. 14 CFR 1215.104 - Apportionment and assignment of services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Apportionment and assignment of services. 1215.104 Section 1215.104 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION TRACKING AND DATA RELAY SATELLITE SYSTEM (TDRSS) Use and Reimbursement Policy for Non-U.S. Government Users...

  15. 14 CFR 1215.104 - Apportionment and assignment of services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Apportionment and assignment of services. 1215.104 Section 1215.104 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION TRACKING AND DATA RELAY SATELLITE SYSTEM (TDRSS) Use and Reimbursement Policy for Non-U.S. Government Users...

  16. 75 FR 9797 - Policies To Promote Rural Radio Service and To Streamline Allotment and Assignment Procedures

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-04

    ... Media Bureau and the Wireless Telecommunications Bureau (collectively, the ``Bureaus'') delegated... relationship with the federal government as domestic dependent nations with inherent sovereign powers over... suggested by commenters. First, the Commission will allow assignments or transfers within the four-year...

  17. The Mathematics Education Debates: Preparing Students to Become Professionally Active Mathematics Teachers

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Munakata, Mika

    2010-01-01

    The Mathematics Education Debate is an assignment designed for and implemented in an undergraduate mathematics methods course for prospective secondary school mathematics teachers. For the assignment, students read and analyze current research and policy reports related to mathematics education, prepare and present their positions, offer…

  18. Assigning Publication Credit in Collaborative Research.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bridgwater, Carol Austin; And Others

    Publication credit has taken on great significance with the advent of an increasingly competitive academic job market and the decline in federal funds for psychological research. Policies regarding assignment of publication credit help to mold the careers of academic psychologists. A sample of psychologists was asked to endorse what they…

  19. Progressive transmission of images over fading channels using rate-compatible LDPC codes.

    PubMed

    Pan, Xiang; Banihashemi, Amir H; Cuhadar, Aysegul

    2006-12-01

    In this paper, we propose a combined source/channel coding scheme for transmission of images over fading channels. The proposed scheme employs rate-compatible low-density parity-check codes along with embedded image coders such as JPEG2000 and set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT). The assignment of channel coding rates to source packets is performed by a fast trellis-based algorithm. We examine the performance of the proposed scheme over correlated and uncorrelated Rayleigh flat-fading channels with and without side information. Simulation results for the expected peak signal-to-noise ratio of reconstructed images, which are within 1 dB of the capacity upper bound over a wide range of channel signal-to-noise ratios, show considerable improvement compared to existing results under similar conditions. We also study the sensitivity of the proposed scheme in the presence of channel estimation error at the transmitter and demonstrate that under most conditions our scheme is more robust compared to existing schemes.

  20. Secondary Channel Bifurcation Geometry: A Multi-dimensional Problem

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gaeuman, D.; Stewart, R. L.

    2017-12-01

    The construction of secondary channels (or side channels) is a popular strategy for increasing aquatic habitat complexity in managed rivers. Such channels, however, frequently experience aggradation that prevents surface water from entering the side channels near their bifurcation points during periods of relatively low discharge. This failure to maintain an uninterrupted surface water connection with the main channel can reduce the habitat value of side channels for fish species that prefer lotic conditions. Various factors have been proposed as potential controls on the fate of side channels, including water surface slope differences between the main and secondary channels, the presence of main channel secondary circulation, transverse bed slopes, and bifurcation angle. A quantitative assessment of more than 50 natural and constructed secondary channels in the Trinity River of northern California indicates that bifurcations can assume a variety of configurations that are formed by different processes and whose longevity is governed by different sets of factors. Moreover, factors such as bifurcation angle and water surface slope vary with discharge level and are continuously distributed in space, such that they must be viewed as a multi-dimensional field rather than a single-valued attribute that can be assigned to a particular bifurcation.

  1. Suppressing the crosstalk between racetrack resonators by grating assisted couplers for WDM sensing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Xuezhi; Jiang, Junfeng; Liu, Kun; Yu, Zhe; Feng, Ming; Chen, Wenjie; Liu, Tiegen

    2017-12-01

    We proposed a uniform racetrack resonators based sensor for bio-chemical WDM sensing. The sensing channels are assigned by grating assisted contra-directional couplers. Each resonator only occupies one sensing channel. The crosstalk between sensing channels can be suppressed by aligning the center coupling wavelength of one resonator with the weak coupling wavelength of the others. Based on the simulation results obtained from transfer matrix method, the sensing channel gap can be reduced down to 2 FSRs (˜1.5 nm) of the resonator. The total crosstalk can be as low as 2.5 × 10-2 dB in a sensor with 23 channels covering the whole C band. This sensor with high throughput will be very important for analyzing a wide range of analytes, such as organic compounds or biological materials.

  2. Nanosecond Surface Microdischarges in Multilayer Structures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dubinov, A. E.; Lyubimtseva, V. A.

    2018-05-01

    Multilayer structures in which nanosecond surface microdischarges are generated have been developed, fabricated, and investigated. In these structures, layers are made in the form of thin transparent films, and a plasma discharge channel is formed in thin spacings between the layers. Passage of the discharge channel from one layer into the neighboring layer is implemented via pre-fabricated microholes. Images of microdischarges were obtained which confirmed that their plasma channels are formed according to the route assigned by the holes. The route may follow a fairly complex scheme and have self-intersection points and portions in which the electrons are bound to move in opposition to the electric field. In studying the shape of channels in multilayer strictures, the authors have found a new physical effect which lies in the azimuthal self-orientation of the discharge channel as it passes from one microhole to another.

  3. Real life working shift assignment problem

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sze, San-Nah; Kwek, Yeek-Ling; Tiong, Wei-King; Chiew, Kang-Leng

    2017-07-01

    This study concerns about the working shift assignment in an outlet of Supermarket X in Eastern Mall, Kuching. The working shift assignment needs to be solved at least once in every month. Current approval process of working shifts is too troublesome and time-consuming. Furthermore, the management staff cannot have an overview of manpower and working shift schedule. Thus, the aim of this study is to develop working shift assignment simulation and propose a working shift assignment solution. The main objective for this study is to fulfill manpower demand at minimum operation cost. Besides, the day off and meal break policy should be fulfilled accordingly. Demand based heuristic is proposed to assign working shift and the quality of the solution is evaluated by using the real data.

  4. Politics Can Limit Policy Opportunism in Fiscal Institutions: Evidence from Official General Fund Revenue Forecasts in the American States

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Krause, George A.; Lewis, David E.; Douglas, James W.

    2013-01-01

    Governments make policy decisions in the same areas in quite different institutions. Some assign policymaking responsibility to institutions designed to be insulated from myopic partisan and electoral pressures and others do not. In this study, we claim that differences in political context and institutional design constrain the policy choices…

  5. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Rist, J.; Miteva, T.; Gaire, B.

    In this paper we present a comprehensive and detailed study of Interatomic Coulombic Decay (ICD) occurring after irradiating argon dimers with XUV-synchrotron radiation. A manifold of different decay channels is observed and the corresponding initial and final states are assigned. Additionally, the effect of nuclear dynamics on the ICD electron spectrum is examined for one specific decay channel. The internuclear distance-dependent width Γ(R) of the decay is obtained from the measured kinetic energy release distribution of the ions employing a classical nuclear dynamics model.

  6. The Brown Water Navy in the Mekong Delta: COIN in the Littorals and Inland Waters

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-01-01

    MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION /AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14...Saigon, by sinking a ship in the channel . Mine Division 112 was assigned to GAME WARDEN to accomplish this mission. They were equipped with Mine...Sweeping Boats, MSBs, to keep the channels 12 I . " ... ,..__• ~__~ ~. ~ .. I I The Brown Water Navy in the Mekong Delta: COIN in the Littorals and Inland

  7. 47 CFR 74.786 - Digital channel assignments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ....786 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES EXPERIMENTAL RADIO, AUXILIARY, SPECIAL BROADCAST AND OTHER PROGRAM DISTRIBUTIONAL SERVICES Low Power TV, TV... also at the following internet sites: http://wireless.fcc.gov/publicsafety700MHzregional.html, http...

  8. 47 CFR 74.786 - Digital channel assignments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ....786 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES EXPERIMENTAL RADIO, AUXILIARY, SPECIAL BROADCAST AND OTHER PROGRAM DISTRIBUTIONAL SERVICES Low Power TV, TV... also at the following internet sites: http://wireless.fcc.gov/publicsafety700MHzregional.html, http...

  9. 47 CFR 74.786 - Digital channel assignments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ....786 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES EXPERIMENTAL RADIO, AUXILIARY, SPECIAL BROADCAST AND OTHER PROGRAM DISTRIBUTIONAL SERVICES Low Power TV, TV... also at the following internet sites: http://wireless.fcc.gov/publicsafety700MHzregional.html, http...

  10. 47 CFR 74.786 - Digital channel assignments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ....786 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES EXPERIMENTAL RADIO, AUXILIARY, SPECIAL BROADCAST AND OTHER PROGRAM DISTRIBUTIONAL SERVICES Low Power TV, TV... also at the following internet sites: http://wireless.fcc.gov/publicsafety700MHzregional.html, http...

  11. Wireless radio channel for intramuscular electrode implants in the control of upper limb prostheses.

    PubMed

    Stango, Antonietta; Yazdandoost, Kamya Yekeh; Farina, Dario

    2015-01-01

    In the last few years the use of implanted devices has been considered also in the field of myoelectric hand prostheses. Wireless implanted EMG (Electromyogram) sensors can improve the functioning of the prosthesis, providing information without the disadvantage of the wires, and the usability by amputees. The solutions proposed in the literature are based on proprietary communication protocols between the implanted devices and the prosthesis controller, using frequency bands that are already assigned to other purposes. This study proposes the use of a standard communication protocol (IEEE 802.15.6), specific for wireless body area networks (WBANs), which assign a specific bandwidth to implanted devices. The propagation losses from in-to-on body were investigated by numerical simulation with a 3D human model and an electromagnetic solver. The channel model resulting from the study represents the first step towards the development of myoelectric prosthetic hands which are driven by signals acquired by implanted sensors. However these results can provide important information to researchers for further developments, and manufacturers, which can decrease the production costs for hand prostheses having a common standard of communication with assigned frequencies of operation.

  12. Study of inelastic decay amplitudes in /sup 51/Mn

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Whatley, K.M.

    1982-01-01

    Detailed angular distribution measurments on inelastically scattered protons and de-excitation ..gamma..-rays in the /sup 50/Cr(p,p') and /sup 50/Cr(p,p'..gamma..) reactions were performed for 107 resonances in /sup 51/Mn in the proton energy range 3.0-4.4 MeV. An overall resolution of 425 eV was obtained with the tandem Van de Graaff accelerator and the high resolution system at the Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory. Spin and parity assignments for the 107 resonances studied were as follows: 1/2/sup +/ (4); 1/2/sup -/ (6); 3/2/sup -/ (30); 3/2/sup +/ (20); 5/2/sup +/ (38); 5/2/sup -/ (7); 7/2/sup +/ (1); and 9/2/sup +/ (1). Mixing ratios formore » the inelastic decay amplitudes were uniquely determined for all resonances except those assigned J/sup ..pi../ = 1/2/sup +/, 1/2/sup -/, or 3/2/sup +/. For 1/2/sup +/ and 1/2/sup -/ resonances there is only one open decay channel. For 3/2/sup +/ resonances, insufficient information is obtained from this experiment to determine a unique solution for the mixing ratios. Statistical studies were performed on the set of 3/2/sup -/ resonances and on the set of 5/2/sup +/ resonances. Strong channel-channel correlations were observed in the distributions of the reduced widths and the reduced width amplitudes for 5/2/sup +/ resonances. The existence of such correlations is a violation of the extreme statistical model. The present results agree with the reduced width amplitude distribution of Krieger and Porter which includes channel-channel correlations.« less

  13. 76 FR 71888 - Federal Travel Regulation (FTR); Storage of a Privately Owned Vehicle When Assigned a Temporary...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-21

    ...This final rule amends the Federal Travel Regulation (FTR), and allows agencies to establish internal policy and procedures for storage of a privately owned vehicle (POV) when an employee is assigned a temporary change of station (TCS) in support of a contingency operation.

  14. The Ethics of Pandering in Boston Public Schools' School Assignment Plan

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Levinson, Meira

    2015-01-01

    How can access to public elementary schools of variable quality be justly distributed within a school district? Two reasonable criteria are: (a) that children should have equal opportunity to attend high-quality schools, and (b) school assignment policies should foster an overall increase in the number of high-quality schools. This article…

  15. Rethinking Homework

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kohn, Alfie

    2007-01-01

    The default policy in almost all schools is to assign homework on a regular basis. Alfie Kohn argues that this would make sense only if the homework is beneficial--which it usually is not. He proposes that we re-evaluate the quantity and quality of such assignments and help teachers to rethink the tendency to give homework even when it seems…

  16. Cooling Signs in Wake Debate

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Samuels, Christina A.

    2011-01-01

    More than a year after dismantling a student-assignment policy based on socioeconomic diversity and setting off a wave of reaction that drew national attention, the Wake County, North Carolina, school board took a step that may turn down the temperature of the intense debate. The board, which has been deeply split on an assignment plan for the…

  17. Principals' Approaches to Hiring, Assigning, Evaluating, and Developing Teachers

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Donaldson, Morgaen L.

    2011-01-01

    This article provides key findings from a study of 30 principals working in charter and conventional schools in two northeastern states. It aims to inform policy makers regarding how principals could more positively influence teacher quality. It focuses on the following questions: (1) What influenced how principals hired, assigned, evaluated, and…

  18. Detention as a Deterrent for Late Assignments: A Study.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Conover, Pamela J.

    To gauge the impact of after-school student detention on punctual completion of homework, on detained student grades, and on student self-esteem, fourth- through sixth-grade students from a school with an after-school detention policy for late or incomplete assignments were studied. Interviews were conducted with the four fourth-, fifth-, and…

  19. 77 FR 71713 - Policies To Promote Rural Radio Service and To Streamline Allotment and Assignment Procedures

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-04

    ...: Control Number: 3060-0031. Title: Application for Consent to Assignment of Broadcast Station Construction... Station Construction Permit or License, FCC Form 315; Section 73.3580, Local Public Notice of Filing of... construction permits designed primarily to serve Tribal Lands (the ``Tribal Priority''). Tribal affiliated...

  20. Structuring Effective Student Teams.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dickson, Ellen L.

    1997-01-01

    Experience with student teams working on policy analysis projects indicates the need for faculty supervision of teams in the process of addressing complex issues. The problem-solving approach adopted in one policy analysis course is described, including assignments and tasks, issues and sponsors, team dynamics, conflict management, and the…

  1. 10 CFR 706.12 - Administrative Law Judges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Administrative Law Judges. 706.12 Section 706.12 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY SECURITY POLICIES AND PRACTICES RELATING TO LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS Security Policies... hearings and to facilitate preparation of an unclassified record. The assignment of individual...

  2. 10 CFR 706.12 - Administrative Law Judges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Administrative Law Judges. 706.12 Section 706.12 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY SECURITY POLICIES AND PRACTICES RELATING TO LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS Security Policies... hearings and to facilitate preparation of an unclassified record. The assignment of individual...

  3. 10 CFR 706.12 - Administrative Law Judges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Administrative Law Judges. 706.12 Section 706.12 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY SECURITY POLICIES AND PRACTICES RELATING TO LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS Security Policies... hearings and to facilitate preparation of an unclassified record. The assignment of individual...

  4. 10 CFR 706.12 - Administrative Law Judges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Administrative Law Judges. 706.12 Section 706.12 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY SECURITY POLICIES AND PRACTICES RELATING TO LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS Security Policies... hearings and to facilitate preparation of an unclassified record. The assignment of individual...

  5. 10 CFR 706.12 - Administrative Law Judges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Administrative Law Judges. 706.12 Section 706.12 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY SECURITY POLICIES AND PRACTICES RELATING TO LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS Security Policies... hearings and to facilitate preparation of an unclassified record. The assignment of individual...

  6. Hybrid Model Predictive Control for Sequential Decision Policies in Adaptive Behavioral Interventions.

    PubMed

    Dong, Yuwen; Deshpande, Sunil; Rivera, Daniel E; Downs, Danielle S; Savage, Jennifer S

    2014-06-01

    Control engineering offers a systematic and efficient method to optimize the effectiveness of individually tailored treatment and prevention policies known as adaptive or "just-in-time" behavioral interventions. The nature of these interventions requires assigning dosages at categorical levels, which has been addressed in prior work using Mixed Logical Dynamical (MLD)-based hybrid model predictive control (HMPC) schemes. However, certain requirements of adaptive behavioral interventions that involve sequential decision making have not been comprehensively explored in the literature. This paper presents an extension of the traditional MLD framework for HMPC by representing the requirements of sequential decision policies as mixed-integer linear constraints. This is accomplished with user-specified dosage sequence tables, manipulation of one input at a time, and a switching time strategy for assigning dosages at time intervals less frequent than the measurement sampling interval. A model developed for a gestational weight gain (GWG) intervention is used to illustrate the generation of these sequential decision policies and their effectiveness for implementing adaptive behavioral interventions involving multiple components.

  7. Desire or Disease? Framing Obesity to Influence Attributions of Responsibility and Policy Support.

    PubMed

    McGlynn, Joseph; McGlone, Matthew S

    2018-02-01

    The way we describe health threats affects perceptions of severity and preferred solutions to reduce risk. Most people agree obesity is a problem, but differ in how they attribute responsibility for development and decline of the disease. We explored effects of message framing on attributions of responsibility and support for public obesity policies using a 3 × 2 factorial design. Participants read one of six versions of a health message describing the negative effects of obesity. Message frames influenced respondent attributions and their support for policies to reduce obesity. Those who read a message that assigned agency to the disease (e.g., Obesity causes health problems) endorsed genetics as the cause to a greater degree than those who read a semantically equivalent message that instead assigned agency to people (e.g., Obese people develop health problems). In contrast, assigning agency to people rather than to the disease prompted higher attributions of individual responsibility and support for public policies. Explicit message frames that directly connected responsibility for obesity to either individual or societal factors had no effect on respondent perceptions. Findings suggest explicit arguments may be less effective in shifting perceptions of health threats than arguments embedded in agentic message frames. The results demonstrate specific message features that influence how people attribute responsibility for the onset and solution of obesity.

  8. ORELA data acquisition system hardware. Vol. 5. SEL 810B/PDP-4/PDP-9 intercomputer link

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Reynolds, J.W.; Holladay, J.H.

    1977-01-01

    A report is given describing the IOT assignments and programming for the PDP-4 and PDP-9, the ground isolation wiring, the connector pin assignments, a simplified theory of operation for the SEL 810B link interface, a detailed theory of operation for the link interfaces at the PDP-4 and the PDP-9, and the use of the PDP-4 and PDP-9 link interfaces as an input to the SEL 810B Four-Channel Priority Multiplexer.

  9. Variations in fluvial deposition on an alluvial plain: an example from the Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Formation (Paleocene), southeastern Powder River Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A.

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Johnson, E.A.; Pierce, F.W.

    1990-01-01

    The Tongue River Member of the Paleocene Fort Union Formation is an important coal-bearing sedimentary unit in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming and Montana. We studied the depositional environments of a portion of this member at three sites 20 km apart in the southeastern part of the basin. Six lithofacies are recognized that we assign to five depositional facies categorized as either channel or interchannel-wetlands environments. (1) Type A sandstone is cross stratified and occurs as lenticular bodies with concave-upward basal surfaces; these bodies are assigned to the channel facies interpreted to be the product of low-sinuosity streams. (2) Type B sandstone occurs in parallel-bedded units containing mudrock partings and fossil plant debris; these units constitute the levee facies. (3) Type C sandstone typically lacks internal structure and occurs as tabular bodies separating finer grained deposits; these bodies represent the crevasse-splay facies. (4) Gray mudrock is generally nonlaminated and contains ironstone concretions; these deposits constitute the floodplain facies. (5) Carbonaceous shale and coal are assigned to the swamp facies. We recognize two styles of stream deposition in our study area. Laterally continuous complexes of single and multistoried channel bodies occur at our middle study site and we interpret these to be the deposits of sandy braided stream systems. In the two adjacent study sites, single and multistoried channel bodies are isolated in a matrix of finer-grained interchannel sediment suggesting deposition by anastomosed streams. A depositional model for our study area contains northwest-trending braided stream systems. Avulsions of these systems created anastomosed streams that flowed into adjacent interchannel areas. We propose that during late Paleocene a broad alluvial plain existed on the southeastern flank of the Powder River Basin. The braided streams that crossed this surface were tributaries to a northward-flowing, basin-axis trunk stream that existed to the west. ?? 1990.

  10. Experimental demonstration of wavelength domain rogue-free ONU based on wavelength-pairing for TDM/WDM optical access networks.

    PubMed

    Lee, Jie Hyun; Park, Heuk; Kang, Sae-Kyoung; Lee, Joon Ki; Chung, Hwan Seok

    2015-11-30

    In this study, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a wavelength domain rogue-free ONU based on wavelength-pairing of downstream and upstream signals for time/wavelength division-multiplexed optical access networks. The wavelength-pairing tunable filter is aligned to the upstream wavelength channel by aligning it to one of the downstream wavelength channels. Wavelength-pairing is implemented with a compact and cyclic Si-AWG integrated with a Ge-PD. The pairing filter covered four 100 GHz-spaced wavelength channels. The feasibility of the wavelength domain rogue-free operation is investigated by emulating malfunction of the misaligned laser. The wavelength-pairing tunable filter based on the Si-AWG blocks the upstream signal in the non-assigned wavelength channel before data collision with other ONUs.

  11. Teacher Effectiveness and Causal Inference in Observational Studies

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rose, Roderick A.

    2013-01-01

    An important target of education policy is to improve overall teacher effectiveness using evidence-based policies. Randomized control trials (RCTs), which randomly assign study participants or groups of participants to treatment and control conditions, are not always practical or possible and observational studies using rigorous quasi-experimental…

  12. 48 CFR 927.302 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... DOE before domestic and foreign patent offices; (4) Accept assignments and instruments confirmatory of... PATENTS, DATA, AND COPYRIGHTS Patent Rights Under Government Contracts 927.302 Policy. (a) Except for... application for a patent and retain title to any ensuing patent in any foreign country in which DOE does not...

  13. 48 CFR 927.302 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... DOE before domestic and foreign patent offices; (4) Accept assignments and instruments confirmatory of... PATENTS, DATA, AND COPYRIGHTS Patent Rights Under Government Contracts 927.302 Policy. (a) Except for... application for a patent and retain title to any ensuing patent in any foreign country in which DOE does not...

  14. 48 CFR 927.302 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... DOE before domestic and foreign patent offices; (4) Accept assignments and instruments confirmatory of... PATENTS, DATA, AND COPYRIGHTS Patent Rights Under Government Contracts 927.302 Policy. (a) Except for... application for a patent and retain title to any ensuing patent in any foreign country in which DOE does not...

  15. 48 CFR 927.302 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... DOE before domestic and foreign patent offices; (4) Accept assignments and instruments confirmatory of... PATENTS, DATA, AND COPYRIGHTS Patent Rights Under Government Contracts 927.302 Policy. (a) Except for... application for a patent and retain title to any ensuing patent in any foreign country in which DOE does not...

  16. 32 CFR 242.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Purpose. 242.1 Section 242.1 National Defense... POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR THE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIVERSITY OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES § 242.1 Purpose. This part establishes policies and procedures and assigns responsibilities for the...

  17. Effects of Choice on Intervention Outcomes for College Students Sanctioned for Campus Alcohol Policy Violations

    PubMed Central

    Carey, Kate B.; DeMartini, Kelly S.; Prince, Mark A.; Luteran, Carrie; Carey, Michael P.

    2012-01-01

    This study tested the hypothesis that client choice influences intervention outcomes. We recruited 288 student drinkers (60% male, 67% freshmen) required to participate in an intervention due to a violation of campus alcohol policy. Participants were randomized either to self-chosen or researcher-assigned interventions. In the choice condition they selected either a brief motivational intervention (BMI) or a computer-delivered educational program. In the assigned condition they received one of the two interventions, assigned randomly. Follow-up assessments at 1- and 2-months revealed that choice was associated with higher intervention satisfaction. However, the assigned and choice conditions did not differentially change on consumption or consequences across intervention type. Overall, change scores favored the BMI over the computer-delivered intervention on consumption and consequences. Exploratory analyses revealed that, given the choice of intervention, heavier drinking students self-selected into the face-to-face BMI. Furthermore, among the students who received a BMI, the students who chose it (despite their heavier drinking) reduced drinks per drinking day more than the assigned students. In sum, offering a choice of intervention to students mandated for campus alcohol violations increased the chance that at-risk students will select a more intensive and effective intervention. PMID:23046274

  18. Cognitive Jointly Optimal Code-Division Channelization and Routing Over Cooperative Links

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-04-01

    i List of Figures Fig. 1: Comparison between code-division channelization and FDM. Fig. 2: Secondary receiver SINR as a function of the iteration step...transmission percentage as a function of the number of active links under Cases rank(X′′) = 1 and > 1 (the study includes also the random code assignment...scheme); (b) Instantaneous output SINR of a primary signal against primary SINR-QoS threshold SINRthPU (thick line) and instanta- neous output SINR of

  19. Data Processing for NASA's TDRSS DAMA Channel

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Long, Christopher C.; Horan, Stephen

    1996-01-01

    A concept for the addition of a Demand Assignment Multiple Access (DAMA) service to NASA's current Space Network (SN) is developed. Specifically, the design of a receiver for the DAMA channel is outlined. Also, an outline of the procedures taken to process the received service request is presented. The modifications to the (SN) system are minimal. The post reception processing is accomplished using standard commercial off the shelf (COTS) packages. The result is a random access system capable of receiving requests for service.

  20. Optimal Policy of Cross-Layer Design for Channel Access and Transmission Rate Adaptation in Cognitive Radio Networks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    He, Hao; Wang, Jun; Zhu, Jiang; Li, Shaoqian

    2010-12-01

    In this paper, we investigate the cross-layer design of joint channel access and transmission rate adaptation in CR networks with multiple channels for both centralized and decentralized cases. Our target is to maximize the throughput of CR network under transmission power constraint by taking spectrum sensing errors into account. In centralized case, this problem is formulated as a special constrained Markov decision process (CMDP), which can be solved by standard linear programming (LP) method. As the complexity of finding the optimal policy by LP increases exponentially with the size of action space and state space, we further apply action set reduction and state aggregation to reduce the complexity without loss of optimality. Meanwhile, for the convenience of implementation, we also consider the pure policy design and analyze the corresponding characteristics. In decentralized case, where only local information is available and there is no coordination among the CR users, we prove the existence of the constrained Nash equilibrium and obtain the optimal decentralized policy. Finally, in the case that the traffic load parameters of the licensed users are unknown for the CR users, we propose two methods to estimate the parameters for two different cases. Numerical results validate the theoretic analysis.

  1. Managing fleet capacity effectively under second-hand market redistribution.

    PubMed

    Quillérou, Emmanuelle; Roudaut, Nolwenn; Guyader, Olivier

    2013-09-01

    Fishing capacity management policies have been traditionally implemented at national level with national targets for capacity reduction. More recently, capacity management policies have increasingly targeted specific fisheries. French fisheries spatially vary along the French coastline and are associated to specific regions. Capacity management policies, however, ignore the capital mobility associated with second-hand vessel trade between regions. This is not an issue for national policies but could limit the effectiveness of regional capacity management policies. A gravity model and a random-effect Poisson regression model are used to analyze the determinants and spatial extent of the second-hand market in France. This study is based on panel data from the French Atlantic Ocean between 1992 and 2009. The trade flows between trading partners is found to increase with their sizes and to be spatially concentrated. Despite the low trade flows between regions, a net impact analysis shows that fishing capacity is redistributed by the second-hand market to regions on the Channel and Aquitaine from central regions. National capacity management policies (constructions/destructions) have induced a net decrease in regional fleet capacity with varying magnitude across regions. Unless there is a change of policy instruments or their scale of implementation, the operation of the second-hand market decreases the effectiveness of regional capacity management policies in regions on the Channel and Aquitaine.

  2. Parental knowledge of child development and the assignment of tractor work to children.

    PubMed

    Pickett, William; Marlenga, Barbara; Berg, Richard L

    2003-07-01

    Many childhood farm tractor injuries occur during the performance of work that was assigned by parents, and some tractor work is beyond the developmental capabilities of children. This has been highlighted recently by a policy statement authored by the American Academy of Pediatrics. The objective of this study was 1) to assess child development knowledge of farm parents who received a new resource, the North American Guidelines for Children's Agricultural Tasks (NAGCAT), and 2) to determine whether this knowledge was associated with use of NAGCAT in the assignment of tractor jobs and with compliance with 2 aspects of the NAGCAT tractor guideline. Secondary analysis of data collected during a randomized controlled trial that involved 450 farms in the United States and Canada was conducted. Variables assessed included 1) parental knowledge of child development across several age groups and 3 domains of child development (physical, cognitive, and psychosocial), 2) documentation of the most common tractor jobs assigned to each child, and 3) a report of whether NAGCAT was used in assigning these tractor jobs. High parental knowledge of child development was associated with enhanced use of NAGCAT and fewer violations when assigning tractor work to children. However, even in the presence of high knowledge, some farm parents still assigned to their children work that was in violation of NAGCAT. Educational interventions by themselves are not sufficient to remove many farm children from known occupational hazards. These findings are discussed in light of the recent policy statement on agricultural injuries from the American Academy of Pediatrics.

  3. The NPC: A Higher Priority for Networking Policy

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kuhns, Jeff C.

    2006-01-01

    This article discusses the scope of activities of the Network Policy Council (NPC), which has been designed to provide a more direct channel of communications within EDUCAUSE and to provide policy formulation more visibility. The NPC is an advisory council to EDUCAUSE whose members are selected from those who have interest in this area and are…

  4. Modeling Precheck Parallel Screening Process in the Face of Strategic Applicants with Incomplete Information and Screening Errors.

    PubMed

    Song, Cen; Zhuang, Jun

    2018-01-01

    In security check systems, tighter screening processes increase the security level, but also cause more congestion, which could cause longer wait times. Having to deal with more congestion in lines could also cause issues for the screeners. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) Precheck Program was introduced to create fast lanes in airports with the goal of expediting passengers who the TSA does not deem to be threats. In this lane, the TSA allows passengers to enjoy fewer restrictions in order to speed up the screening time. Motivated by the TSA Precheck Program, we study parallel queueing imperfect screening systems, where the potential normal and adversary participants/applicants decide whether to apply to the Precheck Program or not. The approved participants would be assigned to a faster screening channel based on a screening policy determined by an approver, who balances the concerns of safety of the passengers and congestion of the lines. There exist three types of optimal normal applicant's application strategy, which depend on whether the marginal payoff is negative or positive, or whether the marginal benefit equals the marginal cost. An adversary applicant would not apply when the screening policy is sufficiently large or the number of utilized benefits is sufficiently small. The basic model is extended by considering (1) applicants' parameters to follow different distributions and (2) applicants to have risk levels, where the approver determines the threshold value needed to qualify for Precheck. This article integrates game theory and queueing theory to study the optimal screening policy and provides some insights to imperfect parallel queueing screening systems. © 2017 Society for Risk Analysis.

  5. Channel access schemes and fiber optic configurations for integrated-services local area networks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nassehi, M. Mehdi

    1987-03-01

    Local Area Networks are in common use for data communications and have enjoyed great success. Recently, there is a growing interest in using a single network to support many applications in addition to traditional data traffic. These additional applications introduce new requirements in terms of volume of traffic and real-time delivery of data which are not met by existing networks. To satisfy these requirements, a high-bandwidth tranmission medium, such as fiber optics, and a distributed channel access scheme for the efficient sharing of the bandwidth among the various applications are needed. As far as the throughput-delay requirements of the various application are concerned, a network structure along with a distributed channel access are proposed which incorporate appropriate scheduling policies for the transmission of outstanding messages on the network. A dynamic scheduling policy was devised which outperforms all existing policies in terms of minimizing the expected cost per message. A broadcast mechanism was devised for the efficient dissemination of all relevant information. Fiber optic technology is considered for the high-bandwidth transmisison medium.

  6. Channel access schemes and fiber optic configurations for integrated-services local area networks. Ph.D. Thesis

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Nassehi, M. Mehdi

    1987-01-01

    Local Area Networks are in common use for data communications and have enjoyed great success. Recently, there is a growing interest in using a single network to support many applications in addition to traditional data traffic. These additional applications introduce new requirements in terms of volume of traffic and real-time delivery of data which are not met by existing networks. To satisfy these requirements, a high-bandwidth tranmission medium, such as fiber optics, and a distributed channel access scheme for the efficient sharing of the bandwidth among the various applications are needed. As far as the throughput-delay requirements of the various application are concerned, a network structure along with a distributed channel access are proposed which incorporate appropriate scheduling policies for the transmission of outstanding messages on the network. A dynamic scheduling policy was devised which outperforms all existing policies in terms of minimizing the expected cost per message. A broadcast mechanism was devised for the efficient dissemination of all relevant information. Fiber optic technology is considered for the high-bandwidth transmisison medium.

  7. 28 CFR 0.23 - General functions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false General functions. 0.23 Section 0.23... Policy § 0.23 General functions. The Office of Legal Policy shall be headed by an Assistant Attorney... Departmental goals. (i) Perform such other duties and functions as may be specially assigned by the Attorney...

  8. School Choice and Educational Inequality in South Korea

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Byun, Soo-Yong; Kim, Kyung-Keun; Park, Hyunjoon

    2012-01-01

    Using a nationally representative sample of eleventh grade students in South Korea, we investigated how the residentially based school assignment policy called the High School Equalization Policy (HSEP) shaped the separation of low and high socioeconomic status (SES) students between schools. We found that there was a smaller between-school…

  9. Put the Heat on Cutting Energy Costs.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Steller, Arthur W.; Pell, Carroll J.

    1985-01-01

    The school board establishes a commitment to efficient energy management through its policies and budget priorities. Such a policy should include a statement of purpose, assign accountability for improving energy efficiency, and ensure that mandated standards are maintained. To permanently prevent energy waste, a gradual change to a comprehensive…

  10. 31 CFR 0.102 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Policy. 0.102 Section 0.102 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY EMPLOYEE RULES OF... is not limited to: (1) Reassignment of work duties; (2) Disqualification from a particular assignment...

  11. How to Do Things with Words: Speech Acts in Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gasparatou, Renia

    2018-01-01

    Originating from philosophy and science, many different ideas have made their way into educational policies. Educational policies often take such ideas completely out of context, and enforce them as general norms to every aspect of education; even opposing ideals make their way into school's curricula, teaching techniques, assignments, and…

  12. 47 CFR 90.615 - Individual channels available in the General Category in 806-824/851-869 MHz band.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES PRIVATE LAND MOBILE RADIO SERVICES Regulations... Governing the Processing of Applications and the Selection and Assignment of Frequencies for Use in the 806...

  13. Multi-bit wavelength coding phase-shift-keying optical steganography based on amplified spontaneous emission noise

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Cheng; Wang, Hongxiang; Ji, Yuefeng

    2018-01-01

    In this paper, a multi-bit wavelength coding phase-shift-keying (PSK) optical steganography method is proposed based on amplified spontaneous emission noise and wavelength selection switch. In this scheme, the assignment codes and the delay length differences provide a large two-dimensional key space. A 2-bit wavelength coding PSK system is simulated to show the efficiency of our proposed method. The simulated results demonstrate that the stealth signal after encoded and modulated is well-hidden in both time and spectral domains, under the public channel and noise existing in the system. Besides, even the principle of this scheme and the existence of stealth channel are known to the eavesdropper, the probability of recovering the stealth data is less than 0.02 if the key is unknown. Thus it can protect the security of stealth channel more effectively. Furthermore, the stealth channel will results in 0.48 dB power penalty to the public channel at 1 × 10-9 bit error rate, and the public channel will have no influence on the receiving of the stealth channel.

  14. 32 CFR 148.14 - Procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCITY OF FACILITIES Guidelines for the Implementation and Oversight of the Policy on Reciprocity of use and Inspections of Facilities § 148.14 Procedures. (a) Agencies that... maximize interagency reciprocity shall be based primarily upon existing organizational reporting channels...

  15. 32 CFR 148.14 - Procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCITY OF FACILITIES Guidelines for the Implementation and Oversight of the Policy on Reciprocity of use and Inspections of Facilities § 148.14 Procedures. (a) Agencies that... maximize interagency reciprocity shall be based primarily upon existing organizational reporting channels...

  16. 32 CFR 148.14 - Procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCITY OF FACILITIES Guidelines for the Implementation and Oversight of the Policy on Reciprocity of use and Inspections of Facilities § 148.14 Procedures. (a) Agencies that... maximize interagency reciprocity shall be based primarily upon existing organizational reporting channels...

  17. 32 CFR 148.14 - Procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCITY OF FACILITIES Guidelines for the Implementation and Oversight of the Policy on Reciprocity of use and Inspections of Facilities § 148.14 Procedures. (a) Agencies that... maximize interagency reciprocity shall be based primarily upon existing organizational reporting channels...

  18. 32 CFR 148.14 - Procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCITY OF FACILITIES Guidelines for the Implementation and Oversight of the Policy on Reciprocity of use and Inspections of Facilities § 148.14 Procedures. (a) Agencies that... maximize interagency reciprocity shall be based primarily upon existing organizational reporting channels...

  19. The Impact of an Online Educational Video and a Medical Amnesty Policy on College Students' Intentions to Seek Help in the Presence of Alcohol Poisoning Symptoms

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Oster-Aaland, Laura; Thompson, Kevin; Eighmy, Myron

    2011-01-01

    This study analyzed the impact of a medical amnesty policy and an online alcohol poisoning video on college students' intentions to seek help when witnessing alcohol poisoning symptoms. Students were randomly assigned to receive an amnesty policy, alcohol poisoning video, or both. The group that received both treatments was most likely to seek…

  20. Effects of Welfare and Employment Policies on Young Children: New Findings on Policy Experiments Conducted in the Early 1990s. Social Policy Report. Volume 19, Number 2

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Morris, Pamela A.; Gennetian, Lisa A.; Duncan, Greg J.

    2005-01-01

    Over the past 30 years, welfare and other public programs for poor families have focused increasingly on promoting parents' self-sufficiency by requiring and supporting employment. Evidence from a diverse set of random-assignment experiments now reveals some of the conditions under which promoting work among low-income, single parents helps or…

  1. Development of a report card on healthy food environments and nutrition for children in Canada.

    PubMed

    Olstad, Dana Lee; Raine, Kim D; Nykiforuk, Candace I J

    2014-12-01

    The purpose of the Report Card on Healthy Food Environments and Nutrition for Children is to assess how current environments and policies in Canada support or create barriers to improving children's dietary behaviours and body weights. In 2014 we reviewed the literature to identify indicators of the quality of children's food environments and related policies. Scoring systems used to monitor and report on progress on a variety of public health activities were consulted during development of a grading scheme. The Report Card was revised following reviews by an Expert Advisory Committee. The Report Card assigns a grade to policies and actions (42 indicators and benchmarks) within 4 micro-environments (physical, communication, economic, social) and within the political macro-environment. Grade-level scores of A through F are assigned that reflect achievement of, supports for, and monitoring of indicator-specific benchmarks. A Canadian Report Card will be released annually starting in 2015. The Report Card is a novel tool to monitor the state of children's food environments and supportive policies, inform stakeholders of the state of these environments and policies, engage society in a national discussion, and outline a policy-relevant research agenda for further study. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. RD Optimized, Adaptive, Error-Resilient Transmission of MJPEG2000-Coded Video over Multiple Time-Varying Channels

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bezan, Scott; Shirani, Shahram

    2006-12-01

    To reliably transmit video over error-prone channels, the data should be both source and channel coded. When multiple channels are available for transmission, the problem extends to that of partitioning the data across these channels. The condition of transmission channels, however, varies with time. Therefore, the error protection added to the data at one instant of time may not be optimal at the next. In this paper, we propose a method for adaptively adding error correction code in a rate-distortion (RD) optimized manner using rate-compatible punctured convolutional codes to an MJPEG2000 constant rate-coded frame of video. We perform an analysis on the rate-distortion tradeoff of each of the coding units (tiles and packets) in each frame and adapt the error correction code assigned to the unit taking into account the bandwidth and error characteristics of the channels. This method is applied to both single and multiple time-varying channel environments. We compare our method with a basic protection method in which data is either not transmitted, transmitted with no protection, or transmitted with a fixed amount of protection. Simulation results show promising performance for our proposed method.

  3. Concluding with a Synthesis.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Johansen, Jane Thompson

    2003-01-01

    Presents an assignment, conducted by the business communications instructor as "raconteur," that elicits discussions about ethics, decision making, channeling, legal questions, and the practical applications of business communications. Describes how the class completes a major report on a career and participates in three interviews so that they…

  4. University Approaches to Software Copyright and Licensure Policies.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hawkins, Brian L.

    Issues of copyright policy and software licensure at Drexel University that were developed during the introduction of a new microcomputing program are discussed. Channels for software distribution include: individual purchase of externally-produced software, distribution of internally-developed software, institutional licensure, and "read…

  5. 7 CFR 959.120 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Policy. 959.120 Section 959.120 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... of any such onions in trade channels other than those for which intended. Such information and...

  6. Dielectric controlled excited state relaxation pathways of a representative push-pull stilbene: a mechanistic study using femtosecond fluorescence up-conversion technique.

    PubMed

    Rafiq, Shahnawaz; Sen, Pratik

    2013-02-28

    Femtosecond fluorescence up-conversion technique was employed to reinvestigate the intriguing dependence of fluorescence quantum yield of trans-4-dimethylamino-4(')-nitrostilbene (DNS) on dielectric properties of the media. In polar solvents, such as methanol and acetonitrile, the two time components of the fluorescence transients were assigned to intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) dynamics and to the depletion of the ICT state to the ground state via internal conversion along the torsional coordinate of nitro moiety. The viscosity independence of the first time component indicates the absence of any torsional coordinate in the charge transfer process. In slightly polar solvent (carbon tetrachloride) the fluorescence transients show a triple exponential behavior. The first time component was assigned to the formation of the ICT state on a 2 ps time scale. Second time component was assigned to the relaxation of the ICT state via two torsion controlled channels. First channel involves the torsional motion about the central double bond leading to the trans-cis isomerization via a conical intersection or avoided crossing. The other channel contributing to the depopulation of ICT state involves the torsional coordinates of dimethylanilino and∕or nitrophenyl moieties and leads to the formation of a conformationally relaxed state, which subsequently relaxes back to the ground state radiatively, and is responsible for the high fluorescence quantum yield of DNS in slightly polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride, toluene, etc. The excited singlet state which is having a dominant π-π∗ character may also decay via intersystem crossing to the n-π∗ triplet manifold and thus accounts for the observed triplet yield of the molecule in slightly polar solvents.

  7. Dielectric controlled excited state relaxation pathways of a representative push-pull stilbene: A mechanistic study using femtosecond fluorescence up-conversion technique

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rafiq, Shahnawaz; Sen, Pratik

    2013-02-01

    Femtosecond fluorescence up-conversion technique was employed to reinvestigate the intriguing dependence of fluorescence quantum yield of trans-4-dimethylamino-4'-nitrostilbene (DNS) on dielectric properties of the media. In polar solvents, such as methanol and acetonitrile, the two time components of the fluorescence transients were assigned to intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) dynamics and to the depletion of the ICT state to the ground state via internal conversion along the torsional coordinate of nitro moiety. The viscosity independence of the first time component indicates the absence of any torsional coordinate in the charge transfer process. In slightly polar solvent (carbon tetrachloride) the fluorescence transients show a triple exponential behavior. The first time component was assigned to the formation of the ICT state on a 2 ps time scale. Second time component was assigned to the relaxation of the ICT state via two torsion controlled channels. First channel involves the torsional motion about the central double bond leading to the trans-cis isomerization via a conical intersection or avoided crossing. The other channel contributing to the depopulation of ICT state involves the torsional coordinates of dimethylanilino and/or nitrophenyl moieties and leads to the formation of a conformationally relaxed state, which subsequently relaxes back to the ground state radiatively, and is responsible for the high fluorescence quantum yield of DNS in slightly polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride, toluene, etc. The excited singlet state which is having a dominant π-π* character may also decay via intersystem crossing to the n-π* triplet manifold and thus accounts for the observed triplet yield of the molecule in slightly polar solvents.

  8. Student Grading Policies: Legal Issues and Administrative Review

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gregory, Richard A.

    2005-01-01

    This case study focuses on the legal aspects of school district grading policies. Given parental and student challenges to assigned grades, a school district and its employees must be prepared to respond appropriately to substantive and procedural claims. Moreover, when these claims cannot be resolved at the building level, administrative reviews,…

  9. The Reciprocal Relationship between Housing and School Integration. Research Brief No. 7. Updated

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mickelson, Roslyn Arlin

    2011-01-01

    Given the common practice of assigning students to neighborhood schools, any serious hope of integrating America's public education system requires the consideration of not only educational policies and practices, but also the demography of neighborhoods and the housing policies that contribute to residential integration or segregation. Most…

  10. Target Demographics

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Trotter, Andrew

    2006-01-01

    In its new term, the justices will review a challenge to a student-assignment policy adopted by the Seattle school board in 1997 to enhance racial diversity at its 10 high schools, including Ballard High, beginning in the 1998-99 school year. Under the policy, which has been suspended since 2002 pending the outcome of the legal challenge, students…

  11. QoS Differential Scheduling in Cognitive-Radio-Based Smart Grid Networks: An Adaptive Dynamic Programming Approach.

    PubMed

    Yu, Rong; Zhong, Weifeng; Xie, Shengli; Zhang, Yan; Zhang, Yun

    2016-02-01

    As the next-generation power grid, smart grid will be integrated with a variety of novel communication technologies to support the explosive data traffic and the diverse requirements of quality of service (QoS). Cognitive radio (CR), which has the favorable ability to improve the spectrum utilization, provides an efficient and reliable solution for smart grid communications networks. In this paper, we study the QoS differential scheduling problem in the CR-based smart grid communications networks. The scheduler is responsible for managing the spectrum resources and arranging the data transmissions of smart grid users (SGUs). To guarantee the differential QoS, the SGUs are assigned to have different priorities according to their roles and their current situations in the smart grid. Based on the QoS-aware priority policy, the scheduler adjusts the channels allocation to minimize the transmission delay of SGUs. The entire transmission scheduling problem is formulated as a semi-Markov decision process and solved by the methodology of adaptive dynamic programming. A heuristic dynamic programming (HDP) architecture is established for the scheduling problem. By the online network training, the HDP can learn from the activities of primary users and SGUs, and adjust the scheduling decision to achieve the purpose of transmission delay minimization. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed priority policy ensures the low transmission delay of high priority SGUs. In addition, the emergency data transmission delay is also reduced to a significantly low level, guaranteeing the differential QoS in smart grid.

  12. Sexual Harassment at Camp: Reducing Liability.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Oakleaf, Linda; Grube, Angela Johnson

    2003-01-01

    Employers are responsible for sexual harassment perpetrated by a supervisor. Camps may be responsible for sexual harassment between campers. Steps to reduce liability include providing multiple channels for reporting sexual harassment; having written policies prohibiting sexual harassment and procedures for reporting it; posting these policies and…

  13. Multi-carrier Communications over Time-varying Acoustic Channels

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aval, Yashar M.

    Acoustic communication is an enabling technology for many autonomous undersea systems, such as those used for ocean monitoring, offshore oil and gas industry, aquaculture, or port security. There are three main challenges in achieving reliable high-rate underwater communication: the bandwidth of acoustic channels is extremely limited, the propagation delays are long, and the Doppler distortions are more pronounced than those found in wireless radio channels. In this dissertation we focus on assessing the fundamental limitations of acoustic communication, and designing efficient signal processing methods that cam overcome these limitations. We address the fundamental question of acoustic channel capacity (achievable rate) for single-input-multi-output (SIMO) acoustic channels using a per-path Rician fading model, and focusing on two scenarios: narrowband channels where the channel statistics can be approximated as frequency- independent, and wideband channels where the nominal path loss is frequency-dependent. In each scenario, we compare several candidate power allocation techniques, and show that assigning uniform power across all frequencies for the first scenario, and assigning uniform power across a selected frequency-band for the second scenario, are the best practical choices in most cases, because the long propagation delay renders the feedback information outdated for power allocation based on the estimated channel response. We quantify our results using the channel information extracted form the 2010 Mobile Acoustic Communications Experiment (MACE'10). Next, we focus on achieving reliable high-rate communication over underwater acoustic channels. Specifically, we investigate orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) as the state-of-the-art technique for dealing with frequency-selective multipath channels, and propose a class of methods that compensate for the time-variation of the underwater acoustic channel. These methods are based on multiple-FFT demodulation, and are implemented as partial (P), shaped (S), fractional (F), and Taylor series expansion (T) FFT demodulation. They replace the conventional FFT demodulation with a few FFTs and a combiner. The input to each FFT is a specific transformation of the input signal (P,S,F,T), while the combiner performs weighted summation of the FFT outputs. We design an adaptive algorithm of stochastic gradient type to learn the combiner weights for coherent and differentially coherent detection. The algorithm is cast into the framework of multiple receiving elements to take advantage of spatial diversity. Synthetic data, as well as experimental data from the MACE'10 experiment are used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods, showing significant improvement over conventional detection techniques with or without inter-carrier interference equalization (5 dB--7 dB on average over multiple hours), as well as improved bandwidth efficiency.

  14. 47 CFR 74.1236 - Emission and bandwidth.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., AUXILIARY, SPECIAL BROADCAST AND OTHER PROGRAM DISTRIBUTIONAL SERVICES FM Broadcast Translator Stations and FM Broadcast Booster Stations § 74.1236 Emission and bandwidth. (a) The license of a station...) apply. (b) Standard width FM channels will be assigned and the transmitting apparatus shall be operated...

  15. Top-quark mass measurement in the all-hadronic t\\overline{t} decay channel at √{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aaboud, M.; Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; Abdinov, O.; Abeloos, B.; Aben, R.; AbouZeid, O. S.; Abraham, N. L.; Abramowicz, H.; Abreu, H.; Abreu, R.; Abulaiti, Y.; Acharya, B. S.; Adachi, S.; Adamczyk, L.; Adams, D. L.; Adelman, J.; Adomeit, S.; Adye, T.; Affolder, A. A.; Agatonovic-Jovin, T.; Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.; Ahlen, S. P.; Ahmadov, F.; Aielli, G.; Akerstedt, H.; Åkesson, T. P. A.; Akimov, A. V.; Alberghi, G. L.; Albert, J.; Albrand, S.; Verzini, M. J. Alconada; Aleksa, M.; Aleksandrov, I. N.; Alexa, C.; Alexander, G.; Alexopoulos, T.; Alhroob, M.; Ali, B.; Aliev, M.; Alimonti, G.; Alison, J.; Alkire, S. P.; Allbrooke, B. M. M.; Allen, B. W.; Allport, P. P.; Aloisio, A.; Alonso, A.; Alonso, F.; Alpigiani, C.; Alshehri, A. A.; Alstaty, M.; Gonzalez, B. Alvarez; Piqueras, D. Álvarez; Alviggi, M. G.; Amadio, B. T.; Coutinho, Y. Amaral; Amelung, C.; Amidei, D.; Santos, S. P. Amor Dos; Amorim, A.; Amoroso, S.; Amundsen, G.; Anastopoulos, C.; Ancu, L. S.; Andari, N.; Andeen, T.; Anders, C. F.; Anders, G.; Anders, J. K.; Anderson, K. J.; Andreazza, A.; Andrei, V.; Angelidakis, S.; Angelozzi, I.; Angerami, A.; Anghinolfi, F.; Anisenkov, A. V.; Anjos, N.; Annovi, A.; Antel, C.; Antonelli, M.; Antonov, A.; Antrim, D. J.; Anulli, F.; Aoki, M.; Bella, L. Aperio; Arabidze, G.; Arai, Y.; Araque, J. P.; Arce, A. T. H.; Arduh, F. A.; Arguin, J.-F.; Argyropoulos, S.; Arik, M.; Armbruster, A. J.; Armitage, L. J.; Arnaez, O.; Arnold, H.; Arratia, M.; Arslan, O.; Artamonov, A.; Artoni, G.; Artz, S.; Asai, S.; Asbah, N.; Ashkenazi, A.; Åsman, B.; Asquith, L.; Assamagan, K.; Astalos, R.; Atkinson, M.; Atlay, N. B.; Augsten, K.; Avolio, G.; Axen, B.; Ayoub, M. K.; Azuelos, G.; Baak, M. A.; Baas, A. E.; Baca, M. J.; Bachacou, H.; Bachas, K.; Backes, M.; Backhaus, M.; Bagiacchi, P.; Bagnaia, P.; Bai, Y.; Baines, J. T.; Bajic, M.; Baker, O. K.; Baldin, E. M.; Balek, P.; Balestri, T.; Balli, F.; Balunas, W. K.; Banas, E.; Banerjee, Sw.; Bannoura, A. A. E.; Barak, L.; Barberio, E. L.; Barberis, D.; Barbero, M.; Barillari, T.; Barisits, M.-S.; Barklow, T.; Barlow, N.; Barnes, S. L.; Barnett, B. M.; Barnett, R. M.; Barnovska-Blenessy, Z.; Baroncelli, A.; Barone, G.; Barr, A. J.; Navarro, L. Barranco; Barreiro, F.; Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, J.; Bartoldus, R.; Barton, A. E.; Bartos, P.; Basalaev, A.; Bassalat, A.; Bates, R. L.; Batista, S. J.; Batley, J. R.; Battaglia, M.; Bauce, M.; Bauer, F.; Bawa, H. S.; Beacham, J. B.; Beattie, M. D.; Beau, T.; Beauchemin, P. H.; Bechtle, P.; Beck, H. P.; Becker, K.; Becker, M.; Beckingham, M.; Becot, C.; Beddall, A. J.; Beddall, A.; Bednyakov, V. A.; Bedognetti, M.; Bee, C. P.; Beemster, L. J.; Beermann, T. A.; Begel, M.; Behr, J. K.; Bell, A. S.; Bella, G.; Bellagamba, L.; Bellerive, A.; Bellomo, M.; Belotskiy, K.; Beltramello, O.; Belyaev, N. L.; Benary, O.; Benchekroun, D.; Bender, M.; Bendtz, K.; Benekos, N.; Benhammou, Y.; Noccioli, E. Benhar; Benitez, J.; Benjamin, D. P.; Bensinger, J. R.; Bentvelsen, S.; Beresford, L.; Beretta, M.; Berge, D.; Kuutmann, E. Bergeaas; Berger, N.; Beringer, J.; Berlendis, S.; Bernard, N. R.; Bernius, C.; Bernlochner, F. U.; Berry, T.; Berta, P.; Bertella, C.; Bertoli, G.; Bertolucci, F.; Bertram, I. A.; Bertsche, C.; Bertsche, D.; Besjes, G. J.; Bylund, O. Bessidskaia; Bessner, M.; Besson, N.; Betancourt, C.; Bethani, A.; Bethke, S.; Bevan, A. J.; Bianchi, R. M.; Bianco, M.; Biebel, O.; Biedermann, D.; Bielski, R.; Biesuz, N. V.; Biglietti, M.; De Mendizabal, J. Bilbao; Billoud, T. R. V.; Bilokon, H.; Bindi, M.; Bingul, A.; Bini, C.; Biondi, S.; Bisanz, T.; Bjergaard, D. M.; Black, C. W.; Black, J. E.; Black, K. M.; Blackburn, D.; Blair, R. E.; Blazek, T.; Bloch, I.; Blocker, C.; Blue, A.; Blum, W.; Blumenschein, U.; Blunier, S.; Bobbink, G. J.; Bobrovnikov, V. S.; Bocchetta, S. S.; Bocci, A.; Bock, C.; Boehler, M.; Boerner, D.; Bogaerts, J. A.; Bogavac, D.; Bogdanchikov, A. G.; Bohm, C.; Boisvert, V.; Bokan, P.; Bold, T.; Boldyrev, A. S.; Bomben, M.; Bona, M.; Boonekamp, M.; Borisov, A.; Borissov, G.; Bortfeldt, J.; Bortoletto, D.; Bortolotto, V.; Bos, K.; Boscherini, D.; Bosman, M.; Sola, J. D. Bossio; Boudreau, J.; Bouffard, J.; Bouhova-Thacker, E. V.; Boumediene, D.; Bourdarios, C.; Boutle, S. K.; Boveia, A.; Boyd, J.; Boyko, I. R.; Bracinik, J.; Brandt, A.; Brandt, G.; Brandt, O.; Bratzler, U.; Brau, B.; Brau, J. E.; Madden, W. D. Breaden; Brendlinger, K.; Brennan, A. J.; Brenner, L.; Brenner, R.; Bressler, S.; Bristow, T. M.; Britton, D.; Britzger, D.; Brochu, F. M.; Brock, I.; Brock, R.; Brooijmans, G.; Brooks, T.; Brooks, W. K.; Brosamer, J.; Brost, E.; Broughton, J. H.; de Renstrom, P. A. Bruckman; Bruncko, D.; Bruneliere, R.; Bruni, A.; Bruni, G.; Bruni, L. S.; Brunt, BH; Bruschi, M.; Bruscino, N.; Bryant, P.; Bryngemark, L.; Buanes, T.; Buat, Q.; Buchholz, P.; Buckley, A. G.; Budagov, I. A.; Buehrer, F.; Bugge, M. K.; Bulekov, O.; Bullock, D.; Burckhart, H.; Burdin, S.; Burgard, C. D.; Burghgrave, B.; Burka, K.; Burke, S.; Burmeister, I.; Burr, J. T. P.; Busato, E.; Büscher, D.; Büscher, V.; Bussey, P.; Butler, J. M.; Buttar, C. M.; Butterworth, J. M.; Butti, P.; Buttinger, W.; Buzatu, A.; Buzykaev, A. R.; Urbán, S. Cabrera; Caforio, D.; Cairo, V. M.; Cakir, O.; Calace, N.; Calafiura, P.; Calandri, A.; Calderini, G.; Calfayan, P.; Callea, G.; Caloba, L. P.; Lopez, S. Calvente; Calvet, D.; Calvet, S.; Calvet, T. P.; Toro, R. Camacho; Camarda, S.; Camarri, P.; Cameron, D.; Armadans, R. Caminal; Camincher, C.; Campana, S.; Campanelli, M.; Camplani, A.; Campoverde, A.; Canale, V.; Canepa, A.; Bret, M. Cano; Cantero, J.; Cao, T.; Garrido, M. D. M. Capeans; Caprini, I.; Caprini, M.; Capua, M.; Carbone, R. M.; Cardarelli, R.; Cardillo, F.; Carli, I.; Carli, T.; Carlino, G.; Carminati, L.; Carney, R. M. D.; Caron, S.; Carquin, E.; Carrillo-Montoya, G. D.; Carter, J. R.; Carvalho, J.; Casadei, D.; Casado, M. P.; Casolino, M.; Casper, D. W.; Castaneda-Miranda, E.; Castelijn, R.; Castelli, A.; Gimenez, V. Castillo; Castro, N. F.; Catinaccio, A.; Catmore, J. R.; Cattai, A.; Caudron, J.; Cavaliere, V.; Cavallaro, E.; Cavalli, D.; Cavalli-Sforza, M.; Cavasinni, V.; Ceradini, F.; Alberich, L. Cerda; Cerqueira, A. S.; Cerri, A.; Cerrito, L.; Cerutti, F.; Cervelli, A.; Cetin, S. A.; Chafaq, A.; Chakraborty, D.; Chan, S. K.; Chan, Y. L.; Chang, P.; Chapman, J. D.; Charlton, D. G.; Chatterjee, A.; Chau, C. C.; Barajas, C. A. Chavez; Che, S.; Cheatham, S.; Chegwidden, A.; Chekanov, S.; Chekulaev, S. V.; Chelkov, G. A.; Chelstowska, M. A.; Chen, C.; Chen, H.; Chen, K.; Chen, S.; Chen, S.; Chen, X.; Chen, Y.; Cheng, H. C.; Cheng, H. J.; Cheng, Y.; Cheplakov, A.; Cheremushkina, E.; El Moursli, R. Cherkaoui; Chernyatin, V.; Cheu, E.; Chevalier, L.; Chiarella, V.; Chiarelli, G.; Chiodini, G.; Chisholm, A. S.; Chitan, A.; Chizhov, M. V.; Choi, K.; Chomont, A. R.; Chouridou, S.; Chow, B. K. B.; Christodoulou, V.; Chromek-Burckhart, D.; Chudoba, J.; Chuinard, A. J.; Chwastowski, J. J.; Chytka, L.; Ciapetti, G.; Ciftci, A. K.; Cinca, D.; Cindro, V.; Cioara, I. A.; Ciocca, C.; Ciocio, A.; Cirotto, F.; Citron, Z. H.; Citterio, M.; Ciubancan, M.; Clark, A.; Clark, B. L.; Clark, M. R.; Clark, P. J.; Clarke, R. N.; Clement, C.; Coadou, Y.; Cobal, M.; Coccaro, A.; Cochran, J.; Colasurdo, L.; Cole, B.; Colijn, A. P.; Collot, J.; Colombo, T.; Compostella, G.; Muiño, P. Conde; Coniavitis, E.; Connell, S. H.; Connelly, I. A.; Consorti, V.; Constantinescu, S.; Conti, G.; Conventi, F.; Cooke, M.; Cooper, B. D.; Cooper-Sarkar, A. M.; Cormier, F.; Cormier, K. J. R.; Cornelissen, T.; Corradi, M.; Corriveau, F.; Cortes-Gonzalez, A.; Cortiana, G.; Costa, G.; Costa, M. J.; Costanzo, D.; Cottin, G.; Cowan, G.; Cox, B. E.; Cranmer, K.; Crawley, S. J.; Cree, G.; Crépé-Renaudin, S.; Crescioli, F.; Cribbs, W. A.; Ortuzar, M. Crispin; Cristinziani, M.; Croft, V.; Crosetti, G.; Cueto, A.; Donszelmann, T. Cuhadar; Cummings, J.; Curatolo, M.; Cúth, J.; Czirr, H.; Czodrowski, P.; D'amen, G.; D'Auria, S.; D'Onofrio, M.; Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa, M. J.; Da Via, C.; Dabrowski, W.; Dado, T.; Dai, T.; Dale, O.; Dallaire, F.; Dallapiccola, C.; Dam, M.; Dandoy, J. R.; Dang, N. P.; Daniells, A. C.; Dann, N. S.; Danninger, M.; Hoffmann, M. Dano; Dao, V.; Darbo, G.; Darmora, S.; Dassoulas, J.; Dattagupta, A.; Davey, W.; David, C.; Davidek, T.; Davies, M.; Davison, P.; Dawe, E.; Dawson, I.; De, K.; de Asmundis, R.; De Benedetti, A.; De Castro, S.; De Cecco, S.; De Groot, N.; de Jong, P.; De la Torre, H.; De Lorenzi, F.; De Maria, A.; De Pedis, D.; De Salvo, A.; De Sanctis, U.; De Santo, A.; De Vivie De Regie, J. B.; Dearnaley, W. J.; Debbe, R.; Debenedetti, C.; Dedovich, D. V.; Dehghanian, N.; Deigaard, I.; Del Gaudio, M.; Del Peso, J.; Del Prete, T.; Delgove, D.; Deliot, F.; Delitzsch, C. M.; Dell'Acqua, A.; Dell'Asta, L.; Dell'Orso, M.; Pietra, M. Della; della Volpe, D.; Delmastro, M.; Delsart, P. A.; DeMarco, D. A.; Demers, S.; Demichev, M.; Demilly, A.; Denisov, S. P.; Denysiuk, D.; Derendarz, D.; Derkaoui, J. E.; Derue, F.; Dervan, P.; Desch, K.; Deterre, C.; Dette, K.; Deviveiros, P. O.; Dewhurst, A.; Dhaliwal, S.; Di Ciaccio, A.; Di Ciaccio, L.; Di Clemente, W. K.; Di Donato, C.; Di Girolamo, A.; Di Girolamo, B.; Di Micco, B.; Di Nardo, R.; Di Simone, A.; Di Sipio, R.; Di Valentino, D.; Diaconu, C.; Diamond, M.; Dias, F. A.; Diaz, M. A.; Diehl, E. B.; Dietrich, J.; Cornell, S. D.´ıez; Dimitrievska, A.; Dingfelder, J.; Dita, P.; Dita, S.; Dittus, F.; Djama, F.; Djobava, T.; Djuvsland, J. I.; do Vale, M. A. B.; Dobos, D.; Dobre, M.; Doglioni, C.; Dolejsi, J.; Dolezal, Z.; Donadelli, M.; Donati, S.; Dondero, P.; Donini, J.; Dopke, J.; Doria, A.; Dova, M. T.; Doyle, A. T.; Drechsler, E.; Dris, M.; Du, Y.; Duarte-Campderros, J.; Duchovni, E.; Duckeck, G.; Ducu, O. A.; Duda, D.; Dudarev, A.; Dudder, A. Chr.; Duffield, E. M.; Duflot, L.; Dührssen, M.; Dumancic, M.; Duncan, A. K.; Dunford, M.; Yildiz, H. Duran; Düren, M.; Durglishvili, A.; Duschinger, D.; Dutta, B.; Dyndal, M.; Eckardt, C.; Ecker, K. M.; Edgar, R. C.; Edwards, N. C.; Eifert, T.; Eigen, G.; Einsweiler, K.; Ekelof, T.; El Kacimi, M.; Ellajosyula, V.; Ellert, M.; Elles, S.; Ellinghaus, F.; Elliot, A. A.; Ellis, N.; Elmsheuser, J.; Elsing, M.; Emeliyanov, D.; Enari, Y.; Endner, O. C.; Ennis, J. S.; Erdmann, J.; Ereditato, A.; Ernis, G.; Ernst, J.; Ernst, M.; Errede, S.; Ertel, E.; Escalier, M.; Esch, H.; Escobar, C.; Esposito, B.; Etienvre, A. I.; Etzion, E.; Evans, H.; Ezhilov, A.; Ezzi, M.; Fabbri, F.; Fabbri, L.; Facini, G.; Fakhrutdinov, R. M.; Falciano, S.; Falla, R. J.; Faltova, J.; Fang, Y.; Fanti, M.; Farbin, A.; Farilla, A.; Farina, C.; Farina, E. M.; Farooque, T.; Farrell, S.; Farrington, S. M.; Farthouat, P.; Fassi, F.; Fassnacht, P.; Fassouliotis, D.; Giannelli, M. 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U.; Mlynarikova, M.; Moa, T.; Mochizuki, K.; Mogg, P.; Mohapatra, S.; Molander, S.; Moles-Valls, R.; Monden, R.; Mondragon, M. C.; Mönig, K.; Monk, J.; Monnier, E.; Montalbano, A.; Berlingen, J. Montejo; Monticelli, F.; Monzani, S.; Moore, R. W.; Morange, N.; Moreno, D.; Llácer, M. Moreno; Morettini, P.; Morgenstern, S.; Mori, D.; Mori, T.; Morii, M.; Morinaga, M.; Morisbak, V.; Moritz, S.; Morley, A. K.; Mornacchi, G.; Morris, J. D.; Mortensen, S. S.; Morvaj, L.; Mosidze, M.; Moss, H. J.; Moss, J.; Motohashi, K.; Mount, R.; Mountricha, E.; Moyse, E. J. W.; Muanza, S.; Mudd, R. D.; Mueller, F.; Mueller, J.; Mueller, R. S. P.; Mueller, T.; Muenstermann, D.; Mullen, P.; Mullier, G. A.; Sanchez, F. J. Munoz; Quijada, J. A. Murillo; Murray, W. J.; Musheghyan, H.; Muškinja, M.; Myagkov, A. G.; Myska, M.; Nachman, B. P.; Nackenhorst, O.; Nagai, K.; Nagai, R.; Nagano, K.; Nagasaka, Y.; Nagata, K.; Nagel, M.; Nagy, E.; Nairz, A. M.; Nakahama, Y.; Nakamura, K.; Nakamura, T.; Nakano, I.; Garcia, R. F. Naranjo; Narayan, R.; Villar, D. I. Narrias; Naryshkin, I.; Naumann, T.; Navarro, G.; Nayyar, R.; Neal, H. A.; Nechaeva, P. Yu.; Neep, T. J.; Negri, A.; Negrini, M.; Nektarijevic, S.; Nellist, C.; Nelson, A.; Nemecek, S.; Nemethy, P.; Nepomuceno, A. A.; Nessi, M.; Neubauer, M. S.; Neumann, M.; Neves, R. M.; Nevski, P.; Newman, P. R.; Nguyen, D. H.; Manh, T. Nguyen; Nickerson, R. B.; Nicolaidou, R.; Nielsen, J.; Nikiforov, A.; Nikolaenko, V.; Nikolic-Audit, I.; Nikolopoulos, K.; Nilsen, J. K.; Nilsson, P.; Ninomiya, Y.; Nisati, A.; Nisius, R.; Nobe, T.; Nomachi, M.; Nomidis, I.; Nooney, T.; Norberg, S.; Nordberg, M.; Norjoharuddeen, N.; Novgorodova, O.; Nowak, S.; Nozaki, M.; Nozka, L.; Ntekas, K.; Nurse, E.; Nuti, F.; O'grady, F.; O'Neil, D. C.; O'Rourke, A. A.; O'Shea, V.; Oakham, F. G.; Oberlack, H.; Obermann, T.; Ocariz, J.; Ochi, A.; Ochoa, I.; Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P.; Oda, S.; Odaka, S.; Ogren, H.; Oh, A.; Oh, S. H.; Ohm, C. C.; Ohman, H.; Oide, H.; Okawa, H.; Okumura, Y.; Okuyama, T.; Olariu, A.; Seabra, L. F. Oleiro; Pino, S. A. Olivares; Damazio, D. Oliveira; Olszewski, A.; Olszowska, J.; Onofre, A.; Onogi, K.; Onyisi, P. U. E.; Oreglia, M. J.; Oren, Y.; Orestano, D.; Orlando, N.; Orr, R. S.; Osculati, B.; Ospanov, R.; Otero y Garzon, G.; Otono, H.; Ouchrif, M.; Ould-Saada, F.; Ouraou, A.; Oussoren, K. P.; Ouyang, Q.; Owen, M.; Owen, R. E.; Ozcan, V. E.; Ozturk, N.; Pachal, K.; Pages, A. Pacheco; Rodriguez, L. Pacheco; Aranda, C. Padilla; Pagáčová, M.; Griso, S. Pagan; Paganini, M.; Paige, F.; Pais, P.; Pajchel, K.; Palacino, G.; Palazzo, S.; Palestini, S.; Palka, M.; Pallin, D.; Panagiotopoulou, E. St.; Panagoulias, I.; Pandini, C. E.; Vazquez, J. G. Panduro; Pani, P.; Panitkin, S.; Pantea, D.; Paolozzi, L.; Papadopoulou, Th. D.; Papageorgiou, K.; Paramonov, A.; Hernandez, D. Paredes; Parker, A. J.; Parker, M. A.; Parker, K. A.; Parodi, F.; Parsons, J. A.; Parzefall, U.; Pascuzzi, V. R.; Pasqualucci, E.; Passaggio, S.; Pastore, Fr.; Pásztor, G.; Pataraia, S.; Pater, J. R.; Pauly, T.; Pearce, J.; Pearson, B.; Pedersen, L. E.; Pedersen, M.; Lopez, S. Pedraza; Pedro, R.; Peleganchuk, S. V.; Penc, O.; Peng, C.; Peng, H.; Penwell, J.; Peralva, B. S.; Perego, M. M.; Perepelitsa, D. V.; Codina, E. Perez; Perini, L.; Pernegger, H.; Perrella, S.; Peschke, R.; Peshekhonov, V. D.; Peters, K.; Peters, R. F. Y.; Petersen, B. A.; Petersen, T. C.; Petit, E.; Petridis, A.; Petridou, C.; Petroff, P.; Petrolo, E.; Petrov, M.; Petrucci, F.; Pettersson, N. E.; Peyaud, A.; Pezoa, R.; Phillips, P. W.; Piacquadio, G.; Pianori, E.; Picazio, A.; Piccaro, E.; Piccinini, M.; Pickering, M. A.; Piegaia, R.; Pilcher, J. E.; Pilkington, A. D.; Pin, A. W. J.; Pinamonti, M.; Pinfold, J. L.; Pingel, A.; Pires, S.; Pirumov, H.; Pitt, M.; Plazak, L.; Pleier, M.-A.; Pleskot, V.; Plotnikova, E.; Pluth, D.; Poettgen, R.; Poggioli, L.; Pohl, D.; Polesello, G.; Poley, A.; Policicchio, A.; Polifka, R.; Polini, A.; Pollard, C. S.; Polychronakos, V.; Pommès, K.; Pontecorvo, L.; Pope, B. G.; Popeneciu, G. A.; Poppleton, A.; Pospisil, S.; Potamianos, K.; Potrap, I. N.; Potter, C. J.; Potter, C. T.; Poulard, G.; Poveda, J.; Pozdnyakov, V.; Astigarraga, M. E. Pozo; Pralavorio, P.; Pranko, A.; Prell, S.; Price, D.; Price, L. E.; Primavera, M.; Prince, S.; Prokofiev, K.; Prokoshin, F.; Protopopescu, S.; Proudfoot, J.; Przybycien, M.; Puddu, D.; Purohit, M.; Puzo, P.; Qian, J.; Qin, G.; Qin, Y.; Quadt, A.; Quayle, W. B.; Queitsch-Maitland, M.; Quilty, D.; Raddum, S.; Radeka, V.; Radescu, V.; Radhakrishnan, S. K.; Radloff, P.; Rados, P.; Ragusa, F.; Rahal, G.; Raine, J. A.; Rajagopalan, S.; Rammensee, M.; Rangel-Smith, C.; Ratti, M. G.; Rauch, D. M.; Rauscher, F.; Rave, S.; Ravenscroft, T.; Ravinovich, I.; Raymond, M.; Read, A. L.; Readioff, N. P.; Reale, M.; Rebuzzi, D. M.; Redelbach, A.; Redlinger, G.; Reece, R.; Reed, R. G.; Reeves, K.; Rehnisch, L.; Reichert, J.; Reiss, A.; Rembser, C.; Ren, H.; Rescigno, M.; Resconi, S.; Rezanova, O. L.; Reznicek, P.; Rezvani, R.; Richter, R.; Richter, S.; Richter-Was, E.; Ricken, O.; Ridel, M.; Rieck, P.; Riegel, C. J.; Rieger, J.; Rifki, O.; Rijssenbeek, M.; Rimoldi, A.; Rimoldi, M.; Rinaldi, L.; Ristić, B.; Ritsch, E.; Riu, I.; Rizatdinova, F.; Rizvi, E.; Rizzi, C.; Robertson, S. H.; Robichaud-Veronneau, A.; Robinson, D.; Robinson, J. E. M.; Robson, A.; Roda, C.; Rodina, Y.; Perez, A. Rodriguez; Rodriguez, D. Rodriguez; Roe, S.; Rogan, C. S.; Røhne, O.; Roloff, J.; Romaniouk, A.; Romano, M.; Saez, S. M. Romano; Adam, E. Romero; Rompotis, N.; Ronzani, M.; Roos, L.; Ros, E.; Rosati, S.; Rosbach, K.; Rose, P.; Rosien, N.-A.; Rossetti, V.; Rossi, E.; Rossi, L. P.; Rosten, J. H. N.; Rosten, R.; Rotaru, M.; Roth, I.; Rothberg, J.; Rousseau, D.; Rozanov, A.; Rozen, Y.; Ruan, X.; Rubbo, F.; Rudolph, M. S.; Rühr, F.; Ruiz-Martinez, A.; Rurikova, Z.; Rusakovich, N. A.; Ruschke, A.; Russell, H. L.; Rutherfoord, J. P.; Ruthmann, N.; Ryabov, Y. F.; Rybar, M.; Rybkin, G.; Ryu, S.; Ryzhov, A.; Rzehorz, G. F.; Saavedra, A. F.; Sabato, G.; Sacerdoti, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F.-W.; Sadykov, R.; Tehrani, F. Safai; Saha, P.; Sahinsoy, M.; Saimpert, M.; Saito, T.; Sakamoto, H.; Sakurai, Y.; Salamanna, G.; Salamon, A.; Loyola, J. E. Salazar; Salek, D.; Sales De Bruin, P. H.; Salihagic, D.; Salnikov, A.; Salt, J.; Salvatore, D.; Salvatore, F.; Salvucci, A.; Salzburger, A.; Sammel, D.; Sampsonidis, D.; Sánchez, J.; Martinez, V. Sanchez; Pineda, A. Sanchez; Sandaker, H.; Sandbach, R. L.; Sandhoff, M.; Sandoval, C.; Sankey, D. P. C.; Sannino, M.; Sansoni, A.; Santoni, C.; Santonico, R.; Santos, H.; Castillo, I. Santoyo; Sapp, K.; Sapronov, A.; Saraiva, J. G.; Sarrazin, B.; Sasaki, O.; Sato, K.; Sauvan, E.; Savage, G.; Savard, P.; Savic, N.; Sawyer, C.; Sawyer, L.; Saxon, J.; Sbarra, C.; Sbrizzi, A.; Scanlon, T.; Scannicchio, D. A.; Scarcella, M.; Scarfone, V.; Schaarschmidt, J.; Schacht, P.; Schachtner, B. M.; Schaefer, D.; Schaefer, L.; Schaefer, R.; Schaeffer, J.; Schaepe, S.; Schaetzel, S.; Schäfer, U.; Schaffer, A. C.; Schaile, D.; Schamberger, R. D.; Scharf, V.; Schegelsky, V. A.; Scheirich, D.; Schernau, M.; Schiavi, C.; Schier, S.; Schillo, C.; Schioppa, M.; Schlenker, S.; Schmidt-Sommerfeld, K. R.; Schmieden, K.; Schmitt, C.; Schmitt, S.; Schmitz, S.; Schneider, B.; Schnoor, U.; Schoeffel, L.; Schoening, A.; Schoenrock, B. D.; Schopf, E.; Schott, M.; Schouwenberg, J. F. P.; Schovancova, J.; Schramm, S.; Schreyer, M.; Schuh, N.; Schulte, A.; Schultens, M. J.; Schultz-Coulon, H.-C.; Schulz, H.; Schumacher, M.; Schumm, B. A.; Schune, Ph.; Schwartzman, A.; Schwarz, T. A.; Schweiger, H.; Schwemling, Ph.; Schwienhorst, R.; Schwindling, J.; Schwindt, T.; Sciolla, G.; Scuri, F.; Scutti, F.; Searcy, J.; Seema, P.; Seidel, S. C.; Seiden, A.; Seifert, F.; Seixas, J. M.; Sekhniaidze, G.; Sekhon, K.; Sekula, S. J.; Seliverstov, D. M.; Semprini-Cesari, N.; Serfon, C.; Serin, L.; Serkin, L.; Sessa, M.; Seuster, R.; Severini, H.; Sfiligoj, T.; Sforza, F.; Sfyrla, A.; Shabalina, E.; Shaikh, N. W.; Shan, L. Y.; Shang, R.; Shank, J. T.; Shapiro, M.; Shatalov, P. B.; Shaw, K.; Shaw, S. M.; Shcherbakova, A.; Shehu, C. Y.; Sherwood, P.; Shi, L.; Shimizu, S.; Shimmin, C. O.; Shimojima, M.; Shirabe, S.; Shiyakova, M.; Shmeleva, A.; Saadi, D. Shoaleh; Shochet, M. J.; Shojaii, S.; Shope, D. R.; Shrestha, S.; Shulga, E.; Shupe, M. A.; Sicho, P.; Sickles, A. M.; Sidebo, P. E.; Haddad, E. Sideras; Sidiropoulou, O.; Sidorov, D.; Sidoti, A.; Siegert, F.; Sijacki, Dj.; Silva, J.; Silverstein, S. B.; Simak, V.; Simic, Lj.; Simion, S.; Simioni, E.; Simmons, B.; Simon, D.; Simon, M.; Sinervo, P.; Sinev, N. B.; Sioli, M.; Siragusa, G.; Sivoklokov, S. Yu.; Sjölin, J.; Skinner, M. B.; Skottowe, H. P.; Skubic, P.; Slater, M.; Slavicek, T.; Slawinska, M.; Sliwa, K.; Slovak, R.; Smakhtin, V.; Smart, B. H.; Smestad, L.; Smiesko, J.; Smirnov, S. Yu.; Smirnov, Y.; Smirnova, L. N.; Smirnova, O.; Smith, J. W.; Smith, M. N. K.; Smith, R. W.; Smizanska, M.; Smolek, K.; Snesarev, A. A.; Snyder, I. M.; Snyder, S.; Sobie, R.; Socher, F.; Soffer, A.; Soh, D. A.; Sokhrannyi, G.; Sanchez, C. A. Solans; Solar, M.; Soldatov, E. Yu.; Soldevila, U.; Solodkov, A. A.; Soloshenko, A.; Solovyanov, O. V.; Solovyev, V.; Sommer, P.; Son, H.; Song, H. Y.; Sood, A.; Sopczak, A.; Sopko, V.; Sorin, V.; Sosa, D.; Sotiropoulou, C. L.; Soualah, R.; Soukharev, A. M.; South, D.; Sowden, B. C.; Spagnolo, S.; Spalla, M.; Spangenberg, M.; Spanò, F.; Sperlich, D.; Spettel, F.; Spighi, R.; Spigo, G.; Spiller, L. A.; Spousta, M.; Denis, R. D. St.; Stabile, A.; Stamen, R.; Stamm, S.; Stanecka, E.; Stanek, R. W.; Stanescu, C.; Stanescu-Bellu, M.; Stanitzki, M. M.; Stapnes, S.; Starchenko, E. A.; Stark, G. H.; Stark, J.; Staroba, P.; Starovoitov, P.; Stärz, S.; Staszewski, R.; Steinberg, P.; Stelzer, B.; Stelzer, H. J.; Stelzer-Chilton, O.; Stenzel, H.; Stewart, G. A.; Stillings, J. A.; Stockton, M. C.; Stoebe, M.; Stoicea, G.; Stolte, P.; Stonjek, S.; Stradling, A. R.; Straessner, A.; Stramaglia, M. E.; Strandberg, J.; Strandberg, S.; Strandlie, A.; Strauss, M.; Strizenec, P.; Ströhmer, R.; Strom, D. M.; Stroynowski, R.; Strubig, A.; Stucci, S. A.; Stugu, B.; Styles, N. A.; Su, D.; Su, J.; Suchek, S.; Sugaya, Y.; Suk, M.; Sulin, V. V.; Sultansoy, S.; Sumida, T.; Sun, S.; Sun, X.; Sundermann, J. E.; Suruliz, K.; Suster, C. J. E.; Sutton, M. R.; Suzuki, S.; Svatos, M.; Swiatlowski, M.; Swift, S. P.; Sykora, I.; Sykora, T.; Ta, D.; Taccini, C.; Tackmann, K.; Taenzer, J.; Taffard, A.; Tafirout, R.; Taiblum, N.; Takai, H.; Takashima, R.; Takeshita, T.; Takubo, Y.; Talby, M.; Talyshev, A. A.; Tan, K. G.; Tanaka, J.; Tanaka, M.; Tanaka, R.; Tanaka, S.; Tanioka, R.; Tannenwald, B. B.; Araya, S. Tapia; Tapprogge, S.; Tarem, S.; Tartarelli, G. F.; Tas, P.; Tasevsky, M.; Tashiro, T.; Tassi, E.; Delgado, A. Tavares; Tayalati, Y.; Taylor, A. C.; Taylor, G. N.; Taylor, P. T. E.; Taylor, W.; Teischinger, F. A.; Teixeira-Dias, P.; Temming, K. K.; Temple, D.; Ten Kate, H.; Teng, P. K.; Teoh, J. J.; Tepel, F.; Terada, S.; Terashi, K.; Terron, J.; Terzo, S.; Testa, M.; Teuscher, R. J.; Theveneaux-Pelzer, T.; Thomas, J. P.; Thomas-Wilsker, J.; Thompson, P. D.; Thompson, A. S.; Thomsen, L. A.; Thomson, E.; Tibbetts, M. J.; Torres, R. E. Ticse; Tikhomirov, V. O.; Tikhonov, Yu. A.; Timoshenko, S.; Tipton, P.; Tisserant, S.; Todome, K.; Todorov, T.; Todorova-Nova, S.; Tojo, J.; Tokár, S.; Tokushuku, K.; Tolley, E.; Tomlinson, L.; Tomoto, M.; Tompkins, L.; Toms, K.; Tong, B.; Tornambe, P.; Torrence, E.; Torres, H.; Pastor, E. Torró; Toth, J.; Touchard, F.; Tovey, D. R.; Trefzger, T.; Tricoli, A.; Trigger, I. M.; Trincaz-Duvoid, S.; Tripiana, M. F.; Trischuk, W.; Trocmé, B.; Trofymov, A.; Troncon, C.; Trottier-McDonald, M.; Trovatelli, M.; Truong, L.; Trzebinski, M.; Trzupek, A.; Tseng, J. C.-L.; Tsiareshka, P. V.; Tsipolitis, G.; Tsirintanis, N.; Tsiskaridze, S.; Tsiskaridze, V.; Tskhadadze, E. G.; Tsui, K. M.; Tsukerman, I. I.; Tsulaia, V.; Tsuno, S.; Tsybychev, D.; Tu, Y.; Tudorache, A.; Tudorache, V.; Tulbure, T. T.; Tuna, A. N.; Tupputi, S. A.; Turchikhin, S.; Turgeman, D.; Cakir, I. Turk; Turra, R.; Tuts, P. M.; Ucchielli, G.; Ueda, I.; Ughetto, M.; Ukegawa, F.; Unal, G.; Undrus, A.; Unel, G.; Ungaro, F. C.; Unno, Y.; Unverdorben, C.; Urban, J.; Urquijo, P.; Urrejola, P.; Usai, G.; Usui, J.; Vacavant, L.; Vacek, V.; Vachon, B.; Valderanis, C.; Santurio, E. Valdes; Valencic, N.; Valentinetti, S.; Valero, A.; Valery, L.; Valkar, S.; Ferrer, J. A. Valls; Van Den Wollenberg, W.; Van Der Deijl, P. C.; van der Graaf, H.; van Eldik, N.; van Gemmeren, P.; Van Nieuwkoop, J.; van Vulpen, I.; van Woerden, M. C.; Vanadia, M.; Vandelli, W.; Vanguri, R.; Vaniachine, A.; Vankov, P.; Vardanyan, G.; Vari, R.; Varnes, E. W.; Varol, T.; Varouchas, D.; Vartapetian, A.; Varvell, K. E.; Vasquez, J. G.; Vasquez, G. A.; Vazeille, F.; Schroeder, T. Vazquez; Veatch, J.; Veeraraghavan, V.; Veloce, L. M.; Veloso, F.; Veneziano, S.; Ventura, A.; Venturi, M.; Venturi, N.; Venturini, A.; Vercesi, V.; Verducci, M.; Verkerke, W.; Vermeulen, J. C.; Vest, A.; Vetterli, M. C.; Viazlo, O.; Vichou, I.; Vickey, T.; Boeriu, O. E. Vickey; Viehhauser, G. H. A.; Viel, S.; Vigani, L.; Villa, M.; Perez, M. Villaplana; Vilucchi, E.; Vincter, M. G.; Vinogradov, V. B.; Vittori, C.; Vivarelli, I.; Vlachos, S.; Vlasak, M.; Vogel, M.; Vokac, P.; Volpi, G.; Volpi, M.; von der Schmitt, H.; von Toerne, E.; Vorobel, V.; Vorobev, K.; Vos, M.; Voss, R.; Vossebeld, J. H.; Vranjes, N.; Milosavljevic, M. Vranjes; Vrba, V.; Vreeswijk, M.; Vuillermet, R.; Vukotic, I.; Wagner, P.; Wagner, W.; Wahlberg, H.; Wahrmund, S.; Wakabayashi, J.; Walder, J.; Walker, R.; Walkowiak, W.; Wallangen, V.; Wang, C.; Wang, C.; Wang, F.; Wang, H.; Wang, H.; Wang, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, K.; Wang, R.; Wang, S. M.; Wang, T.; Wang, T.; Wang, W.; Wanotayaroj, C.; Warburton, A.; Ward, C. P.; Wardrope, D. R.; Washbrook, A.; Watkins, P. M.; Watson, A. T.; Watson, M. F.; Watts, G.; Watts, S.; Waugh, B. M.; Webb, S.; Weber, M. S.; Weber, S. W.; Weber, S. A.; Webster, J. S.; Weidberg, A. R.; Weinert, B.; Weingarten, J.; Weiser, C.; Weits, H.; Wells, P. S.; Wenaus, T.; Wengler, T.; Wenig, S.; Wermes, N.; Werner, M. D.; Werner, P.; Wessels, M.; Wetter, J.; Whalen, K.; Whallon, N. L.; Wharton, A. M.; White, A.; White, M. J.; White, R.; Whiteson, D.; Wickens, F. J.; Wiedenmann, W.; Wielers, M.; Wiglesworth, C.; Wiik-Fuchs, L. A. M.; Wildauer, A.; Wilk, F.; Wilkens, H. G.; Williams, H. H.; Williams, S.; Willis, C.; Willocq, S.; Wilson, J. A.; Wingerter-Seez, I.; Winklmeier, F.; Winston, O. J.; Winter, B. T.; Wittgen, M.; Wolf, T. M. H.; Wolff, R.; Wolter, M. W.; Wolters, H.; Worm, S. D.; Wosiek, B. K.; Wotschack, J.; Woudstra, M. J.; Wozniak, K. W.; Wu, M.; Wu, M.; Wu, S. L.; Wu, X.; Wu, Y.; Wyatt, T. R.; Wynne, B. M.; Xella, S.; Xi, Z.; Xu, D.; Xu, L.; Yabsley, B.; Yacoob, S.; Yamaguchi, D.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Yamamoto, A.; Yamamoto, S.; Yamanaka, T.; Yamauchi, K.; Yamazaki, Y.; Yan, Z.; Yang, H.; Yang, H.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Z.; Yao, W.-M.; Yap, Y. C.; Yasu, Y.; Yatsenko, E.; Wong, K. H. Yau; Ye, J.; Ye, S.; Yeletskikh, I.; Yildirim, E.; Yorita, K.; Yoshida, R.; Yoshihara, K.; Young, C.; Young, C. J. S.; Youssef, S.; Yu, D. R.; Yu, J.; Yu, J. M.; Yu, J.; Yuan, L.; Yuen, S. P. Y.; Yusuff, I.; Zabinski, B.; Zaidan, R.; Zaitsev, A. M.; Zakharchuk, N.; Zalieckas, J.; Zaman, A.; Zambito, S.; Zanello, L.; Zanzi, D.; Zeitnitz, C.; Zeman, M.; Zemla, A.; Zeng, J. C.; Zeng, Q.; Zenin, O.; Ženiš, T.; Zerwas, D.; Zhang, D.; Zhang, F.; Zhang, G.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, M.; Zhang, R.; Zhang, R.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, X.; Zhao, Y.; Zhao, Z.; Zhemchugov, A.; Zhong, J.; Zhou, B.; Zhou, C.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, M.; Zhou, N.; Zhu, C. G.; Zhu, H.; Zhu, J.; Zhu, Y.; Zhuang, X.; Zhukov, K.; Zibell, A.; Zieminska, D.; Zimine, N. I.; Zimmermann, C.; Zimmermann, S.; Zinonos, Z.; Zinser, M.; Ziolkowski, M.; Živković, L.; Zobernig, G.; Zoccoli, A.; zur Nedden, M.; Zwalinski, L.

    2017-09-01

    The top-quark mass is measured in the all-hadronic top-antitop quark decay channel using proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The data set used in the analysis corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20 .2 fb-1. The large multi-jet background is modelled using a data-driven method. The top-quark mass is obtained from template fits to the ratio of the three-jet to the dijet mass. The three-jet mass is obtained from the three jets assigned to the top quark decay. From these three jets the dijet mass is obtained using the two jets assigned to the W boson decay. The top-quark mass is measured to be 173 .72 ± 0 .55 (stat .) ± 1 .01 (syst .) GeV. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

  16. Top-quark mass measurement in the all-hadronic $$ t\\overline{t} $$ decay channel at $$ \\sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Aaboud, M.; Aad, G.; Abbott, B.

    The top-quark mass is measured in the all-hadronic top-antitop quark decay channel using proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The data set used in the analysis corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb -1 . The large multi-jet background is modelled using a data-driven method. We obtained the top-quark mass from template fits to the ratio of the three-jet to the dijet mass. The three-jet mass is obtained from the three jets assigned to the top quark decay. And from these three jets the dijet massmore » is obtained using the two jets assigned to the W boson decay. The top-quark mass is measured to be 173.72 ± 0.55 (stat.) ± 1.01 (syst.) GeV.« less

  17. The 1977 WARC on broadcasting satellites - Spectrum management aspects and implications

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gould, R. G.; Reinhart, E. E.

    1977-01-01

    Broadcasting satellites are allocated as a primary service in the band 11.7-12.2 GHz (11.7-12.5 GHz in Europe, Africa, and the USSR), but the band is also allocated on a primary basis (equal sharing) to other services - fixed, mobile, broadcasting, and fixed satellite. Presented with these difficult sharing situations, delegates from over 100 countries met at an ITU World Administrative Radio Conference in 1977 to develop a plan for broadcasting satellites. Many nations wanted a plan that would assign to them now, reserved orbital locations and channel asignments for their future use. Other countries wanted a plan adopted now for future broadcasting satellites which assigned specific channels to specific areas on the ground so that they could use the remaining frequencies to provide terrestrial service right away. This paper describes the 'Plan' developed at the conference and points out how the principles of spectrum management were employed. It also discusses the implications for future international management of the spectrum growing out of this meeting.

  18. Top-quark mass measurement in the all-hadronic $$ t\\overline{t} $$ decay channel at $$ \\sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

    DOE PAGES

    Aaboud, M.; Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; ...

    2017-09-25

    The top-quark mass is measured in the all-hadronic top-antitop quark decay channel using proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The data set used in the analysis corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb -1 . The large multi-jet background is modelled using a data-driven method. We obtained the top-quark mass from template fits to the ratio of the three-jet to the dijet mass. The three-jet mass is obtained from the three jets assigned to the top quark decay. And from these three jets the dijet massmore » is obtained using the two jets assigned to the W boson decay. The top-quark mass is measured to be 173.72 ± 0.55 (stat.) ± 1.01 (syst.) GeV.« less

  19. A 12 GHz satellite video receiver: Low noise, low cost prototype model for TV reception from broadcast satellites

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hreha, M. A.; Baprawski, J. G.; Chamaneria, C. N.; Ferry, S. J.; Keithly, G.; Kuklin, H. S.; Lockyear, W. H.; Schifter, L. H.; Swanberg, N. E.; Swift, G. W.

    1978-01-01

    A 12-channel synchronous phase lock video receiver consisting of an outdoor downconverter unit and an indoor demodulator unit was developed to provide both low noise performance and low cost in production quantities of 1000 units. The prototype receiver can be mass produced at a cost under $1540 without sacrificing system performance. The receiver also has the capability of selecting any of the twelve assigned satellite broadcast channels in the frequency range 11.7 to 12.2 GHz.

  20. Valuing Diversity

    PubMed Central

    Fryer, Roland G.; Loury, Glenn C.

    2014-01-01

    This paper explores the economics of diversity-enhancing policies. A model is proposed in which heterogeneous agents, distinguished by skill level and social identity, purchase productive opportunities in a competitive market. We analyze policies designed to raise the status of a disadvantaged identity group. When agent identity is contractible, efficient policy grants preferred access to slots but offers no direct assistance for acquiring skills. When identity is not contractible, efficient policy provides universal subsidies to skill development when the fraction of the disadvantaged group at the skill development margin is larger than their share at the slot assignment margin. PMID:25525280

  1. Transfer of nonclassical features in quantum teleportation via a mixed quantum channel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Jinhyoung; Kim, M. S.; Jeong, Hyunseok

    2000-09-01

    Quantum teleportation of a continuous-variable state is studied for the quantum channel of a two-mode squeezed vacuum influenced by a thermal environment. Each mode of the squeezed vacuum is assumed to undergo the same thermal influence. It is found that when the mixed two-mode squeezed vacuum for the quantum channel is separable, any nonclassical features, which may be imposed in an original unknown state, cannot be transferred to a receiving station. A two-mode Gaussian state, one of which is a mixed two-mode squeezed vacuum, is separable if and only if a positive well-defined P function can be assigned to it. The fidelity of teleportation is considered in terms of the noise factor given by the imperfect channel. It is found that quantum teleportation may give more noise than direct transmission of a field under the thermal environment, which is due to the fragile nature of quantum entanglement of the quantum channel.

  2. Reworking of Cretaceous dinosaurs into Paleocene channel deposits, upper Hell Creek Formation, Montana

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lofgren, D.L.; Hotton, C.L.; Runkel, A.C.

    1990-09-01

    Dinosaur teeth from Paleocene channel fills have been interpreted as indicating dinosaur survival into the Paleocene. However, enormous potential for reworking exists because these records are restricted to large channel fills that are deeply incised into Cretaceous strata. Identification of reworked fossils is usually equivocal. This problem is illustrated by the Black Spring Coulee channel fill, a dinosaur-bearing Paleocene deposit in the upper Hell Creek Formation of eastern Montana. In this example, the reworked nature of well-preserved dinosaur bones is apparent only after detailed sedimentological and palynological analysis. Because of the potential for reworking, dinosaur remains derived from Paleocene fluvialmore » deposits should not be assigned a Paleocene age unless the (1) are found in floodplain deposits, (2) are articulated, (3) are in channels that do not incise Cretaceous strata, or (4) are demonstrably reworked from Paleocene deposits. To date, reports of Paleocene dinosaurs do not fulfill any of these criteria. Thus, the proposal that dinosaurs persisted into the Paleocene remains unsubstantiated.« less

  3. Auditing the Assignments of Top-Level Semantic Types in the UMLS Semantic Network to UMLS Concepts

    PubMed Central

    He, Zhe; Perl, Yehoshua; Elhanan, Gai; Chen, Yan; Geller, James; Bian, Jiang

    2018-01-01

    The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is an important terminological system. By the policy of its curators, each concept of the UMLS should be assigned the most specific Semantic Types (STs) in the UMLS Semantic Network (SN). Hence, the Semantic Types of most UMLS concepts are assigned at or near the bottom (leaves) of the UMLS Semantic Network. While most ST assignments are correct, some errors do occur. Therefore, Quality Assurance efforts of UMLS curators for ST assignments should concentrate on automatically detected sets of UMLS concepts with higher error rates than random sets. In this paper, we investigate the assignments of top-level semantic types in the UMLS semantic network to concepts, identify potential erroneous assignments, define four categories of errors, and thus provide assistance to curators of the UMLS to avoid these assignments errors. Human experts analyzed samples of concepts assigned 10 of the top-level semantic types and categorized the erroneous ST assignments into these four logical categories. Two thirds of the concepts assigned these 10 top-level semantic types are erroneous. Our results demonstrate that reviewing top-level semantic type assignments to concepts provides an effective way for UMLS quality assurance, comparing to reviewing a random selection of semantic type assignments. PMID:29375930

  4. Auditing the Assignments of Top-Level Semantic Types in the UMLS Semantic Network to UMLS Concepts.

    PubMed

    He, Zhe; Perl, Yehoshua; Elhanan, Gai; Chen, Yan; Geller, James; Bian, Jiang

    2017-11-01

    The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is an important terminological system. By the policy of its curators, each concept of the UMLS should be assigned the most specific Semantic Types (STs) in the UMLS Semantic Network (SN). Hence, the Semantic Types of most UMLS concepts are assigned at or near the bottom (leaves) of the UMLS Semantic Network. While most ST assignments are correct, some errors do occur. Therefore, Quality Assurance efforts of UMLS curators for ST assignments should concentrate on automatically detected sets of UMLS concepts with higher error rates than random sets. In this paper, we investigate the assignments of top-level semantic types in the UMLS semantic network to concepts, identify potential erroneous assignments, define four categories of errors, and thus provide assistance to curators of the UMLS to avoid these assignments errors. Human experts analyzed samples of concepts assigned 10 of the top-level semantic types and categorized the erroneous ST assignments into these four logical categories. Two thirds of the concepts assigned these 10 top-level semantic types are erroneous. Our results demonstrate that reviewing top-level semantic type assignments to concepts provides an effective way for UMLS quality assurance, comparing to reviewing a random selection of semantic type assignments.

  5. Prototype architecture for a VLSI level zero processing system. [Space Station Freedom

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Shi, Jianfei; Grebowsky, Gerald J.; Horner, Ward P.; Chesney, James R.

    1989-01-01

    The prototype architecture and implementation of a high-speed level zero processing (LZP) system are discussed. Due to the new processing algorithm and VLSI technology, the prototype LZP system features compact size, low cost, high processing throughput, and easy maintainability and increased reliability. Though extensive control functions have been done by hardware, the programmability of processing tasks makes it possible to adapt the system to different data formats and processing requirements. It is noted that the LZP system can handle up to 8 virtual channels and 24 sources with combined data volume of 15 Gbytes per orbit. For greater demands, multiple LZP systems can be configured in parallel, each called a processing channel and assigned a subset of virtual channels. The telemetry data stream will be steered into different processing channels in accordance with their virtual channel IDs. This super system can cope with a virtually unlimited number of virtual channels and sources. In the near future, it is expected that new disk farms with data rate exceeding 150 Mbps will be available from commercial vendors due to the advance in disk drive technology.

  6. 78 FR 63263 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The Options Clearing Corporation; Order Approving Proposed Rule...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-23

    ... Adopted Under Rule 205 Entitled ``Back-Up Communication Channel to Internet Access'' October 17, 2013. I... ``Back-up Communication Channel to Internet Access'' requiring clearing members that use the internet as... Policy Statement under Rule 205 requiring clearing members that primarily use the internet to access OCC...

  7. 33 CFR 209.325 - Navigation lights, aids to navigation, navigation charts, and related data policy, practices and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE...), will report the channel conditions promptly, using standard tabular forms, to: Director, Defense... operations in important channels in tidal waters—either in progress and not already reported, or soon to be...

  8. Multi Objective Decision Analysis for Assignment Problems

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-03-01

    needed data or try to get data from related databases. 2.3.8 Deterministic Analysis In order to determine an overall score for each...The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Turkish Air...DECISION ANALYSIS FOR ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS THESIS Presented to the Faculty Department of Operational Sciences Graduate School of

  9. NNSA Program Develops the Next Generation of Nuclear Security Experts

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Brim, Cornelia P.; Disney, Maren V.

    2015-09-02

    NNSA is fostering the next generation of nuclear security experts is through its successful NNSA Graduate Fellowship Program (NGFP). NGFP offers its Fellows an exceptional career development opportunity through hands-on experience supporting NNSA mission areas across policy and technology disciplines. The one-year assignments give tomorrow’s leaders in global nuclear security and nonproliferation unparalleled exposure through assignments to Program Offices across NNSA.

  10. From Natural Variation to Optimal Policy? The Lucas Critique Meets Peer Effects. NBER Working Paper No. 16865

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Carrell, Scott E.; Sacerdote, Bruce I.; West, James E.

    2011-01-01

    We take cohorts of entering freshmen at the United States Air Force Academy and assign half to peer groups with the goal of maximizing the academic performance of the lowest ability students. Our assignment algorithm uses peer effects estimates from the observational data. We find a negative and significant treatment effect for the students we…

  11. Failure to Launch?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Asquith, Christina

    2006-01-01

    When reporters from the Arabic news channel Aljazeera International traveled on assignment to Crosby, North Dakota, they did not receive a warm welcome from locals. Instead, someone called the sheriff, who then reported possible terrorist activity to the U.S. Border Patrol. After a brief interrogation, agents confirmed that they were American…

  12. Organizing Schools to Improve Student Achievement: Start Times, Grade Configurations, and Teacher Assignments. Discussion Paper 2011-08

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jacob, Brian A.; Rockoff, Jonah E.

    2011-01-01

    Education reform proposals are often based on high-profile or dramatic policy changes, many of which are expensive, politically controversial, or both. In this paper, we argue that the debates over these "flashy" policies have obscured a potentially important direction for raising student performance--namely, reforms to the management or…

  13. Introducing Undergraduates to the Role of Science in Public Policy and in the Service of the Community

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hosten, Charles M.; Talanova, Galina; Lipkowitz, Kenny B.

    2011-01-01

    We describe the modifications to an instrumental analysis course which incorporated the link between science and public policy. This course combines classroom lectures, project based labs, and a writing assignment. The project based labs have a focus on health and environmental issues directly involving the local community, while the writing…

  14. Institutions and Intellectual Property: The Influence of Institutional Forces on University Patenting

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dai, Yixin; Popp, David; Bretschneider, Stuart

    2005-01-01

    Over the past 20 years, the number of patents assigned to universities has increased dramatically. This increase coincided with several policy initiatives, such as the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, designed to foster technology transfer between universities and the private sector. This paper examines the effect of such policies using an institutional…

  15. Bumpy Path into a Profession: What California's Beginning Teachers Experience. Policy Brief 14-2

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Koppich, Julia E.; Humphrey, Daniel C.

    2014-01-01

    In California as elsewhere, state policy anticipates that aspiring teachers will follow a uniform, multistep path into the profession. It assumes they will complete a preparation program and earn a preliminary credential, take a teaching job and be assigned probationary status, complete a two-year induction program (the Beginning Teacher Support…

  16. 76 FR 42574 - Policies To Promote Rural Radio Service and To Streamline Allotment and Assignment Procedures

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-19

    ... FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 47 CFR Parts 73 and 74 [MB Docket No. 09-52; FCC 11-28] Policies..., the information collection requirements contained in 47 CFR 73.7000, FCC Forms 301 and 340 and the AM Auction Section 307(b) Submissions. The information collection requirements were approved on July 5, 2011...

  17. 32 CFR 250.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... UNCLASSIFIED TECHNICAL DATA FROM PUBLIC DISCLOSURE § 250.1 Purpose. This part establishes policy, prescribes procedures, and assigns responsibilities for the dissemination and withholding of technical data. ...

  18. 32 CFR 250.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... UNCLASSIFIED TECHNICAL DATA FROM PUBLIC DISCLOSURE § 250.1 Purpose. This part establishes policy, prescribes procedures, and assigns responsibilities for the dissemination and withholding of technical data. ...

  19. 32 CFR 250.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... UNCLASSIFIED TECHNICAL DATA FROM PUBLIC DISCLOSURE § 250.1 Purpose. This part establishes policy, prescribes procedures, and assigns responsibilities for the dissemination and withholding of technical data. ...

  20. 32 CFR 250.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... UNCLASSIFIED TECHNICAL DATA FROM PUBLIC DISCLOSURE § 250.1 Purpose. This part establishes policy, prescribes procedures, and assigns responsibilities for the dissemination and withholding of technical data. ...

  1. 32 CFR 250.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... UNCLASSIFIED TECHNICAL DATA FROM PUBLIC DISCLOSURE § 250.1 Purpose. This part establishes policy, prescribes procedures, and assigns responsibilities for the dissemination and withholding of technical data. ...

  2. Competing with big business: a randomised experiment testing the effects of messages to promote alcohol and sugary drink control policy.

    PubMed

    Scully, Maree; Brennan, Emily; Durkin, Sarah; Dixon, Helen; Wakefield, Melanie; Barry, Colleen L; Niederdeppe, Jeff

    2017-12-28

    Evidence-based policies encouraging healthy behaviours are often strongly opposed by well-funded industry groups. As public support is crucial for policy change, public health advocates need to be equipped with strategies to offset the impact of anti-policy messages. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of theory-based public health advocacy messages in generating public support for sugary drink/alcohol policies (increased taxes; sport sponsorship bans) and improving resistance to subsequent anti-policy messages typical of the sugary drink/alcohol industry. We conducted a two-wave randomised online experiment assigning Australian adults to one of four health policies (sugary drink tax; sugary drink industry sports sponsorship ban; alcohol tax; alcohol industry sports sponsorship ban). Within each health policy, we randomised participants to one of five message conditions: (i) non-advocacy based message about the size and seriousness of the relevant health issue (control); (ii) standard pro-policy arguments alone; (iii) standard pro-policy arguments combined with an inoculation message (forewarning and directly refuting anti-policy arguments from the opposition); (iv) standard pro-policy arguments combined with a narrative message (a short, personal story about an individual's experience of the health issue); or (v) standard pro-policy arguments combined with a composite inoculation and narrative message. At time 1, we exposed participants (n = 6000) to their randomly assigned message. Around two weeks later, we re-contacted participants (n = 3285) and exposed them to an anti-policy message described as being from a representative of the sugary drink/alcohol industry. Generalised linear models tested for differences between conditions in policy support and anti-industry beliefs at both time points. Only the standard argument plus narrative message increased policy support relative to control at time 1. The standard argument plus narrative and standard argument plus inoculation messages were effective at increasing resistance to the persuasive impact of anti-policy messages relative to control at time 2. Dissemination of advocacy messages using inoculation or narrative components can help strengthen public resistance to subsequent anti-policy messages from industry groups.

  3. 76 FR 28843 - Meeting of Advisory Committee on International Communications and Information Policy

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-18

    ... channel for regular consultation and coordination on major economic, social and legal issues and problems in international communications and information policy, especially as these issues and problems... the building. Personal data is requested pursuant to Pub. L. 99-399 (Omnibus Diplomatic Security and...

  4. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (79th, Anaheim, CA, August 10-13, 1996). Communication Technology and Policy Division.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.

    The communication technology and policy section of the Proceedings contains the following 11 papers: "The Battle for the Net Frontier: Technology and Policy in an Age of Hype and Sensationalism" (Jan H. Samoriski); "Uses and Gratifications of the World Wide Web" (Barbara K. Kaye); "Comparing Consumer Feedback Channels:…

  5. Consistent assignment of nurse aides: association with turnover and absenteeism.

    PubMed

    Castle, Nicholas G

    2013-01-01

    Consistent assignment refers to the same caregivers consistently caring for the same residents almost every time caregivers are on duty. This article examines the association of consistent assignment of nurse aides with turnover and absenteeism. Data came from a survey of nursing home administrators, the Online Survey Certification and Reporting data, and the Area Resource File. The measures were from 2007 and came from 3,941 nursing homes. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine turnover and absenteeism. An average of 68% of nursing homes reported using consistent assignment, with 28% of nursing homes using nurse aides consistent assignment at the often recommended level of 85% (or more). Nursing homes using recommended levels of consistent assignment had significantly lower rates of turnover and of absenteeism. In the multivariate analyses, consistent assignment was significantly associated with both lower turnover and lower absenteeism (p < .01). Consistent assignment is a practice recommended by many policy makers, government agencies, and industry advocates. The findings presented here provide some evidence that the use of this staffing practice can be beneficial.

  6. Symmetric reconfigurable capacity assignment in a bidirectional DWDM access network.

    PubMed

    Ortega, Beatriz; Mora, José; Puerto, Gustavo; Capmany, José

    2007-12-10

    This paper presents a novel architecture for DWDM bidirectional access networks providing symmetric dynamic capacity allocation for both downlink and uplink signals. A foldback arrayed waveguide grating incorporating an optical switch enables the experimental demonstration of flexible assignment of multiservice capacity. Different analog and digital services, such as CATV, 10 GHz-tone, 155Mb/s PRBS and UMTS signals have been transmitted in order to successfully test the system performance under different scenarios of total capacity distribution from the Central Station to different Base Stations with two reconfigurable extra channels for each down and upstream direction.

  7. 33 CFR 401.64 - Calling in.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., intending to transit or in transit, shall report on the assigned frequency to the designated Seaway station... more, shall be reported to the appropriate Seaway station. (c) A downbound vessel in St. Lambert Lock shall switch to channel 10 (156.5 MHz) for a traffic report from Montreal Vessel Traffic Management...

  8. 33 CFR 401.64 - Calling in.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., intending to transit or in transit, shall report on the assigned frequency to the designated Seaway station... more, shall be reported to the appropriate Seaway station. (c) A downbound vessel in St. Lambert Lock shall switch to channel 10 (156.5 MHz) for a traffic report from Montreal Vessel Traffic Management...

  9. Using the Web to Market Your Schools.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Carr, Nora

    2001-01-01

    With careful planning and a strategic focus, today's technology can greatly enhance a district's marketing efforts. Websites can offer features such as interactive school assignment (based on home address), ability to check student progress, education portals (24-hour news channels), one-to-one communication, and interactive voice responses. (MLH)

  10. 47 CFR 90.631 - Trunked systems loading, construction and authorization requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES PRIVATE LAND MOBILE RADIO SERVICES Regulations Governing Licensing and... Processing of Applications and the Selection and Assignment of Frequencies for Use in the 806-824 Mhz, 851... one hundred (100) mobile stations per channel. For purposes of determining compliance with trunked...

  11. Introducing the Action Potential to Psychology Students

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Simon-Dack, Stephanie L.

    2014-01-01

    For this simple active learning technique for teaching, students are assigned "roles" and act out the process of the action potential (AP), including the firing threshold, ion-specific channels for ions to enter and leave the cell, diffusion, and the refractory period. Pre-post test results indicated that students demonstrated increased…

  12. 47 CFR 90.355 - LMS operations below 512 MHz.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... PRIVATE LAND MOBILE RADIO SERVICES Intelligent Transportation Systems Radio Service § 90.355 LMS... LMS station and the nearest co-channel base station of another licensee operating a voice system is 75... MHz, 150-170 MHz, and 450-512 MHz bands may use either base-mobile frequencies currently assigned the...

  13. Empathy Based on Gender in Dissertations Submitted in Turkey: A Meta-Analysis Study

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Demir, Yasin; Atli, Abdullah; Kis, Ali

    2016-01-01

    Problem Statement: Today, where the relationships among people have increased and concentrated, maintaining powerful communication channels with the individual(s) is significant for conducting healthy and sustainable relationships with others. Social roles assigned to gender and physiological differences determine the understanding of individuals…

  14. 47 CFR 73.3573 - Processing FM broadcast station applications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... FM broadcast station applications. (a) Applications for FM broadcast stations are divided into two... community of license or any change in frequency other than to a first-, second-, or third-adjacent channel... frequency or community of license which is not in accord with its current assignment, except for the...

  15. 47 CFR 73.3573 - Processing FM broadcast station applications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... FM broadcast station applications. (a) Applications for FM broadcast stations are divided into two... community of license or any change in frequency other than to a first-, second-, or third-adjacent channel... frequency or community of license which is not in accord with its current assignment, except for the...

  16. 47 CFR 73.3573 - Processing FM broadcast station applications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... FM broadcast station applications. (a) Applications for FM broadcast stations are divided into two... community of license or any change in frequency other than to a first-, second-, or third-adjacent channel... frequency or community of license which is not in accord with its current assignment, except for the...

  17. 47 CFR 74.402 - Frequency assignment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... to operate. However, it is not necessary that each transmitter within a system be equipped to operate... shall be in accordance with the “priority of use” provisions in § 74.403(b)). The channel will be... condition that no harmful interference is caused to stations operating in accordance with the Table of...

  18. 47 CFR 74.1283 - Station identification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., AUXILIARY, SPECIAL BROADCAST AND OTHER PROGRAM DISTRIBUTIONAL SERVICES FM Broadcast Translator Stations and... translator station will consist of the initial letter K or W followed by the channel number assigned to the translator and two letters. The use of the initial letter will generally conform to the pattern used in the...

  19. Coordination Without Borders Assigning US Military Officers to NGO World Headquarters: Rhetoric and Reality

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-05-21

    Freedom). The DoD has executed a ―go it alone‖ policy, i.e. US military forces have had to make the peace, resolve the issues and operationally manage ...rank or grade structures, assignment locations, career impacts, tour lengths, rating chains and position funding are issues the US military must...contrasts NGO operations when confronted with military commanders who manage ―battle space.‖ 14

  20. Space Station engineering and technology development

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1985-01-01

    Historical background, costs, organizational assignments, technology development, user requirements, mission evolution, systems analyses and design, systems engineering and integration, contracting, and policies of the space station are discussed.

  1. Validation of Rational Deterrence Theory: Analysis of U.S. Government and Adversary Risk Propensity and Relative Emphasis on Gain or Loss

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-03-01

    policy (Achen & Snidal, 1989). Huth and Russett (1984) emphasize : “if we do not know how deterrence works when it is most needed, policies assigned...application of deterrence to U.S. adversaries in these policies. Analysis of risk propensity and relative emphases on loss/gain of those actors...research, the strategic environment. Evidence of such assessment may reflect an adversary’s risk propensities and relative emphases on loss/gain; however

  2. Removing the Rose Colored Glasses: Exploring Modern Security Environment’s Effect on the Army Assignment Policy for Women

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-06-12

    OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE General Studies by KAREN J. DILL, MAJ, USA M.A.E.D., University of Phoenix , Hampton, Virginia, 2005 B.A...policy areas or gaps that require clarification or revision in light of the 21st century security environment and the changes in Army structure, doctrine...researcher identified policy gaps by determining how verbiage is understood in light of the modern OE and Army organization and tactics changes. The

  3. Core concepts of human rights and inclusion of vulnerable groups in the mental health policies of Malawi, Namibia, and Sudan

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Background One of the most crucial steps towards delivering judicious and comprehensive mental health care is the formulation of a policy and plan that will navigate mental health systems. For policy-makers, the challenges of a high-quality mental health system are considerable: the provision of mental health services to all who need them, in an equitable way, in a mode that promotes human rights and health outcomes. Method EquiFrame, a novel policy analysis framework, was used to evaluate the mental health policies of Malawi, Namibia, and Sudan. The health policies were assessed in terms of their coverage of 21 predefined Core Concepts of human rights (Core Concept Coverage), their stated quality of commitment to said Core Concepts (Core Concept Quality), and their inclusion of 12 Vulnerable Groups (Vulnerable Group Coverage). In relation to these summary indices, each policy was also assigned an Overall Summary Ranking, in terms of it being of High, Moderate, or Low quality. Results Substantial variability was identified across EquiFrame’s summary indices for the mental health policies of Malawi, Namibia, and Sudan. However, all three mental health policies scored high on Core Concept Coverage. Particularly noteworthy was the Sudanese policy, which scored 86% on Core Concept Coverage, and 92% on Vulnerable Group Coverage. Particular deficits were evident in the Malawian mental health policy, which scored 33% on Vulnerable Group Coverage and 47% on Core Concept Quality, and was assigned an Overall Summary Ranking of Low accordingly. The Overall Summary Ranking for the Namibian Mental Health Policy was High; for the Sudanese Mental Health Policy was Moderate; and for the Malawian Mental Health Policy was Low. Conclusions If human rights and equity underpin policy formation, it is more likely that they will be inculcated in health service delivery. EquiFrame may provide a novel and valuable tool for mental health policy analysis in relation to core concepts of human rights and inclusion of vulnerable groups, a key practical step in the successful realization of the Millennium Development Goals. PMID:23406583

  4. Effects of Classroom Technology Policies on Students' Perceptions of Instructors: What Is Your Syllabus Saying about You?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stowell, Jeffrey R.; Addison, William E.; Clay, Samuel L.

    2018-01-01

    The technology policies included on instructors' syllabi vary greatly and, in some cases, may unfavorably influence students' perceptions of the instructor. To examine this hypothesis, we randomly assigned college students enrolled in psychology courses at two different institutions (N = 163) to groups in which they viewed different syllabi for a…

  5. Does School Policy Affect Housing Choices? Evidence from the End of Desegregation in Charlotte-Mecklenburg

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Liebowitz, David D.; Page, Lindsay C.

    2014-01-01

    We examine whether the legal decision to grant unitary status to the Charlotte-Mecklenburg school district, which led to the end of race-conscious student assignment policies, increased the probability that families with children enrolled in the district would move to neighborhoods with a greater proportion of student residents of the same race as…

  6. 75 FR 44063 - Designation of the National Science and Technology Council to Coordinate Certain Activities Under...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-28

    ... Activities Under the Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984 Memorandum for the Director of the Office of... of the United States, including the Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984 (Title I of Public Law 98...) responsibility to coordinate activities assigned in sections 107 and 108 of the Act to the Interagency Arctic...

  7. Can Child Care Assistance in Welfare and Employment Programs Support the Employment of Low-Income Families?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gennetian, Lisa A.; Crosby, Danielle A.; Huston, Aletha C.; Lowe, Edward D.

    2004-01-01

    Policymakers have long recognized child care as a key ingredient in low-income parents' employability. We examine the effects of expansions in child care policies that were bundled with a mix of employment-related policies and implemented as part of several random assignment studies on families' child care access and cost. Almost all of these…

  8. Balance billing under Medicare: protecting beneficiaries and preserving physician participation.

    PubMed

    Colby, D C; Rice, T; Bernstein, J; Nelson, L

    1995-01-01

    Medicare's experience with balance billing provides valuable lessons for policy making for national or state health care reform. Medicare developed several policies to encourage physicians to become participating providers who accept Medicare-allowed charges as payment in full. Only nonparticipating physicians are permitted to bill for additional amounts beyond that paid by Medicare, and there are limits on the amount of balance billing per claim. As shown by the analysis of claims presented in this article, Medicare has successfully provided financial protection to beneficiaries. In 1986, more than 60 percent of expenditures for physician services were on assigned claims for which there could be no balance billing; by 1990, 80 percent of expenditures were on assigned claims. Balance billing decreased by about 30 percent during the same period. Although these policies have been successful in reducing total expenditures for balance billing, they may not provide financial protection to the most economically vulnerable beneficiaries. Using survey and claims data, we found that the poor have lower balance billing expenditures for services provided by primary care physicians, but that there is no relationship between poverty status and balance billing expenditures for services of nonprimary care physicians. In addition, most low-income beneficiaries are liable for balance bills. Under health care reform, adoption of Medicare's incentive-based approach with mandatory assignment for the poor would allow for some choice based on price and would provide financial protection for all consumers.

  9. 78 FR 77352 - Small Business Policy

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-23

    ... Associate Administrator for the Office of Small Business Programs shall nominate a qualified individual in... Small Business Programs shall assign a Small Business Technical Advisor to each contracting activity...

  10. ACHP | About ACHP

    Science.gov Websites

    Information Membership ACHP Award Programs Staff Directory Staff Federal Agency Assignments Strategic Plan (PDF) Youth Strategic Plan (PDF) Customer Service Standards ACHP Statement of Policy on Diversity and

  11. 48 CFR 219.201 - General policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...) procurement center representative. If an SBA procurement center representative is not assigned, see FAR 19.402... (Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics), simultaneously with submittal to the Office of Federal Procurement...

  12. 48 CFR 219.201 - General policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...) procurement center representative. If an SBA procurement center representative is not assigned, see FAR 19.402... (Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics), simultaneously with submittal to the Office of Federal Procurement...

  13. 48 CFR 219.201 - General policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...) procurement center representative. If an SBA procurement center representative is not assigned, see FAR 19.402... (Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics), simultaneously with submittal to the Office of Federal Procurement...

  14. 48 CFR 219.201 - General policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...) procurement center representative. If an SBA procurement center representative is not assigned, see FAR 19.402... (Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics), simultaneously with submittal to the Office of Federal Procurement...

  15. 48 CFR 219.201 - General policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...) procurement center representative. If an SBA procurement center representative is not assigned, see FAR 19.402... (Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics), simultaneously with submittal to the Office of Federal Procurement...

  16. 32 CFR 142.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... AND VIDEO RECORDINGS § 142.1 Purpose. This part provides policy, prescribes procedures, and assigned responsibilities regarding the use of copyrighted sound and video recordings within the Department of Defense. ...

  17. A comprehensive study of Interatomic Coulombic Decay in argon dimers: Extracting R-dependent absolute decay rates from the experiment

    DOE PAGES

    Rist, J.; Miteva, T.; Gaire, B.; ...

    2016-09-15

    In this paper we present a comprehensive and detailed study of Interatomic Coulombic Decay (ICD) occurring after irradiating argon dimers with XUV-synchrotron radiation. A manifold of different decay channels is observed and the corresponding initial and final states are assigned. Additionally, the effect of nuclear dynamics on the ICD electron spectrum is examined for one specific decay channel. The internuclear distance-dependent width Γ(R) of the decay is obtained from the measured kinetic energy release distribution of the ions employing a classical nuclear dynamics model.

  18. Supporting the diffusion of healthy public policy in Canada: the Prevention Policies Directory

    PubMed Central

    Politis, Christopher E.; Halligan, Michelle H.; Keen, Deb; Kerner, Jon F.

    2014-01-01

    Healthy public policy plays an essential role in a comprehensive public health approach to preventing cancer and chronic disease. Public policies spread through the ‘policy diffusion’ process, enabling governments to learn from another’s enacted policy solutions. The Prevention Policies Directory (the Directory), an online database of municipal, provincial/territorial, and federal cancer and chronic disease prevention policies from across Canada, was developed to facilitate the diffusion of healthy public policies and support the work of prevention researchers, practitioners, and policy specialists. This information technology solution was implemented, through a participatory engagement approach, as a communication channel or policy knowledge transfer tool. It also addressed the intrinsic shortcomings of environmental scanning for policy surveillance and monitoring. A combination of quantitative web metrics and qualitative anecdotal evidence have illustrated that the Directory is becoming an important tool for healthy public policy surveillance and policy diffusion in Canada. PMID:25379125

  19. Subangstrom resolution X-ray structure details aquaporin-water interactions.

    PubMed

    Eriksson, Urszula Kosinska; Fischer, Gerhard; Friemann, Rosmarie; Enkavi, Giray; Tajkhorshid, Emad; Neutze, Richard

    2013-06-14

    Aquaporins are membrane channels that facilitate the flow of water across biological membranes. Two conserved regions are central for selective function: the dual asparagine-proline-alanine (NPA) aquaporin signature motif and the aromatic and arginine selectivity filter (SF). Here, we present the crystal structure of a yeast aquaporin at 0.88 angstrom resolution. We visualize the H-bond donor interactions of the NPA motif's asparagine residues to passing water molecules; observe a polarized water-water H-bond configuration within the channel; assign the tautomeric states of the SF histidine and arginine residues; and observe four SF water positions too closely spaced to be simultaneously occupied. Strongly correlated movements break the connectivity of SF waters to other water molecules within the channel and prevent proton transport via a Grotthuss mechanism.

  20. An Examination of the Writing Skills of Incarcerated Male Youth

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Green, Kemeche; Shippen, Margaret; Flores, Margaret

    2018-01-01

    Over the past 20 years, punitive approaches and policies similar to those of the criminal justice system have become prominent in our schools. These local, state, and federal education and public safety policies serve to remove students from the educational environment and channel them into the criminal justice system. This phenomenon is often…

  1. Information Distribution Practices of Federal Statistical Agencies: The Census Bureau Example.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gey, Frederick C.

    1993-01-01

    Describes the current and historical distribution channels of the U.S. Bureau of the Census within a framework of distribution policies and practices for federal statistical information. The issues of reasonable distribution policies and the impact of technological change are discussed, and guidelines are offered. (Contains 26 references.) (EAM)

  2. Three Ways Research Influences Policy and Practice: The Public's Right to Know and the Scientist's Responsibility to Educate.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Green, Lawrence W.

    1987-01-01

    This paper explores the channels by which research data make their way into public discussion, policy, and practice. The thesis is that scientific knowledge tends to concentrate with the already knowledgeable, and a way to hasten the diffusion process is needed. (MT)

  3. The NASA Organization

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1994-01-01

    This Handbook, effective 13 September 1994, documents the NASA organization, defines terms, and sets forth the policy and requirements for establishing, modifying, and documenting the NASA organizational structure and for assigning organizational responsibilities.

  4. Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Centralized Dynamic Channel Allocation in Multi-Cell OFDMA Systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kim, Hyo-Su; Kim, Dong-Hoi

    The dynamic channel allocation (DCA) scheme in multi-cell systems causes serious inter-cell interference (ICI) problem to some existing calls when channels for new calls are allocated. Such a problem can be addressed by advanced centralized DCA design that is able to minimize ICI. Thus, in this paper, a centralized DCA is developed for the downlink of multi-cell orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems with full spectral reuse. However, in practice, as the search space of channel assignment for centralized DCA scheme in multi-cell systems grows exponentially with the increase of the number of required calls, channels, and cells, it becomes an NP-hard problem and is currently too complicated to find an optimum channel allocation. In this paper, we propose an ant colony optimization (ACO) based DCA scheme using a low-complexity ACO algorithm which is a kind of heuristic algorithm in order to solve the aforementioned problem. Simulation results demonstrate significant performance improvements compared to the existing schemes in terms of the grade of service (GoS) performance and the forced termination probability of existing calls without degrading the system performance of the average throughput.

  5. Creating Effective Media Messaging for Rural Smoke-free Policy.

    PubMed

    Riker, Carol A; Butler, Karen M; Ricks, JaNelle M; Record, Rachael A; Begley, Kathy; Anderson, Debra Gay; Hahn, Ellen J

    2015-01-01

    Objectives were to (1) explore perceived effectiveness of existing smoke-free print advertisements in rural communities and (2) generate message content, characteristics, and media delivery channels that resonate with residents. Qualitative methods design. Thirty-nine rural adults recruited by community partners. Content analysis of findings from individuals in four focus groups who participated in general discussion and reviewed eight print ads related to secondhand smoke (SHS) and smoke-free policy. Six content themes were identified: smoking/SHS dangers, worker health, analogies, economic impact, rights, and nostalgia. Seven message characteristics were recognized: short/to the point, large enough to read, graphic images, poignant stories, statistics/charts/graphs, message sender, and messages targeting different groups. Four media delivery channels were considered most effective: local media, technology, billboard messages, and print materials. Seeking input from key informants is essential to reaching rural residents. Use of analogies in media messaging is a distinct contribution to the literature on effective smoke-free campaigns. Other findings support previous studies of effective messaging and delivery channels. Further research is needed to examine effectiveness of themes related to message content in smoke-free ads and delivery strategies. Effective media messaging can lead to policy change in rural communities to reduce exposure to SHS. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  6. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the variant-3 neurotoxin from Centruroides sculpturatus Ewing: Sequential assignment of resonances

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Nettesheim, D.G.; Klevit, R.E.; Drobny, G.

    1989-02-21

    The authors report the sequential assignment of resonances to specific residues in the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the variant-3 neurotoxin from the scorpion Centruroides sculpturatus Ewing (range southwestern U.S.A.). A combination of two-dimensional NMR experiments such as 2D-COSY, 2D-NOESY, and single- and double-RELAY coherence transfer spectroscopy has been employed on samples of the protein dissolved in D{sub 2}O and in H{sub 2}O for assignment purposes. These studies provide a basis for the determination of the solution-phase conformation of this protein and for undertaking detailed structure-function studies of these neurotoxins that modulate the flow of sodium current by bindingmore » to the sodium channels of excitable membranes.« less

  7. Modeling fire-induced smoke spread and carbon monoxide transportation in a long channel: Fire Dynamics Simulator comparisons with measured data.

    PubMed

    Hu, L H; Fong, N K; Yang, L Z; Chow, W K; Li, Y Z; Huo, R

    2007-02-09

    Smoke and toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide, are the most fatal factors in fires. This paper models fire-induced smoke spread and carbon monoxide transportation in an 88m long channel by Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) with large eddy simulation (LES). FDS is now a well-founded fire dynamics computational fluid dynamic (CFD) program, which was developed by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Two full scale experiments with fire sizes of 0.75 and 1.6MW were conducted in this channel to validate the program. The spread of the fire-induced smoke flow together with the smoke temperature distribution along the channel, and the carbon monoxide concentration at an assigned position were measured. The FDS simulation results were compared with experimental data with fairly good agreement demonstrated. The validation work is then extended to numerically study the carbon monoxide concentration distribution, both vertically and longitudinally, in this long channel. Results showed that carbon monoxide concentration increase linearly with the height above the floor and decreases exponentially with the distance away from the fire source.

  8. Urban public transit systems modeling capabilities

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1995-02-01

    Current national transportation policy places increasing emphasis on multi-modal : solutions involving public transit and high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) facilities : and services. Current traffic simulation/assignment models, however, have only : limit...

  9. 7 CFR 1721.109 - OMB control number.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE POST-LOAN POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR INSURED ELECTRIC LOANS Extensions of Payments of Principal... approved by the Office of Management and Budget and assigned OMB control number 0572-0123. ...

  10. Image transmission system using adaptive joint source and channel decoding

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, Weiliang; Daut, David G.

    2005-03-01

    In this paper, an adaptive joint source and channel decoding method is designed to accelerate the convergence of the iterative log-dimain sum-product decoding procedure of LDPC codes as well as to improve the reconstructed image quality. Error resilience modes are used in the JPEG2000 source codec, which makes it possible to provide useful source decoded information to the channel decoder. After each iteration, a tentative decoding is made and the channel decoded bits are then sent to the JPEG2000 decoder. Due to the error resilience modes, some bits are known to be either correct or in error. The positions of these bits are then fed back to the channel decoder. The log-likelihood ratios (LLR) of these bits are then modified by a weighting factor for the next iteration. By observing the statistics of the decoding procedure, the weighting factor is designed as a function of the channel condition. That is, for lower channel SNR, a larger factor is assigned, and vice versa. Results show that the proposed joint decoding methods can greatly reduce the number of iterations, and thereby reduce the decoding delay considerably. At the same time, this method always outperforms the non-source controlled decoding method up to 5dB in terms of PSNR for various reconstructed images.

  11. Effects of Talker Variability on Vowel Recognition in Cochlear Implants

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chang, Yi-ping; Fu, Qian-Jie

    2006-01-01

    Purpose: To investigate the effects of talker variability on vowel recognition by cochlear implant (CI) users and by normal-hearing (NH) participants listening to 4-channel acoustic CI simulations. Method: CI users were tested with their clinically assigned speech processors. For NH participants, 3 CI processors were simulated, using different…

  12. 47 CFR 90.355 - LMS operations below 512 MHz.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... established, provided that: (a) For transmission between vehicles and base stations, each frequency in a... LMS station and the nearest co-channel base station of another licensee operating a voice system is 75... MHz, 150-170 MHz, and 450-512 MHz bands may use either base-mobile frequencies currently assigned the...

  13. 47 CFR 73.809 - Interference protection to full service FM stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... radiation of radio frequency energy outside its assigned channel. Upon notice by the FCC to the station... efficacy of remedial measures. (e) In each instance where suspension of operation is required, the licensee shall submit a full report to the FCC in Washington, DC, after operation is resumed, containing details...

  14. Social Media: It's What Students Do

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kelm, Orlando R.

    2011-01-01

    In assessing the application of social media on the teaching of business communication, this article looks at MBA student use of blogs, online photo database contributions, and video contributions to YouTube channels. These assignments were part of their course activities, which included a 2-week study tour in China. The article looks at these…

  15. Anticipated Ongoing Interaction versus Channel Effects of Relational Communication in Computer-Mediated Interaction.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Walther, Joseph B.

    1994-01-01

    Assesses the related effects of anticipated future interaction and different communication media (computer-mediated versus face-to-face communication) on the communication of relational intimacy and composure. Shows that the assignment of long-term versus short-term partnerships has a larger impact on anticipated future interaction reported by…

  16. 47 CFR 74.791 - Digital call signs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Booster Stations § 74.791 Digital call signs. (a) Digital low power stations. Call signs for digital low power stations will be made up of a prefix consisting of the initial letter K or W followed by the channel number assigned to the station and two additional letters and a suffix consisting of the letters...

  17. 47 CFR 74.791 - Digital call signs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Booster Stations § 74.791 Digital call signs. (a) Digital low power stations. Call signs for digital low power stations will be made up of a prefix consisting of the initial letter K or W followed by the channel number assigned to the station and two additional letters and a suffix consisting of the letters...

  18. 47 CFR 74.791 - Digital call signs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Booster Stations § 74.791 Digital call signs. (a) Digital low power stations. Call signs for digital low power stations will be made up of a prefix consisting of the initial letter K or W followed by the channel number assigned to the station and two additional letters and a suffix consisting of the letters...

  19. 47 CFR 74.791 - Digital call signs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Booster Stations § 74.791 Digital call signs. (a) Digital low power stations. Call signs for digital low power stations will be made up of a prefix consisting of the initial letter K or W followed by the channel number assigned to the station and two additional letters and a suffix consisting of the letters...

  20. Frequency Allocation; The Radio Spectrum.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Federal Communications Commission, Washington, DC.

    The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) assigns segments of the radio spectrum to categories of users, and specific frequencies within each segment to individual users. Since demand for channel space exceeds supply, the process is complex. The radio spectrum can be compared to a long ruler: the portion from 10-540 kiloHertz has been set aside…

  1. 47 CFR 74.750 - Transmission system facilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... assigned channel. (2) Radio frequency harmonics of the visual and aural carriers, measured at the output terminals of the transmitter, shall be attenuated no less than 60 dB below the peak visual output power...: (i) 0.02 percent of its rated frequency for transmitters rated at no more than 100 watts peak visual...

  2. National Cluster-Randomized Trial of Duty-Hour Flexibility in Surgical Training.

    PubMed

    Bilimoria, Karl Y; Chung, Jeanette W; Hedges, Larry V; Dahlke, Allison R; Love, Remi; Cohen, Mark E; Hoyt, David B; Yang, Anthony D; Tarpley, John L; Mellinger, John D; Mahvi, David M; Kelz, Rachel R; Ko, Clifford Y; Odell, David D; Stulberg, Jonah J; Lewis, Frank R

    2016-02-25

    Concerns persist regarding the effect of current surgical resident duty-hour policies on patient outcomes, resident education, and resident well-being. We conducted a national, cluster-randomized, pragmatic, noninferiority trial involving 117 general surgery residency programs in the United States (2014-2015 academic year). Programs were randomly assigned to current Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) duty-hour policies (standard-policy group) or more flexible policies that waived rules on maximum shift lengths and time off between shifts (flexible-policy group). Outcomes included the 30-day rate of postoperative death or serious complications (primary outcome), other postoperative complications, and resident perceptions and satisfaction regarding their well-being, education, and patient care. In an analysis of data from 138,691 patients, flexible, less-restrictive duty-hour policies were not associated with an increased rate of death or serious complications (9.1% in the flexible-policy group and 9.0% in the standard-policy group, P=0.92; unadjusted odds ratio for the flexible-policy group, 0.96; 92% confidence interval, 0.87 to 1.06; P=0.44; noninferiority criteria satisfied) or of any secondary postoperative outcomes studied. Among 4330 residents, those in programs assigned to flexible policies did not report significantly greater dissatisfaction with overall education quality (11.0% in the flexible-policy group and 10.7% in the standard-policy group, P=0.86) or well-being (14.9% and 12.0%, respectively; P=0.10). Residents under flexible policies were less likely than those under standard policies to perceive negative effects of duty-hour policies on multiple aspects of patient safety, continuity of care, professionalism, and resident education but were more likely to perceive negative effects on personal activities. There were no significant differences between study groups in resident-reported perception of the effect of fatigue on personal or patient safety. Residents in the flexible-policy group were less likely than those in the standard-policy group to report leaving during an operation (7.0% vs. 13.2%, P<0.001) or handing off active patient issues (32.0% vs. 46.3%, P<0.001). As compared with standard duty-hour policies, flexible, less-restrictive duty-hour policies for surgical residents were associated with noninferior patient outcomes and no significant difference in residents' satisfaction with overall well-being and education quality. (FIRST ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02050789.).

  3. False Beliefs in Unreliable Knowledge Networks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ioannidis, Evangelos; Varsakelis, Nikos; Antoniou, Ioannis

    2017-03-01

    The aims of this work are: (1) to extend knowledge dynamics analysis in order to assess the influence of false beliefs and unreliable communication channels, (2) to investigate the impact of selection rule-policy for knowledge acquisition, (3) to investigate the impact of targeted link attacks ("breaks" or "infections") of certain "healthy" communication channels. We examine the knowledge dynamics analytically, as well as by simulations on both artificial and real organizational knowledge networks. The main findings are: (1) False beliefs have no significant influence on knowledge dynamics, while unreliable communication channels result in non-monotonic knowledge updates ("wild" knowledge fluctuations may appear) and in significant elongation of knowledge attainment. Moreover, false beliefs may emerge during knowledge evolution, due to the presence of unreliable communication channels, even if they were not present initially, (2) Changing the selection rule-policy, by raising the awareness of agents to avoid the selection of unreliable communication channels, results in monotonic knowledge upgrade and in faster knowledge attainment, (3) "Infecting" links is more harmful than "breaking" links, due to "wild" knowledge fluctuations and due to the elongation of knowledge attainment. Moreover, attacking even a "small" percentage of links (≤5%) with high knowledge transfer, may result in dramatic elongation of knowledge attainment (over 100%), as well as in delays of the onset of knowledge attainment. Hence, links of high knowledge transfer should be protected, because in Information Warfare and Disinformation, these links are the "best targets".

  4. More Graduates: Two-Year Results from an Evaluation of Accelerated Study in Associate Programs (ASAP) for Developmental Education Students. Policy Brief

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Scrivener, Susan; Weiss, Michael J.

    2013-01-01

    This policy brief presents results from a random assignment evaluation of the City University of New York's Accelerated Study in Associate Programs (ASAP). An ambitious and promising endeavor, ASAP provides a comprehensive array of services and supports to help community college students graduate and to help them graduate sooner. The evaluation…

  5. A Logic for Reasoning About Time-Dependent Access Control Policies

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-05-20

    41 4.3.2 Filling Painkiller Prescriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 4.3.3 A Homework Assignment Administration System...4.3.2 Filling Painkiller Prescriptions We now consider the specification of pharmacy policies for dispensing painkilling medications in ηL logic. To...prevent addiction, painkillers are tightly regulated. A patient must submit a valid doctor’s prescription to the pharmacist and may only receive a few

  6. What Is Best for the Child? Early Childhood Education and Care for Children under 3 Years of Age in Brazil and in Finland

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rutanen, Niina; de Souza Amorim, Katia; Colus, Katia Miguel; Piattoeva, Nelli

    2014-01-01

    Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) policies and practices are local, historically and socially context-specific constructions. In addition to local ideals and policies, discursive practices concerning ECEC are influenced by universal ideals that are described and assigned by the member states of the United Nations Convention on the Rights…

  7. Reading Partners: The Implementation and Effectiveness of a One-on-One Tutoring Program Delivered by Community Volunteers. Policy Brief

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jacob, Robin Tepper; Smith, Thomas J.; Willard, Jacklyn A.; Rifkin, Rachel E.

    2014-01-01

    This policy brief summarizes the positive results of a rigorous evaluation of Reading Partners, a widely used program that offers one-on-one tutoring provided by community volunteers to struggling readers in low-income elementary schools. A total of 1,265 students in 19 schools in three states were randomly assigned to receive Reading…

  8. Israeli Ministry of Education's District Managers' and Superintendents' Role as Educational Leaders--Implementing the New Policy for Teachers' Professional Development

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Avidov-Ungar, Orit; Reingold, Roni

    2018-01-01

    In Israel, the Ministry of Education determines all aspects of educational policy, including teachers' initial teacher education, licensing and professional development. As part of the New Horizon educational reform, the Ministry announced in 2010 a new plan for the professional development of teachers in Israel. The Ministry assigned a mediating…

  9. NMR structural and dynamical investigation of the isolated voltage-sensing domain of the potassium channel KvAP: implications for voltage gating.

    PubMed

    Shenkarev, Zakhar O; Paramonov, Alexander S; Lyukmanova, Ekaterina N; Shingarova, Lyudmila N; Yakimov, Sergei A; Dubinnyi, Maxim A; Chupin, Vladimir V; Kirpichnikov, Mikhail P; Blommers, Marcel J J; Arseniev, Alexander S

    2010-04-28

    The structure and dynamics of the isolated voltage-sensing domain (VSD) of the archaeal potassium channel KvAP was studied by high-resolution NMR. The almost complete backbone resonance assignment and partial side-chain assignment of the (2)H,(13)C,(15)N-labeled VSD were obtained for the protein domain solubilized in DPC/LDAO (2:1) mixed micelles. Secondary and tertiary structures of the VSD were characterized using secondary chemical shifts and NOE contacts. These data indicate that the spatial structure of the VSD solubilized in micelles corresponds to the structure of the domain in an open state of the channel. NOE contacts and secondary chemical shifts of amide protons indicate the presence of tightly bound water molecule as well as hydrogen bond formation involving an interhelical salt bridge (Asp62-R133) that stabilizes the overall structure of the domain. The backbone dynamics of the VSD was studied using (15)N relaxation measurements. The loop regions S1-S2 and S2-S3 were found mobile, while the S3-S4 loop (voltage-sensor paddle) was found stable at the ps-ns time scale. The moieties of S1, S2, S3, and S4 helices sharing interhelical contacts (at the level of the Asp62-R133 salt bridge) were observed in conformational exchange on the micros-ms time scale. Similar exchange-induced broadening of characteristic resonances was observed for the VSD solubilized in the membrane of lipid-protein nanodiscs composed of DMPC, DMPG, and POPC/DOPG lipids. Apparently, the observed interhelical motions represent an inherent property of the VSD of the KvAP channel and can play an important role in the voltage gating.

  10. Translating research for health policy: researchers' perceptions and use of social media.

    PubMed

    Grande, David; Gollust, Sarah E; Pany, Maximilian; Seymour, Jane; Goss, Adeline; Kilaru, Austin; Meisel, Zachary

    2014-07-01

    As the United States moves forward with health reform, the communication gap between researchers and policy makers will need to be narrowed to promote policies informed by evidence. Social media represent an expanding channel for communication. Academic journals, public health agencies, and health care organizations are increasingly using social media to communicate health information. For example, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention now regularly tweets to 290,000 followers. We conducted a survey of health policy researchers about using social media and two traditional channels (traditional media and direct outreach) to disseminate research findings to policy makers. Researchers rated the efficacy of the three dissemination methods similarly but rated social media lower than the other two in three domains: researchers' confidence in their ability to use the method, peers' respect for its use, and how it is perceived in academic promotion. Just 14 percent of our participants reported tweeting, and 21 percent reported blogging about their research or related health policy in the past year. Researchers described social media as being incompatible with research, of high risk professionally, of uncertain efficacy, and an unfamiliar technology that they did not know how to use. Researchers will need evidence-based strategies, training, and institutional resources to use social media to communicate evidence. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

  11. Ion Channel Gene Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Potential Role in Prognosis and Diagnosis

    PubMed Central

    Ko, Jae-Hong; Gu, Wanjun; Lim, Inja; Bang, Hyoweon; Ko, Eun A.; Zhou, Tong

    2014-01-01

    Ion channels are known to regulate cancer processes at all stages. The roles of ion channels in cancer pathology are extremely diverse. We systematically analyzed the expression patterns of ion channel genes in lung adenocarcinoma. First, we compared the expression of ion channel genes between normal and tumor tissues in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Thirty-seven ion channel genes were identified as being differentially expressed between the two groups. Next, we investigated the prognostic power of ion channel genes in lung adenocarcinoma. We assigned a risk score to each lung adenocarcinoma patient based on the expression of the differentially expressed ion channel genes. We demonstrated that the risk score effectively predicted overall survival and recurrence-free survival in lung adenocarcinoma. We also found that the risk scores for ever-smokers were higher than those for never-smokers. Multivariate analysis indicated that the risk score was a significant prognostic factor for survival, which is independent of patient age, gender, stage, smoking history, Myc level, and EGFR/KRAS/ALK gene mutation status. Finally, we investigated the difference in ion channel gene expression between the two major subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer: adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma. Thirty ion channel genes were identified as being differentially expressed between the two groups. We suggest that ion channel gene expression can be used to improve the subtype classification in non-small cell lung cancer at the molecular level. The findings in this study have been validated in several independent lung cancer cohorts. PMID:24466154

  12. Public Marketing: An Alternative Policy Decision-Making Idea for Small Cities. Community Development Research Series.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Meyers, James; And Others

    The concept of public marketing presents a strategy for the systems approach to community development that would facilitate the community decision making process via improved communication. Basic aspects of the social marketing process include: (1) product policy; (2) channels of distribution; (3) pricing (perceived price vs quality and quantity…

  13. TraPy-MAC: Traffic Priority Aware Medium Access Control Protocol for Wireless Body Area Network.

    PubMed

    Ullah, Fasee; Abdullah, Abdul Hanan; Kaiwartya, Omprakash; Cao, Yue

    2017-06-01

    Recently, Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) has witnessed significant attentions in research and product development due to the growing number of sensor-based applications in healthcare domain. Design of efficient and effective Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is one of the fundamental research themes in WBAN. Static on-demand slot allocation to patient data is the main approach adopted in the design of MAC protocol in literature, without considering the type of patient data specifically the level of severity on patient data. This leads to the degradation of the performance of MAC protocols considering effectiveness and traffic adjustability in realistic medical environments. In this context, this paper proposes a Traffic Priority-Aware MAC (TraPy-MAC) protocol for WBAN. It classifies patient data into emergency and non-emergency categories based on the severity of patient data. The threshold value aided classification considers a number of parameters including type of sensor, body placement location, and data transmission time for allocating dedicated slots patient data. Emergency data are not required to carry out contention and slots are allocated by giving the due importance to threshold value of vital sign data. The contention for slots is made efficient in case of non-emergency data considering threshold value in slot allocation. Moreover, the slot allocation to emergency and non-emergency data are performed parallel resulting in performance gain in channel assignment. Two algorithms namely, Detection of Severity on Vital Sign data (DSVS), and ETS Slots allocation based on the Severity on Vital Sign (ETS-SVS) are developed for calculating threshold value and resolving the conflicts of channel assignment, respectively. Simulations are performed in ns2 and results are compared with the state-of-the-art MAC techniques. Analysis of results attests the benefit of TraPy-MAC in comparison with the state-of-the-art MAC in channel assignment in realistic medical environments.

  14. Implementation of health impact assessment in Danish municipal context.

    PubMed

    Kraemer, Stella Rebecca Johnsdatter; Nikolajsen, Louise Theilgaard; Gulis, Gabriel

    2014-12-01

    Implementation of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) in Danish municipalities has been analyzed using the Roger's Diffusion of Innovation Theory. Municipalities were chosen from among those who presented their health policies on websites according to the status of inclusion of HIA into health policy. Qualitative interviews were conducted in 6 municipalities (3 with HIA inducted in their health policy and 3 without it) gathering information on knowledge and attitudes to HIA, barriers to its implementation, social system and communication channels used or expected to be used for implementation of HIA. No significant differences were found among analyzed municipalities by status of HIA inclusion into health policy. Among barriers; a lack of tools with general validity, a lack of intersectoral working culture, balance between centralized versus participatory way of working and organizational structure of a municipality, and a lack of capacities were enlisted as most relevant. The last one is a crucial factor of an internal social system of a municipality. With regards to communication channels, reporting and presentation skills of implementers and doers are of key importance. Systematic and sustainable capacity building is needed to achieve high level implementation of HIA in Danish municipalities. Development of validated tools, most importantly screening tools with focus on priorities of national public health policy would enhance implementation on municipal level.

  15. Can Student Loans Improve Accessibility to Higher Education and Student Performance? An Impact Study of the Case of SOFES, Mexico. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3425

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Canton, Erik; Blom, Andreas

    2004-01-01

    Financial aid to students in tertiary education can contribute to human capital accumulation through two channels: increased enrollment and improved student performance. We analyze the quantitative importance of both channels in the context of a student loan program "Sociedad de Fomento a la Educacion, Superior" (SOFES) implemented at…

  16. QoS-aware health monitoring system using cloud-based WBANs.

    PubMed

    Almashaqbeh, Ghada; Hayajneh, Thaier; Vasilakos, Athanasios V; Mohd, Bassam J

    2014-10-01

    Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are amongst the best options for remote health monitoring. However, as standalone systems WBANs have many limitations due to the large amount of processed data, mobility of monitored users, and the network coverage area. Integrating WBANs with cloud computing provides effective solutions to these problems and promotes the performance of WBANs based systems. Accordingly, in this paper we propose a cloud-based real-time remote health monitoring system for tracking the health status of non-hospitalized patients while practicing their daily activities. Compared with existing cloud-based WBAN frameworks, we divide the cloud into local one, that includes the monitored users and local medical staff, and a global one that includes the outer world. The performance of the proposed framework is optimized by reducing congestion, interference, and data delivery delay while supporting users' mobility. Several novel techniques and algorithms are proposed to accomplish our objective. First, the concept of data classification and aggregation is utilized to avoid clogging the network with unnecessary data traffic. Second, a dynamic channel assignment policy is developed to distribute the WBANs associated with the users on the available frequency channels to manage interference. Third, a delay-aware routing metric is proposed to be used by the local cloud in its multi-hop communication to speed up the reporting process of the health-related data. Fourth, the delay-aware metric is further utilized by the association protocols used by the WBANs to connect with the local cloud. Finally, the system with all the proposed techniques and algorithms is evaluated using extensive ns-2 simulations. The simulation results show superior performance of the proposed architecture in optimizing the end-to-end delay, handling the increased interference levels, maximizing the network capacity, and tracking user's mobility.

  17. 32 CFR 643.39 - Policy-American National Red Cross.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... of buildings erected by the United States. (b) Installation Commanders will furnish office space and quarters for Red Cross activities and personnel when assigned to duty with the Armed Forces in accordance...

  18. 32 CFR 643.39 - Policy-American National Red Cross.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... of buildings erected by the United States. (b) Installation Commanders will furnish office space and quarters for Red Cross activities and personnel when assigned to duty with the Armed Forces in accordance...

  19. School Choice and Educational Inequality in South Korea

    PubMed Central

    Byun, Soo-yong; Kim, Kyung-keun; Park, Hyunjoon

    2014-01-01

    This study examined the choice debate in South Korea, which centers on the residentially based school assignment policy called the High School Equalization Policy (HSEP). Using a nationally representative sample of South Korean 11th graders, the study further explored the role of the HSEP in educational equality by investigating how HSEP implementation was related to the separation of low and high socioeconomic status (SES) students between schools and how the socioeconomic composition of a school was related to student achievement. Results showed that the odds that low SES students were separated into low SES schools was smaller in the regions of HSEP implementation, where students were randomly assigned to a school based on place of residence, than in the regions of non-HSEP implementation, where students were allowed to choose a school. Results also showed that student achievement significantly depended on the socioeconomic composition of a school students attended in the regions of non-HSEP implementation, whereas this was not the case in the regions of HSEP implementation. We discussed the implications of these findings for the potential impact of school choice policies on educational inequality. PMID:24834021

  20. An E-Hospital Security Architecture

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tian, Fang; Adams, Carlisle

    In this paper, we introduce how to use cryptography in network security and access control of an e-hospital. We first define the security goal of the e-hospital system, and then we analyze the current application system. Our idea is proposed on the system analysis and the related regulations of patients' privacy protection. The security of the whole application system is strengthened through layered security protection. Three security domains in the e-hospital system are defined according to their sensitivity level, and for each domain, we propose different security protections. We use identity based cryptography to establish secure communication channel in the backbone network and policy based cryptography to establish secure communication channel between end users and the backbone network. We also use policy based cryptography in the access control of the application system. We use a symmetric key cryptography to protect the real data in the database. The identity based and policy based cryptography are all based on elliptic curve cryptography—a public key cryptography.

  1. A network architecture for International Business Satellite communications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Takahata, Fumio; Nohara, Mitsuo; Takeuchi, Yoshio

    Demand Assignment (DA) control is expected to be introduced in the International Business Satellte communications (IBS) network in order to cope with a growing international business traffic. The paper discusses the DA/IBS network from the viewpoints of network configuration, satellite channel configuration and DA control. The network configuration proposed here consists of one Central Station with network management function and several Network Coordination Stations with user management function. A satellite channel configuration is also presented along with a tradeoff study on transmission bit rate, high power amplifier output power requirement, and service quality. The DA control flow and protocol based on CCITT Signalling System No. 7 are also proposed.

  2. Strategic Inventory Positioning of Navy Depot Level Repairable

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-06-01

    determines the assignment of customers to the open facilities. A summary of these models can be found in texts by Hurter [1989], Daskin [1995], Drezner...policy for repairable items. NAVICP wishes to incorporate a strategic inventory positioning policy that reduces transportation costs. This thesis...each repairable item. Using results from SIP and historical transaction data, a cost comparative analysis of 176 of the highest cost and demand volume

  3. 47 CFR 27.1168 - Triggering a Reimbursement Obligation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... AWS entity or MSS/ATC entity has triggered a cost-sharing obligation and therefore must pay an AWS... co-channel with the licensed AWS band(s) of the AWS entity or the selected assignment of the MSS operator that seeks and obtains ATC authority (see § 25.149(a)(2)(i) of this chapter); (2) An AWS relocator...

  4. 47 CFR 27.1168 - Triggering a Reimbursement Obligation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... AWS entity or MSS/ATC entity has triggered a cost-sharing obligation and therefore must pay an AWS... co-channel with the licensed AWS band(s) of the AWS entity or the selected assignment of the MSS operator that seeks and obtains ATC authority (see § 25.149(a)(2)(i) of this chapter); (2) An AWS relocator...

  5. Concepts for Near Continuous Reception of VHF (Very High Frequency) Signals Using Meteor Burst Propagation.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-07-15

    search of the non-government Master Frequency List was made on the microfiche list at the San Diego field office of the FCC. All frequencies in the...channels assigned. A single frequency often has a number of different users. The government Master Frequency List is maintained at area regional centers and

  6. The Role of Access to Head Start and Quality Ratings for Spanish-Speaking Dual Language Learners’ (DLLs) Participation in Early Childhood Education

    PubMed Central

    2014-01-01

    Data from the Head Start Impact Study (N = 4,442) were used to test for differences between Spanish-speaking Dual Language Learners (DLLs) and monolingual English-speaking children in: (1) Head Start attendance rates when randomly assigned admission; and (2) quality ratings of other early childhood education (ECE) programs attended when not randomly assigned admission to Head Start. Logistic regressions showed that Spanish-speaking DLL children randomly assigned a spot in Head Start were more likely than monolingual-English learners to attend. Further, Spanish-speaking DLLs not randomly assigned a spot in Head Start were more likely to attend higher-quality ECE centers than non-DLL children. Policy implications are discussed, suggesting that, if given access, Spanish-speaking DLL families will take advantage of quality ECE programs. PMID:25018585

  7. Media Choice in Environmental Information Dissemination for Solid Waste Management among Policy Formulators and Implementors: A Case Study of Oyo State, Nigeria

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Akintola, B. A.; Temowo, O. O.; Ajiboye, J. O.

    2009-01-01

    Environmental information has been described as central to the issues of solid waste management and disposal. This study investigated the availability and accessibility of environmental information to the solid waste policy formulators and implementors with regard to the media/channels used for disseminating environmental information to the…

  8. Reluctant to Learn? The Use of Evaluation to Improve EU Cohesion Policy Implementation in Polish and Spanish Regions

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wojtowicz, Dominika Maria; Kupiec, Tomasz

    2018-01-01

    For many European Union (EU) member states, the Cohesion Policy (CP) was the channel through which the practice of evaluation was transmitted into domestic administration. Studies have shown that the EU member countries differ in terms of their evaluation capacity and activity. None of those studies, however, addresses regional governments, which…

  9. 76 FR 72688 - Meeting of the Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services (DACOWITS)

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-25

    ... Services Review report, assignment policies, female engagement teams, suicides, and retention. Additionally... Veteran Affairs briefings on active duty and veteran suicides. --Defense Manpower Data Center and DoD...

  10. 47 CFR 90.621 - Selection and assignment of frequencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... SERVICES PRIVATE LAND MOBILE RADIO SERVICES Regulations Governing Licensing and Use of Frequencies in the 806-824, 851-869, 896-901, and 935-940 MHz Bands Policies Governing the Processing of Applications and...

  11. Part 1 of 3 : INDOT public involvement policies and procedures.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2007-05-01

    To fulfill this mission, INDOT undertakes long range and intermediate planning for transportation facilities; assigns budgets and schedules to projects through the transportation program; complies with federal and state law and regulations regarding ...

  12. 47 CFR 5.85 - Frequencies and policy governing frequency assignment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... (including the radio astronomy service). Stations authorized under subparts E and F are subject to additional... flux density assuming a free space characteristic impedance of 120π ohms) at the reference coordinates...

  13. 47 CFR 5.85 - Frequencies and policy governing frequency assignment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... (including the radio astronomy service). Stations authorized under subparts E and F are subject to additional... flux density assuming a free space characteristic impedance of 120π ohms) at the reference coordinates...

  14. The adaptive approach for storage assignment by mining data of warehouse management system for distribution centres

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ming-Huang Chiang, David; Lin, Chia-Ping; Chen, Mu-Chen

    2011-05-01

    Among distribution centre operations, order picking has been reported to be the most labour-intensive activity. Sophisticated storage assignment policies adopted to reduce the travel distance of order picking have been explored in the literature. Unfortunately, previous research has been devoted to locating entire products from scratch. Instead, this study intends to propose an adaptive approach, a Data Mining-based Storage Assignment approach (DMSA), to find the optimal storage assignment for newly delivered products that need to be put away when there is vacant shelf space in a distribution centre. In the DMSA, a new association index (AIX) is developed to evaluate the fitness between the put away products and the unassigned storage locations by applying association rule mining. With AIX, the storage location assignment problem (SLAP) can be formulated and solved as a binary integer programming. To evaluate the performance of DMSA, a real-world order database of a distribution centre is obtained and used to compare the results from DMSA with a random assignment approach. It turns out that DMSA outperforms random assignment as the number of put away products and the proportion of put away products with high turnover rates increase.

  15. Results from Scotland's 2013 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth.

    PubMed

    Reilly, John J; Dick, Smita; McNeill, Geraldine; Tremblay, Mark S

    2014-05-01

    The Active Healthy Kids Scotland Report Card aims to consolidate existing evidence, facilitate international comparisons, encourage more evidence-informed physical activity and health policy, and improve surveillance of physical activity. Application of the Active Healthy Kids Canada Report Card process and methodology to Scotland, adapted to Scottish circumstances and availability of data. The Active Healthy Kids Scotland Report Card 2013 consists of indicators of 7 Health Behaviors and Outcomes and 3 Influences on Health Behaviors and Outcomes. Grades of F were assigned to Overall Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior (recreational screen time), and Obesity Prevalence. A C was assigned to Active Transportation and a D- was assigned to Diet. Two indicators, Active and Outdoor Play and Organized Sport Participation, could not be graded. Among the Influences, Family Influence received a D, while Perceived Safety, Access, and Availability of Spaces for Physical Activity and the National Policy Environment graded more favorably with a B. The Active Healthy Kids Canada process and methodology was readily generalizable to Scotland. The report card illustrated low habitual physical activity and extremely high levels of screen-based sedentary behavior, and highlighted several opportunities for improved physical activity surveillance and promotion strategies.

  16. A modeling of dynamic storage assignment for order picking in beverage warehousing with Drive-in Rack system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hadi, M. Z.; Djatna, T.; Sugiarto

    2018-04-01

    This paper develops a dynamic storage assignment model to solve storage assignment problem (SAP) for beverages order picking in a drive-in rack warehousing system to determine the appropriate storage location and space for each beverage products dynamically so that the performance of the system can be improved. This study constructs a graph model to represent drive-in rack storage position then combine association rules mining, class-based storage policies and an arrangement rule algorithm to determine an appropriate storage location and arrangement of the product according to dynamic orders from customers. The performance of the proposed model is measured as rule adjacency accuracy, travel distance (for picking process) and probability a product become expiry using Last Come First Serve (LCFS) queue approach. Finally, the proposed model is implemented through computer simulation and compare the performance for different storage assignment methods as well. The result indicates that the proposed model outperforms other storage assignment methods.

  17. Informing Federal Policy on Firearm Restrictions for Veterans with Fiduciaries: Risk Indicators in the Post-Deployment Mental Health Study.

    PubMed

    Swanson, Jeffrey; Easter, Michele; Brancu, Mira; Fairbank, John A

    2018-05-24

    This article examines the public safety rationale for a federal policy of prohibiting gun sales to veterans with psychiatric disabilities who are assigned a fiduciary to manage their benefits from the Department of Veterans Affairs. The policy was evaluated using data on 3200 post-deployment veterans from the Iraq and Afghanistan war era. Three proxy measures of fiduciary need-based on intellectual disability, drug abuse, or acute psychopathology-were associated in bivariate analysis with interpersonal violence and suicidality. In multivariate analysis, statistical significance remained only for the measure based on acute psychopathology. Implications for reforms to the fiduciary firearm restriction policy are discussed.

  18. Conveying campus sexual misconduct policy information to college and university students: Results from a 7-campus study.

    PubMed

    Potter, S J; Edwards, K M; Banyard, V L; Stapleton, J G; Demers, J M; Moynihan, M M

    2016-01-01

    To examine the efficacy of different methods (ie, in-class policy reading; in-class policy reading and discussion; no reading or discussion) to deliver campus sexual misconduct policy information to students on 7 campuses. A total of 1,195 participants at 7 colleges and universities participated in the study from August to October 2014. Participants were randomly assigned at the class level and completed pretest and posttest surveys assessing knowledge of campus policy and resources and confidence to seek help for sexual assault. Students exposed to a larger dosage of material (in-class policy reading plus discussion) showed greater positive changes in attitudes and knowledge than students who did not receive information or were only read the policy. However, on some indices, students who were only read the policy showed positive outcomes compared with students receiving no intervention. Colleges and universities must use engaging methods to disseminate campus sexual misconduct policies to students.

  19. Content-Based Multi-Channel Network Coding Algorithm in the Millimeter-Wave Sensor Network

    PubMed Central

    Lin, Kai; Wang, Di; Hu, Long

    2016-01-01

    With the development of wireless technology, the widespread use of 5G is already an irreversible trend, and millimeter-wave sensor networks are becoming more and more common. However, due to the high degree of complexity and bandwidth bottlenecks, the millimeter-wave sensor network still faces numerous problems. In this paper, we propose a novel content-based multi-channel network coding algorithm, which uses the functions of data fusion, multi-channel and network coding to improve the data transmission; the algorithm is referred to as content-based multi-channel network coding (CMNC). The CMNC algorithm provides a fusion-driven model based on the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory to classify the sensor nodes into different classes according to the data content. By using the result of the classification, the CMNC algorithm also provides the channel assignment strategy and uses network coding to further improve the quality of data transmission in the millimeter-wave sensor network. Extensive simulations are carried out and compared to other methods. Our simulation results show that the proposed CMNC algorithm can effectively improve the quality of data transmission and has better performance than the compared methods. PMID:27376302

  20. Centralized Routing and Scheduling Using Multi-Channel System Single Transceiver in 802.16d

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Al-Hemyari, A.; Noordin, N. K.; Ng, Chee Kyun; Ismail, A.; Khatun, S.

    This paper proposes a cross-layer optimized strategy that reduces the effect of interferences from neighboring nodes within a mesh networks. This cross-layer design relies on the routing information in network layer and the scheduling table in medium access control (MAC) layer. A proposed routing algorithm in network layer is exploited to find the best route for all subscriber stations (SS). Also, a proposed centralized scheduling algorithm in MAC layer is exploited to assign a time slot for each possible node transmission. The cross-layer optimized strategy is using multi-channel single transceiver and single channel single transceiver systems for WiMAX mesh networks (WMNs). Each node in WMN has a transceiver that can be tuned to any available channel for eliminating the secondary interference. Among the considered parameters in the performance analysis are interference from the neighboring nodes, hop count to the base station (BS), number of children per node, slot reuse, load balancing, quality of services (QoS), and node identifier (ID). Results show that the proposed algorithms significantly improve the system performance in terms of length of scheduling, channel utilization ratio (CUR), system throughput, and average end to end transmission delay.

  1. Flow over a membrane-covered, fluid-filled cavity.

    PubMed

    Thomson, Scott L; Mongeau, Luc; Frankel, Steven H

    2007-01-01

    The flow-induced response of a membrane covering a fluid-filled cavity located in a section of a rigid-walled channel was explored using finite element analysis. The membrane was initially aligned with the channel wall and separated the channel fluid from the cavity fluid. As fluid flowed over the membrane-covered cavity, a streamwise-dependent transmural pressure gradient caused membrane deformation. This model has application to synthetic models of the vocal fold cover layer used in voice production research. In this paper, the model is introduced and responses of the channel flow, the membrane, and the cavity flow are summarized for a range of flow and membrane parameters. It is shown that for high values of cavity fluid viscosity, the intracavity pressure and the beam deflection both reached steady values. For combinations of low cavity viscosity and sufficiently large upstream pressures, large-amplitude membrane vibrations resulted. Asymmetric conditions were introduced by creating cavities on opposing sides of the channel and assigning different stiffness values to the two membranes. The asymmetry resulted in reduction in or cessation of vibration amplitude, depending on the degree of asymmetry, and in significant skewing of the downstream flow field.

  2. Stereo sequence transmission via conventional transmission channel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Ho-Keun; Kim, Chul-Hwan; Han, Kyu-Phil; Ha, Yeong-Ho

    2003-05-01

    This paper proposes a new stereo sequence transmission technique using digital watermarking for compatibility with conventional 2D digital TV. We, generally, compress and transmit image sequence using temporal-spatial redundancy between stereo images. It is difficult for users with conventional digital TV to watch the transmitted 3D image sequence because many 3D image compression methods are different. To solve such a problem, in this paper, we perceive the concealment of new information of digital watermarking and conceal information of the other stereo image into three channels of the reference image. The main target of the technique presented is to let the people who have conventional DTV watch stereo movies at the same time. This goal is reached by considering the response of human eyes to color information and by using digital watermarking. To hide right images into left images effectively, bit-change in 3 color channels and disparity estimation according to the value of estimated disparity are performed. The proposed method assigns the displacement information of right image to each channel of YCbCr on DCT domain. Each LSB bit on YCbCr channels is changed according to the bits of disparity information. The performance of the presented methods is confirmed by several computer experiments.

  3. Systemic Policy Compliance in a Multi-Jurisdictional Defence Program - Defence Suppliers Perspective

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-11-01

    unclassified b. ABSTRACT unclassified c . THIS PAGE unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 Systemic Policy...navigation systems) and Spad (a French company specialized in simulation). The three organizations collaborate in order to deliver the Navigation System end...read  Packard employees assigned to Program-Z DD can read – Bilateral PIEA2 between Curtiss and Spad • Purpose = protects Curtiss IP exchanged with

  4. Report on Urban and Rural Non-Reservation Indians (Task Force Eight: Urban and Rural Nonreservation Indians). Final Report to the American Indian Policy Review Commission. Committee Print.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC.

    The result of a 12-month investigation of rural and urban nonreservation American Indian needs, this report is the final product of a task force assigned by the American Indian Policy Review Commission to: (1) examine statutes and procedures for granting Federal recognition and extending services to American Indians; (2) collect and compile data…

  5. Worst case encoder-decoder policies for a communication system in the presence of an unknown probabilistic jammer

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cascio, David M.

    1988-05-01

    States of nature or observed data are often stochastically modelled as Gaussian random variables. At times it is desirable to transmit this information from a source to a destination with minimal distortion. Complicating this objective is the possible presence of an adversary attempting to disrupt this communication. In this report, solutions are provided to a class of minimax and maximin decision problems, which involve the transmission of a Gaussian random variable over a communications channel corrupted by both additive Gaussian noise and probabilistic jamming noise. The jamming noise is termed probabilistic in the sense that with nonzero probability 1-P, the jamming noise is prevented from corrupting the channel. We shall seek to obtain optimal linear encoder-decoder policies which minimize given quadratic distortion measures.

  6. Combined coding and delay-throughput analysis for fading channels of mobile satellite communications

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wang, C. C.; Yan, Tsun-Yee

    1986-01-01

    This paper presents the analysis of using the punctured convolutional code with Viterbi decoding to improve communications reliability. The punctured code rate is optimized so that the average delay is minimized. The coding gain in terms of the message delay is also defined. Since using punctured convolutional code with interleaving is still inadequate to combat the severe fading for short packets, the use of multiple copies of assignment and acknowledgment packets is suggested. The performance on the average end-to-end delay of this protocol is analyzed. It is shown that a replication of three copies for both assignment packets and acknowledgment packets is optimum for the cases considered.

  7. Mission science value-cost savings from the Advanced Imaging Communication System (AICS)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rice, R. F.

    1984-01-01

    An Advanced Imaging Communication System (AICS) was proposed in the mid-1970s as an alternative to the Voyager data/communication system architecture. The AICS achieved virtually error free communication with little loss in the downlink data rate by concatenating a powerful Reed-Solomon block code with the Voyager convolutionally coded, Viterbi decoded downlink channel. The clean channel allowed AICS sophisticated adaptive data compression techniques. Both Voyager and the Galileo mission have implemented AICS components, and the concatenated channel itself is heading for international standardization. An analysis that assigns a dollar value/cost savings to AICS mission performance gains is presented. A conservative value or savings of $3 million for Voyager, $4.5 million for Galileo, and as much as $7 to 9.5 million per mission for future projects such as the proposed Mariner Mar 2 series is shown.

  8. Theoretical studies of photoexcitation and ionization in H2O

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Diercksen, G. H. F.; Kraemer, W. P.; Rescigno, T. N.; Bender, C. F.; Mckoy, B. V.; Langhoff, S. R.; Langhoff, P. W.

    1982-01-01

    Theoretical studies using Franck-Condon and static-exchange approximations are reported for the complete dipole excitation and ionization spectrum in H2O, where (1) large Cartesian Gaussian basis sets are used to represent the required discrete and continuum electronic eigenfunctions at the ground state equilibrium geometry, and (2) previously devised moment-theory techniques are employed in constructing the continuum oscillator-strength densities from the calculated spectra. Comparisons are made of the calculated excitation and ionization profiles with recent experimental photoabsorption studies and corresponding spectral assignments, electron impact-excitation cross sections, and dipole and synchrotron-radiation studies of partial-channel photoionization cross sections. The calculated partial-channel cross sections are found to be atomic-like, and dominated by 2p-kd components. It is suggested that the latter transition couples with the underlying 1b(1)-kb(1) channel, accounting for a prominent feature in recent synchrotron-radiation measurements.

  9. 41 CFR 102-79.10 - What basic assignment and utilization of space policy governs an Executive agency?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... must provide a quality workplace environment that supports program operations, preserves the value of... fitness facilities in the workplace when adequately justified. An Executive agency must promote maximum...

  10. 48 CFR 3002.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... national defense, homeland security or foreign policy. This definition includes the following categories of... Section 3002.101 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, HOMELAND SECURITY... functions assigned by the Federal Acquisition Regulation and the Homeland Security Acquisition Regulation...

  11. 48 CFR 3002.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... national defense, homeland security or foreign policy. This definition includes the following categories of... Section 3002.101 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, HOMELAND SECURITY... functions assigned by the Federal Acquisition Regulation and the Homeland Security Acquisition Regulation...

  12. 48 CFR 3002.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... national defense, homeland security or foreign policy. This definition includes the following categories of... Section 3002.101 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, HOMELAND SECURITY... functions assigned by the Federal Acquisition Regulation and the Homeland Security Acquisition Regulation...

  13. NEPA assignment in TxDOT: analysis, review, and training modules.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2017-02-01

    Under the Surface Transportation Project Delivery Program created by SAFETEA-LU and continued under MAP-21, federal transportation law has authorized delegating the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) review and approval processes to state Depar...

  14. A security-awareness virtual machine management scheme based on Chinese wall policy in cloud computing.

    PubMed

    Yu, Si; Gui, Xiaolin; Lin, Jiancai; Tian, Feng; Zhao, Jianqiang; Dai, Min

    2014-01-01

    Cloud computing gets increasing attention for its capacity to leverage developers from infrastructure management tasks. However, recent works reveal that side channel attacks can lead to privacy leakage in the cloud. Enhancing isolation between users is an effective solution to eliminate the attack. In this paper, to eliminate side channel attacks, we investigate the isolation enhancement scheme from the aspect of virtual machine (VM) management. The security-awareness VMs management scheme (SVMS), a VMs isolation enhancement scheme to defend against side channel attacks, is proposed. First, we use the aggressive conflict of interest relation (ACIR) and aggressive in ally with relation (AIAR) to describe user constraint relations. Second, based on the Chinese wall policy, we put forward four isolation rules. Third, the VMs placement and migration algorithms are designed to enforce VMs isolation between the conflict users. Finally, based on the normal distribution, we conduct a series of experiments to evaluate SVMS. The experimental results show that SVMS is efficient in guaranteeing isolation between VMs owned by conflict users, while the resource utilization rate decreases but not by much.

  15. A Security-Awareness Virtual Machine Management Scheme Based on Chinese Wall Policy in Cloud Computing

    PubMed Central

    Gui, Xiaolin; Lin, Jiancai; Tian, Feng; Zhao, Jianqiang; Dai, Min

    2014-01-01

    Cloud computing gets increasing attention for its capacity to leverage developers from infrastructure management tasks. However, recent works reveal that side channel attacks can lead to privacy leakage in the cloud. Enhancing isolation between users is an effective solution to eliminate the attack. In this paper, to eliminate side channel attacks, we investigate the isolation enhancement scheme from the aspect of virtual machine (VM) management. The security-awareness VMs management scheme (SVMS), a VMs isolation enhancement scheme to defend against side channel attacks, is proposed. First, we use the aggressive conflict of interest relation (ACIR) and aggressive in ally with relation (AIAR) to describe user constraint relations. Second, based on the Chinese wall policy, we put forward four isolation rules. Third, the VMs placement and migration algorithms are designed to enforce VMs isolation between the conflict users. Finally, based on the normal distribution, we conduct a series of experiments to evaluate SVMS. The experimental results show that SVMS is efficient in guaranteeing isolation between VMs owned by conflict users, while the resource utilization rate decreases but not by much. PMID:24688434

  16. Reconciling justice and attribution research to advance climate policy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Huggel, Christian; Wallimann-Helmer, Ivo; Stone, Dáithí; Cramer, Wolfgang

    2016-10-01

    The Paris Climate Agreement is an important step for international climate policy, but the compensation for negative effects of climate change based on clear assignment of responsibilities remains highly debated. From both a policy and a science perspective, it is unclear how responsibilities should be defined and on what evidence base. We explore different normative principles of justice relevant to climate change impacts, and ask how different forms of causal evidence of impacts drawn from detection and attribution research could inform policy approaches in accordance with justice considerations. We reveal a procedural injustice based on the imbalance of observations and knowledge of impacts between developed and developing countries. This type of injustice needs to be considered in policy negotiations and decisions, and efforts strengthened to reduce it.

  17. Beauty and the beast: results of the Rhode Island smokefree shop initiative.

    PubMed

    Linnan, Laura A; Emmons, Karen M; Abrams, David B

    2002-01-01

    Licensed hairdressing facilities are prevalent in communities nationwide and represent a unique and promising channel for delivering public health interventions. The Rhode Island Smokefree Shop Initiative tested the feasibility of using these facilities to deliver smoking policy interventions statewide. A statewide survey of hairdressing facilities was followed by interventions targeted to the readiness level (high/low) of respondents to adopt smoke-free policies.

  18. 18 CFR 1304.1 - Scope and intent.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ..., bridges, aerial cables, culverts, pipelines, fish attractors, shoreline stabilization projects, channel... subjacent to TVA reservoirs and exercises its land rights to carry out the purposes and policies of the Act...

  19. IR and visible luminescence studies in the infrared multiphoton dissociation of 1,2-dibromo-1,1-difluoroethane

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pushpa, K. K.; Kumar, Awadhesh; Vatsa, R. K.; Naik, P. D.; Annaji Rao, K.; Mittal, J. P.; Parthasarathy, V.; Sarkar, S. K.

    1995-07-01

    The infrared multiphoton dissociation of 1,2-dibromo-1,1-difluoroethane gives rise to IR and visible luminescence. Vibrationally excited parent molecules dissociate via two primary channels yielding bromine and vibrationally excited HBr. The strong visible emission observed between 350 to 750 nm has been assigned to electronically excited carbene CF 2Br CH.

  20. 47 CFR 22.567 - Technical channel assignment criteria.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... meters p is the radial ERP in Watts (1) Whenever the actual HAAT is less than 30 meters (98 feet), 30... must not be less than 27 dB less than the maximum ERP in any direction, or 0.1 Watt, whichever is more... contour using the formula in paragraph (c) of this section with actual HAAT and ERP data for the inter...

  1. 47 CFR 22.537 - Technical channel assignment criteria.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... distance in kilometers h is the radial antenna HAAT in meters p is the radial ERP in Watts (1) Whenever the...) The value used for p in the above formula must not be less than 27 dB less than the maximum ERP in any... HAAT and ERP data for the inter-station radial and additional radials above and below the inter-station...

  2. 47 CFR 90.621 - Selection and assignment of frequencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...° 07′ 19.4″ 121° 53′ 34.4″ Grass Mountain 47° 12′ 14.1″ 121° 47′ 42.4″ Spar Pole Hill 47° 02′ 51.4″ 122.... See § 90.16 and the Report and Order in General Docket 87-112. (h) Channel numbers 511-520, 551-560...

  3. 47 CFR 90.621 - Selection and assignment of frequencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...° 07′ 19.4″ 121° 53′ 34.4″ Grass Mountain 47° 12′ 14.1″ 121° 47′ 42.4″ Spar Pole Hill 47° 02′ 51.4″ 122.... See § 90.16 and the Report and Order in General Docket 87-112. (h) Channel numbers 511-520, 551-560...

  4. 47 CFR 22.567 - Technical channel assignment criteria.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... must be used as the value for h in the above formula. (2) The value used for p in the above formula... radial distance in kilometers h is the radial antenna HAAT in meters p is the radial ERP in Watts... distance in kilometers h is the radial antenna HAAT in meters p is the radial ERP in Watts (3) The value...

  5. High channel count microphone array accurately and precisely localizes ultrasonic signals from freely-moving mice.

    PubMed

    Warren, Megan R; Sangiamo, Daniel T; Neunuebel, Joshua P

    2018-03-01

    An integral component in the assessment of vocal behavior in groups of freely interacting animals is the ability to determine which animal is producing each vocal signal. This process is facilitated by using microphone arrays with multiple channels. Here, we made important refinements to a state-of-the-art microphone array based system used to localize vocal signals produced by freely interacting laboratory mice. Key changes to the system included increasing the number of microphones as well as refining the methodology for localizing and assigning vocal signals to individual mice. We systematically demonstrate that the improvements in the methodology for localizing mouse vocal signals led to an increase in the number of signals detected as well as the number of signals accurately assigned to an animal. These changes facilitated the acquisition of larger and more comprehensive data sets that better represent the vocal activity within an experiment. Furthermore, this system will allow more thorough analyses of the role that vocal signals play in social communication. We expect that such advances will broaden our understanding of social communication deficits in mouse models of neurological disorders. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  6. The political effects of ideas and markets on China's economic reforms: The case of electrical power

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dodge, Laura Washington

    This study examines factors influencing contemporary economic policy-making and reform in China's electric power industry. Results of the study suggest that there is an ongoing paradigm change in China's policy-making. However, institutional resistance to changes in the policy process is strong. Policy outcomes in the case of electric power reforms reflect the interaction of both dynamics. In the early 1990s, the central government in Beijing began to consider restructuring the electric power industry to introduce competition and establish markets for electricity supply. Until then, economic policies had resulted from a process of deliberation within the upper echelons of the Communist Party. Although the Party considered the interests of dominant economic actors, particularly the large State-owned sector, its channels for participation in the policy process were closed to most economic actors. Central bureaucratic and provincial interests largely governed policy processes, leading observers to describe the Chinese State as bureaucratic authoritarian. Bureaucracy's heavy role in the economy led to what some called a corporatist State, whereby organs of government infiltrated most aspects of the economy. This institutional arrangement perpetuated bureaucracy's influence in policy-making. This study hypothesizes that transformation in domestic financial markets poses a threat to the entrenched institutions of the electric power industry. The integration of China's economy with foreign firms and markets enabled actors outside of the dominant State-owned economy to improve their positions vis-a-vis the state-owned sector, and eventually to play a role in the policy process. At the same time, Beijing's adaptation of foreign-designed restructuring policies threatened the deep-rooted institutions. The study analyzes the behavior, statements and channels utilized by those actors affected by power sector policies. Based on interviews conducted between 2000 through 2002, documents and reports from various power industry actors, and available academic literature analyzing current developments in the industry, I analyze the process of making deregulatory policies in electric power. Specifically, I ask whether or not the developments described above resulted in a shift in the relative power of contending actors in the industry, and consequently influenced policy outcomes.

  7. 39 CFR 223.2 - Channels of communication, headquarters with area offices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...). Whether published on paper or online, such policies must be coordinated with other appropriate... or online, such procedures must be coordinated with other appropriate organizations before issuance...

  8. 39 CFR 223.2 - Channels of communication, headquarters with area offices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...). Whether published on paper or online, such policies must be coordinated with other appropriate... or online, such procedures must be coordinated with other appropriate organizations before issuance...

  9. 39 CFR 223.2 - Channels of communication, headquarters with area offices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...). Whether published on paper or online, such policies must be coordinated with other appropriate... or online, such procedures must be coordinated with other appropriate organizations before issuance...

  10. 39 CFR 223.2 - Channels of communication, headquarters with area offices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...). Whether published on paper or online, such policies must be coordinated with other appropriate... or online, such procedures must be coordinated with other appropriate organizations before issuance...

  11. 78 FR 72572 - Operational Contract Support

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-03

    ... 0790-AI48 Operational Contract Support AGENCY: Department of Defense (DoD). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This rule establishes policy, assigns responsibilities, and provides procedures for operational contract support (OCS), including OCS program management, contract support integration, and integration of...

  12. Strong decays of DJ(3000 ) and Ds J(3040 )

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Si-Chen; Wang, Tianhong; Jiang, Yue; Tan, Xiao-Ze; Li, Qiang; Wang, Guo-Li; Chang, Chao-Hsi

    2018-03-01

    In this paper, we systematically calculate two-body strong decays of newly observed DJ(3000 ) and Ds J(3040 ) with 2 P (1+) and 2 P (1+') assignments in an instantaneous approximation of the Bethe-Salpeter equation method. Our results show that both resonances can be explained as the 2 P (1+') with broad width via 3P1 and 1P1 mixing in D and Ds families. For DJ(3000 ), the total width is 229.6 MeV in our calculation, close to the upper limit of experimental data, and the dominant decay channels are D2*π , D*π , and D*(2600 )π . For Ds J(3040 ), the total width is 157.4 MeV in our calculation, close to the lower limit of experimental data, and the dominant channels are D*K and D*K*. These results are consistent with observed channels in experiments. Given the very little information that has been obtained from experiments and the large error bars of the total decay widths, we recommend the detection of dominant channels in our calculation.

  13. Cloning and characterization of BmK86, a novel K{sup +}-channel blocker from scorpion venom

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mao, Xin; Cao, Zhijian; Yin, Shijin

    2007-09-07

    Scorpion venom represents a tremendous hitherto unexplored resource for understanding ion channels. BmK86 is a novel K{sup +}-channel toxin gene isolated from a cDNA library of Mesobuthus martensii Karsch, which encodes a signal peptide of 22 amino acid residues and a mature toxin of 35 residues with three disulfide bridges. The genomic sequence of BmK86 consists of two exons disrupted by an intron of 72 bp. Comparison with the other scorpion toxins BmK86 shows low sequence similarity. The GST-BmK86 fusion protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. The fusion protein was cleaved by enterokinase and the recombinant BmK86 was purifiedmore » by HPLC. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recording, the recombinant BmK86 was found to inhibit the potassium current of mKv1.3 channel expressed in COS7 cells. These results indicated that BmK86 belongs to a representative member of a novel subfamily of {alpha}-KTxs. The systematic number assigned to BmK86 is {alpha}-KTx26.1.« less

  14. K-BREF(Korean BAT reference document) development : BAT and BAT-AELs for large combustion plants and waste incinerators in Korea.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yoo, Heungmin; Lee, Daegyun; Park, Jaehong

    2017-04-01

    Since the initial environmental policy namely "Regulation on assigning license for environmental pollutant emission facilities" was introduced in 1971, the previous environmental policy that assign licenses on emission facilities of each pollutant has been implementing in Korea. From this, economic standard and environmental quality of Korea are recognized as level of developed countries, even though various development activities for industrialization. However, amount of pollutant, emission route and emission source are increasing with development of various industries, and citizens recognition for environment have been changed as well. Thus, ministry of environment of Korea needs systematic policy based on scientific grounds for conversion of paradigm. For this, ministry of environment was introduced new policy namely "integrated pollution prevention and control(IPPC)", and it will be implemented from 2017 in Korea. IPPC is established for considering environment, economic and efficiency: 10 licenses on each pollutant emission will be integrated to one license, and it can be expected simplification for business licensing process. As well, this policy can be upgraded and processed while considering characteristics on location and industry types, in the future. However, to conduct this system harmoniously, policy demanders have to apply integrated control system to their facilities. Especially, the first applied industries by IPPC are two industries, such as large combustion plants for power generation and waste incineration facilities. Therefore, ministry of environment has to publish technical guideline books firstly for those industries, and they were named to "BAT reference document(BREF)". In this study, essential information for BREFs publishment, that is including emission levels, best available technique(BAT) and so on was investigated. In addition, the BAT-associated emission levels (BAT-AELs) of each industry were set using emission data obtained from realtime-monitoring system.

  15. Women in the Army - Review of the Combat Exclusion Policy

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-03-24

    regarding the assignment of women to reflect how women Soldiers are serving and what women Soldiers are contributing to military operations today . In...The sub-unit will be closed to women.12 Today , the requirement to reassess the Army’s combat exclusion policy and the DOD law has never been more...direct combat operations were most likely and those area where it was unlikely. However, on the nonlinear battlefields of today with the asymmetric

  16. Elimination of 1994 Gender Restriction: Will Earning the Ranger Tab Achieve Full Career Potential for Women?

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-12-13

    groomed to meet the physical and psychological demands of Ranger School. They will also be given time, and possibly multiple attempts at gaining the...the U.S. have potentially influenced these four outcomes in our research, which provides the policy be revised to match the operational environment...assignment requirement. The bottom line is the policy did not match the operational picture, or composition of tactical units. The opportunity has

  17. The impact of health care provider market served on health care channel relationships.

    PubMed

    Smith, M F; Pirog, S F

    1990-01-01

    A conceptual framework is provided in which manufacturer-wholesaler relationships are addressed in the context of the health care provider segment served by the wholesaler. A study of the medical supply channel demonstrates how the particular market served by the wholesaler shapes the manufacturer-wholesaler relationship along the behavioral dimensions of manifest conflict, coercion, satisfaction and openness of communications. The health care provider segment served was found to have a significant impact on these dimensions. The results of this research suggest that channel member strategies, policies and operating procedures must account for variations in input (supply) and output (market) environments.

  18. Determination of optimal lot size and production rate for multi-production channels with limited capacity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Huang, Yeu-Shiang; Wang, Ruei-Pei; Ho, Jyh-Wen

    2015-07-01

    Due to the constantly changing business environment, producers often have to deal with customers by adopting different procurement policies. That is, manufacturers confront not only predictable and regular orders, but also unpredictable and irregular orders. In this study, from the perspective of upstream manufacturers, both regular and irregular orders are considered in coping with the situation in which an uncertain demand is faced by the manufacturer, and a capacity confirming mechanism is used to examine such demand. If the demand is less than or equal to the capacity of the ordinary production channel, the general supply channel is utilised to fully account for the manufacturing process, but if the demand is greater than the capacity of the ordinary production channel, the contingency production channel would be activated along with the ordinary channel to satisfy the upcoming high demand. Besides, the reproductive property of the probability distribution is employed to represent the order quantity of the two types of demand. Accordingly, the optimal production rates and lot sizes for both channels are derived to provide managers with insights for further production planning.

  19. Beauty and the Beast: Results of the Rhode Island Smokefree Shop Initiative

    PubMed Central

    Linnan, Laura A.; Emmons, Karen M.; Abrams, David B.

    2002-01-01

    Licensed hairdressing facilities are prevalent in communities nationwide and represent a unique and promising channel for delivering public health interventions. The Rhode Island Smokefree Shop Initiative tested the feasibility of using these facilities to deliver smoking policy interventions statewide. A statewide survey of hairdressing facilities was followed by interventions targeted to the readiness level (high/low) of respondents to adopt smoke-free policies. PMID:11772752

  20. Small maritime target detection through false color fusion

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Toet, Alexander; Wu, Tirui

    2008-04-01

    We present an algorithm that produces a fused false color representation of a combined multiband IR and visual imaging system for maritime applications. Multispectral IR imaging techniques are increasingly deployed in maritime operations, to detect floating mines or to find small dinghies and swimmers during search and rescue operations. However, maritime backgrounds usually contain a large amount of clutter that severely hampers the detection of small targets. Our new algorithm deploys the correlation between the target signatures in two different IR frequency bands (3-5 and 8-12 μm) to construct a fused IR image with a reduced amount of clutter. The fused IR image is then combined with a visual image in a false color RGB representation for display to a human operator. The algorithm works as follows. First, both individual IR bands are filtered with a morphological opening top-hat transform to extract small details. Second, a common image is extracted from the two filtered IR bands, and assigned to the red channel of an RGB image. Regions of interest that appear in both IR bands remain in this common image, while most uncorrelated noise details are filtered out. Third, the visual band is assigned to the green channel and, after multiplication with a constant (typically 1.6) also to the blue channel. Fourth, the brightness and colors of this intermediate false color image are renormalized by adjusting its first order statistics to those of a representative reference scene. The result of these four steps is a fused color image, with naturalistic colors (bluish sky and grayish water), in which small targets are clearly visible.

  1. Roughness coefficients for stream channels in Arizona

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Aldridge, B.N.; Garrett, J.M.

    1973-01-01

           n in which V = mean cross-sectional velocity of flow, in feet per second; R = hydraulic radius at a cross section, which is the cross-sectional area divided by the wetter perimeter, in feet; Se = energy slope; and n = coefficient of roughness. Many research studies have been made to determine "n" values for open-channel flow (Carter and others, 1963). Guidelines for selecting coefficient of roughness for stream channels are given in most of the literature of stream-channel hydraulics, but few of the data relate directly to streams of Arizona, The U.S> Geological Survey, at the request of the Arizona Highway Department, assembled the color photographs and tables of the Manning "n" values in this report to aid highway engineers in the selection of roughness coefficients for Arizona streams. Most of the photographs show channel reaches for which values of "n" have been assigned by experienced Survey personnel; a few photographs are included for reaches where "n" values have been verified. Verified "n" values are computed from a known discharge and measured channel geometry. Selected photographs of stream channels for which "n" values have been verified are included in U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1849 (Barnes, 1967); stereoscopic slides of Barnes' (1967) photographs and additional photographs can be inspected at U.S> Geological Survey offices in: 2555 E. First Street, Tucson; and 5017 Federal Building, 230 N. First Avenue, Phoenix.

  2. TRP channel proteins and signal transduction.

    PubMed

    Minke, Baruch; Cook, Boaz

    2002-04-01

    TRP channel proteins constitute a large and diverse family of proteins that are expressed in many tissues and cell types. This family was designated TRP because of a spontaneously occurring Drosophila mutant lacking TRP that responded to a continuous light with a transient receptor potential (hence TRP). In addition to responses to light, TRPs mediate responses to nerve growth factor, pheromones, olfaction, mechanical, chemical, temperature, pH, osmolarity, vasorelaxation of blood vessels, and metabolic stress. Furthermore, mutations in several members of TRP-related channel proteins are responsible for several diseases, such as several tumors and neurodegenerative disorders. TRP-related channel proteins are found in a variety of organisms, tissues, and cell types, including nonexcitable, smooth muscle, and neuronal cells. The large functional diversity of TRPs is also reflected in their diverse permeability to ions, although, in general, they are classified as nonselective cationic channels. The molecular domains that are conserved in all members of the TRP family constitute parts of the transmembrane domains and in most members also the ankyrin-like repeats at the NH2 terminal of the protein and a "TRP domain" at the COOH terminal, which is a highly conserved 25-amino acid stretch with still unknown function. All of the above features suggest that members of the TRP family are "special assignment" channels, which are recruited to diverse signaling pathways. The channels' roles and characteristics such as gating mechanism, regulation, and permeability are determined by evolution according to the specific functional requirements.

  3. Exercise training-enhanced, endothelium-dependent dilation mediated by altered regulation of BKCa channels in collateral-dependent porcine coronary arterioles

    PubMed Central

    Xie, Wei; Parker, Janet L.; Heaps, Cristine L.

    2012-01-01

    Objective Test the hypothesis that exercise training increases the contribution of large-conductance, Ca2+-dependent K+ (BKCa) channels to endothelium-mediated dilation in coronary arterioles from collateral-dependent myocardial regions of chronically occluded pig hearts and may function downstream of H2O2. Methods An ameroid constrictor was placed around the proximal left circumflex coronary artery to induce gradual occlusion in Yucatan miniature swine. Eight weeks postoperatively, pigs were randomly assigned to sedentary or exercise training (treadmill; 14 wk) regimens. Results Exercise training significantly enhanced bradykinin-mediated dilation in collateral-dependent arterioles (~125 μm diameter) compared with sedentary pigs. The BKCa-channel blocker, iberiotoxin alone or in combination with the H2O2 scavenger, polyethylene glycol catalase, reversed exercise training-enhanced dilation in collateral-dependent arterioles. Iberiotoxin-sensitive whole-cell K+ currents (i.e., BKCa-channel currents) were not different between smooth muscle cells of nonoccluded and collateral-dependent arterioles of sedentary and exercise trained groups. Conclusions These data provide evidence that BKCa-channel activity contributes to exercise training-enhanced endothelium-dependent dilation in collateral-dependent coronary arterioles despite no change in smooth muscle BKCa-channel current. Taken together, our findings suggest that a component of the bradykinin signaling pathway, which stimulates BKCa channels, is enhanced by exercise training in collateral-dependent arterioles and suggest a potential role for H2O2 as the mediator. PMID:23002811

  4. Isolation, chemical and functional characterization of several new K(+)-channel blocking peptides from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides tecomanus.

    PubMed

    Olamendi-Portugal, Timoteo; Bartok, Adam; Zamudio-Zuñiga, Fernando; Balajthy, Andras; Becerril, Baltazar; Panyi, Gyorgy; Possani, Lourival D

    2016-06-01

    Six new peptides were isolated from the venom of the Mexican scorpion Centruroides tecomanus; their primary structures were determined and the effects on ion channels were verified by patch-clamp experiments. Four are K(+)-channel blockers of the α-KTx family, containing 32 to 39 amino acid residues, cross-linked by three disulfide bonds. They all block Kv1.2 in nanomolar concentrations and show various degree of selectivity over Kv1.1, Kv1.3, Shaker and KCa3.1 channels. One peptide has 42 amino acids cross-linked by four disulfides; it blocks ERG-channels and belongs to the γ-KTx family. The sixth peptide has only 32 amino acid residues, three disulfide bonds and has no effect on the ion-channels assayed. It also does not have antimicrobial activity. Systematic numbers were assigned (time of elution on HPLC): α-KTx 10.4 (time 24.1); α-KTx 2.15 (time 26.2); α-KTx 2.16 (time 23.8); α-KTx 2.17 (time 26.7) and γ-KTx 1.9 (elution time 29.6). A partial proteomic analysis of the short chain basic peptides of this venom, which elutes on carboxy-methyl-cellulose column fractionation, is included. The pharmacological properties of the peptides described in this study may provide valuable tools for understanding the structure-function relationship of K(+) channel blocking scorpion toxins. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. 48 CFR 9904.413-40 - Fundamental requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fundamental requirement..., OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.413-40 Fundamental requirement. (a) Assignment of...

  6. 7 CFR 600.2 - National headquarters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...; accepting departmental leadership for programs for other activities assigned by the Secretary of Agriculture... assist the Chief as follows: (1) Deputy Chief for Management. The Deputy Chief for Management is responsible for policies, guidelines, and standards for management services, human resources management...

  7. 48 CFR 9903.301 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Section 9903.301 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS.... Asset accountability unit. See 9904.404-30. Assignment of cost to cost accounting periods. See 9903.302...

  8. 48 CFR 9904.416-20 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... for the measurement of insurance costs, the assignment of such costs to cost accounting periods, and... Section 9904.416-20 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING...

  9. 48 CFR 9904.411-20 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... measurement and assignment of costs to cost objectives. (b) This Cost Accounting Standard does not cover... Section 9904.411-20 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING...

  10. Management Information in Tertiary Institutions.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Findlay, A. W.

    1981-01-01

    A college or university's management information system corresponds roughly to the institution's structure, with these elements in descending order in the hierarchy: policy and planning, a planning system, control and coordination, and typical operating systems (payroll, exams, scheduling, library, facilities assignments, and accounting…

  11. 47 CFR 90.175 - Frequency coordinator requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... a frequency and/or transmitter site location. (18) Applications for base, mobile, or control... Section 90.175 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES PRIVATE LAND MOBILE RADIO SERVICES Policies Governing the Assignment of Frequencies § 90.175...

  12. 47 CFR 90.175 - Frequency coordinator requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... a frequency and/or transmitter site location. (18) Applications for base, mobile, or control... Section 90.175 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES PRIVATE LAND MOBILE RADIO SERVICES Policies Governing the Assignment of Frequencies § 90.175...

  13. 32 CFR 701.122 - Medical records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... THE NAVY DOCUMENTS AFFECTING THE PUBLIC DON Privacy Program § 701.122 Medical records. (a) Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). (1) DOD Directive 6025.18 establishes policies and assigns responsibilities for implementation of the standards for privacy of individually identifiable...

  14. 32 CFR 701.122 - Medical records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... THE NAVY DOCUMENTS AFFECTING THE PUBLIC DON Privacy Program § 701.122 Medical records. (a) Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). (1) DOD Directive 6025.18 establishes policies and assigns responsibilities for implementation of the standards for privacy of individually identifiable...

  15. Using Newborn Screening Bloodspots for Research: Public Preferences for Policy Options.

    PubMed

    Hayeems, Robin Z; Miller, Fiona A; Barg, Carolyn J; Bombard, Yvonne; Cressman, Celine; Painter-Main, Michael; Wilson, Brenda; Little, Julian; Allanson, Judith; Avard, Denise; Giguere, Yves; Chakraborty, Pranesh; Carroll, June C

    2016-06-01

    Retaining residual newborn screening (NBS) bloodspots for medical research remains contentious. To inform this debate, we sought to understand public preferences for, and reasons for preferring, alternative policy options. We assessed preferences among 4 policy options for research use of residual bloodspots through a bilingual national Internet survey of a representative sample of Canadians. Fifty percent of respondents were randomly assigned to select reasons supporting these preferences. Understanding of and attitudes toward screening and research concepts, and demographics were assessed. Of 1102 respondents (94% participation rate; 47% completion rate), the overall preference among policy options was ask permission (67%); this option was also the most acceptable choice (80%). Assume permission was acceptable to 46%, no permission required was acceptable to 29%, and no research allowed was acceptable to 26%. The acceptability of the ask permission option was reduced among participants assigned to the reasoning exercise (84% vs 76%; P = .004). Compared with assume/no permission required, ordered logistic regression showed a significant reduction in preference for the ask permission option with greater understanding of concepts (odds ratio, 0.87; P < .001), greater confidence in science (odds ratio, 0.16; P < .001), and a perceived responsibility to contribute to research (odds ratio, 0.39; P < .001). Surveyed Canadians prefer that explicit permission is sought for storage and research use of NBS bloodspots. This preference was diminished when reasons supporting and opposing routine storage, and other policy options, were presented. Findings warrant consideration as NBS communities strategize to respond to shifting legislative contexts. Copyright © 2016 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

  16. Using Medicare Data for Comparative Effectiveness Research – Opportunities and Challenges

    PubMed Central

    Fung, Vicki; Brand, Richard; Newhouse, Joseph; Hsu, John

    2013-01-01

    Background With the introduction of Part D drug benefits, Medicare collects information on diagnoses, treatments, and clinical events for millions of beneficiaries. These data are a promising resource for comparative effectiveness research (CER) on treatments, benefit designs, and delivery systems. Objectives We explore the data available for researchers and approaches that could be used to enhance the value of Medicare data for CER. Challenges and Opportunities Using currently available Medicare data for CER is challenging; as with all administrative data, it is not possible to capture every factor that contributes to prescribing decisions and patients are not randomly assigned to treatments. In addition, Part D plan selection and switching may influence treatment decisions and contribute to selection bias. Exploiting certain program aspects can help address these limitations. For example, ongoing changes in Medicare or plan policies, and the random assignment of beneficiaries who receive Part D low income subsidies into plans with different formularies could yield natural experiments. Policy implications Refining policies around time to data release, provision of additional data elements, and linkage with greater beneficiary-level information would improve the value and usability of these data. Improving the transparency and reproduceability of findings, and potential open access to qualified stakeholders are also important policy considerations. Work is needed to reconcile data needs with current policies and goals. Conclusions Medicare data provides a rich resource for CER. Leveraging existing program elements combined with some administrative changes in data availability could create large datasets for evaluating treatment patterns, spending, and coverage decisions. PMID:21819169

  17. Effects of Gloss Type on Text Recall and Incidental Vocabulary Learning in Mobile-Assisted L2 Listening

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Çakmak, Fidel; Erçetin, Gülcan

    2018-01-01

    This study investigates the effects of multimedia glosses on text recall and incidental vocabulary learning in a mobile-assisted L2 listening task. A total of 88 participants with a low level of proficiency in English were randomly assigned to one of four conditions that involved single channel (textual-only, pictorial-only) and dual-channel…

  18. Method and Apparatus for Improving the Resolution of Digitally Sampled Analog Data

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Liaghati, Amir L. (Inventor)

    2017-01-01

    A system and method is described for converting an analog signal into a digital signal. The gain and offset of an ADC is dynamically adjusted so that the N-bits of input data are assigned to a narrower channel instead of the entire input range of the ADC. This provides greater resolution in the range of interest without generating longer digital data strings.

  19. Elastic, inelastic, and 1-nucleon transfer channels in the 7Li+120Sn system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kundu, A.; Santra, S.; Pal, A.; Chattopadhyay, D.; Tripathi, R.; Roy, B. J.; Nag, T. N.; Nayak, B. K.; Saxena, A.; Kailas, S.

    2017-03-01

    Background: Simultaneous description of major outgoing channels for a nuclear reaction by coupled-channels calculations using the same set of potential and coupling parameters is one of the difficult tasks to accomplish in nuclear reaction studies. Purpose: To measure the elastic, inelastic, and transfer cross sections for as many channels as possible in 7Li+120Sn system at different beam energies and simultaneously describe them by a single set of model calculations using fresco. Methods: Projectile-like fragments were detected using six sets of Si-detector telescopes to measure the cross sections for elastic, inelastic, and 1-nucleon transfer channels at two beam energies of 28 and 30 MeV. Optical model analysis of elastic data and coupled-reaction-channels (CRC) calculations that include around 30 reaction channels coupled directly to the entrance channel, with respective structural parameters, were performed to understand the measured cross sections. Results: Structure information available in the literature for some of the identified states did not reproduce the present data. Cross sections obtained from CRC calculations using a modified but single set of potential and coupling parameters were able to describe simultaneously the measured data for all the channels at both the measured energies as well as the existing data for elastic and inelastic cross sections at 44 MeV. Conclusions: Non-reproduction of some of the cross sections using the structure information available in the literature which are extracted from reactions involving different projectiles indicates that such measurements are probe dependent. New structural parameters were assigned for such states as well as for several new transfer states whose spectroscopic factors were not known.

  20. NMR investigation of the isolated second voltage-sensing domain of human Nav1.4 channel.

    PubMed

    Paramonov, A S; Lyukmanova, E N; Myshkin, M Yu; Shulepko, M A; Kulbatskii, D S; Petrosian, N S; Chugunov, A O; Dolgikh, D A; Kirpichnikov, M P; Arseniev, A S; Shenkarev, Z O

    2017-03-01

    Voltage-gated Na + channels are essential for the functioning of cardiovascular, muscular, and nervous systems. The α-subunit of eukaryotic Na + channel consists of ~2000 amino acid residues and encloses 24 transmembrane (TM) helices, which form five membrane domains: four voltage-sensing (VSD) and one pore domain. The structural complexity significantly impedes recombinant production and structural studies of full-sized Na + channels. Modular organization of voltage-gated channels gives an idea for studying of the isolated second VSD of human skeletal muscle Nav1.4 channel (VSD-II). Several variants of VSD-II (~150a.a., four TM helices) with different N- and C-termini were produced by cell-free expression. Screening of membrane mimetics revealed low stability of VSD-II samples in media containing phospholipids (bicelles, nanodiscs) associated with the aggregation of electrically neutral domain molecules. The almost complete resonance assignment of 13 C, 15 N-labeled VSD-II was obtained in LPPG micelles. The secondary structure of VSD-II showed similarity with the structures of bacterial Na + channels. The fragment of S4 TM helix between the first and second conserved Arg residues probably adopts 3 10 -helical conformation. Water accessibility of S3 helix, observed by the Mn 2+ titration, pointed to the formation of water-filled crevices in the micelle embedded VSD-II. 15 N relaxation data revealed characteristic pattern of μs-ms time scale motions in the VSD-II regions sharing expected interhelical contacts. VSD-II demonstrated enhanced mobility at ps-ns time scale as compared to isolated VSDs of K + channels. These results validate structural studies of isolated VSDs of Na + channels and show possible pitfalls in application of this 'divide and conquer' approach. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  1. Impact of Open Data Policies on Consent to Participate in Human Subjects Research: Discrepancies between Participant Action and Reported Concerns

    PubMed Central

    2015-01-01

    Research outlets are increasingly adopting open data policies as a requisite for publication, including studies with human subjects data. We investigated whether open data policies influence participants’ rate of consent by randomly assigning participants to view consent forms with and without discussion of open data policies. No participants declined to participate, regardless of condition, nor did rates of drop-out vs. completion vary between conditions. Furthermore, no significant change in potential consent rates was reported when participants were openly asked about the influence of open data policies on their likelihood of consent. However, follow-up analyses indicated possible poor attention to consent forms, consistent with previous research. Moreover, thematic analysis of participants’ considerations of open data policy indicated multiple considerations such as concerns regarding confidentiality, anonymity, data security, and study sensitivity. The impact of open data policies on participation raises complex issues at the intersection of ethics and scientific innovation. We conclude by encouraging researchers to consider participants as stakeholders in open data policy and by providing recommendations for open data policies in human subjects research. PMID:25993308

  2. Impact of Open Data Policies on Consent to Participate in Human Subjects Research: Discrepancies between Participant Action and Reported Concerns.

    PubMed

    Cummings, Jorden A; Zagrodney, Jessica M; Day, T Eugene

    2015-01-01

    Research outlets are increasingly adopting open data policies as a requisite for publication, including studies with human subjects data. We investigated whether open data policies influence participants' rate of consent by randomly assigning participants to view consent forms with and without discussion of open data policies. No participants declined to participate, regardless of condition, nor did rates of drop-out vs. completion vary between conditions. Furthermore, no significant change in potential consent rates was reported when participants were openly asked about the influence of open data policies on their likelihood of consent. However, follow-up analyses indicated possible poor attention to consent forms, consistent with previous research. Moreover, thematic analysis of participants' considerations of open data policy indicated multiple considerations such as concerns regarding confidentiality, anonymity, data security, and study sensitivity. The impact of open data policies on participation raises complex issues at the intersection of ethics and scientific innovation. We conclude by encouraging researchers to consider participants as stakeholders in open data policy and by providing recommendations for open data policies in human subjects research.

  3. Policies, Practices, and the Effect of Gender Discrimination on the Integration of Women Officers in the Department of the Navy

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1994-03-01

    controls productivity by regulating lunch and toilet breaks as well as physical movement within the workplace . Researchers have observed that women are more...Weak Link. The Feminization of the American Military, that "the presence of women in the military inhibits male bonding, corrupts allegiance to the...assignment policies that restrict most women to "traditional" clerical and fleet- support occupational fields. I. M&SCULINE HEQGONY Then-Commandant of the

  4. Lessons Learned (Vietnam)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1966-01-01

    and the establishing of joint procedures whereby the above could be accom- plished." USCONARC Comment , Current Tactical Air Command policy ...i.-. . O¼* / t, O231ZGhni stnd~rz...on o ffi.eor -,as assigned. Heo cc= Cncd init~ia2 p...n... to ztais. _an Aviatioc. Ei-;adc standar-dization progr...all concerned. Parag~raphs 2 and 3 contain ma-"erz d-icussed and 6-uidance presented at the Co-ander’s Conierence held this date. 2. POLICY a. F71vin7

  5. An Overview and Comparison of Demand Assignment Multiple Access (DAMA) Concepts for Satellite Communications Networks,

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1996-01-01

    helps improve public policy through research and analysis . RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of its research...celebrating 50 years of service to the United States Air Force. Project AIR FORCE began in March 1946 as Project RAND at Douglas Aircraft Company , under...through research and analysis for the public welfare and security of the United States—what is known today as RAND. Contents Preface iii Figures ix

  6. Statistical-QoS Guaranteed Energy Efficiency Optimization for Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks

    PubMed Central

    Cheng, Wenchi; Zhang, Hailin

    2017-01-01

    Energy harvesting, which offers a never-ending energy supply, has emerged as a prominent technology to prolong the lifetime and reduce costs for the battery-powered wireless sensor networks. However, how to improve the energy efficiency while guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS) for energy harvesting based wireless sensor networks is still an open problem. In this paper, we develop statistical delay-bounded QoS-driven power control policies to maximize the effective energy efficiency (EEE), which is defined as the spectrum efficiency under given specified QoS constraints per unit harvested energy, for energy harvesting based wireless sensor networks. For the battery-infinite wireless sensor networks, our developed QoS-driven power control policy converges to the Energy harvesting Water Filling (E-WF) scheme and the Energy harvesting Channel Inversion (E-CI) scheme under the very loose and stringent QoS constraints, respectively. For the battery-finite wireless sensor networks, our developed QoS-driven power control policy becomes the Truncated energy harvesting Water Filling (T-WF) scheme and the Truncated energy harvesting Channel Inversion (T-CI) scheme under the very loose and stringent QoS constraints, respectively. Furthermore, we evaluate the outage probabilities to theoretically analyze the performance of our developed QoS-driven power control policies. The obtained numerical results validate our analysis and show that our developed optimal power control policies can optimize the EEE over energy harvesting based wireless sensor networks. PMID:28832509

  7. Statistical-QoS Guaranteed Energy Efficiency Optimization for Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks.

    PubMed

    Gao, Ya; Cheng, Wenchi; Zhang, Hailin

    2017-08-23

    Energy harvesting, which offers a never-ending energy supply, has emerged as a prominent technology to prolong the lifetime and reduce costs for the battery-powered wireless sensor networks. However, how to improve the energy efficiency while guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS) for energy harvesting based wireless sensor networks is still an open problem. In this paper, we develop statistical delay-bounded QoS-driven power control policies to maximize the effective energy efficiency (EEE), which is defined as the spectrum efficiency under given specified QoS constraints per unit harvested energy, for energy harvesting based wireless sensor networks. For the battery-infinite wireless sensor networks, our developed QoS-driven power control policy converges to the Energy harvesting Water Filling (E-WF) scheme and the Energy harvesting Channel Inversion (E-CI) scheme under the very loose and stringent QoS constraints, respectively. For the battery-finite wireless sensor networks, our developed QoS-driven power control policy becomes the Truncated energy harvesting Water Filling (T-WF) scheme and the Truncated energy harvesting Channel Inversion (T-CI) scheme under the very loose and stringent QoS constraints, respectively. Furthermore, we evaluate the outage probabilities to theoretically analyze the performance of our developed QoS-driven power control policies. The obtained numerical results validate our analysis and show that our developed optimal power control policies can optimize the EEE over energy harvesting based wireless sensor networks.

  8. Oil prices, fiscal policy, and economic growth in oil-exporting countries

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    El-Anshasy, Amany A.

    This dissertation argues that in oil-exporting countries fiscal policy could play an important role in transmitting the oil shocks to the economy and that the indirect effects of the changes in oil prices via the fiscal channel could be quite significant. The study comprises three distinct, yet related, essays. In the first essay, I try to study the fiscal policy response to the changes in oil prices and to their growing volatility. In a dynamic general equilibrium framework, a fiscal policy reaction function is derived and is empirically tested for a panel of 15 oil-exporters covering the period 1970--2000. After the link between oil price shocks and fiscal policy is established, the second essay tries to investigate the impact of the highly volatile oil prices on economic growth for the same sample, controlling for the fiscal channel. In both essays the study employs recent dynamic panel-data estimation techniques: System GMM. This approach has the potential advantages of minimizing the bias resulting from estimating dynamic panel models, exploiting the time series properties of the data, controlling for the unobserved country-specific effects, and correcting for any simultaneity bias. In the third essay, I focus on the case of Venezuela for the period 1950--2001. The recent developments in the cointegrating vector autoregression, CVAR technique is applied to provide a suitable framework for analyzing the short-run dynamics and the long-run relationships among oil prices, government revenues, government consumption, investment, and output.

  9. Tunable thin film filters for intelligent WDM networks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cahill, Michael; Bartolini, Glenn; Lourie, Mark; Domash, Lawrence

    2006-08-01

    Optical transmission systems have evolved rapidly in recent years with the emergence of new technologies for gain management, wavelength multiplexing, tunability, and switching. WDM networks are increasingly expected to be agile, flexible, and reconfigurable which in turn has led to a need for monitoring to be more widely distributed within the network. Automation of many actions performed on these networks, such as channel provisioning and power balancing, can only be realized by the addition of optical channel monitors (OCMs). These devices provide information about the optical transmission system including the number of optical channels, channel identification, wavelength, power, and in some cases optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR). Until recently OCMs were costly and bulky and thus the number of OCMs used in optical networks was often kept to a minimum. We describe a family of tunable thin film filters which have greatly reduced the cost and physical footprint of channel monitors, making possible 'monitoring everywhere' for intelligent optical networks which can serve long haul, metro and access requirements from a single technology platform. As examples of specific applications we discuss network issues such as auto provisioning, wavelength collision avoidance, power balancing, OSNR balancing, gain equalization, alien wavelength recognition, interoperability, and other requirements assigned to the emerging concept of an Optical Control Plane.

  10. 48 CFR 970.0370-1 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... management and quality control to discourage waste, fraud and abuse; and to ensure that components, products, and services that are provided to the Department of Energy (DOE) satisfy the contractor's obligations... for effective management systems and internal controls within their areas of assigned responsibility...

  11. 48 CFR 9904.407-20 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... measurement and cost assignment. (b) This Cost Accounting Standard is not intended to cover the use of pre... Section 9904.407-20 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING...

  12. 7 CFR 400.302 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS Non-Standard Underwriting Classification System Regulations for... the total production to count as defined in the insurance policy, divided by insured acres. Assigned.... Entity—means a person as defined in this subpart other than an individual. Indemnified loss means a loss...

  13. 32 CFR 242.4 - Policies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... section on obligated service requirements.) (b) In making admissions decisions, the School will adhere to... entrance shall be judged strictly on merit, in terms of demonstrated aptitude, motivation, and potential... the extent possible in making Service assignments. However, to insure that the makeup of each entering...

  14. A study and experiment plan for digital mobile communication via satellite

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Jones, J. J.; Craighill, E. J.; Evans, R. G.; Vincze, A. D.; Tom, N. N.

    1978-01-01

    The viability of mobile communications is examined within the context of a frequency division multiple access, single channel per carrier satellite system emphasizing digital techniques to serve a large population of users. The intent is to provide the mobile users with a grade of service consistant with the requirements for remote, rural (perhaps emergency) voice communications, but which approaches toll quality speech. A traffic model is derived on which to base the determination of the required maximum number of satellite channels to provide the anticipated level of service. Various voice digitalization and digital modulation schemes are reviewed along with a general link analysis of the mobile system. Demand assignment multiple access considerations and analysis tradeoffs are presented. Finally, a completed configuration is described.

  15. Development of authentication code for multi-access optical code division multiplexing based quantum key distribution

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Taiwo, Ambali; Alnassar, Ghusoon; Bakar, M. H. Abu; Khir, M. F. Abdul; Mahdi, Mohd Adzir; Mokhtar, M.

    2018-05-01

    One-weight authentication code for multi-user quantum key distribution (QKD) is proposed. The code is developed for Optical Code Division Multiplexing (OCDMA) based QKD network. A unique address assigned to individual user, coupled with degrading probability of predicting the source of the qubit transmitted in the channel offer excellent secure mechanism against any form of channel attack on OCDMA based QKD network. Flexibility in design as well as ease of modifying the number of users are equally exceptional quality presented by the code in contrast to Optical Orthogonal Code (OOC) earlier implemented for the same purpose. The code was successfully applied to eight simultaneous users at effective key rate of 32 bps over 27 km transmission distance.

  16. Citizen Participation in Education: School Volunteers Broaden the Definition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Alden, John W.

    1980-01-01

    Most citizen participation in schools involves direct service that helps to enrich the educational opportunities of children. Public policy has erred in recent years by channeling parents' interest in education solely into advisory roles. (Author/MLF)

  17. 10 CFR 1.47 - NRC Regional Offices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... NRC Regional Offices. Each Regional Administrator executes established NRC policies and assigned... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false NRC Regional Offices. 1.47 Section 1.47 Energy NUCLEAR... response within Regional boundaries set out in § 1.5(b) of this part. ...

  18. 10 CFR 1.47 - NRC Regional Offices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... NRC Regional Offices. Each Regional Administrator executes established NRC policies and assigned... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false NRC Regional Offices. 1.47 Section 1.47 Energy NUCLEAR... response within Regional boundaries set out in § 1.5(b) of this part. ...

  19. 32 CFR 16.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Purpose. 16.1 Section 16.1 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MILITARY COMMISSIONS SENTENCING § 16.1 Purpose. This part promulgates policy, assigns responsibilities, and prescribes procedures for matters related to...

  20. 32 CFR 16.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Purpose. 16.1 Section 16.1 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MILITARY COMMISSIONS SENTENCING § 16.1 Purpose. This part promulgates policy, assigns responsibilities, and prescribes procedures for matters related to...

  1. 32 CFR 16.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Purpose. 16.1 Section 16.1 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MILITARY COMMISSIONS SENTENCING § 16.1 Purpose. This part promulgates policy, assigns responsibilities, and prescribes procedures for matters related to...

  2. 32 CFR 16.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Purpose. 16.1 Section 16.1 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MILITARY COMMISSIONS SENTENCING § 16.1 Purpose. This part promulgates policy, assigns responsibilities, and prescribes procedures for matters related to...

  3. University Administrators as Forced Language Policy Agents. An Institutional Ethnography of Parallel Language Strategy and Practices at the University of Copenhagen

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Siiner, Maarja

    2016-01-01

    Nation states increasingly assign the responsibility for meeting the global competitiveness agenda to the universities themselves [Cirius, 2009, "Mobilitetsstatistik for de videregaaende uddannelser 2007/08" [Mobility statistics for higher education 2007/08

  4. 47 CFR 5.85 - Frequencies and policy governing their assignment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ....121(b) of this chapter. Applications for stations (except mobile stations) that will produce on any.... Prospective applicants may communicate with the Technology Division, Compliance and Information Bureau... facilities (except mobile stations). In such instances, the following is a suggested guide for determining...

  5. 32 CFR 223.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Purpose. 223.1 Section 223.1 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS DOD UNCLASSIFIED CONTROLLED NUCLEAR INFORMATION (UCNI) § 223.1 Purpose. This part: (a) Updates policies, assigns...

  6. 32 CFR 223.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Purpose. 223.1 Section 223.1 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS DOD UNCLASSIFIED CONTROLLED NUCLEAR INFORMATION (UCNI) § 223.1 Purpose. This part: (a) Updates policies, assigns...

  7. 5 CFR 870.907 - Termination and conversion.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Termination and conversion. 870.907....907 Termination and conversion. (a) Assigned insurance terminates under the conditions stated in... time the conversion policy is issued. (5) The employing office must notify each assignee of the...

  8. 5 CFR 870.907 - Termination and conversion.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Termination and conversion. 870.907....907 Termination and conversion. (a) Assigned insurance terminates under the conditions stated in... time the conversion policy is issued. (5) The employing office must notify each assignee of the...

  9. 7 CFR 1710.400 - Initial contact.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE GENERAL AND PRE-LOAN POLICIES AND PROCEDURES COMMON TO ELECTRIC LOANS AND GUARANTEES Application... Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250-1500. A field or headquarters staff representative may be... outstanding loans should contact their assigned RUS general field representative (GFR) or, in the case of a...

  10. 7 CFR 1710.400 - Initial contact.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE GENERAL AND PRE-LOAN POLICIES AND PROCEDURES COMMON TO ELECTRIC LOANS AND GUARANTEES Application... Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250-1500. A field or headquarters staff representative may be... outstanding loans should contact their assigned RUS general field representative (GFR) or, in the case of a...

  11. Ethical Issues in Editing Scholarly Journals.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stryker, Sheldon

    1990-01-01

    Discusses ethical issues that arise when serving as an editor of a scholarly journal. Suggests treating these issues using paradigm-based decisions; decisions based on personal sociological predilections and commitments; and reasonable referee-assignment policies. Notes how conflicts of interest inevitably accompanying such a position. (NL)

  12. 47 CFR 90.175 - Frequency coordinator requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... site location. (18) Applications for base, mobile, or control stations in the 763-768 MHz and 793-798... Section 90.175 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES PRIVATE LAND MOBILE RADIO SERVICES Policies Governing the Assignment of Frequencies § 90.175...

  13. 47 CFR 90.175 - Frequency coordinator requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... site location. (18) Applications for base, mobile, or control stations in the 763-768 MHz and 793-798... Section 90.175 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES PRIVATE LAND MOBILE RADIO SERVICES Policies Governing the Assignment of Frequencies § 90.175...

  14. 32 CFR 60.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Purpose. 60.1 Section 60.1 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN FAMILY ADVOCACY COMMAND ASSISTANCE TEAM (FACAT) § 60.1 Purpose. This part establishes policy, assigns responsibilities...

  15. Using Carbon Emissions Data to "Heat Up" Descriptive Statistics

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brooks, Robert

    2012-01-01

    This article illustrates using carbon emissions data in an introductory statistics assignment. The carbon emissions data has desirable characteristics including: choice of measure; skewness; and outliers. These complexities allow research and public policy debate to be introduced. (Contains 4 figures and 2 tables.)

  16. 32 CFR 159.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Purpose. 159.1 Section 159.1 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE SECURITY PRIVATE SECURITY CONTRACTORS OPERATING IN CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS § 159.1 Purpose. This part establishes policy, assigns responsibilities and provides...

  17. MSFC personnel management tasks: Recruitment and orientation of new employees

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Brindley, T. A.

    1980-01-01

    In order to encourage highly motivated young students to learn about NASA and consider it for a career, a formal program is to be initiated whereby selected students can work on a voluntary basis at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). The first task was to develop the working plan and procedures for this program, called Student Volunteer Service Program, in the writing of MSFC official guidelines, the Marshall Management Instruction (the MMI) which is a binding document that defines policy and establishes procedures and guidelines. Particular considerations written into the MMI after numerous consultations, interviews, and discussions about a satisfactory policy, include: arrangements to be made between the student, the school authorities, and concerned MSFC employees; management of the work assignments; and procedures for the student's welfare and safety. The second task was the development of a recruitment brochure for the attraction of new employees, especially scientists and engineers. The third task assigned was to develop a plan called Orientation of New Employees.

  18. Post-middle Miocene accretion of Franciscan rocks, northwestern California.

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    McLaughlin, R.J.; Kling, S.A.; Poore, R.Z.; McDougall, K.; Beutner, E.C.

    1982-01-01

    Deformed sedimentary rocks assigned to the Franciscan assemblage in the King Range S of Cape Mendocino, N California, are dominantly deep-water argillite and sandstone occurring as thick- to thin-bedded, locally channelized marine turbidities of arkosic to andesitic volcaniclastic composition. The King Range appears to be a displaced terrane of oceanic basement overlain by Palaeogene(?) and Neogene sedimentary and igneous rocks of continental and oceanic derivation.-Authors

  19. 47 CFR 90.257 - Assignment and use of frequencies in the band 72-76 MHz.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... any harmful interference caused by his operation to TV reception on either Channel 4 or 5 that might... 72-76 MHz fixed station less than 128 km (80 mi.) but more than 16 km (10 mi.) from the site of a TV... km (70 mi.) distant from the TV antenna site, located within a circle centered at the location of the...

  20. 47 CFR 90.257 - Assignment and use of frequencies in the band 72-76 MHz.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... any harmful interference caused by his operation to TV reception on either Channel 4 or 5 that might... 72-76 MHz fixed station less than 128 km (80 mi.) but more than 16 km (10 mi.) from the site of a TV... km (70 mi.) distant from the TV antenna site, located within a circle centered at the location of the...

  1. 47 CFR 90.257 - Assignment and use of frequencies in the band 72-76 MHz.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... any harmful interference caused by his operation to TV reception on either Channel 4 or 5 that might... 72-76 MHz fixed station less than 128 km (80 mi.) but more than 16 km (10 mi.) from the site of a TV... km (70 mi.) distant from the TV antenna site, located within a circle centered at the location of the...

  2. 47 CFR 90.257 - Assignment and use of frequencies in the band 72-76 MHz.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... any harmful interference caused by his operation to TV reception on either Channel 4 or 5 that might... 72-76 MHz fixed station less than 128 km (80 mi.) but more than 16 km (10 mi.) from the site of a TV... km (70 mi.) distant from the TV antenna site, located within a circle centered at the location of the...

  3. The role of service areas in the optimization of FSS orbital and frequency assignments

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Levis, C. A.; Wang, C. W.; Yamamura, Y.; Reilly, C. H.; Gonsalvez, D. J.

    1985-01-01

    A relationship is derived, on a single-entry interference basis, for the minimum allowable spacing between two satellites as a function of electrical parameters and service-area geometries. For circular beams, universal curves relate the topocentric satellite spacing angle to the service-area separation angle measured at the satellite. The corresponding geocentric spacing depends only weakly on the mean longitude of the two satellites, and this is true also for alliptical antenna beams. As a consequence, if frequency channels are preassigned, the orbital assignment synthesis of a satellite system can be formulated as a mixed-integer programming (MIP) problem or approximated by a linear programming (LP) problem, with the interference protection requirements enforced by constraints while some linear function is optimized. Possible objective-function choices are discussed and explicit formulations are presented for the choice of the sum of the absolute deviations of the orbital locations from some prescribed ideal location set. A test problem is posed consisting of six service areas, each served by one satellite, all using elliptical antenna beams and the same frequency channels. Numerical results are given for the three ideal location prescriptions for both the MIP and LP formulations. The resulting scenarios also satisfy reasonable aggregate interference protection requirements.

  4. Planck 2015 results. XXVI. The Second Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Planck Collaboration; Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Argüeso, F.; Arnaud, M.; Ashdown, M.; Aumont, J.; Baccigalupi, C.; Banday, A. J.; Barreiro, R. B.; Bartolo, N.; Battaner, E.; Beichman, C.; Benabed, K.; Benoît, A.; Benoit-Lévy, A.; Bernard, J.-P.; Bersanelli, M.; Bielewicz, P.; Bock, J. J.; Böhringer, H.; Bonaldi, A.; Bonavera, L.; Bond, J. R.; Borrill, J.; Bouchet, F. R.; Boulanger, F.; Bucher, M.; Burigana, C.; Butler, R. C.; Calabrese, E.; Cardoso, J.-F.; Carvalho, P.; Catalano, A.; Challinor, A.; Chamballu, A.; Chary, R.-R.; Chiang, H. C.; Christensen, P. R.; Clemens, M.; Clements, D. L.; Colombi, S.; Colombo, L. P. L.; Combet, C.; Couchot, F.; Coulais, A.; Crill, B. P.; Curto, A.; Cuttaia, F.; Danese, L.; Davies, R. D.; Davis, R. J.; de Bernardis, P.; de Rosa, A.; de Zotti, G.; Delabrouille, J.; Désert, F.-X.; Dickinson, C.; Diego, J. M.; Dole, H.; Donzelli, S.; Doré, O.; Douspis, M.; Ducout, A.; Dupac, X.; Efstathiou, G.; Elsner, F.; Enßlin, T. A.; Eriksen, H. K.; Falgarone, E.; Fergusson, J.; Finelli, F.; Forni, O.; Frailis, M.; Fraisse, A. A.; Franceschi, E.; Frejsel, A.; Galeotta, S.; Galli, S.; Ganga, K.; Giard, M.; Giraud-Héraud, Y.; Gjerløw, E.; González-Nuevo, J.; Górski, K. M.; Gratton, S.; Gregorio, A.; Gruppuso, A.; Gudmundsson, J. E.; Hansen, F. K.; Hanson, D.; Harrison, D. L.; Helou, G.; Henrot-Versillé, S.; Hernández-Monteagudo, C.; Herranz, D.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Hivon, E.; Hobson, M.; Holmes, W. A.; Hornstrup, A.; Hovest, W.; Huffenberger, K. M.; Hurier, G.; Jaffe, A. H.; Jaffe, T. R.; Jones, W. C.; Juvela, M.; Keihänen, E.; Keskitalo, R.; Kisner, T. S.; Kneissl, R.; Knoche, J.; Kunz, M.; Kurki-Suonio, H.; Lagache, G.; Lähteenmäki, A.; Lamarre, J.-M.; Lasenby, A.; Lattanzi, M.; Lawrence, C. R.; Leahy, J. P.; Leonardi, R.; León-Tavares, J.; Lesgourgues, J.; Levrier, F.; Liguori, M.; Lilje, P. B.; Linden-Vørnle, M.; López-Caniego, M.; Lubin, P. M.; Macías-Pérez, J. F.; Maggio, G.; Maino, D.; Mandolesi, N.; Mangilli, A.; Maris, M.; Marshall, D. J.; Martin, P. G.; Martínez-González, E.; Masi, S.; Matarrese, S.; McGehee, P.; Meinhold, P. R.; Melchiorri, A.; Mendes, L.; Mennella, A.; Migliaccio, M.; Mitra, S.; Miville-Deschênes, M.-A.; Moneti, A.; Montier, L.; Morgante, G.; Mortlock, D.; Moss, A.; Munshi, D.; Murphy, J. A.; Naselsky, P.; Nati, F.; Natoli, P.; Negrello, M.; Netterfield, C. B.; Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U.; Noviello, F.; Novikov, D.; Novikov, I.; Oxborrow, C. A.; Paci, F.; Pagano, L.; Pajot, F.; Paladini, R.; Paoletti, D.; Partridge, B.; Pasian, F.; Patanchon, G.; Pearson, T. J.; Perdereau, O.; Perotto, L.; Perrotta, F.; Pettorino, V.; Piacentini, F.; Piat, M.; Pierpaoli, E.; Pietrobon, D.; Plaszczynski, S.; Pointecouteau, E.; Polenta, G.; Pratt, G. W.; Prézeau, G.; Prunet, S.; Puget, J.-L.; Rachen, J. P.; Reach, W. T.; Rebolo, R.; Reinecke, M.; Remazeilles, M.; Renault, C.; Renzi, A.; Ristorcelli, I.; Rocha, G.; Rosset, C.; Rossetti, M.; Roudier, G.; Rowan-Robinson, M.; Rubiño-Martín, J. A.; Rusholme, B.; Sandri, M.; Sanghera, H. S.; Santos, D.; Savelainen, M.; Savini, G.; Scott, D.; Seiffert, M. D.; Shellard, E. P. S.; Spencer, L. D.; Stolyarov, V.; Sudiwala, R.; Sunyaev, R.; Sutton, D.; Suur-Uski, A.-S.; Sygnet, J.-F.; Tauber, J. A.; Terenzi, L.; Toffolatti, L.; Tomasi, M.; Tornikoski, M.; Tristram, M.; Tucci, M.; Tuovinen, J.; Türler, M.; Umana, G.; Valenziano, L.; Valiviita, J.; Van Tent, B.; Vielva, P.; Villa, F.; Wade, L. A.; Walter, B.; Wandelt, B. D.; Wehus, I. K.; Yvon, D.; Zacchei, A.; Zonca, A.

    2016-09-01

    The Second Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources is a list of discrete objects detected in single-frequency maps from the full duration of the Planck mission and supersedes previous versions. It consists of compact sources, both Galactic and extragalactic, detected over the entire sky. Compact sources detected in the lower frequency channels are assigned to the PCCS2, while at higher frequencies they are assigned to one of two subcatalogues, the PCCS2 or PCCS2E, depending on their location on the sky. The first of these (PCCS2) covers most of the sky and allows the user to produce subsamples at higher reliabilities than the target 80% integral reliability of the catalogue. The second (PCCS2E) contains sources detected in sky regions where the diffuse emission makes it difficult to quantify the reliability of the detections. Both the PCCS2 and PCCS2E include polarization measurements, in the form of polarized flux densities, or upper limits, and orientation angles for all seven polarization-sensitive Planck channels. The improved data-processing of the full-mission maps and their reduced noise levels allow us to increase the number of objects in the catalogue, improving its completeness for the target 80% reliability as compared with the previous versions, the PCCS and the Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC).

  5. Ultrafast excited-state dynamics of 2,5-dimethylpyrrole.

    PubMed

    Yang, Dongyuan; Min, Yanjun; Chen, Zhichao; He, Zhigang; Yuan, Kaijun; Dai, Dongxu; Yang, Xueming; Wu, Guorong

    2018-04-17

    The ultrafast excited-state dynamics of 2,5-dimethylpyrrole following excitation at wavelengths in the range of 265.7-216.7 nm is studied using the time-resolved photoelectron imaging method. It is found that excitation at longer wavelengths (265.7-250.2 nm) results in the population of the S1(1πσ*) state, which decays out of the photoionization window in about 90 fs. At shorter pump wavelengths (242.1-216.7 nm), the assignments are less clear-cut. We tentatively assign the initially photoexcited state(s) to the 1π3p Rydberg state(s) which has lifetimes of 159 ± 20, 125 ± 15, 102 ± 10 and 88 ± 10 fs for the pump wavelengths of 242.1, 238.1, 232.6 and 216.7 nm, respectively. Internal conversion to the S1(1πσ*) state represents at most a minor decay channel. The methyl substitution effects on the decay dynamics of the excited states of pyrrole are also discussed. Methyl substitution on the pyrrole ring seems to enhance the direct internal conversion from the 1π3p Rydberg state to the ground state, while methyl substitution on the N atom has less influence and the internal conversion to the S1(πσ*) state represents a main channel.

  6. Self-organizing feature maps for dynamic control of radio resources in CDMA microcellular networks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hortos, William S.

    1998-03-01

    The application of artificial neural networks to the channel assignment problem for cellular code-division multiple access (CDMA) cellular networks has previously been investigated. CDMA takes advantage of voice activity and spatial isolation because its capacity is only interference limited, unlike time-division multiple access (TDMA) and frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) where capacities are bandwidth-limited. Any reduction in interference in CDMA translates linearly into increased capacity. To satisfy the high demands for new services and improved connectivity for mobile communications, microcellular and picocellular systems are being introduced. For these systems, there is a need to develop robust and efficient management procedures for the allocation of power and spectrum to maximize radio capacity. Topology-conserving mappings play an important role in the biological processing of sensory inputs. The same principles underlying Kohonen's self-organizing feature maps (SOFMs) are applied to the adaptive control of radio resources to minimize interference, hence, maximize capacity in direct-sequence (DS) CDMA networks. The approach based on SOFMs is applied to some published examples of both theoretical and empirical models of DS/CDMA microcellular networks in metropolitan areas. The results of the approach for these examples are informally compared to the performance of algorithms, based on Hopfield- Tank neural networks and on genetic algorithms, for the channel assignment problem.

  7. TDM/FM/FDMA - A modulation technique for multiple-beam satellites which precludes cochannel interference and allows non-uniform geographic distribution of user channels

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Springett, J. C.

    1982-01-01

    The technique outlined in this paper is intended to eliminate the problems of cochannel interference and uniform geographic distribution of user channels which arise in conventional designs for a multiple spot beam communication satellite to serve mobile telephony users across the CONUS. By time multiplexing FM/FDMA signal ensembles so that only those beams operating on distinct frequency subbands are allowed to transmit concurrently, cochannel interference arising from simultaneous frequency subband reuse is precluded. Thus, time disjoint frequency reuse is accomplished over a repetitive sequence of fixed time slots. By assigning different size subbands to each time slot, a market of nonuniform users can be accommodated. The technique results in a greatly simplified antenna feed system design for the satellite, at a cost of imposing the need for time slot synchronization on the mobile FM receivers whose ability for rejecting adjacent channel interference is somewhat diminished.

  8. An alternative resource sharing scheme for land mobile satellite services

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Yan, Tsun-Yee; Sue, Miles K.

    1990-01-01

    A preliminary comparison between the two competing channelization concepts for the Land Mobile Satellite Services (LMSS), namely frequency division (FD) and code division (CD), is presented. Both random access and demand-assigned approaches are considered under these concepts. The CD concept is compared with the traditional FD concept based on the system consideration and a projected traffic model. It is shown that CD is not particularly attractive for the first generation Mobile Satellite Services because of the spectral occupancy of the network bandwidth. However, the CD concept is a viable alternative for future systems such as the personal access satellite system (PASS) in the Ka-band spectrum where spectral efficiency is not of prime concern. The effects of power robbing and voice activity factor are incorporated. It was shown that the traditional rule of thumb of dividing the number of raw channels by the voice activity factor to obtain the effective number of channels is only valid asymptotically as the aggregated traffic approaches infinity.

  9. Branching and competition of ultrafast photochemical reactions of cyclooctatriene and bicyclooctadiene

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kosma, Kyriaki; Trushin, Sergei A.; Schmid, Wolfram E.; Fuß, Werner

    2015-12-01

    The main primary photoproducts of cycloocta-1,3,5-triene (COT) are a strained mono-E isomer, Z,Z-octatetraene (OT, from electrocyclic ring opening) and benzene + ethylene. We investigated the excited-state dynamics of COT by time-resolved mass spectroscopy, probing by near-IR photoionization. Unexpectedly, we found only one reaction channel. We assign it to the pericyclic reactions. Evidence for an early branching between this and the Z-E channel is taken from previous resonance Raman data. This channel confirms previously formulated rules on the excited states involved, the reaction path and driving forces and contributes to their rationalization. Bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-2,4-diene undergoes only two pericyclic reactions: ring opening to OT and cleavage to benzene + ethylene. We investigated it briefly in its equilibrium mixture with COT. The data are consistent with a common path on the excited surfaces. Suggestions are made for structures of conical intersections, and driving forces are considered. All processes were found to be barrierless.

  10. TDM/FM/FDMA - A modulation technique for multiple-beam satellites which precludes cochannel interference and allows non-uniform geographic distribution of user channels

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Springett, J. C.

    The technique outlined in this paper is intended to eliminate the problems of cochannel interference and uniform geographic distribution of user channels which arise in conventional designs for a multiple spot beam communication satellite to serve mobile telephony users across the CONUS. By time multiplexing FM/FDMA signal ensembles so that only those beams operating on distinct frequency subbands are allowed to transmit concurrently, cochannel interference arising from simultaneous frequency subband reuse is precluded. Thus, time disjoint frequency reuse is accomplished over a repetitive sequence of fixed time slots. By assigning different size subbands to each time slot, a market of nonuniform users can be accommodated. The technique results in a greatly simplified antenna feed system design for the satellite, at a cost of imposing the need for time slot synchronization on the mobile FM receivers whose ability for rejecting adjacent channel interference is somewhat diminished.

  11. An alternative resource sharing scheme for land mobile satellite services

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yan, Tsun-Yee; Sue, Miles K.

    A preliminary comparison between the two competing channelization concepts for the Land Mobile Satellite Services (LMSS), namely frequency division (FD) and code division (CD), is presented. Both random access and demand-assigned approaches are considered under these concepts. The CD concept is compared with the traditional FD concept based on the system consideration and a projected traffic model. It is shown that CD is not particularly attractive for the first generation Mobile Satellite Services because of the spectral occupancy of the network bandwidth. However, the CD concept is a viable alternative for future systems such as the personal access satellite system (PASS) in the Ka-band spectrum where spectral efficiency is not of prime concern. The effects of power robbing and voice activity factor are incorporated. It was shown that the traditional rule of thumb of dividing the number of raw channels by the voice activity factor to obtain the effective number of channels is only valid asymptotically as the aggregated traffic approaches infinity.

  12. Yakima/Klickitat Fisheries Project Genetic Studies; Yakima/Klickitat Fisheries Project Monitoring and Evaluation, 2000-2001 Annual Report.

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Busack, Craig A.; Schroder, Steven L.; Young, Sewall F.

    2002-11-01

    Genetic work for 2001 consisted of two major phases, both reported on here. The first is a DNA microsatellite analysis of several hundred juveniles from the experimental spawning channel at the Cle Elum Supplementation Research Facility, using the genetic markers to assign the juveniles to parents, and thus judge reproductive success of individual fish. The second is a reevaluation and revision of plans for studying domestication in the spring chinook supplementation effort. The pedigree analysis was significant in three respects. First, it showed that this approach can be successfully applied to the spawning channel research. Secondly it showed that thismore » approach does indeed yield very useful information about the relative reproductive success of fish in the channel. Finally, it showed that this information can yield additional information about the experimental design. Of the 961 juveniles on which analysis was attempted, 774 yielded enough genetic information to be used in the pedigree analysis. Of these, 754 were assigned to males and females known to have been placed into the channel. Of the other 20, all were assignable to females, but sires were unknown. The genotypes of 17 of these were consistent with a single theoretical male genotype, suggesting a single precocial male sired them. The inferred parentage of the fish demonstrated that there had been substantial leakage of juveniles from one section of the channel into another. Reproductive success of females was fairly even, but success of males varied considerably. In a group of seven males (including the hypothetical one), one contributed 79% of the progeny analyzed, and three contributed none. The domestication experimental design evaluation was prompted by a critical review of the project by the Independent Scientific Review Panel (ISRP). The ISRP review set into motion a design revision process which extended beyond the contract period; the report presented here is intended to be an account of our work through the end of the contract period, so does not include developments beyond that point. As such, combined with the upcoming 2002 report, it will provide a complete record of our process through the experimental design revision process. The current report contains the following: (1) An explanation of the general concept of domestication, and why domestication is a concern in the YKFP spring chinook program; (2) A discussion of the basics of experimental design for domestication; (3) A history of domestication experimental design for domestication in the YKFP; (4) A review of potential designs that would answer the ISRP's criticisms; (5) A revised design containing the following elements--A control line under continuous hatchery culture (i.e.; no spawning in the wild); use of the Naches population, where appropriate, as a wild control line; (6) Cryopreservation of sperm for later evaluation of long-term genetic trend; and (7) Continuous monitoring of phenotypic trend in the supplemented line.« less

  13. Expression of the P/Q (Cav2.1) calcium channel in nodose sensory neurons and arterial baroreceptors.

    PubMed

    Tatalovic, Milos; Glazebrook, Patricia A; Kunze, Diana L

    2012-06-27

    The predominant calcium current in nodose sensory neurons, including the subpopulation of baroreceptor neurons, is the N-type channel, Cav2.2. It is also the primary calcium channel responsible for transmitter release at their presynaptic terminals in the nucleus of the solitary tract in the brainstem. The P/Q channel, Cav2.1, the other major calcium channel responsible for transmitter release at mammalian synapses, represents only 15-20% of total calcium current in the general population of sensory neurons and makes a minor contribution to transmitter release at the presynaptic terminal. In the present study we identified a subpopulation of the largest nodose neurons (capacitance>50pF) in which, surprisingly, Cav2.1 represents over 50% of the total calcium current, differing from the remainder of the population. Consistent with these electrophysiological data, anti-Cav2.1 antibody labeling was more membrane delimited in a subgroup of the large neurons in slices of nodose ganglia. Data reported in other synapses in the central nervous system assign different roles in synaptic information transfer to the P/Q-type versus N-type calcium channels. The study raises the possibility that the P/Q channel which has been associated with high fidelity transmission at other central synapses serves a similar function in this group of large myelinated sensory afferents, including arterial baroreceptors where a high frequency regular discharge pattern signals the pressure pulse. This contrasts to the irregular lower frequency discharge of the unmyelinated fibers that make up the majority of the sensory population and that utilize the N-type channel in synaptic transmission. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Emerging Telecommunications Technologies (Part 2). Hearing before the Subcommittee on Telecommunications and Finance of the Committee on Energy and Commerce on H.R. 1407, a Bill To Establish Procedures To Improve the Allocation and Assignment to the Electromagnetic Spectrum. House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, First Session.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Energy and Commerce.

    A discussion of H.R. 1407, a bill to establish procedures to improve the allocation and assignment to the electromagnetic spectrum centered on the current policy of allocating portions of the spectrum through lotteries and auction. This report includes a copy of the bill, the text of testimony presented and materials submitted for the record, and…

  15. Designing long-term fish community assessments in connecting channels: Lessons from the Saint Marys River

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Schaeffer, Jeff; Rogers, Mark W.; Fielder, David G.; Godby, Neal; Bowen, Anjanette K.; O'Connor, Lisa; Parrish, Josh; Greenwood, Susan; Chong, Stephen; Wright, Greg

    2014-01-01

    Long-term surveys are useful in understanding trends in connecting channel fish communities; a gill net assessment in the Saint Marys River performed periodically since 1975 is the most comprehensive connecting channels sampling program within the Laurentian Great Lakes. We assessed efficiency of that survey, with intent to inform development of assessments at other connecting channels. We evaluated trends in community composition, effort versus estimates of species richness, ability to detect abundance changes for four species, and effects of subsampling yellow perch catches on size and age-structure metrics. Efficiency analysis revealed low power to detect changes in species abundance, whereas reduced effort could be considered to index species richness. Subsampling simulations indicated that subsampling would have allowed reliable estimates of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) population structure, while greatly reducing the number of fish that were assigned ages. Analyses of statistical power and efficiency of current sampling protocols are useful for managers collecting and using these types of data as well as for the development of new monitoring programs. Our approach provides insight into whether survey goals and objectives were being attained and can help evaluate ability of surveys to answer novel questions that arise as management strategies are refined.

  16. Implication of organizational health policy on organizational attraction.

    PubMed

    Dalsey, Elizabeth; Park, Hee Sun

    2009-01-01

    This study investigated both smoking and nonsmoking undergraduates' reactions to an organization implementing a policy that either mandated or recommended that employees quit smoking. Undergraduate participants (N = 296) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 (high vs. low severity of a smoke-free policy implementation) x 2 (high vs. low organizational assistance) conditions and indicated their organizational attraction for a hypothetical organization, imagining themselves as job applicants. The findings showed that organizational attraction was affected by the level of organizational assistance but not by the level of severity. These and other findings concerning individuals' perceived severity, perceived organizational support, smoking sensitivity, and employer control are presented in detail, and the implications thereof are discussed.

  17. Incorporating GIS data into an agent-based model to support planning policy making for the development of creative industries

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, Helin; Silva, Elisabete A.; Wang, Qian

    2016-07-01

    This paper presents an extension to the agent-based model "Creative Industries Development-Urban Spatial Structure Transformation" by incorporating GIS data. Three agent classes, creative firms, creative workers and urban government, are considered in the model, and the spatial environment represents a set of GIS data layers (i.e. road network, key housing areas, land use). With the goal to facilitate urban policy makers to draw up policies locally and optimise the land use assignment in order to support the development of creative industries, the improved model exhibited its capacity to assist the policy makers conducting experiments and simulating different policy scenarios to see the corresponding dynamics of the spatial distributions of creative firms and creative workers across time within a city/district. The spatiotemporal graphs and maps record the simulation results and can be used as a reference by the policy makers to adjust land use plans adaptively at different stages of the creative industries' development process.

  18. Moral Panic and Social Justice: A Guide for Analyzing Social Problems.

    PubMed

    Eversman, Michael H; Bird, Jason D P

    2017-01-01

    Professional social work has long been concerned with social justice, social policy, and the relationship between social treatment and social control. However, at times, potential threats to social cohesion become exaggerated in the service of supporting suppressive policies. British sociologist Stanley Cohen referred to such periods as moral panics, which assign unwarranted blame and stigma to sociopolitically weaker, unpopular groups. By constructing those associated with a given social problem as deviant and downplaying underlying structural causes, moral panics foster the enactment of social policies that entrench social disparity and injustice. Understanding how moral panics influence perceptions of social problems and resultant policies will enable social workers to identify whether particular societal groups are unjustly targeted. By synthesizing theoretical and empirical literature on moral panics in U.S. policy arenas relevant to social workers (such as illicit drugs, sexuality, and immigration), this article offers guidance for practitioners, policy advocates, and researchers on assessing their presence. © 2016 National Association of Social Workers.

  19. Assessing the availability of LLINs for continuous distribution through routine antenatal care and the Expanded Programme on Immunizations in sub-Saharan Africa.

    PubMed

    Theiss-Nyland, Katherine; Lynch, Michael; Lines, Jo

    2016-05-04

    In addition to mass distribution campaigns, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the continuous distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) to all pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) and all infants attending the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) services in countries implementing mosquito nets for malaria control. Countries report LLIN distribution data to the WHO annually. For this analysis, these data were used to assess policy and practice in implementing these recommendations and to compare the numbers of LLINs available through ANC and EPI services with the numbers of women and children attending these services. For each reporting country in sub-Saharan Africa, the presence of a reported policy for LLIN distribution through ANC and EPI was reviewed. Prior to inclusion in the analysis the completeness of data was assessed in terms of the numbers of LLINs distributed through all channels (campaigns, EPI, ANC, other). For each country with adequate data, the numbers of LLINs reportedly distributed by national programmes to ANC was compared to the number of women reportedly attending ANC at least once; the ratio between these two numbers was used as an indicator of LLIN availability at ANC services. The same calculations were repeated for LLINs distributed through EPI to produce the corresponding LLIN availability through this distribution channel. Among 48 malaria-endemic countries in Africa, 33 malaria programmes reported adopting policies of ANC-based continuous distribution of LLINs, and 25 reported adopting policies of EPI-based distribution. Over a 3-year period through 2012, distribution through ANC accounted for 9 % of LLINs distributed, and LLINs distributed through EPI accounted for 4 %. The LLIN availability ratios achieved were 55 % through ANC and 34 % through EPI. For 38 country programmes reporting on LLIN distribution, data to calculate LLIN availability through ANC and EPI was available for 17 and 16, respectively. These continuous LLIN distribution channels appear to be under-utilized, especially EPI-based distribution. However, quality data from more countries are needed for consistent and reliable programme performance monitoring. A greater focus on routine data collection, monitoring and reporting on LLINs distributed through both ANC and EPI can provide insight into both strengths and weaknesses of continuous distribution, and improve the effectiveness of these delivery channels.

  20. Linear methods for reducing EMG contamination in peripheral nerve motor decodes.

    PubMed

    Kagan, Zachary B; Wendelken, Suzanne; Page, David M; Davis, Tyler; Hutchinson, Douglas T; Clark, Gregory A; Warren, David J

    2016-08-01

    Signals recorded from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) with high channel count penetrating microelectrode arrays, such as the Utah Slanted Electrode Array (USEA), often have electromyographic (EMG) signals contaminating the neural signal. This common-mode signal source may prevent single neural units from successfully being detected, thus hindering motor decode algorithms. Reducing this EMG contamination may lead to more accurate motor decode performance. A virtual reference (VR), created by a weighted linear combination of signals from a subset of all available channels, can be used to reduce this EMG contamination. Four methods of determining individual channel weights and six different methods of selecting subsets of channels were investigated (24 different VR types in total). The methods of determining individual channel weights were equal weighting, regression-based weighting, and two different proximity-based weightings. The subsets of channels were selected by a radius-based criteria, such that a channel was included if it was within a particular radius of inclusion from the target channel. These six radii of inclusion were 1.5, 2.9, 3.2, 5, 8.4, and 12.8 electrode-distances; the 12.8 electrode radius includes all USEA electrodes. We found that application of a VR improves the detectability of neural events via increasing the SNR, but we found no statistically meaningful difference amongst the VR types we examined. The computational complexity of implementation varies with respect to the method of determining channel weights and the number of channels in a subset, but does not correlate with VR performance. Hence, we examined the computational costs of calculating and applying the VR and based on these criteria, we recommend an equal weighting method of assigning weights with a 3.2 electrode-distance radius of inclusion. Further, we found empirically that application of the recommended VR will require less than 1 ms for 33.3 ms of data from one USEA.

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