29. Another view looking Northeast closer to Huber Breaker (left), ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

29. Another view looking Northeast closer to Huber Breaker (left), Retail Coal Storage Bins (Center), Power Plant (right) Photograph taken by George Harven - Huber Coal Breaker, 101 South Main Street, Ashley, Luzerne County, PA

Elastic behaviour and high-pressure phase transition of the P21/n LiAlGe2O6pyroxene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Artac, Andreas; Miletich-Pawliczek, Ronald; Nestola, Fabrizio; Redhammer, Günther J.; Secco, Luciano

2014-05-01

In a recent work by Redhammer et al. (2012), investigating a synthetic pyroxene sample with composition LiAlGe2O6, a new space group for the big family of pyroxenes has been surprisingly discovered renewing the interest for Li-bearing pyroxene compounds. Actually, the authors of that work intended to investigate the effect of the Si-Ge substitution on the high-pressure behaviour and possibly on the phase transition with respect to spodumene, LiAlSi2O6, investigated by Arlt and Angel in 2000. Spodumene in fact, not only shows a strong first order phase transition at 3.19 GPa from C2/c to P21/c but the low symmetry C2/c shows the greatest bulk modulus never found in pyroxenes (i.e. 144.2 GPa with the first pressure derivative fixed to 4). Redhammer et al. (2012) discovered that substituting Si for Ge in the spodumene structure the effect is dramatic in terms of symmetry change at room conditions with the Ge-spodumene showing a P21/n space group, first discovery of such symmetry in the big family of pyroxene. In this work we loaded one crystal of LiAlGe2O6 in a diamond-anvil cell and investigated the elastic behaviour and its possible high-pressure phase transition by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In detail, we measured the unit-cell parameters using a Huber four-circle diffractometer equipped with a point detector up to about 9 GPa. The crystal structure was measured at different pressures loading simultaneously two fragments of the same crystal with a different orientation in the same diamond-anvil cell in order to cover a wider portion of the reciprocal space. The intensity data were measured on a STADI IV four-circle diffractometer equipped with a CCD using a diamond-backing plate cell, which gives better structural results with respect to a beryllium backing plate one (i.e. Periotto et al. 2011). The first important result of our work is that we found at about 5.2 GPa a very strong first-order phase transformation from P21/n to P21/c and this is the first discover of such a transition in pyroxenes. The volume discontinuity at the transition is marked by a big volume decrease reaching a variation of about 3.6% between 5.207 and 5.249 GPa. The entire volume decrease up to 9 GPa is of nearly 10%. The equation of states of the two symmetries P2/n and P21/c clearly show that the high pressure phase is slightly less compressible than the P21/n and this is an anomalous behaviour in Li-bearing pyroxenes, which usually show the higher symmetry phase having a higher compressibility (i.e. Nestola et al. 2008). Structural details and elasticity data will be discussed. References Arlt T., Angel R.J. (2000) Displacive phase transitions in C-centered clinopyroxenes: spodumene, LiScSi2O6 and ZnSiO3. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 27, 719-731. Periotto B., Nestola F., Balic-Zunic T., Angel R.J., Miletich R., Olsen L.A. (2011) Comparison between beryllium and diamond-backing plates in diamond-anvil cells: Application to single-crystal x-ray diffraction high-pressure data. Review of Scientific Instruments, 82, Article Number: 055111. Redhammer G.J., Nestola F., Miletich R. (2012) Synthetic LiAlGe2O6: the first pyroxene with P21/n symmetry. American Mineralogist, 97, 1213-1218. Nestola F., Boffa Ballaran T., Ohashi H. (2008) The high-pressure C2/c - P21/c phase transition along the LiAlSi2O6-LiGaSi2O6 solid solution. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 35, 477-484.

In situ surface/interface x-ray diffractometer for oxide molecular beam epitaxy

DOE PAGES

Lee, J. H.; Tung, I. C.; Chang, S. -H.; ...

2016-01-05

In situ studies of oxide molecular beam epitaxy by synchrotron x-ray scattering has been made possible by upgrading an existing UHV/molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) six-circle diffractometer system. For oxide MBE growth, pure ozone delivery to the chamber has been made available, and several new deposition sources have been made available on a new 12 in. CF (ConFlat, a registered trademark of Varian, Inc.) flange. X-ray diffraction has been used as a major probe for film growth and structures for the system. In the original design, electron diffraction was intended for the secondary diagnostics available without the necessity of the x-raymore » and located at separate positions. Deposition of films was made possible at the two diagnostic positions. And, the aiming of the evaporation sources is fixed to the point between two locations. Ozone can be supplied through two separate nozzles for each location. Also two separate thickness monitors are installed. Finally, additional features of the equipment are also presented together with the data taken during typical oxide film growth to illustrate the depth of information available via in situ x-ray techniques.« less

Award-Winning Performance and Consulting: An Interview with Burt Huber.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dickelman, Gary

2001-01-01

Burt Huber and his team from Ariel Performance Centered Systems won a performance support design award at last year's Online Learning Conference for their system at Payless shoes. Huber discusses some details of his organization's designs; how he approaches a client; how he assesses organizational readiness for performance support; role of…

The 2008 Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting: Robert Huber, Chemistry 1988. Interview by Klaus J. Korak.

PubMed

Huber, Robert

2008-11-25

Robert Huber and his colleagues, Johann Deisenhofer and Hartmut Michel, elucidated the three-dimensional structure of the Rhodopseudomonas viridis photosynthetic reaction center. This membrane protein complex is a basic component of photosynthesis - a process fundamental to life on Earth - and for their work, Huber and his colleagues received the 1988 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Because structural information is central to understanding virtually any biological process, Huber likens their discovery to "switching on the light" for scientists trying to understand photosynthesis. Huber marvels at the growth of structural biology since the time he entered the field, when crystallographers worked with hand-made instruments and primitive computers, and only "a handful" of crystallographers would meet annually in the Bavarian Alps. In the "explosion" of structural biology since his early days of research, Huber looks to the rising generation of scientists to solve the remaining mysteries in the field - such as the mechanisms that underlie protein folding. A strong proponent of science mentorship, Huber delights in meeting young researchers at the annual Nobel Laureate Meetings in Lindau, Germany. He hopes that among these young scientists is an "Einstein of biology" who, he says with a twinkle in his eye, "doesn't know it yet." The interview was conducted by JoVE co-founder Klaus J. Korak at the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting 2008 in Lindau, Germany.

The 2008 Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting: Robert Huber, Chemistry 1988

PubMed Central

Huber, Robert

2008-01-01

Robert Huber and his colleagues, Johann Deisenhofer and Hartmut Michel, elucidated the three-dimensional structure of the Rhodopseudomonas viridis photosynthetic reaction center. This membrane protein complex is a basic component of photosynthesis – a process fundamental to life on Earth – and for their work, Huber and his colleagues received the 1988 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Because structural information is central to understanding virtually any biological process, Huber likens their discovery to “switching on the light” for scientists trying to understand photosynthesis. Huber marvels at the growth of structural biology since the time he entered the field, when crystallographers worked with hand-made instruments and primitive computers, and only “a handful” of crystallographers would meet annually in the Bavarian Alps. In the “explosion” of structural biology since his early days of research, Huber looks to the rising generation of scientists to solve the remaining mysteries in the field – such as the mechanisms that underlie protein folding. A strong proponent of science mentorship, Huber delights in meeting young researchers at the annual Nobel Laureate Meetings in Lindau, Germany. He hopes that among these young scientists is an “Einstein of biology” who, he says with a twinkle in his eye, “doesn’t know it yet.” The interview was conducted by JoVE co-founder Klaus J. Korak at the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting 2008 in Lindau, Germany. PMID:19066525

Synthesizing Huber's Problem Solving and Kolb's Learning Cycle: A Balanced Approach to Technical Problem Solving

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kamis, Arnold; Khan, Beverly K.

2009-01-01

How do we model and improve technical problem solving, such as network subnetting? This paper reports an experimental study that tested several hypotheses derived from Kolb's experiential learning cycle and Huber's problem solving model. As subjects solved a network subnetting problem, they mapped their mental processes according to Huber's…

Adam Huber of Riesenpach (1545-1613) and his Translation of the Book on Regimen within the Context of the Prague Medical Milieu.

PubMed

Zemla, Martin

2016-02-01

This paper outlines the life, work, and views of Adam Huber of Riesenpach (1545-1613). Huber was one of the personal physicians to Rudolf ii in Prague, a pharmacist, translator, pedagogue, progressive academic and chancellor at Prague University, aiming to re-establish its medical faculty. Here, I will first appraise Huber as a distinguished translator of medical books published by the prominent Prague printer Daniel Adam of Veleslavin (1546-1599) and as a scholar who helped establish Czech medical terminology, most notably through his new translation of the great Herbal of Pietro Andrea Mattioli (1501-1577), which he reworked and expanded. In the second part, the article focuses on a popular book on regimen, the De conservanda valetudine (1576) by the German humanist author and politician Heinrich Rantzau (1526-1598), translated into Czech by Huber in 1587. The text and its translation are analysed against the backdrop of the new, more specifically Paracelsian, approaches in medicine. The author's views are compared with Huber's own ideas expressed in his foreword and in several of his other texts. His distinctive emphases and views are analysed, particularly in relation to Paracelsian medicine, Renaissance (and notably Piconian) concepts of man, and astrology.

On the complexity of Engh and Huber refinement restraints: the angle τ as example

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Touw, Wouter G.; Vriend, Gert, E-mail: vriend@cmbi.ru.nl

2010-12-01

The angle τ (backbone N—C{sup α}—C) is the most contested Engh and Huber refinement target parameter. It is shown that this parameter is ‘correct’ as a PDB-wide average, but can be improved by taking into account residue types, secondary structures and many other aspects of our knowledge of the biophysical relations between residue type and protein structure. The Engh and Huber parameters for bond lengths and bond angles have been used uncontested in macromolecular structure refinement from 1991 until very recently, despite critical discussion of their ubiquitous validity by many authors. An extensive analysis of the backbone angle τ (N—C{supmore » α}—C) illustrates that the Engh and Huber parameters can indeed be improved and a recent study [Tronrud et al. (2010 ▶), Acta Cryst. D66, 834–842] confirms these ideas. However, the present study of τ shows that improving the Engh and Huber parameters will be considerably more complex than simply making the parameters a function of the backbone ϕ, ψ angles. Many other aspects, such as the cooperativity of hydrogen bonds, the bending of secondary-structure elements and a series of biophysical aspects of the 20 amino-acid types, will also need to be taken into account. Different sets of Engh and Huber parameters will be needed for conceptually different refinement programs.« less

[The Huber needle as a special cannula for the puncture of implanted ports and pumps--a mistake in multiple variations].

PubMed

Müller, H; Zierski, J

1988-10-03

Huber-point needles, which are thought to be noncoring, are usually recommended for puncture of implanted drug-delivery devices, such as ports and pumps. Nevertheless, we found occlusion by silicone chips deriving from the silicone inlet septum to be a major technical complication. Electron microscopic investigations demonstrated substantial loss of material from the port membrane after repeated puncture with this type of needle. During an in vitro test, multiple puncture with Huber-type cannulas led to a pressure-dependent leakage of a port after only 150 to 750 insertions of a needle. In addition, the forces necessary for puncture or for withdrawal of the needle were increased with Huber-point needles, possibly due to a coring effect. Another disadvantage of the available port needles is the formation of a hook at the tip, which may lead to additional lesion of the port or pump membrane. In our opinion, resterilization of Huber needles, recommended by the manufactures, is not advisable, because it is well known that safe sterilization of small lumina, e.g., the lumen of the needle, is impossible.

Transfer of Problem Solving Skills from Touchscreen to 3D Model by 3- to 6-Year-Olds

PubMed Central

Tarasuik, Joanne; Demaria, Ana; Kaufman, Jordy

2017-01-01

Although much published research purports that young children struggle to solve problems from screen-based media and to transfer learning from a virtual to a physical modality, Huber et al. (2016)’s recent study on children solving the Tower of Hanoi (ToH) problem on a touchscreen app offers a clear counter example. Huber et al. (2016) reported that children transferred learning from media to the physical world. As this finding arguably differs from that of prior research in this area, the current study tests whether the Huber et al. (2016) results could be replicated. Additionally, we extended the scope of the Huber et al. (2016) work by testing a broader age range, including children as young as 3 years, and using a culturally distinct participant pool. The results of the current study verified Huber et al.’s (2016) conclusion that 4- to 6-year-old children are capable of transferring the ToH learning from touchscreen devices to the physical version of the puzzle. Children under 4 years of age, in contrast, showed little ability to improve at the ToH problem regardless of the practice modality—suggesting that a different problem-solving task is required to probe very young children’s ability to learn from touchscreen apps. PMID:28979222

[Special cannulas for the puncture of implanted catheter port systems].

PubMed

Haindl, H; Müller, H

1989-04-01

The Huber-Point cannula is generally recommended for portal puncture. Two comparative studies are published that show no advantage in using Huber-point cannulas. This has been verified by technical investigations. A new type of non-coring cannula is described.

Novel Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Supercapacitor Materials: Contribution to the Supercapacitor TIF

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-08-01

Novel functionalized carbon nanotube supercapacitor materials Contribution to the supercapacitor TIF Trisha Huber...Novel functionalized carbon nanotube supercapacitor materials Contribution to the supercapacitor TIF Trisha Huber...presented as a log-log plot. As illustrated, supercapacitors offer performance intermediate between batteries and capacitors in that they exhibit higher

The genus Mymaromella (Hymenoptera: Mymarommatidae) in North America, with a key to described extant species

Treesearch

John T. Huber; Gary A.P. Gibson; Leah S. Bauer; Houping Liu; Michael Gates

2008-01-01

A key is given to the five described extant species of Mymaromella. Two new species, Mymaromella pala Huber & Gibson, sp. n. and M. palella Huber & Gibson, sp. n. (Mymarommatoidea: Mymarommatidae), are described as the first species of the family from North America. Psocoptera (Insecta) are proposed as...

Toward characterization of Huber's ball-bearing motor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choo, Joo Liang; Soong, Wen Liang; Abbott, Derek

2005-02-01

A motor that can be powered up by either a DC or AC supply and rotates in either direction, based on the so-called Huber effect, is investigated. For the first time, this paper examines the motor characteristics under both DC and AC conditions, for quantitative comparisons. Earlier work has not examined, in detail, the effect of an AC supply on the Huber motor operation. Previous work on the Huber or ball-bearing motor suffered from alignment problems and here we describe a new methodology to address this. The new construction is also a step toward a micromotor realization. The motor, with its reduced dimensions, also has the advantage of reduced operating current. Since 1959, the principle of operation of this motor has remained an unsolved mystery and various theories exist in the literature. We show various empirical findings that shed some light on the hotly contested debate. The discovery of carbon on the bearings, under AC supply conditions, reported here creates a new open question. Motor acceleration versus torque characteristics are obtained, using a data acquisition system to facilitate dynamic real-time recording.

Bayesian prestack seismic inversion with a self-adaptive Huber-Markov random-field edge protection scheme

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tian, Yu-Kun; Zhou, Hui; Chen, Han-Ming; Zou, Ya-Ming; Guan, Shou-Jun

2013-12-01

Seismic inversion is a highly ill-posed problem, due to many factors such as the limited seismic frequency bandwidth and inappropriate forward modeling. To obtain a unique solution, some smoothing constraints, e.g., the Tikhonov regularization are usually applied. The Tikhonov method can maintain a global smooth solution, but cause a fuzzy structure edge. In this paper we use Huber-Markov random-field edge protection method in the procedure of inverting three parameters, P-velocity, S-velocity and density. The method can avoid blurring the structure edge and resist noise. For the parameter to be inverted, the Huber-Markov random-field constructs a neighborhood system, which further acts as the vertical and lateral constraints. We use a quadratic Huber edge penalty function within the layer to suppress noise and a linear one on the edges to avoid a fuzzy result. The effectiveness of our method is proved by inverting the synthetic data without and with noises. The relationship between the adopted constraints and the inversion results is analyzed as well.

Wood anatomy of the neotropical Sapotaceae : XVII. Gambeya

Treesearch

Bohumil Francis Kukachka

1980-01-01

Gambeya is an African genus to which Aubréville added Gambeya excelsa (Huber) Aubr., based on the Amazonian Chrysophyllum excelsum Huber. Whether Gambeya is the appropriate taxon for the American species remains to be resolved. Wood specimens indicate that several species occur in the Americas ranging from Southern Mexico to the Peruvian Amazon. The woods of the...

VizieR Online Data Catalog: KIC star parallaxes from asteroseismology vs Gaia (Huber+, 2017)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huber, D.; Zinn, J.; Bojsen-Hansen, M.; Pinsonneault, M.; Sahlholdt, C.; Serenelli, A.; Aguirre, V. S.; Stassun, K.; Stello, D.; Tayar, J.; Bastien, F.; Bedding, T. R.; Buchhave, L. A.; Chaplin, W. J.; Davies, G. R.; Garcia, R. A.; Latham, D. W.; Mathur, S.; Mosser, B.; Sharma, S.

2018-03-01

Our sample consists of dwarfs, subgiants, and red giants from the APOGEE-Kepler Asteroseismic Science Consortium (APOKASC, Pinsonneault+ J/ApJS/215/19), supplemented with seismic detections using Kepler short-cadence data from Chaplin+ (2014MNRAS.445..946C) and Huber+ (2013, J/ApJ/767/127). (2 data files).

Estimating load weights with Huber's Cubic Volume formula: a field trial.

Treesearch

Dale R. Waddell

1989-01-01

Log weights were estimated from the product of Huber's cubic volume formula and green density. Tags showing estimated log weights were attached to logs in the field, and the weights were tallied into a single load weight as logs were assembled for aerial yarding. Accuracy of the estimated load weights was evaluated by comparing the predicted with the actual load...

a Study of the Synchrotron Laue Method for Quantitative Crystal Structure Analysis.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gomez de Anderez, Dora M.

1990-01-01

Available from UMI in association with The British Library. Quantitative crystal structure analyses have been carried out on small molecule crystals using synchrotron radiation and the Laue method. A variety of single crystal structure determinations and associated refinements are used and compared with the monochromatic analyses. The new molecular structure of 7-amino-5-bromo -4-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahidro-1, 6 -naphthyridine-8-carbonitrile (C_{10 }H_9ON_4 Br.H_2O) has been determined, first using monochromatic Mo Kalpha radiation and a four-circle diffractometer, then using synchrotron Laue diffraction photography. The structure refinements showed a R-factor of 4.97 and 14.0% for the Mo Kalpha and Laue data respectively. The molecular structure of (S)-2-chloro-2-fluoro-N-((S)-1-phenylethyl) ethanamide, (C_{10}H _{11}ClFNO), has been determined using the same crystal throughout for X-ray monochromatic analyses (Mo Kalpha and Cu K alpha) followed by synchrotron Laue data collection. The Laue and monochromatic data compare favourably. The R -factors (on F) were 6.23, 6.45 and 8.19% for the Mo K alpha, Cu Kalpha and Laue data sets respectively. The molecular structure of 3-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazol-4-yl)-1,3-diphenyl -prop- 2-en-1-one, (C_{25 }H_{20}N _2O_2) has been determined using the synchrotron Laue method. The results compare very well with Mo Kalpha monochromatic data. The R-factors (on F) were 4.60 and 5.29% for Mo Kalpha and Laue analysis respectively. The Laue method is assessed in locating the 20 hydrogen atoms in this structure. The structure analysis of the benzil compound ((C_6H_5 O.CO_2)) is carried out using the synchrotron Laue method firstly at room temperature and secondly at low temperature -114 ^circC. The structure shows an R-factor (on F) of 13.06% and 6.85% for each data set respectively. The synchrotron Laue method was used to collect data for ergocalciferol (Vitamin D_2). The same crystal was also used to record oscillation data with the synchrotron radiation monochromatic beam. A new molecular structure of (Dinitrato-(N,N ^'-dimethylethylene-diamine)copper(II)) has been determined using Mo Kalpha radiation on a four circle diffractometer. The refinement resulted in an R-factor (on F) of 4.06%.

A Study of the Synchrotron Laue Method for Quantitative Crystal Structure Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gomez de Anderez, Dora M.

1990-01-01

Quantitative crystal structure analyses have been carried out on small molecule crystals using synchrotron radiation and the Laue method. A variety of single crystal structure determinations and associated refinements are used and compared with the monochromatic analyses. The new molecular structure of 7-amino-5-bromo -4-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4 -tetrahidro-1,6 -naphthyridine-8-carbonitrile (C_{10 }H_9ON_4 BrcdotH_2O) has been determined, first using monochromatic Mo K alpha radiation and a four-circle diffractometer, then using synchrotron Laue diffraction photography. The structure refinements showed an R-factor of 4.97 and 14.0% for the Mo Kalpha and Laue data respectively. The molecular structure of (S)-2-chloro-2-fluoro-N-((S)-1-phenylethyl) ethanamide, (C_{10}H _{11}ClFNO), has been determined using the same crystal throughout for X-ray monochromatic analyses (Mo Kalpha and Cu K alpha) followed by synchrotron Laue data collection. The Laue and monochromatic data compare favourably. The R -factors (on F) were 6.23, 6.45 and 8.19% for the Mo K alpha, Cu Kalpha and Laue data sets respectively. The molecular structure of 3-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazol-4-yl)-1,3-diphenyl -prop-2-en-1-one, (C_{25}H _{20}N_2 O_2) has been determined using the synchrotron Laue method. The results compare very well with Mo Kalpha monochromatic data. The R-factors (on F) were 4.60 and 5.29% for Mo Kalpha and Laue analyses respectively. The Laue method is assessed in locating the 20 hydrogen atoms in this structure. The structure analyses of the benzil compound ((C_6H_5 OcdotCO_2)) is carried out using the synchrotron Laue method firstly at room temperature and secondly at low temperature. The structure shows an R-factor (on F) of 13.06% and 6.85% for each data set respectively. The synchrotron Laue method was used to collect data for ergocalciferol (Vitamin D_2). The same crystal was also used to record oscillation data with the synchrotron radiation monochromatic beam. A new molecular structure of (Dinitrato-(N,N ^'-dimethylethylene-diamine)copper(II)) has been determined using Mo Kalpha radiation on a four circle diffractometer. The refinement resulted in an R-factor (on F) of 4.06%.

Sinogram restoration in computed tomography with an edge-preserving penalty

PubMed Central

Little, Kevin J.; La Rivière, Patrick J.

2015-01-01

Purpose: With the goal of producing a less computationally intensive alternative to fully iterative penalized-likelihood image reconstruction, our group has explored the use of penalized-likelihood sinogram restoration for transmission tomography. Previously, we have exclusively used a quadratic penalty in our restoration objective function. However, a quadratic penalty does not excel at preserving edges while reducing noise. Here, we derive a restoration update equation for nonquadratic penalties. Additionally, we perform a feasibility study to extend our sinogram restoration method to a helical cone-beam geometry and clinical data. Methods: A restoration update equation for nonquadratic penalties is derived using separable parabolic surrogates (SPS). A method for calculating sinogram degradation coefficients for a helical cone-beam geometry is proposed. Using simulated data, sinogram restorations are performed using both a quadratic penalty and the edge-preserving Huber penalty. After sinogram restoration, Fourier-based analytical methods are used to obtain reconstructions, and resolution-noise trade-offs are investigated. For the fan-beam geometry, a comparison is made to image-domain SPS reconstruction using the Huber penalty. The effects of varying object size and contrast are also investigated. For the helical cone-beam geometry, we investigate the effect of helical pitch (axial movement/rotation). Huber-penalty sinogram restoration is performed on 3D clinical data, and the reconstructed images are compared to those generated with no restoration. Results: We find that by applying the edge-preserving Huber penalty to our sinogram restoration methods, the reconstructed image has a better resolution-noise relationship than an image produced using a quadratic penalty in the sinogram restoration. However, we find that this relatively straightforward approach to edge preservation in the sinogram domain is affected by the physical size of imaged objects in addition to the contrast across the edge. This presents some disadvantages of this method relative to image-domain edge-preserving methods, although the computational burden of the sinogram-domain approach is much lower. For a helical cone-beam geometry, we found applying sinogram restoration in 3D was reasonable and that pitch did not make a significant difference in the general effect of sinogram restoration. The application of Huber-penalty sinogram restoration to clinical data resulted in a reconstruction with less noise while retaining resolution. Conclusions: Sinogram restoration with the Huber penalty is able to provide better resolution-noise performance than restoration with a quadratic penalty. Additionally, sinogram restoration with the Huber penalty is feasible for helical cone-beam CT and can be applied to clinical data. PMID:25735286

Sinogram restoration in computed tomography with an edge-preserving penalty

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Little, Kevin J., E-mail: little@uchicago.edu; La Rivière, Patrick J.

2015-03-15

Purpose: With the goal of producing a less computationally intensive alternative to fully iterative penalized-likelihood image reconstruction, our group has explored the use of penalized-likelihood sinogram restoration for transmission tomography. Previously, we have exclusively used a quadratic penalty in our restoration objective function. However, a quadratic penalty does not excel at preserving edges while reducing noise. Here, we derive a restoration update equation for nonquadratic penalties. Additionally, we perform a feasibility study to extend our sinogram restoration method to a helical cone-beam geometry and clinical data. Methods: A restoration update equation for nonquadratic penalties is derived using separable parabolic surrogatesmore » (SPS). A method for calculating sinogram degradation coefficients for a helical cone-beam geometry is proposed. Using simulated data, sinogram restorations are performed using both a quadratic penalty and the edge-preserving Huber penalty. After sinogram restoration, Fourier-based analytical methods are used to obtain reconstructions, and resolution-noise trade-offs are investigated. For the fan-beam geometry, a comparison is made to image-domain SPS reconstruction using the Huber penalty. The effects of varying object size and contrast are also investigated. For the helical cone-beam geometry, we investigate the effect of helical pitch (axial movement/rotation). Huber-penalty sinogram restoration is performed on 3D clinical data, and the reconstructed images are compared to those generated with no restoration. Results: We find that by applying the edge-preserving Huber penalty to our sinogram restoration methods, the reconstructed image has a better resolution-noise relationship than an image produced using a quadratic penalty in the sinogram restoration. However, we find that this relatively straightforward approach to edge preservation in the sinogram domain is affected by the physical size of imaged objects in addition to the contrast across the edge. This presents some disadvantages of this method relative to image-domain edge-preserving methods, although the computational burden of the sinogram-domain approach is much lower. For a helical cone-beam geometry, we found applying sinogram restoration in 3D was reasonable and that pitch did not make a significant difference in the general effect of sinogram restoration. The application of Huber-penalty sinogram restoration to clinical data resulted in a reconstruction with less noise while retaining resolution. Conclusions: Sinogram restoration with the Huber penalty is able to provide better resolution-noise performance than restoration with a quadratic penalty. Additionally, sinogram restoration with the Huber penalty is feasible for helical cone-beam CT and can be applied to clinical data.« less

29 CFR 782.5 - Loaders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... parte Nos. MC-2 and MC-3, 28 M.C.C. 125, 133, 134, 139), is an employee of a carrier subject to section... U.S. 649; Pyramid Motor Freight Corp. v. Ispass, 330 U.S. 695; Walling v. Gordon's Transport (W.D...; Walling v. Huber & Huber Motor Express, 67 F. Supp. 855; Ex parte Nos. MC-2 and MC-3, 28 M.C.C. 125, 133...

29 CFR 782.5 - Loaders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... parte Nos. MC-2 and MC-3, 28 M.C.C. 125, 133, 134, 139), is an employee of a carrier subject to section... U.S. 649; Pyramid Motor Freight Corp. v. Ispass, 330 U.S. 695; Walling v. Gordon's Transport (W.D...; Walling v. Huber & Huber Motor Express, 67 F. Supp. 855; Ex parte Nos. MC-2 and MC-3, 28 M.C.C. 125, 133...

29 CFR 782.5 - Loaders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... parte Nos. MC-2 and MC-3, 28 M.C.C. 125, 133, 134, 139), is an employee of a carrier subject to section... U.S. 649; Pyramid Motor Freight Corp. v. Ispass, 330 U.S. 695; Walling v. Gordon's Transport (W.D...; Walling v. Huber & Huber Motor Express, 67 F. Supp. 855; Ex parte Nos. MC-2 and MC-3, 28 M.C.C. 125, 133...

Three Dimensional Object Recognition Using an Unsupervised Neural Network: Understanding the Distinguishing Features

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-12-23

predominance of structural models of recognition, of which a recent example is the Recognition By Components (RBC) theory ( Biederman , 1987 ). Structural...related to recent statistical theory (Huber, 1985; Friedman, 1987 ) and is derived from a biologically motivated computational theory (Bienenstock et...dimensional object recognition (Intrator and Gold, 1991). The method is related to recent statistical theory (Huber, 1985; Friedman, 1987 ) and is derived

Strain Analysis of Stretched Tourmaline Crystals Using ImageJ, Microsoft Excel and PowerPoint

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bosbyshell, H.

2012-12-01

This poster describes an undergraduate structural geology lab exercise utilizing the Mohr's circle diagram for finite strain, constructed using measurements obtained from stretched tourmaline crystals. A small building housing HVAC equipment at the south end of West Chester University's Recitation Hall (itself made of serpentinite) is constructed of early-Cambrian Chickies Quartzite. Stretched tourmaline crystals, with segments joined by fibrous quartz, are visible on many surfaces (presumably originally bedding). While the original orientation of any stone is unknown, these rocks provide an opportunity for a short field exercise during a two-hour lab period and a great base for conducting strain analysis. It is always fun to ask how many in the class have ever noticed the tourmaline (few have). Students take photos using their cell phones or cameras. Since strain is a ratio the absolute size of the tourmaline crystals is immaterial. Nonetheless, this is a good opportunity to remind students of the importance of including a scale in their photographs. The photos are opened in ImageJ and the line tool is used to determine the original and final lengths of selected crystals. Students calculate strain parameters using Microsoft Excel. Then, we use Adobe Illustrator or the drafting capabilities of Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 to follow Ramsay and Huber's techniques using a Mohr's circle construction to determine the finite strain ellipse. If a stretching direction can be estimated, elongation of two crystals is all that is required to determine the strain ratio. If no stretching direction is apparent, three crystals are required for a more complicated analysis that allows for determination of the stretching direction, as well as the strain ratio.

Port needles: do they need to be removed as frequently in infusional chemotherapy?

PubMed

Karamanoglu, Ayla; Yumuk, P Fulden; Gumus, Mahmut; Ekenel, Meltem; Aliustaoglu, Mehmet; Selimen, Deniz; Sengoz, Meric; Turhal, N Serdar

2003-01-01

Protracted chemotherapy regimens are new treatment modalities used to treat patients with cancer. These treatments are preferred because of the ease of administration and limited side effects in the outpatient setting. Sixty patients were treated with continuous infusion chemotherapy via implanted infusion ports at Marmara University Hospital Outpatient Chemotherapy Unit in Istanbul, Turkey, from January 2000 to December 2001. Although usage of Huber needles for central venous catheters was limited to between 48 and 72 hours, needles were not removed unless there were signs of inflammatory reaction. The needles remained in place for 28 days (1-49 days) on average. No catheter infections, signs of local irritation, or thrombus formation were observed despite prolonged stay of the Huber needles. Huber needles can be left in place up to several weeks without any untoward effects as long as proper aseptic technique is used.

Robust Huber-based iterated divided difference filtering with application to cooperative localization of autonomous underwater vehicles.

PubMed

Gao, Wei; Liu, Yalong; Xu, Bo

2014-12-19

A new algorithm called Huber-based iterated divided difference filtering (HIDDF) is derived and applied to cooperative localization of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) supported by a single surface leader. The position states are estimated using acoustic range measurements relative to the leader, in which some disadvantages such as weak observability, large initial error and contaminated measurements with outliers are inherent. By integrating both merits of iterated divided difference filtering (IDDF) and Huber's M-estimation methodology, the new filtering method could not only achieve more accurate estimation and faster convergence contrast to standard divided difference filtering (DDF) in conditions of weak observability and large initial error, but also exhibit robustness with respect to outlier measurements, for which the standard IDDF would exhibit severe degradation in estimation accuracy. The correctness as well as validity of the algorithm is demonstrated through experiment results.

Fundamental Parameters Line Profile Fitting in Laboratory Diffractometers

PubMed Central

Cheary, R. W.; Coelho, A. A.; Cline, J. P.

2004-01-01

The fundamental parameters approach to line profile fitting uses physically based models to generate the line profile shapes. Fundamental parameters profile fitting (FPPF) has been used to synthesize and fit data from both parallel beam and divergent beam diffractometers. The refined parameters are determined by the diffractometer configuration. In a divergent beam diffractometer these include the angular aperture of the divergence slit, the width and axial length of the receiving slit, the angular apertures of the axial Soller slits, the length and projected width of the x-ray source, the absorption coefficient and axial length of the sample. In a parallel beam system the principal parameters are the angular aperture of the equatorial analyser/Soller slits and the angular apertures of the axial Soller slits. The presence of a monochromator in the beam path is normally accommodated by modifying the wavelength spectrum and/or by changing one or more of the axial divergence parameters. Flat analyzer crystals have been incorporated into FPPF as a Lorentzian shaped angular acceptance function. One of the intrinsic benefits of the fundamental parameters approach is its adaptability any laboratory diffractometer. Good fits can normally be obtained over the whole 20 range without refinement using the known properties of the diffractometer, such as the slit sizes and diffractometer radius, and emission profile. PMID:27366594

Crystal Structure of Chabazite K

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yakubovich, O.V.; Gavrilenko, P.G.; Pekov, I.V.

2005-07-15

The crystal structure of the chabazite K with the formula (K{sub 1.33}Na{sub 1.02}Ca{sub 0.84})[Al{sub 4}Si{sub 8}O{sub 24}] {center_dot} 12.17H{sub 2}O from late hydrothermalites in the Khibiny alkaline massif (Kola Peninsula) is established by X-ray diffraction analysis (CAD4 four-circle diffractometer, {lambda}MoK{sub {alpha}} radiation, graphite monochromator, T = 193 K, 2{theta}{sub max} = 70 deg., R{sub 1} = 0.047 for 4745 reflections) on the basis of experimental data (6265 reflections) obtained from a twin (twinning parameter 0.535(1)): a = 13.831(3) A, c = 15.023(5) A, sp. gr. R3-barm, Z = 3, {rho}{sub calcd} = 2.016 g/cm{sup 3} . It is shown thatmore » cations occupy five independent positions in large cavities of the tetrahedral Al,Si,O anionic framework in potassium-rich chabazite. A comparative crystallochemical analysis of chabazites of different composition and origin is performed.« less

Multiple diffraction in an icosahedral Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fan, C. Z.; Weber, Th.; Deloudi, S.; Steurer, W.

2011-07-01

In order to reveal its influence on quasicrystal structure analysis, multiple diffraction (MD) effects in an icosahedral Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal have been investigated in-house on an Oxford Diffraction four-circle diffractometer equipped with an Onyx™ CCD area detector and MoKα radiation. For that purpose, an automated approach for Renninger scans (ψ-scans) has been developed. Two weak reflections were chosen as the main reflections (called P) in the present measurements. As is well known for periodic crystals, it is also observed for this quasicrystal that the intensity of the main reflection may significantly increase if the simultaneous (H) and the coupling (P-H) reflections are both strong, while there is no obvious MD effect if one of them is weak. The occurrence of MD events during ψ-scans has been studied based on an ideal structure model and the kinematical MD theory. The reliability of the approach is revealed by the good agreement between simulation and experiment. It shows that the multiple diffraction effect is quite significant.

WE-G-18A-06: Sinogram Restoration in Helical Cone-Beam CT

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Little, K; Riviere, P La

2014-06-15

Purpose: To extend CT sinogram restoration, which has been shown in 2D to reduce noise and to correct for geometric effects and other degradations at a low computational cost, from 2D to a 3D helical cone-beam geometry. Methods: A method for calculating sinogram degradation coefficients for a helical cone-beam geometry was proposed. These values were used to perform penalized-likelihood sinogram restoration on simulated data that were generated from the FORBILD thorax phantom. Sinogram restorations were performed using both a quadratic penalty and the edge-preserving Huber penalty. After sinogram restoration, Fourier-based analytical methods were used to obtain reconstructions. Resolution-variance trade-offs weremore » investigated for several locations within the reconstructions for the purpose of comparing sinogram restoration to no restoration. In order to compare potential differences, reconstructions were performed using different groups of neighbors in the penalty, two analytical reconstruction methods (Katsevich and single-slice rebinning), and differing helical pitches. Results: The resolution-variance properties of reconstructions restored using sinogram restoration with a Huber penalty outperformed those of reconstructions with no restoration. However, the use of a quadratic sinogram restoration penalty did not lead to an improvement over performing no restoration at the outer regions of the phantom. Application of the Huber penalty to neighbors both within a view and across views did not perform as well as only applying the penalty to neighbors within a view. General improvements in resolution-variance properties using sinogram restoration with the Huber penalty were not dependent on the reconstruction method used or the magnitude of the helical pitch. Conclusion: Sinogram restoration for noise and degradation effects for helical cone-beam CT is feasible and should be able to be applied to clinical data. When applied with the edge-preserving Huber penalty, sinogram restoration leads to an improvement in resolution-variance tradeoffs.« less

Characterization of the Murine Salmonella Typhimurium-Specific Primary B-Cell Repertoire

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-04-27

B cells which express the Lyb 3> 5, and 7 differentiation antigens (Huber ejt aJ., 1977; Ahmed _et_ al., 1977; Subbarao _et_ al., 1979)- However, T... k k k IgCH Allotype"*̂ J J d b a) (Staats, 1972) b ) (Lieberman, 1978) 79 and macrophage help for stimulation of TML-specific B cells in...associated with the absence of a mature subpopulation of B cells (Huber ejt al., 1977; Ahmed et_ al., 1977; Subbarao _et al., 1979; Metcalf ejt

VizieR Online Data Catalog: K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huber, D.; Bryson, S. T.; et al.

2017-09-01

The construction of the EPIC, as well as modifications and shortcomings of the catalog are described in Huber+, 2016, J/ApJS/224/2 Changes for Campaigns 0-3, 7-10 and 16 are described in: http://archive.stsci.edu/k2/manuals/epic.pdf Kepler magnitudes (Kp) are shown to be accurate to ~0.1mag for the Kepler field, and the EPIC is typically complete to Kp~17 (Kp~19 for campaigns covered by Sloan Digital Sky Survey). (1 data file).

Magnetic and Structural Characterization of Fe-Ga Using Kerr Microscopy and Neutron Scattering

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

117 4.6 Schematic of triple axes single crystal neutron diffractometer (left). TriCS intrument at Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland (right...Therefore, USANS data is one-dimensional. 4.3.3 Single Crystal Neutron Diffraction The single crystal neutron diffractometer, TriCS at Paul Scherrer...crystal neutron diffractometer (left). TriCS intrument at Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland (right) [106] 4.4 Unpolarized SANS In this section, SANS

The Macromolecular Neutron Diffractometer MaNDi at the Spallation Neutron Source

DOE PAGES

Coates, Leighton; Cuneo, Matthew J.; Frost, Matthew J.; ...

2015-07-18

The Macromolecular Neutron Diffractometer (MaNDi) is located on beamline 11B of the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Moreover, the instrument is a neutron time-of-flight wavelength-resolved Laue diffractometer optimized to collect diffraction data from single crystals. Finally, the instrument has been designed to provide flexibility in several instrumental parameters, such as beam divergence and wavelength bandwidth, to allow data collection from a range of macromolecular systems.

The neutron texture diffractometer at the China Advanced Research Reactor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Mei-Juan; Liu, Xiao-Long; Liu, Yun-Tao; Tian, Geng-Fang; Gao, Jian-Bo; Yu, Zhou-Xiang; Li, Yu-Qing; Wu, Li-Qi; Yang, Lin-Feng; Sun, Kai; Wang, Hong-Li; Santisteban, J. r.; Chen, Dong-Feng

2016-03-01

The first neutron texture diffractometer in China has been built at the China Advanced Research Reactor, due to strong demand for texture measurement with neutrons from the domestic user community. This neutron texture diffractometer has high neutron intensity, moderate resolution and is mainly applied to study texture in commonly used industrial materials and engineering components. In this paper, the design and characteristics of this instrument are described. The results for calibration with neutrons and quantitative texture analysis of zirconium alloy plate are presented. The comparison of texture measurements with the results obtained in HIPPO at LANSCE and Kowari at ANSTO illustrates the reliability of the texture diffractometer. Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (11105231, 11205248, 51327902) and International Atomic Energy Agency-TC program (CPR0012)

Growth and laser properties of Nd:Ca 4YO(BO 3) 3 crystal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, H. J.; Meng, X. L.; Zhu, L.; Wang, C. Q.; Cheng, R. P.; Yu, W. T.; Zhang, S. J.; Sun, L. K.; Chow, Y. T.; Zhang, W. L.; Wang, H.; Wong, K. S.

1999-02-01

Nd:Ca 4YO(BO 3) 3 (Nd:YCOB) crystal was grown by the Czochralski method, and its structure was measured by using a four circle X-ray diffractometer. The transparent spectrum from 200 to 2600 nm was measured at room temperature. The fluorescence spectrum near 1.06 μm showed that the main emission wavelength of Nd:YCOB crystal was centered at 1060.8 nm. Laser output at 1.06 μm has been demonstrated when it was pumped by a Ti:sapphire laser at the wavelength of 794 nm, the highest output power was 68 mW under pumping power of 311 mW, the pumping threshold was 163 mW and slope efficiency was 46.9%. The self-frequency doubled green light has been observed when it was pumped by a Ti:sapphire or a laser diode (LD). A 14.5 mm Nd:YCOB crystal sample cut at ( θ, φ)=(90°, 33°) was used for type I second-frequency generation (SHG) of the 1.06 μm laser pulse. The SHG conversion efficiency was 22%.

Effects of feedback-based balance and core resistance training vs. Pilates training on balance and muscle function in older women: a randomized-controlled trial.

PubMed

Markovic, Goran; Sarabon, Nejc; Greblo, Zrinka; Krizanic, Valerija

2015-01-01

Aging is associated with decline in physical function that could result in the development of physical impairment and disability. Hence, interventions that simultaneously challenge balance ability, trunk (core) and extremity strength of older adults could be particularly effective in preserving and enhancing these physical functions. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of feedback-based balance and core resistance training utilizing the a special computer-controlled device (Huber®) with the conventional Pilates training on balance ability, neuromuscular function and body composition of healthy older women. Thirty-four older women (age: 70±4 years) were randomly assigned to a Huber group (n=17) or Pilates group (n=17). Both groups trained for 8 weeks, 3 times a week. Maximal isometric strength of the trunk flexors, extensors, and lateral flexors, leg power, upper-body strength, single- and dual-task static balance, and body composition were measured before and after the intervention programs. Significant group×time interactions and main effects of time (p<0.05) were found for body composition, balance ability in standard and dual-task conditions, all trunk muscle strength variables, and leg power in favor of the Huber group. The observed improvements in balance ability under both standard and dual-task conditions in the Huber group were mainly the result of enhanced postural control in medial-lateral direction (p<0.05). Feedback-based balance and core resistance training proved to be more effective in improving single- and dual-task balance ability, trunk muscle strength, leg power, and body composition of healthy older women than the traditional Pilates training. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Flushing ports of totally implantable venous access devices, and impact of the Huber point needle bevel orientation: experimental tests and numerical computation.

PubMed

Guiffant, Gérard; Durussel, Jean Jacques; Flaud, Patrice; Vigier, Jean Pierre; Merckx, Jacques

2012-01-01

The use of totally implantable venous access devices developed as a medical device allowing mid- and long-term, frequent, repeated, or continuous injection of therapeutic products, by vascular, cavitary, or perineural access. The effective flushing of these devices is a central element to assure long-lasting use. Our experimental work demonstrates that directing the Huber point needle opening in the diametrically opposite direction of the implantable port exit channel increases the flushing efficiency. These results are consolidated by numerical computations, which support recommendations not only for their maintenance, but also for their use.

Flushing ports of totally implantable venous access devices, and impact of the Huber point needle bevel orientation: experimental tests and numerical computation

PubMed Central

Guiffant, Gérard; Durussel, Jean Jacques; Flaud, Patrice; Vigier, Jean Pierre; Merckx, Jacques

2012-01-01

The use of totally implantable venous access devices developed as a medical device allowing mid- and long-term, frequent, repeated, or continuous injection of therapeutic products, by vascular, cavitary, or perineural access. The effective flushing of these devices is a central element to assure long-lasting use. Our experimental work demonstrates that directing the Huber point needle opening in the diametrically opposite direction of the implantable port exit channel increases the flushing efficiency. These results are consolidated by numerical computations, which support recommendations not only for their maintenance, but also for their use. PMID:23166455

The efficacy of a HUBER exercise system mediated sensorimotor training protocol on proprioceptive system, lumbar movement control and quality of life in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain.

PubMed

Letafatkar, Amir; Nazarzadeh, Maryam; Hadadnezhad, Malihe; Farivar, Niloufar

2017-08-03

There is a relation between deficits of the proprioceptive system and movement control dysfunction in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP) but, the exact mechanism of this relation is unknown. Exercise therapy has been recognized as an effective method for low back pain treatment. In spite of this, it is not clear which of the various exercise therapy programs lead to better results. Therefore, the present analyze the efficacy of a HUBER study aims to exercise system mediated sensorimotor training protocol on proprioceptive system, lumbar movement control (LMC) and quality of life (QOL) in patients with chronic non-specific LBP. Quasi-experimental study. 53 patients with chronic non-specific LBP (mean age 37.55 ± 6.67 years,and Body Mass Index (BMI) 22.4 ± 3.33) were selected by using Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMQ) and were assigned into two experimental (N= 27) and control groups (N= 26) The experimental group underwent a five-week (10 sessions) Sensorimotor training by using the Human Body Equalizer (HUBER) spine force under the supervision of an investigator. The movement control battery tests, the HUBER machine testing option, goniometer and visual analogue scale used for movement control, neuromuscular coordination, proprioception and LBP assessment respectively. The assessments were completed in pre-test and after five weeks. The paired and sample T tests were used for data analysis in SPSS program version 18 (Significance level were set at a P value < 0.05). The HUBER system mediated sensorimotor training demonstrated significant improvement in the proprioceptive system, LMC and QOL (P= 0.001). Also There was a significant reduction in the pain scores of subjects with chronic non-specific LBP in the sensorimotor group (P= 0.001). In this study, only the short term effects of the sensorimotor training were examined. The results suggest that a sensorimotor training program causes significant improvement in patients with chronic non-specific LBP. Future research should be carried out with a larger sample size to examine the long term effects of the sensorimotor training program on treatment of patients with chronic non-specific LBP. Considering the efficacy of the sensorimotor training, it is recommended that this intervention should be applied to treatment of patients with chronic non-specific LBP in the future.

Evaluation of a polymer implanted port access device.

PubMed

Brown, J M

1996-01-01

The implanted port vascular access system has provided many patients with safe and reliable vascular access. Its implanted design provides improved body image, reduced maintenance and a better quality of life. The Huber needle has been the standard means of accessing the implanted port system. Because of the problems associated with the Huber needle system, current standards recommend that the Huber needle be changed every 7 days. This evaluation examines the use of a polymer cannula to access the implanted port system. This polymer cannula eliminates many of the problems associated with the Huber needle and provides longer dwell times without increased complications. Seventy nine patients were accessed for a total of 1533 days with the mean dwell time being 19.4 days with no increase in complications associated with port access. To establish implanted port access times of greater than 7 days without increased complications. A multicenter voluntary enrollment evaluation of a medical device. Patients were offered the opportunity to participate in the evaluation if they had an implanted port and were going to be accessed for therapy for periods of 7 days or more. Patients were observed for adverse cutaneous reactions at the insertion site and any port access complications such as sepsis, leakage, changes in portal chamber integrity, and implant pocket integrity. From October 1994 through November 1995, 79 L-Cath for Ports (Luther Medical Products) polymer catheter port access devices (Illustration 1) were inserted in 54 patients. This polymer port access device was used instead of a rigid metal Huber needle for port access. The total number of access days was 1533 days with the mean duration of access being 19.4 days. Two patients experienced blood stream infections while they were accessed with the polymer port access device. These infections ensued with fever of unknown origin as the presenting symptom during neutropenic episodes after chemotherapy treatment. The port access device was removed and the port access device tip was cultured with culture results being negative. No other patients experienced complications related to the port access device. The polymer port access device provided a safe and effective means of extending port access times. This reduced the number of restarts for the patients and could extend portal septum life by exposing the portal septum to fewer accesses.

A novel X-ray diffractometer for studies of liquid-liquid interfaces.

PubMed

Murphy, Bridget M; Greve, Matthais; Runge, Benjamin; Koops, Christian T; Elsen, Annika; Stettner, Jochim; Seeck, Oliver H; Magnussen, Olaf M

2014-01-01

The study of liquid-liquid interfaces with X-ray scattering methods requires special instrumental considerations. A dedicated liquid surface diffractometer employing a tilting double-crystal monochromator in Bragg geometry has been designed. This diffractometer allows reflectivity and grazing-incidence scattering measurements of an immobile mechanically completely decoupled liquid sample, providing high mechanical stability. The available energy range is from 6.4 to 29.4 keV, covering many important absorption edges. The instrument provides access in momentum space out to 2.54 Å(-1) in the surface normal and out to 14.8 Å(-1) in the in-plane direction at 29.4 keV. Owing to its modular design the diffractometer is also suitable for heavy apparatus such as vacuum chambers. The instrument performance is described and examples of X-ray reflectivity studies performed under in situ electrochemical control and on biochemical model systems are given.

X-ray diffraction studies of shocked lunar analogs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hanss, R. E.

1979-01-01

The X-ray diffraction experiments on shocked rock and mineral analogs of particular significance to lunar geology are described. Materials naturally shocked by meteorite impact, nuclear-shocked, or artificially shocked in a flat plate accelerator were utilized. Four areas were outlined for investigation: powder diffractometer studies of shocked single crystal silicate minerals (quartz, orthoclase, oligoclase, pyroxene), powder diffractometer studies of shocked polycrystalline monomineralic samples (dunite), Debye-Scherrer studies of single grains of shocked granodiorite, and powder diffractometer studies of shocked whole rock samples. Quantitative interpretation of peak shock pressures experienced by materials found in lunar or terrestrial impact structures is presented.

5-fluorouracil extravasation following port failure.

PubMed

Nesti, S P; Kovac, R

2000-01-01

A case is presented of cytotoxic extravasation as a result of an implantable venous port being perforated by a standard Huber needle. A patient receiving 5-fluorouracil via a dual reservoir port, implanted within the left chest wall, presented with hemoserous discharge from the right needle entry site. The left chest wall was warm to touch, erythematous, and swollen. Subcutaneous infiltration was suspected, and the infusion was ceased. A venogram was performed demonstrating significant extravasation around the left reservoir only. On port removal, inspection showed the Huber needle had penetrated the base plate on the left side. It is recommended that this complication be added as a possible sequelae of central venous port use.

Time-of-flight Extreme Environment Diffractometer at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Prokhnenko, Oleksandr, E-mail: prokhnenko@helmholtz-berlin.de; Stein, Wolf-Dieter; Bleif, Hans-Jürgen

2015-03-15

The Extreme Environment Diffractometer (EXED) is a new neutron time-of-flight instrument at the BER II research reactor at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Germany. Although EXED is a special-purpose instrument, its early construction made it available for users as a general-purpose diffractometer. In this respect, EXED became one of the rare examples, where the performance of a time-of-flight diffractometer at a continuous source can be characterized. In this paper, we report on the design and performance of EXED with an emphasis on the unique instrument capabilities. The latter comprise variable wavelength resolution and wavelength band, control of the incoming beam divergence, themore » possibility to change the angular positions of detectors and their distance to the sample, and use of event recording and offline histogramming. These features combined make EXED easily tunable to the requirements of a particular problem, from conventional diffraction to small angle neutron scattering. The instrument performance is demonstrated by several reference measurements and user experiments.« less

Primal-dual convex optimization in large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping: LDDMM meets robust regularizers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hernandez, Monica

2017-12-01

This paper proposes a method for primal-dual convex optimization in variational large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping problems formulated with robust regularizers and robust image similarity metrics. The method is based on Chambolle and Pock primal-dual algorithm for solving general convex optimization problems. Diagonal preconditioning is used to ensure the convergence of the algorithm to the global minimum. We consider three robust regularizers liable to provide acceptable results in diffeomorphic registration: Huber, V-Huber and total generalized variation. The Huber norm is used in the image similarity term. The primal-dual equations are derived for the stationary and the non-stationary parameterizations of diffeomorphisms. The resulting algorithms have been implemented for running in the GPU using Cuda. For the most memory consuming methods, we have developed a multi-GPU implementation. The GPU implementations allowed us to perform an exhaustive evaluation study in NIREP and LPBA40 databases. The experiments showed that, for all the considered regularizers, the proposed method converges to diffeomorphic solutions while better preserving discontinuities at the boundaries of the objects compared to baseline diffeomorphic registration methods. In most cases, the evaluation showed a competitive performance for the robust regularizers, close to the performance of the baseline diffeomorphic registration methods.

An X-ray diffractometer using mirage diffraction

PubMed Central

Fukamachi, Tomoe; Jongsukswat, Sukswat; Ju, Dongying; Negishi, Riichirou; Hirano, Keiichi; Kawamura, Takaaki

2014-01-01

Some characteristics are reported of a triple-crystal diffractometer with a (+, −, +) setting of Si(220) using mirage diffraction. The first crystal is flat, while the second and third crystals are bent. Basically, the first crystal is used as a collimator, the second as a monochromator and the third as the sample. The third crystal also works as an analyzer. The advantages of this diffractometer are that its setup is easy, its structure is simple, the divergence angle from the second crystal is small and the energy resolution of the third crystal is high, of the order of sub-meV. PMID:25242911

Design and implementation of a multiaxial loading capability during heating on an engineering neutron diffractometer

DOE PAGES

Benafan, O.; Padula, S. A.; Skorpenske, H. D.; ...

2014-10-02

Here we discuss a gripping capability that was designed, implemented, and tested for in situ neutron diffraction measurements during multiaxial loading and heating on the VULCAN engineering materials diffractometer at the spallation neutron source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

A New High-Flux Chemical and Materials Crystallography Station at the SRS Daresbury. 1. Design, Construction and Test Results.

PubMed

Cernik, R J; Clegg, W; Catlow, C R; Bushnell-Wye, G; Flaherty, J V; Greaves, G N; Burrows, I; Taylor, D J; Teat, S J; Hamichi, M

1997-09-01

A new single-crystal diffraction facility has been constructed on beamline 9 of the SRS at Daresbury Laboratory for the study of structural problems in chemistry and materials science. The station utilizes up to 3.8 mrad horizontally from the 5 T wiggler magnet which can be focused horizontally and vertically. The horizontal focusing is provided by a choice of gallium-cooled triangular bent Si (111) or Si (220) monochromators, giving a wavelength range from 0.3 to 1.5 A. Focusing in the vertical plane is achieved by a cylindrically bent zerodur mirror with a 300 mum-thick palladium coating. The station is equipped with a modified Enraf-Nonius CAD-4 four-circle diffractometer and a Siemens SMART CCD area-detector system. High- and low-temperature facilities are available to cover the temperature range from about 80 to 1000 K. Early results on test compounds without optimization of the beam optics demonstrate that excellent refined structures can be obtained from samples giving diffraction patterns too weak to be measured with conventional laboratory X-ray sources, fulfilling a major objective of the project.

[An atraumatic needle for the puncture of ports and pumps].

PubMed

Haindl, H; Müller, H

1988-10-17

Huber-point needles have been found to induce substantial coring during puncture of ports or pumps, which may lead to leakage or obturation of these devices. Therefore, different types of cannulas were tested in order to evaluate their applicability for this purpose. Pencil-point needles led to increased pain during puncture and thus seemed unsuitable. A newly developed port-cannula bent inwards within the length of the bevel ("protected bevel") and proved to be definitely noncoring during electron microscopy. Consequently the force required to introduce this needle was reduced by 50% in comparison with the Huber-type needle. In addition, this cannula allowed up to 3000 punctures of one port without leakage and, thus, correspondingly therefore relevantly increased the durability of this device.

Development of a position sensitive X-ray detector for use in a light weight X-ray diffractometer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Semmler, R. A.

1971-01-01

A position sensitive proportional counter for use in an X-ray diffractometer is developed to permit drastic reductions in the power and weight requirements of the X-ray source and the elimination of the power, weight, and complexity of a moving slit. The final detector constructed and tested has a window spanning 138 and a free standing anode curved along an arc of 7.1 cm radius. Demonstration spectra of a quartz sample in a Debye-Sherrer geometry indicate a spatial resolution of 0.4 - 0.5 mm (0.3 - 0.4 theta). The lunar diffractometer consumed 25 watts in the X-ray generator and weighed about 20 pounds.

Optimization of a multi-channel parabolic guide for the material science diffractometer STRESS-SPEC at FRM II

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rebelo Kornmeier, Joana; Ostermann, Andreas; Hofmann, Michael; Gibmeier, Jens

2014-02-01

Neutron strain diffractometers usually use slits to define a gauge volume within engineering samples. In this study a multi-channel parabolic neutron guide was developed to be used instead of the primary slit to minimise the loss of intensity and vertical definition of the gauge volume when using slits placed far away from the measurement position in bulky components. The major advantage of a focusing guide is that the maximum flux is not at the exit of the guide as for a slit system but at the focal point relatively far away from the exit of the guide. Monte Carlo simulations were used to optimise the multi-channel parabolic guide with respect to the instrument characteristics of the diffractometer STRESS-SPEC at the FRM II neutron source. Also the simulations are in excellent agreement with experimental measurements using the optimised multi-channel parabolic guide at the neutron diffractometer. In addition the performance of the guide was compared to the standard slit setup at STRESS-SPEC using a single bead weld sample used in earlier round robin tests for residual strain measurements.

An Anatomical Assessment of Branch Abscission and Branch-base Hydraulic Architecture in the Endangered Wollemia nobilis

PubMed Central

Burrows, G. E.; Meagher, P. F.; Heady, R. D.

2007-01-01

Background and Aims The branch-base xylem structure of the endangered Wollemia nobilis was anatomically investigated. Wollemia nobilis is probably the only extant tree species that produces only first-order branches and where all branches are cleanly abscised. An investigation was carried out to see if these unusual features might influence branch-base xylem structure and water supply to the foliage. Methods The xylem was sectioned at various distances along the branch bases of 6-year-old saplings. Huber values and relative theoretical hydraulic conductivities were calculated for various regions of the branch base. Key Results The most proximal branch base featured a pronounced xylem constriction. The constriction had only 14–31 % (average 21 %) of the cross-sectional area and 20–42 % (average 28 %) of the theoretical hydraulic conductivity of the more distal branch xylem. Wollemia nobilis had extremely low Huber values for a conifer. Conclusions The branch-base xylem constriction would appear to facilitate branch abscission, while the associated Huber values show that W. nobilis supplies a relatively large leaf area through a relatively small diameter ‘pipe’. It is tempting to suggest that the pronounced decline of W. nobilis in the Tertiary is related to its unusual branch-base structure but physiological studies of whole plant conductance are still needed. PMID:17272303

78 FR 67319 - Appliance Standards and Rulemaking Federal Advisory Committee (ASRAC)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-12

... Energy) Tom Eckman (Northwest Power and Conservation Council) Other Selected Members Robert Barbour (TACO...) Gary Fernstrom (California IOUs) Mark Handzel (Xylem Corporation) Albert Huber (Patterson Pump Company...

Neutron diffraction study of aqueous Laponite suspensions at the NIMROD diffractometer.

PubMed

Tudisca, V; Bruni, F; Scoppola, E; Angelini, R; Ruzicka, B; Zulian, L; Soper, A K; Ricci, M A

2014-09-01

The process of dynamical arrest, leading to formation of different arrested states such as glasses and gels, along with the closely related process of aging, is central for both basic research and technology. Here we report on a study of the time-dependent structural evolution of two aqueous Laponite clay suspensions at different weight concentrations. Neutron diffraction experiments have been performed with the near and intermediate range order diffractometer (NIMROD) that allows studies of the structure of liquids and disordered materials over a continuous length scale ranging from 1 to 300 Å, i.e., from the atomistic to the mesoscopic scales. NIMROD is presently a unique diffractometer, bridging the length scales traditionally investigated by small angle neutron scattering or small angle x-ray scattering with that accessible by traditional diffractometers for liquids. Interestingly, we have unveiled a signature of aging of both suspensions in the length scale region of NIMROD. This phenomenon, ascribed to sporadic contacts between Laponite platelets at long times, has been observed with the sample arrested as gel or as repulsive glass. Moreover, water molecules within the layers closest to Laponite platelets surface show orientational and translational order, which maps into the crystalline structure of Laponite.

Diffractometer data collecting method and apparatus

DOEpatents

Steinmeyer, P.A.

1991-04-16

Diffractometer data is collected without the use of a movable receiver. A scanning device, positioned in the diffractometer between a sample and detector, varies the amount of the beam diffracted from the sample that is received by the detector in such a manner that the beam is detected in an integrated form. In one embodiment, a variable diameter beam stop is used which comprises a drop of mercury captured between a pair of spaced sheets and disposed in the path of the diffracted beam. By varying the spacing between the sheets, the diameter of the mercury drop is varied. In another embodiment, an adjustable iris diaphragm is positioned in the path of the diffracted beam and the iris opening is adjusted to control the amount of the beam reaching the detector. 5 figures.

Diffractometer data collecting method and apparatus

DOEpatents

Steinmeyer, Peter A.

1991-04-16

Diffractometer data is collected without the use of a movable receiving s. A scanning device, positioned in the diffractometer between a sample and detector, varies the amount of the beam diffracted from the sample that is received by the detector in such a manner that the beam is detected in an integrated form. In one embodiment, a variable diameter beam stop is used which comprises a drop of mercury captured between a pair of spaced sheets and disposed in the path of the diffracted beam. By varying the spacing between the sheets, the diameter of the mercury drop is varied. In another embodiment, an adjustable iris diaphragm is positioned in the path of the diffracted beam and the iris opening is adjusted to control the amount of the beam reaching the detector.

Calibration of X-Ray diffractometer by the experimental comparison method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dudka, A. P., E-mail: dudka@ns.crys.ras.ru

2015-07-15

A software for calibrating an X-ray diffractometer with area detector has been developed. It is proposed to search for detector and goniometer calibration models whose parameters are reproduced in a series of measurements on a reference crystal. Reference (standard) crystals are prepared during the investigation; they should provide the agreement of structural models in repeated analyses. The technique developed has been used to calibrate Xcalibur Sapphire and Eos, Gemini Ruby (Agilent) and Apex x8 and Apex Duo (Bruker) diffractometers. The main conclusions are as follows: the calibration maps are stable for several years and can be used to improve structuralmore » results, verified CCD detectors exhibit significant inhomogeneity of the efficiency (response) function, and a Bruker goniometer introduces smaller distortions than an Agilent goniometer.« less

Kepler Stellar Properties Catalog Update for Q1-Q17 DR25 Transit Search

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mathur, Savita; Huber, Daniel

2016-01-01

Huber et al. (2014) presented revised stellar properties for 196,468 Kepler targets, which were used for the Q1-Q16 TPSDV planet search (Tenenbaum et al. 2014). The catalog was based on atmospheric properties (i.e., temperature (Teff), surface gravity (log(g)), and metallicity ([FeH])) published in the literature using a variety of methods (e.g., asteroseismology, spectroscopy, exoplanet transits, photometry), which were then homogeneously fitted to a grid of Dartmouth (DSEP) isochrones (Dotter et al. 2008). The catalog was updated in early 2015 for the Q1-Q17 Data Release (DR) 24 transit search (Seader et al. 2015) based on the latest classifications of Kepler targets in the literature at that time. The methodology followed Huber et al. (2014). Here we provide updated stellar properties of 197,096 Kepler targets. Like the previous catalog, this update is based on atmospheric properties that were either published in the literature or provided by the Kepler community follow-up program (CFOP). The input values again come from different methods: asteroseismology, spectroscopy, flicker, and photometry. This catalog update was developed to support the SOC 9.3 TPSDV planet search (Twicken et al. 2016), which is expected to be the final search and data release by the Kepler project.In this document, we describe the method and the inputs that were used to build the catalog. The methodology follows Huber et al. (2014) with a few improvements as described in Section 2.

Genetics Home Reference: microvillus inclusion disease

MedlinePlus

... Citation on PubMed Khubchandani SR, Vohra P, Chitale AR, Sidana P. Microvillous inclusion disease--an ultrastructural diagnosis: ... O, Utermann G, Ruemmele FM, Huber LA, Janecke AR. MYO5B mutations cause microvillus inclusion disease and disrupt ...

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-06-16

Eddie Snell, Post-Doctoral Fellow the National Research Council (NRC) uses a reciprocal space mapping diffractometer for macromolecular crystal quality studies. The diffractometer is used in mapping the structure of macromolecules such as proteins to determine their structure and thus understand how they function with other proteins in the body. This is one of several analytical tools used on proteins crystallized on Earth and in space experiments. Photo credit: NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC)

Protein Crystal Quality Studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

Eddie Snell, Post-Doctoral Fellow the National Research Council (NRC) uses a reciprocal space mapping diffractometer for macromolecular crystal quality studies. The diffractometer is used in mapping the structure of macromolecules such as proteins to determine their structure and thus understand how they function with other proteins in the body. This is one of several analytical tools used on proteins crystallized on Earth and in space experiments. Photo credit: NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC)

POWTEX - A new High-Intensity Powder and Texture Diffractometer at FRM II, Garching Germany

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walter, J. M.; Brückel, T.; Dronskowski, R.; Hansen, B. T.; Houben, A.; Klein, H.; Leiss, B.; Vollbrecht, A.; Sowa, H.

2009-05-01

In recent years, neutron diffraction has become a routine tool in Geoscience for experimental high-field (HP/HT/HH) powder diffraction and for the quantitative analysis of the crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO). Quantitative texture analysis is e.g. involved in the research fields of fabric development in mono- and polyphase rocks, deformation histories and kinematics during mountain building processes and the characterization of flow kinematics in lava flows. Secondly the quantitative characterization of anisotropic physical properties of both rock and analogue materials is conducted by bulk texture measurements of sometimes larger sample volumes. This is easily achievable by neutron diffraction due to the high penetration capabilities of the neutrons. The resulting geoscientific need for increased measuring time at neutron diffraction facilities with the corresponding technical characteristics and equipment will in future be satisfied by this high-intensity diffractometer at the neutron research reactor FRM II in Garching, Germany. It will be built by a consortium of groups from the RWTH Aachen, Forschungszentrum Jülich and the University of Göttingen, who will also operate the instrument. The diffractometer will be optimized to high intensities (flux) with an equivalent sufficient resolution for polyphase rocks. Furthermore a broad range of d-values (0.5 to 15 Å) will be measurable. The uniqueness of this instrument is the geoscientific focus on different sample environments for in situ-static and deformation experiments (stress, strain and annealing/recrystallisation) and (U)HP/(U)HT experiments. A LP/LT or atmospheric-P deformation rig for in situ-deformation experiments on ice, halite or rock analogue materials is planned, to allow in situ-measurements of the texture development during deformation and annealing. Additionally a uniaxial HT/MP deformation apparatus for salt deformation experiments and an adapted Griggs- type deformation rig are also designated. Furthermore an uniaxial stress frame for in situ stress investigations is planned to conduct simultaneous measurements of stress, elastic or plastic deformation and texture. Other sample environments for geoscientific application will be HP/HT furnaces and pressure cells for powder diffraction investigations. Furthermore the diffractometer will be built in combination with a high-pressure multi anvil up to 25 GPa and 2500 K built by the University of Bayreuth at the same beam line. The detector concept allows single shot texture measurements and therefore the measurement of larger geological sample series as necessary for the investigations of complete geological structures. This concept is complementary to the geoscience neutron texture diffractometer in Dubna, Russia and the stress diffractometer STRESS-SPEC located also at the Garching research reactor. For powder diffraction the diffractometer will be complementary to the existing high-resolution powder diffractometer SPODI at the FRM-II. It will offer the possibility of short, high-intensity parametric powder diffraction measurements in dependency of temperature, electrical, magnetic and stress fields due to the higher flux at the sample. The optimization to high-intensities and therefore short measuring times will also allow time-resolved measurements of kinetic reactions even of small sample volumes.

44. Reinforcement construction to Pleasant Dam. Photographer unknown, 1935. Source: ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

44. Reinforcement construction to Pleasant Dam. Photographer unknown, 1935. Source: Huber Collection, University of California, Berkeley, Water Resources Library. - Waddell Dam, On Agua Fria River, 35 miles northwest of Phoenix, Phoenix, Maricopa County, AZ

18. Foothouse (far right), Looking at Main Conveyor traveling to ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. Foothouse (far right), Looking at Main Conveyor traveling to Breaker. Retail Coal Storage Bins left of Main Conveyor Photograph taken by George Harven - Huber Coal Breaker, 101 South Main Street, Ashley, Luzerne County, PA

[Comparison of port needle with safety device between Huber Plus (HP) and Poly PERF Safe (PPS)].

PubMed

Shimono, Chigusa; Tanaka, Atsuko; Fujita, Ai; Ishimoto, Miki; Oura, Shoji; Yamaue, Hiroki; Sato, Morio

2010-05-01

An embedded port is frequently used for outpatients with advanced cancer in central venous chemotherapy or hepatic arterial chemoinfusion. The port needle with a safety device in an ambulatory treatment center is indispensable for medical employees and patient plus family to reduce the risk of a needle puncture accident and to prevent iatrogenic infection. The port needle with safety system has been already introduced in our chemotherapy center. There are two types of port needle with safety device; Huber Plus (HP, Medicon Co., Ltd.) and POLY PERF Safe (PPS, Pyolax Device, Co., Ltd.). The comparison of the feasibility between HP and PPS was conducted by both medical employees and patients plus family using an inquiry score method. HP was highly regarded for its stability plus fixation and PPS for its usefulness in puncture and extraction of the needle. PPS was found to be preferable to HP based on the overall evaluation.

A temperature-controlled cell for X-ray study of liquid systems using a commercial DRON-UM1 diffractometer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Petrun`kin, S.P.; Garavina, E.V.; Trostin, V.N.

1995-02-01

A container (cell) and a temperature-control system have been designed enabling one to carry out x-ray diffraction study of liquid samples both at a fixed temperature and within a certain temperature range using a commercial DRON-UMl x-ray diffractometer. Special features of the cell and the materials used for it allow one to study both chemically inert and corrosive liquids.

Sample holder for X-ray diffractometry

DOEpatents

Hesch, Victor L.

1992-01-01

A sample holder for use with X-ray diffractometers with the capability to rotate the sample, as well as to adjust the position of the sample in the x, y, and z directions. Adjustment in the x direction is accomplished through loosening set screws, moving a platform, and retightening the set screws. Motion translators are used for adjustment in the y and z directions. An electric motor rotates the sample, and receives power from the diffractometer.

In-situ data collection at the photon factory macromolecular crystallography beamlines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yamada, Yusuke, E-mail: yusuke.yamada@kek.jp; Matsugaki, Naohiro; Kato, Ryuichi

Crystallization trial is one of the most important but time-consuming steps in macromolecular crystallography, and in-situ diffraction experiment has a capability to make researchers to proceed this step more efficiently. At the Photon Factory, a new tabletop diffractometer for in-situ diffraction experiments has been developed. It consists of XYZ translation stages with a plate handler, an on-axis viewing system and a plate rack with a capacity for ten crystallization plates. These components sit on a common plate and are able to be placed on the existing diffractometer table. The CCD detector with a large active area and a pixel arraymore » detector with a small active area are used for acquiring diffraction images from crystals. Dedicated control software and a user interface have also been developed. The new diffractometer has been operational for users and used for evaluation of crystallization screening since 2014.« less

Hydraulic properties of fronds from palms of varying height and habitat.

PubMed

Renninger, Heidi J; Phillips, Nathan

2011-12-01

Because palms grow in highly varying climates and reach considerable heights, they present a unique opportunity to evaluate how environment and plant size impact hydraulic function. We studied hydraulic properties of petioles from palms of varying height from three species: Iriartea deltoidea, a tropical rainforest species; Mauritia flexuosa, a tropical rainforest, swamp species; and Washingtonia robusta, a subtropical species. We measured leaf areas, petiole cross-sectional areas, specific conductivity (K(S)), petiole anatomical properties, vulnerability to embolism and leaf water potentials and calculated petiole Huber values and leaf-specific conductivities (K(L)). Leaf and petiole cross-sectional areas varied widely with height. However, hydraulic properties including Huber values, K(S) and K(L), remained constant. The two palmate species, M. flexuosa and W. robusta, had larger Huber values than I. deltoidea, a pinnately-compound species which exhibited the highest K(S). Metaxylem vessel diameters and vascular bundle densities varied with height in opposing patterns to maintain petiole conductivities. I. deltoidea and W. robusta petioles had similar P(50) values (the point at which 50% of hydraulic conductivity is lost) averaged over all crown heights, but W. robusta exhibited more negative P(50) values in taller palms. Comparison of P (50) values with transpiring midday leaf water potentials, as well as a double-dye staining experiment in a 1-m-tall palm, suggested that a fairly significant amount of embolisms were occurring and refilled on a diurnal basis. Therefore, across palms differing widely in height and growing environments, we found convergence in water transport per unit leaf area (K(L)) with individuals exhibiting differing strategies for achieving this.

33. Coal Fuel Elevator (diagonal in foreground), Fuel Elevator (left), ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

33. Coal Fuel Elevator (diagonal in foreground), Fuel Elevator (left), Fuel Storage Bins (center), and Power Plant (right) Photographs taken by Joseph E.B. Elliot - Huber Coal Breaker, 101 South Main Street, Ashley, Luzerne County, PA

53. Retail Pockets, Looking West, date unknown Historic Photograph, Photogapher ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

53. Retail Pockets, Looking West, date unknown Historic Photograph, Photogapher Unknown; Collection of William Everett, Jr. (Wilkes-Barre, PA), photocopy by Joseph E.B. Elliot - Huber Coal Breaker, 101 South Main Street, Ashley, Luzerne County, PA

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-06-16

Eddie Snell (standing), Post-Doctoral Fellow the National Research Council (NRC),and Marc Pusey of Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) use a reciprocal space mapping diffractometer for marcromolecular crystal quality studies. The diffractometer is used in mapping the structure of marcromolecules such as proteins to determine their structure and thus understand how they function with other proteins in the body. This is one of several analytical tools used on proteins crystalized on Earth and in space experiments. Photo credit: NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC)

Peak broadening and peak shift pole figures investigations by STRESS-SPEC diffractometer at FRM II

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gan, W. M.; Randau, C.; Hofmann, M.; Brokmeier, H. G.; Mueller, M.; Schreyer, A.

2012-02-01

This paper studied for the first time peak intensity, peak position and FHWM pole figures with one time measurement at the neutron diffractometer STRESS-SPEC via in-situ tensile deformation on austenitic steel. Fibre distribution with its evolution from central tensile direction to normal direction of these three kinds of pole figures was obtained. Variation of peak position and FWHM can be correlated to the reorientation of the texture component.

LOTT RANCH 3D PROJECT

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Larry Lawrence; Bruce Miller

The Lott Ranch 3D seismic prospect located in Garza County, Texas is a project initiated in September of 1991 by the J.M. Huber Corp., a petroleum exploration and production company. By today's standards the 126 square mile project does not seem monumental, however at the time it was conceived it was the most intensive land 3D project ever attempted. Acquisition began in September of 1991 utilizing GEO-SEISMIC, INC., a seismic data contractor. The field parameters were selected by J.M. Huber, and were of a radical design. The recording instruments used were GeoCor IV amplifiers designed by Geosystems Inc., which recordmore » the data in signed bit format. It would not have been practical, if not impossible, to have processed the entire raw volume with the tools available at that time. The end result was a dataset that was thought to have little utility due to difficulties in processing the field data. In 1997, Yates Energy Corp. located in Roswell, New Mexico, formed a partnership to further develop the project. Through discussions and meetings with Pinnacle Seismic, it was determined that the original Lott Ranch 3D volume could be vastly improved upon reprocessing. Pinnacle Seismic had shown the viability of improving field-summed signed bit data on smaller 2D and 3D projects. Yates contracted Pinnacle Seismic Ltd. to perform the reprocessing. This project was initiated with high resolution being a priority. Much of the potential resolution was lost through the initial summing of the field data. Modern computers that are now being utilized have tremendous speed and storage capacities that were cost prohibitive when this data was initially processed. Software updates and capabilities offer a variety of quality control and statics resolution, which are pertinent to the Lott Ranch project. The reprocessing effort was very successful. The resulting processed data-set was then interpreted using modern PC-based interpretation and mapping software. Production data, log data, and scout ticket data were integrated with the 3D interpretations to evaluate drilling opportunities resulting in an initial three well drilling program. Thousands of miles of signed bit data exist. Much of this data was processed during a time when software and hardware capabilities were either incapable or cost prohibitive to glean the full potential of the data. In fact in some circles signed bit gained an undeserved reputation for being less than optimum. As a consequence much of the older signed bit data sits on the shelf long forgotten or overlooked. With the high cost of new acquisition and permitting it might behoove other exploration companies to reconsider resurrecting perfectly viable existing volumes and have them reprocessed at a fraction of the cost of new acquisition.« less

Protein Crystal Quality Studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

Eddie Snell (standing), Post-Doctoral Fellow the National Research Council (NRC),and Marc Pusey of Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) use a reciprocal space mapping diffractometer for marcromolecular crystal quality studies. The diffractometer is used in mapping the structure of marcromolecules such as proteins to determine their structure and thus understand how they function with other proteins in the body. This is one of several analytical tools used on proteins crystalized on Earth and in space experiments. Photo credit: NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC)

Thermal stabilization of neutron Larmor diffractometers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Keller, T.; Tralmer, F.

2017-06-01

We report on the design of a support unit for the radio frequency (RF) coils of a Larmor diffractometer (LD) eliminating fluctuations of the Larmor phase resulting from thermal expansion of the support structures. The key component defining the spacing between the RF coils is a Zerodur bar with a very low thermal expansion coefficient (α = 7 × 10-8 K-1). This support unit will allow for LD measurements on the 10-6 accuracy level even if the ambient temperature is fluctuating.

35. Coal Fuel Elevator (diagonal in center), Fuel Elevator (left), ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

35. Coal Fuel Elevator (diagonal in center), Fuel Elevator (left), Fuel Storage Bins (center), and Power Plant (far center), and Retail Coal Storage Bins (right) Photograph taken by George Harven - Huber Coal Breaker, 101 South Main Street, Ashley, Luzerne County, PA

34. Coal Fuel Elevator (diagonal in foreground), Fuel Elevator (left), ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

34. Coal Fuel Elevator (diagonal in foreground), Fuel Elevator (left), Fuel Storage Bins (center), and Power Plant (far center), and Retail Coal Storage Bins (right) Photograph taken by George Harven - Huber Coal Breaker, 101 South Main Street, Ashley, Luzerne County, PA

SUPERFUND TREATABILITY CLEARINGHOUSE ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This newsletter reports on the Huber Technology Groups (HTG) high temperature advanced hazardous waste treatment technology capable of very high destruction and removal efficiencies of various hazardous wastes. This newsletter addresses the destruction of PCBs in an EPA certification test of the HTG Advanced Electric Reactor. provide information

NBIC: National Ballast Information Clearinghouse

Science.gov Websites

Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Logo US Coast Guard Logo Submit BW Report | Search NBIC Database / Database Manager: Tami Huber Senior Analyst / Ecologist: Mark Minton Data Managers Ashley Arnwine Jessica Hardee Amanda Reynolds Database Design and Programming / Application Programming: Paul Winterbauer

61. Picking Floor, Large Pile of Waste Rock and Wood ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

61. Picking Floor, Large Pile of Waste Rock and Wood date unknown Historic Photograph, Photographer Unknown; Collection of William Everett, Jr. (Wilkes-Barre, PA), photocopy by Joseph E.B. Elliot - Huber Coal Breaker, 101 South Main Street, Ashley, Luzerne County, PA

47. Northwest Side of Breaker, Rock Belt Line (foreground), date ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

47. Northwest Side of Breaker, Rock Belt Line (foreground), date unknown Historic Photograph, Photograher Unknown; Collection of William Everett, Jr. (Wilkes-Barre, PA), photocopy by Joseph E.B. Elliot - Huber Coal Breaker, 101 South Main Street, Ashley, Luzerne County, PA

A group LASSO-based method for robustly inferring gene regulatory networks from multiple time-course datasets.

PubMed

Liu, Li-Zhi; Wu, Fang-Xiang; Zhang, Wen-Jun

2014-01-01

As an abstract mapping of the gene regulations in the cell, gene regulatory network is important to both biological research study and practical applications. The reverse engineering of gene regulatory networks from microarray gene expression data is a challenging research problem in systems biology. With the development of biological technologies, multiple time-course gene expression datasets might be collected for a specific gene network under different circumstances. The inference of a gene regulatory network can be improved by integrating these multiple datasets. It is also known that gene expression data may be contaminated with large errors or outliers, which may affect the inference results. A novel method, Huber group LASSO, is proposed to infer the same underlying network topology from multiple time-course gene expression datasets as well as to take the robustness to large error or outliers into account. To solve the optimization problem involved in the proposed method, an efficient algorithm which combines the ideas of auxiliary function minimization and block descent is developed. A stability selection method is adapted to our method to find a network topology consisting of edges with scores. The proposed method is applied to both simulation datasets and real experimental datasets. It shows that Huber group LASSO outperforms the group LASSO in terms of both areas under receiver operating characteristic curves and areas under the precision-recall curves. The convergence analysis of the algorithm theoretically shows that the sequence generated from the algorithm converges to the optimal solution of the problem. The simulation and real data examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the Huber group LASSO in integrating multiple time-course gene expression datasets and improving the resistance to large errors or outliers.

Robust logistic regression to narrow down the winner's curse for rare and recessive susceptibility variants.

PubMed

Kesselmeier, Miriam; Lorenzo Bermejo, Justo

2017-11-01

Logistic regression is the most common technique used for genetic case-control association studies. A disadvantage of standard maximum likelihood estimators of the genotype relative risk (GRR) is their strong dependence on outlier subjects, for example, patients diagnosed at unusually young age. Robust methods are available to constrain outlier influence, but they are scarcely used in genetic studies. This article provides a non-intimidating introduction to robust logistic regression, and investigates its benefits and limitations in genetic association studies. We applied the bounded Huber and extended the R package 'robustbase' with the re-descending Hampel functions to down-weight outlier influence. Computer simulations were carried out to assess the type I error rate, mean squared error (MSE) and statistical power according to major characteristics of the genetic study and investigated markers. Simulations were complemented with the analysis of real data. Both standard and robust estimation controlled type I error rates. Standard logistic regression showed the highest power but standard GRR estimates also showed the largest bias and MSE, in particular for associated rare and recessive variants. For illustration, a recessive variant with a true GRR=6.32 and a minor allele frequency=0.05 investigated in a 1000 case/1000 control study by standard logistic regression resulted in power=0.60 and MSE=16.5. The corresponding figures for Huber-based estimation were power=0.51 and MSE=0.53. Overall, Hampel- and Huber-based GRR estimates did not differ much. Robust logistic regression may represent a valuable alternative to standard maximum likelihood estimation when the focus lies on risk prediction rather than identification of susceptibility variants. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Plasticity in the Huber value contributes to homeostasis in leaf water relations of a mallee Eucalypt with variation to groundwater depth.

PubMed

Carter, Jennifer L; White, Donald A

2009-11-01

Information on how vegetation adapts to differences in water supply is critical for predicting vegetation survival, growth and water use, which, in turn, has important impacts on site hydrology. Many field studies assess adaptation to water stress by comparing between disparate sites, which makes it difficult to distinguish between physiological or morphological changes and long-term genetic adaptation. When planting trees into new environments, the phenotypic adaptations of a species to water stress will be of primary interest. This study examined the response to water availability of Eucalyptus kochii ssp. borealis (C. Gardner) D. Nicolle, commonly integrated with agriculture in south-western Australia for environmental and economic benefits. By choosing a site where the groundwater depth varied but where climate and soil type were the same, we were able to isolate tree response to water supply. Tree growth, leaf area and stand water use were much larger for trees over shallow groundwater than for trees over a deep water table below a silcrete hardpan. However, water use on a leaf area basis was similar in trees over deep and shallow groundwater, as were the minimum leaf water potential observed over different seasons and the turgor loss point. We conclude that homeostasis in leaf water use and water relations was maintained through a combination of stomatal control and adjustment of sapwood-to-leaf area ratios (Huber value). Differences in the Huber value with groundwater depth were associated with different sapwood-specific conductivity and water use on a sapwood area basis. Knowledge of the coordination between water supply, leaf area, sapwood area and leaf transpiration rate for different species will be important when predicting stand water use.

Preparation, crystal structure and thermal decomposition kinetics of 1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)azo-1-nitrocyclohexane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Desuo; Ma, Haixia; Hu, Rongzu; Song, Jirong; Zhao, Fengqi

2005-11-01

A new three-nitro-group compound of 1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)azo-1-nitrocyclohexane was prepared by the reaction of cyclohexanone-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine with nitric oxide at ambient temperature. The single crystal structure has been determined by a four-circle X-ray diffractometer. The compound is monoclinic with space group P2(1)/ c and unit-cell parameters a=11.300(2) Å, b=12.993(2) Å, c=10.155(1) Å, β=98.33(1) o, F(000)=672, the unit-cell volume V=1475.2(5) Å 3, the molecule number in one unit-cell Z=4, the absorption coefficient μ=1.19 cm -1, the calculated density Dc=1.456 g cm -3. The exothermic decomposition reaction kinetics of the compound has been studied by DSC. The kinetic model function in differential form, apparent activation energy and pre-exponential constant of this reaction are (3/4)(1-α)[-ln(1-α)] 1/4, 123.88 kJ mol -1 and 10 11.49 s -1, respectively. The critical temperature of thermal explosion of the title compound is 161.15 oC and the entropy of activation (ΔS), enthalpy of activation (ΔH), and free energy of activation (ΔG) are -34.16 J mol -1 K -1, 115.7, and 130.48 kJ mol -1, respectively.

The Student Issue. Original Articles by Student Gammans.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sharif, Behjat A., Ed.

1999-01-01

This collection of articles by undergraduate and graduate student Gammans includes the following: "Health Problems of Adolescents in Juvenile Detention Centers" (Anna M. Huber); "A Qualitative Study of the Motivations and Concerns of Sexual Diversity Panel Participants" (Kandice M. Johnson); "High School Freshmen Parenting…

SUPERFUND TREATABILITY CLEARINGHOUSE: ADVANCED ELECTRIC REACTOR (AER) FOR THE TREATMENT OF DIOXIN- CONTAMINATED SOILS

EPA Science Inventory

This newsletter reports on the Huber Technology Groups (HTG) high temperature advanced hazardous waste treatment technology capable of very high destruction and removal efficiencies of various hazardous wastes. This newsletter addresses the destruction of PCBs in an EPA certifi...

Communication: Overcoming the root search problem in complex quantum trajectory calculations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zamstein, Noa; Tannor, David J.

2014-01-28

Three new developments are presented regarding the semiclassical coherent state propagator. First, we present a conceptually different derivation of Huber and Heller's method for identifying complex root trajectories and their equations of motion [D. Huber and E. J. Heller, J. Chem. Phys. 87, 5302 (1987)]. Our method proceeds directly from the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and therefore allows various generalizations of the formalism. Second, we obtain an analytic expression for the semiclassical coherent state propagator. We show that the prefactor can be expressed in a form that requires solving significantly fewer equations of motion than in alternative expressions. Third, the semiclassicalmore » coherent state propagator is used to formulate a final value representation of the time-dependent wavefunction that avoids the root search, eliminates problems with caustics and automatically includes interference. We present numerical results for the 1D Morse oscillator showing that the method may become an attractive alternative to existing semiclassical approaches.« less

TopoToolbox: using sensor topography to calculate psychologically meaningful measures from event-related EEG/MEG.

PubMed

Tian, Xing; Poeppel, David; Huber, David E

2011-01-01

The open-source toolbox "TopoToolbox" is a suite of functions that use sensor topography to calculate psychologically meaningful measures (similarity, magnitude, and timing) from multisensor event-related EEG and MEG data. Using a GUI and data visualization, TopoToolbox can be used to calculate and test the topographic similarity between different conditions (Tian and Huber, 2008). This topographic similarity indicates whether different conditions involve a different distribution of underlying neural sources. Furthermore, this similarity calculation can be applied at different time points to discover when a response pattern emerges (Tian and Poeppel, 2010). Because the topographic patterns are obtained separately for each individual, these patterns are used to produce reliable measures of response magnitude that can be compared across individuals using conventional statistics (Davelaar et al. Submitted and Huber et al., 2008). TopoToolbox can be freely downloaded. It runs under MATLAB (The MathWorks, Inc.) and supports user-defined data structure as well as standard EEG/MEG data import using EEGLAB (Delorme and Makeig, 2004).

52. View Looking East from Power Plant Silos, Retail Pockets ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

52. View Looking East from Power Plant Silos, Retail Pockets under Construction, dated 2 October 1956 Historic Photograph, Photographer Unknown; Collection of William Everett, Jr. (Wilkes-Barre, PA), photocopy by Joseph E.B. Elliot - Huber Coal Breaker, 101 South Main Street, Ashley, Luzerne County, PA

Responses from the Field

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frazier, Donna; Kroll, Robert J.; Boetticher, Jeffery M.

2007-01-01

This paper presents responses from Donna Frazier, Robert J. Kroll, O.F.M., and Jeffery M. Boetticher to John Huber's research article entitled "The Accessibility of American Catholic Secondary Schools to the Various Socioeconomic Classes of Catholic Families." Frazier stresses that the accessibility of Catholic education at the secondary level is…

Rotatable multifunctional load frames for neutron diffractometers at FRM II—design, specifications and applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoelzel, M.; Gan, W. M.; Hofmann, M.; Randau, C.; Seidl, G.; Jüttner, Ph.; Schmahl, W. W.

2013-05-01

Novel tensile rigs have been designed and manufactured at the research reactor Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II, Garching near Munich). Besides tensile and compressive stress, also torsion can be applied. The unique Eulerian cradle type design (ω, χ, and φ axis) allows orienting the stress axis with respect to the scattering vector. Applications of these tensile rigs at our neutron diffractometers enable various investigations of structural changes under mechanical load, e.g. crystallographic texture evolution, stress-induced phase transformations or lattice expansion, and the anisotropy of mechanical response.

Using Aha! Moments to Understand Leadership Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Lori L.; Lewis, Lauren J.

2012-01-01

As Huber (2002) noted, striving to understand how leadership is taught and learned is both a challenge and an opportunity facing leadership educators. This article describes the "Leadership Aha! Moment" assignment used in a leadership theory course to help students recognize the intersection of leadership theories and their daily lives while…

Take the Challenge: Building Social Competency in Adolescents with Asperger's Syndrome

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morrison, Rebecca S.; Blackburn, Amanda M.

2008-01-01

Research supports the difficulties that students with Asperger's Syndrome (AS) and High-Functioning Autism (HFA) have in developing successful interpersonal relationships. While they want to establish friendships, students with AS fail to recognize and accurately interpret social cues and verbal and nonverbal behavior (Iovannone, Dunlap, Huber, &…

Spectroscopic Classification of Two Supernovae

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gomez, S.; Blanchard, P.; Nicholl, M.; Berger, E.

2018-02-01

We obtained optical spectroscopic observations of 2 transients reported to the Transient Name Server by the ATLAS survey (Tonry et al. 2011, PASP, 123, 58; Tonry et al., ATel #8680) and the Pan-STARRS Survey for Transients (PSST; Huber et al., ATel #7153; http://star.pst.qub.ac.uk/ps1threepi/).

51. South side of Breaker, Retail Pockets under Construction Historic ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

51. South side of Breaker, Retail Pockets under Construction Historic Photograph, Photographer Unknown Originally taken by Glen Alden Safety Department, 18 August 1954; Collection of William Everett, Jr. (Wilkes-Barre, PA), photocopy by Joseph E.B. Elliot - Huber Coal Breaker, 101 South Main Street, Ashley, Luzerne County, PA

Data acquisition of neutron crystallography on tetragonal and triclinic forms of hen-egg-white (HEW) lysozyme with an elastically bent Si monochromator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tanaka, I.; Minezaki, Y.; Harada, K.; Niimura, N.

An elastically bent silicon (EBSi) as a monochromator has been optimized for neutron diffractometers of biocrystallography. It was found that several stacked thin Si plates were easier to be bent much for the near focusing point and they increased neutron reflectivity by aligning the plates. Currently, an EBSi(1 1 1) monochromator system was equipped at a diffractometer (BIX-I). It took 50 days to collect about 12 000 reflections of hen-egg-white lysozyme. The minimum d-spacing was 2.1 Å.

Scholarship: The Key to Creating Change through Outreach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bruns, Karen; Conklin, Nikki; Wright, Mindy; Hoover, David; Brace, Ben; Wise, Greg; Pendleton, Fariba; Dann, Michael; Martin, Michael; Childers, Jeri

2002-01-01

Outreach can and should exemplify the characteristics typical of any scholarly work if it is to create change in our communities and universities. Glassick, Huber, and Maeroff's insight on the standards for scholarly work are reflected in the processes commonly used to implement outreach. Boyer challenges us to think of scholarship as a communal…

Estimating cubic volume of small diameter tree-length logs from ponderosa and lodgepole pine.

Treesearch

Marlin E. Plank; James M. Cahill

1984-01-01

A sample of 351 ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) and 509 lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) logs were used to evaluate the performance of three commonly used formulas for estimating cubic volume. Smalian's formula, Bruce's formula, and Huber's formula were tested to determine which...

Pushed to Improve--Race to Top, or Not

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cavanagh, Sean

2011-01-01

A pair of Ohio school districts, a short drive down Interstate 70 from each other, share similar goals. Each wants to improve student achievement by strengthening curriculum and instruction and giving teachers and principals the tools to make it happen. But the Huber Heights and Brookville school systems diverge in their approach to meeting those…

The Varied Textures of an Arts-Informed Methodology: Exploring Teachers' Identities through Artful Expressions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lavina, Leanne; Fleet, Alma; Niland, Amanda

2017-01-01

Understanding how teachers come to know and make sense of teaching is a challenging endeavor. Uncovering elusive strands of thinking through arts-informed approaches has the potential to transform personal understandings of teacher selves and professional practice across diverse early childhood contexts (Clandinin, Downey, & Huber, 2009).…

TopoToolbox: Using Sensor Topography to Calculate Psychologically Meaningful Measures from Event-Related EEG/MEG

PubMed Central

Tian, Xing; Poeppel, David; Huber, David E.

2011-01-01

The open-source toolbox “TopoToolbox” is a suite of functions that use sensor topography to calculate psychologically meaningful measures (similarity, magnitude, and timing) from multisensor event-related EEG and MEG data. Using a GUI and data visualization, TopoToolbox can be used to calculate and test the topographic similarity between different conditions (Tian and Huber, 2008). This topographic similarity indicates whether different conditions involve a different distribution of underlying neural sources. Furthermore, this similarity calculation can be applied at different time points to discover when a response pattern emerges (Tian and Poeppel, 2010). Because the topographic patterns are obtained separately for each individual, these patterns are used to produce reliable measures of response magnitude that can be compared across individuals using conventional statistics (Davelaar et al. Submitted and Huber et al., 2008). TopoToolbox can be freely downloaded. It runs under MATLAB (The MathWorks, Inc.) and supports user-defined data structure as well as standard EEG/MEG data import using EEGLAB (Delorme and Makeig, 2004). PMID:21577268

National standards for the long-term care ombudsman program and a tool to assess compliance: the Huber Badrak Borders Scales.

PubMed

Huber, R; Borders, K W; Badrak, K; Netting, F E; Nelson, H W

2001-04-01

We propose national standards previously recommended for the Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program by an Institute of Medicine program evaluation committee, and introduce a tool to measure the compliance of local ombudsman programs to those standards: the Huber Badrak Borders Scales. The best practices for ombudsman programs detailed in the committee's report were adapted to 43 Likert-type scales that were then averaged into 10 infrastructure component scales: (a) program structure, (b) qualifications of local ombudsmen, (c) legal authority, (d) financial resources, (e) management information systems, (f) legal resources, (g) human resources, (h) resident advocacy services, (i) systemic advocacy, and (j) educational services. The scales were pilot-tested in 1996 and 1999 with Kentucky ombudsmen. The means of 9 of these 10 scales were higher in 1999 than in 1996, suggesting that local ombudsman programs were more in compliance with the proposed standards in 1999 than three years earlier. The development process consisted of 10 adopt-test-revise-retest steps that can be replicated by other types of programs to develop program compliance tools.

Introducing a New Capability at SSRL: Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Jun-Sik; Jang, Hoyoung; Lu, Donghui; Kao, Chi-Chang

Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) at SLAC recently developed a setup for the resonant soft x-ray scattering (RSXS). In general, the RSXS technique uniquely probes not only structural information, but also chemical specific information. This is because this technique can explore the spatial periodicities of charge, orbital, spin, and lattice with spectroscopic aspect. Moreover, the soft x-ray range is particularly relevant for a study of soft materials as it covers the K-edge of C, N, F, and O, as well as the L-edges of transition metals and M-edges of rare-earth elements. Hence, the RSXS capability has been regarded as a very powerful technique for investigating the intrinsic properties of materials such as quantum- and energy-materials. The RSXS capability at the SSRL composes of in-vacuum 4-circle diffractometer. There are also the fully motorized sample-motion manipulations. Also, the sample can be cooled down to 25 K via the liquid helium. This capability has been installed at BL 13-3, where the photon source is from elliptically polarized undulator (EPU). Covering the photon energies is from 230 eV to 1400 eV. Furthermore, this EPU system offers more degree of freedoms for controlling x-ray polarizations (linear and circular). Using the advance of controlling x-ray polarization, we can also investigate a morphology effect of local domain/grain in materials. The detailed introduction of the RSXS end-station and several results will be touched in this poster presentation.

A 16-ch module for thermal neutron detection using ZnS:6LiF scintillator with embedded WLS fibers coupled to SiPMs and its dedicated readout electronics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mosset, J.-B.; Stoykov, A.; Greuter, U.; Gromov, A.; Hildebrandt, M.; Panzner, T.; Schlumpf, N.

2017-02-01

A scalable 16-ch thermal neutron detection system has been developed in the framework of the upgrade of a neutron diffractometer. The detector is based on a ZnS:6LiF scintillator with embedded WLS fibers which are read out with SiPMs. In this paper, we present the 16-ch module, the dedicated readout electronics, a direct comparison between the performance of the diffractometer obtained with the current 3He detector and with the 16-ch detection module, and the channel-to-channel uniformity.

The new materials science diffractometer STRESS-SPEC at FRM-II

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hofmann, M.; Schneider, R.; Seidl, G. A.; Rebelo-Kornmeier, J.; Wimpory, R. C.; Garbe, U.; Brokmeier, H.-G.

2006-11-01

In response to the development of new materials and the application of materials and components in new technologies the direct measurement, calculation and evaluation of textures and residual stresses has gained worldwide significance in recent years. In order to cater for the development of these analytical techniques the Materials Science Diffractometer STRESS-SPEC at FRM-II is designed to be equally applied to texture or residual stress analysis by virtue of its flexible configuration and the high neutron flux at the sample position. The instrument is now available for routine operation and here we present details of first experiments and instrument performance.

Portable X-ray diffractometer equipped with XRF for archaeometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uda, M.; Ishizaki, A.; Satoh, R.; Okada, K.; Nakajima, Y.; Yamashita, D.; Ohashi, K.; Sakuraba, Y.; Shimono, A.; Kojima, D.

2005-09-01

A portable X-ray diffractometer equipped with an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was improved so as to get a diffraction pattern and a fluorescence spectrum simultaneously in air from one and the same small area on a specimen. Here, diffraction experiments were performed in two modes, i.e. an angle rotation mode and an energy dispersive mode. In the latter a diffraction pattern and a fluorescence spectrum were simultaneously recorded in a short time, 100 s or less, on one display. The diffractometer was tested in the field to confirm its performance. Targets chosen for this purpose were a bronze mirror from the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220), and a stupa and its pedestal which are part of the painted statue of "Tamonten holding a stupa" from the Heian Period (794-1192), enshrined in the Engyouji temple founded in 996. The bronze mirror was identified as a product of the Han Dynasty from its chemical composition and the existence of the δ phase in the Cu-Sn alloy. The stupa and its pedestal were decorated with gold powder and gold leaf, respectively. From the XRF data of the pedestal, the underlying layer of gold leaf seems to have been painted with emerald green.

Neutron Time-of-Flight Diffractometer HIPPO at LANSCE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vogel, Sven; Williams, Darrick; Zhao, Yusheng; Bennett, Kristin; von Dreele, Bob; Wenk, Hans-Rudolf

2004-03-01

The High-Pressure Preferred Orientation (HIPPO) neutron diffractometer is the first third-generation neutron time-of-flight powder diffractometer to be constructed in the United States. It produces extremely high intensity by virtue of a short (9 m) initial flight path on a high intensity water moderator and 1380 3He detector tubes covering 4.5 m2 of detector area from 10' to 150' in scattering angles. HIPPO was designed and manufactured as a joint effort between LANSCE and University of California with the goals of attaining world-class science and making neutron powder diffractometry an accessible and available tool to the national user community. Over two decades of momentum transfer are available (0.1-30 A-1) to support studies of amorphous solids; magnetic diffraction; small crystalline samples; and samples subjected to extreme environments such as temperature, pressure, or magnetic fields. The exceptionally high data rates of HIPPO also make it useful for time-resolved studies. In addition to the standard ancillary equipment (100-position sample/texture changer, closed-cycle He refrigerator, furnace), HIPPO has unique high-pressure cells capable of achieving pressures of 30 GPA at ambient and high (2000 K) temperature with samples up to 100 mm3 in volume.

Texture analysis at neutron diffractometer STRESS-SPEC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brokmeier, H.-G.; Gan, W. M.; Randau, C.; Völler, M.; Rebelo-Kornmeier, J.; Hofmann, M.

2011-06-01

In response to the development of new materials and the application of materials and components in advanced technologies, non-destructive measurement methods of textures and residual stresses have gained worldwide significance in recent years. The materials science neutron diffractometer STRESS-SPEC at FRM II (Garching, Germany) is designed to be applied equally to texture and residual stress analyses by virtue of its very flexible configuration. Due to the high penetration capabilities of neutrons and the high neutron flux of STRESS-SPEC it allows a combined analysis of global texture, local texture, strain pole figure and FWHM pole figure in a wide variety of materials including metals, alloys, composites, ceramics and geological materials. Especially, the analysis of texture gradients in bulk materials using neutron diffraction has advantages over laboratory X-rays and EBSD for many scientific cases. Moreover, neutron diffraction is favourable for coarse-grained materials, where bulk information averaged over texture inhomogeneities is needed, and also stands out due to easy sample preparation. In future, the newly developed robot system for STRESS-SPEC will allow much more flexibility than an Eulerian cradle as on standard instruments. Five recent measurements are shown to demonstrate the wide range of possible texture applications at STRESS-SPEC diffractometer.

Effects of Repetition Priming on Recognition Memory: Testing a Perceptual Fluency-Disfluency Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huber, David E.; Clark, Tedra F.; Curran, Tim; Winkielman, Piotr

2008-01-01

Five experiments explored the effects of immediate repetition priming on episodic recognition (the "Jacoby-Whitehouse effect") as measured with forced-choice testing. These experiments confirmed key predictions of a model adapted from D. E. Huber and R. C. O'Reilly's (2003) dynamic neural network of perception. In this model, short prime durations…

When Rubrics Collide: One Undergraduate Writing Tutor's Experience Negotiating Faculty and Institutional Assessments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Kelli

2013-01-01

This article recounts one undergraduate writing tutor's experience helping a fellow peer navigate an institutional assessment rubric that seemed to contrast the assessment criteria provided by the student's instructor. This article presents a reflection on that experience, framed by Hutchings, Huber, and Ciccone's (2011) work on…

Challenging Racist Nativist Framing: Acknowledging the Community Cultural Wealth of Undocumented Chicana College Students to Reframe the Immigration Debate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perez Huber, Lindsay

2009-01-01

Using the critical race "testimonios" of ten Chicana undergraduate students at a top-tier research university, Lindsay Perez Huber interrogates and challenges the racist nativist framing of undocumented Latina/o immigrants as problematic, burdensome, and "illegal." Specifically, a community cultural wealth framework (Yosso, 2005) is utilized and…

Sparse Coding and Dictionary Learning Based on the MDL Principle

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-10-01

average bits per pixel obtained was 4.08 bits per pixel ( bpp ), with p = 250 atoms in the final dictionary. We repeated this using `2 instead of Huber...loss, obtaining 4.12 bpp and p = 245. We now show example results obtained with our framework in two very different applications. In both cases we

The Scholarly Process: A Grounded Theory Exploring How Counselor Educators Promote Scholarship of Counselors-in-Training

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Michalak, Megan B.

2013-01-01

The demand for master's level counseling scholarship is on the rise as a call for evidenced based practices persist (Benishek, 1998; Briggs & Pehrsson, 2008; Huber & Savage, 2009). Although there is a demand to increase the amount of counseling produced scholarship, little examination exists regarding how the profession can begin to…

Psychological Skills Training in Orienteering. Review of "Mentale Trainingsformen im Orientierungslauf: (a) Grundlagen, (b) Arbeitsmappe," by A. Huber and H. Steinmann .

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seiler, Roland

1993-01-01

Reviews a double publication of the Swiss Orienteering Foundation. The theoretical part analyzes the psychological and psychophysiological demands of orienteering. The second and more applied publication is a series of working sheets for psychological training. Each step in training includes an introduction, exercises, working schedules, and…

Vacuum System Upgrade for Extended Q-Range Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Diffractometer (EQ-SANS) at SNS

DOE PAGES

Stone, Christopher M.; Williams, Derrick C.; Price, Jeremy P.

2016-09-23

The Extended Q-Range Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Diffractometer (EQ-SANS) instrument at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), Oak Ridge, Tennessee, incorporates a 69m3 detector vessel with a vacuum system which required an upgrade with respect to performance, ease of operation, and maintenance. The upgrade focused on improving pumping performance as well as optimizing system design to minimize opportunity for operational error. This upgrade provided the following practical contributions: Reduced time required to evacuate from atmospheric pressure to 2mTorr from 500-1,000 minutes to 60-70 minutes Provided turn-key automated control with a multi-faceted interlock for personnel and machine safety.

In-line metrology for roll-to-roll UV assisted nanoimprint lithography using diffractometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kreuzer, Martin; Whitworth, Guy L.; Francone, Achille; Gomis-Bresco, Jordi; Kehagias, Nikolaos; Sotomayor-Torres, Clivia M.

2018-05-01

We describe and discuss the optical design of a diffractometer to carry out in-line quality control during roll-to-roll nanoimprinting. The tool measures diffractograms in reflection geometry, through an aspheric lens to gain fast, non-invasive information of any changes to the critical dimensions of target grating structures. A stepwise tapered linear grating with constant period was fabricated in order to detect the variation in grating linewidth through diffractometry. The minimum feature change detected was ˜40 nm to a precision of 10 nm. The diffractometer was then integrated with a roll-to-roll UV assisted nanoimprint lithography machine to gain dynamic measurements in situ.

Vacuum System Upgrade for Extended Q-Range Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Diffractometer (EQ-SANS) at SNS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stone, Christopher M.; Williams, Derrick C.; Price, Jeremy P.

The Extended Q-Range Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Diffractometer (EQ-SANS) instrument at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), Oak Ridge, Tennessee, incorporates a 69m3 detector vessel with a vacuum system which required an upgrade with respect to performance, ease of operation, and maintenance. The upgrade focused on improving pumping performance as well as optimizing system design to minimize opportunity for operational error. This upgrade provided the following practical contributions: Reduced time required to evacuate from atmospheric pressure to 2mTorr from 500-1,000 minutes to 60-70 minutes Provided turn-key automated control with a multi-faceted interlock for personnel and machine safety.

AND/R: Advanced neutron diffractometer/reflectometer for investigation of thin films and multilayers for the life sciences

PubMed Central

Dura, Joseph A.; Pierce, Donald J.; Majkrzak, Charles F.; Maliszewskyj, Nicholas C.; McGillivray, Duncan J.; Lösche, Mathias; O'Donovan, Kevin V.; Mihailescu, Mihaela; Perez-Salas, Ursula; Worcester, David L.; White, Stephen H.

2011-01-01

An elastic neutron scattering instrument, the advanced neutron diffractometer/reflectometer (AND/R), has recently been commissioned at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research. The AND/R is the centerpiece of the Cold Neutrons for Biology and Technology partnership, which is dedicated to the structural characterization of thin films and multilayers of biological interest. The instrument is capable of measuring both specular and nonspecular reflectivity, as well as crystalline or semicrystalline diffraction at wave-vector transfers up to approximately 2.20 Å−1. A detailed description of this flexible instrument and its performance characteristics in various operating modes are given. PMID:21892232

Buying a Better Air Force

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-03-01

identify if an explanatory variable may have been omitted due to model misspecification ( Ramsey , 1979). The RESET test resulted in failure to...Prob > F 0.0094 This model was also regressed using Huber-White estimators. Again, the Ramsey RESET test was done to ensure relevant...Aircraft. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2004. Ramsey , J. B. “ Tests for Specification Errors in Classical Least-Squares Regression Analysis

Still Falling through the Cracks: Revisiting the Latina/o Education Pipeline. CSRC Research Report. Number 19

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perez Huber, Lindsay; Malagón, Maria C.; Ramirez, Brianna R.; Gonzalez, Lorena Camargo; Jimenez, Alberto; Vélez, Verónica N.

2015-01-01

The first CSRC Research Report to examine the Latina/o education pipeline, "Falling through the Cracks: Critical Transitions in the Latina/o Educational Pipeline" (Pérez Huber et al. 2006), inaugurated a series of reports that have sought to address critical issues related to the Latina/o education pipeline and to provide policy…

Duane retraction syndrome: causes, effects and management strategies

PubMed Central

Kekunnaya, Ramesh; Negalur, Mithila

2017-01-01

Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is a congenital eye movement anomaly characterized by variable horizontal duction deficits, with narrowing of the palpebral fissure and globe retraction on attempted adduction, occasionally accompanied by upshoot or down-shoot. The etiopathogenesis of this condition can be explained by a spectrum of mechanical, innervational, neurologic and genetic abnormalities occurring independently or which influence each other giving rise to patterns of clinical presentations along with a complex set of ocular and systemic anomalies. Huber type I DRS is the most common form of DRS with an earlier presentation, while Huber type II is the least common presentation. Usually, patients with unilateral type I Duane syndrome have esotropia more frequently than exotropia, those with type II have exotropia and those with type III have esotropia and exotropia occurring equally common. Cases of bilateral DRS may have variable presentation depending upon the type of presentation in each eye. As regards its management, DRS classification based on primary position deviation as esotropic, exotropic or orthotropic is more relevant than Huber’s classification before planning surgery. Surgical approach to these patients is challenging and must be individualized based on the amount of ocular deviation, abnormal head position, associated globe retraction and overshoots. PMID:29133973

The Optics and Alignment of the Divergent Beam Laboratory X-ray Powder Diffractometer and its Calibration Using NIST Standard Reference Materials.

PubMed

Cline, James P; Mendenhall, Marcus H; Black, David; Windover, Donald; Henins, Albert

2015-01-01

The laboratory X-ray powder diffractometer is one of the primary analytical tools in materials science. It is applicable to nearly any crystalline material, and with advanced data analysis methods, it can provide a wealth of information concerning sample character. Data from these machines, however, are beset by a complex aberration function that can be addressed through calibration with the use of NIST Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). Laboratory diffractometers can be set up in a range of optical geometries; considered herein are those of Bragg-Brentano divergent beam configuration using both incident and diffracted beam monochromators. We review the origin of the various aberrations affecting instruments of this geometry and the methods developed at NIST to align these machines in a first principles context. Data analysis methods are considered as being in two distinct categories: those that use empirical methods to parameterize the nature of the data for subsequent analysis, and those that use model functions to link the observation directly to a specific aspect of the experiment. We consider a multifaceted approach to instrument calibration using both the empirical and model based data analysis methods. The particular benefits of the fundamental parameters approach are reviewed.

Experiments Testing the Causes of Namibian Fairy Circles.

PubMed

Tschinkel, Walter R

2015-01-01

The grasslands on the sandy soils of the eastern edge of the Namib Desert of Namibia are strikingly punctuated by millions of mostly regularly-spaced circular bare spots 2 to 10 m or more in diameter, generally with a margin of taller grasses. The causes of these so called fairy circles are unknown, but several hypotheses have been advanced. In October 2009, we set up experiments that specifically tested four hypothesized causes, and monitored these 5 times between 2009 and 2015. Grass exclusion in circles due to seepage of subterranean vapors or gases was tested by burying an impermeable barrier beneath fairy circles, but seedling density and growth did not differ from barrier-less controls. Plant germination and growth inhibition by allelochemicals or nutrient deficiencies in fairy circle soils were tested by transferring fairy circle soil to artificially cleared circles in the grassy matrix, and matrix soil to fairy circles (along with circle to circle and matrix to matrix controls). None of the transfers changed the seedling density and growth from the control reference conditions. Limitation of plant growth due to micronutrient depletion within fairy circles was tested by supplementing circles with a micronutrient mixture, but did not result in differences in plant seedling density and growth. Short-range vegetation competitive feedbacks were tested by creating artificially-cleared circles of 2 or 4 m diameter located 2 or 6 m from a natural fairy circle. The natural circles remained bare and the artificial circles revegetated. These four experiments provided evidence that fairy circles were not caused by subterranean vapors, that fairy circle soil per se did not inhibit plant growth, and that the circles were not caused by micronutrient deficiency. There was also no evidence that vegetative feedbacks affected fairy circles on a 2 to 10 m scale. Landscape-scale vegetative self-organization is discussed as a more likely cause of fairy circles.

A high performance neutron powder diffractometer at 3 MW Triga Mark-II research reactor in Bangladesh

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kamal, I., E-mail: imtiaz-kamal26@yahoo.com; Yunus, S. M., E-mail: yunussm11@yahoo.com; Datta, T. K., E-mail: tk-datta4@yahoo.com

2016-07-12

A high performance neutron diffractometer called Savar Neutron Diffractometer (SAND) was built and installed at radial beam port-2 of TRIGA Mark II research reactor at AERE, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Structural studies of materials are being done by this technique to characterize materials crystallograpohically and magnetically. The micro-structural information obtainable by neutron scattering method is very essential for determining its technological applications. This technique is unique for understanding the magnetic behavior in magnetic materials. Ceramic, steel, electronic and electric industries can be benefited from this facility for improving their products and fabrication process. This instrument consists of a Popovicimonochromator with amore » large linear position sensitive detector array. The monochromator consists of nine blades of perfect single crystal of silicon with 6 mm thickness each. The monochromator design was optimized to provide maximum flux on 3 mm diameter cylindrical sample with a relatively flat angular dependence of resolution. Five different wave lengths can be selected by orienting the crystal at various angles. A sapphire filter was used before the primary collimator to minimize the first neutron. The detector assembly is composed of 15 linear position sensitive proportional counters placed at either 1.1 m or 1.6 m from the sample position and enclosed in a air pad supported high density polythene shield. Position sensing is obtained by charge division using 1-wide NIM position encoding modules (PEM). The PEMs communicate with the host computer via USB. The detector when placed at 1.1 m, subtends 30° (2θ) at each step and covers 120° in 4 steps. When the detector is placed at 1.6 m it subtends 20° at each step and covers 120° in 6 steps. The instrument supports both low and high temperature sample environment. The instrument supports both low and high temperature sample environment. The diffractometer is a state-of-the art technology for diffraction study in our country.« less

A high performance neutron powder diffractometer at 3 MW Triga Mark-II research reactor in Bangladesh

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kamal, I.; Yunus, S. M.; Datta, T. K.; Zakaria, A. K. M.; Das, A. K.; Aktar, S.; Hossain, S.; Berliner, R.; Yelon, W. B.

2016-07-01

A high performance neutron diffractometer called Savar Neutron Diffractometer (SAND) was built and installed at radial beam port-2 of TRIGA Mark II research reactor at AERE, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Structural studies of materials are being done by this technique to characterize materials crystallograpohically and magnetically. The micro-structural information obtainable by neutron scattering method is very essential for determining its technological applications. This technique is unique for understanding the magnetic behavior in magnetic materials. Ceramic, steel, electronic and electric industries can be benefited from this facility for improving their products and fabrication process. This instrument consists of a Popovicimonochromator with a large linear position sensitive detector array. The monochromator consists of nine blades of perfect single crystal of silicon with 6mm thickness each. The monochromator design was optimized to provide maximum flux on 3mm diameter cylindrical sample with a relatively flat angular dependence of resolution. Five different wave lengths can be selected by orienting the crystal at various angles. A sapphire filter was used before the primary collimator to minimize the first neutron. The detector assembly is composed of 15 linear position sensitive proportional counters placed at either 1.1 m or 1.6 m from the sample position and enclosed in a air pad supported high density polythene shield. Position sensing is obtained by charge division using 1-wide NIM position encoding modules (PEM). The PEMs communicate with the host computer via USB. The detector when placed at 1.1 m, subtends 30˚ (2θ) at each step and covers 120˚ in 4 steps. When the detector is placed at 1.6 m it subtends 20˚ at each step and covers 120˚ in 6 steps. The instrument supports both low and high temperature sample environment. The instrument supports both low and high temperature sample environment. The diffractometer is a state-of-the art technology for diffraction study in our country.

Pulsed Neutron Powder Diffraction for Materials Science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kamiyama, T.

2008-03-01

The accelerator-based neutron diffraction began in the end of 60's at Tohoku University which was succeeded by the four spallation neutron facilities with proton accelerators at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (Japan), Argonne National Laboratory and Los Alamos Laboratory (USA), and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK). Since then, the next generation source has been pursued for 20 years, and 1MW-class spallation neutron sources will be appeared in about three years at the three parts of the world: Japan, UK and USA. The joint proton accelerator project (J-PARC), a collaborative project between KEK and JAEA, is one of them. The aim of the talk is to describe about J-PARC and the neutron diffractometers being installed at the materials and life science facility of J-PARC. The materials and life science facility of J-PARC has 23 neutron beam ports and will start delivering the first neutron beam of 25 Hz from 2008 May. Until now, more than 20 proposals have been reviewed by the review committee, and accepted proposal groups have started to get fund. Those proposals include five polycrystalline diffractometers: a super high resolution powder diffractometer (SHRPD), a 0.2%-resolution powder diffractometer of Ibaraki prefecture (IPD), an engineering diffractometers (Takumi), a high intensity S(Q) diffractometer (VSD), and a high-pressure dedicated diffractometer. SHRPD, Takumi and IPD are being designed and constructed by the joint team of KEK, JAEA and Ibaraki University, whose member are originally from the KEK powder group. These three instruments are expected to start in 2008. VSD is a super high intensity diffractometer with the highest resolution of Δd/d = 0.3%. VSD can measure rapid time-dependent phenomena of crystalline materials as well as glass, liquid and amorphous materials. The pair distribution function will be routinely obtained by the Fourier transiformation of S(Q) data. Q range of VSD will be as wide as 0.01 Å-1

Detection of Energetic Materials by Laser Photofragmentation/Fragment Detection and Pyrolysis/Laser-Induced Fluorescence

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-02-01

Nitrate Esters at Various Pressures." Combustion and Flame, vol. 66, no. 9, pp. 9-16, 1986. 25. Ng, W. L., J. E. Field, and H. M. Hauser . "Study of...DARPA B KASPAR 3701 N FAIRFAX DR ARLINGTON VA 22203-1714 US MILITARY ACADEMY MATH SCI CTR OF EXCELLENCE MADN MATH MAJ HUBER THAYER HALL WEST POINT NY

Pathogenesis of Salmonellosis: Salmonella Exotoxins

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-03-08

of Salmonella enteritidis , which included 9630 serotype newport, 9136 serotype newport, 10016 serotype javiana, and 8832, serotype javiana were also...supplied by Dr. T. Huber. Additionally, four clinical isolates of Salmonella enteritidis , which included 986 serotype typhimurium, 2000 serotype...77Z7I AD _ REPORT NUMBER 3 0 Pathogenesis of Salmonellosis: Salmonella Exotoxins Annual Progress Report (9/1/79-8/31/80) M Johnny W. Peterson, Ph.D

Note: Detector collimators for the nanoscale ordered materials diffractometer instrument at the Spallation Neutron Source

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tamalonis, A.; Weber, J. K. R.; Neuefeind, J. C.

2015-09-01

Five neutron collimator designs were constructed and tested at the nanoscale ordered materials diffractometer (NOMAD) instrument. Collimators were made from High Density PolyEthylene (HDPE) or 5% borated HDPE. In all cases, collimators improved the signal to background ratio and reduced detection of secondary scattering. In the Q-range 10-20 (angstrom) -1, signal to background ratio improved by factors of approximately 1.6 and 2.0 for 50 and 100 mm deep collimators, respectively. In the Q-range 40-50 angstrom -1, the improvement factors were 1.8 and 2.7. Secondary scattering as measured at Q similar to 9.5 angstrom -1 was significantly decreased when the collimatorsmore » were installed.« less

Improved sample manipulation at the STRESS-SPEC neutron diffractometer using an industrial 6-axis robot for texture and strain analyses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Randau, C.; Brokmeier, H. G.; Gan, W. M.; Hofmann, M.; Voeller, M.; Tekouo, W.; Al-hamdany, N.; Seidl, G.; Schreyer, A.

2015-09-01

The materials science neutron diffractometer STRESS-SPEC located at FRM II is a dedicated instrument for strain and pole figure measurements. Both methods make complementary demands on sample handling. On one hand pole figure measurements need a high degree of freedom to orient small samples and on the other hand in strain investigations it is often necessary to handle large and heavy components. Therefore a robot based sample positioning system was developed, which has the capability to provide both possibilities. Based on this new robot system further developments like a full automated sample changer system for texture measurements were accomplished. Moreover this system opens the door for combined strain and texture analysis at STRESS-SPEC.

Note: Detector collimators for the nanoscale ordered materials diffractometer instrument at the Spallation Neutron Source

DOE PAGES

Tamalonis, A.; Weber, J. K. R.; Neuefeind, J. C.; ...

2015-09-09

We constructed and tested five neutron collimator designs using the nanoscale ordered materials diffractometer (NOMAD) instrument. Collimators were made from High Density PolyEthylene (HDPE) or 5% borated HDPE. In all cases, collimators improved the signal to background ratio and reduced detection of secondary scattering. Moreover, in the Q-range 10-20 Å -1, signal to background ratio improved by factors of approximately 1.6 and 2.0 for 50 and 100 mm deep collimators, respectively. In the Q-range 40-50 Å -1, the improvement factors were 1.8 and 2.7. Secondary scattering as measured at Q similar to 9.5 Å -1 was significantly decreased when themore » collimators were installed.« less

Introducing Nine-Point Circle to Junior High School Students

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fiangga, S.; Azizah, M. A. N.; Rini, R. N. K.; Hidayanti, A. N.

2018-01-01

The concept of circles is an ancient concept that has appeared since Ancient Egypt from which this concept gives many significant contributions in mathematics’ development until now. Nevertheless, the concept of circles hides many uncover mysterious features that are of applications in mathematics. One of the mysterious features is the Nine-Point Circle. This Nine-point circle is also known as Euler’s circle, six-point circle, Feuerbach’s circle, the twelve-point circle, and many others. Because of these different names, there have been misunderstand among mathematicians about the Nine-Point Circle’s history. Besides, the discussion of Nine-Point Circle can be used to be an initial material to explain elementary geometry topic in junior high school’s level curriculum of 2013. Therefore, this concept needs to be delivered to the students as a geometry introduction. A possible form of the integration historical aspect of Nine-point circle is suggested in this paper as well as its importance in the curriculum of 2013.

A Novel X-ray Diffractometer for the Florida Split Coil 25 Tesla Magnet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Shengyu; Kovalev, Alexey; Suslov, Alexey; Siegrist, Theo

2014-03-01

At National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), we are developing a unique X-ray diffractometer for the 25 Tesla Florida Split Coil Magnet for scattering experiments under extremely high static magnetic fields. The X-ray source is a sealed tube (copper or molybdenum anode), connected to the magnet by an evacuated beam tunnel. The detectors are either an image plate or a silicon drift detector, with the data acquisition system based on LabVIEW. Our preliminary experimental results showed that the performance of the detector electronics and the X-ray generator is reliable in the fringe magnetic fields produced at the highest field of 25 T. Using this diffractometer, we will make measurements on standard samples, such as LaB6, Al2O3 and Si, to calibrate the diffraction system. Magnetic samples, such as single crystal HoMnO3 and stainless steel 301 alloys will be measured subsequently. The addition of X-ray diffraction to the unique split coil magnet will significantly expand the NHMFL experimental capabilities. Therefore, external users will be able to probe spin - lattice interactions at static magnetic fields up to 25T. This project is supported by NSF-DMR Award No.1257649. NHMFL is supported by NSF Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-1157490, the State of Florida, and the U.S. DoE.

Ab initio simulation of diffractometer instrumental function for high-resolution X-ray diffraction1

PubMed Central

Mikhalychev, Alexander; Benediktovitch, Andrei; Ulyanenkova, Tatjana; Ulyanenkov, Alex

2015-01-01

Modeling of the X-ray diffractometer instrumental function for a given optics configuration is important both for planning experiments and for the analysis of measured data. A fast and universal method for instrumental function simulation, suitable for fully automated computer realization and describing both coplanar and noncoplanar measurement geometries for any combination of X-ray optical elements, is proposed. The method can be identified as semi-analytical backward ray tracing and is based on the calculation of a detected signal as an integral of X-ray intensities for all the rays reaching the detector. The high speed of calculation is provided by the expressions for analytical integration over the spatial coordinates that describe the detection point. Consideration of the three-dimensional propagation of rays without restriction to the diffraction plane provides the applicability of the method for noncoplanar geometry and the accuracy for characterization of the signal from a two-dimensional detector. The correctness of the simulation algorithm is checked in the following two ways: by verifying the consistency of the calculated data with the patterns expected for certain simple limiting cases and by comparing measured reciprocal-space maps with the corresponding maps simulated by the proposed method for the same diffractometer configurations. Both kinds of tests demonstrate the agreement of the simulated instrumental function shape with the measured data. PMID:26089760

COMMENTS CONTRIBUTED BY ALAN HUBER TO AWMA AB-3 COMMITTEE FOR POSSIBLE INCLUSION IN THE COMMITTEE'S PRESENTATION AT EPA'S 8TH CONFERENCE ON AIR QUALITY MODELING - A&WMA AB-3 COMMENTS ON NONSTANDARD MODELING APPROACHES

EPA Science Inventory

Technical comments are provided to the Air and waste Management Associations AB-3 committee for potential inclusion into the committee's comments to be made at EPA's 8th Conference on Air Quality Modeling. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations can model specific cases wh...

Bellerophon: a program to detect chimeric sequences in multiple sequence alignments.

PubMed

Huber, Thomas; Faulkner, Geoffrey; Hugenholtz, Philip

2004-09-22

Bellerophon is a program for detecting chimeric sequences in multiple sequence datasets by an adaption of partial treeing analysis. Bellerophon was specifically developed to detect 16S rRNA gene chimeras in PCR-clone libraries of environmental samples but can be applied to other nucleotide sequence alignments. Bellerophon is available as an interactive web server at http://foo.maths.uq.edu.au/~huber/bellerophon.pl

Integrated Cognition - A Proposed Definition of Ingredients, A Survey of Systems, and Example Architecture

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-10-01

Information Proc- essing Technology Office (IPTO) for their support of this work. We thank Dr. John Salasin for his vision in conceiving these...ingredients of cognition identified in the INCOG framework presented herein, including: Dr. John R. Anderson, Mr. Albert-Laszlo Barabasi, Dr...Goertzel, Professor Marvin Minsky, Dr. Robert Hecht-Nielsen, Dr. Marcus J. Huber, Dr. John Laird, Professor Pat Langley, Dr. Christian Lebiere, Dr

Whole-body strength training with Huber Motion Lab and traditional strength training in cardiac rehabilitation: A randomized controlled study.

PubMed

Guiraud, Thibaut; Labrunée, Marc; Besnier, Florent; Sénard, Jean-Michel; Pillard, Fabien; Rivière, Daniel; Richard, Lisa; Laroche, Davy; Sanguignol, Frédéric; Pathak, Atul; Gayda, Mathieu; Gremeaux, Vincent

2017-01-01

Isometric strengthening has been rarely studied in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), mainly because of possible potential side effects and lack of appropriate and reliable devices. We aimed to compare 2 different modes of resistance training, an isometric mode with the Huber Motion Lab (HML) and traditional strength training (TST), in CHD patients undergoing a cardiac rehabilitation program. We randomly assigned 50 patients to HML or TST. Patients underwent complete blinded evaluation before and after the rehabilitation program, including testing for cardiopulmonary exercise, maximal isometric voluntary contraction, endothelial function and body composition. After 4 weeks of training (16 sessions), the groups did not differ in body composition, anthropometric characteristics, or endothelial function. With HML, peak power output (P=0.035), maximal heart rate (P<0.01) and gain of force measured in the chest press position (P<0.02) were greater after versus before training. Both protocols appeared to be well tolerated, safe and feasible for these CHD patients. A training protocol involving 6s phases of isometric contractions with 10s of passive recovery on an HML device could be safely implemented in rehabilitation programs for patients with CHD and improve functional outcomes. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

Arbitrary-step randomly delayed robust filter with application to boost phase tracking

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qin, Wutao; Wang, Xiaogang; Bai, Yuliang; Cui, Naigang

2018-04-01

The conventional filters such as extended Kalman filter, unscented Kalman filter and cubature Kalman filter assume that the measurement is available in real-time and the measurement noise is Gaussian white noise. But in practice, both two assumptions are invalid. To solve this problem, a novel algorithm is proposed by taking the following four steps. At first, the measurement model is modified by the Bernoulli random variables to describe the random delay. Then, the expression of predicted measurement and covariance are reformulated, which could get rid of the restriction that the maximum number of delay must be one or two and the assumption that probabilities of Bernoulli random variables taking the value one are equal. Next, the arbitrary-step randomly delayed high-degree cubature Kalman filter is derived based on the 5th-degree spherical-radial rule and the reformulated expressions. Finally, the arbitrary-step randomly delayed high-degree cubature Kalman filter is modified to the arbitrary-step randomly delayed high-degree cubature Huber-based filter based on the Huber technique, which is essentially an M-estimator. Therefore, the proposed filter is not only robust to the randomly delayed measurements, but robust to the glint noise. The application to the boost phase tracking example demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithms.

A possibility of parallel and anti-parallel diffraction measurements on neu- tron diffractometer employing bent perfect crystal monochromator at the monochromatic focusing condition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choi, Yong Nam; Kim, Shin Ae; Kim, Sung Kyu; Kim, Sung Baek; Lee, Chang-Hee; Mikula, Pavel

2004-07-01

In a conventional diffractometer having single monochromator, only one position, parallel position, is used for the diffraction experiment (i.e. detection) because the resolution property of the other one, anti-parallel position, is very poor. However, a bent perfect crystal (BPC) monochromator at monochromatic focusing condition can provide a quite flat and equal resolution property at both parallel and anti-parallel positions and thus one can have a chance to use both sides for the diffraction experiment. From the data of the FWHM and the Delta d/d measured on three diffraction geometries (symmetric, asymmetric compression and asymmetric expansion), we can conclude that the simultaneous diffraction measurement in both parallel and anti-parallel positions can be achieved.

Remote analysis of planetary soils: X-ray diffractometer development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gregory, J. C.

1973-01-01

A system is described suitable for remote low power mineralogical analysis of lunar, planetary, or asteroid soils. It includes an X-ray diffractometer, fluorescence spectrometer, and sample preparation system. A one Curie Fe-55 source provides a monochromatic X-ray beam of 5.9 keV. Seeman-Bohlin or focusing geometry is employed in the camera, allowing peak detection to proceed simultaneously at all angles and obviating the need for moving parts. The detector system is an array of 500-600 proportional counters with a wire-spacing of 1 mm. An electronics unit comprising preamplifier, postamplifier, window discriminators, and storage flipflops requiring only 3.5 milliwatts was designed and tested. Total instrument power is less than 5 watts. Powder diffraction patterns using a flat breadboard multiwire counter were recorded.

The Mediation of Tools in the Development of Formal Mathematical Concepts: The Compass and the Circle as an Example.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chassapis, Dimitris

1999-01-01

Focuses on the process by which children develop a formal mathematical concept of the circle by using various instruments to draw circles within the context of a goal-directed drawing task. Concludes that the use of the compass in circle drawing structures the circle-drawing operation in a radically different fashion than circle tracers and…

Circling motion and screen edges as an alternative input method for on-screen target manipulation.

PubMed

Ka, Hyun W; Simpson, Richard C

2017-04-01

To investigate a new alternative interaction method, called circling interface, for manipulating on-screen objects. To specify a target, the user makes a circling motion around the target. To specify a desired pointing command with the circling interface, each edge of the screen is used. The user selects a command before circling the target. To evaluate the circling interface, we conducted an experiment with 16 participants, comparing the performance on pointing tasks with different combinations of selection method (circling interface, physical mouse and dwelling interface) and input device (normal computer mouse, head pointer and joystick mouse emulator). A circling interface is compatible with many types of pointing devices, not requiring physical activation of mouse buttons, and is more efficient than dwell-clicking. Across all common pointing operations, the circling interface had a tendency to produce faster performance with a head-mounted mouse emulator than with a joystick mouse. The performance accuracy of the circling interface outperformed the dwelling interface. It was demonstrated that the circling interface has the potential as another alternative pointing method for selecting and manipulating objects in a graphical user interface. Implications for Rehabilitation A circling interface will improve clinical practice by providing an alternative pointing method that does not require physically activating mouse buttons and is more efficient than dwell-clicking. The Circling interface can also work with AAC devices.

A localization algorithm of adaptively determining the ROI of the reference circle in image

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Zeen; Zhang, Jun; Zhang, Daimeng; Liu, Xiaomao; Tian, Jinwen

2018-03-01

Aiming at solving the problem of accurately positioning the detection probes underwater, this paper proposed a method based on computer vision which can effectively solve this problem. The theory of this method is that: First, because the shape information of the heat tube is similar to a circle in the image, we can find a circle which physical location is well known in the image, we set this circle as the reference circle. Second, we calculate the pixel offset between the reference circle and the probes in the picture, and adjust the steering gear through the offset. As a result, we can accurately measure the physical distance between the probes and the under test heat tubes, then we can know the precise location of the probes underwater. However, how to choose reference circle in image is a difficult problem. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that can adaptively confirm the area of reference circle. In this area, there will be only one circle, and the circle is the reference circle. The test results show that the accuracy of the algorithm of extracting the reference circle in the whole picture without using ROI (region of interest) of the reference circle is only 58.76% and the proposed algorithm is 95.88%. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the efficiency of the tubes detection.

Are Namibian “Fairy Circles” the Consequence of Self-Organizing Spatial Vegetation Patterning?

PubMed Central

Cramer, Michael D.; Barger, Nichole N.

2013-01-01

Causes of over-dispersed barren “fairy circles” that are often surrounded by ca. 0.5 m tall peripheral grasses in a matrix of shorter (ca. 0.2 m tall) grasses in Namibian grasslands remain mysterious. It was hypothesized that the fairy circles are the consequence of self-organizing spatial vegetation patterning arising from resource competition and facilitation. We examined the edaphic properties of fairy circles and variation in fairy circle size, density and landscape occupancy (% land surface) with edaphic properties and water availability at a local scale (<50 km) and with climate and vegetation characteristics at a regional scale. Soil moisture in the barren fairy circles declines from the center towards the periphery and is inversely correlated with soil organic carbon, possibly indicating that the peripheral grass roots access soil moisture that persists into the dry season within fairy circles. Fairy circle landscape occupancy is negatively correlated with precipitation and soil [N], consistent with fairy circles being the product of resource-competition. Regional fairy circle presence/absence is highly predictable using an empirical model that includes narrow ranges of vegetation biomass, precipitation and temperature seasonality as predictor variables, indicating that fairy circles are likely a climate-dependent emergent phenomenon. This dependence of fairy circle occurrence on climate explains why fairy circles in some locations may appear and disappear over time. Fairy circles are only over-dispersed at high landscape occupancies, indicating that inter-circle competition may determine their spacing. We conclude that fairy circles are likely to be an emergent arid-grassland phenomenon that forms as a consequence of peripheral grass resource-competition and that the consequent barren circle may provide a resource-reservoir essential for the survival of the larger peripheral grasses and provides a habitat for fossicking fauna. PMID:23976962

Procedure for normalization of cDNA libraries

DOEpatents

Bonaldo, Maria DeFatima; Soares, Marcelo Bento

1997-01-01

This invention provides a method to normalize a cDNA library constructed in a vector capable of being converted to single-stranded circles and capable of producing complementary nucleic acid molecules to the single-stranded circles comprising: (a) converting the cDNA library in single-stranded circles; (b) generating complementary nucleic acid molecules to the single-stranded circles; (c) hybridizing the single-stranded circles converted in step (a) with complementary nucleic acid molecules of step (b) to produce partial duplexes to an appropriate Cot; (e) separating the unhybridized single-stranded circles from the hybridized single-stranded circles, thereby generating a normalized cDNA library.

The newest miracle drug: quality circles in hospitals.

PubMed

McKinney, M M

1984-01-01

In recent years, a number of hospitals throughout the United States have been exploring the use of Japanese-style quality circles to reduce their operating expenses, improve productivity, and enhance the quality of work life for hospital employees. This article examines the organizational climate necessary for quality circles, methods used to implement quality circles, and management's role in guiding and responding to circle activities. Ideas for building and maintaining staff support are presented along with a cost/benefit analysis of quality circle programs. The author concludes that quality circles are most successful in hospitals where they are part of a larger organizational development effort. When administrators believe in their employees' ability to contribute to the institution and are willing to invest necessary time and resources in employee education and the measurement of quality circle achievements, quality circles can produce creative solutions to perplexing institutional problems.

Amplification of telomeric arrays via rolling-circle mechanism.

PubMed

Nosek, Jozef; Rycovska, Adriana; Makhov, Alexander M; Griffith, Jack D; Tomaska, Lubomir

2005-03-18

Alternative (telomerase-independent) lengthening of telomeres mediated through homologous recombination is often accompanied by a generation of extrachromosomal telomeric circles (t-circles), whose role in direct promotion of recombinational telomere elongation has been recently demonstrated. Here we present evidence that t-circles in a natural telomerase-deficient system of mitochondria of the yeast Candida parapsilosis replicate independently of the linear chromosome via a rolling-circle mechanism. This is supported by an observation of (i) single-stranded DNA consisting of concatameric arrays of telomeric sequence, (ii) lasso-shaped molecules representing rolling-circle intermediates, and (iii) preferential incorporation of deoxyribonucleotides into telomeric fragments and t-circles. Analysis of naturally occurring variant t-circles revealed conserved motifs with potential function in driving the rolling-circle replication. These data indicate that extrachromosomal t-circles observed in a wide variety of organisms, including yeasts, plants, Xenopus laevis, and certain human cell lines, may represent independent replicons generating telomeric sequences and, thus, actively participating in telomere dynamics. Moreover, because of the promiscuous occurrence of t-circles across phyla, the results from yeast mitochondria have implications related to the primordial system of telomere maintenance, providing a paradigm for evolution of telomeres in nuclei of early eukaryotes.

Motorized Beam Alignment of a Commercial X-ray Diffractometer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Van Zandt, Noah R.; Myers, James F.; Rogers, Richard B

2013-01-01

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a powerful analysis method that allows researchers to noninvasively probe the crystalline structure of a material. This includes the ability to determine the crystalline phases present, quantify surface residual stresses, and measure the distribution of crystallographic orientations. The Structures and Materials Division at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) heavily uses the on-site XRD lab to characterize advanced metal alloys, ceramics, and polymers. One of the x-ray diffractometers in the XRD lab (Bruker D8 Discover) uses three different x-ray tubes (Cu, Cr, and Mn) for optimal performance over numerous material types and various experimental techniques. This requires that the tubes be switched out and aligned between experiments. This alignment maximizes the x-ray tube s output through an iterative process involving four set screws. However, the output of the x-ray tube cannot be monitored during the adjustment process due to standard radiation safety engineering controls that prevent exposure to the x-ray beam when the diffractometer doors are open. Therefore, the adjustment process is a very tedious series of blind adjustments, each followed by measurement of the output beam using a PIN diode after the enclosure doors are shut. This process can take up to 4 hr to perform. This technical memorandum documents an in-house project to motorize this alignment process. Unlike a human, motors are not harmed by x-ray radiation of the energy range used in this instrument. Therefore, using motors to adjust the set screws will allow the researcher to monitor the x-ray tube s output while making interactive adjustments from outside the diffractometer. The motorized alignment system consists of four motors, a motor controller, and a hand-held user interface module. Our goal was to reduce the alignment time to less than 30 min. The time available was the 10-week span of the Lewis' Educational and Research Collaborative Internship Project (LERCIP) summer internship program and the budget goal was $1200. In this report, we will describe our motorization design and discuss the results of its implementation.

A Cross-Sectional Study of the Effect of Quality Circles on Twelve Attitudinal Variables.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-09-01

task of rebuilding its industrial capabilities which had been largely destroyed during the war. Japanese leaders had a goal of making their country an...members, providing support when necessary, and acting as a liaison between the circles and other organizations. The circle leader or supervisor...34" " .-.-- • .- .".-",,-, . -.- -,: ".’-"’ -. -. .,-’,: Top & Middle - Management Steering Committee Supervisors . . . ....- Circle Circle Leaders Facilitator Employees Circle Members Source

Circles of support and accountability: The characteristics of core members in England and Wales.

PubMed

Clarke, Martin; Warwick, Leah; Völlm, Birgit

2017-04-01

Circles of support and accountability, or Circles, use community volunteers to help reintegrate sex offenders at risk of reoffending in the community. The aims of this study are to describe the first 275 male sex offenders ('core members') in England and Wales supported by a Circle and to compare those attending the five largest Circles. As part of their monitoring activity, 10 Circles extracted data from case files, anonymised it and submitted it to Circles UK, the national oversight body. Circles have expanded rapidly with 165 (60%) of Circles commencing in the three years 2011-2013 compared with 110 in the nine years 2002-2010. Most core members were referred from the Probation Service (82%). Circles were provided to men with a range of predicted risks of reoffending - from low (26%) to very high (12%). There were some positive changes between the beginning and end of Circles, such as fewer men being unemployed and more living in their own chosen accommodation. Circles have been used to support the reintegration of a wide range of sex offenders. Given their rapid growth and flexibility, consistent recording standards are required across. These standards should be reviewed periodically to ensure all important fields of change are captured, including frequency of attendance, length per session and quality of engagement in the work. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Next Generation Nanotechnology Assembly Fabrication Methods: A Trend Forecast

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

accessed: January 12, 2007. 33 Eck, Wolfgang , et al. “Generation of two- and three-dimensional nanostructures by electron beam lithography on self...nano/reports/mcr_05-0526_intpersp_nano.pdf, accessed on January 15, 2007. 62 Ibid. 63 Ibid. 64 Ibid. 65 Ibid. 66 Luther, Wolfgang ...Defense Merrick E. Krause , May 2002 29 Death by a Thousand Cuts: Micro-Air Vehicles in the Service of Air Force Missions Arthur F. Huber II, June

KEGS Discovery of 9 Supernova Candidates in the K2 Campaign 17 field with Pan-STARRS PS1

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, K. W.; Rest, A.; Tucker, B. E.; Garnavich, P. M.; Margheim, S.; Kasen, D.; Olling, R.; Shaya, E.; Narayan, G.; Villar, A.; Forster, F.; Mushotzky, R.; Zenteno, A.; James, D.; Smith, R. Chris; Dotson, J. L.; Barentsen, G.; Gully-Santiago, M.; Smartt, S. J.; Wright, D. E.; Huber, M.; Chambers, K. C.; Flewelling, H.; Willman, M.; Schultz, A.; Magnier, E.; Waters, C.; Bulger, J.; Wainscoat, R. J.

2018-05-01

We report the following transients discovered by Pan-STARRS1 during a targeted search of the Kepler Campaign 17 field as part of the K2 Extragalactic Survey (KEGS) for Transients (see http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/kegs/ ) Information on the Pan-STARRS Survey for Transients is available at http://star.pst.qub.ac.uk/ps1threepi/ (see Huber et al. ATel #7153).

The Fifth Bin - Opportunity to Empower the National Four Bin Analysis Discussion

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

Analysis and Methods for the Exploitation of ELICIT Experimental Data, ( Martin & McEver, 2008) the authors present illustrative examples of data...and Adm. Mullen from the Pentagon. (Egenhofer, et al., 2003) – Eggenhofer, Petra M., Reiner K. Huber, & Sebastian Richter, “Communication Processes...Environment”, 13th ICCRTS, Bellevue WA, 3008. http://www.dodccrp.org/events/13th_iccrts_2008/CD/html/papers/190.pdf ( Martin & McEver, 2008) – Martin

C2 Failures: A Taxonomy and Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

2, pp. 171-199. Huber, Reiner, Tor Langsaeter, Petra Eggenhofer, Fernando Freire, Antonio Grilo, Anne-Marie Grisogono, Jose Martine , Jens Roemer... Martin (2012). Mission Command White Paper. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense, Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. http...e1352384704110.jpeg?w=625&h=389 The Punchline “What we’ve got here, is failure to communicate” Strother Martin as “The Captain,” Cool Hand Luke, (Warner

Proceedings of Conference on Variable-Resolution Modeling, Washington, DC, 5-6 May 1992

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-05-01

of powerful new computer architectures for supporting object-oriented computing. Objects, as self -contained data-code packages with orderly...another entity structure. For example, (copy-entstr e:sys- tcm ’ new -system) creates an entity structure named c:new-system that has the same structure...324 Parry, S-H. (1984): A Self -contained Hierarchical Model Construct. In: Systems Analysis and Modeling in Defense (R.K. Huber, Ed.), New York

Tropical Cyclone Footprint in the Ocean Mixed Layer Observed by Argo in the Northwest Pacific

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-25

668. Hu, A., and G. A. Meehl (2009), Effect of the Atlantic hurricanes on the oceanic meridional overturning circulation and heat transport, Geo...atmospheric circulation [Hart et al., 2007]. Several studies, based on observations and modeling, suggest that TC-induced energy input and mixing may play...an important role in climate variability through regulating the oceanic general circulation and its variability [e.g., Emanuel, 2001; Sriver and Huber

Team Dimensions: Their Identity, Their Measurement and Their Relationships

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-01-01

business games (e.g., Cummings, Huber & Arendt, 1974; Kennedy, 1971 ). Apart from the problem solving tasks, the second largest group of studies...positive relationship between size and number of answers on. an anagram task. In a disjunctive problem, solving-task-, Frank & Anderson ( 1971 ) found that...4, or 5 members. However, there were no differences between the groups in time to solutions. Goldman ( 1971 ) found posi’tive effects for size with

Determination of Indicators of Ecological Change

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-09-01

simultaneously characterized parameters for more than one forest (e.g., Huber and Iroume, 2001; Tobón Marin et al., 2000). As parameters (e.g...necessary to apply the revised model for use in five forest biomes , 2) use the model to predict precipitation interception and compare the measured and...larger interception losses than many other forest biomes . The within plot sampling coefficient of variation, ranging from a study average of 0.11 in

Three Concentric Circles: Young Chinese English Learners' Perceptions of Purposeful Audiences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Jack Jinghui

2015-01-01

English learners have more access to communicate with different purposeful audiences across the Three Concentric Circles of English (Kachu, 1985): the Inner Circle, the Outer Circle and the Expanding Circle. However, young language learners' purposeful audience as a focus of communication has not been emphasized as much as other linguistic…

Procedure for normalization of cDNA libraries

DOEpatents

Bonaldo, M.D.; Soares, M.B.

1997-12-30

This invention provides a method to normalize a cDNA library constructed in a vector capable of being converted to single-stranded circles and capable of producing complementary nucleic acid molecules to the single-stranded circles comprising: (a) converting the cDNA library in single-stranded circles; (b) generating complementary nucleic acid molecules to the single-stranded circles; (c) hybridizing the single-stranded circles converted in step (a) with complementary nucleic acid molecules of step (b) to produce partial duplexes to an appropriate Cot; (e) separating the unhybridized single-stranded circles from the hybridized single-stranded circles, thereby generating a normalized cDNA library. 1 fig.

A high-temperature neutron diffraction study of Nb 2AlC and TiNbAlC

DOE PAGES

Bentzel, Grady W.; Lane, Nina J.; Vogel, Sven C.; ...

2014-12-16

In this paper, we report on the crystal structures of Nb 2AlC and TiNbAlC actual composition (Ti 0.45,Nb 0.55) 2AlC compounds determined from Rietveld analysis of neutron diffraction patterns in the 300-1173 K temperature range. The average linear thermal expansion coefficients of a Nb 2AlC sample in the a and c directions are, respectively, 7.9(5)x10 -6 K -1 and 7.7(5)x10 -6 K -1 on one neutron diffractometer and 7.3(3)x10 -6 K -1 and 7.0(2)x10 -6 K -1 on a second diffractometer. The respective values for the (Ti 0.45,Nb 0.55) 2AlC composition - only tested on one diffractometer - are 8.5(3)x10more » -6 K -1 and 7.5(5)x10 -6 K -1. These values are relatively low compared to other MAX phases. Like other MAX phases, however, the atomic displacement parameters show that the Al atoms vibrate with higher amplitudes than the Ti and C atoms, and 1 more along the basal planes than normal to them. In addition, when the predictions of the atomic displacement parameters obtained from density functional theory are compared to the experimental results, good quantitative agreement is found for the Al atoms. In case of the Nb and C atoms, the agreement was more qualitative.« less

Closed Circular Chains

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Caglayan, Günhan

2016-01-01

A Steiner chain is defined as the sequence of n circles that are all tangent to two given non-intersecting circles. A closed chain, in particular, is one in which every circle in the sequence is tangent to the previous and next circles of the chain. In a closed Steiner chain the first and the "n"th circles of the chain are also tangent…

The Director Circle of a Central Conic Section

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ayoub, Ayoub B.

2007-01-01

Each ellipse and hyperbola has a circle associated with it called the director circle. In this article, the author derives the equations of the circle for the ellipse and hyperbola through a different approach. Then the author concentrates on the director circle of the central conic given by the general quadratic equation. The content of this…

Dark Circles under Eyes

MedlinePlus

Symptoms Dark circles under eyes By Mayo Clinic Staff Dark circles under your eyes generally implies that the darkening ... eye. Fatigue is the most common cause of dark circles under your eyes. Sometimes, what appear to ...

Study of the surface wave off-great-circle propagation based on dense seismic array: a case study in Northeast China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, H.; Chong, J.

2016-12-01

The traditional surface wave tomography is based on the ray theory, which assumes that surface wave propagates along the great-circle. The great-circle assumption is valid only when the size of the anomaly is larger than the width of the Fresnel zone and the lateral variation is relatively smooth. However, off-great-circle propagation may occur when the surface wave travels across tectonic boundaries with strong heterogeneity and sharp velocity change, e.g., continental margin, mid-ridge and sea trench, resulting in arrival angle anomaly and multi-pathing effect. The off-great-circle propagation may deviate the result of surface wave tomography based on great-circle approximation, so it is of great importance to study the off-great-circle propagation. In this study, we used the teleseismic waveforms from September 2009 to August 2011, recorded by the NECESSArray in Northeast China, to study the off-great-circle propagation of Rayleigh wave by the Beamforming method. Our results show that the off-great-circle effect increases with decreasing period. At the period of 60 s, the off-great-circle effect is relatively weak and the Rayleigh wave propagates approximately along the great-circle. While at the period of 20 s, the off-great-circle effect becomes strong, the arrival angle anomaly measured from some events can be as large as 20º, and obvious multi-pathing effect is also observed. Lateral variations of the arrival angle anomaly and phase velocity have also been found in the study region, which may be correlated with the lithosphere heterogeneity in Northeast China. Our results demonstrate the necessity to study the surface wave off-great-circle propagation. Acknowledgement: This study is financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 41590854.

On a comparison of Huber-Mises-Hencky with Burzynski-Pecherski equivalent stresses for glass body during nonstationary thermal load

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Badur, Janusz; Bryk, Mateusz; Ziolkowski, Pawel; Slawinski, Daniel; Ziolkowski, Piotr; Kornet, Sebastian; Stajnke, Michal

2017-03-01

Glass materials are constantly the base of life the majority of society. A lot of us, every morning brew a cup of tea or coffee in his favourite cup or look out glass pane in order to define the weather outside. Examples can be multiplied and multiplied. On account the role of glass materials, in most people life, has been decided to choice a glass material as a base to perform thermal FSI analysis. However the analysis would be nothing without calculative model. It is well known that there are various strength hypothesis, which treat of material strength dependency on reduced tension. In most cases, to the issue which is related to reduced tensions appointment which appear in analysed material, the Huber-Mises-Hencky hypothesis is used, but it is difficult to model glass material by this hypothesis. It happens because of specific properties of glass, which is amorphous body. And here, with help occurs the W.Burzynski, Huber's student. Burzynski proposed the following reduced tension definition: Φf+η (p )ṡΦv=K , from which the Burzynski material effort is calculated:σB=1/2 k ṡ[ -(k -1 )ṡσm+√{(k-1 ) 2ṡσm2+4 ṡk ṡσHM H 2 } ] . We reached to the idea, which is the introduction of material properties coefficient k. This parameter describes the relation of compressing strength to the tensile strength. Furthermore, R. Pecherski proposed the Burzynski hypothesis enlargement by Lode's angle influence, which controls the participation of the energy density of distortion. Finally the Burzynski-Pecherski hypothesis is: η˜f(θ )ϕf+η˜v(p )ϕv=K . Where θ describes Lode's angle. In this work is presented the comparison of aforementioned hypothesis and delimitation the differences in received results stresses values by each one of hypothesis. As example of analysed problem the cold glass cup under nonstationary thermal load (which is simulated by boiled water) is taken under consideration. The analysis consist of flow calculations, bounded with filling the glass cup by hot fluid, import of geometry inner walls temperature values and finally calculation of reduced stresses using both strength hypothesis.

The South American spider genera Mesabolivar and Carapoia (Araneae, Pholcidae): new species and a framework for redrawing generic limits.

PubMed

Huber, Bernhard A

2018-03-18

The South American genera Mesabolivar González-Sponga, 1998 and Carapoia González-Sponga, 1998 are among the most species-rich pholcid genera in the Neotropics. Representatives of both genera occupy a wide range of microhabitats from the leaf litter to high among the vegetation, resulting in a morphological and behavioral diversity that complicates not only identification in the field but also the establishment of generic limits. The present paper is primarily an effort to improve the foundation for future work on these genera by describing new species and unknown sexes, by redescribing poorly known species, and by adding distribution data for known species. In order to provide some structure for the 72 species treated herein, the genera are divided into operational species groups, based in part on previous morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses, in part on similarity. The following 47 species are newly described. In Mesabolivar: M. acrensis, M. amadoi, M. amanaye, M. amazonicus, M. baianus, M. bico, M. bicuspis, M. borgesi, M. buraquinho, M. camacan, M. catarinensis, M. chapeco, M. claricae, M. constrictus, M. guaycolec, M. inmanis, M. itajai, M. jamari, M. kaingang, M. madalena, M. macushi, M. maraba, M. mimoso, M. murici, M. niteroi, M. pallens, M. saci, M. sepitus, M. serrapelada, M. similis, M. tabatinga, M. tapajos, M. turvo, M. yucuma. In Carapoia: C. agilis, C. bispina, C. djavani, C. exigua, C. kaxinawa, C. maculata, C. munduruku, C. pulchra, C. rubra, C. suassunai, C. tapajos, C. tenuis, C. utinga. Three poorly known species are redescribed in detail: M. spinosus (González-Sponga, 2005), M. anseriformis (González-Sponga, 2011), and M. azureus (Badcock, 1932). The previously unknown females are described for M. anseriformis and M. rudilapsi Machado et al., 2007; the previously unknown male is described for M. argentinensis (Mello-Leitão, 1938). The monotypic genus Teuia Huber, 2000 is newly synonymized with Mesabolivar, resulting in the new combination Mesabolivar beckeri (Huber, 2000). Psilochorus fluminensis Mello-Leitão, 1918 and Blechroscelis aurantia Mello-Leitão, 1940 are newly synonymized with Mesabolivar togatus (Keyserling, 1891). Three species are formally transferred from Mesabolivar to Carapoia: C. cambridgei (Mello-Leitão, 1947), C. lutea (Keyserling, 1891), and C. levii (Huber, 2000).

Classification by causes of dark circles and appropriate evaluation method of dark circles.

PubMed

Park, S R; Kim, H J; Park, H K; Kim, J Y; Kim, N S; Byun, K S; Moon, T K; Byun, J W; Moon, J H; Choi, G S

2016-08-01

Dark circles refer to a symptom that present darkness under the eyes. Because of improvement in the quality of life, the dark circles have been recognized as one of major cosmetic concerns. However, it is not easy to classify the dark circles because they have various causes. To select suitable instruments and detailed evaluation items, the dark circles were classified according to the causes through visual assessment, Wood's lamp test, and medical history survey for 100 subjects with dark circles. After the classification, were newly recruited for instrument conformity assessment. Through this, suitable instruments for dark circle evaluation were selected. We performed a randomized clinical trial for dark circles, a placebo-controlled double-blind study, using effective parameters of the instruments selected from the preliminary test. Dark circles of vascular type (35%) and mixed type (54%), a combination of pigmented and vascular types, were the most common. Twenty four subjects with the mixed type dark circles applied the test product (Vitamin C 3%, Vitamin A 0.1%, Vitamin E 0.5%) and placebo on randomized split-face for 8 weeks. The effective parameters (L*, a, M.I., E.I., quasi L*, quasi a* and dermal thickness) were measured during the study period. Result showed that the L* value of Chromameter(®) , Melanin index (M.I.) of Mexameter(®) and quasi L* value obtained by image analysis improved with statistical significance after applying the test product compared with the placebo product. We classified the dark circles according to the causes of the dark circles and verified the reliability of the parameter obtained by the instrument conformity assessment used in this study through the efficacy evaluation. Also based on this study, we were to suggest newly established methods which can be applied to the evaluation of efficacy of functional cosmetics for dark circles. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Optoelectronics Research Center

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-03

Stone, A. Malcoci, R. E. Miles, and I . Camara Mayorga, Electron. Lett., 41, 128–129, (2005). 10S. D. Roh, T. S. Yeoh, R. B. Swint, A. E. Huber, C. Y...and K. A. Shore, Unlocking dynamical diversity, Wiley, 2005. 14F. Grillot, K. Veselinov, M. Gioannini, I . Montrosset, J. Even, R. Piron, E. Homeyer, S...Bimberg, IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., 8, pp. 984-991, (2002). 16M. A. Cataluna, D. I . Nikitichev, S. Mikroulis, H. Simos, C. Simos, C

High-Temperature Fluid-Wall Reactor Technology Research, Test and Evaluation Performed at Naval Construction Battalion Center, Gulfport, MS, for the USAF Installation/Restoration Program

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-01

under field conditions. Sampling and analytical laboratory activities were performed by Ecology and Environment, Inc., and California Analytical...the proposed AER3 test conditions. All test samples would be obtained onsite by Ecology and Environment, Inc., of Buffalo, New York, and sent to...ensuring its safe operation. Ecology and Environment performed onsite verification sampling. This activity was coordinated with the Huber project team

Manufacturing Science of Improved Molded Optics

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-05

Forrer, “Interaction of N-FK5 and L- BAL35 optical glass with various carbide and other precision glass mold tooling”, SPIE Optifab 2013 Conference...Richardson, S. Mourad, M. Huber, A. Kunz, M. Forrer. Interaction of N-FK5 and L-BAL35 optical glass with various carbide and other precision glass mold...stoichiometric compounds. As an example, if silicon and oxygen are present in a material, then it was assumed that they are present in the form of

Spectroscopic Classification of Seven Supernovae

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blanchard, P.; Gomez, S.; Nicholl, M.; Berger, E.

2018-01-01

We obtained optical spectroscopic observations of 7 transients reported to the Transient Name Server by the ATLAS survey (Tonry et al. 2011, PASP, 123, 58; Tonry et al., ATel #8680), the Pan-STARRS Survey for Transients (PSST; Huber et al., ATel #7153; http://star.pst.qub.ac.uk/ps1threepi/), DPAC and the ESA Gaia Photometric Science Alerts Team (http://gsaweb.ast.cam.ac.uk/alerts), and the Tsinghua University-National Astronomical Observatories of China Transient Survey (TNTS).

How Continental Bank outsourced its "crown jewels.".

PubMed

Huber, R L

1993-01-01

No industry relies more on information than banking does, yet Continental, one of America's largest banks, outsources its information technology. Why? Because that's the best way to service the customers that form the core of the bank's business, says vice chairman Dick Huber. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Continental participated heavily with Penn Square Bank in energy investments. When falling energy prices burst Penn Square's bubble in 1982, Continental was stuck with more than $1 billion in bad loans. Eight years later when Dick Huber came on board, Continental was working hard to restore its once solid reputation. Executives had made many tough decisions already, altering the bank's focus from retail to business banking and laying off thousands of employees. Yet management still needed to cut costs and improve services to stay afloat. Regulators, investors, and analysts were watching every step. Continental executives, eager to focus on the bank's core mission of serving business customers, decided to outsource one after another in-house service--from cafeteria services to information technology. While conventional wisdom holds that banks must retain complete internal control of IT, Continental bucked this argument when it entered into a ten-year, multimillion-dollar contract with Integrated Systems Solutions Corporation. Continental is already reaping benefits from outsourcing IT. Most important, Continental staffers today focus on their true core competencies: intimate knowledge of customers' needs and relationships with customers.

Postoperative Respiratory Exercises Reduce the Risk of Developing Pulmonary Complications in Patients Undergoing Lobectomy.

PubMed

Rodriguez-Larrad, Ana; Vellosillo-Ortega, Juan Manuel; Ruiz-Muneta, Carlos; Abecia-Inchaurregui, Luis Carlos; Seco, Jesús

2016-07-01

To evaluate the effects of an intensive postoperative physiotherapy program focused on respiratory exercises in patients undergoing lobectomy by open thoracotomy. Quasi-experimental study. Tertiary referral academic hospital. 208 patients undergoing lobectomy by open thoracotomy. Control group patients (n=102) received standard medical/nursing care, and experimental group patients (n=106) added to the standard clinical pathway a daily physiotherapy program focused on respiratory exercises until discharge. Analyzed outcomes were the frequency of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) more amenable to physiotherapy (pneumonia, atelectasis and respiratory insufficiency) and length of hospital stay (LOS). Both groups were comparable regarding preoperative and surgical characteristics. Incidence of PPCs was 20.6% in control and 6.6% in experimental group (P=.003). Median (IQR) LOS in control group was 14 (7) days (Huber M estimator 14.21) and 12 (6) days (Huber M estimator 12.81) in experimental. Logistic regression model identified the evaluated physiotherapy program (P=.017; EXP [B] 95% CI 0.081-0.780) and % FEV1 (P=.042; EXP [B] 95% CI 0.941-0.999) as protective factors for the development of PPCs in patients undergoing lobectomy. Implementing a postoperative intensive physiotherapy program focused on respiratory exercises reduces the risk of PPCs and resultant LOS on patients undergoing lobectomy. Copyright © 2016 SEPAR. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

The pollen of metaphor: Box, cage, and trap as containment in the eighteenth century.

PubMed

Milne, Anne

2016-06-01

This article uses the concept of "the pollen of metaphor" to discuss three forms of non-human animal containment in the eighteenth century: François Huber's Leaf or Book Hive bee box first described in his Nouvelles Observations sur les Abeilles (1792, English translation 1806), Sarah Trimmer's bird cages in her didactic children's book, Fabulous Histories; Or, The Story of the Robins (1786), and a mouse trap in Anna Letitia Barbauld's 1773 poem, "The Mouse's Petition, found in the trap where he had been confined all night by Dr. Priestley, for the sake of making experiments with different kinds of air." All three works highlight the eighteenth-century art of observation. The inherent commitment to relationships in the observation process suggests that interpreting ocular evidence involves "plausible relations," metaphor and/or "productive analogy." The article teases out subtle differences between the ways that each author uses containments and concludes that while Huber seeks to circumscribe non-human animal behavior within the bounds of 'reasonable' animal husbandry to better serve human needs, Trimmer goes further to connect 'appropriate' non-human animal containment to moral strictures governing humans. Barbauld's intervention using a literate, speaking animal subject confronts such moral governance to argue for equal rights based on principles of true equality rather than what is observed to be 'reasonable' and/or 'moral.' Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Magnetorheological response of highly filled magnetoactive elastomers from perspective of mechanical energy density: Fractal aggregates above the nanometer scale?

PubMed

Sorokin, Vladislav V; Belyaeva, Inna A; Shamonin, Mikhail; Kramarenko, Elena Yu

2017-06-01

The dynamic shear modulus of magnetoactive elastomers containing 70 and 80 mass % of carbonyl iron microparticles is measured as a function of strain amplitude via dynamic torsion oscillations in various magnetic fields. The results are presented in terms of the mechanical energy density and considered in the framework of the conventional Kraus model. The form exponent of the Kraus model is further related to a physical model of Huber et al. [Huber et al., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 8, 409 (1996)10.1088/0953-8984/8/29/003] that uses a realistic representation for the cluster network possessing fractal structure. Two mechanical loading regimes are identified. At small strain amplitudes the exponent β of the Kraus model changes in an externally applied magnetic field due to rearrangement of ferromagnetic-filler particles, while at large strain amplitudes, the exponent β seems to be independent of the magnetic field. The critical mechanical energy characterizing the transition between these two regimes grows with the increasing magnetic field. Similarities between agglomeration and deagglomeration of magnetic filler under simultaneously applied magnetic field and mechanical shear and the concept of jamming transition are discussed. It is proposed that the magnetic field should be considered as an additional parameter to the jamming phase diagram of rubbers filled with magnetic particles.

Quality circles: Organizational adaptations, improvements and results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tortorich, R.

1985-01-01

The effective application in industry and government of quality circles work was demonstrated. The results achieved in quality and productivity improvements and cost savings are impressive. The circle process should be institutionalized within industry and government. The stages of circle program growth, innovations that help achieve circle process institutionalization, and the result achieved at Martin Marietta's Michoud Division and within the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are addressed.

Participant Experiences of Talking Circles on Type 2 Diabetes in Two Northern Plains American Indian Tribes

PubMed Central

Struthers, Roxanne; Hodge, Felicia Schanche; Geishirt-Cantrell, Betty; De Cora, Lorelei

2011-01-01

The Talking Circle, a culturally appropriate, 12-week educational intervention, was employed on two Northern Plains American Indian reservations to provide information on type 2 diabetes. In a phenomenological study, funded as a minority supplement to the Talking Circle intervention, the authors asked 8 American Indian participants of the Talking Circle to describe their experience of being an American Indian Talking Circle participant. Seven common themes describe the phenomenon of participating in a Talking Circle diabetic intervention. The Talking Circle technique was effective in providing information on type 2 diabetes through culturally appropriate community sharing. Type 2 diabetes is viewed by both outsiders and those involved as a chronic disease of the utmost concern in American Indian communities. PMID:14556421

New software to model energy dispersive X-ray diffraction in polycrystalline materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghammraoui, B.; Tabary, J.; Pouget, S.; Paulus, C.; Moulin, V.; Verger, L.; Duvauchelle, Ph.

2012-02-01

Detection of illicit materials, such as explosives or drugs, within mixed samples is a major issue, both for general security and as part of forensic analyses. In this paper, we describe a new code simulating energy dispersive X-ray diffraction patterns in polycrystalline materials. This program, SinFullscat, models diffraction of any object in any diffractometer system taking all physical phenomena, including amorphous background, into account. Many system parameters can be tuned: geometry, collimators (slit and cylindrical), sample properties, X-ray source and detector energy resolution. Good agreement between simulations and experimental data was obtained. Simulations using explosive materials indicated that parameters such as the diffraction angle or the energy resolution of the detector have a significant impact on the diffraction signature of the material inspected. This software will be a convenient tool to test many diffractometer configurations, providing information on the one that best restores the spectral diffraction signature of the materials of interest.

X-Ray diffraction on large single crystals using a powder diffractometer

DOE PAGES

Jesche, A.; Fix, M.; Kreyssig, A.; ...

2016-06-16

Information on the lattice parameter of single crystals with known crystallographic structure allows for estimations of sample quality and composition. In many cases it is sufficient to determine one lattice parameter or the lattice spacing along a certain, high- symmetry direction, e.g. in order to determine the composition in a substitution series by taking advantage of Vegard’s rule. Here we present a guide to accurate measurements of single crystals with dimensions ranging from 200 μm up to several millimeter using a standard powder diffractometer in Bragg-Brentano geometry. The correction of the error introduced by the sample height and the optimizationmore » of the alignment are discussed in detail. Finally, in particular for single crystals with a plate-like habit, the described procedure allows for measurement of the lattice spacings normal to the plates with high accuracy on a timescale of minutes.« less

The new powder diffractometer D1B of the Institut Laue Langevin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Puente Orench, I.; Clergeau, J. F.; Martínez, S.; Olmos, M.; Fabelo, O.; Campo, J.

2014-11-01

D1B is a medium resolution high flux powder diffractometer located at the Institut Laue Langevin, ILL. D1B a suitable instrument for studying a large variety of polycrystalline materials. D1B runs since 1998 as a CRG (collaborating research group) instrument, being exploited by the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France) and CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Spain). In 2008 the Spanish CRG started an updating program which included a new detector and a radial oscillating collimator (ROC). The detector, which has a sensitive height of 100mm, covers an angular range of 128°. Its 1280 gold wires provide a neutron detection point every 0.1°. The ROC is made of 198 gadolinium- based absorbing collimation blades, regular placed every 0.67°. Here the present characteristics of D1B are reviewed and the different experimental performances will be presented.

Advanced setup for high-pressure and low-temperature neutron diffraction at hydrostatic conditions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lokshin, Konstantin A.; Zhao Yusheng

2005-06-15

We describe a design of the experimental setup for neutron diffraction studies at low temperatures and hydrostatic pressure. The significant benefit of the setup, compared to the previous methods, is that it makes possible the simultaneous collection of neutrons diffracted at the 30 deg. -150 deg. range with no contamination by the primary scattering from the sample surroundings and without cutting out the incident and diffracted beams. The suggested design is most useful for third-generation time-of-flight diffractometers and constant wavelength instruments. Application of the setup expands the capabilities of high-pressure neutron diffraction, allowing time-resolved kinetics and structural studies, multihistogram Rietveld,more » and pair distribution function and texture analyses. The high efficiency of the setup was proven for the HIPPO diffractometer at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center under pressures up to 10 kbar and temperatures from 4 to 300 K.« less

On high-resolution reciprocal-space mapping with a triple-crystal diffractometer for high-energy X-rays.

PubMed

Liss, K D; Royer, A; Tschentscher, T; Suortti, P; Williams, A P

1998-03-01

High-energy X-rav diffraction by means of triple-crystal techniques is a powerful tool for investigating dislocations and strain in bulk materials. Radiation with an energy typically higher than 80 keV combines the advantage of low attenuation with high resolution at large momentum transfers. The triple-crystal diffractometer at the High Energy Beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility is described. It is shown how the transverse and longitudinal resolution depend on the choice of the crystal reflection, and how the orientation of a reciprocal-lattice distortion in an investigated sample towards the resolution element of the instrument can play an important role. This effect is demonstrated on a single crystal of silicon where a layer of macro pores reveals satellites around the Bragg reflection. The resulting longitudinal distortion can be investigated using the high transverse resolution of the instrument when choosing an appropriate reflection.

SMA texture and reorientation: simulations and neutron diffraction studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Xiujie; Brown, Donald W.; Brinson, L. Catherine

2005-05-01

With increased usage of shape memory alloys (SMA) for applications in various fields, it is important to understand how the material behavior is affected by factors such as texture, stress state and loading history, especially for complex multiaxial loading states. Using the in-situ neutron diffraction loading facility (SMARTS diffractometer) and ex situ inverse pole figure measurement facility (HIPPO diffractometer) at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANCE), the macroscopic mechanical behavior and texture evolution of Nickel-Titanium (Nitinol) SMAs under sequential compression in alternating directions were studied. The simplified multivariant model developed at Northwestern University was then used to simulate the macroscopic behavior and the microstructural change of Nitinol under this sequential loading. Pole figures were obtained via post-processing of the multivariant results for volume fraction evolution and compared quantitatively well to the experimental results. The experimental results can also be used to test or verify other SMA constitutive models.

Composite germanium monochromators - Results for the TriCS single-crystal diffractometer at SINQ

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schefer, J.; Fischer, S.; Böhm, M.; Keller, L.; Horisberger, M.; Medarde, M.; Fischer, P.

Composite germanium monochromators are foremost in application in neutron diffraction due to their good scattering properties, low absorption values and the diamond structure which avoids second-order contamination when using hhk reflections (all odd). Our slices for the monochromator are built from 24 wafers, each 0.4 mm thick. The alignment of the wafers within the final composite wafer package has been improved by adding tin for the soldering process with a sputtering method instead of foils. Nine slices, each 12.5 mm high, are mounted on separate miniature goniometer heads to the focusing monochromator. The focusing angle is controlled by only one motor/digitizer by using a sophisticated mechanism. Turning the monochromator by 9° around overlineω allow access of the 311 (primary) and 511 (secondary) reflection. We also show the importance of permanent quality control with neutrons. The monochromator will be used on the single-crystal diffractometer TriCS at SINQ.

Role of Bi3+ substitution on structural, magnetic and optical properties of cobalt spinel ferrite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anjum, Safia; Sehar, Fatima; Awan, M. S.; Zia, Rehana

2016-04-01

Bismuth-doped cobalt ferrite CoBi x Fe(2- x)O4 with x = 0, 0.1,0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 have been prepared using powder metallurgy route. The structural, morphological, elemental, magnetic and optical properties have been investigated using X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-rays, vibrating sample magnetometer and ultraviolet-visible spectrometer, respectively. X-ray diffractometer analysis confirms the formation of single-phase cubic spinel structure. As the substitution of larger ionic radii Bi3+ ions increases in cobalt ferrite which is responsible to increase the lattice parameters and decrease the crystallite size. SEM micrographs revealed the spherical shape of the particles with the nonuniform grain boundaries. The saturation magnetization decreases and bandgap energy increases as the concentration of non-magnetic Bi3+ ions increases.

NIMROD: The Near and InterMediate Range Order Diffractometer of the ISIS second target station.

PubMed

Bowron, D T; Soper, A K; Jones, K; Ansell, S; Birch, S; Norris, J; Perrott, L; Riedel, D; Rhodes, N J; Wakefield, S R; Botti, A; Ricci, M-A; Grazzi, F; Zoppi, M

2010-03-01

NIMROD is the Near and InterMediate Range Order Diffractometer of the ISIS second target station. Its design is optimized for structural studies of disordered materials and liquids on a continuous length scale that extends from the atomic, upward of 30 nm, while maintaining subatomic distance resolution. This capability is achieved by matching a low and wider angle array of high efficiency neutron scintillation detectors to the broad band-pass radiation delivered by a hybrid liquid water and liquid hydrogen neutron moderator assembly. The capabilities of the instrument bridge the gap between conventional small angle neutron scattering and wide angle diffraction through the use of a common calibration procedure for the entire length scale. This allows the instrument to obtain information on nanoscale systems and processes that are quantitatively linked to the local atomic and molecular order of the materials under investigation.

Made-in-USA Quality Circles Become People-Building Tool.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cohen, Larry

1983-01-01

Discusses the use of quality circles as a human resources development tool in Middlesex Community College's Career-Oriented Peer Services tutoring center. Delineates rules for circle participants and follows the activities of two circles comprised of business-oriented and engineering-oriented students. (DMM)

Operational improvements at traffic circles : safety analysis, final report, December 2008.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-12-01

The purpose of this study was to improve the safety and operation at three traffic circles in New : Jersey. To do this, data were collected at the traffic circles to allow researchers to model the : circles using the PARAMICS software simulation pack...

Soil Biota and Litter Decay in High Arctic Ecosystems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

González, G.; Rivera, F.; Makarova, O.; Gould, W. A.

2006-12-01

Frost heave action contributes to the formation of non-sorted circles in the High Arctic. Non-sorted circles tend to heave more than the surrounding tundra due to deeper thaw and the formation of ice lenses. Thus, the geomorphology, soils and vegetation on the centers of the patterned-ground feature (non-sorted circles) as compared to the surrounding soils (inter-circles) can be different. We established a decomposition experiment to look at in situ decay rates of the most dominant graminoid species on non-sorted circles and adjacent inter-circle soils along a climatic gradient in the Canadian High Arctic as a component of a larger study looking at the biocomplexity of small-featured patterned ground ecosystems. Additionally, we investigated variation in soil chemical properties and biota, including soil microarthropods and microbial composition and biomass, as they relate to climate, topographic position, and litter decay rates. Our three sites locations, from coldest to warmest, are Isachsen, Ellef Ringnes Island (ER), NU (bioclimatic subzone A); Mould Bay (MB), Prince Patrick Island, NT (bioclimatic subzone B), and Green Cabin (GC), Aulavik National Park, Thomsen River, Banks Island, NT (bioclimatic subzone C). Our sample design included the selection of 15 non-sorted circles and adjacent inter-circle areas within the zonal vegetation at each site (a total of 90 sites), and a second set of 3 non-sorted circles and adjacent inter-circle areas in dry, mesic and wet tundra at each of the sites. Soil invertebrates were sampled at each site using both pitfall traps, soil microbial biomass was determined using substrate induced respiration and bacterial populations were determined using the most probable number method. Decomposition rates were measured using litterbags and as the percent of mass remaining of Carex misandra, Luzula nivalis and Alopecuris alpinus in GC, MB and ER, respectively. Our findings indicate these graminoid species decayed significantly over time at a rate of 10-15 % mass loss / yr during the first year of decay. Decay rates are different in non-sorted circles vs. inter-circle soils along the climatic gradient. In MB, L. nivalis seems to decay faster in the inter-circle soils than in non-sorted circles (0.05

Quality/Performance Circles Three Years after Implementation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ladwig, Dennis J.

An overview is provided of the development of quality/performance circles at Lakeshore Technical Institute (LTI), Wisconsin, and of the projects undertaken through the quality/performance circle program during its 3-year history. First, background information is provided on the use of quality circles in Japan and the United States, including…

Fostering Classroom Communities through Circling with Teacher Candidates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bouchard, Karen L.; Hollweck, Trista; Smith, J. David

2016-01-01

Classroom circles have been recognized as a valuable pedagogical approach to develop students' social-emotional learning and to establish a sense of community within a classroom. Until recently, there has been little consideration that teachers, themselves, may benefit from circling experiences. To garner a deeper understanding of circling for…

Making Morning Circle Meaningful

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bruce, Susan; Fasy, Cara; Gulick, Jessica; Jones, Jill; Pike, Elizabeth

2006-01-01

Morning Circle, also known as Morning Meeting, is often a daily lesson in both general education and special education classrooms. The primary purpose of the Circle is to support each child to establish membership in the class while developing a classroom community and culture. The Responsive Classroom Approach recommends four Circle components:…

Transaction Circles with Digital Texts as a Foundation for Democratic Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Sally

2015-01-01

Transaction circles weave together elements of guided reading and literature circles in an open conversational structure that supports students as agentive learners. Discourse within these circles utilizing digital informational texts assist in the development of democratic practices even in a time when federal mandates limit curricula and…

Perceptual Differences in Attitudes on Quality Circles.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holcomb, Lynn; Berger, Leonard

1986-01-01

A study was conducted to determine any perceptual differences toward quality circles in a chemical plant. It also tried to determine if any perceptual differences that might be found could be related to attitudes toward the circles themselves or the attitudes toward circle members. Length of service was also a factor. (CT)

Formulation of an RP-1 Pyrolysis Surrogate from Shock Tube Measurements of Fuel and Ethylene Time Histories

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-01

They also provide modelers (in both kinetics and computational fluid dynamics) with a method of representing, during simulation, a fuel that may have...1 and RP-2 from [Huber 2009a] Composition, mole fraction Fluid RP-1 surrogate RP-2 surrogate -methyldecalin 0.354 0.354 5-methylnonane 0.150...modeling and experimental results. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 28(7):701–708, 2004. L. F. Albright, B. L. Crynes, and W. H. Corcoran

Robust Regression through Robust Covariances.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-01-01

we apply (2.3). But first let us examine the influence function (see Hampel (1974)). In order to simplify the formulas we will first consider the case...remember that the influence function is an asymptotic 0tooL" and that therefore the population Values of our estimators appear in the formula. V(GR) is...the parameter a , V) based on the data Z1 , ... DZ. via tp =~t 0. Now we can apply the standard formulas to get influence function (see Huber (1981

Some Modified Integrated Squared Error Procedures for Multivariate Normal Data.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-06-01

p-dimensional Gaussian. There are a number of measures of qualitative robustness but the most important is the influence function . Most of the other...measures are derived from the influence function . The influence function is simply proportional to the score function (Huber, 1981, p. 45 ). The... influence function at the p-variate Gaussian distribution Np (UV) is as -1P IC(x; ,N) = IE&) ;-") sD=XV = (I+c) (p+2)(x-p) exp(- ! (x-p) TV-.1-)) (3.6

Robust Algorithms for Detecting a Change in a Stochastic Process with Infinite Memory

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-01

breakdown point and the additional assumption of 0-mixing on the nominal meas- influence function . The structure of the optimal algorithm ures. Then Huber’s...are i.i.d. sequences of Gaus- For the breakdown point and the influence function sian random variables, with identical variance o2 . Let we will use...algebraic sign for i=0,1. Here z will be chosen such = f nthat it leads to worst case or earliest breakdown. i (14) Next, the influence function measures

M-Estimation for Discrete Data: Asymptotic Distribution Theory and Implications.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-11-01

the influence function of an M-estimator is proportional to its score function; see Hampel (1974) or Huber (1981) for details. Surprisingly, M...consistently estimates 0 when the model is correct. Suppose now that OcR The influence function at F of an M-estimator for e has the form a(x,e...variance and the bound on the influence function at F This is assuming, of course, that the estimator is asymptotically normal at Fe. 6’ The truncation

Marginal Integrity of Glass Ionomer and All Ceramic Restorations

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

submitted to the Faculty of the Comprehensive Dentistry Graduate Program Naval Postgraduate Dental School Uniformed Services University of the...Department ~~’JJ\\fvAJ\\,nM~ . ctfulinaro, Joseph, D.D.S, M.S. CAPT, DC, USN Program Director, Comprehensive Dentistry Depa11ment S:tX~ Kooistra...Scott, D.D.S CAPT, DC, USN Operati~~:ellti !~~ Departm:L-- Huber, ayson, D.D.S., M.S. LCDR, DC, USN Comprehensive Dentistry Department Arena, arc

Diode-Pumped, 2-Micron, Q-Switched Thulium: Y3Al5O12 (Tm:Yag) Microchip Laser

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-01

switch with a chromium -doped zinc selenide crystal acting as a saturable absorber passive Q-switch. Finally, we will propose possible future...literature by Heine and Huber [4] and others, while passive Q-switching of 2 μm lasers by a chromium -doped zinc selenide has been demonstrated by Tsai and...these objectives for each component of the laser system. In Chapter 4 a design is presented for replacing our acousto-optic Q-switch with a chromium

The Need for a Regional Security System Multinational Coast Guard Unit in the Eastern Caribbean

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-08

the teaching staff of Staff Group 11 A (Mr Matt Bonnott, Dr Thomas Huber, LTC Andrew McIntyre) and Mr William Knight for officiating, my oral...assist me on this journey. Finally, to my wife Vonette, son Isaiah , daughter Makayla, my mother Muriel (this one is for you), and my friends (too...for the implementation of a new security risk management mechanism to enhance the security of the RSS sub-region. According to Thomas Norman in the

Evaluation of Lands for Recreational Snowmobile Use (Guidelines for Natural Resources Management and Land Use Compatibility).

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-05-01

Percy , E. C., "The Snowmobile: Friend or Foe?" Journal of Trauma, Vol 12, No. 5 (May 1972), pp 444-446. Price, V. J., "Snowmobiles, The Winter Revolution...Fort Dix, NJ Hasset, John J., Agronomy Department, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL Huber, Phil, Environmental Offices, Fort Benning, GA Jackson ...Outdoor Recreation Director, Fort McCoy, WI Houser, James, Forester, Fort McCoy, WI Hutchinson, Julian, Land Manager, Fort McCoy, WI Jackson , Gary

The Information Age: An Anthology on Its Impact and Consequences

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-01-01

the United States, but it soon assumed global proportions as information and its collection, management , and distribution became the hallmarks of...on election day, soon forgotten in the enjoyment of power, is over," he argues. There is a simple reason for this, Huber maintains. Just as you can...than the value of all U.S. exports. Thus a lot of commerce that looks domestic to an economist—such as the Stouffer’s frozen dinner you bought last

Quality Circles: Determination of Significant Factors for Success an a General Model for Implementing a Quality Circle Process.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-06-01

receive for contributions to quality and productivity /4:Apdx-47. The initiative for the Quality Circle concept came from Dr Kaoru Ishikawa , a...eloquently summarized by the "Father of Quality Circles", Dr Kaoru Ishikawa . He sees that, although Japan started with the worst quality reputation among...Perceptions of Influence, Academy of Management Journal. December 1974, pp 649-bz. 49. Ishikawa , Kaoru . S.C. Circle Activities. Union of Japanese Scientists and

GENERATING FRACTAL PATTERNS BY USING p-CIRCLE INVERSION

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramírez, José L.; Rubiano, Gustavo N.; Zlobec, Borut Jurčič

2015-10-01

In this paper, we introduce the p-circle inversion which generalizes the classical inversion with respect to a circle (p = 2) and the taxicab inversion (p = 1). We study some basic properties and we also show the inversive images of some basic curves. We apply this new transformation to well-known fractals such as Sierpinski triangle, Koch curve, dragon curve, Fibonacci fractal, among others. Then we obtain new fractal patterns. Moreover, we generalize the method called circle inversion fractal be means of the p-circle inversion.

Native American Values and Management Education: Envisioning an Inclusive Virtuous Circle

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Verbos, Amy Klemm; Gladstone, Joe S.; Kennedy, Deanna M.

2011-01-01

Circles are symbols of interconnectedness. Behavioral circles can be vicious or virtuous. Many American Indians are caught in a vicious circle of exclusion from the purported benefits of Westernization, entrapment in its negative elements, and the ongoing undermining of their culture and thus their identities. Yet Native Americans, along with many…

The Value of the Math Circle for Gifted Middle School Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burns, Barbara; Henry, Julie; McCarthy, Dianne; Tripp, Jennifer

2017-01-01

Math Circles are designed to allow students to explore mathematics using a problem-solving/inquiry approach. Many of the students attending our Math Circle are mathematically talented and curious. This study examines the perspectives of the students and their families in determining why students attend Math Circle, what they enjoy about Math…

Expanding the Reach of Extension to Underserved Audiences through Study Circles in Rural Idaho

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cummins, Melissa; Petty, Barbara; Hansen, Lyle; Hoffman, Katie; Wittman, Grace

2012-01-01

Extension educators expanded the reach of their programming to underserved audiences through the implementation of Study Circles in rural Southern Idaho. Study Circles gave educators entry into communities by establishing relationships necessary for long-term change. Study Circle discussions in rural Southern Idaho led to stronger relationships…

The Acoustic Reality of the Kachruvian Circles: A Rhythmic Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Low, Ee Ling

2010-01-01

This paper investigates whether the rhythmic properties of varieties of English found in each of the concentric circles of Kachru's model can, in any way, be elucidated by the "Three Circles" model. A measurement and comparison of the rhythm of three varieties of English: British English (from the Inner Circle), Singapore English (from…

The Relationship of Communication to Productivity: Quality Circles as a Mediating Variable.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Creagh, Sara; Smeltzer, Larry

Quality circles, small groups of employees working voluntarily toward performance improvement, have become a popular business strategy in the past decade. When effective, the quality circle may be linked directly to the increased productivity of the work group. The quality circle process may be divided into four components: identification and…

Quality Circles: Involvement, Problem-Solving, and Recognition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moretz, H. Lynn

1983-01-01

The media production department of Central Piedmont Community College (CPCC) began quality circle meetings in January 1981 after studying the process of quality circles and obtaining the understanding and support of the college administration. A quality circle is a small group of people doing similar work who voluntarily meet on a regular basis to…

The "Us" in Discuss: Grouping in Literature Circles

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Batchelor, Katherine

2012-01-01

This article describes one middle school teacher's use of literature circles using heterogeneous grouping. It begins with a brief rationale for using literature circles in the language arts classroom. Next, it describes techniques to form literature circles. Then, it shares how to build and establish a supportive environment within each group. It…

A Round Is a Circle...

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boyarsky, Terry L.

2006-01-01

Circles are everywhere and endlessly intriguing. We know, sense, and feel them in time, space, sound, and the cycles of nature. A person's life contains spirals, repetitions, going out and coming back. Poets write of circles; composers write song cycles. Circles are at the root of the curriculum, concepts deep yet accessible, infinite in their…

Accuracy of tree diameter estimation from terrestrial laser scanning by circle-fitting methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koreň, Milan; Mokroš, Martin; Bucha, Tomáš

2017-12-01

This study compares the accuracies of diameter at breast height (DBH) estimations by three initial (minimum bounding box, centroid, and maximum distance) and two refining (Monte Carlo and optimal circle) circle-fitting methods The circle-fitting algorithms were evaluated in multi-scan mode and a simulated single-scan mode on 157 European beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.). DBH measured by a calliper was used as reference data. Most of the studied circle-fitting algorithms significantly underestimated the mean DBH in both scanning modes. Only the Monte Carlo method in the single-scan mode significantly overestimated the mean DBH. The centroid method proved to be the least suitable and showed significantly different results from the other circle-fitting methods in both scanning modes. In multi-scan mode, the accuracy of the minimum bounding box method was not significantly different from the accuracies of the refining methods The accuracy of the maximum distance method was significantly different from the accuracies of the refining methods in both scanning modes. The accuracy of the Monte Carlo method was significantly different from the accuracy of the optimal circle method in only single-scan mode. The optimal circle method proved to be the most accurate circle-fitting method for DBH estimation from point clouds in both scanning modes.

COMPLETENESS OF CIRCLE OF WILLIS IN ASYMPTOMATIC AND SYMPTOMATIC EXTRACRANIAL CAROTID DISEASE.

PubMed

Manojlovic, Vladimir; Popovic, Vlandan; Nikoloc, Dragan; Milosevic, Dorde; Pasternak, Janko; Budakov, Nebojsa

2016-11-01

This research has been aimed at determining whether incomplete Circle of Willis in patients with significant extracranial carotid stenosis is associated with a higher incidence of neurological symptomatology and/or ischemnic cerebral lesions. The research was conducted as a prospective study which comprised 211 patients who underwent surgical treatment of extracranial carotid disease at the Department of Vascular Surgery in Novi Sad and 102 patients in the control group. Each patient underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography with visualization of cerebral parenchyma. extracranial and intracranial cerebral circulation. Assessment of Circle of Willis morphology was performed by 3D time-of-fight magnetic resonance angiogram sequence analysis. The patients were divided into two groups: group I - the patients with'complete Circle of Willis and group II - the patients with incomplete Circle of Willis i.e. with the disruption of anterior and/ or ipsilateral posterior circulation - regarding the side of signif icant carotid stenosis. Out of 211 patients who -were operated during a two-year period, 133 had the complete Circle of Willis. while 78 patients had the incomplete Circle of Willis. Out of 111 patients with symptomatic carotid disease or silent cerebral infarction, 52.5% (58) had the complete Circle of' Willis and 47.5% (53) had the incomplete Circle of Willis. It was shown to be statistically different (P = 0.0146) in relation with the asymptomatic group of patients (100), where the frequency of the complete Circle of Willis was 75% (75) while the insufficiency of anterior or ipsilateral posterior collateral ization was found in 25% (25). In the control group there were significantly fewer cases of developed collateral flow and the complete Circle of Willis (41%) compared to the operated patients with extracranial carotid stenosis (63%) (P= 0.0003). Incompleteness of Circle of Willis is associated with more frequent occurrence of neurological symptomatology or ischemic lesions of brain parenchyma in operated patients with significant extracranial carotid stenosis. The control group without extracranial carotid stenosis had less developed collaterals of Circle of Willis compared to extracranial carotid patients.

Correlation Between the Integrity of the Circle of Willis and the Severity of Initial Noncardiac Cerebral Infarction and Clinical Prognosis

PubMed Central

Zhou, Houshi; Sun, Jian; Ji, Xiaotan; Lin, Jing; Tang, Shujin; Zeng, Jinsheng; Fan, Yu-hua

2016-01-01

Abstract The quality of collateral circulation affects the severity and prognosis of stroke patients. The effect of the circle of Willis, which is the primary collateral circulation, on ischemic stroke has attracted significant attention. This study was designed to investigate the effect of different circles of Willis types on stroke severity and prognosis in patients with noncardiac stroke. A total of 376 patients with noncardiac ischemic stroke, who were treated by the specialty team of cerebrovascular diseases at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen Hospital, were successively enrolled in this study. The detailed clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded upon admission, including risk factors of vascular disease and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores. The patients were divided into groups of different circles of Willis types based on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) that was performed within 3 days of admission—type I: complete circle of Willis; type II: complete anterior half of the circle of Willis and incomplete posterior half of the circle of Willis; type III: incomplete anterior half of the circle of Willis and complete posterior half of the circle of Willis; and type IV: incomplete anterior and posterior halves of the circle of Willis. Patients were re-evaluated for NIHSS scores at discharge and after discharge. The modified Rankin score (mRS) was recorded for 90 days, and stroke recurrence and death after 90 days were also recorded until the end of the study. The 376 patients were divided into 4 groups based on the MRA—type I group: 92 patients (24.5%); type II group: 215 patients (57.2%); type III group: 12 patients (3.2%), and type IV group: 57 patients (15.2%). NIHSS scores at admission and discharge were significantly lower for the type I group compared with those for the type II and type IV groups (P < 0.05). NIHSS scores were higher in the groups with an incomplete circle of Willis compared with the group with a complete circle of Willis. A poor recovery rate was highest for the type IV group, whereas a good recovery rate was highest for the type I group. The logistic regression analysis showed that a complete circle of Willis was one of the predictors of suitable recovery (odds ratio [OR] = 0.708, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.554–0.906). Circle of Willis type was associated with stroke severity and patient prognosis, whereas an incomplete circle of Willis was associated with more severe conditions and a higher 90-day poor diagnosis rate. A complete circle of Willis was an independent predictor of good prognosis. PMID:26962785

What Works: Study Circles in the Real World. Best Practices for Producing Community-Wide Study Circles.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mengual, Gloria

This document, which is based on information gathered during a 1998 study of how study circle programs contribute to community problem solving, presents best practices for producing community-wide study circles. The best practices are illustrated through stories that are grouped into five sections on the following themes: (1) creating a…

"Quality Circles": A Strategy for Personal and Curriculum Development. Coombe Lodge Working Paper. Information Bank Number 1803.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Field, M. J.; Harrison, A. B.

Quality circles attempt to satisfy both task and personal needs through staff involvement in solving work-related problems. This paper summarizes quality circle theory, applies it to school settings, and suggests a framework for introducing the process to educational institutions. After briefly defining quality circles, the article presents two…

Mismanagement and Quality Circles: How Middle Managers Influence Direct Participation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brennan, Maire

1991-01-01

Case studies of five Scottish companies found that four of their quality circles programs had ceased. Essential to the success of quality circles were changes in the systems of reward, communication, and decision making and the cooperation and support of middle managers, who may see quality circles as a threat and who control the resources they…

Expanding-Circle Students Learning "Standard English" in the Outer-Circle Asia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kobayashi, Yoko

2011-01-01

Drawing upon Kachru's concentric circles of English, the present study explores whether middle-class Japanese students who chose to study English solo at private language schools in Singapore diverge from many others who (wish to) study inner-circle English. The study is stimulated by the repeated interdisciplinary findings that, in spite of the…

Circles of Support and Personalization: Exploring the Economic Case

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wistow, Gerald; Perkins, Margaret; Knapp, Martin; Bauer, Annette; Bonin, Eva-Maria

2016-01-01

Circles of Support aim to enable people with learning disabilities (and others) to live full lives as part of their communities. As part of a wider study of the economic case for community capacity building conducted from 2012 to 2014, we conducted a mixed methods study of five Circles in North West England. Members of these Circles were…

Children with Autism and Peer Group Support: "Using Circles of Friends".

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whitaker, Philip; Barratt, Penny; Joy, Helen; Potter, Mo; Thomas, George

1998-01-01

Explains the "circle of friends approach" as one strategy aimed at using peer group support to promote the inclusion of children with autism into mainstream schools. It describes use of the approach with six autistic children in years 3 to 10 of British mainstream schools. Evaluation comments by the circle leaders, circle members, and…

The Chicken and the Egg: Inviting Response and Talk through Socratic Circles

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Styslinger, Mary E.; Pollock, Timothy

2010-01-01

This collaborative inquiry answers the following questions: 1) What is the nature of talk during Socratic Circles? 2) What is student response to talk? 3) How might knowing more about student response to talk and the nature of talk improve teaching during Socratic Circles? The article first describes the process of implementing Socratic Circles,…

Getting Started with Literature Circles. The Bill Harp Professional Teachers Library Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Noe, Katherine L. Schlick; Johnson, Nancy J.

Designed to help teachers get started using literature circles in their classrooms, this book gives teachers a boost to begin, offers some insights from other teachers, and helps teachers clarify where to go next. It notes that literature circles (or literature study groups, book clubs, or discussion circles) take many forms and engage students in…

Guided Discovery of the Nine-Point Circle Theorem and Its Proof

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buchbinder, Orly

2018-01-01

The nine-point circle theorem is one of the most beautiful and surprising theorems in Euclidean geometry. It establishes an existence of a circle passing through nine points, all of which are related to a single triangle. This paper describes a set of instructional activities that can help students discover the nine-point circle theorem through…

Ecohydrological interactions within "fairy circles" in the Namib Desert: Revisiting the self-organization hypothesis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ravi, Sujith; Wang, Lixin; Kaseke, Kudzai Farai; Buynevich, Ilya V.; Marais, Eugene

2017-02-01

Vegetation patterns such as rings, bands, and spots are recurrent characteristics of resource-limited arid and semiarid ecosystems. One of the most recognizable vegetation patterns is the millions of circular patches, often referred to as "fairy circles," within the arid grassland matrix extending over hundreds of kilometers in the Namib Desert. Several modeling studies have highlighted the role of plant-soil interactions in the formation of these fairy circles. However, little is known about the spatial and temporal variabilities of hydrological processes inside a fairy circle. In particular, a detailed field assessment of hydrological and soil properties inside and outside the fairy circles is limited. We conducted extensive measurements of infiltration rate, soil moisture, grass biometric, and sediment grain-size distribution from multiple circles and interspaces in the Namib Desert. Our results indicate that considerable heterogeneity in hydrological processes exists within the fairy circles, resulting from the presence of coarser particles in the inner bare soil areas, whereas concentration of fine soil occurs on the vegetated edges. The trapping of aeolian and water-borne sediments by plants may result in the observed soil textural changes beneath the vegetation, which in turn, explains the heterogeneity in hydrological processes such as infiltration and runoff. Our investigation provides new insights and experimental data on the ecohydrological processes associated with fairy circles, from a less studied location devoid of sand termite activity within the circles. The results seem to provide support to the "self-organization hypothesis" of fairy circle formation attributed to the antiphase spatial biomass-water distributions.

A Spring Playscape Project: Building a Tree Circle

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keeler, Rusty

2009-01-01

The Tree Circle is a green gathering area for children made by planting trees in a circle. For children, the Tree Circle becomes a magical place for dramatic play, quiet retreat, or lively nature exploration. For teachers and parents it becomes a shady grove for snacks and stories. The trees create a sweet spot that changes during the seasons and…

National Forest System working circles: a question of size and ownership composition

Treesearch

Robert J. Hrubes

1976-01-01

Allowable-cut (potential yield) levels on National Forest land are determined for planning units called working circles. The size of working circles has been increased over the past 30 years to the present scale which is often coincident with National Forest boundaries. Larger working circles have recently been considered because of the anticipated impacts on timber...

The combination of circle topology and leaky integrator neurons remarkably improves the performance of echo state network on time series prediction.

PubMed

Xue, Fangzheng; Li, Qian; Li, Xiumin

2017-01-01

Recently, echo state network (ESN) has attracted a great deal of attention due to its high accuracy and efficient learning performance. Compared with the traditional random structure and classical sigmoid units, simple circle topology and leaky integrator neurons have more advantages on reservoir computing of ESN. In this paper, we propose a new model of ESN with both circle reservoir structure and leaky integrator units. By comparing the prediction capability on Mackey-Glass chaotic time series of four ESN models: classical ESN, circle ESN, traditional leaky integrator ESN, circle leaky integrator ESN, we find that our circle leaky integrator ESN shows significantly better performance than other ESNs with roughly 2 orders of magnitude reduction of the predictive error. Moreover, this model has stronger ability to approximate nonlinear dynamics and resist noise than conventional ESN and ESN with only simple circle structure or leaky integrator neurons. Our results show that the combination of circle topology and leaky integrator neurons can remarkably increase dynamical diversity and meanwhile decrease the correlation of reservoir states, which contribute to the significant improvement of computational performance of Echo state network on time series prediction.

Synthesis of Carbonate-Based Micro/Nanoscale Particles With Controlled Morphology and Mineralogy

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-01

patterns were obtained using a Panalytical X’Pert Pro diffractometer using iron-filtered cobalt radiation, and analyzed using Panalytical X’Pert...develop composites by hydrothermal recrystallization of metastable phases. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Aragonite Calcite Calcium carbonate Dopant Mineralogy

Fabrication and characteristics of thin disc piezoelectric transformers based on piezoelectric buzzers with gap circles.

PubMed

Chang, Kuo-Tsai; Lee, Chun-Wei

2008-04-01

This paper investigates design, fabrication and test of thin disc piezoelectric transformers (PTs) based on piezoelectric buzzers with gap circles at different diameters of the gap circles. The performance test is focused on characteristics of voltage gains, including maximum voltage gains and maximum-gain frequencies, for each piezoelectric transformer under different load conditions. Both a piezoelectric buzzer and a gap circle on a silver electrode of the buzzer are needed to build any type of the PTs. Here, the gap circle is used to form a ring-shaped input electrode and a circle-shaped output electrode for each piezoelectric transformer. To do so, both structure and connection of a PT are first expressed. Then, operating principle of a PT and its related vibration mode observed by a carbon-power imaging technique are described. Moreover, an experimental setup for characterizing each piezoelectric transformer is constructed. Finally, effects of diameters of the gap circles on characteristics of voltage gains at different load resistances are discussed.

A programmable systolic array correlator as a trigger processor for electron pairs in rich (ring image Cherenkov) counters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Männer, R.

1989-12-01

This paper describes a systolic array processor for a ring image Cherenkov counter which is capable of identifying pairs of electron circles with a known radius and a certain minimum distance within 15 μs. The processor is a very flexible and fast device. It consists of 128 x 128 processing elements (PEs), where one PE is assigned to each pixel of the image. All PEs run synchronously at 40 MHz. The identification of electron circles is done by correlating the detector image with the proper circle circumference. Circle centers are found by peak detection in the correlation result. A second correlation with a circle disc allows circles of closed electron pairs to be rejected. The trigger decision is generated if a pseudo adder detects at least two remaining circles. The device is controlled by a freely programmable sequencer. A VLSI chip containing 8 x 8 PEs is being developed using a VENUS design system and will be produced in 2μ CMOS technology.

Circles South East: the first 10 years 2002-2012.

PubMed

Bates, Andrew; Williams, Dominic; Wilson, Chris; Wilson, Robin J

2014-07-01

This article describes the first 10 years of the implementation of Circles of Support and Accountability (Circles) in the management of sexual offenders in South-East England by Circles South East (CSE). The Circles of 71 core members are reviewed in detail, with reference to demographic data, offense and sentencing histories, risk assessment data, and considerations regarding Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements. A group of 71 comparison subjects who were referred to CSE and deemed suitable for but did not receive the service was identified. Follow-up behaviors of both groups are examined (including all forms of reconviction, breach of orders, and prison recall). Over a comparable follow-up period of 55 months, the incidence of violent and contact sexual reconviction in the comparison group was significantly higher than for the Circles cohort. Comparisons are made between expected and actual levels of sexual reconviction, with the Circles cohort showing lower than expected rate of sexual reconviction but not to a statistically significant degree. © The Author(s) 2013.

Wear simulation of apex seal in rotary engine under mixed lubrication

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Hanying; Zuo, Zhengxing; Liu, Jinxiang

2018-05-01

In this work, the wear of apex seal's running face under mixed lubrication is studied. Numerical simulation is carried out by employing the couple model of Reynolds equation, Greenwood and Tripp model and Archard's wear law. The simulation is performed both for one circle and multi circle. In the multi circle simulation, the change of contact position due to wear is considered. A method that is able to find the new contact position based on the updated apex seal's contour profile is proposed, validated and used. The result of multi circle simulation indicates that contact position changes obviously around the maximum swing angles both on leading and trailing sides with the increase number of circles. The wear depth distribution becomes more uniform with the increase of operation circle number.

Algebraic criteria for positive realness relative to the unit circle.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Siljak, D. D.

1973-01-01

A definition is presented of the circle positive realness of real rational functions relative to the unit circle in the complex variable plane. The problem of testing this kind of positive reality is reduced to the algebraic problem of determining the distribution of zeros of a real polynomial with respect to and on the unit circle. Such reformulation of the problem avoids the search for explicit information about imaginary poles of rational functions. The stated algebraic problem is solved by applying the polynomial criteria of Marden (1966) and Jury (1964), and a completely recursive algorithm for circle positive realness is obtained.

Influence of off-great-circle propagation of Rayleigh waves on event-based surface wave tomography in Northeast China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Haopeng; Ni, Sidao; Chu, Risheng; Chong, Jiajun; Liu, Zhikun; Zhu, Liangbao

2018-05-01

Surface waves are generally assumed to propagate along great-circle paths in most surface-wave tomography. However, when lateral heterogeneity is strong, off-great-circle propagation may occur and deteriorate surface wave tomography results based on the great-circle assumption. In this study, we used teleseismic waveforms recorded by the NECESSArray in Northeast China to study off-great-circle propagation of Rayleigh waves using the beamforming method and evaluated the influence of off-great-circle propagation on event-based surface wave tomography. The results show that arrival angle anomalies generally increase with decreasing period. The arrival angle anomalies at 60 and 50 s periods are smaller than that at 40 and 30 s periods, which indicates that the off-great-circle propagation is relatively weak for longer periods. At 30 s period, the arrival angle anomalies are relatively larger and some of the measurements can exceed 20°, which represents a strong off-great-circle propagation effect. In some areas, the arrival angle anomalies of adjacent events differ significantly, which may be attributed to multipathing propagation of surface waves. To evaluate the influence of off-great-circle propagation on event-based surface wave tomography, we used measured arrival angle anomalies to correct two-station phase velocity measurements, and performed azimuthal anisotropy tomography using dispersion datasets with and without the arrival angle correction. At longer periods, such as 60 s, the influence of off-great-circle propagation on surface wave tomography is weak even though the corrected model has better data fit than the uncorrected model. However, the influence of off-great-circle propagation is non-negligible at short periods. The tomography results at 30 s period show that the differences in phase velocity, the strength of anisotropy and the fast direction can be as large as 1.5 per cent, 1.0 per cent and 30°, respectively. Furthermore, the corrected phase velocity is systematically lower than that without correction. This study illustrates the necessity of studying the off-great-circle propagation of surface waves to improve the accuracy of event-based surface wave tomography, especially for shorter periods.

Neutron apparatus for measuring strain in composites

DOEpatents

Kupperman, David S.; Majumdar, Saurindranath; Faber, Jr., John F.; Singh, J. P.

1990-01-01

A method and apparatus for orienting a pulsed neutron source and a multi-angle diffractometer toward a sample of a ceramic-matrix or metal-matrix composite so that the measurement of internal strain (from which stress is calculated) is reduced to uncomplicated time-of-flight measurements.

A Neutron Diffractometer for a Long Pulsed Neutron Source

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sokol, Paul; Wang, Cailin

Long pulsed neutron sources are being actively developed as small university based sources and are being considered for the next generation of high powered sources, such as the European Neutron Source (ESS) and the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) second target station. New instrumentation concepts will be required to effectively utilize the full spectrum of neutrons generated by these sources. Neutron diffractometers, which utilize time-of-flight (TOF) techniques for wavelength resolution, are particularly problematic. We describe an instrument for a long pulsed source that provides resolution comparable to that obtained on short pulsed sources without the need of long incident flight paths. We accomplish this by utilizing high speed choppers to impose a time structure on the spectrum of incident neutrons. By strategically positioning these choppers the response matrix assumes a convenient form that can be deconvoluted from the measured TOF spectrum to produce the diffraction pattern of the sample. We compare the performance of this instrument to other possible diffraction instruments that could be utilized on a long pulsed source.

Modeling of the focusing device and the elliptical neutron guide for the DN-6 diffractometer at IBR-2 reactor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belushkin, A. V.; Manoshin, S. A.; Kozlenko, D. P.; Kichanov, S. E.

2018-06-01

Possible options for modernization of the neutron beam forming system of the DN-6 diffractometer for the study of crystal and magnetic structures of microsamples at high pressures are being considered. It was demonstrated that for samples with the cross-section not exceeding 5 × 5 mm2 the most efficient option would be the use of an elliptical neutron guide. It allows to deliver neutrons for large distances from the source to samples with minimal losses using, as a rule, just one neutron reflection per dimension i.e. one at a side and one at top or bottom. For the present moment due to technical difficulties of such option realization, the simplified solution was proposed. At the end of the curved neutron guide it is planned to install a vertical plane focusing 7-meter-long parabolic section. Such a modernization will increase the neutron flux at the sample by a factor 1.5-3.5 and reduce respectively the typical measurement times.

Development of a cryogenic load frame for the neutron diffractometer at Takumi in Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jin, Xinzhe; Nakamoto, Tatsushi; Harjo, Stefanus; Hemmi, Tsutomu; Umeno, Takahiro; Ogitsu, Toru; Yamamoto, Akira; Sugano, Michinaka; Aizawa, Kazuya; Abe, Jun; Gong, Wu; Iwahashi, Takaaki

2013-06-01

To prepare for projects such as the Large Hadron Collider upgrade, International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and Demonstration reactor, it is important to form a clear understanding of stress-strain properties of the materials that make up superconducting magnets. Thus, we have been studying the mechanical properties of superconducting wires using neutron diffraction measurements. To simulate operational conditions such as temperature, stress, and strain, we developed a cryogenic load frame for stress-strain measurements of materials using a neutron diffractometer at Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) Takumi beam line. The maximum load that can be applied to a sample using an external driving machine is 50 kN. Using a Gifford-MacMahon cryocooler, samples can be measured down to temperatures below 10 K when loaded. In the present paper, we describe the details of the cryogenic load frame with its test results by using type-304 stainless steel wire.

Hippo/crates-in-situ deformation strain and testure studies using neutron time-of-flight diffraction.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vogel, S. C.; Hartig, C.; Brissier, T. D.

2005-01-01

In situ deformation studies by diffraction allow studying of deformation mechanisms and provide valuable data to validate and improve deformation models. In particular, deformation studies using time-of-flight neutrons provide averages over large numbers of grains and allow to probing the response of lattice planes parallel and perpendicular to the applied load simultaneously. In this paper we describe the load-frame CRATES, designed for the HIPPO neutron time-of-flight diffractometer at LANSCE. The HIPPO/CRATES combination allows probing up to 20 diffraction vectors simultaneously and provides rotation of the sample in the beam while under load. With this, deformation texture, i.e. the change ofmore » grain orientation due to plastic deformation, or strain pole figures may be measured. We report initial results of a validation experiment, comparing deformation of a Zircaloy specimen measured using the NPD neutron diffractometer with results obtained for the same material using HIPPO/CRATES.« less

A furnace with rotating load frame for in situ high temperature deformation and creep experiments in a neutron diffraction beam line

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Reiche, H. M.; New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003; Vogel, S. C.

2012-05-15

A resistive furnace combined with a load frame was built that allows for in situ neutron diffraction studies of high temperature deformation, in particular, creep. A maximum force of 2700 N can be applied at temperatures up to 1000 deg. C. A load control mode permits studies of, e.g., creep or phase transformations under applied uni-axial stress. In position control, a range of high temperature deformation experiments can be achieved. The examined specimen can be rotated up to 80 deg. around the vertical compression axis allowing texture measurements in the neutron time-of-flight diffractometer HIPPO (High Pressure - Preferred Orientation). Wemore » present results from the successful commissioning, deforming a Zr-2.5 wt.% Nb cylinder at 975 deg. C. The device is now available for the user program of the HIPPO diffractometer at the LANSCE (Los Alamos Neutron Science Center) user facility.« less

Development of a cryogenic load frame for the neutron diffractometer at Takumi in Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jin, Xinzhe; Nakamoto, Tatsushi; Ogitsu, Toru

2013-06-15

To prepare for projects such as the Large Hadron Collider upgrade, International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and Demonstration reactor, it is important to form a clear understanding of stress-strain properties of the materials that make up superconducting magnets. Thus, we have been studying the mechanical properties of superconducting wires using neutron diffraction measurements. To simulate operational conditions such as temperature, stress, and strain, we developed a cryogenic load frame for stress-strain measurements of materials using a neutron diffractometer at Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) Takumi beam line. The maximum load that can be applied to a sample using an externalmore » driving machine is 50 kN. Using a Gifford-MacMahon cryocooler, samples can be measured down to temperatures below 10 K when loaded. In the present paper, we describe the details of the cryogenic load frame with its test results by using type-304 stainless steel wire.« less

Development of a cryogenic load frame for the neutron diffractometer at Takumi in Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex.

PubMed

Jin, Xinzhe; Nakamoto, Tatsushi; Harjo, Stefanus; Hemmi, Tsutomu; Umeno, Takahiro; Ogitsu, Toru; Yamamoto, Akira; Sugano, Michinaka; Aizawa, Kazuya; Abe, Jun; Gong, Wu; Iwahashi, Takaaki

2013-06-01

To prepare for projects such as the Large Hadron Collider upgrade, International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and Demonstration reactor, it is important to form a clear understanding of stress-strain properties of the materials that make up superconducting magnets. Thus, we have been studying the mechanical properties of superconducting wires using neutron diffraction measurements. To simulate operational conditions such as temperature, stress, and strain, we developed a cryogenic load frame for stress-strain measurements of materials using a neutron diffractometer at Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) Takumi beam line. The maximum load that can be applied to a sample using an external driving machine is 50 kN. Using a Gifford-MacMahon cryocooler, samples can be measured down to temperatures below 10 K when loaded. In the present paper, we describe the details of the cryogenic load frame with its test results by using type-304 stainless steel wire.

Rolling-circle amplification under topological constraints

PubMed Central

Kuhn, Heiko; Demidov, Vadim V.; Frank-Kamenetskii, Maxim D.

2002-01-01

We have performed rolling-circle amplification (RCA) reactions on three DNA templates that differ distinctly in their topology: an unlinked DNA circle, a linked DNA circle within a pseudorotaxane-type structure and a linked DNA circle within a catenane. In the linked templates, the single-stranded circle (dubbed earring probe) is threaded, with the aid of two peptide nucleic acid openers, between the two strands of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). We have found that the RCA efficiency of amplification was essentially unaffected when the linked templates were employed. By showing that the DNA catenane remains intact after RCA reactions, we prove that certain DNA polymerases can carry out the replicative synthesis under topological constraints allowing detection of several hundred copies of a dsDNA marker without DNA denaturation. Our finding may have practical implications in the area of DNA diagnostics. PMID:11788721

Quality Control in construction.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-01-01

behavioral scientists. In 1962, Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa gave shape to the form of training which featured intradepartmental groups of ten or so workers seated...and Japanese circles bears closer scrutiny. 4.3.1 Japanese Ingredients of Quality The founder of quality circles, Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa , gives six...around 51 a table; hence the name Quality Control Circle. 4 Dr. 0 Ishikawa was an engineering professor at Tokyo University, and the circles were

Circle of influence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Robinson, Andrew

2018-04-01

The founder of the Vienna Circle – a polymathic and influential group of intellectuals dedicated to the philosophy of science from the late 1920s until the Nazi takeover of Austria in 1938 – was German philosopher and physicist Moritz Schlick. Karl Sigmund's latest book – Exact Thinking in Demented Times: the Vienna Circle and the Epic Quest for the Foundations of Science – tells the story of the Vienna Circle's ideas and personalities.

Calculation of Latitude and Longitude for Points on Perimeter of a Circle on a Sphere

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Morris, Heidi E.

2015-08-14

This document describes the calculation of the Earth-Centered Earth Fixed (ECEF) coordinates for points lying on the perimeter of a circle. Here, the perimeter of the circle lies on the surface of the sphere and the center of the planar circle is below the surface. These coordinates are converted to latitude and longitude for mapping fields on the surface of the earth.

Empirical Evaluation of Different Feature Representations for Social Circles Detection

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-16

study and compare the performance on the available labelled Facebook data from the Kaggle competition on learning social circles in networks . We...Kaggle competition on learning social circles in networks [5]. The data consist of hand- labelled friendship egonets from Facebook and a set of 57...16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: Social circles detection is a special case of community detection in social network that is currently attracting a

Practical Environmental Education and Local Contribution in the Environmental Science Laboratory Circle in the College of Science and Technology in Nihon University

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Taniai, Tetsuyuki; Ito, Ken-Ichi; Sakamaki, Hiroshi

In this paper, we presented a method and knowledge about a practical and project management education and local contribution obtained through the student activities of “Environmental science laboratory circle in the College of Science and technology in Nihon University” from 1991 to 2001. In this circle, four major projects were acted such as research, protection, clean up and enlightenment projects. Due to some problems from inside or outside of this circle, this circle projects have been stopped. The diffusion and popularization of the internet technology will help to resolve some of these problems.

Numerical Grid Generation. Proceedings of a Symposium on the Numerical Generation of Curvilinear Coordinate Systems and their Use in the Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations, held April 1982, Nashville, Tennessee

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-04-01

the transformation 2 1 V I " |€ , (22) 121 I which transforms a unit circle in the Z plane to a unit upper half ...circle (and to the real axis from -1. to 1.) in the 4 plane as illustrated in Fig. 6. I Zpbns rpIUII A A , FIGURE 6. , CIRCLE TO HALF CIRCLE MAPPING The ...an airfoil, or inlet, etc. ... ) to a rectangle (or equivalently to a circle or half plane ). The cumputing time required for this step is

The development of spinal cord anatomy.

PubMed

Pearce, J M S

2008-01-01

A panel illustrating spinal cord injury in The Dying Lioness in the British Museum dates to 650 BC. This paper outlines the subsequent progression of knowledge of the anatomy of the spinal cord. The animal dissections of Galen are considered because his deductions persisted through the Dark Ages until the late 18th century. Anatomy advanced gradually to yield discoveries of the complex tracts and grey matter elements of the cord and their functions. Amongst many distinguished exponents, the works of Blasius, Huber, Vicq d'Azyr and Stilling are emphasised. (c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel

Annual Gaseous Electronics Conference (38th) Held at Monterey, California on 15-18 October 1985. Program and Abstracts.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-10-18

al and CB- 8 PLASMA-SHEATH STRUCTURE FOR AN t GM ELECTRODE CONTACTING AN ISOTHERMAL CA-17 SYNCHROTRON STUDIES OF COLLISION PLASMA: I. FORMULATION AND...77, 817 (1982). 25 S.2’ CA CA-17 Synchrotron Studies of Collision Induced Absorp- tion and Emission in 12 and IC. D. C. LORENTS, AND R. L. SHARPLESS...Aiken June 1954 Gardner, Milton Eugene June 1937 Huber, Elsa Louise June 1954 Bowls, Noodford Eugene Nov. 1937 Maunsell. Charles Dudley Jan. 1955 Chapman

Component analysis and synthesis of dark circles under the eyes using a spectral image

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akaho, Rina; Hirose, Misa; Ojima, Nobutoshi; Igarashi, Takanori; Tsumura, Norimichi

2017-02-01

This paper proposes to apply nonlinear estimation of chromophore concentrations: melanin, oxy-hemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin and shading to the real hyperspectral image of skin. Skin reflectance is captured in the wavelengths between 400nm and 700nm by hyperspectral scanner. Five-band wavelengths data are selected from skin reflectance. By using the cubic function which obtained by Monte Carlo simulation of light transport in multi-layered tissue, chromophore concentrations and shading are determined by minimize residual sum of squares of reflectance. When dark circles are appeared under the eyes, the subject looks tired and older. Therefore, woman apply cosmetic cares to remove dark circles. It is not clear about the relationship between color and chromophores distribution in the dark circles. Here, we applied the separation method of the skin four components to hyperspectral image of dark circle, and the separated components are modulated and synthesized. The synthesized images are evaluated to know which components are contributed into the appearance of dark circles. Result of the evaluation shows that the cause of dark circles for the one subject was mainly melanin pigmentation.

Traffic Circle Model

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1971-05-01

The report describes a dynamic model of a traffic circle which has been implemented on a CRT display terminal. The model includes sufficient parameters to allow changes in the structure of the traffic circle, the frequency of traffic introduced to th...

Can the Expanding Circle Own English? Comments on Yoo's "Nonnative Teachers in the Expanding Circle and the Ownership of English"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ren, Wei

2014-01-01

Yoo's (2014) article raises a number of questions concerning local teachers' status and the ownership of English in the Expanding Circle. In this article, I address five issues that I see as most important relating to the ownership of English and empowering local teachers in the Expanding Circle. I provide up-to-date evidence of World…

Circles of Support and Accountability for Sex Offenders: A Systematic Review of Outcomes.

PubMed

Clarke, Martin; Brown, Susan; Völlm, Birgit

2017-08-01

We conducted a systematic review of studies reporting on the effectiveness of Circles of Support and Accountability (Circles). Circles use volunteers to provide support for sex offenders living in the community. We searched 10 databases up to the end of 2013 and identified 3 relevant outcome studies. An additional 12 papers or reports were identified by searching reference lists, Google, and contacting key authors and Circles providers to obtain unpublished data. These 15 studies comprised one randomized controlled trial, three retrospective cohorts with matched controls, and 11 case series. The majority reported measures of recidivism, particularly reconviction. The 4 studies with controls generally reported that participation in Circles was associated with lower recidivism although there were few statistically significant differences. Few studies examined changes in risk or psychosocial outcomes. A number of methodological issues are discussed. Longer term, prospective follow-up studies with control groups are required to address these issues.

Crystallization behavior of polyamide-6 microcellular nanocomposites

Treesearch

Mingjun Yuan; Lih-Sheng Turng; Shaoqin Gong; Andreas Winardi

2004-09-01

The crystallization behaviors of polyamide-6 (PA-6) and its nanocomposites undergoing the microcellular injection molding process are studied using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The relationships among the morphology, the mechanical property of the...

POWTEX Neutron Diffractometer at FRM II - New Perspectives for In-Situ Rock Deformation Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walter, J. M.; Stipp, M.; Ullemeyer, K.; Klein, H.; Leiss, B.; Hansen, B. T.; Kuhs, W. F.

2012-04-01

In Geoscience quantitative texture analysis here defined as the quantitative analysis of the crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO), is a common tool for the investigation of fabric development in mono- and polyphase rocks, their deformation histories and kinematics. Bulk texture measurements also allow the quantitative characterisation of the anisotropic physical properties of rock materials. A routine tool to measure bulk sample volumes is neutron texture diffraction, as neutrons have large penetration capabilities of several cm in geological sample materials. The new POWTEX (POWder and TEXture) Diffractometer at the neutron research reactor FRM II in Garching, Germany is designed as a high-intensity diffractometer by groups from the RWTH Aachen, Forschungszentrum Jülich and the University of Göttingen. Complementary to existing neutron diffractometers (SKAT at Dubna, Russia; GEM at ISIS, UK; HIPPO at Los Alamos, USA; D20 at ILL, France; and the local STRESS-SPEC and SPODI at FRM II) the layout of POWTEX is focused on fast time-resolved experiments and the measurement of larger sample series as necessary for the study of large scale geological structures. POWTEX is a dedicated beam line for geoscientific research. Effective texture measurements without sample tilting and rotation are possible firstly by utilizing a range of neutron wavelengths simultaneously (Time-of-Flight technique) and secondly by the high detector coverage (9.8 sr) and a high flux (~1 - 107 n/cm2s) at the sample. Furthermore the instrument and the angular detector resolution is designed also for strong recrystallisation textures as well as for weak textures of polyphase rocks. These instrument characteristics allow in-situ time-resolved texture measurements during deformation experiments on rocksalt, ice and other materials as large sample environments will be implemented at POWTEX. The in-situ deformation apparatus is operated by a uniaxial spindle drive with a maximum axial load of 250 kN, which will be redesigned to minimize shadowing effects inside the cylindrical detector. The HT deformatione experiments will be carried out in uniaxial compression or extension and an upgrade to triaxial deformation conditions is envisaged. The load frame can alternatively be used for ice deformation by inserting a cryostat cell for temperatures down to 77 K with a triaxial apparatus allowing also simple shear experiments on ice. Strain rates range between 10-8 and 10-3 s-1 reaching to at least 50 % axial strain. The deformation apparatus is designed for continuous long-term deformation experiments and can be exchanged between in-situ and ex-situ placements during continuous operation inside and outside the neutron detector.

Fine-scale Patterns in Thaw Depth, Micro-relief, and Ground Cover on Non-sorted Circles and Small Patterned Ground Features Along a Climatic Gradient From Low to High Arctic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Okie, J.; Gould, W. A.; González, G.

2006-12-01

Patterned ground is a ubiquitous feature in the Arctic and the related variation in microtopographic relief strongly affects biotic and abiotic patterns and processes. Patterned ground features are polygenic in origin and are often found superimposed in a complex pattern of multiple features. We investigated the relationship between thaw depth, micro-relief, the cover of vascular, bryophyte, cryptogamic crust and bare ground along transects traversing non-sorted circles and small non-sorted polygons at 8 research sites along a climatic gradient in bioclimatic subzones A-E in the North American Arctic. Non-sorted circles are the result of differential frost heave with circle centers typically showing greater heave during freezing than inter circle areas. Differential heave is a function of climate, soil texture, soil moisture, and vegetation cover. Differential heave and subsidence creates fine-scale gradients in microtopography that affect soil moisture, exposure to winds, and development of vegetation and soils. Non-sorted circles typically range from 20 to 200 cm in diameter and are most common in subzones C-E. Often superimposed on these features are the development of small non-sorted polygons 10-30 cm in diameter, and fine-scale desiccation cracking at a scale of less than 10 cm. These are most common in subzones A-C. We established three 20 m transects in zonal vegetation at each site. Thaw depth, micro-relief, and ground cover were measured at 10 cm intervals along each transect. Additionally, we measured vascular plant beta diversity in a set of 25 x 25 cm quadrates on 15 circles and 15 inter circles at each site. The resulting pattern of thaw depth and micro-relief is correlated with both summer temperatures and vegetation cover. The variability and degree of micro-relief decrease from the Low to the High Arctic. Non-sorted circle centers had deeper active layer than inter circle areas along the gradient. Thaw depths increase linearly with the degree of bare ground and nonlinearly with summer warmth. This unimodal pattern of shallower active layer at the warmest and coldest sites is due to the interaction of climate and the insulating vegetation layer. Greatest thaw depths are found on bare non-sorted circles in subzone C. Beta diversity is greatest in subzone D, where vegetated inter circle areas differ markedly from more barren non- sorted circles.

Microwave Diffraction Techniques from Macroscopic Crystal Models

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murray, William Henry

1974-01-01

Discusses the construction of a diffractometer table and four microwave models which are built of styrofoam balls with implanted metallic reflecting spheres and designed to simulate the structures of carbon (graphite structure), sodium chloride, tin oxide, and palladium oxide. Included are samples of Bragg patterns and computer-analysis results.…

A hint of Poincaré dodecahedral topology in the WMAP first year sky map

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roukema, B. F.; Lew, B.; Cechowska, M.; Marecki, A.; Bajtlik, S.

2004-09-01

It has recently been suggested by Luminet et al. (\\cite{LumNat03}) that the WMAP data are better matched by a geometry in which the topology is that of a Poincaré dodecahedral model and the curvature is ``slightly'' spherical, rather than by an (effectively) infinite flat model. A general back-to-back matched circles analysis by Cornish et al. (\\cite{CSSK03}) for angular radii in the range 25-90 °, using a correlation statistic for signal detection, failed to support this. In this paper, a matched circles analysis specifically designed to detect dodecahedral patterns of matched circles is performed over angular radii in the range 1-40\\ddeg on the one-year WMAP data. Signal detection is attempted via a correlation statistic and an rms difference statistic. Extreme value distributions of these statistics are calculated for one orientation of the 36\\ddeg ``screw motion'' (Clifford translation) when matching circles, for the opposite screw motion, and for a zero (unphysical) rotation. The most correlated circles appear for circle radii of \\alpha =11 ± 1 \\ddeg, for the left-handed screw motion, but not for the right-handed one, nor for the zero rotation. The favoured six dodecahedral face centres in galactic coordinates are (\\lII,\\bII) ≈ (252\\ddeg,+65\\ddeg), (51\\ddeg,+51\\ddeg), (144\\ddeg,+38\\ddeg), (207\\ddeg,+10\\ddeg), (271\\ddeg,+3\\ddeg), (332\\ddeg,+25\\ddeg) and their opposites. The six pairs of circles independently each favour a circle angular radius of 11 ± 1\\ddeg. The temperature fluctuations along the matched circles are plotted and are clearly highly correlated. Whether or not these six circle pairs centred on dodecahedral faces match via a 36\\ddeg rotation only due to unexpected statistical properties of the WMAP ILC map, or whether they match due to global geometry, it is clear that the WMAP ILC map has some unusual statistical properties which mimic a potentially interesting cosmological signal.

[Comprehensive implementation of interprofessional quality circles regarding early prevention of childhood disadvantage in Baden Württemberg (Germany)].

PubMed

Siebolds, Marcus; Münzel, Brigitte; Müller, Roland; Häußermann, Sigrun; Paul, Mechthild; Kahl, Cornelia

2016-10-01

The integration of available early interventions and healthcare for families with children by practicing pediatricians has yet to be systematically established. For this reason, the Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians of Baden-Wuerttemberg established overarching, accredited, cross-system quality circles that serve to integrate all representatives of the healthcare system as well as child and youth welfare services. These quality circles are led by specially trained moderator tandems consisting of pediatricians and staff members from youth welfare services. The goal was to evaluate the endpoints of the regional implementation of cross-system quality circles for early interventions in the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg as well as the feasibility of establishing long-term training programs for cross-system moderator tandems. This was a noncontrolled, longitudinal study to prepare a yearly evaluation of the quality-circle assessments as well as to gather statistics on the training of the moderator tandems within the Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians of Baden-Wuerttemberg. A total of 59 moderator tandems were trained in nine separate training sessions within the project period from 2011 to 2015. Overall, 33 quality circles were founded. In 2015, 566 persons were participating in the respective circles. Over the course of the study between 26 and 33 of the 44 urban and rural districts in the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg had at least one quality circle dedicated to early interventions. Ten further circles are presently in the process of being founded; 29 moderators have yet to commence their activity or have withdrawn from the program. Between 59 and 81 % of the urban and rural districts implemented cross-system quality circles. The training of the moderator tandems proceeded without complications. Because of the dropout quota of the trained moderator tandems, systematic and continual training of new tandems proves to be necessary.

Models to support students’ understanding of measuring area of circles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rejeki, S.; Putri, R. I. I.

2018-01-01

Many studies showed that enormous students got confused about the concepts of measuring area of circles. The main reason is because mathematics classroom practices emphasized on memorizing formulas rather than understanding concepts. Therefore, in this study, a set of learning activities were designed as an innovation in learning area measurement of circles. The activities involved two models namely grid paper and reshaping which are respectively as a means and a strategy to support students’ learning of area measurement of circles. Design research was used as the research approach to achieve the aim. Thirty-eight of 8th graders in Indonesia were involved in this study. In this study, together with the contextual problems, the grid paper and reshaping sectors, which used as the models in this learning, helped the students to gradually develop their understanding of the area measurement of circles. The grid papers plays important role in comparing and estimating areas. Whereas, the reshaping sectors might support students’ understanding of the circumference and the area measurement of circles. Those two models could be the tool for promoting the informal theory of area measurement. Besides, the whole activities gave important role on distinguishing the area and perimeter of circles.

Quality Circles: A Corporate Strategy Applied in a Student Services Setting.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Steele, Brenton H.; And Others

1987-01-01

Discusses the historical and conceptual framework of quality circles, presents a brief case history of circles initiated by the University of Maryland Office of Admissions, and provides a summary of implications. Emphasizes implications for student affairs administrators. (Author/ABB)

Wind Factor Simulation Model: User’s Manual.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-04-01

computer program documentation; com- puterized simulation; equivalent headwind technique; great circle; great circle distance; great circle equation ; great... equation of a great circle. Program listing and flow chart are included. iv UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(WIh.n Date EnItrd) USER’S...THE EQUATOR . 336 C 337 NTRIFG = 0 338 C 339 C END OF FUNCTION ICONV I 1. RETURN TO MAIN PROGRAM . 340 C 42 341 RETURN 34? C 343 C 344 C 345 C * PART II

Normalized cDNA libraries

DOEpatents

Soares, Marcelo B.; Efstratiadis, Argiris

1997-01-01

This invention provides a method to normalize a directional cDNA library constructed in a vector that allows propagation in single-stranded circle form comprising: (a) propagating the directional cDNA library in single-stranded circles; (b) generating fragments complementary to the 3' noncoding sequence of the single-stranded circles in the library to produce partial duplexes; (c) purifying the partial duplexes; (d) melting and reassociating the purified partial duplexes to moderate Cot; and (e) purifying the unassociated single-stranded circles, thereby generating a normalized cDNA library.

Normalized cDNA libraries

DOEpatents

Soares, M.B.; Efstratiadis, A.

1997-06-10

This invention provides a method to normalize a directional cDNA library constructed in a vector that allows propagation in single-stranded circle form comprising: (a) propagating the directional cDNA library in single-stranded circles; (b) generating fragments complementary to the 3{prime} noncoding sequence of the single-stranded circles in the library to produce partial duplexes; (c) purifying the partial duplexes; (d) melting and reassociating the purified partial duplexes to moderate Cot; and (e) purifying the unassociated single-stranded circles, thereby generating a normalized cDNA library. 4 figs.

Signal-Preserving Erratic Noise Attenuation via Iterative Robust Sparsity-Promoting Filter

DOE PAGES

Zhao, Qiang; Du, Qizhen; Gong, Xufei; ...

2018-04-06

Sparse domain thresholding filters operating in a sparse domain are highly effective in removing Gaussian random noise under Gaussian distribution assumption. Erratic noise, which designates non-Gaussian noise that consists of large isolated events with known or unknown distribution, also needs to be explicitly taken into account. However, conventional sparse domain thresholding filters based on the least-squares (LS) criterion are severely sensitive to data with high-amplitude and non-Gaussian noise, i.e., the erratic noise, which makes the suppression of this type of noise extremely challenging. Here, in this paper, we present a robust sparsity-promoting denoising model, in which the LS criterion ismore » replaced by the Huber criterion to weaken the effects of erratic noise. The random and erratic noise is distinguished by using a data-adaptive parameter in the presented method, where random noise is described by mean square, while the erratic noise is downweighted through a damped weight. Different from conventional sparse domain thresholding filters, definition of the misfit between noisy data and recovered signal via the Huber criterion results in a nonlinear optimization problem. With the help of theoretical pseudoseismic data, an iterative robust sparsity-promoting filter is proposed to transform the nonlinear optimization problem into a linear LS problem through an iterative procedure. The main advantage of this transformation is that the nonlinear denoising filter can be solved by conventional LS solvers. Lastly, tests with several data sets demonstrate that the proposed denoising filter can successfully attenuate the erratic noise without damaging useful signal when compared with conventional denoising approaches based on the LS criterion.« less

Signal-Preserving Erratic Noise Attenuation via Iterative Robust Sparsity-Promoting Filter

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhao, Qiang; Du, Qizhen; Gong, Xufei

Sparse domain thresholding filters operating in a sparse domain are highly effective in removing Gaussian random noise under Gaussian distribution assumption. Erratic noise, which designates non-Gaussian noise that consists of large isolated events with known or unknown distribution, also needs to be explicitly taken into account. However, conventional sparse domain thresholding filters based on the least-squares (LS) criterion are severely sensitive to data with high-amplitude and non-Gaussian noise, i.e., the erratic noise, which makes the suppression of this type of noise extremely challenging. Here, in this paper, we present a robust sparsity-promoting denoising model, in which the LS criterion ismore » replaced by the Huber criterion to weaken the effects of erratic noise. The random and erratic noise is distinguished by using a data-adaptive parameter in the presented method, where random noise is described by mean square, while the erratic noise is downweighted through a damped weight. Different from conventional sparse domain thresholding filters, definition of the misfit between noisy data and recovered signal via the Huber criterion results in a nonlinear optimization problem. With the help of theoretical pseudoseismic data, an iterative robust sparsity-promoting filter is proposed to transform the nonlinear optimization problem into a linear LS problem through an iterative procedure. The main advantage of this transformation is that the nonlinear denoising filter can be solved by conventional LS solvers. Lastly, tests with several data sets demonstrate that the proposed denoising filter can successfully attenuate the erratic noise without damaging useful signal when compared with conventional denoising approaches based on the LS criterion.« less

Allocation to leaf area and sapwood area affects water relations of co-occurring savanna and forest trees.

PubMed

Gotsch, Sybil G; Geiger, Erika L; Franco, Augusto C; Goldstein, Guillermo; Meinzer, Frederick C; Hoffmann, William A

2010-06-01

Water availability is a principal factor limiting the distribution of closed-canopy forest in the seasonal tropics, suggesting that forest tree species may not be well adapted to cope with seasonal drought. We studied 11 congeneric species pairs, each containing one forest and one savanna species, to test the hypothesis that forest trees have a lower capacity to maintain seasonal homeostasis in water relations relative to savanna species. To quantify this, we measured sap flow, leaf water potential (Psi(L)), stomatal conductance (g (s)), wood density, and Huber value (sapwood area:leaf area) of the 22 study species. We found significant differences in the water relations of these two species types. Leaf area specific hydraulic conductance of the soil/root/leaf pathway (G (t)) was greater for savanna species than forest species. The lower G (t) of forest trees resulted in significantly lower Psi(L) and g (s) in the late dry season relative to savanna trees. The differences in G (t) can be explained by differences in biomass allocation of savanna and forest trees. Savanna species had higher Huber values relative to forest species, conferring greater transport capacity on a leaf area basis. Forest trees have a lower capacity to maintain homeostasis in Psi(L) due to greater allocation to leaf area relative to savanna species. Despite significant differences in water relations, relationships between traits such as wood density and minimum Psi(L) were indistinguishable for the two species groups, indicating that forest and savanna share a common axis of water-use strategies involving multiple traits.

Branch age and light conditions determine leaf-area-specific conductivity in current shoots of Scots pine.

PubMed

Grönlund, Leila; Hölttä, Teemu; Mäkelä, Annikki

2016-08-01

Shoot size and other shoot properties more or less follow the availability of light, but there is also evidence that the topological position in a tree crown has an influence on shoot development. Whether the hydraulic properties of new shoots are more regulated by the light or the position affects the shoot acclimation to changing light conditions and thereby to changing evaporative demand. We investigated the leaf-area-specific conductivity (and its components sapwood-specific conductivity and Huber value) of the current-year shoots of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in relation to light environment and topological position in three different tree classes. The light environment was quantified in terms of simulated transpiration and the topological position was quantified by parent branch age. Sample shoot measurements included length, basal and tip diameter, hydraulic conductivity of the shoot, tracheid area and density, and specific leaf area. In our results, the leaf-area-specific conductivity of new shoots declined with parent branch age and increased with simulated transpiration rate of the shoot. The relation to transpiration demand seemed more decisive, since it gave higher R(2) values than branch age and explained the differences between the tree classes. The trend of leaf-area-specific conductivity with simulated transpiration was closely related to Huber value, whereas the trend of leaf-area-specific conductivity with parent branch age was related to a similar trend in sapwood-specific conductivity. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Developing learning trajectory on the circumference of a cycle with realistic mathematics education (RME)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Indriani, Novi; Julie, Hongki

2017-08-01

According Nuranisa, the students' difficulties on a lesson about the circumference of a circle were to understand the concept of what was the circumference of a circle and solve problems associated with the circumference of a circle [8]. According Nuranisa, this is because the teacher only gives a formula to find the circumference of a circle without helping students to construct the formula [8]. The purposes of this study were (1) to develop the hypothetical learning trajectory (HLT) for the cycle circumference material, (2) to describe the student results from the HLT implementation. The type of research used in this research was the design research developed by Gravemeijer and Cobb (2006). According Gravemeijer and Cobb, the design research was divided into three stages: (1) preparing for the experiment, (2) design experiments, and (3) retrospective analysis [6]. In this study, researchers developed the student learning trajectories which were help students to construct their knowledge about the understanding and how to calculate the circumference of a circle. The context used on the students' learning trajectory was sports and arts event. The learning trajectory has been tried out for 15 grade five students on the Budya Wacana elementary school in Yogyakarta. In this paper, researchers would describe how the learning trajectory traversed students to construct their knowledge about the understanding and how to calculate the circumference of the circle and the student thinking process on the understanding and how to calculate the circumference of a circle. The results showed that students could construct about the understanding of the circumference of a circle and how to calculate the circumference of a circle through the student learning trajectory.

The experience of meaning in circle dance

PubMed Central

Borges da Costa, Ana L.; Cox, Diane L.

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Circle dance, which derives from the tradition of folk dances, is practised worldwide. This article explores the meanings participants attribute to it. In-depth interviews with 39 participants, teachers and coordinators of teacher training programmes from the circle dance network in the United Kingdom were undertaken. Applying a constructivist grounded theory approach, major categories, representing respectively the experiences of circle dance participants, teachers and coordinators, were developed. This article specifically focuses on the first major category, termed “I can't imagine life without it”, which relates to the experience of 22 dancers. From an occupational perspective, the study reveals how participants realise a sense of meaning and satisfaction through engagement in circle dance and the potential contribution of this occupation to well-being. PMID:27366111

Vicious Circles in Organizations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Masuch, Michael

1985-01-01

After examining some elementary notions of action theory and cybernetics, this article analyzes the dynamics, clustering, and survival chances of vicious circles. It argues that the action perspective implies that many structural suboptimalities of organizations are caused by vicious circles. Eleven figures and 105 references are provided. (DCS)

VIEW FROM EAST SIDE OF ELM DRIVE/BIRCH CIRCLE BLOCK, SHOWING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW FROM EAST SIDE OF ELM DRIVE/BIRCH CIRCLE BLOCK, SHOWING SLOPING TOPOGRAPHY. VIEW FACING WEST. - Camp H.M. Smith and Navy Public Works Center Manana Title VII (Capehart) Housing, Intersection of Acacia Road and Brich Circle, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

The Exclusionary Circle Game: A Tool to Promote Critical Dialogue About HIV Stigma and Social Justice.

PubMed

Wong, Josephine Pui; Li, Alan Tai

2015-01-01

The Exclusionary Circle Game was a learning tool developed for an intervention study to address stigma associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and social exclusion. The objectives of The Exclusionary Circle Game were to enhance collective resonance and empathy, promote critical reflection and dialogue, and motivate collective action to address social exclusion. The game began with all participants being inside a circle. Each participant was randomly given one color-coded card. Each card color represented a character with a specific lived experience associated with racism, patriarchy, homophobia, transphobia, HIV stigma, and so on. Participants holding a marginalized status card were asked to leave the circle in sequence and go to designated spaces. Eventually, only one half of the participants were left in the circle. Participants then debriefed about their experiences within the entire group. The game has been used, beyond the intervention study, at research conferences with positive feedback. In this article, we detail the processes, strengths, and possibility of using this game for empowerment education.

Designing worked examples for learning tangent lines to circles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Retnowati, E.; Marissa

2018-03-01

Geometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with shape and space, including the circle. A difficult topic in the circle may be the tangent line to circle. This is considered a complex material since students have to simultaneously apply several principles to solve the problems, these are the property of circle, definition of the tangent, measurement and Pythagorean theorem. This paper discusses designs of worked examples for learning tangent line to circles and how to apply this design to an effective and efficient instructional activity. When students do not have sufficient prior knowledge, solving tangent problems might be clumsy, and as a consequence, the problem-solving activity hinders learning. According to a Cognitive Load Theory, learning occurs when students can construct new knowledge based on the relevant knowledge previously learned. When the relevant knowledge is unavailable, providing students with the worked example is suggested. Worked example may reduce unproductive process during learning that causes extraneous cognitive load. Nevertheless, worked examples must be created in such a way facilitate learning.

Comfortable synchronization of cyclic drawing movements with a metronome.

PubMed

Repp, Bruno H

2011-02-01

Continuous circle drawing is considered a paragon of emergent timing, whereas the timing of finger tapping is said to be event-based. Synchronization with a metronome, however, must to some extent be event-based for both types of movement. Because the target events in the movement trajectory are more poorly defined in circle drawing than in tapping, circle drawing shows more variable asynchronies with a metronome than does tapping. One factor that may have contributed to high variability in past studies is that circle size, drawing direction, and target point were prescribed and perhaps outside the comfort range. In the present study, participants were free to choose most comfortable settings of these parameters for two continuously drawn shapes, circles and infinity signs, while synchronizing with a regular or intermittently perturbed metronome at four different tempi. Results showed that preferred circle sizes were generally smaller than in previous studies but tended to increase as tempo decreased. Synchronization results were similar for circles and infinity signs, and similar to earlier results for circles drawn within a fixed template (Repp & Steinman, 2010). Comparison with tapping data still showed drawing to exhibit much greater variability and persistence of asynchronies as well as slower phase correction in response to phase shifts in the metronome. With comfort level ruled out as a factor, these differences can now be attributed more confidently to differences in event definition and/or movement dynamics. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

What Goes Around Can Come Around: An Unexpected Deleterious Effect of Using Mouse Running Wheels for Environmental Enrichment

PubMed Central

Leduc, Renee Y M; Rauw, Gail; Baker, Glen B; McDermid, Heather E

2017-01-01

Environmental enrichment items such as running wheels can promote the wellbeing of laboratory mice. Growing evidence suggests that wheel running simulates exercise effects in many mouse models of human conditions, but this activity also might change other aspects of mouse behavior. In this case study, we show that the presence of running wheels leads to pronounced and permanent circling behavior with route-tracing in a proportion of the male mice of a genetically distinct cohort. The genetic background of this cohort includes a mutation in Arhgap19, but genetic crosses showed that an unknown second-site mutation likely caused the induced circling behavior. Behavioral tests for inner-ear function indicated a normal sense of gravity in the circling mice. However, the levels of dopamine, serotonin, and some dopamine metabolites were lower in the brains of circling male mice than in mice of the same genetic background that were weaned without wheels. Circling was seen in both singly and socially housed male mice. The additional stress of fighting may have exacerbated the predisposition to circling in the socially housed animals. Singly and socially housed male mice without wheels did not circle. Our current findings highlight the importance and possibly confounding nature of the environmental and genetic background in mouse behavioral studies, given that the circling behavior and alterations in dopamine and serotonin levels in this mouse cohort occurred only when the male mice were housed with running wheels. PMID:28315651

Comprehensibility of Englishes within ASEAN: A Synopsis of Results

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilang, Jeffrey Dawala; Teo, Adisa

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study is to measure the comprehensibility of the Expanding Circle nations' citizens, namely Burmese, Cambodians, Indonesians, Laotians, Thais and Vietnamese towards the Outer Circle Englishes, namely Bruneian English, Malaysian English. Philippine English and Singaporean English. Ten universities in the Expanding Circle that…

Conceptions and Representations: The Circle as an Example.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Janvier, Claude

This paper, which addresses the issue of representation as an internal construct corresponding to an external abstract configuration, attempts to extend A. A. DiSessa's phenomenological primitives to mathematics (particularly to the notion of circle). Various acceptations of the word representation are examined, using the notion of a circle as an…

Exploring Writing Circles as Innovative, Collaborative Writing Structures with Teacher Candidates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roberts, Sherron Killingsworth; Blanch, Norine; Gurjar, Nandita

2017-01-01

Writing circles are "small groups... meeting regularly to share drafts, choose common writing topics, practice positive response, and in general, help each other become better writers" (Vopat, 2009, p. 6). In this exploratory study, writing circles were employed with elementary teacher candidates in hopes of enhancing their perceptions…

The Effect of Literature Circles on Text Analysis and Reading Desire

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karatay, Halit

2017-01-01

In order to make teaching activities more appealing, different techniques and strategies have been constantly employed. This study utilized the strategy of "literature circles" to improve the text-analysis skills, reading desires, and interests of prospective teachers of Turkish. "Literature circles" was not chosen to be used…

Adjusting an electron beam for drilling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Childress, C. L.

1980-01-01

Reticle contains two concentric circles: inner circle insures beam circularity and outer circle is guide to prevent beam from cutting workpiece clamp. Precise measurement of beam and clamp are required with old reticle. New reticle speeds up electron-beam drilling process by eliminating need to rotate eyepiece to make measurements against reticle scale.

Participation and Gender in Circle-Time Situations in Preschool

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Emilson, Anette; Johansson, Eva

2013-01-01

This study sought to investigate participatory values in relation to gender, as expressed in interactions between teachers and children in circle-time situations in Swedish and Norwegian preschools. This paper reports evidence from three research questions: How is children's participation conditioned in circle-time situations? How are…

An Effective Time and Management Strategy in Quality Circles.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Halverson, Don E.

Contending that participation in quality circles enhances effective time management by school administrators and teachers, this guide provides both a theoretical briefing and practical recommendations for better time management. A pre- posttest prefaces a review of basic concepts of quality circles with reference to the work of Abraham Maslow,…

Quality Circles in Higher Education: Quality, Satisfaction, and Climate.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kay, Carol; Healy, Margaret

The effect of quality circles at Iowa State University on absenteeism, performance evaluation, perceptions of the organization climate, job satisfaction, and perceived opportunities for professional and personal growth was measured in this study. The process of quality circles is designed to promote job fulfillment and organizational productivity…

VIEW OF THE OUTER RING OF CENTER CIRCLE, LOOKING NORTH. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW OF THE OUTER RING OF CENTER CIRCLE, LOOKING NORTH. GRANITE COPING DEFINES THE SWAIN FAMILY PLOT, WHICH CONTAINS A CELTIC CROSS, ON WHICH THE CIRCLE REFERS TO ETERNAL LIFE, AND A RECLINING HUMAN FIGURE IN ETERNAL SLEEP - Woodlands Cemetery, 4000 Woodlands Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

Using Literature Circles to Enhance Student Knowledge of Nonfiction Text

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whitworth, Amanda

2017-01-01

This mixed methods action research study explored how students reacted to using literature circles to enhance their knowledge and understanding of reading nonfiction text as compared to students using guided reading. This study showed a minimal improvement for students participating in the literature circle group in overall understanding of…

Assign Roles to Get Literature Circles Rolling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Curriculum Review, 2005

2005-01-01

This article briefly describes a role-playing exercise designed to break the ice in a classroom literature circle from The Ultimate Small-Group Reading How-To Book: Building Comprehension through SmallGroup Instruction, written by Gail Saunders-Smith. The members of a literature circle participate in the group discussion according to the…

Literature Circles. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lin, Chia-Hui

The use of literature circles has been discussed in a variety of academic journals, conference papers, and workshops. Teachers at all grade levels use literature circles as a vehicle through which students learn to: think critically about literature; express their thoughts in oral and written forms; and better enjoy their literacy experiences.…

Developing Soft Skills Using "Literature Circles"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Azmi, Mohd Nazri Bin Latiff

2013-01-01

This study investigates the impact of the implementation of "Literature Circles" in an Active Learning classroom in relations to developing soft skills among university students. The use of Literature Circles is a well-known strategy in teaching the students to be more creative, independent, and think out of the box. A group of…

Exploring Factors That Influence Quality Literature Circles

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Young, Chase; Mohr, Kathleen A. J.

2018-01-01

Research indicates that literature circles are an authentic means for literacy development that students typically enjoy. To better understand the potential value and to add to the research base regarding literature circles, this study, involving 17 fourth graders, explores factors that may influence the quality of literature discussions,…

Method for construction of normalized cDNA libraries

DOEpatents

Soares, Marcelo B.; Efstratiadis, Argiris

1996-01-01

This invention provides a method to normalize a directional cDNA library constructed in a vector that allows propagation in single-stranded circle form comprising: (a) propagating the directional cDNA library in single-stranded circles; (b) generating fragments complementary to the 3' noncoding sequence of the single-stranded circles in the library to produce partial duplexes; (c) purifying the partial duplexes; (d) melting and reassociating the purified partial duplexes to moderate Cot; and (e) purifying the unassociated single-stranded circles, thereby generating a normalized cDNA library.

Method for construction of normalized cDNA libraries

DOEpatents

Soares, M.B.; Efstratiadis, A.

1996-01-09

This invention provides a method to normalize a directional cDNA library constructed in a vector that allows propagation in single-stranded circle form. The method comprises: (a) propagating the directional cDNA library in single-stranded circles; (b) generating fragments complementary to the 3` noncoding sequence of the single-stranded circles in the library to produce partial duplexes; (c) purifying the partial duplexes; (d) melting and reassociating the purified partial duplexes to moderate Cot; and (e) purifying the unassociated single-stranded circles, thereby generating a normalized cDNA library. 4 figs.

Sister Circles as a Culturally Relevant Intervention for Anxious African American Women

PubMed Central

Neal-Barnett, Angela; Stadulis, Robert; Murray, Marsheena; Payne, Margaret Ralston; Thomas, Anisha; Salley, Bernadette B.

2011-01-01

Research on anxiety treatment with African American women reveals a need to develop interventions that address factors relevant to their lives. Such factors include feelings of isolation, multiple roles undertaken by Black women, and faith. A recurrent theme across treatment studies is the importance of having support from other Black women. Sister circles are support groups that build upon existing friendships, fictive kin networks, and the sense of community found among African Americans females. Sister circles appear to offer many of the components Black women desire in an anxiety intervention. In this article, we explore sister circles as an intervention for anxious African American women. Culturally-infused aspects from our sister circle work with middle-class African American women are presented. Further research is needed. PMID:22081747

Age-related interference from irrelevant distracters in visual feature search among heterogeneous distracters.

PubMed

Merrill, Edward C; Conners, Frances A

2013-08-01

We evaluated age-related variations in the influence of heterogeneous distracters during feature target. Participants in three age groups-6-year-old children, 9-year-old children, and young adults-completed three conditions of search. In a singleton search condition, participants searched for a circle among squares of the same color. In two feature mode search conditions, participants searched for a gray circle or a black circle among gray and black squares. Singleton search was performed at the same level of efficiency for all age groups. In contrast, the two feature mode search conditions yielded age-related performance differences in both conditions. Younger children exhibited a steeper slope than young adults when searching for a gray or black circle. Older children exhibited a steeper slope than young adults when searching for a gray circle but not when searching for a black circle. We concluded that these differences revealed age-related improvements in the relative abilities of adults and children to execute attentional control processes during visual search. In particular, it appears that children found it more difficult to maintain the goal of searching for a circle target than adults and were distracted by the presence of the irrelevant feature dimension of color. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Experiment to Determine the Absorption Coefficient of Gamma Rays as a Function of Energy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ouseph, P. J.; And Others

1982-01-01

Simpler than x-ray diffractometer experiments, the experiment described illustrates certain concepts regarding the interaction of electromagnetic rays with matter such as the exponential decrease in the intensity with absorber thickness, variation of the coefficient of absorption with energy, and the effect of the K-absorption edge on the…

High-resolution neutron powder diffractometer SPODI at research reactor FRM II

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoelzel, M.; Senyshyn, A.; Juenke, N.; Boysen, H.; Schmahl, W.; Fuess, H.

2012-03-01

SPODI is a high-resolution thermal neutron diffractometer at the research reactor Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II) especially dedicated to structural studies of complex systems. Unique features like a very large monochromator take-off angle of 155° and a 5 m monochromator-sample distance in its standard configuration achieve both high-resolution and a good profile shape for a broad scattering angle range. Two dimensional data are collected by an array of 80 vertical position sensitive 3He detectors. SPODI is well suited for studies of complex structural and magnetic order and disorder phenomena at non-ambient conditions. In addition to standard sample environment facilities (cryostats, furnaces, magnet) specific devices (rotatable load frame, cell for electric fields, multichannel potentiostat) were developed. Thus the characterisation of functional materials at in-operando conditions can be achieved. In this contribution the details of the design and present performance of the instrument are reported along with its specifications. A new concept for data reduction using a 2 θ dependent variable height for the intensity integration along the Debye-Scherrer lines is introduced.

A preliminary neutron crystallographic study of thaumatin

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Teixeira, Susana C. M.; Institut Laue Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble; EPSAM and ISTM, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG

2008-05-01

Preliminary neutron crystallographic data from the sweet protein thaumatin have been recorded using the LADI-III diffractometer at the Institut Laue Langevin (ILL). The results illustrate the feasibility of a full neutron structural analysis aimed at further understanding the molecular basis of the perception of sweet taste. Such an analysis will exploit the use of perdeuterated thaumatin. A preliminary neutron crystallographic study of the sweet protein thaumatin is presented. Large hydrogenated crystals were prepared in deuterated crystallization buffer using the gel-acupuncture method. Data were collected to a resolution of 2 Å on the LADI-III diffractometer at the Institut Laue Langevin (ILL).more » The results demonstrate the feasibility of a full neutron crystallographic analysis of this structure aimed at providing relevant information on the location of H atoms, the distribution of charge on the protein surface and localized water in the structure. This information will be of interest for understanding the specificity of thaumatin–receptor interactions and will contribute to further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the perception of taste.« less

Precession technique and electron diffractometry as new tools for crystal structure analysis and chemical bonding determination.

PubMed

Avilov, A; Kuligin, K; Nicolopoulos, S; Nickolskiy, M; Boulahya, K; Portillo, J; Lepeshov, G; Sobolev, B; Collette, J P; Martin, N; Robins, A C; Fischione, P

2007-01-01

We have developed a new fast electron diffractometer working with high dynamic range and linearity for crystal structure determinations. Electron diffraction (ED) patterns can be scanned serially in front of a Faraday cage detector; the total measurement time for several hundred ED reflections can be tens of seconds having high statistical accuracy for all measured intensities (1-2%). This new tool can be installed to any type of TEM without any column modification and is linked to a specially developed electron beam precession "Spinning Star" system. Precession of the electron beam (Vincent-Midgley technique) reduces dynamical effects allowing also use of accurate intensities for crystal structure analysis. We describe the technical characteristics of this new tool together with the first experimental results. Accurate measurement of electron diffraction intensities by electron diffractometer opens new possibilities not only for revealing unknown structures, but also for electrostatic potential determination and chemical bonding investigation. As an example, we present detailed atomic bonding information of CaF(2) as revealed for the first time by precise electron diffractometry.

Investigation of the response of a neutron-Hand monitor dedicated to the powder diffractometer at CENM-Maamora

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Messous, M.Y.; Belhorma, B.; Labrim, H.

2015-07-01

Neutrons are used for the study of condensed matter. A neutron beam can indeed easily penetrate the solid material and undergo diffraction phenomena. Analysis of the diffused neutrons allows studying the atomic structure of crossed material. Their neutral electric charge makes them nondestructive probe of a great interest. In general, the size of the powder samples is very small and therefore the centering of the beam on these is very crucial. It is in this context we proceed to test a portable neutron monitor for centering and checking beam leak around the shielding to be installed around the diffractometer inmore » TRIGA Mark II of CENM. It's consisting of a scintillation neutron detector NE426 ({sup 6}LiF + ZnS (Ag)) with electronic module and data acquisition system. The effect of radiation from radioactive neutrons source {sup 252}Cf is shown. Sensitivity and differential linearity are also performed. This study indicates several advantages of this detector with very good detection sensitivity and excellent stability during the counting time. (authors)« less

Biofidelic Three-Dimensional Brain Surrogate Models of mTBI-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-10-01

incurred during combat in Vietnam by US forces, Acta Chir. Scand. Suppl. 508 (1981) 351–356. [10] J. Grafman, B.S. Jonas, A. Martin , A.M. Salazar, H...29 (16) (2012) 2564–2575. [92] B.R. Huber, J.S. Meabon, T.J. Martin , P.D. Mourad, R. Bennett, B.C. Kraemer, I. Cernak, E.C. Petrie, M.J. Emery, E.R...cerebral vasculature to blast injury in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury, Acta Neuropathol. Commun. 2 (1) (2014) 1. [122] J.M. Petras , R.A

Challenges for This Kind of War: Modifying Army Awards for a New Century of Conflict

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-19

the Nation, the Army, and subordinates before your own. 10 Jason Watkins , “Why We Serve, 5 Spencer Brothers Serve across 3 Military Branches,” Army...Eric - (OEF) 7 1 1 1 1 6 0 Howard, Mark - (OEF) 7 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 Howard, Seth E. - (OEF) 6 1 1 1 8 1 Huber, Haldon H. - (OEF) 8 1 1 1 6 0 Hutchinson...2008). Vergilius, Publius M. The Aeneid. Translated by J.W. Mackail. New York: Random House, 1950. Watkins , Jason. "Why We Serve, 5 Spencer

Estimation of transformation parameters for microarray data.

PubMed

Durbin, Blythe; Rocke, David M

2003-07-22

Durbin et al. (2002), Huber et al. (2002) and Munson (2001) independently introduced a family of transformations (the generalized-log family) which stabilizes the variance of microarray data up to the first order. We introduce a method for estimating the transformation parameter in tandem with a linear model based on the procedure outlined in Box and Cox (1964). We also discuss means of finding transformations within the generalized-log family which are optimal under other criteria, such as minimum residual skewness and minimum mean-variance dependency. R and Matlab code and test data are available from the authors on request.

Vibrationally Excited Ions: Quenching Reaction Enhancement, Lifetimes

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

affinities in our lad- A,.=Af exp( - AS/IR) = I .IX 10𔄃 cm’ S_ with limits der . Any change it. P.A.(Br), ither due to a change in bet~een 7.Sx l3 9and...8217K P Huber and G Hereberg. C oeto of Drateooc Molecules ( Van "M Tubs’, G JasAay. N D Toeddy. and B. B. Fergusn. Ini J Mass Nostrand-Reinhold. New York...objectives and it seemed possible .aat neut - rals such as N,. Xe and CF, might provide suitable monitor gases for vibra- tionally excited HBr*. For HBr

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Fundamental parameters of Kepler stars (Silva Aguirre+, 2015)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Silva Aguirre, V.; Davies, G. R.; Basu, S.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.; Creevey, O.; Metcalfe, T. S.; Bedding, T. R.; Casagrande, L.; Handberg, R.; Lund, M. N.; Nissen, P. E.; Chaplin, W. J.; Huber, D.; Serenelli, A. M.; Stello, D.; van Eylen, V.; Campante, T. L.; Elsworth, Y.; Gilliland, R. L.; Hekker, S.; Karoff, C.; Kawaler, S. D.; Kjeldsen, H.; Lundkvist, M. S.

2016-02-01

Our sample has been extracted from the 77 exoplanet host stars presented in Huber et al. (2013, Cat. J/ApJ/767/127). We have made use of the full time-base of observations from the Kepler satellite to uniformly determine precise fundamental stellar parameters, including ages, for a sample of exoplanet host stars where high-quality asteroseismic data were available. We devised a Bayesian procedure flexible in its input and applied it to different grids of models to study systematics from input physics and extract statistically robust properties for all stars. (4 data files).

THE FORM AND STRUCTURE OF KINETOPLAST DNA OF CRITHIDIA

PubMed Central

Renger, Hartmut C.; Wolstenholme, David R.

1972-01-01

Cesium chloride centrifugation of each of the DNAs extracted from eight strains of Crithidia revealed a main band at ρ = 1.717 g/cm3 and a satellite band varying from ρ = 1.701 to 1.705 g/cm3 for the different strains By electron microscopy each DNA was shown to include circular molecules, 0.69–0.80 µ in mean contour length, and large, topologically two-dimensional masses of DNA in which the molecules appeared in the form of rosettes. DNA isolated from kinetoplast fractions of Crithidia acanthocephali was shown to consist of light satellite DNA and to be mainly in the form of large masses, 0.8 µ (mol wt = 1.54 x 106 daltons) circular molecules, and a few long, linear molecules. The results of experiments involving ultracentrifugation, heating, and quenching, sonication, and endodeoxyribonuclease digestion, combined with electron microscopy, are consistent with the following hypothesis. The large DNA masses are associations of 0.8 µ circles which are mainly covalently closed. The circles are held together in groups (the rosettes) of up to 46 by the topological interlocking of each circle with many other circles in the group. A group of circles is attached to an adjacent group by one or more circles, each interlocking with many circles of both groups. Each of the associations comprises, on the average, about 27,000 circles (total mol wt ≃ 41 x 109 daltons). A model is proposed for the in situ arrangement of the associations which takes into consideration their form and structure, and appearance in thin sections PMID:5040863

Flat panel detector-based cone beam computed tomography with a circle-plus-two-arcs data acquisition orbit: preliminary phantom study.

PubMed

Ning, Ruola; Tang, Xiangyang; Conover, David; Yu, Rongfeng

2003-07-01

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been investigated in the past two decades due to its potential advantages over a fan beam CT. These advantages include (a) great improvement in data acquisition efficiency, spatial resolution, and spatial resolution uniformity, (b) substantially better utilization of x-ray photons generated by the x-ray tube compared to a fan beam CT, and (c) significant advancement in clinical three-dimensional (3D) CT applications. However, most studies of CBCT in the past are focused on cone beam data acquisition theories and reconstruction algorithms. The recent development of x-ray flat panel detectors (FPD) has made CBCT imaging feasible and practical. This paper reports a newly built flat panel detector-based CBCT prototype scanner and presents the results of the preliminary evaluation of the prototype through a phantom study. The prototype consisted of an x-ray tube, a flat panel detector, a GE 8800 CT gantry, a patient table and a computer system. The prototype was constructed by modifying a GE 8800 CT gantry such that both a single-circle cone beam acquisition orbit and a circle-plus-two-arcs orbit can be achieved. With a circle-plus-two-arcs orbit, a complete set of cone beam projection data can be obtained, consisting of a set of circle projections and a set of arc projections. Using the prototype scanner, the set of circle projections were acquired by rotating the x-ray tube and the FPD together on the gantry, and the set of arc projections were obtained by tilting the gantry while the x-ray tube and detector were at the 12 and 6 o'clock positions, respectively. A filtered backprojection exact cone beam reconstruction algorithm based on a circle-plus-two-arcs orbit was used for cone beam reconstruction from both the circle and arc projections. The system was first characterized in terms of the linearity and dynamic range of the detector. Then the uniformity, spatial resolution and low contrast resolution were assessed using different phantoms mainly in the central plane of the cone beam reconstruction. Finally, the reconstruction accuracy of using the circle-plus-two-arcs orbit and its related filtered backprojection cone beam volume CT reconstruction algorithm was evaluated with a specially designed disk phantom. The results obtained using the new cone beam acquisition orbit and the related reconstruction algorithm were compared to those obtained using a single-circle cone beam geometry and Feldkamp's algorithm in terms of reconstruction accuracy. The results of the study demonstrate that the circle-plus-two-arcs cone beam orbit is achievable in practice. Also, the reconstruction accuracy of cone beam reconstruction is significantly improved with the circle-plus-two-arcs orbit and its related exact CB-FPB algorithm, as compared to using a single circle cone beam orbit and Feldkamp's algorithm.

Polygons and Their Circles

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stephenson, Paul

2009-01-01

In order to find its circumference, Archimedes famously boxed the circle between two polygons. Ending the first of a series of articles (MT179) with an aside, Francis Lopez-Real reverses the situation to ask: Which polygons can be boxed between two circles? (The official term for such polygons is "bicentric".) The sides of these polygons are…

Empowerment of Children through Circle Time: Myth or Reality?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Collins, Bernie

2013-01-01

The focus of this paper is circle time, a widely used method in primary schools in Ireland and elsewhere. It involves children sitting in a circle with their teacher using method-specific techniques and strategies for self-esteem enhancement, promoting positive relationships and development of social skills. Qualitative research was undertaken in…

78 FR 44119 - Circle Environmental #1 Superfund Site; Dawson, Terrell County, Georgia; Notice of Settlement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-23

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9837-3; CERCLA-04-2013-3760] Circle Environmental 1 Superfund... settlement with Walter G. Mercer, Jr. concerning the Circle Environmental 1 Superfund Site located in Dawson... methods: Internet: www.epa.gov/region4/superfund/programs/enforcement/enforcement.html U.S. Mail: U.S...

VIEW OF DATE DRIVE, FROM INTERSECTION WITH BIRCH CIRCLE, WITH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW OF DATE DRIVE, FROM INTERSECTION WITH BIRCH CIRCLE, WITH FACILITY 809 ON LEFT, 816 ON RIGHT. NOTE THE MANY DATE PALMS. VIEW FACING NORTHWEST - Camp H.M. Smith and Navy Public Works Center Manana Title VII (Capehart) Housing, Intersection of Acacia Road and Brich Circle, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

From Silence to a Whisper to Active Participation: Using Literature Circles with ELL Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carrison, Catherine; Ernst-Slavit, Gisela

2005-01-01

This article discusses benefits of using literature circles with ELL students to strengthen literacy skills and student confidence. Highlighting one teacher's implementation of literature circles, the authors present a candid examination of areas of initial weakness and describe strategies used for improvements in subsequent "rounds." A discussion…

Comparing Interactions in Literature Circles in Both Online and in Class Discussions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Skeen, Christel Ghrist

2014-01-01

Discourse analysis of literature circles can lead educators to understand the different types of interactions taking place as students talk about text. Social and academic interactions exist in both face-to-face and online discussions of reading material. This study examines two different settings of literature circles and compares interactions of…

College Students' Science Societies and Special-Interest Circles

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ivanov, A.

2005-01-01

From the point of view of their age, student science societies and special-interest circles are among the most venerable forms of corporate association among students in colleges and universities. In this article, the author traces the formation of different societies and special-interest circles by college students in different universities in…

Integrating Literature Circles into a Cotaught Inclusive Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whittaker, Catharine R.

2012-01-01

Literature circles or book clubs are small, heterogeneous groups of students who have chosen to read and discuss the same book together. The research on literature circles suggests that they hold great promise for increasing students' enjoyment of reading and honing their literacy skills. When evidence-based strategies are embedded into a…

Violence in the eye of adolescents: education intervention with Culture Circles.

PubMed

Brandão Neto, Waldemar; Silva, Marta Angélica Iossi; de Aquino, Jael Maria; de Lima, Luciane Soares; Monteiro, Estela Maria Leite Meirelles

2015-01-01

to apply the methodology of Culture Circles on adolescents as a strategy for health education of nurses in the construction of the collective knowledge of the thematic violence. action research type and qualitative study. Participants were 11 adolescents from a public school in Recife, PE, Brazil. Data production in Culture Circles included the participant observation with field diary, photographic recording and filming, as well as the photovoice technique. The analysis was performed by triangulating data in dialogue with the literature. it was shown that the problematizing action provided by the Culture Circle made possible to create situations in which adolescents felt invited to critically refl ect on the phenomenon of violence in all its complexity. the health education intervention, performed by Culture Circles, added learning and mutual growth subsidizing nursing care actions that excel at leadership and autonomy of adolescents.

Utilization of the High Flux Isotope Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Selby, Douglas L; Bilheux, Hassina Z; Meilleur, Flora

2015-01-01

This paper addresses several aspects of the scientific utilization of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR). Topics to be covered will include: 1) HFIR neutron scattering instruments and the formal instrument user program; 2) Recent upgrades to the neutron scattering instrument stations at the reactor, and 3) eMod a new tool for addressing instrument modifications and providing configuration control and design process for scientific instruments at HFIR and the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). There are 15 operating neutron instrument stations at HFIR with 12 of them organized into a formal user program. Since the last presentationmore » on HFIR instruments at IGORR we have installed a Single Crystal Quasi-Laue Diffractometer instrument called IMAGINE; and we have made significant upgrades to HFIR neutron scattering instruments including the Cold Triple Axis Instrument, the Wide Angle Neutron Diffractometer, the Powder Diffractometer, and the Neutron Imaging station. In addition, we have initiated upgrades to the Thermal Triple Axis Instrument and the Bio-SANS cold neutron instrument detector system. All of these upgrades are tied to a continuous effort to maintain a high level neutron scattering user program at the HFIR. For the purpose of tracking modifications such as those mentioned and configuration control we have been developing an electronic system for entering instrument modification requests that follows a modification or instrument project through concept development, design, fabrication, installation, and commissioning. This system, which we call eMod, electronically leads the task leader through a series of questions and checklists that then identifies such things as ES&H and radiological issues and then automatically designates specific individuals for the activity review process. The system has been in use for less than a year and we are still working out some of the inefficiencies, but we believe that this will become a very effective tool for achieving the configuration and process control believed to be necessary for scientific instrument systems.« less

Multimodal determination of Rayleigh dispersion and attenuation curves using the circle fit method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Verachtert, R.; Lombaert, G.; Degrande, G.

2018-03-01

This paper introduces the circle fit method for the determination of multi-modal Rayleigh dispersion and attenuation curves as part of a Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) experiment. The wave field is transformed to the frequency-wavenumber (fk) domain using a discretized Hankel transform. In a Nyquist plot of the fk-spectrum, displaying the imaginary part against the real part, the Rayleigh wave modes correspond to circles. The experimental Rayleigh dispersion and attenuation curves are derived from the angular sweep of the central angle of these circles. The method can also be applied to the analytical fk-spectrum of the Green's function of a layered half-space in order to compute dispersion and attenuation curves, as an alternative to solving an eigenvalue problem. A MASW experiment is subsequently simulated for a site with a regular velocity profile and a site with a soft layer trapped between two stiffer layers. The performance of the circle fit method to determine the dispersion and attenuation curves is compared with the peak picking method and the half-power bandwidth method. The circle fit method is found to be the most accurate and robust method for the determination of the dispersion curves. When determining attenuation curves, the circle fit method and half-power bandwidth method are accurate if the mode exhibits a sharp peak in the fk-spectrum. Furthermore, simulated and theoretical attenuation curves determined with the circle fit method agree very well. A similar correspondence is not obtained when using the half-power bandwidth method. Finally, the circle fit method is applied to measurement data obtained for a MASW experiment at a site in Heverlee, Belgium. In order to validate the soil profile obtained from the inversion procedure, force-velocity transfer functions were computed and found in good correspondence with the experimental transfer functions, especially in the frequency range between 5 and 80 Hz.

Guided discovery of the nine-point circle theorem and its proof

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buchbinder, Orly

2018-01-01

The nine-point circle theorem is one of the most beautiful and surprising theorems in Euclidean geometry. It establishes an existence of a circle passing through nine points, all of which are related to a single triangle. This paper describes a set of instructional activities that can help students discover the nine-point circle theorem through investigation in a dynamic geometry environment, and consequently prove it using a method of guided discovery. The paper concludes with a variety of suggestions for the ways in which the whole set of activities can be implemented in geometry classrooms.

Quality circles and their potential application to rural health care in Papua New Guinea.

PubMed

Cibulskis, R E; Edwards, K N

1993-06-01

A quality circle is a group of service providers who meet regularly to solve problems relating to the quality of their work. This is an example of bottom-up rather than top-down management which has found considerable success in the industries of the developed world. This article describes the principles which govern the operation of quality circles, the expected benefits and how best to introduce them. The problems relating to the provision of quality health care in rural areas and the potential application of the quality circle methodology are discussed.

POWTEX Neutron Diffractometer at FRM II - New Perspectives in Rock Deformation and Recrystallisation Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walter, J. M.; Stipp, M.; Ullemeyer, K.; Klein, H.; Leiss, B.; Hansen, B.; Kuhs, W. F.

2011-12-01

Neutron diffraction has become a routine method in Geoscience for the quantitative analysis of crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs) and for (experimental) powder diffraction. Quantitative texture analysis is a common tool for the investigation of fabric development in mono- and polyphase rocks, their deformation histories and kinematics. Furthermore the quantitative characterization of anisotropic physical properties by bulk texture measurements can be achieved due to the high penetration capabilities of neutrons. To cope with increasing needs for beam time at neutron diffraction facilities with the corresponding technical characteristics and equipment, POWTEX (POWder and TEXture Diffractometer) is designed as a high-intensity diffractometer at the neutron research reactor FRM II in Garching, Germany by groups from the RWTH Aachen, Forschungszentrum Jülich and the University of Göttingen. Complementary to existing neutron diffractometers (SKAT at Dubna, Russia; GEM at ISIS, UK; HIPPO at Los Alamos, USA; D20 at ILL, France; and the local STRESS-SPEC and SPODI at FRM II) the layout of POWTEX is focused on fast (texture) measurements for either time-resolved experiments or the measurement of larger sample series as necessary for the study of large scale geological structures. By utilizing a range of neutron wavelengths simultaneously (TOF-technique), a high flux (~1 x 107 n/cm2s) and a high detector coverage ( 9.8 sr) effective texture measurements without sample tilting and rotation are possible. Furthermore the instrument and the angular detector resolution is sufficient for strong recrystallisation textures as well as weak textures of polyphase rocks. Thereby large sample environments will be implemented at POWTEX allowing in-situ time-resolved texture measurements during deformation experiments on rocksalt, ice and other materials. Furthermore a furnace for 3D-recrystallisation analysis of single grains will be realized complementary to the furnace that already exists for fine grained materials at the synchrotron beamline BW5 at HASYLAB, Germany (e.g. Klein et al. 2009). The in-situ triaxial deformation apparatus is operated by a uniaxial spindle drive with a maximum axial load of 200 kN, which will be redesigned to minimize shadowing effects on the detector. The HT experiments will be carried out in uniaxial compression or extension and an upgrade to triaxial deformation conditions is envisaged. The load frame can alternatively be used for ice deformation by inserting a cryostat cell for temperatures down to 77 K with a triaxial apparatus allowing also simple shear experiments on ice. Strain rates range between 10-8 and 10-3 s-1 reaching to at least 50 % axial strain. The furnace for the recrystallization analysis will be a mirror furnace with temperatures up to 1500° C, which will be rotatable around a vertical axis to obtain the required stereologic orientation information.

Applications of RIGAKU Dmax Rapid II micro-X-ray diffractometer in the analysis of archaeological metal objects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mozgai, Viktória; Szabó, Máté; Bajnóczi, Bernadett; Weiszburg, Tamás G.; Fórizs, István; Mráv, Zsolt; Tóth, Mária

2017-04-01

During material analysis of archaeological metal objects, especially their inlays or corrosion products, not only microstructure and chemical composition, but mineralogical composition is necessary to be determined. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) is a widely-used method to specify the mineralogical composition. However, when sampling is not or limitedly allowed due to e.g. the high value of the object, the conventional XRD analysis can hardly be used. Laboratory micro-XRD instruments provide good alternatives, like the RIGAKU Dmax Rapid II micro-X-ray diffractometer, which is a unique combination of a MicroMax-003 third generation microfocus, sealed tube X-ray generator and a curved 'image plate' detector. With this instrument it is possible to measure as small as 10 µm area in diameter on the object. Here we present case studies for the application of the micro-XRD technique in the study of archaeological metal objects. In the first case niello inlay of a Late Roman silver augur staff was analysed. Due to the high value of the object, since it is the only piece known from the Roman Empire, only non-destructive analyses were allowed. To reconstruct the preparation of the niello, SEM-EDX analysis was performed on the niello inlays to characterise their chemical composition and microstructure. Two types of niello are present: a homogeneous, silver sulphide niello (acanthite) and an inhomogeneous silver-copper sulphide niello (exsolution of acanthite and jalpaite or jalpaite and stromeyerite). The micro-X-ray diffractometer was used to verify the mineralogical composition of the niello, supposed on the base of SEM results. In the second case corrosion products of a Late Roman copper cauldron with uncertain provenance were examined, since they may hold clues about the burial conditions (pH, Eh, etc.) of the object. A layer by layer analysis was performed in cross sections of small metal samples by using electron microprobe and micro-X-ray diffractometer. The results show two corrosion zones: 1) the original (internal) surface zone of the metallic copper object was replaced by copper(I) oxide (cuprite), while 2) basic copper(II) carbonate (malachite) was deposited (externally) on the original surface. In our view these two minerals were formed during long-time burial, and protected the cauldron from further corrosion. Rarely copper(I) chloride (nantokite), basic copper(II) trihydroxychloride (atacamite/paratacamite) and basic copper(II) sulphate (brochantite) were also identified in the two corrosion zones. Their uneven distribution on the cauldron and their known formation conditions indicate, that these latter mineral phases may be the results of active corrosion, started possibly after excavation.

The Gasket of Circles: A Fractal of Circular Nature

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haggar, Fred; Kricic, Senida

2017-01-01

Subdividing an equilateral triangle into four congruent triangles, then doing likewise to each of the three non-central triangles, and then again and again, leads to the Sierpinski gasket, from which the chaos game originated. An analogous procedure is hereforth applied to a circle, where a subdivision consists of two pairs of inscribed circles,…

Influence of a Mathematics Teachers' Circle on Elementary Teachers' Use of Problem Solving

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garner, Mary L.; Watson, Virginia; Rogers, Beth; Head, Catherine

2017-01-01

Math teachers' circles are a form of professional development that is recommended by the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences in their publication Mathematical Education of Teachers II (2012). However, little research has been published on how effective math teachers' circles are in advancing the mathematical knowledge of teachers and…

Author Correction: Quantum Landauer erasure with a molecular nanomagnet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaudenzi, R.; Burzurí, E.; Maegawa, S.; van der Zant, H. S. J.; Luis, F.

2018-06-01

In the version of this Letter originally published, the key to the green and open circles in Fig. 4 was reversed; it should have shown that the green circles correspond to `From χ versus T' and the open circles correspond to `From χ versus Hy'. This has now been corrected in all versions of the Letter.

Growing a Circle of Courage Culture: One School's Journey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Espiner, Deborah; Guild, Diane

2010-01-01

Mt. Richmond Special School is the first Circle of Courage school in New Zealand. The school reflects the richness of the cultural and learning diversity found in many New Zealand schools. Located in the heart of South Auckland, the school's 130 students represent a wide range of ethnic backgrounds. The universal values in the Circle of Courage…

Quality Circles: How Effective Are They in Improving Employee Performance and Attitudes?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buch, Kimberly; Raban, Amiram

1990-01-01

Used a quasi-experimental design to assess the effect of a quality circle intervention on behavior and attitudes of 88 employees at a large Midwestern organization. Results provide mixed support for the purported ability of circles to improve work behavior with no change for absenteeism and productivity but positive change for quality of work.…

Dynamic Investigation of Triangles Inscribed in a Circle, Which Tend to an Equilateral Triangle

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stupel, Moshe; Oxman, Victor; Sigler, Avi

2017-01-01

We present a geometrical investigation of the process of creating an infinite sequence of triangles inscribed in a circle, whose areas, perimeters and lengths of radii of the inscribed circles tend to a limit in a monotonous manner. First, using geometrical software, we investigate four theorems that represent interesting geometrical properties,…

D'Nealian Handwriting versus Circle-Stick Print.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thurber, Donald N.

This paper argues against teaching children to make letters using circle-stick writing. It contends that the circle-stick method requires continued pen/pencil lifts hindering rhythm or flow in the writing process and that there is little carry-over value into cursive writing as the two scripts are totally different. D'Nealian print, one type of…

Unit Circles and Inverse Trigonometric Functions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barrera, Azael

2014-01-01

Historical accounts of trigonometry refer to the works of many Indian and Arab astronomers on the origin of the trigonometric functions as we know them now, in particular Abu al-Wafa (ca. 980 CE), who determined and named all known trigonometric functions from segments constructed on a regular circle and later on a unit circle (Moussa 2011;…

Optical Coherence Tomography Scan Circle Location and Mean Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Measurement Variability

PubMed Central

Gabriele, Michelle L.; Ishikawa, Hiroshi; Wollstein, Gadi; Bilonick, Richard A.; Townsend, Kelly A.; Kagemann, Larry; Wojtkowski, Maciej; Srinivasan, Vivek J.; Fujimoto, James G.; Duker, Jay S.; Schuman, Joel S.

2009-01-01

PURPOSE To investigate the effect on optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements of varying the standard 3.4-mm-diameter circle location. METHODS The optic nerve head (ONH) region of 17 eyes of 17 healthy subjects was imaged with high-speed, ultrahigh-resolution OCT (hsUHR-OCT; 501 × 180 axial scans covering a 6 × 6-mm area; scan time, 3.84 seconds) for a comprehensive sampling. This method allows for systematic simulation of the variable circle placement effect. RNFL thickness was measured on this three-dimensional dataset by using a custom-designed software program. RNFL thickness was resampled along a 3.4-mm-diameter circle centered on the ONH, then along 3.4-mm circles shifted horizontally (x-shift), vertically (y-shift) and diagonally up to ±500 µm (at 100-µm intervals). Linear mixed-effects models were used to determine RNFL thickness as a function of the scan circle shift. A model for the distance between the two thickest measurements along the RNFL thickness circular profile (peak distance) was also calculated. RESULTS RNFL thickness tended to decrease with both positive and negative x- and y-shifts. The range of shifts that caused a decrease greater than the variability inherent to the commercial device was greater in both nasal and temporal quadrants than in the superior and inferior ones. The model for peak distance demonstrated that as the scan moves nasally, the RNFL peak distance increases, and as the circle moves temporally, the distance decreases. Vertical shifts had a minimal effect on peak distance. CONCLUSIONS The location of the OCT scan circle affects RNFL thickness measurements. Accurate registration of OCT scans is essential for measurement reproducibility and longitudinal examination (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00286637). PMID:18515577

Real-time monitoring of rolling-circle amplification using a modified molecular beacon design

PubMed Central

Nilsson, Mats; Gullberg, Mats; Dahl, Fredrik; Szuhai, Karoly; Raap, Anton K.

2002-01-01

We describe a method to monitor rolling-circle replication of circular oligonucleotides in dual-color and in real-time using molecular beacons. The method can be used to study the kinetics of the polymerization reaction and to amplify and quantify circularized oligonucleotide probes in a rolling-circle amplification (RCA) reaction. Modified molecular beacons were made of 2′-O-Me-RNA to prevent 3′ exonucleolytic degradation by the polymerase used. Moreover, the complement of one of the stem sequences of the molecular beacon was included in the RCA products to avoid fluorescence quenching due to inter-molecular hybridization of neighboring molecular beacons hybridizing to the concatemeric polymerization product. The method allows highly accurate quantification of circularized DNA over a broad concentration range by relating the signal from the test DNA circle to an internal reference DNA circle reporting in a distinct fluorescence color. PMID:12136114

Synthesis of boron nitride coatings on quartz fibers: Thickness control and mechanism research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Yu; Wang, Shubin

2011-10-01

Boron nitride (BN) coatings were successfully synthesized on quartz fibers by dip-coating in boric acid and urea solutions at 700 °C. The SEM micrographs indicated that the quartz fibers were fully covered by coatings with smooth surface. The XRD, FT-IR, XPS spectra and HR-TEM results showed that the composition of the coatings which combined closely with the quartz fibers was polycrystalline h-BN. By changing the dip circles, the coating thickness was well controlled. The thicknesses of samples dipped less than six circles increased linearly with dipping-circles; and the increment of coating thickness would slow down when the fibers were dipped 10 circles. After being dipped for 10 circles, the thickness was about 300 nm. The coating thickness was also established by calculation and the calculated results were consistent with the results measured by micrograph.

Electronic Properties and Device Applications of III-V Compound Semiconductor Native Oxides

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-03-02

MRD X-ray diffractometer with CuKa as the radiation source. The doping level in GaAs was meassured by electrochemical voltage (ECV) using an Accent... hard to prevent the gate metal from overlapping the mesa edge thus creating a parasitic leakage path to the channel42. To reduce the gate leakage

Titration of a Solid Acid Monitored by X-Ray Diffraction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dungey, Keenan E.; Epstein, Paul

2007-01-01

An experiment is described to introduce students to an important class of solid-state reactions while reinforcing concepts of titration by using a pH meter and a powder X-ray diffractometer. The experiment was successful in teaching students the abstract concepts of solid-state structure and diffraction by applying the diffraction concepts learned…

A Historical Note on the Proof of the Area of a Circle

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilamowsky, Yonah; Epstein, Sheldon; Dickman, Bernard

2011-01-01

Proofs that the area of a circle is nr[superscript 2] can be found in mathematical literature dating as far back as the time of the Greeks. The early proofs, e.g. Archimedes, involved dividing the circle into wedges and then fitting the wedges together in a way to approximate a rectangle. Later more sophisticated proofs relied on arguments…

The Revival of Research Circles: Meeting the Needs of Modern Aging and the Third Age

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ostlund, Britt

2008-01-01

This article provides evidence that it is worthwhile to reconsider the traditional research circle method as a means of involving people in the third age in fulfilling their needs to participate in learning activities and make their voices heard. The findings are based on three cases of research circles consistently driven by the interests of the…

Providing a Full Circle of Support to Teachers in an Inclusive Elementary School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waldron, Nancy L.; Redd, Lacy

2011-01-01

Providing a full circle of support to teachers in an inclusive elementary school, the Newberry Elementary School (NES) principal and staff have worked for 5 years to ensure the inclusion of students with disabilities in general education classrooms. The authors would like to share their perceptions of how this full circle (the multiple systems) of…

Finding the Maximal Area of Bounded Polygons in a Circle

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rokach, Arie

2005-01-01

The article deals with the area of polygons that are inscribed in a given circle. Naturally, the following question arises: Among all n-polygons that are inscribed in a given circle, which one has the biggest area? Intuitively, it may be guessed that is suitable for secondary students, and without any use id calculus, but only using very…

The Box and the Circle--Two Systems of Life: A Model for Understanding Native-Non-Native Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Derrick, Jann

Working as a family systems therapist with Native and non-Native families, the author observed two opposing social systems. Non-native families systems typify "The Box System," whereas native family systems portray "The Circle System." A few characteristics of the Circle System are: (1) a focus on life and peacefulness; (2) females and children…

Understanding Girls' Circle as an Intervention on Perceived Social Support, Body Image, Self-Efficacy, Locus of Control, and Self-Esteem

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Steese, Stephanie; Dollette, Maya; Phillips, William; Hossfeld, Elizabeth; Matthews, Gail; Taormina, Giovanna

2006-01-01

The Girls' Circle is a support group for adolescent girls developed by Beth Hossfeld and Giovanna Taormina as a unique program that addresses the needs of girls by focusing on increasing connections, building empathic skills, and developing resiliency. The present study evaluates the effectiveness of the Girls' Circle intervention on improving…

Implementing the patient circle. Call on patients to help improve perceptions of health care quality.

PubMed

Ostasiewski, P; Fugate, D L

1994-01-01

Adapting the quality-circle concept to a health care setting helped one hospital solve a problem and boosted its image among patients. The "patient circle" technique is one step health care providers can take toward delivering "total customer value," a quality perception that can mean the difference between surviving and thriving in the future.

DETAIL VIEW OF PIEDMONT AVENUE TRAFFIC CIRCLE AT INTERSECTION OF ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

DETAIL VIEW OF PIEDMONT AVENUE TRAFFIC CIRCLE AT INTERSECTION OF CHANNING WAY. SEEN FROM EAST SIDE OF CIRCLE LOOKING NORTH AT 2395 PIEDMONT, SIGMA PI HOUSE BY FREDERICK H. REIMERS, 1928. Photograph by Brian Grogan, July 8, 2007 - Piedmont Way & the Berkeley Property Tract, East of College Avenue between Dwight Way & U.C. Memorial Stadium, Berkeley, Alameda County, CA

Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV)

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-15

FY13+ Phase I Buy Contractor: United Launch Services, LLC Contractor Location: 9501 East Panorama Circle Centennial , CO 80112 Contract Number...Contract Name: FY13+ Phase I Buy Contractor: United Launch Services, LLC Contractor Location: 9501 East Panorama Circle Centennial , CO 80112 Contract...FY12 EELV Launch Services (ELS5) Contractor: United Launch Services, LLC. Contractor Location: 9501 East Panorama Circle Centennial , CO 80112

Geometrical Solutions of Quadratic Equations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grewal, A. S.; Godloza, L.

1999-01-01

Demonstrates that the equation of a circle (x-h)2 + (y-k)2 = r2 with center (h; k) and radius r reduces to a quadratic equation x2-2xh + (h2 + k2 -r2) = O at the intersection with the x-axis. Illustrates how to determine the center of a circle as well as a point on a circle. (Author/ASK)

Method for construction of normalized cDNA libraries

DOEpatents

Soares, Marcelo B.; Efstratiadis, Argiris

1998-01-01

This invention provides a method to normalize a directional cDNA library constructed in a vector that allows propagation in single-stranded circle form comprising: (a) propagating the directional cDNA library in single-stranded circles; (b) generating fragments complementary to the 3' noncoding sequence of the single-stranded circles in the library to produce partial duplexes; (c) purifying the partial duplexes; (d) melting and reassociating the purified partial duplexes to appropriate Cot; and (e) purifying the unassociated single-stranded circles, thereby generating a normalized cDNA library. This invention also provides normalized cDNA libraries generated by the above-described method and uses of the generated libraries.

Method for construction of normalized cDNA libraries

DOEpatents

Soares, M.B.; Efstratiadis, A.

1998-11-03

This invention provides a method to normalize a directional cDNA library constructed in a vector that allows propagation in single-stranded circle form comprising: (a) propagating the directional cDNA library in single-stranded circles; (b) generating fragments complementary to the 3` noncoding sequence of the single-stranded circles in the library to produce partial duplexes; (c) purifying the partial duplexes; (d) melting and reassociating the purified partial duplexes to appropriate Cot; and (e) purifying the unassociated single-stranded circles, thereby generating a normalized cDNA library. This invention also provides normalized cDNA libraries generated by the above-described method and uses of the generated libraries. 19 figs.

Sometimes area counts more than number.

PubMed

Hurewitz, Felicia; Gelman, Rochel; Schnitzer, Brian

2006-12-19

Using an interference paradigm, we show across three experiments that adults' order judgments of numbers, sizes, or combined area of dots in pairs of arrays occur spontaneously and automatically, but at different speeds and levels of accuracy. Experiment 1 used circles whose sizes varied between but not within arrays. Variation in circle size interfered with judgments of which array had more circles. Experiment 2 used displays in which circle size varied within and between arrays. Between-array differences in the amount of "circle stuff" (area occupied by circles) interfered with judgments of number. Experiment 3 examined whether variation in number also interferes with judgments of area. Interference between discrete and continuous stimulus dimensions occurred in both directions, although it was stronger from the continuous to the discrete than vice versa. These results bear on interpretations of studies with infants and preschoolers wherein subjects respond on the basis of continuous quantity rather than discrete quantity. In light of our results with adults, these findings do not license the conclusion that young children cannot represent discrete quantity. Absent data on attentional hierarchies and speed of processing, it is premature to conclude that infant and child quantity processes are fundamentally different from that of adults.

Walking straight into circles.

PubMed

Souman, Jan L; Frissen, Ilja; Sreenivasa, Manish N; Ernst, Marc O

2009-09-29

Common belief has it that people who get lost in unfamiliar terrain often end up walking in circles. Although uncorroborated by empirical data, this belief has widely permeated popular culture. Here, we tested the ability of humans to walk on a straight course through unfamiliar terrain in two different environments: a large forest area and the Sahara desert. Walking trajectories of several hours were captured via global positioning system, showing that participants repeatedly walked in circles when they could not see the sun. Conversely, when the sun was visible, participants sometimes veered from a straight course but did not walk in circles. We tested various explanations for this walking behavior by assessing the ability of people to maintain a fixed course while blindfolded. Under these conditions, participants walked in often surprisingly small circles (diameter < 20 m), though rarely in a systematic direction. These results rule out a general explanation in terms of biomechanical asymmetries or other general biases [1-6]. Instead, they suggest that veering from a straight course is the result of accumulating noise in the sensorimotor system, which, without an external directional reference to recalibrate the subjective straight ahead, may cause people to walk in circles.

An unusual case of olecranon tuberculosis.

PubMed

Megas, Panagiotis; Karageorgos, Athanasios; Gliatis, Ioannis; Marangos, Markos

2008-08-01

A 67-year-old woman presented with erythema and swelling over her left elbow. She felt pain during palpation of the olecranon, while the range of elbow motion was slightly reduced (02 in circle-302 in circle-1302 in circle). She had been treated conservatively elsewhere for 3 months with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and splint immobilization. Radiographs and computed tomography showed an osteolytic area over the olecranon with cortex disruption. She underwent open biopsy of the olecranon, and the histologic features were compatible with tuberculosis. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated and she had a positive Mantoux test (14 mm). She mentioned no history of pulmonary disease and had a normal chest radiograph. She received antituberculous treatment (isoniazid, rifambin, and pyrazinamide) for 2 months without obvious improvement. She underwent surgical debridement of the olecranon while she continued antituberculous treatment for 12 months, discontinuing pyrazinamide after the third month. After the completion of antituberculous treatment, the patient was pain-free, without local signs of infection and with improved range of motion (02 in circle-202 in circle-1452 in circle). Early diagnosis and treatment of olecranon tuberculosis is of great value, and the prognosis is good when there is no spread in the elbow joint.

Orthonormal vector general polynomials derived from the Cartesian gradient of the orthonormal Zernike-based polynomials.

PubMed

Mafusire, Cosmas; Krüger, Tjaart P J

2018-06-01

The concept of orthonormal vector circle polynomials is revisited by deriving a set from the Cartesian gradient of Zernike polynomials in a unit circle using a matrix-based approach. The heart of this model is a closed-form matrix equation of the gradient of Zernike circle polynomials expressed as a linear combination of lower-order Zernike circle polynomials related through a gradient matrix. This is a sparse matrix whose elements are two-dimensional standard basis transverse Euclidean vectors. Using the outer product form of the Cholesky decomposition, the gradient matrix is used to calculate a new matrix, which we used to express the Cartesian gradient of the Zernike circle polynomials as a linear combination of orthonormal vector circle polynomials. Since this new matrix is singular, the orthonormal vector polynomials are recovered by reducing the matrix to its row echelon form using the Gauss-Jordan elimination method. We extend the model to derive orthonormal vector general polynomials, which are orthonormal in a general pupil by performing a similarity transformation on the gradient matrix to give its equivalent in the general pupil. The outer form of the Gram-Schmidt procedure and the Gauss-Jordan elimination method are then applied to the general pupil to generate the orthonormal vector general polynomials from the gradient of the orthonormal Zernike-based polynomials. The performance of the model is demonstrated with a simulated wavefront in a square pupil inscribed in a unit circle.

A Study of Traditional Circle Games of Five-Year-Old United States Public School Kindergarten Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rothlein, Liz; Einspruch, Eric

A total of 203 teachers of 5-year-olds in public school kindergartens representing 35 states responded to a questionnaire about traditional circle games. The teachers were asked to identify three of the favorite traditional circle games used in their classrooms and to indicate how often and how long the games were played. In addition, teachers…

Acquiring Combat Capability through Innovative Uses of Public-Private Partnerships

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-06-01

needed for a vital fiber -optic link near the Arctic Circle. Then, we will explore the history of the Energy Saving Performance Contracts (ESPCs...research examines Hannon Armstrong’s “fee for service contract” solution to funding the vital fiber -optic link near the Arctic Circle. The second...5 A. INNOVATIVE USE OF FEE FOR SERVICE CONTRACT .....................5 1. Introduction to the Arctic Circle Fiber

The Establishment of a Quality Circles Program and Its Effect on Employee Attitudes, Morale, and Performance at an Army Medical Treatment Facility.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-08-01

more times. Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa , a professor at the University of Tokyo and a board member of JUSE, used the efforts of Dr. Juran as the background for...his later work with quality circles. Dr. Ishikawa and the JUSE are generally credited with formalizing the modern Japanese quality circle technique in

Fostering Positive Peer Relations in the Primary Classroom through Circle Time and Co-Operative Games

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mary, Latisha

2014-01-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of co-operative games and circle time activities in fostering positive peer relations in two French Primary classrooms (N = 40). It presents French teachers' and pupils' perceptions of a set of co-operative games and circle time activities implemented within a year long study on personal, social…

Media Literacy as Mindful Practice for Democratic Education. A Response to "Transaction Circles with Digital Texts as a Foundation for Democratic Practices"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Redmond, Theresa

2016-01-01

This essay is a response to Brown's (2015) article describing her strategy of transaction circles as a student-centered, culturally responsive, and democratic literacy practice. In my response, I provide further evidence from the field of media literacy education (MLE) that serves to enhance Brown's argument for using transaction circles in order…

Air Vehicle Path Planning

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-12-13

6-18 6.13. Apollonius Circle for the Case of Two Unequal Power Radars . . . 6-20 6.14. Solution Triangle...Voronoi edge is an Apollonius circle [32, 19]. In this section, we are concerned with the optimality of the Voronoi path for the two radar exposure...Comparison of Cost vs. Path Length for Constrained Trajectories Around and Between Two Radars 6-18 from the two radars is an Apollonius circle

Short-Term Impacts of Student Listening Circles on Student Perceptions of School Climate and of Their Own Competencies. REL 2017-210

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hanson, Thomas; Polik, Jeff; Cerna, Rebeca

2017-01-01

An activity for eliciting student involvement in collaborative decision-making and problem-solving with adults--the student listening circle workshop--is examined for the first time through an experimental study of its effects on participating students. A student listening circle is a facilitated focus group in which students articulate to adults…

Study Circles at the Pharmacy--A New Model for Diabetes Education in Groups.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sarkadi, Anna; Rosenqvist, Urban

1999-01-01

Tests the feasibility of a one-year group education model for patients with type 2 diabetes in Sweden. Within study circles led by pharmacists, participants learned to self-monitor glucose, to interpret the results and to act upon them. Results show that study circles held at pharmacies are a feasible way of education persons with type 2 diabetes.…

To Believe the Past or to Trust the Future

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jin, Fengtao; Zhou, Zhaoyan

2012-01-01

A small ball rolls down from a quarter-circle to a frictionless plane. What will be the magnitude of the normal force when the ball arrives at the tangent point of the circle and the plane? According to the centripetal force formula, the normal force will be 3 "mg" when the curvature radius of the circle is considered, but will be "mg" instead…

Talking Circles for Adolescent Girls in an Urban High School: A Restorative Practices Program for Building Friendships and Developing Emotional Literacy Skills

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schumacher, Martha Ann

2012-01-01

Restorative Practices and Restorative Justice programs in schools are a new and emerging field. Meeting in Circles to build community, resolve conflict, and learn interactively are core components of these programs. This ethnographic study, which took place February 2010 to December 2011, evaluates 12 small, out-of-classroom Talking Circles for 60…

CIRCLE Enhancement After Myopic SMILE.

PubMed

Siedlecki, Jakob; Luft, Nikolaus; Mayer, Wolfgang J; Siedlecki, Martin; Kook, Daniel; Meyer, Bertram; Bechmann, Martin; Wiltfang, Rainer; Priglinger, Siegfried G; Dirisamer, Martin

2018-05-01

To report the outcomes of enhancement after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) using the VisuMax CIRCLE option (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany), which converts the SMILE cap into a femtosecond LASIK flap for secondary excimer laser application. Of 2,065 SMILE procedures, 22 eyes (1.1%) re-treated with CIRCLE with a follow-up of 3 months were included in the analysis. SMILE was performed in the usual manner. For re-treatment, the CIRCLE procedure was performed with pattern D flap creation on the VisuMax system and subsequent excimer laser ablation with a Zeiss MEL 90 laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec) with plano target in all cases. Spherical equivalent was -5.56 ± 2.22 diopters (D) before SMILE and -0.51 ± 1.08 D before CIRCLE. CIRCLE enhancement was performed after a mean of 10.0 ± 7.9 months, allowed for safe flap lifting in all eyes, and resulted in a final manifest refraction spherical equivalent of 0.18 ± 0.31 D at 3 months (P < .008). The number of eyes within 0.50 and 1.00 D from target refraction increased from 31.8% to 90.9% and from 77.3% to 100%, respectively. Mean uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) had already improved from 0.37 ± 0.16 to 0.08 ± 0.16 logMAR at 1 week (P < .0001), resulting in 0.03 ± 0.07 logMAR at 3 months (P < .0001). All eyes gained at least one line of UDVA. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) remained unchanged at all time points (before vs after CIRCLE, P = .40). Two eyes (9.1 %) lost one line of CDVA; no eye lost two or more lines. The safety and efficacy indices were 1.03 and 0.97 at 3 months. The CIRCLE procedure represents an effective re-treatment option after SMILE. Compared to surface ablation re-treatment after SMILE, CIRCLE seems to offer advantages in respect to speed of visual recovery, safety, and predictability, but at the price of flap creation. [J Refract Surg. 2018;34(5):304-309.]. Copyright 2018, SLACK Incorporated.

Primer-optimized results and trends for circular phasing and other circle-to-circle impulsive coplanar rendezvous

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sandrik, Suzannah

Optimal solutions to the impulsive circular phasing problem, a special class of orbital maneuver in which impulsive thrusts shift a vehicle's orbital position by a specified angle, are found using primer vector theory. The complexities of optimal circular phasing are identified and illustrated using specifically designed Matlab software tools. Information from these new visualizations is applied to explain discrepancies in locally optimal solutions found by previous researchers. Two non-phasing circle-to-circle impulsive rendezvous problems are also examined to show the applicability of the tools developed here to a broader class of problems and to show how optimizing these rendezvous problems differs from the circular phasing case.

KSC01padig214

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-19

KENNEDY SPACE STATION, FLA. -- Space Shuttle Endeavour hurtles into a clear blue sky from Launch Pad 39A on mission STS-100. On the horizon is the Atlantic Ocean. Liftoff of the ninth flight to the International Space Station occurred at 2:40:42 p.m. EDT. The 11-day mission will deliver and integrate the Spacelab Logistics Pallet/Launch Deployment Assembly, which includes the Space Station Remote Manipulator System and the UHF Antenna. The mission includes two planned spacewalks for installation of the SSRMS on the Station. Also onboard is the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Raffaello, carrying resupply stowage racks and resupply/return stowage platforms. (Photo by Red Huber, Orlando Sentinel)

Interior Reconstruction Using the 3d Hough Transform

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dumitru, R.-C.; Borrmann, D.; Nüchter, A.

2013-02-01

Laser scanners are often used to create accurate 3D models of buildings for civil engineering purposes, but the process of manually vectorizing a 3D point cloud is time consuming and error-prone (Adan and Huber, 2011). Therefore, the need to characterize and quantify complex environments in an automatic fashion arises, posing challenges for data analysis. This paper presents a system for 3D modeling by detecting planes in 3D point clouds, based on which the scene is reconstructed at a high architectural level through removing automatically clutter and foreground data. The implemented software detects openings, such as windows and doors and completes the 3D model by inpainting.

The SPRING Nanoenergetics Hub at UTD

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

synthesis and processing of advanced nanostructured materials, the structure and property characterization needed for materials optimization, the...nano-particles into hexane solvent a deposited films. Here we are modeling that processes to see how the droplet evaporation progresses in time. What...nanofibers was determined by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Scintag XDS 2000 X-ray diffractometer with Cu Ka radiation). The fiber morphology was

Crystal and Vibrational Structure of Energetic 3,5-dinitro 1,3,5-oxadiazinane (DOD) by Single Crystal X-ray Diffractometry and Raman Spectroscopy

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-03-19

calculations using a temperature of 298 K. 15. SUBJECT TERMS 3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-oxadiazinane (DOD), X-ray crystallography , Raman, energetic material...X-ray analysis. 2.2 Characterization X-ray Crystallography . DOD crystals were characterized with a SuperNova, Dualflex, EosS2 diffractometer using

Low dose radiation damage effects in silicon strip detectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wiącek, P.; Dąbrowski, W.

2016-11-01

The radiation damage effects in silicon segmented detectors caused by X-rays have become recently an important research topic driven mainly by development of new detectors for applications at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (E-XFEL). However, radiation damage in silicon strip is observed not only after extreme doses up to 1 GGy expected at E-XFEL, but also at doses in the range of tens of Gy, to which the detectors in laboratory instruments like X-ray diffractometers or X-ray spectrometers can be exposed. In this paper we report on investigation of radiation damage effects in a custom developed silicon strip detector used in laboratory diffractometers equipped with X-ray tubes. Our results show that significant degradation of detector performance occurs at low doses, well below 200 Gy, which can be reached during normal operation of laboratory instruments. Degradation of the detector energy resolution can be explained by increasing leakage current and increasing interstrip capacitance of the sensor. Another observed effect caused by accumulation of charge trapped in the surface oxide layer is change of charge division between adjacent strips. In addition, we have observed unexpected anomalies in the annealing process.

Literature Circles in a Fifth Grade Classroom: A Qualitative Study Examining How the Teacher and Students Used Literature Circles and the Impact They Have on Student Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pambianchi, Laura Claypool

2017-01-01

State and national standards, including the Common Core State Standards, state that students should be expected to learn to discuss and analyze texts, comprehend ideas in increasingly complex texts, and justify their thinking. Literature circles are an instructional practice suggested by many educational writers as an instructional practice that…

Change in Ragweed Pollen Season, 1995-2015

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This figure shows how the length of ragweed pollen season changed at 11 locations in the central United States and Canada between 1995 and 2015. Data were provided by Dr. Lewis Ziska of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Red circles represent a longer pollen season; the blue circle represents a shorter season. Larger circles indicate larger changes. For more information: www.epa.gov/climatechange/science/indicators

Discovering Social Circles in Ego Networks (Author’s Manuscript)

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-10

ego-network. We expect that circles are formed by densely-connected sets of alters ( Newman , 2006). However, different circles overlap heavily, i.e...umbrella of community detection (Lancichinetti and Fortunato, 2009a; Schaeffer, 2007; Leskovec et al., 2010; Porter et al., 2009; Newman , 2004). While...MCMC) sampler ( Newman and Barkema, 1999) which efficiently updates node-community memberships by ‘collapsing’ nodes that have common features and

Sets that Contain Their Circle Centers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Greg

2008-01-01

Say that a subset S of the plane is a "circle-center set" if S is not a subset of a line, and whenever we choose three non-collinear points from S, the center of the circle through those three points is also an element of S. A problem appearing on the Macalester College Problem of the Week website stated that a finite set of points in the plane,…

Generic Environmental Impact Statement. Air Force Low Altitude Flying Operations. Preliminary Draft. Volume 3

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

landing strip at Circle. Lodging is available primarily at Circle Hot Springs, approximately 30 miles southwest of Circle. In general, hiking, snowmobiling... timberline ), coniferous forest, and several widespread deciduous species. Coniferous and deciduous forest, alpine and deciduous scrub, shrub tundra, and...white and paper birch, quaking aspen, and balsam poplar. Common shrub species (above and below timberline ) are alder, willow, glandular birch

Yoctomole electrochemical genosensing of Ebola virus cDNA by rolling circle and circle to circle amplification.

PubMed

Carinelli, S; Kühnemund, M; Nilsson, M; Pividori, M I

2017-07-15

This work addresses the design of an Ebola diagnostic test involving a simple, rapid, specific and highly sensitive procedure based on isothermal amplification on magnetic particles with electrochemical readout. Ebola padlock probes were designed to detect a specific L-gene sequence present in the five most common Ebola species. Ebola cDNA was amplified by rolling circle amplification (RCA) on magnetic particles. Further re-amplification was performed by circle-to-circle amplification (C2CA) and the products were detected in a double-tagging approach using a biotinylated capture probe for immobilization on magnetic particles and a readout probe for electrochemical detection by square-wave voltammetry on commercial screen-printed electrodes. The electrochemical genosensor was able to detect as low as 200 ymol, corresponding to 120 cDNA molecules of L-gene Ebola virus with a limit of detection of 33 cDNA molecules. The isothermal double-amplification procedure by C2CA combined with the electrochemical readout and the magnetic actuation enables the high sensitivity, resulting in a rapid, inexpensive, robust and user-friendly sensing strategy that offers a promising approach for the primary care in low resource settings, especially in less developed countries. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Promoting retention, enabling success: Discovering the potential of student support circles.

PubMed

Bass, Janice; Walters, Caroline; Toohill, Jocelyn; Sidebotham, Mary

2016-09-01

Retention of students is critical to education programs and future workforce. A mixed methods study evaluated student engagement within a Bachelor of Midwifery program and connection with career choice through participation in student support circles. Centred on the Five Senses of Success Framework (sense of capability, purpose, identity, resourcefulness and connectedness) and including four stages of engagement (creating space, preparing self, sharing stories, focused conversations), the circles support and develop student and professional identity. Of 80 students 43 (54%) provided responses to a two item survey assessed against a five point Likert scale to determine utility. Using a nominal group technique, student's voices gave rich insight into the personal and professional growth that participation in the student support circles provided. Evaluated as helpful to first year students in orientating to university study and early socialisation into the profession, the circles appear to influence the development of a strong sense of professional identity and personal midwifery philosophy based on the relational nature of the midwife being with woman rather than doing midwifery. This suggests that student support circles positively influence perceptions and expectations, contributing to a shared sense of purpose and discipline connection, for enhancing student retention and future workforce participation. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of stern hull shape on turning circle of ships

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaswar, Maimun, A.; Wahid, M. A.; Priyanto, A.; Zamani, Pauzi, Saman

2012-06-01

Many factors such as: stern hull shape, length, draught, trim, propulsion system and external forces affecting the drift angle influence rate of turn and size of turning circle of ships. This paper discusses turning circle characteristics of U and V stern hull shape of Very Large Crude Oil Carrier (VLCC) ships. The ships have same principal dimension such as length, beam, and draught. The turning circle characteristics of the VLCC ships are simulated at 35 degree of rudder angle. In the analysis, firstly, turning circle performance of U-type VLCC ship is simulated. In the simulation, initial ship speed is determined using given power and rpm. Hydrodynamic derivatives coefficients are determined by including effect of fullness of aft run. Using the obtained, speed and hydrodynamic coefficients, force and moment acting on hull, force and moment induced by propeller, force and moment induced by rudder are determined. Finally, ship trajectory, ratio of speed, yaw angle and drift angle are determined. Results of simulation results of the VLCC ship are compared with the experimental one as validation. Using the same method, V-type VLCC is simulated and the simulation results are compared with U-type VLCC ship. Results shows the turning circle of U-type is larger than V-type due to effect stern hul results of simulation are.

The Effect of the Type and Colour of Placebo Stimuli on Placebo Effects Induced by Observational Learning.

PubMed

Świder, Karolina; Bąbel, Przemysław

2016-01-01

Research shows that placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia can be induced through observational learning. Our aim was to replicate and extend these results by studying the influence of the type and colour of stimuli used as placebos on the placebo effects induced by observational learning. Three experimental and two control groups were tested. All participants received pain stimuli of the same intensity preceded by colour lights (green and red) or geometric shapes (circles and squares). Before receiving pain stimuli, participants in the experimental groups, but not in the control groups, observed a model who rated pain stimuli that were preceded by either green lights (green placebo group), red lights (red placebo group), or circles (circle placebo group) as being less painful than those preceded by either red lights (green placebo group), green lights (red placebo group), or squares (circle placebo group). As a result participants in the experimental groups rated pain stimuli preceded by either green lights (green placebo group), red lights (red placebo group), or circles (circle placebo group) as being less painful than the participants in the control groups did, indicating that placebo effect was induced. No statistically significant differences were found in the magnitudes of the placebo effects between the three experimental groups (green placebo, red placebo, and circle placebo groups), indicating that neither the type nor the colour of placebo stimuli affected the placebo effects induced by observational learning. The placebo effects induced by observational learning were found to be unrelated to the individual differences in pain anxiety, fear of pain, and empathy.

The Effect of the Type and Colour of Placebo Stimuli on Placebo Effects Induced by Observational Learning

PubMed Central

Świder, Karolina; Bąbel, Przemysław

2016-01-01

Research shows that placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia can be induced through observational learning. Our aim was to replicate and extend these results by studying the influence of the type and colour of stimuli used as placebos on the placebo effects induced by observational learning. Three experimental and two control groups were tested. All participants received pain stimuli of the same intensity preceded by colour lights (green and red) or geometric shapes (circles and squares). Before receiving pain stimuli, participants in the experimental groups, but not in the control groups, observed a model who rated pain stimuli that were preceded by either green lights (green placebo group), red lights (red placebo group), or circles (circle placebo group) as being less painful than those preceded by either red lights (green placebo group), green lights (red placebo group), or squares (circle placebo group). As a result participants in the experimental groups rated pain stimuli preceded by either green lights (green placebo group), red lights (red placebo group), or circles (circle placebo group) as being less painful than the participants in the control groups did, indicating that placebo effect was induced. No statistically significant differences were found in the magnitudes of the placebo effects between the three experimental groups (green placebo, red placebo, and circle placebo groups), indicating that neither the type nor the colour of placebo stimuli affected the placebo effects induced by observational learning. The placebo effects induced by observational learning were found to be unrelated to the individual differences in pain anxiety, fear of pain, and empathy. PMID:27362552

Long Terminal Repeat Circular DNA as Markers of Active Viral Replication of Human T Lymphotropic Virus-1 in Vivo.

PubMed

Fox, James M; Hilburn, Silva; Demontis, Maria-Antonietta; Brighty, David W; Rios Grassi, Maria Fernanda; Galvão-Castro, Bernardo; Taylor, Graham P; Martin, Fabiola

2016-03-14

Clonal expansion of human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infected cells in vivo is well documented. Unlike human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), HTLV-1 plasma RNA is sparse. The contribution of the "mitotic" spread of HTLV-1 compared with infectious spread of the virus to HTLV-1 viral burden in established infection is uncertain. Since extrachromosomal long terminal repeat (LTR) DNA circles are indicators of viral replication in HIV-1 carriers with undetectable plasma HIV RNA, we hypothesised that HTLV-1 LTR circles could indicate reverse transcriptase (RT) usage and infectious activity. 1LTR and 2LTR DNA circles were measured in HTLV-1 cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of asymptomatic carriers (ACs) and patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) or adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL). 1LTR DNA circles were detected in 14/20 patients at a mean of 1.38/100 PBMC but did not differentiate disease status nor correlate with HTLV-1 DNA copies. 2LTR DNA circles were detected in 30/31 patients and at higher concentrations in patients with HTLV-1-associated diseases, independent of HTLV-1 DNA load. In an incident case the 2LTR DNA circle concentration increased 2.1 fold at the onset of HAM/TSP compared to baseline. Detectable and fluctuating levels of HTLV-1 DNA circles in patients indicate viral RT usage and virus replication. Our results indicate HTLV-1 viral replication capacity is maintained in chronic infection and may be associated with disease onset.

The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic and mineral resource maps of the Circle quadrangle, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Foster, Helen Laura; Menzie, W.D.; Cady, J.W.; Simpson, S.L.; Aleinikoff, J.N.; Wilson, Frederic H.; Tripp, R.B.

1987-01-01

The geology, geochemistry, geophysics, and Landsat imagery of the Circle quadrangle were investigated by an interdisciplinary research team for the purpose of assessing the mineral potential of the area. The quadrangle covers approximately 15,765 km2 in east-central Alaska; most of it is included in the mountainous Yukon-Tanana Upland physiographic division, but the northernmost part is in the low-lying Yukon Flats section. The Circle mining district, in the east-central part of the quadrangle, has been a major producing area of placer gold since its discovery in 1893. For descriptive purposes, the Circle quadrangle is divided into three areas: the northwest Circle quadrangle, the area north of the Tintina fault zone, and the area south of the Tintina fault zone. The Tintina fault zone extends northwesterly through the northern part of the quadrangle. The northwest Circle quadrangle contains mostly folded and faulted, slightly metamorphosed sedimentary rocks that are intruded by Tertiary granitic plutons. In the northern part of the area north of the Tintina fault zone (Little Crazy Mountains and northern east Crazy Mountains), the rocks consist primarily of the gabbro and basalt of the Circle Volcanics and minor associated chert, graywacke, and limestone. Elsewhere in this area (south of the Circle Volcanics and in the western Crazy Mountains), the rocks are mostly slightly metamorphosed Paleozoic sedimentary rocks that have been folded and faulted. Rocks in the largest part of the quadrangle, the area south of the Tintina fault zone, consist largely of pelitic rocks that are regionally metamorphosed to greenschist and amphibolite facies. Felsic plutons, mostly Tertiary in age, occur throughout the area. The metamorphic rocks are separated from sedimentary rocks on the northwest by thrust faulting. The aeromagnetic and gravity data show clear differences between the areas north and south of the Tintina fault zone. The metamorphic terrane to the south has low overall gravity and local gravity lows over exposed granitic plutons. It is hypothesized that magnetic chlorite schist infolded with nonmagnetic quartzite and schist account for east-northeast-trending magnetic highs that approximately parallel the regional strike of the most prominent foliation in the metamorphic rocks. North of the Tintina fault zone, the Circle Volcanics are characterized by high gravity and east-west-trending magnetic highs. The Tintina fault zone has an intense magnetic high near the western margin of the Circle quadrangle overlying the magnetic granodiorite of the Victoria Mountain pluton. A magnetic high near Circle Hot Springs is less intense, but broader, and could reflect a buried magnetic pluton similar to that of the Victoria Mountain pluton. Computer-enhanced Landsat images of the Circle quadrangle show trends and patterns of concentrations of linear features. Features trending northeast-southwest predominate throughout the quadrangle; northwest-southeast-trending linear features are found mostly south of the Tintina fault zone. High concentrations of linear features were not found to correspond to areas of known mineralization in any consistent or significant way that could presently be used in locating areas of mineralization. Geochemical and mineralogical studies of stream sediment and heavy-mineral concentrates from the Circle quadrangle identify areas of anomalous concentrations of metallic elements, including gold, silver, tin, tungsten, lead, antimony, zinc, thorium, uranium, and beryllium. The data delineate areas of known mineral occurrences and areas that may contain undiscovered mineral resources. To date, placer gold has been the only significant metallic mineral resource from the Circle quadrangle, but the general geologic setting, especially the presence of post-orogenic plutons, is similar to that of regions that contain tin greisen deposits, tungsten skarn deposits, lode gold deposits in metasedimentary roc

Baseline and Multimodal UAV GCS Interface Design

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

information queries). 2 Calhoun et al. (2004) Different musical chords and intervals. Priority level of a late-arriving UAV. 4 Graham and...tactors (the lower levels ones especially) would be on for much longer durations as the UAV’s attitude upset increases. 2.2.2.7.2 Uni- centred Circles...in uni- centred circles. Figure 2.12: Tactor formation for the uni- centred circles of tactors. In this type of display, the tactors which are

Studying the Ability of 7th Grade Students to Define the Circle and Its Elements in the Context of Mathematical Language

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Akarsu, Esra; Yilmaz, Süha

2015-01-01

In this study, it was aimed to study the mathematical language skills that the 7th grade students use in defining the circle and its elements. In the study, the mathematical language skills of students that they use in defining the circle and its elements in a scenario were compared to the mathematical language skills they use in defining them…

Nonformal Learning and Well-Being among Older Adults: Links between Participation in Swedish Study Circles, Feelings of Well-Being and Social Aspects of Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Åberg, Pelle

2016-01-01

How does participation in nonformal learning influence the self-perceived well-being among older adults? This article looks into that issue through a study of people aged 65 years or older who have participated in Swedish study circles. The data analyzed consists of a nation-wide survey of study circle participants. The results show that there are…

A Survey of Terrain Modeling Technologies and Techniques

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-09-01

Washington , DC 20314-1000 ERDC/TEC TR-08-2 ii Abstract: Test planning, rehearsal, and distributed test events for Future Combat Systems (FCS) require...distance) for all five lines of control points. Blue circles are errors of DSM (original data), red squares are DTM (bare Earth, processed by Intermap...circles are DSM, red squares are DTM ........... 8 5 Distribution of errors for line No. 729. Blue circles are DSM, red squares are DTM

The pentag meridian circle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nemiro, A. A.

The opticomechanical scheme of a pentag meridian circle is presented. The central rotating part of the instrument, made of sitall (cer-vit), is compact and uniform, making it possible to minimize the gravitational and thermal deformations. It is shown that variations of the orientation of the central part do not affect observations because of the use of the pentag. Formulas are presented for determining the collimation error and zero point of the circle using autocollimation readings.

Effective size of certain macroscopic quantum superpositions.

PubMed

Dür, Wolfgang; Simon, Christoph; Cirac, J Ignacio

2002-11-18

Several experiments and experimental proposals for the production of macroscopic superpositions naturally lead to states of the general form /phi(1)>( multiply sign in circle N)+/phi 2 >( multiply sign in circle N), where the number of subsystems N is very large, but the states of the individual subsystems have large overlap, // 2=1-epsilon 2. We propose two different methods for assigning an effective particle number to such states, using ideal Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states of the form /0>( multiply sign in circle n)+/1>( multiply sign in circle n) as a standard of comparison. The two methods are based on decoherence and on a distillation protocol, respectively. Both lead to an effective size n of the order of N epsilon 2.

Introducing Motion in a Circle.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roche, John

2001-01-01

Motion in a circle troubled Newton and his contemporaries and troubles students today. Presents a clear presentation of certain aspects, particularly centripetal acceleration and centrifugal force. (Author/MM)

Description and crystal structure of albrechtschraufite, MgCa4F2[UO2(CO3)3]2ṡ17-18H2O

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mereiter, Kurt

2013-04-01

Albrechtschraufite, MgCa4F2[UO2(CO3)3]2ṡ17-18H2O, triclinic, space group Pī, a = 13.569(2), b = 13.419(2), c = 11.622(2) Å, α = 115.82(1), β = 107.61(1), γ = 92.84(1)° (structural unit cell, not reduced), V = 1774.6(5) Å3, Z = 2, D c = 2.69 g/cm3 (for 17.5 H2O), is a mineral that was found in small amounts with schröckingerite, NaCa3F[UO2(CO3)3](SO4)ṡ10H2O, on a museum specimen of uranium ore from Joachimsthal (Jáchymov), Czech Republic. The mineral forms small grain-like subhedral crystals (≤ 0.2 mm) that resemble in appearance liebigite, Ca2[UO2(CO3)3]ṡ ~ 11H2O. Colour pale yellow-green, luster vitreous, transparent, pale bluish green fluorescence under ultraviolet light. Optical data: Biaxial negative, nX = 1.511(2), nY = 1.550(2), nZ = 1.566(2), 2 V = 65(1)° ( λ = 589 nm), r < v weak. After qualitative tests had shown the presence of Ca, U, Mg, CO2 and H2O, the chemical formula was determined by a crystal structure analysis based on X-ray four-circle diffractometer data. The structure was later on refined with data from a CCD diffractometer to R1 = 0.0206 and wR2 = 0.0429 for 9,236 independent observed reflections. The crystal structure contains two independent [UO2(CO3)3]4- anions of which one is bonded to two Mg and six Ca while the second is bonded to only one Mg and three Ca. Magnesium forms a MgF2(Ocarbonate)3(H2O) octahedron that is linked via the F atoms with three Ca atoms so as to provide each F atom with a flat pyramidal coordination by one Mg and two Ca. Calcium is 7- and 8-coordinate forming CaFO6, CaF2O2(H2O)4, CaFO3(H2O)4 and CaO2(H2O)6 coordination polyhedra. The crystal structure is built up from MgCa3F2[UO2(CO3)3]ṡ8H2O layers parallel to (001) which are linked by Ca[UO2(CO3)3]ṡ5H2O moieties into a framework of the composition MgCa4F2[UO2(CO3)3]ṡ13H2O. Five additional water molecules are located in voids of the framework and show large displacement parameters. One of the water positions is partly vacant, leading to a total water content of 17-18H2O per formula unit. The MgCa3F2[UO2(CO3)3]ṡ8H2O layers are pseudosymmetric according to plane group symmetry cmm. The remaining constituents do not sustain this pseudosymmetry and make the entire structure truly triclinic. A characteristic paddle-wheel motif Ca[UO2(CO3)3]4Ca relates the structure of albrechtschraufite partly to that of andersonite and two synthetic alkali calcium uranyl tricarbonates.

Probing the Site for r-Process Nucleosynthesis with Abundances of Barium and Magnesium in Extremely Metal-poor Stars.

PubMed

Tsujimoto; Shigeyama; Yoshii

2000-03-01

We suggest that if the astrophysical site for r-process nucleosynthesis in the early Galaxy is confined to a narrow mass range of Type II supernova (SN II) progenitors, with a lower mass limit of Mms=20 M middle dot in circle, a unique feature in the observed distribution of [Ba/Mg] versus [Mg/H] for extremely metal-poor stars can be adequately reproduced. We associate this feature, a bifurcation of the observed elemental ratios into two branches in the Mg abundance interval -3.7

CircleBoard-Pro: Concrete manipulative-based learning cycle unit for learning geometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jamhari, Wongkia, Wararat

2018-01-01

Currently, a manipulative is commonly used in mathematics education as a supported tool for teaching and learning. With engaging natural interaction of a concrete manipulative and advantages of a learning cycle approach, we proposed the concrete manipulative-based learning cycle unit to promote mathematics learning. Our main objectives are to observe possibilities on the use of a concrete manipulative in learning geometry, and to assess students' understanding of a specific topic, angle properties in a circle, of secondary level students. To meet the first objective, the concrete manipulative, called CricleBoard-Pro, was designed. CircleBoard-Pro is built for easy to writing on or deleting from, accurate angle measurement, and flexible movement. Besides, learning activities and worksheets were created for helping students to learn angle properties in a circle. Twenty eighth graders on a lower secondary school in Indonesia were voluntarily involved to learn mathematics using CircleBoard-Pro with the designed learning activities and worksheets. We informally observed students' performance by focusing on criteria of using manipulative tools in learning mathematics while the learning activities were also observed in terms of whether they work and which step of activities need to be improved. The results of this part showed that CircleBoard-Pro complied the criteria of the use of the manipulative in learning mathematics. Nevertheless, parts of learning activities and worksheets need to be improved. Based on the results of the observation, CircleBoard-Pro, learning activities, and worksheets were merged together and became the CircleBoardPro embedded on 5E (Engage - Explore - Explain - Elaborate - Evaluate) learning cycle unit. Then, students understanding were assessed to reach the second objective. Six ninth graders from an Indonesian school in Thailand were recruited to participate in this study. Conceptual tests for both pre-and post-test, and semi-structured interview were used. Students' pre-and post-test answers were analyzed not only by descriptive statistics but also in qualitatively discussion. The dialogues between the interviewer and interviewees were transcribed and analyzed to find in-depth understanding. Finally, we can conclude that the participated students had better comprehension of angle properties in a circle even they could not perform proof by themselves. For further study, we will focus on how we can help students to develop their geometric thinking.

Foreign Language Circles of Knowledge.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schiffer, Deana

1981-01-01

Describes use of Circles of Knowledge designed to generate excitement about foreign language learning as technique for individualized instruction. Includes guidelines for using, organizing, and implementing this method. (BK)

Zernike expansion of derivatives and Laplacians of the Zernike circle polynomials.

PubMed

Janssen, A J E M

2014-07-01

The partial derivatives and Laplacians of the Zernike circle polynomials occur in various places in the literature on computational optics. In a number of cases, the expansion of these derivatives and Laplacians in the circle polynomials are required. For the first-order partial derivatives, analytic results are scattered in the literature. Results start as early as 1942 in Nijboer's thesis and continue until present day, with some emphasis on recursive computation schemes. A brief historic account of these results is given in the present paper. By choosing the unnormalized version of the circle polynomials, with exponential rather than trigonometric azimuthal dependence, and by a proper combination of the two partial derivatives, a concise form of the expressions emerges. This form is appropriate for the formulation and solution of a model wavefront sensing problem of reconstructing a wavefront on the level of its expansion coefficients from (measurements of the expansion coefficients of) the partial derivatives. It turns out that the least-squares estimation problem arising here decouples per azimuthal order m, and per m the generalized inverse solution assumes a concise analytic form so that singular value decompositions are avoided. The preferred version of the circle polynomials, with proper combination of the partial derivatives, also leads to a concise analytic result for the Zernike expansion of the Laplacian of the circle polynomials. From these expansions, the properties of the Laplacian as a mapping from the space of circle polynomials of maximal degree N, as required in the study of the Neumann problem associated with the transport-of-intensity equation, can be read off within a single glance. Furthermore, the inverse of the Laplacian on this space is shown to have a concise analytic form.

Differential involvement of dopamine D-1 and D-2 receptors in the circling behaviour induced by apomorphine, SK & F 38393, pergolide and LY 171555 in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats.

PubMed

Arnt, J; Hyttel, J

1985-01-01

The antagonistic effect of dopamine (DA) D-1 and D-2 antagonists against circling behaviour induced by various DA agonists in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats has been investigated. DA D-1/D-2 selectivity of agonists in vitro was measured by the stimulatory effect on DA-sensitive adenylate cyclase in rat striatal homogenates (D-1), the inhibitory effect on electrically-induced release of 3H-DA in rabbit striatal slices (D-2) and the affinity to 3H-piflutixol (D-1) and 3H-spiroperidol (D-2) binding sites in rat striatal membranes. The contralateral circling behaviour induced by the DA D-1 agonist SK & F 38393 was blocked by the DA D-1 antagonist, SCH 23390, and by the mixed DA D-1/D-2 antagonist cis(Z)-flupentixol, but was not influenced by the DA D-2 antagonists spiroperidol and clebopride. In contrast, circling behaviour induced by the preferential DA D-2 agonists pergolide and LY 171555 was blocked by clebopride, spiroperidol, and cis(Z)-flupentixol, but weakly or not influenced by SCH 23390. Apomorphine-induced circling behaviour was blocked by cis(Z)-flupentixol, partially antagonized by SCH 23390 and clebopride but not inhibited by spiroperidol, although the time-course of circling was changed. Combinations of SCH 23390 with spiroperidol or clebopride in low doses completely blocked the effect of apomorphine. These results indicate that DA D-1 and D-2 receptors mediate circling behaviour through separate mechanisms which can be independently manipulated with respective agonists and antagonists.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Advances in Social Circles Detection

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-01

Acknowledgements En primer lugar , agradecer a Roberto Paredes y Paolo Rosso la oportunidad de trabajar en el centro de investigación PRHLT, gracias a...Politècnica De València Technology Transfer Office_CTT UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE VALÈNCIA - ABSTRACT Advances in Social Circles Detection Report Title...Our work opens the door to several lines of future work. Universitat Politècnica de València Trabajo de Fin de Máster Advances in Social Circles

The Use of "Circle of Friends" Strategy to Improve Social Interactions and Social Acceptance: A Case Study of a Child with Asperger's Syndrome and Other Associated Needs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Connor, Eileen

2016-01-01

The study outlined here was an attempt to examine the use of "Circle of Friends" as a single intervention approach in addressing the issue of inappropriate social interactions in a child with Asperger Syndrome. The child selected was in a mainstream setting, as the main feature of a circle of friends is peers supporting peers. The child…

EFFICACY OF THE 20-WEEK CIRCLE OF SECURITY INTERVENTION: CHANGES IN CAREGIVER REFLECTIVE FUNCTIONING, REPRESENTATIONS, AND CHILD ATTACHMENT IN AN AUSTRALIAN CLINICAL SAMPLE.

PubMed

Huber, Anna; McMahon, Catherine A; Sweller, Naomi

2015-01-01

Circle of Security is an attachment theory based intervention that aims to promote secure parent-child attachment relationships. Despite extensive uptake of the approach, there is limited empirical evidence regarding efficacy. The current study examined whether participation in the 20-week Circle of Security intervention resulted in positive caregiver-child relationship change in four domains: caregiver reflective functioning; caregiver representations of the child and the relationship with the child; child attachment security, and attachment disorganization. Archived pre- and postintervention data were analyzed from 83 clinically referred caregiver-child dyads (child age: 13-88 months) who completed the Circle of Security intervention in sequential cohorts and gave permission for their data to be included in the study. Caregivers completed the Circle of Security Interview, and dyads were filmed in the Strange Situation Procedure before and after the intervention. Results supported all four hypotheses: Caregiver reflective functioning, caregiving representations, and level of child attachment security increased after the intervention, and level of attachment disorganization decreased for those with high baseline levels. Those whose scores were least optimal prior to intervention showed the greatest change in all domains. This study adds to the evidence suggesting that the 20-week Circle of Security intervention results in significant relationship improvements for caregivers and their children. © 2015 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.

Efficient and simpler method to construct normalized cDNA libraries with improved representations of full-length cDNAs

DOEpatents

Soares, Marcelo Bento; Bonaldo, Maria de Fatima

1998-01-01

This invention provides a method to normalize a cDNA library comprising: (a) constructing a directionally cloned library containing cDNA inserts wherein the insert is capable of being amplified by polymerase chain reaction; (b) converting a double-stranded cDNA library into single-stranded DNA circles; (c) generating single-stranded nucleic acid molecules complementary to the single-stranded DNA circles converted in step (b) by polymerase chain reaction with appropriate primers; (d) hybridizing the single-stranded DNA circles converted in step (b) with the complementary single-stranded nucleic acid molecules generated in step (c) to produce partial duplexes to an appropriate Cot; and (e) separating the unhybridized single-stranded DNA circles from the hybridized DNA circles, thereby generating a normalized cDNA library. This invention also provides a method to normalize a cDNA library wherein the generating of single-stranded nucleic acid molecules complementary to the single-stranded DNA circles converted in step (b) is by excising cDNA inserts from the double-stranded cDNA library; purifying the cDNA inserts from cloning vectors; and digesting the cDNA inserts with an exonuclease. This invention further provides a method to construct a subtractive cDNA library following the steps described above. This invention further provides normalized and/or subtractive cDNA libraries generated by the above methods.

Efficient and simpler method to construct normalized cDNA libraries with improved representations of full-length cDNAs

DOEpatents

Soares, M.B.; Fatima Bonaldo, M. de

1998-12-08

This invention provides a method to normalize a cDNA library comprising: (a) constructing a directionally cloned library containing cDNA inserts wherein the insert is capable of being amplified by polymerase chain reaction; (b) converting a double-stranded cDNA library into single-stranded DNA circles; (c) generating single-stranded nucleic acid molecules complementary to the single-stranded DNA circles converted in step (b) by polymerase chain reaction with appropriate primers; (d) hybridizing the single-stranded DNA circles converted in step (b) with the complementary single-stranded nucleic acid molecules generated in step (c) to produce partial duplexes to an appropriate Cot; and (e) separating the unhybridized single-stranded DNA circles from the hybridized DNA circles, thereby generating a normalized cDNA library. This invention also provides a method to normalize a cDNA library wherein the generating of single-stranded nucleic acid molecules complementary to the single-stranded DNA circles converted in step (b) is by excising cDNA inserts from the double-stranded cDNA library; purifying the cDNA inserts from cloning vectors; and digesting the cDNA inserts with an exonuclease. This invention further provides a method to construct a subtractive cDNA library following the steps described above. This invention further provides normalized and/or subtractive cDNA libraries generated by the above methods. 25 figs.

Coloring your information: How designers use Theory of Color in creative ways to present infographic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lucius, C. R.; Fuad, A.

2017-12-01

Various methods of data presentation is now visualized through engaging infographics and perform the presentation techniques a new kind of storytelling. Geometric elements for infographics perform interesting data, which is developed with color harmony. There are categories of colors based on color circle from the theory of color design: primary color, secondary color and tertiary color. This color circle allows a designer to visualize the balance and harmony of colors when they are side by side. These composition of colors can be formed as a harmonious dyad, triad, or tetrads. A harmonious dyad is formed from two diametrically opposed colors on the color circle, which known as contrast complementary and works best in color harmonious if one of the colors is dominant. A harmonious triad is represented by three colors from the color circle which positions with an equilateral triangle. An triangle of yellow-red-blue shows the most powerful of harmonious triad and call as the fundamental triad. A harmonious tetrad is developed from two pairs of complementary colors, which can be formed by rectangle or square on the color circle. It help to figure out how objects are connected on presenting data. To create an efficiency infographic, presenting data has to prepare with some strategic. The color circle has the power to perform the infographic when it is made for a fascinating design.

The Experience of Native Peer Facilitators in the Campaign Against Type 2 Diabetes

PubMed Central

Struthers, Roxanne; Hodge, Felicia Schanche; De Cora, Lorelei; Geishirt-Cantrell, Betty

2011-01-01

Context The use of peer facilitators in health-programs has great potential. One important application is prevention and control of type 2 diabetes among American Indians. Purpose To explore the experience of American Indian facilitators in a culturally appropriate intervention (Talking Circles) on 2 Northern Plains reservations. The Talking Circles offered a forum for educational dialogue on diabetes risk factors and the management of type 2 diabetes. Methods Phenomenology, a qualitative research approach, was used to answer the research question: “What did Native Talking Circle facilitators-experience?” Participants were 4 lay health workers from the intervention reservations who had been trained to present a diabetes curriculum while coordinating and guiding the group discussion. During open-ended, taped interviews, the facilitators shared their experiences conducting the Talking Circles. Analysis categorized the experiences into common themes to explain the phenomena and cultural construction of oral discussions (Talking Circles) of diabetes. Findings Themes included the concept of “a calling” to do the work, which included a self-growth process, a blending of 2 worldviews as a diabetes intervention strategy, the importance of translating educational materials in a liaison role, and commitment to tribal people and communities. Conclusions The experience of the facilitators was positive because they were knowledgeable about American Indian culture arid worldview arid were trained in both Talking Circle facilitation and type 2 diabetes. PMID:12696854

Study of the peptide length and amino acid specific substitution in the antigenic activity of the chimeric synthetic peptides, containing the p19 core and gp46 envelope proteins of the HTLV-I virus.

PubMed

Marin, Milenen Hernández; Rodríguez-Tanty, Chryslaine; Higginson-Clarke, David; Bocalandro, Yadaris Márquez; Peña, Lilliam Pozo

2005-10-28

Four chimeric synthetic peptides (Q5, Q6, Q7(multiply sign in circle), and Q8(multiply sign in circle)), incorporating immunodominant epitopes of the core p19 (105-124 a.a.) and envelope gp46 proteins (175-205 a.a.), of HTLV-I were obtained. Also, two gp46 monomeric peptides M4 and M5(multiply sign in circle) (Ser at position 192) were synthesized. The analysis of the influence of the peptide lengths and the proline to serine substitution on the chimeric and monomeric peptides' antigenicity, with regard to the chimeric peptides Q1, Q2, Q3(multiply sign in circle), and Q4(multiply sign in circle), reported previously, for HTLV-I was carried out. The peptides' antigenicity was evaluated in an ultramicroenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (UMELISA) using sera of HTLV-I/II. The peptides' antigenicity was affected appreciably by the change of the peptide length and amino acid substitutions into the immunodominant sequence of gp46 peptide.

JPRS Report Science & Technology Japan

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-06-02

Electronics •Superconducting Wiring in LSI •One Wafer Computer •Josephson Devices •SQUID Devices Infrared Sensor Magnetic Sensor •Superconducting...Guinier- de Wolff monochromatic focusing camera (CoK* radiation) and with Philips APD-10 auto-powder diffractometer (CuKÄ radiation). Pure Si was used as...crystallized and smooth surface. The values indicated in Fig. 2 were the thickness monitored by a quartz oscillating sensor located near the

Single-crystal diffraction instrument TriCS at SINQ

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schefer, J.; Könnecke, M.; Murasik, A.; Czopnik, A.; Strässle, Th; Keller, P.; Schlumpf, N.

2000-03-01

The single-crystal diffractometer TriCS at the Swiss Continuous Spallation Source (SINQ) is presently in the commissioning phase. A two-dimensional wire detector produced by EMBL was delivered in March 1999. The instrument is presently tested with a single detector. First measurements on magnetic structures have been performed. The instrument is remotely controlled using JAVA-based software and a UNIX DEC-α host computer.

Better powder diffractometers. II—Optimal choice of U, V and W

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cussen, L. D.

2007-12-01

This article presents a technique for optimising constant wavelength (CW) neutron powder diffractometers (NPDs) using conventional nonlinear least squares methods. This is believed to be the first such design optimisation for a neutron spectrometer. The validity of this approach and discussion should extend beyond the Gaussian element approximation used and also to instruments using different radiation, such as X-rays. This approach could later be extended to include vertical and perhaps horizontal focusing monochromators and probably other types of instruments such as three axis spectrometers. It is hoped that this approach will help in comparisons of CW and time-of-flight (TOF) instruments. Recent work showed that many different beam element combinations can give identical resolution on CW NPDs and presented a procedure to find these combinations and also find an "optimum" choice of detector collimation. Those results enable the previous redundancy in the description of instrument performance to be removed and permit a least squares optimisation of design. New inputs are needed and are identified as the sample plane spacing ( dS) of interest in the measurement. The optimisation requires a "quality factor", QPD, chosen here to be minimising the worst Bragg peak separation ability over some measurement range ( dS) while maintaining intensity. Any other QPD desired could be substituted. It is argued that high resolution and high intensity powder diffractometers (HRPDs and HIPDs) should have similar designs adjusted by a single scaling factor. Simulated comparisons are described suggesting significant improvements in performance for CW HIPDs. Optimisation with unchanged wavelength suggests improvements by factors of about 2 for HRPDs and 25 for HIPDs. A recently quantified design trade-off between the maximum line intensity possible and the degree of variation of angular resolution over the scattering angle range leads to efficiency gains at short wavelengths. This in turn leads in practice to another trade-off between this efficiency gain and losses at short wavelength due to technical effects. The exact gains from varying wavelength depend on the details of the short wavelength technical losses. Simulations suggest that the total potential PD performance gains may be very significant-factors of about 3 for HRPDs and more than 90 for HIPDs.

Standard Reference Material (SRM 1990) for Single Crystal Diffractometer Alignment

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wong-Ng, W.; Siegrist, T.; DeTitta, G.T.; Finger, L.W.; Evans, H.T.; Gabe, E.J.; Enright, G.D.; Armstrong, J.T.; Levenson, M.; Cook, L.P.; Hubbard, C.R.

2001-01-01

An international project was successfully completed which involved two major undertakings: (1) a round-robin to demonstrate the viability of the selected standard and (2) the certification of the lattice parameters of the SRM 1990, a Standard Reference Material?? for single crystal diffractometer alignment. This SRM is a set of ???3500 units of Cr-doped Al2O3, or ruby spheres [(0 420.011 mole fraction % Cr (expanded uncertainty)]. The round-robin consisted of determination of lattice parameters of a pair of crystals' the ruby sphere as a standard, and a zeolite reference to serve as an unknown. Fifty pairs of crystals were dispatched from Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute to volunteers in x-ray laboratories world-wide. A total of 45 sets of data was received from 32 laboratories. The mean unit cell parameters of the ruby spheres was found to be a=4.7608 A?? ?? 0.0062 A??, and c=12.9979 A?? ?? 0.020 A?? (95 % intervals of the laboratory means). The source of errors of outlier data was identified. The SRM project involved the certification of lattice parameters using four well-aligned single crystal diffractometers at (Bell Laboratories) Lucent Technologies and at NRC of Canada (39 ruby spheres), the quantification of the Cr content using a combined microprobe and SEM/EDS technique, and the evaluation of the mosaicity of the ruby spheres using a double-crystal spectrometry method. A confirmation of the lattice parameters was also conducted using a Guinier-Ha??gg camera. Systematic corrections of thermal expansion and refraction corrections were applied. These rubies_ are rhombohedral, with space group R3c. The certified mean unit cell parameters are a=4.76080 ?? 0.00029 A??, and c=12 99568 A?? ?? 0.00087 A?? (expanded uncertainty). These certified lattice parameters fall well within the results of those obtained from the international round-robin study. The Guinier-Ha??gg transmission measurements on five samples of powdered rubies (a=4.7610 A?? ?? 0.0013 A??, and c=12.9954 A?? ?? 0.0034 A??) agreed well with the values obtained from the single crystal spheres.

Standard Reference Material (SRM 1990) For Single Crystal Diffractometer Alignment

PubMed Central

Wong-Ng, W.; Siegrist, T.; DeTitta, G. T.; Finger, L. W.; Evans, H. T.; Gabe, E. J.; Enright, G. D.; Armstrong, J. T.; Levenson, M.; Cook, L. P.; Hubbard, C. R.

2001-01-01

An international project was successfully completed which involved two major undertakings: (1) a round-robin to demonstrate the viability of the selected standard and (2) the certification of the lattice parameters of the SRM 1990, a Standard Reference Material® for single crystal diffractometer alignment. This SRM is a set of ≈3500 units of Cr-doped Al2O3, or ruby spheres [(0.420.011 mole fraction % Cr (expanded uncertainty)]. The round-robin consisted of determination of lattice parameters of a pair of crystals: the ruby sphere as a standard, and a zeolite reference to serve as an unknown. Fifty pairs of crystals were dispatched from Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute to volunteers in x-ray laboratories world-wide. A total of 45 sets of data was received from 32 laboratories. The mean unit cell parameters of the ruby spheres was found to be a=4.7608 ű0.0062 Å, and c=12.9979 ű0.020 Å (95 % intervals of the laboratory means). The source of errors of outlier data was identified. The SRM project involved the certification of lattice parameters using four well-aligned single crystal diffractometers at (Bell Laboratories) Lucent Technologies and at NRC of Canada (39 ruby spheres), the quantification of the Cr content using a combined microprobe and SEM/EDS technique, and the evaluation of the mosaicity of the ruby spheres using a double-crystal spectrometry method. A confirmation of the lattice parameters was also conducted using a Guinier-Hägg camera. Systematic corrections of thermal expansion and refraction corrections were applied. These rubies– are rhombohedral, with space group R3¯c. The certified mean unit cell parameters are a=4.76080±0.00029 Å, and c=12.99568 ű0.00087 Å (expanded uncertainty). These certified lattice parameters fall well within the results of those obtained from the international round-robin study. The Guinier-Hägg transmission measurements on five samples of powdered rubies (a=4.7610 ű0.0013 Å, and c = 12.9954 ű0.0034 Å) agreed well with the values obtained from the single crystal spheres. PMID:27500067

Women and Chemistry in Regency England: New Light on the Marcet Circle.

PubMed

Leigh, G Jeffery; Rocke, Alan J

2016-02-01

Jane Marcet's Conversations on Chemistry (first edition, 1806) was possibly the best-selling English-language chemistry book of the first half of the nineteenth century. Recent scholarship has explored the degree to which her husband assisted in the writing of the book, without diminishing the high merits of the author. Previously unpublished correspondence, some of which appears here for the first time, casts new light on the social and professional circle of Jane and Alexander Marcet, including its influence on Jane's book. One of the members of that circle was a hitherto unrecognised but highly capable young female chemist, Frederica Sebright. The story told here underlines the tensions in elite circles in early nineteenth-century England between broad-minded acceptance and patronising limitations for women in science.

Uncertainty Analysis for Angle Calibrations Using Circle Closure

PubMed Central

Estler, W. Tyler

1998-01-01

We analyze two types of full-circle angle calibrations: a simple closure in which a single set of unknown angular segments is sequentially compared with an unknown reference angle, and a dual closure in which two divided circles are simultaneously calibrated by intercomparison. In each case, the constraint of circle closure provides auxiliary information that (1) enables a complete calibration process without reference to separately calibrated reference artifacts, and (2) serves to reduce measurement uncertainty. We derive closed-form expressions for the combined standard uncertainties of angle calibrations, following guidelines published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and NIST. The analysis includes methods for the quantitative evaluation of the standard uncertainty of small angle measurement using electronic autocollimators, including the effects of calibration uncertainty and air turbulence. PMID:28009359

Are we indeed what we eat? Street food consumption in the Market Circle area of Takoradi, Ghana.

PubMed

Hiamey, Stephen Edem; Amuquandoh, Francis Eric; Boison, Grace Aba

2013-01-01

The paper examines street foods consumption in the Market Circle of Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana. The data used for the study were obtained from individuals who were either purchasing or consuming street foods in the Market Circle in August of 2011. The results revealed that the average consumer makes use of street foods six times in a week and there was a penchant for carbohydrate based foods over other types of street foods. Reasons including cost saving, convenience and eating on credit were noted to underlie the consumption of street foods in the area. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the high consumption of street foods in the Market Circle was for reasons other than nutrition and health. © The Author(s) 2015.

Easing The Calculation Of Bolt-Circle Coordinates

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burley, Richard K.

1995-01-01

Bolt Circle Calculation (BOLT-CALC) computer program used to reduce significant time consumed in manually computing trigonometry of rectangular Cartesian coordinates of holes in bolt circle as shown on blueprint or drawing. Eliminates risk of computational errors, particularly in cases involving many holes or in cases in which coordinates expressed to many significant digits. Program assists in many practical situations arising in machine shops. Written in BASIC. Also successfully compiled and implemented by use of Microsoft's QuickBasic v4.0.

MS in Your Relationships

MedlinePlus

... Disease T Cells d What Causes MS? Disproved Theories Viruses Clusters d Who Gets MS? Pediatric MS ... of Distinction Lawry Circle Circle of Influence d Planned Giving d Other Ways to Give Donate by ...

Primary-Progressive MS (PPMS)

MedlinePlus

... Disease T Cells d What Causes MS? Disproved Theories Viruses Clusters d Who Gets MS? Pediatric MS ... of Distinction Lawry Circle Circle of Influence d Planned Giving d Other Ways to Give Donate by ...

Progressive-Relapsing MS (PRMS)

MedlinePlus

... Disease T Cells d What Causes MS? Disproved Theories Viruses Clusters d Who Gets MS? Pediatric MS ... of Distinction Lawry Circle Circle of Influence d Planned Giving d Other Ways to Give Donate by ...

Secondary-Progressive MS (SPMS)

MedlinePlus

... Disease T Cells d What Causes MS? Disproved Theories Viruses Clusters d Who Gets MS? Pediatric MS ... of Distinction Lawry Circle Circle of Influence d Planned Giving d Other Ways to Give Donate by ...

Fatigue and Multiple Sclerosis

MedlinePlus

... Disease T Cells d What Causes MS? Disproved Theories Viruses Clusters d Who Gets MS? Pediatric MS ... of Distinction Lawry Circle Circle of Influence d Planned Giving d Other Ways to Give Donate by ...

The study circle as a tool in multiple sclerosis patient education in Sweden

PubMed Central

Landtblom, Anne-Marie; Lang, Cecilia; Flensner, Gullvi

2008-01-01

Objective Patient education plays an important role in the management of chronic diseases that can cause disability and predictable psychosocial problems. Quality of life assessment in multiple sclerosis (MS) has confirmed that psychosocial complications related to working life, marriage/partnership, and the family often occur. Furthermore, symptoms such as fatigue, pain, and sexual dysfunction have a great impact. We wanted to develop and implement study circles to promote the patients’ abilities to meet such common problems and to provide a network where they can be autonomous and develop appropriate strategies in self-care and existential problems. Methods Together with the MS patient organization and a study association, we have arranged study circles for patients with MS, thus providing structured information according to a pedagogic model. The patients are encouraged to work together in groups to learn about the disease and its key symptoms, to develop strategies to master these symptoms in everyday life, and to make necessary changes, ie, self-care management. The programme also contains handicap policies. Results Fifteen study circles with a total of 105 patients started during the first year. Fifteen circle leaders were approved. A focus interview showed that the patients are highly satisfied but also revealed some problems in interactions with health care professionals. The study circles were included in a wider project from a newly started multidisciplinary centre for health education for a variety of chronic diseases causing disability, which aims at becoming a regional interface between the health care system, patient organizations, and educational services. Conclusion The study circles have an important role to play in the management of MS. Good organization is required to make such a project work since health care services do not normally work so closely with patient organizations and educational services. Practice implications Study circles that are permanently established and function well are of great help for the patients and the work at the MS clinic is substantially facilitated. Health care professionals also gain from the arrangement by learning more about the self-perceived impact of the disease. PMID:19920967

Astronomical Characteristics of Cheonsang-yeolcha-bunyajido from the Perspective of Manufacturing Methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahn, Sang-Hyeon

2015-03-01

I investigated a method for drawing the star chart in the planisphere Cheonsang-yeolcha-bunyajido. The outline of the star chart can be constructed by considering the astronomical information given in the planisphere alone and the drawing method described in Xin-Tangshu; further the chart can be completed by using additional information on the shape and linking method of asterisms out of an inherited star chart. The circles of perpetual visibility, the equator, and the circle of perpetual invisibility are concentric, and their common center locates the Tianshu-xing, which was defined to be a pole star in the Han dynasty. The radius of the circle of perpetual visibility was modified in accordance with the latitude of Seoul, whereas the other circles were drawn for the latitude of 35°, which had been the reference latitude in ancient Chinese astronomy. The ecliptic was drawn as an exact circle by parallel transference of the equator circle to fix the location of the equinoxes at the positions recorded in the epitaph of the planisphere. The positions of equinoxes originated from the Han dynasty. The 365 ticks around the boundary of the circle of perpetual invisibility were possibly drawn by segmenting the circumference with an arc length instead of a chord length with the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter as accurate as 3.14 presumed. The 12 equatorial sectors were drawn on the boundary of the star-chart in accordance with the beginning and ending lodge angles given in the epitaph that originated from the Han dynasty. The determinative lines for the 28 lunar lodges were drawn to intersect their determinative stars, but seven determinative stars are deviated. According to the treatises of the Tang dynasty, these anomalies were inherited from charts of the period earlier than the Tang dynasty. Thus, the star chart in Cheonsang-yeolcha-bunyajido preserves the old tradition that had existed before the present Chinese tradition reformed in approximately 700 CE. In conclusion, the star chart in Cheonsang-yeolcha-bunyajido shows the sky of the former Han dynasty with the equator modified to the latitude of Seoul.

A new nondestructive instrument for bulk residual stress measurement using tungsten kα1 X-ray.

PubMed

Ma, Ce; Dou, Zuo-Yong; Chen, Li; Li, Yun; Tan, Xiao; Dong, Ping; Zhang, Jin; Zheng, Lin; Zhang, Peng-Cheng

2016-11-01

We describe an experimental instrument used for measuring nondestructively the residual stress using short wavelength X-ray, tungsten k α1 . By introducing a photon energy screening technology, the monochromatic X-ray diffraction of tungsten k α1 was realized using a CdTe detector. A high precision Huber goniometer is utilized in order to reduce the error in residual stress measurement. This paper summarizes the main performance of this instrument, measurement depth, stress error, as opposed to the neutron diffraction measurements of residual stress. Here, we demonstrate an application on the determination of residual stress in an aluminum alloy welded by the friction stir welding.

Complete genome sequence of Thermosphaera aggregans type strain (M11TL).

PubMed

Spring, Stefan; Rachel, Reinhard; Lapidus, Alla; Davenport, Karen; Tice, Hope; Copeland, Alex; Cheng, Jan-Fang; Lucas, Susan; Chen, Feng; Nolan, Matt; Bruce, David; Goodwin, Lynne; Pitluck, Sam; Ivanova, Natalia; Mavromatis, Konstantinos; Ovchinnikova, Galina; Pati, Amrita; Chen, Amy; Palaniappan, Krishna; Land, Miriam; Hauser, Loren; Chang, Yun-Juan; Jeffries, Cynthia C; Brettin, Thomas; Detter, John C; Tapia, Roxanne; Han, Cliff; Heimerl, Thomas; Weikl, Fabian; Brambilla, Evelyne; Göker, Markus; Bristow, James; Eisen, Jonathan A; Markowitz, Victor; Hugenholtz, Philip; Kyrpides, Nikos C; Klenk, Hans-Peter

2010-06-15

Thermosphaera aggregans Huber et al. 1998 is the type species of the genus Thermosphaera, which comprises at the time of writing only one species. This species represents archaea with a hyperthermophilic, heterotrophic, strictly anaerobic and fermentative phenotype. The type strain M11TL(T) was isolated from a water-sediment sample of a hot terrestrial spring (Obsidian Pool, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming). Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence and annotation. The 1,316,595 bp long single replicon genome with its 1,410 protein-coding and 47 RNA genes is a part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project.

Implementation of a written protocol for management of central venous access devices: a theoretical and practical education, including bedside examinations.

PubMed

Ahlin, Catharina; Klang-Söderkvist, Birgitta; Brundin, Seija; Hellström, Birgitta; Pettersson, Karin; Johansson, Eva

2006-01-01

The objectives of this study were to evaluate registered nurses' (RN) compliance with a local clinical central venous access device (CVAD) protocol after completing an educational program and to determine RNs' perception of the program. Seventy-five RNs working in hematology participated in the educational part of the program. Sixty-eight RNs were examined while changing CVAD dressings or placing a Huber needle into a port on actual patients. Sixty percent of the RNs passed the examination and reported that the program increased their knowledge. The results indicated that the educational program could be recommended for use when implementing a new clinical protocol.

7. Front facade of main entrance, Awing, Minuteman circle looking ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Front facade of main entrance, A-wing, Minuteman circle looking east - Offutt Air Force Base, Strategic Air Command Headquarters & Command Center, Headquarters Building, 901 SAC Boulevard, Bellevue, Sarpy County, NE

Walking (Gait), Balance, and Coordination Problems

MedlinePlus

... Disease T Cells d What Causes MS? Disproved Theories Viruses Clusters d Who Gets MS? Pediatric MS ... of Distinction Lawry Circle Circle of Influence d Planned Giving d Other Ways to Give Donate by ...

The Circle of Apollonius: A Discovery Activity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cain, Ralph W.

1994-01-01

Presents an activity using simple constructions and a knowledge of proportions to discover that the sets of points generated by the described procedures are circles. Presents a proof of the result. (Author/MKR)

Teachers' Pets II--Circling Carts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gardner, Robert

1975-01-01

Describes a demonstration which illustrates that a body moving with constant speed can be accelerating. The students ride in a circle on a cart made with plywood and roller skates and equipped with bubble accelerometers. (MLH)

Global and local processing in adult humans (Homo sapiens), 5-year-old children (Homo sapiens), and adult cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus).

PubMed

Neiworth, Julie J; Gleichman, Amy J; Olinick, Anne S; Lamp, Kristen E

2006-11-01

This study compared adults (Homo sapiens), young children (Homo sapiens), and adult tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) while they discriminated global and local properties of stimuli. Subjects were trained to discriminate a circle made of circle elements from a square made of square elements and were tested with circles made of squares and squares made of circles. Adult humans showed a global bias in testing that was unaffected by the density of the elements in the stimuli. Children showed a global bias with dense displays but discriminated by both local and global properties with sparse displays. Adult tamarins' biases matched those of the children. The striking similarity between the perceptual processing of adult monkeys and humans diagnosed with autism and the difference between this and normatively developing human perception is discussed.

Great circle solution to polarization-based quantum communication (QC) in optical fiber

DOEpatents

Nordholt, Jane Elizabeth; Peterson, Charles Glen; Newell, Raymond Thorson; Hughes, Richard John

2016-03-15

Birefringence in optical fibers is compensated by applying polarization modulation at a receiver. Polarization modulation is applied so that a transmitted optical signal has states of polarization (SOPs) that are equally spaced on the Poincare sphere. Fiber birefringence encountered in propagation between a transmitter and a receiver rotates the great circle on the Poincare sphere that represents the polarization bases used for modulation. By adjusting received polarizations, polarization components of the received optical signal can be directed to corresponding detectors for decoding, regardless of the magnitude and orientation of the fiber birefringence. A transmitter can be configured to transmit in conjugate polarization bases whose SOPs can be represented as equidistant points on a great circle so that the received SOPs are mapped to equidistant points on a great circle and routed to corresponding detectors.

Distribution of Circles on a Circle and Correlation Between Vortex Rings of Superfluids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Onur Fen, Mehmet; Erkoç, Šakír

2007-05-01

Superfluids are characterized by absence of viscosity. When superfluids are rotated, differently from normal fluids, they form more than one vortex in the containers where they are placed. The number of vortices change as the rotation velocity changes, but this change is not linear. M.W. Zwierlein et al. observed the vortices in experiments, observing up to a number of 80. Experiments also showed that the vortex distributions cannot include large spaces. By using experimental data, we noticed that when we think of vortices as vortex rings, their centers are at the same geometric location and these geometric locations are concentric circles. We generalized the distribution of these geometric places and formulized it. Our formula includes the magic circle numbers. When the number of vortices reach these magic numbers, the number of geometric locations increase by 1.

Communication map of elderly people Sociodemographic and cognitive-linguistic aspects

PubMed Central

Silagi, Marcela Lima; Peres, Aline Rufo; Schochat, Eliane; Mansur, Leticia Lessa

2013-01-01

Language and communication difficulties may occur in the elderly population. This is the case of the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon and receptive and auditory comprehension difficulties. Few studies have focused on examining the effects of social exposure on maintaining communication in the aging process. OBJECTIVES [1] To describe the communication map of healthy elderly subjects; [2] To search for associations between frequency and time dedicated to communication and cognitive and sociodemographic factors. METHODS Healthy elderly subjects were submitted to cognitive screening, the Token Test – Revised, and the Verbal Fluency test, and answered the ASHA-FACS and the Circles of Communication Partners questionnaires. RESULTS 55 subjects, 67% female, with ages over 60 years and varied schooling were included in the sample. Interlocutors in the circle of close friends and acquaintances predominated in the communication map, although the time devoted to communication with these partners was lower than in other circles. Overall, the elderly reported no deficits in language comprehension, with some reports of the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. Poor performances on the Token Test – Revised and in phonemic verbal fluency along with reports of communication functionality indicated that these subjects compensate for their problems. CONCLUSION Older subjects with lower schooling tended to predominantly communicate within the family circle. Within other circles, the number of hours devoted to communication and dialogue partners was not associated with age or schooling. The time devoted to the circle of communication with friends may indicate cognitive difficulties. PMID:29213862

Analytic processing of distance.

PubMed

Dopkins, Stephen; Galyer, Darin

2018-01-01

How does a human observer extract from the distance between two frontal points the component corresponding to an axis of a rectangular reference frame? To find out we had participants classify pairs of small circles, varying on the horizontal and vertical axes of a computer screen, in terms of the horizontal distance between them. A response signal controlled response time. The error rate depended on the irrelevant vertical as well as the relevant horizontal distance between the test circles with the relevant distance effect being larger than the irrelevant distance effect. The results implied that the horizontal distance between the test circles was imperfectly extracted from the overall distance between them. The results supported an account, derived from the Exemplar Based Random Walk model (Nosofsky & Palmieri, 1997), under which distance classification is based on the overall distance between the test circles, with relevant distance being extracted from overall distance to the extent that the relevant and irrelevant axes are differentially weighted so as to reduce the contribution of irrelevant distance to overall distance. The results did not support an account, derived from the General Recognition Theory (Ashby & Maddox, 1994), under which distance classification is based on the relevant distance between the test circles, with the irrelevant distance effect arising because a test circle's perceived location on the relevant axis depends on its location on the irrelevant axis, and with relevant distance being extracted from overall distance to the extent that this dependency is absent. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Acquisition of an X-Ray Diffractometer with WAXS and SAXS for Materials Research

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-31

2. This ligand is known as a sensitizer for applications in dye -sensitized solar cells, and the presence of the amino groups could potentially...achieve different surface properties, thus making them excellent candidates for use as fillers in bio-based biodegradable composite materials...These CNCs are environmentally safe sustainable, biodegradable , carbon neutral, and have low environmental, health and safety risks. Figure 9 below

Bruker SMART X2S Benchtop System: A Means to Making X-Ray Crystallography More Mainstream in the Undergraduate Laboratory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guzei, Ilia A.; Hill, Nicholas J.; Zakai, Uzma I.

2010-01-01

Bruker SMART X2S is a portable benchtop diffractometer that requires only a 110 V outlet to operate. The instrument operation is intuitive and facile with an automation layer governing the workflow from behind the scenes. The user participation is minimal. At the end of an experiment, the instrument attempts to solve the structure automatically;…

Design and implementation of a multiaxial loading capability during heating on an engineering neutron diffractometer.

PubMed

Benafan, O; Padula, S A; Skorpenske, H D; An, K; Vaidyanathan, R

2014-10-01

A gripping capability was designed, implemented, and tested for in situ neutron diffraction measurements during multiaxial loading and heating on the VULCAN engineering materials diffractometer at the spallation neutron source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The proposed capability allowed for the acquisition of neutron spectra during tension, compression, torsion, and/or complex loading paths at elevated temperatures. The design consisted of age-hardened, Inconel(®) 718 grips with direct attachment to the existing MTS load frame having axial and torsional capacities of 100 kN and 400 N·m, respectively. Internal cooling passages were incorporated into the gripping system for fast cooling rates during high temperature experiments up to ∼1000 K. The specimen mounting couplers combined a threaded and hexed end-connection for ease of sample installation/removal without introducing any unwanted loads. Instrumentation of this capability is documented in this work along with various performance parameters. The gripping system was utilized to investigate deformation in NiTi shape memory alloys under various loading/control modes (e.g., isothermal, isobaric, and cyclic), and preliminary results are presented. The measurements facilitated the quantification of the texture, internal strain, and phase fraction evolution in NiTi shape memory alloys under various loading/control modes.

A new fast detection system at the KWS-2 high-intensity SANS diffractometer of the JCNS at MLZ - prototype test

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Radulescu, A.; Arend, N.; Drochner, M.; Ioffe, A.; Kemmerling, G.; Ossovyi, V.; Staringer, S.; Vehres, G.; McKinny, K.; Olechnowicz, B.; Yen, D.

2016-09-01

A new detection system based on an array of 3He tubes and innovative fast detection electronics was designed and produced by GE Reuter Stokes for the high-intensity small-angle neutron scattering diffractometer KWS-2, operated by the Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at the Heinz Meier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ). The new detector consists of a panel array of 144 3He tubes and a new fast read-out electronics. The electronics is mounted in a closed case in the backside of the 3He tubes panel array and will operate at ambient atmosphere under cooling air stream. The new detection system is composed of eighteen 8-pack modules of 3He-tubes that work independently of one another (each unit has its own processor and electronics). Knowing beforehand the performance of one detector unit and of one single tube detector is prerequisite for tuning and maximizing the performance of the complete detection system. In this paper we present the results of the tests of the prototyped 8-pack of 3He-tubes and corresponding electronics, which have been carried out at the JCNS instruments KWS-2 (in high flux conditions) and TREFF.

Design and implementation of a multiaxial loading capability during heating on an engineering neutron diffractometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Benafan, O.; Padula, S. A.; Skorpenske, H. D.; An, K.; Vaidyanathan, R.

2014-10-01

A gripping capability was designed, implemented, and tested for in situ neutron diffraction measurements during multiaxial loading and heating on the VULCAN engineering materials diffractometer at the spallation neutron source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The proposed capability allowed for the acquisition of neutron spectra during tension, compression, torsion, and/or complex loading paths at elevated temperatures. The design consisted of age-hardened, Inconel® 718 grips with direct attachment to the existing MTS load frame having axial and torsional capacities of 100 kN and 400 N.m, respectively. Internal cooling passages were incorporated into the gripping system for fast cooling rates during high temperature experiments up to ˜1000 K. The specimen mounting couplers combined a threaded and hexed end-connection for ease of sample installation/removal without introducing any unwanted loads. Instrumentation of this capability is documented in this work along with various performance parameters. The gripping system was utilized to investigate deformation in NiTi shape memory alloys under various loading/control modes (e.g., isothermal, isobaric, and cyclic), and preliminary results are presented. The measurements facilitated the quantification of the texture, internal strain, and phase fraction evolution in NiTi shape memory alloys under various loading/control modes.

Reciprocal Space Mapping of Macromolecular Crystals in the Laboratory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Snell, Edward H.; Boggon, T. J.; Fewster, P. F.; Siddons, D. P.; Stojanof, V.; Pusey, M. L.

1998-01-01

The technique of reciprocal space mapping applied to the physical measurement of macromolecular crystals will be described. This technique uses a triple axis diffractometer setup whereby the monochromator is the first crystal, the sample is the second and the third crystal (of the same material as the monochromator) analyzes the diffracted beam. The geometry is such that it is possible to separate mosaic volume effects from lattice strain effects. The deconvolution of the instrument parameters will also be addressed. Results from measurements at Brookhaven National Synchrotron Radiation Source carried out on microgravity and ground-grown crystals will be presented. The required beam characteristics for reciprocal space mapping are also ideal for topographic studies and the first topographs ever recorded from microgravity protein crystal samples will be shown. We are now working on a system which will enable reciprocal space mapping, mosaicity and topography studies to be carried out in the home laboratory. This system uses a rotating anode X-ray source to provide an intense beam then a Bartels double crystal, four reflection monochromator to provide the spectral and geometric beam conditioning necessary such that the instrument characteristics do not mask the measurement. This is coupled to a high precision diffractometer and sensitive detector. Commissioning data and first results from the system will be presented.

Energy research with neutrons (ErwiN) and installation of a fast neutron powder diffraction option at the MLZ, Germany1

PubMed Central

Mühlbauer, Martin J.

2018-01-01

The need for rapid data collection and studies of small sample volumes in the range of cubic millimetres are the main driving forces for the concept of a new high-throughput monochromatic diffraction instrument at the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Germany. A large region of reciprocal space will be accessed by a detector with sufficient dynamic range and microsecond time resolution, while allowing for a variety of complementary sample environments. The medium-resolution neutron powder diffraction option for ‘energy research with neutrons’ (ErwiN) at the high-flux FRM II neutron source at the MLZ is foreseen to meet future demand. ErwiN will address studies of energy-related systems and materials with respect to their structure and uniformity by means of bulk and spatially resolved neutron powder diffraction. A set of experimental options will be implemented, enabling time-resolved studies, rapid parametric measurements as a function of external parameters and studies of small samples using an adapted radial collimator. The proposed powder diffraction option ErwiN will bridge the gap in functionality between the high-resolution powder diffractometer SPODI and the time-of-flight diffractometers POWTEX and SAPHiR at the MLZ. PMID:29896055

Experience with exchange and archiving of raw data: comparison of data from two diffractometers and four software packages on a series of lysozyme crystals.

PubMed

Tanley, Simon W M; Schreurs, Antoine M M; Helliwell, John R; Kroon-Batenburg, Loes M J

2013-02-01

The International Union of Crystallography has for many years been advocating archiving of raw data to accompany structural papers. Recently, it initiated the formation of the Diffraction Data Deposition Working Group with the aim of developing standards for the representation of these data. A means of studying this issue is to submit exemplar publications with associated raw data and metadata. A recent study on the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide on the binding of cisplatin and carboplatin to histidine in 11 different lysozyme crystals from two diffractometers led to an investigation of the possible effects of the equipment and X-ray diffraction data processing software on the calculated occupancies and B factors of the bound Pt compounds. 35.3 Gb of data were transferred from Manchester to Utrecht to be processed with EVAL. A systematic comparison shows that the largest differences in the occupancies and B factors of the bound Pt compounds are due to the software, but the equipment also has a noticeable effect. A detailed description of and discussion on the availability of metadata is given. By making these raw diffraction data sets available via a local depository, it is possible for the diffraction community to make their own evaluation as they may wish.

Territorial behavior of a green hairstreak Chrysozephyrus smaragdinus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): site tenacity and wars of attrition.

PubMed

Takeuchi, Tsuyoshi; Imafuku, Michio

2005-09-01

Males of Chrysozephyrus smaragdinus were active from late morning to late afternoon, during which they showed territorial behavior, perhaps for mating. The territorial male stayed in a particular area and occasionally flew around it, referred to hereafter as the inspection area. When other male intruded into this area, the territorial male rushed to him. Then, they engaged in a circling flight regarded as a "war of attrition". During this flight, the two males sometimes strayed far away from the territory. After the circling flight, the resident returned to his territory in almost all cases (98%). Despite such intrusions, many residents defended their territory for several successive days. This suggests strongly the "effect of prior residence". We recorded the circling flights with a high-speed video camera, and confirmed that the male that ceased the circling flight first was the loser. This finding gave some validity to consider circling flight as wars of attrition. In a few cases, the territorial male mated with a female that came to the territory. These once mated males held the territory no longer, suggesting that mating experience should restrict the next mating opportunity in this species.

The Swedish study circle--possibilities for application to health education in the United States.

PubMed

Strombeck, R

1991-03-01

There has been a growing recognition over the past decade of the need to broaden the focus of health promotion by placing greater emphasis on the social context in which individual behavior change interventions occur. As a result, health educators are being required to look for innovative pedagogical methods to address this broader focus. A model of education that is used extensively in Sweden and that takes a broader approach to health matters is the study circle. Because of its simple, flexible structure and its capacity to address lifestyle as well as social and environmental factors, the study circle could serve as a model for health education efforts undertaken in the United States. The first part of this article presents an overview of the literature from the field of public health that calls for a broader concept of health promotion. The second part of the article looks at the principles and concepts of the study circle. The role of the study circle in health promotion is discussed and use of the method is illustrated in three different case examples. In addition, possibilities for application of the model to health education in the United States are also addressed.

New perspectives on counselling in audiological habilitation/rehabilitation.

PubMed

Borg, Erik; Borg, Birgitta

2015-01-01

To develop and apply a pedagogical method focusing on Empowerment, Empathy, Competence, and Counselling: the EC programme, and to present an initial evaluation. The EC programme was gradually developed within a study circle framework and in dialogue with study circle leaders and participants (clients) with hearing impairment (HI). An evaluation was carried out with the study circle leaders. Seventeen upper secondary school students with HI took part in the development of the programme. Eighteen study circle leaders responded to a questionnaire. The EC programme developed consisted of films, CD, and DVD productions to increase insight into one's own hearing ability, to demonstrate for others what HI means, strategies to evaluate situations, and help to act constructively in social situations. The study circle leaders found most of the course material appropriate and easy to use, as a whole or in parts. The leaders' evaluations indicated that the clients had increased their knowledge about how the HI affected themselves and others. The clients had improved their self-confidence and their empathic view of others. The EC programme can be used in its entirety or in part. Participation may lead to increased empowerment, empathy, competence and counselling ability.

Roundness calibration standard

DOEpatents

Burrus, Brice M.

1984-01-01

A roundness calibration standard is provided with a first arc constituting the major portion of a circle and a second arc lying between the remainder of the circle and the chord extending between the ends of said first arc.

6. Threequarter view of Awing, building 500, from Minuteman Circle ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. Three-quarter view of A-wing, building 500, from Minuteman Circle looking northeast - Offutt Air Force Base, Strategic Air Command Headquarters & Command Center, Headquarters Building, 901 SAC Boulevard, Bellevue, Sarpy County, NE

The Several-Circled Search for Self

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Copeland, Evelyn

1973-01-01

Reports on a sample mini-course in the humanities entitled A Several-Circled Search for Self'' which employs the circus as a theme while stressing the importance of student involvement and the development of self-concept. (RB)

NPDES Permit for Marathon Oil Company – Circle Ridge in Wyoming

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Under NPDES permit WY-0000949, the Marathon Oil Company – Circle Ridge is authorized to discharge from its wastewater treatment facility located in Fremont County, Wyoming to a tributary to Coal Draw.

OUTER RIM OF CIRCLE, WITH LIVE OAK TREE AT LEFT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

OUTER RIM OF CIRCLE, WITH LIVE OAK TREE AT LEFT FOREGROUND AND CEMETERY SECTION 25 IN BACKGROUND. VIEW TO WEST. - Barrancas National Cemetery, Naval Air Station, 80 Hovey Road, Pensacola, Escambia County, FL

Visual Thinking, Algebraic Thinking, and a Full Unit-Circle Diagram.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shear, Jonathan

1985-01-01

The study of trigonometric functions in terms of the unit circle offer an example of how students can learn algebraic relations and operations while using visually oriented thinking. Illustrations are included. (MNS)

Quality circles in a department of dietetics.

PubMed

Treadwell, D D; Klein, J A

1984-06-01

Quality circles can be an excellent approach to managerial effectiveness in the 1980s. For the Department of Dietetics at Miami Valley Hospital, Dayton , Ohio, quality circles have demonstrated excellent return on investment. Their many benefits include increased productivity, improved employee satisfaction and morale, and cost savings. In order to ensure success, the team needs to be selected carefully and trained thoroughly in problem-solving techniques. Initial meetings should be directed to defining the objectives and code of conduct as well as establishing a trusting environment in which to grow and develop.

From the Weyl quantization of a particle on the circle to number–phase Wigner functions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Przanowski, Maciej, E-mail: maciej.przanowski@p.lodz.pl; Brzykcy, Przemysław, E-mail: 800289@edu.p.lodz.pl; Tosiek, Jaromir, E-mail: jaromir.tosiek@p.lodz.pl

2014-12-15

A generalized Weyl quantization formalism for a particle on the circle is shown to supply an effective method for defining the number–phase Wigner function in quantum optics. A Wigner function for the state ϱ{sup ^} and the kernel K for a particle on the circle is defined and its properties are analysed. Then it is shown how this Wigner function can be easily modified to give the number–phase Wigner function in quantum optics. Some examples of such number–phase Wigner functions are considered.

Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of New Cubic Quaternary Compounds RT2Sn2Zn18 (R = La, Ce, Pr, and Nd, and T = Co and Fe)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Isikawa, Yosikazu; Mizushima, Toshio; Ejiri, Jun-ichi; Kitayama, Shiori; Kumagai, Keigou; Kuwai, Tomohiko; Bordet, Pierre; Lejay, Pascal

2015-07-01

The new cubic quaternary intermetallic compounds RT2Sn2Zn18 (R = La, Ce, Pr, and Nd, and T = Co and Fe) were synthesized by the mixture-metal flux method using Zn and Sn. The crystal structure was investigated by powder X-ray diffraction and with a four-circle X-ray diffractometer using single crystals. The space group of the compounds is Fdbar{3}m (No. 227). The rare-earth atom is at the cubic site which is the center of a cage composed of Zn and Sn atoms. The crystal structure is the same as the CeCr2Al20-type crystal structure except the atoms at the 16c site, i.e., the Zn atoms at the 16c site are completely replaced by Sn atoms, indicating that the compounds are crystallographically new ordered quaternary compounds. The lattice parameter a and the physical properties of the magnetic susceptibility χ, the magnetization M, and the specific heat C of these cubic caged compounds were investigated. LaCo2Sn2Zn18 and LaFe2Sn2Zn18 are enhanced Pauli paramagnets that originate from the Co and Fe itinerant 3d electrons. CeCo2Sn2Zn18 and CeFe2Sn2Zn18 are also enhanced Pauli paramagnets that originate from both the 3d electrons and Ce 4f electrons. PrCo2Sn2Zn18 and PrFe2Sn2Zn18 are nonmagnetic materials with huge values of C divided by temperature, which indicates that the ground state of Pr ions is a non-Kramers' doublet. NdCo2Sn2Zn18 and NdFe2Sn2Zn18 are magnetic materials with the Néel temperatures of 1.0 and 3.8 K, respectively. All eight compounds have large magnetic moments of Co/Fe in the paramagnetic temperature region, and thus their magnetic moments are inferred to be magnetically frustrating owing to the pyrochlore lattice in the low-temperature region.

"Socratic Circles are a Luxury": Exploring the Conceptualization of a Dialogic Tool in Three Science Classrooms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Copelin, Michelle Renee

Research has shown that dialogic instruction promotes learning in students. Secondary science has traditionally been taught from an authoritative stance, reinforced in recent years by testing policies requiring coverage. Socratic Circles are a framework for student-led dialogic discourse, which have been successfully used in English language arts and social studies classrooms. The purpose of this research was to explore the implementation process of Socratic Circles in secondary science classes where they have been perceived to be more difficult. Focusing on two physical science classes and one chemistry class, this study described the nature and characteristics of Socratic Circles, teachers' dispositions toward dialogic instruction, the nature and characteristics of student discussion, and student motivation. Socratic Circles were found to be a dialogic support that influenced classroom climate, social skills, content connections, and student participation. Teachers experienced conflict between using traditional test driven scripted teaching, and exploring innovation through dialogic instruction. Students experienced opportunities for peer interaction, participation, and deeper discussions in a framework designed to improve dialogic skills. Students in two of the classrooms showed evidence of motivation for engaging in peer-led discussion, and students in one class did not. The class that did not show evidence of motivation had not been given the same scaffolding as the other two classes. Two physical science teachers and one chemistry teacher found that Socratic Circles required more scaffolding than was indicated by their peers in other disciplines such as English and social studies. The teachers felt that student's general lack of background knowledge for any given topic in physical science or chemistry necessitated the building of a knowledge platform before work on a discussion could begin. All three of the teachers indicated that Socratic Circles were a rewarding activity, beneficial to students, which they would use in the future.

Circles-in-the-sky searches and observable cosmic topology in a flat universe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mota, B.; Rebouças, M. J.; Tavakol, R.

2010-05-01

In a universe with a detectable nontrivial spatial topology, the last scattering surface contains pairs of matching circles with the same distribution of temperature fluctuations—the so-called circles-in-the-sky. Searches for nearly antipodal circles-in-the-sky in maps of cosmic microwave background radiation have so far been unsuccessful. This negative outcome, along with recent theoretical results concerning the detectability of nearly flat compact topologies, is sufficient to exclude a detectable nontrivial topology for most observers in very nearly flat positively and negatively curved universes, whose total matter-energy density satisfies 0<|Ωtot-1|≲10-5. Here, we investigate the consequences of these searches for observable nontrivial topologies if the Universe turns out to be exactly flat (Ωtot=1). We demonstrate that in this case, the conclusions deduced from such searches can be radically different. We show that, although there is no characteristic topological scale in the flat manifolds, for all multiply-connected orientable flat manifolds, it is possible to directly study the action of the holonomies in order to obtain a general upper bound on the angle that characterizes the deviation from antipodicity of pairs of matching circles associated with the shortest closed geodesic. This bound is valid for all observers and all possible values of the compactification length parameters. We also show that in a flat universe, there are observers for whom the circles-in-the-sky searches already undertaken are insufficient to exclude the possibility of a detectable nontrivial spatial topology. It is remarkable how such small variations in the spatial curvature of the Universe, which are effectively indistinguishable geometrically, can have such a drastic effect on the detectability of cosmic topology. Another important outcome of our results is that they offer a framework with which to make statistical inferences from future circles-in-the-sky searches on whether the Universe is exactly flat.

Introducing Conics without Eccentricity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glaister, Elizabeth M.; Glaister, Paul

2006-01-01

This note provides a self-contained introduction to conics as loci of points equidistant from circles, lines and points, including a study of the loci of points equidistant from two circles, separated, intersecting or touching. (Contains 1 table and 8 figures.)

21 CFR 510.600 - Names, addresses, and drug labeler codes of sponsors of approved applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 049185 Watson Laboratories, Inc., 311 Bonnie Circle, Corona, CA 92880. 000402 Wayne Feed Division... Olney Ave., Cherry Hill, NJ 08034. 000402 Watson Laboratories, Inc., 311 Bonnie Circle, Corona, CA 92880...

21 CFR 510.600 - Names, addresses, and drug labeler codes of sponsors of approved applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 50704 017139 Watson Laboratories, Inc., 311 Bonnie Circle, Corona, CA 92880. 000402 Wayne Feed Division... Hill, NJ 08034. 000402 Watson Laboratories, Inc., 311 Bonnie Circle, Corona, CA 92880. 000842 Texas...

Camp H.M. Smith and Navy Public Works Center Manana Title ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Camp H.M. Smith and Navy Public Works Center Manana Title VII (Capehart) Housing, Four-Bedroom, Single-Family Type 10, Birch Circle, Elm Drive, Elm Circle, and Date Drive, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

Camp H.M. Smith and Navy Public Works Center Manana Title ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Camp H.M. Smith and Navy Public Works Center Manana Title VII (Capehart) Housing, Three-Bedroom Single-Family Type 7, Birch Circle, Elm Drive, Elm Circle, and Date Drive, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

Camp H.M. Smith and Navy Public Works Center Manana Title ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Camp H.M. Smith and Navy Public Works Center Manana Title VII (Capehart) Housing, Three-Bedroom Single-Family Type 9, Birch Circle, Elm Drive, Elm Circle, and Date Drive, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

12. VISTA SOUTHWEST ON NEW HAMPSHIRE AVENUE TO WASHINGTON CIRCLE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. VISTA SOUTHWEST ON NEW HAMPSHIRE AVENUE TO WASHINGTON CIRCLE FROM RESERVATION NO. 140 AT THE INTERSECTION OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AVENUE, M, AND 21ST STREETS, NW. - New Hampshire Avenue, Washington, District of Columbia, DC

View of Building No. 405 from Staff Circle, facing north ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View of Building No. 405 from Staff Circle, facing north - MacDill Air Force Base, Bounded by City of Tampa North, Tampa Bay South, Old Tampa Bay West, & Hillsborough Bay East, Tampa, Hillsborough County, FL

Generic Equations for Constructing Smooth Paths Along Circles and Tangent Lines With Application to Airport Ground Paths

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barker, L. Keith

1998-01-01

The primary purpose of this publication is to develop a mathematical model to describe smooth paths along any combination of circles and tangent lines. Two consecutive circles in a path are either tangent (externally or internally) or they appear on the same (lateral) or opposite (transverse) sides of a connecting tangent line. A path may start or end on either a segment or circle. The approach is to use mathematics common to robotics to design the path as a multilink manipulator. This approach allows a hierarchical view of the problem and keeps the notation manageable. A user simply specifies a few parameters to configure a path. Necessary and sufficient conditions automatically ensure the consistency of the inputs for a smooth path. Two example runway exit paths are given, and an angle to go assists in knowing when to switch from one path element to the next.

Hydraulic characteristics of an underdrained irrigation circle, Muskegon County wastewater disposal system, Michigan

USGS Publications Warehouse

McDonald, M.G.

1980-01-01

Muskegon County, Michigan, disposes of wastewater by spray irrigating farmland on its waste-disposal site. Buried drains in the highly permeable unconfined aquifer at the site control the level of the water table. Hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer and drain-leakance, the reciprocal of resistance to flow into the drains, was determined at a representative irrigation circle while calibrating a model of the groundwater flow system. Hydraulic conductivity is 0.00055 m/sec, in the north zone of the circle, and 0.00039 m/sec in the south zone. Drain leakance -6 -6 is low in both zones: 2.9 x 10m/sec in the north and 9.5 x 10 m/sec in the south. Low drain leakance is responsible for waterlogging when irrigation rates are maintained at design levels. The capacity of the study circle to accept wastewater is 35 percent less than design capacity.

Genus Ranges of Chord Diagrams

PubMed Central

Burns, Jonathan; Jonoska, Nataša; Saito, Masahico

2015-01-01

A chord diagram consists of a circle, called the backbone, with line segments, called chords, whose endpoints are attached to distinct points on the circle. The genus of a chord diagram is the genus of the orientable surface obtained by thickening the backbone to an annulus and attaching bands to the inner boundary circle at the ends of each chord. Variations of this construction are considered here, where bands are possibly attached to the outer boundary circle of the annulus. The genus range of a chord diagram is the genus values over all such variations of surfaces thus obtained from a given chord diagram. Genus ranges of chord diagrams for a fixed number of chords are studied. Integer intervals that can be, and those that cannot be, realized as genus ranges are investigated. Computer calculations are presented, and play a key role in discovering and proving the properties of genus ranges. PMID:26478650

Genus Ranges of Chord Diagrams.

PubMed

Burns, Jonathan; Jonoska, Nataša; Saito, Masahico

2015-04-01

A chord diagram consists of a circle, called the backbone, with line segments, called chords, whose endpoints are attached to distinct points on the circle. The genus of a chord diagram is the genus of the orientable surface obtained by thickening the backbone to an annulus and attaching bands to the inner boundary circle at the ends of each chord. Variations of this construction are considered here, where bands are possibly attached to the outer boundary circle of the annulus. The genus range of a chord diagram is the genus values over all such variations of surfaces thus obtained from a given chord diagram. Genus ranges of chord diagrams for a fixed number of chords are studied. Integer intervals that can be, and those that cannot be, realized as genus ranges are investigated. Computer calculations are presented, and play a key role in discovering and proving the properties of genus ranges.

The Circle of Apollonius and Its Applications in Introductory Physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Partensky, Michael B.

2008-02-01

The circle of Apollonius is named after the ancient geometrician Apollonius of Perga. This beautiful geometric construct can be helpful when solving some general problems of geometry and mathematical physics, optics, and electricity. Here we discuss two of its applications: localizing an object in space and calculating electric fields. First, we pose an entertaining localization problem to trigger students' interest in the subject. Analyzing this problem, we introduce the circle of Apollonius and show that this geometric technique helps solve the problem in an elegant and intuitive manner. Then we switch to seemingly unrelated problems of calculating the electric fields. We show that the zero equipotential line for two unlike charges is the Apollonius circle for these two charges and use this discovery to find the electric field of a charge positioned near a grounded conductive sphere. Finally, we pose some questions for further examination.

Formula for the rms blur circle radius of Wolter telescope based on aberration theory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shealy, David L.; Saha, Timo T.

1990-01-01

A formula for the rms blur circle for Wolter telescopes has been derived using the transverse ray aberration expressions of Saha (1985), Saha (1984), and Saha (1986). The resulting formula for the rms blur circle radius over an image plane and a formula for the surface of best focus based on third-, fifth-, and seventh-order aberration theory predict results in good agreement with exact ray tracing. It has also been shown that one of the two terms in the empirical formula of VanSpeybroeck and Chase (1972), for the rms blur circle radius of a Wolter I telescope can be justified by the aberration theory results. Numerical results are given comparing the rms blur radius and the surface of best focus vs the half-field angle computed by skew ray tracing and from analytical formulas for grazing incidence Wolter I-II telescopes and a normal incidence Cassegrain telescope.

Nonlinear Dynamics, Noise and Cooperative Behavior in Affective Disorders

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huber, Martin

2001-03-01

Mood disorders tend to be recurrent and progressive and illness patterns typically evolve from isolated episodes at the beginning to more rapid, rhythmic and finally irregular "chaotic" mood patterns. This chararacteristic timecourse prompted the consideration of nonlinear dynamics as a way to describe and analyze course and disease states of mood disorders. Indeed, some evidences now exist indicating that low-dimensional dynamics underly the illness progression. To gain an understanding of prinicple mechanisms that might underly the course and disease patterns of mood disorders, we developed a phenomenological mathematical model for the disease course. In doing so, we made use of a neuronal analogy that exists between disease patterns and neuronal spike patterns and which is commonly referred to as the kindling model of mood disorders (Post, Am J of Psychiatry 1992,149:999-1010; Huber, Braun, Krieg, Biol Psychiatry 1999,46:256-262; Huber, Braun, Krieg, Biol Psychiatry 2000,47:634-642). Using a computational implementation of this approach we investigated the possible relevance of nonlinear dynamics for the disease course, the role of cooperative interactions between nonlinear and noisy dynamics as well as the effect of sensitization mechanisms between disease episodes and disease system. Our simulations show that a low-dimensional model can phenomenologically map the timecourse of mood disorders. From a functional perspective, the model indicates an important role for stochastic fluctuations which can amplify subthreshold states into disease states and can induce transitions to irregular rapidly changing disease patterns. Interesting dynamics are observed with respect to deterministically defined disease states and their dependence on noise intensity. Finally, our simulations show how sensitization effects quite naturally lead to a disease course which ends in irregular fluctuating disease patterns as observed in clinical data. Our findings indicate the usefulness of a computational approach as a way to understand and explain the complexity of temporal disease dynamics of mood disorders but also to procede to new experimental approaches for disease characterisation with the aim of better treatment options.

Pure endmember extraction using robust kernel archetypoid analysis for hyperspectral imagery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Weiwei; Yang, Gang; Wu, Ke; Li, Weiyue; Zhang, Dianfa

2017-09-01

A robust kernel archetypoid analysis (RKADA) method is proposed to extract pure endmembers from hyperspectral imagery (HSI). The RKADA assumes that each pixel is a sparse linear mixture of all endmembers and each endmember corresponds to a real pixel in the image scene. First, it improves the re8gular archetypal analysis with a new binary sparse constraint, and the adoption of the kernel function constructs the principal convex hull in an infinite Hilbert space and enlarges the divergences between pairwise pixels. Second, the RKADA transfers the pure endmember extraction problem into an optimization problem by minimizing residual errors with the Huber loss function. The Huber loss function reduces the effects from big noises and outliers in the convergence procedure of RKADA and enhances the robustness of the optimization function. Third, the random kernel sinks for fast kernel matrix approximation and the two-stage algorithm for optimizing initial pure endmembers are utilized to improve its computational efficiency in realistic implementations of RKADA, respectively. The optimization equation of RKADA is solved by using the block coordinate descend scheme and the desired pure endmembers are finally obtained. Six state-of-the-art pure endmember extraction methods are employed to make comparisons with the RKADA on both synthetic and real Cuprite HSI datasets, including three geometrical algorithms vertex component analysis (VCA), alternative volume maximization (AVMAX) and orthogonal subspace projection (OSP), and three matrix factorization algorithms the preconditioning for successive projection algorithm (PreSPA), hierarchical clustering based on rank-two nonnegative matrix factorization (H2NMF) and self-dictionary multiple measurement vector (SDMMV). Experimental results show that the RKADA outperforms all the six methods in terms of spectral angle distance (SAD) and root-mean-square-error (RMSE). Moreover, the RKADA has short computational times in offline operations and shows significant improvement in identifying pure endmembers for ground objects with smaller spectrum differences. Therefore, the RKADA could be an alternative for pure endmember extraction from hyperspectral images.