40 CFR 146.86 - Injection well construction requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... stages. (4) Circulation of cement may be accomplished by staging. The Director may approve an alternative... injection tubing and long string casing. (b) Casing and cementing of Class VI wells. (1) Casing and cement... confining zone(s); (viii) Type or grade of cement and cement additives; and (ix) Quantity, chemical...

40 CFR 146.95 - Class VI injection depth waiver requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... detection tools), unless the Director determines, based on site-specific geology, that such methods are not... geology, that such methods are not appropriate; (5) Any additional requirements requested by the Director...

40 CFR 144.52 - Establishing permit conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... the financial responsibility requirements set forth in § 146.85 of this chapter. (8) Mechanical integrity. A permit for any Class I, II, III or VI well or injection project which lacks mechanical... cessation of operations of two years the owner or operator shall plug and abandon the well in accordance...

40 CFR 144.52 - Establishing permit conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... the financial responsibility requirements set forth in § 146.85 of this chapter. (8) Mechanical integrity. A permit for any Class I, II, III or VI well or injection project which lacks mechanical... cessation of operations of two years the owner or operator shall plug and abandon the well in accordance...

40 CFR 144.52 - Establishing permit conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the financial responsibility requirements set forth in § 146.85 of this chapter. (8) Mechanical integrity. A permit for any Class I, II, III or VI well or injection project which lacks mechanical... cessation of operations of two years the owner or operator shall plug and abandon the well in accordance...

40 CFR 144.52 - Establishing permit conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... the financial responsibility requirements set forth in § 146.85 of this chapter. (8) Mechanical integrity. A permit for any Class I, II, III or VI well or injection project which lacks mechanical... cessation of operations of two years the owner or operator shall plug and abandon the well in accordance...

Delineating Area of Review in a System with Pre-injection Relative Overpressure

DOE PAGES

Oldenburg, Curtis M.; Cihan, Abdullah; Zhou, Quanlin; ...

2014-12-31

The Class VI permit application for geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) requires delineation of an area of review (AoR), defined as the region surrounding the (GCS) project where underground sources of drinking water (USDWs) may be endangered. The methods for estimating AoR under the Class VI regulation were developed assuming that GCS reservoirs would be in hydrostatic equilibrium with overlying aquifers. Here we develop and apply an approach to estimating AoR for sites with preinjection relative overpressure for which standard AoR estimation methods produces an infinite AoR. The approach we take is to compare brine leakage through a hypothetical open flowmore » path in the base-case scenario (no-injection) to the incrementally larger leakage that would occur in the CO 2-injection case. To estimate AoR by this method, we used semi-analytical solutions to single-phase flow equations to model reservoir pressurization and flow up (single) leaky wells located at progressively greater distances from the injection well. We found that the incrementally larger flow rates for hypothetical leaky wells located 6 km and 4 km from the injection well are ~20% and 30% greater, respectively, than hypothetical baseline leakage rates. If total brine leakage is considered, the results depend strongly on how the incremental increase in total leakage is calculated, varying from a few percent to up to 40% greater (at most at early time) than base-case total leakage.« less

Detection and Persistence of Vi Antigen in Tissues of Actively Immunized Mice1

PubMed Central

Gaines, Sidney; Currie, Julius A.; Tully, Joseph G.

1965-01-01

Gaines, Sidney (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), Julius A. Currie, and Joseph G. Tully. Detection and persistence of Vi antigen in tissues of actively immunized mice. J. Bacteriol. 89:776–781. 1965.—The presence, distribution, and persistence of Vi antigen in mouse tissue was determined by means of active immunization tests with tissue extracts. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with purified Vi antigen or Vi-containing bacilli. At appropriate intervals, animals were killed, and saline extracts of their tissues were prepared. Mice were immunized with these extracts and challenged 6 days later with 10 ld50 of Salmonella typhosa Ty2. Protection was afforded by tissue extracts from Vi-injected mice, but not by normal tissue extracts. That the immunizing capacity of tissue extracts from Vi-injected mice was attributable to Vi antigen was affirmed by the demonstration that these extracts stimulated the production of Vi antibody in mice, coated erythrocytes for agglutination by Vi antiserum, and inhibited agglutination of Vi-sensitized red blood cells by known Vi antisera. Vi antigen could be detected in the liver and spleen of mice injected with as little as 1 μg. In mice given 150 μg, the antigen was still present in liver tissue 231 days later. PMID:14273660

78 FR 72056 - Proposed Amendment of Class D and Class E Airspace; Christiansted, St. Croix, VI

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-02

... Class D and Class E Airspace; Christiansted, St. Croix, VI AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA... Class E Airspace at Christiansted, St. Croix, VI, to adjust the geographic coordinates of Henry E..., Christiansted, St. Croix, VI, to bring it in concert with the FAAs aeronautical database. The coordinates would...

40 CFR 144.19 - Transitioning from Class II to Class VI.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... primary purpose of long-term storage into an oil and gas reservoir must apply for and obtain a Class VI geologic sequestration permit when there is an increased risk to USDWs compared to Class II operations. In... Class II operations and a Class VI permit is required. In order to make this determination the Director...

Factors Affecting Formation of Incomplete Vi Antibody in Mice

PubMed Central

Gaines, Sidney; Currie, Julius A.; Tully, Joseph G.

1965-01-01

Gaines, Sidney (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), Julius A. Currie, and Joseph G. Tully. Factors affecting formation of incomplete Vi antibody in mice. J. Bacteriol. 90:635–642. 1965.—Single immunizing doses of purified Vi antigen elicited complete and incomplete Vi antibodies in BALB/c mice, but only incomplete antibody in Cinnamon mice. Three of six other mouse strains tested responded like BALB/c mice; the remaining three, like Cinnamon mice. Varying the quantity of antigen injected or the route of administration failed to stimulate the production of detectable complete Vi antibody in Cinnamon mice. Such antibody was evoked in these animals by multiple injections of Vi antigen or by inoculating them with Vi-containing bacilli or Vi-coated erythrocytes. The early protection afforded by serum from Vi-immunized BALB/c mice coincided with the appearance of incomplete Vi antibody, 1 day prior to the advent of complete antibody. Persistence of incomplete as well as complete antibody in the serum of immunized mice was demonstrated for at least 56 days after injection of 10 μg of Vi antigen. Incomplete Vi antibody was shown to have blocking ability, in vitro bactericidal activity, and the capability of protecting mice against intracerebral as well as intraperitoneal challenge with virulent typhoid bacilli. Production of incomplete and complete Vi antibodies was adversely affected by immunization with partially depolymerized Vi antigens. PMID:16562060

Efficacy of a novel chelator BPCBG for removing uranium and protecting against uranium-induced renal cell damage in rats and HK-2 cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bao, Yizhong; Wang, Dan; Li, Zhiming

2013-05-15

Chelation therapy is a known effective method to increase the excretion of U(VI) from the body. Until now, no any uranium chelator has been approved for emergency medical use worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of new ligand BPCBG containing two catechol groups and two aminocarboxylic acid groups in decorporation of U(VI) and protection against acute U(VI) nephrotoxicity in rats, and further explored the detoxification mechanism of BPCBG for U(VI)-induced nephrotoxicity in HK-2 cells with comparison to DTPA-CaNa{sub 3}. Chelating agents were administered at various times before or after injections of U(VI) in rats. The U(VI) levelsmore » in urine, kidneys and femurs were measured 24 h after U(VI) injections. Histopathological changes in the kidney and serum urea and creatinine and urine protein were examined. After treatment of U(VI)-exposed HK-2 cells with chelating agent, the intracellular U(VI) contents, formation of micronuclei, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed. It was found that prompt, advanced or delayed injections of BPCBG effectively increased 24 h-urinary U(VI) excretion and decreased the levels of U(VI) in kidney and bone. Meanwhile, BPCBG injection obviously reduced the severity of the U(VI)-induced histological alterations in the kidney, which was in parallel with the amelioration noted in serum indicators, urea and creatinine, and urine protein of U(VI) nephrotoxicity. In U(VI)-exposed HK-2 cells, immediate and delayed treatment with BPCBG significantly decreased the formation of micronuclei and LDH release by inhibiting the cellular U(VI) intake, promoting the intracellular U(VI) release and inhibiting the production of intracellular ROS. Our data suggest that BPCBG is a novel bi-functional U(VI) decorporation agent with a better efficacy than DTPA-CaNa{sub 3}. - Highlights: ► BPCBG accelerated the urine U(VI) excretion and reduced the tissues U(VI) in rats. ► BPCBG can effectively protect against the U(VI)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. ► BPCBG increased the U(VI) release and reduced the U(VI) uptake in HK-2 cells. ► BPCBG decreased the U(VI)-induced MN formation and LDH release in HK-2 cells. ► BPCBG eliminated the U(VI)-induced intracellular ROS in HK-2 cells.« less

Phase I clinical trial of O-Acetylated pectin conjugate, a plant polysaccharide based typhoid vaccine

PubMed Central

Szu, Shousun C.; Lin, Kimi F-Y; Hunt, Steven; Chu, Chiayung; Thinh, Nguyen Duc

2014-01-01

Background Typhoid fever remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing countries. Vi capsular polysaccharide conjugate vaccine demonstrated safety and efficacy in young children in high endemic regions. A novel typhoid conjugate vaccine based on plant polysaccharide pectin was studied in a phase I trial. Methods Fruit pectin, having the same carbohydrate backbone structure as Vi, was purified from citrus peel and used as the polysaccharide source to prepare a semi-synthetic typhoid conjugate vaccine. Pectin was chemically O-acetylated (OAcPec) to antigenically resemble Vi and conjugated to carrier protein rEPA, a recombinant exoprotein A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 25 healthy volunteers, 18–45 years old, were injected once with OAcPec-rEPA. Safety and IgG antibodies reactive with Vi and pectin were analyzed. Results No vaccine associated serious adverse reaction was reported. Six weeks after the injection of OAcPec-rEPA, 64% of the volunteers elicited >4 fold rise of anti-Vi IgG. At 26 weeks the level declined, but the difference between the levels at 6 and 26 weeks are not statistically significant. There is a direct correlation between the level of anti-Vi IgG before and after the injection (R2 = 0.96). The anti-Vi IgG can be absorbed by Vi, but not by pectin. There was no corresponding increase of anti-pectin after the injection, indicating the antibody response to OAcPec-rEPA was specific to Vi. There is no Vi-rEPA data in US adults for comparison of immune responses. The OAcPec-rEPA elicited significantly less IgG anti-Vi in US adults than those by Vi-rEPA in Vietnamese adults. Conclusion The O-acetylated pectin conjugate, a plant based typhoid vaccine, is safe and immunogenic in adult volunteers. PMID:24657719

Simultaneous determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in tannery wastewater using low pressure ion chromatography combined with flow injection spectrophotometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Shujuan; Zhang, Xinshen; Yu, Lingyun; Wang, Li; Li, Hui

2012-03-01

Trivalent and hexavalent chromium have been successfully separated and determined using low pressure ion chromatography combined with flow injection spectrophotometric analysis (LPIC-FIA). A column packed with crosslinking starch microspheres was used for on-line separation of Cr(III) from Cr(VI) in a flow-injection system because of its absorptive effect on Cr(III). To determine the concentration of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in samples, we used 3.0 mmol/L nitric acid to elute adsorbed Cr(III) from the column and then used ceric sulfate-sulfuric acid as oxidant to convert all Cr(III) into Cr(VI). Then, Cr(VI) directly came from the samples and Cr(VI) came from Cr(III) successively formed a amaranthine complex with diphenycarbazide and the complex shows a maximum absorption at 530 nm. Analytical parameters including the concentration of eluent and oxidant solution, oxidizing temperature, length of oxidizing reaction coil, reaction coil and injection coil, interfering effects, etc., were optimized. The limit of detection was 1.25 μg/L for Cr(VI) and 3.76 μg/L for Cr(III). The linear relationship between absorption with the concentration of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) was 0.001-1.000 mg/L and 0.030-1.000 mg/L with correlation coefficients of 0.9995 and 0.9994, respectively. The relative standard deviation of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) was 1.21% and 1.66%, respectively (n = 10). Major cations and anions did not show any interference. We validated this method through certified reference materials and through measuring the recovery in tannery wastewater.

Bullying prevention in schools by targeting cognitions, emotions, and behavior: Evaluating the effectiveness of the REBE-ViSC program.

PubMed

Trip, Simona; Bora, Carmen; Sipos-Gug, Sebastian; Tocai, Ioana; Gradinger, Petra; Yanagida, Takuya; Strohmeier, Dagmar

2015-10-01

The effectiveness of a class-based antibullying prevention program on cognitions, emotions, and behaviors was investigated. The program consists of a cognitive-behavioral (Rational Emotive Behavioral Education; REBE) and a behavioral (Viennese Social Competence; ViSC) component. The REBE program is based on rational emotive behavioral theory and contains 9 student lessons. The ViSC program is based on social learning theory and comprises 10 student lessons. The order of the programs was experimentally manipulated. The REBE-ViSC program was implemented in 5 schools (14 classes), the ViSC-REBE program was implemented in 3 schools (9 classes), and 3 schools (11 classes) served as an untreated control group. Data were collected during 1 school year at pretest, midpoint, and posttest. Emotions (overt and internalizing anger), cognitions (learning and entitlement), and behaviors (bullying perpetration and bullying victimization) were measured with self-assessments. To examine the effectiveness of the REBE-ViSC/ViSC-REBE program, multilevel growth models were applied (time points at Level 1, individuals at Level 2, and classes at Level 3). The analyses revealed that the program effects differed depending on the order of the programs. The REBE-ViSC condition was more effective in changing negative emotions than the ViSC-REBE condition; both experimental conditions were effective in reducing dysfunctional cognitions, whereas no behavioral change was found in the 2 experimental groups when compared with the control group. To improve program effectiveness regarding behavioral changes, a multilevel whole-school approach including a teacher component is recommended. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

40 CFR 144.19 - Transitioning from Class II to Class VI.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... primary purpose of long-term storage into an oil and gas reservoir must apply for and obtain a Class VI...) Quality of abandoned well plugs within the area of review; (7) The owner's or operator's plan for recovery...

40 CFR 144.19 - Transitioning from Class II to Class VI.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... primary purpose of long-term storage into an oil and gas reservoir must apply for and obtain a Class VI...) Quality of abandoned well plugs within the area of review; (7) The owner's or operator's plan for recovery...

40 CFR 144.19 - Transitioning from Class II to Class VI.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... primary purpose of long-term storage into an oil and gas reservoir must apply for and obtain a Class VI...) Quality of abandoned well plugs within the area of review; (7) The owner's or operator's plan for recovery...

TRANSPORT OF CHROMIUM AND SELENIUM IN A PRISTINE SAND AND GRAVEL AQUIFER: ROLE OF ADSORPTION PROCESSES

EPA Science Inventory

Field transport experiments were conducted in an oxic sand and gravel aquifer using Br (bromide ion), Cr (chromium, injected as Cr(VI)), Se (selenium, injected as Se(VI)), and other tracers. The aquifer has mildly acidic pH values and low concentrations of dissolved salts. Within...

Soft-tissue tumor differentiation using 3D power Doppler ultrasonography with echo-contrast medium injection.

PubMed

Chiou, Hong-Jen; Chou, Yi-Hong; Chen, Wei-Ming; Chen, Winby; Wang, Hsin-Kai; Chang, Cheng-Yen

2010-12-01

We aimed to evaluate the ability of 3-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography to differentiate soft-tissue masses from blood flow and vascularization with contrast medium. Twenty-five patients (mean age, 44.1 years; range, 12-77 years) with a palpable mass were enrolled in this study. Volume data were acquired using linear and convex 3-dimensional probes and contrast medium injected manually by bolus. Data were stored and traced slice by slice for 12 slices. All patients were scanned by the same senior sonologist. The vascular index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascular-flow index (VFI) were automatically calculated after the tumor was completely traced. All tumors were later confirmed by pathology. The study included 8 benign (mean, 36.5 mL; range, 2.4-124 mL) and 17 malignant (mean, 319.4 mL; range, 9.9-1,179.6 mL) tumors. Before contrast medium injection, mean VI, FI and VFI were, respectively, 3.22, 32.26 and 1.07 in benign tumors, and 1.97, 29.33 and 0.67 in malignant tumors. After contrast medium injection, they were, respectively, 20.85, 37.33 and 8.52 in benign tumors, and 40.12, 41.21 and 17.77 in malignant tumors. The mean differences between with and without contrast injection for VI, FI and VFI were, respectively, 17.63, 5.07 and 7.45 in benign tumors, and 38.15, 11.88 and 16.55 in malignant tumors. Tumor volume, VI, FI and VFI were not significantly different between benign and malignant tumors before and after echo-contrast medium injection. However, VI, FI and VFI under self-differentiation (differences between with and without contrast injection) were significantly different between malignant and benign tumors. Three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound is a valuable tool for differential diagnosis of soft-tissue tumors, especially with the injection of an echo-contrast medium. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Clinical and serological responses following primary and booster immunization with Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccines.

PubMed

Keitel, W A; Bond, N L; Zahradnik, J M; Cramton, T A; Robbins, J B

1994-01-01

Clinical and serum antibody responses following intramuscular injection of two formulations of Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide (Vi) were assessed in a double-blind evaluation. Healthy adults were randomly assigned to receive a 25 micrograms dose of liquid (Vi-Liq; n = 182) or freeze-dried Vi vaccine (Vi-Lyoph; n = 55), or placebo (n = 86). Erythema and/or induration > or = 1 cm in diameter at the injection site developed in 13/182 (7%) of Vi-Liq and 3/55 (5%) of Vi-Lyoph recipients (not significant, n.s.). Fever (oral temperature > or = 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C)) occurred in < 2% of vaccinees. The frequencies of rises of fourfold or greater and of maximal Vi antibody levels were similar in the two vaccine groups. Fourfold or greater rises in serum Vi antibody levels (RIA) developed in 53% of Vi-Lyoph and 60% of Vi-Liq recipients by 1 week (n.s.), and 98 and 93%, respectively, by 1 month (n.s.). The frequencies of adverse reactions and mean Vi antibody levels following booster immunization with Vi-Liq 27 to 34 months after primary immunization (n = 55) were similar to those observed following primary immunization, although subjects given a booster dose were more likely to develop local reactions > or = 1 cm in diameter than those given a first dose (10/55 versus 13/182, p = 0.013 by the chi 2 test). Primary and booster immunizations with the Vi vaccines are well tolerated in healthy adults; mean Vi antibody levels remain significantly elevated for up to 34 months after primary immunization.

Flow injection for the determination of Se(IV) and Se(VI) by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry with microwave oven on-line prereduction of Se(VI) to Se(IV)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burguera, J. L.; Carrero, P.; Burguera, M.; Rondon, C.; Brunetto, M. R.; Gallignani, M.

1996-12-01

An on-line flow injection system has been developed for the selective determination of Se(IV) and Se(VI) in citric fruit juices and geothermal waters by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry with microwave-aided heating prereduction of Se(VI) to Se(IV). The samples and the prereductant solutions (4 mol l -1 HCl for Se(IV) and 12 mol l -1 HCl for Se(VI)) which circulated in a closed-flow circuit were injected by means of a time-based injector. This mixture was displaced by a carrier solution of 1% v/v of hydrochloric acid through a PTFE coil located inside the focused microwave oven and mixed downstream with a borohydride solution to generate the hydride. The linear ranges were 0-120 and 0-100 μg l -1 of Se(IV) and Se(VI), respectively. The detection limits were 1.0 μg l -1 for Se(IV) and 1.5 μg l -1 for Se(VI). The precision (about 2.0-2.5% RSD) and recoveries (96-98% for Se(IV) and 94-98% for Se(VI)) were good. Total selenium values were also obtained by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry which agreed with the content of both selenium species. The sample throughput was about 50 measurements per hour. The main advantage of the method is that the selective determination of Se(IV) and Se(VI) in citric fruit juices and geothermal waters is performed in a closed system with a minimum sample manipulation, exposure to the environment, minimum sample waste and operator attention.

The New Class of Layered Iii-Vi Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors and Their Magnetic MEASUREMENTS*

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pekarek, T. M.; Maymi, C.; Watson, E.; Fuller, C. L.; Garner, J. L.; Crooker, B. C.; Miotkowski, I.; Ramdas, A. K.

2002-03-01

A new class of diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) based on III-VI semiconductor hosts has been studied. To date three III-VI DMS systems have been investigated (Ga1-xMnxS, Ga1-xMnxSe, and Ga1-xFexSe). Magnetization measurements on all three systems will be presented. Recent theoretical calculations (based on a Hamiltonian including crystal-field, spin-orbit, spin-spin, and Zeeman terms) have been made for Ga1-xMnxS showing excellent agreement with the experimental data. This establishes Ga1-xMnxS as the first III-VI DMS to be understood both experimentally and theoretically. This new class of III-VI DMS complements the more extensive work on II-VI DMS and III-V DMS. *Support: Research Corporation Cottrell College Science Awards CC4719, CC4845, and CC4668, FL Space Grant Consortium, NHMFL, Purdue Academic Reimbursement Grant, and NSF No. DMR-99-72196, DMR-99-75887, DMR-01-02699, and ECS-01-29853.

Final Scientific/Technical Report for project “Geomechanical Monitoring for CO 2 Hub Storage: Production and Injection at Kevin Dome

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Daley, Thomas M.; Vasco, Don; Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan

After learning that the TDS value in the target injection formation at the Kevin Dome site is too low to qualify for an EPA Class VI CO2 injection permit, the BSCSP project was re-scoped such that injection of CO2 is no longer planned. With no injection planned, the Geomechanics project was closed. In this final report, we describe the objective and approach of the project as proposed, and the limited results obtained before stopping work. The objective of the proposed research was the development & validation of an integrated monitoring approach for quantifying the interactions between large-scale geological carbon storagemore » (GCS) and subsurface geomechanical state, particularly perturbations relevant to reservoir integrity such as fault reactivation and induced fracturing. In the short period of work before knowing the fate of the Kevin Dome project, we (1) researched designs for both the proposed InSAR corner reflectors as well as the near-surface 3C seismic stations; (2) developed preliminary elastic geomechanical models; (3) developed a second generation deformation prediction for the BSCSP Kevin Dome injection site; and (4) completed a preliminary map of InSAR monuments and shallow MEQ wells in the vicinity of the BSCSP injection pad.« less

Speciation of chromium (VI) and total chromium determination in welding dust samples by flow-injection analysis coupled to atomic absorption spectrometry.

PubMed

Girard, L; Hubert, J

1996-11-01

We have studied the speciation of chromium (VI) in stainless-steel welding dusts. The approach used for the analysis of Cr(VI) and total Cr relies on a flow-injection analyzer (FIA) equipped with two different sequential detectors. The system measures Cr(VI). by colorimetry (with 1,5-diphenyl carbohydrazide) and total chromium content by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The extraction of the samples of welding-fume dusts is achieved in a buffer solution (acetic acid and sodium acetate at pH 4). This extraction procedure gives a 96% recovery of chromium (VI). The FIA-AAS system that has been described is also more sensitive, has a lower detection limit (0.005 mug ml(-1)) and gives a better precision (< 1%) than other equivalent systems that have been previously described.

Flow-through Column Experiments and Modeling of Microbially Mediated Cr(VI) Reduction at Hanford 100H

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, L.; Molins, S.; Beller, H. R.; Brodie, E. L.; Steefel, C.; Nico, P. S.; Han, R.

2010-12-01

Microbially mediated Cr(VI) reduction at the Hanford 100H area was investigated by flow-through column experiments. Three separate experiments were conducted to promote microbial activities associated with denitrification, iron and sulfate reduction, respectively. Replicate columns packed with natural sediments from the site under anaerobic environment were injected with 5mM Lactate as the electron donor and 5 μM Cr(VI) in all experiments. Sulfate and nitrate solutions were added to act as the main electron acceptors in the respective experiments, while iron columns relied on the indigenous sediment iron (and manganese) oxides as electron acceptors. Column effluent solutions were analyzed by IC and ICP-MS to monitor the microbial consumption/conversion of lactate and the associated Cr(VI) reduction. Biogeochemical reactive transport modeling was performed to gain further insights into the reaction mechanisms and Cr(VI) bioreduction rates. All experimental columns showed a reduction of the injected Cr(VI). Columns under denitrifying conditions showed the least Cr(VI) reduction at early stages (<60 days) compared to columns run under other experimental conditions, but became more active over time, and ultimately showed the most consistent Cr(VI) reduction. A strong correlation between denitrification and Cr(VI) reduction processes was observed and was in agreement with the results obtained in batch experiments with a denitrifying bacterium isolated from the Hanford site. The accumulation of nitrite does not appear to have an adverse effect on Cr(VI) reduction rates. Reactive transport simulations indicated that biomass growth completely depleted influent ammonium, and called for an additional source of N to account for the measured reduction rates. Iron columns were the least active with undetectable consumption of the injected lactate, slowest cell growth, and the smallest change in Cr(VI) concentrations during the course of the experiment. In contrast, columns under sulfate-reducing/fermentative conditions exhibited the greatest Cr(VI) reduction capacity. Two sulfate columns evolved to complete lactate fermentation with acetate and propionate produced in the column effluent after 40 days of experiments. These fermenting columns showed a complete removal of injected Cr(VI), visible precipitation of sulfide minerals, and a significant increase in effluent Fe and Mn concentrations. Reactive transport simulations suggested that direct reduction of Cr(VI) by Fe(II) and Mn(II) released from the sediment could account for the observed Cr(VI) removal. The biogeochemical modeling was employed to test two hypotheses that could explain the release of Fe(II) and Mn(II) from the column sediments: 1) acetate produced by lactate fermentation provided the substrate for the growth of iron(III) and manganese(IV) oxide reducers, and 2) direct reduction of iron(III) and manganese(IV) oxides by hydrogen sulfide generated during sulfate reduction. Overall, experimental and modeling results suggested that Cr(VI) reduction in the sulfate-reducing columns occurred through a complex network of microbial reactions that included fermentation, sulfate reduction, and possibly the stimulated iron-reducing communities.

Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type VI in Individuals from Northern Canada.

PubMed

Ward, Leanne; Bardai, Ghalib; Moffatt, Pierre; Al-Jallad, Hadil; Trejo, Pamela; Glorieux, Francis H; Rauch, Frank

2016-06-01

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type VI is a recessively inherited form of OI that is caused by mutations in SERPINF1, the gene coding for pigment-epithelium derived factor (PEDF). Here, we report on two apparently unrelated children with OI type VI who had the same unusual homozygous variant in intron 6 of SERPINF1 (c.787-10C>G). This variant created a novel splice site that led to the in-frame addition of three amino acids to PEDF (p.Lys262_Ile263insLeuSerGln). Western blotting showed that skin fibroblasts with this mutation produced PEDF but failed to secrete it. Both children were treated with intravenous bisphosphonates, but the treatment of Individual 1 was switched to subcutaneous injections of denosumab (dose 1 mg per kg body weight, repeated every 3 months). An iliac bone sample obtained after 5 denosumab injections (and 3 months after the last injection) showed no change in the increased osteoid parameters that are typical of OI type VI, but the number of osteoclasts in trabecular bone was markedly increased. This suggests that the effect of denosumab on osteoclast suppression is of shorter duration in children with OI type VI than what has previously been reported on adults with osteoporosis.

Differential determination of chromium(VI) and total chromium in natural waters using flow injection on-line separation and preconcentration electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.

PubMed

Sperling, M; Yin, X; Welz, B

1992-03-01

A rapid, sensitive and selective method for the differential determination of CrIII and CrVI in natural waters is described. Chromium(vi) can be determined directly by flow injection on-line sorbent extraction preconcentration coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using sodium diethyldithiocarbamate as the complexing agent and C18 bonded silica reversed-phase sorbent as the column material. Total Cr can be determined after oxidation of CrIII to CrVI by potassium peroxydisulfate. Chromium(III) can be calculated by difference. The optimum conditions for sorbent extraction of CrVI and oxidation of CrIII to CrVI are evaluated. A 12-fold enhancement in sensitivity compared with direct introduction of 40 microliters samples was achieved after preconcentration for 60 s, giving detection limits of 16 ng l-1 for CrVI and 18 ng l-1 for total Cr (based on 3 sigma). Results obtained for sea-water and river water reference materials were all within the certified range for total Cr with a precision of better than 10% relative standard deviation in the range 100-200 ng l-1. The selectivity of the determination of CrVI was evaluated by analysing spiked reference materials in the presence of CrIII, resulting in quantitative recovery of CrVI.

Speciation of selenium and arsenic compounds by capillary electrophoresis with hydrodynamically modified electroosmotic flow and on-line reduction of selenium(VI) to selenium(IV) with hydride generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection.

PubMed

Magnuson, M L; Creed, J T; Brockhoff, C A

1997-10-01

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with hydride generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine four arsenicals and two selenium species. Selenate (SeVI) was reduced on-line to selenite (SeIV) by mixing the CE effluent with concentrated HCl. A microporous PTFE tube was used as a gas-liquid separator to eliminate the 40Ar37Cl and 40Ar35Cl interference from 77Se and 75As, respectively. The direction of the electroosmotic flow during CE was reversed with hydrodynamic pressure, which allowed increased freedom of buffer choice. For conventional pressure injection, method detection limits for SeIV and SeVI based on seven replicate injections were 10 and 24 pg, respectively. Recoveries of SeIV and SeVI in drinking water were measured.

Comparison of Field Groundwater Biostimulation Experiments Using Polylactate and Lactate Solutions at the Chromium-Contaminated Hanford 100-H Site

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hazen, T. C.; Faybishenko, B.; Beller, H. R.; Brodie, E. L.; Sonnenthal, E. L.; Steefel, C.; Larsen, J.; Conrad, M. E.; Bill, M.; Christensen, J. N.; Brown, S. T.; Joyner, D.; Borglin, S. E.; Geller, J. T.; Chakraborty, R.; Nico, P. S.; Long, P. E.; Newcomer, D. R.; Arntzen, E.

2011-12-01

The primary contaminant of concern in groundwater at the DOE Hanford 100 Area (Washington State) is hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in Hanford coarse-grained sediments. Three lactate injections were conducted in March, August, and October 2010 at the Hanford 100-H field site to assess the efficacy of in situ Cr(VI) bioreductive immobilization. Each time, 55 gal of lactate solution was injected into the Hanford aquifer. To characterize the biogeochemical regimes before and after electron donor injection, we implemented a comprehensive plan of groundwater sampling for microbial, geochemical, and isotopic analyses. These tests were performed to provide evidence of transformation of toxic and soluble Cr(VI) into less toxic and poorly soluble Cr(III) by bioimmobilization, and to quantify critical and interrelated microbial metabolic and geochemical mechanisms affecting chromium in situ reductive immobilization and the long-term sustainability of chromium bioremediation. The results of lactate injections were compared with data from two groundwater biostimulation tests that were conducted in 2004 and 2008 by injecting Hydrogen Release Compound (HRC°), a slow-release glycerol polylactate, into the Hanford aquifer. In all HRC and lactate injection tests, 13C-labeled lactate was added to the injected solutions to track post-injection carbon pathways. Monitoring showed that despite a very low initial total microbial density (from <104 to 105 cells/mL), both HRC and lactate injections stimulated anaerobic microbial activity, which led to an increase in biomass to >107 cells/mL (including sulfate- and nitrate-reducing bacteria), resulting in a significant decrease in soluble Cr(VI) concentrations to below the MCL. In all tests, lactate was consumed nearly completely within the first week, much faster than HRC. Modeling of biogeochemical and isotope fractionation processes with the reaction-transport code TOUGHREACT captured the biodegradation of lactate, fermentative production of acetate and propionate, the evolution of 13C in bicarbonate, and the rate of sulfate reduction. In contrast to the slow-release HRC injections, no long-term effects of biostimulation and Cr bioreduction were observed in groundwater after the lactate injections. The presentation will address these patterns of the geochemical, δ13C of DIC, and biomass changes in groundwater before and after the polylactate and lactate injections.

Reactive oxygen species mediate Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis through PI3K/AKT-dependent activation of GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Son, Young-Ok; Pratheeshkumar, Poyil; Wang, Lei

Cr(VI) compounds are known human carcinogens that primarily target the lungs. Cr(VI) produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the exact effects of ROS on the signaling molecules involved in Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis have not been extensively studied. Chronic exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells to Cr(VI) at nanomolar concentrations (10–100 nM) for 3 months not only induced cell transformation, but also increased the potential of these cells to invade and migrate. Injection of Cr(VI)-stimulated cells into nude mice resulted in the formation of tumors. Chronic exposure to Cr(VI) increased levels of intracellular ROS and antiapoptotic proteins. Transfection with catalase or superoxidemore » dismutase (SOD) prevented Cr(VI)-mediated increases in colony formation, cell invasion, migration, and xenograft tumors. While chronic Cr(VI) exposure led to activation of signaling cascades involving PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT/mTOR, transfection with catalase or SOD markedly inhibited Cr(VI)-mediated activation of these signaling proteins. Inhibitors specific for AKT or β-catenin almost completely suppressed the Cr(VI)-mediated increase in total and active β-catenin proteins and colony formation. In particular, Cr(VI) suppressed autophagy of epithelial cells under nutrition deprivation. Furthermore, there was a marked induction of AKT, GSK-3β, β-catenin, mTOR, and carcinogenic markers in tumor tissues formed in mice after injection with Cr(VI)-stimulated cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that ROS is a key mediator of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis through the activation of PI3K/AKT-dependent GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling and the promotion of cell survival mechanisms via the inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy. - Highlights: • Chronic exposure to Cr(VI) induces carcinogenic properties in BEAS-2B cells. • ROS play an important role in Cr(VI)-induced tumorigenicity of BEAS-2B cells. • PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling involved in Cr(VI) carcinogenesis. • The inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy contributes to Cr(VI) carcinogenesis.« less

Transformed yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) overexpressing rice Tau class glutathione S-transferase (OsGSTU30 and OsGSTU41) shows enhanced resistance to hexavalent chromium.

PubMed

Tripathi, Ankita; Indoliya, Yuvraj; Tiwari, Madhu; Tiwari, Poonam; Srivastava, Dipali; Verma, Pankaj kumar; Verma, Shikha; Gautam, Neelam; Chakrabarty, Debasis

2014-08-01

Extensive use of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in leather tanning, stainless-steel production, wood preservatives and electroplating industries has resulted in widespread environmental pollution and poses a serious threat to human health. A plant's response to Cr(VI) stress results in growth inhibition and toxicity leading to changes in components of antioxidant systems. In a previous study, we observed that a large number of glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes were up-regulated under Cr(VI) stress in rice. In this study, two rice root-specific Tau class GST genes (OsGSTU30 and OsGSTU41) were introduced into yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe). Transformed yeast cells overexpressing OsGSTU30 and OsGSTU41 had normal growth, but had much higher levels of GST activities and showed enhanced resistance to Cr(VI) as compared to control cells (transformed with empty vector). Also, a higher accumulation of chromium was found in the transformed yeast cells as compared to the control cells. Manipulation of glutathione biosynthesis by exogenous application of buthionine sulfoximine abolishes the protective effect of OsGSTs against Cr(VI) stress. These results suggest that Tau class OsGSTs play a significant role in detoxification of Cr(VI), probably by chelating and sequestrating glutathione-Cr(VI) complexes into vacuoles.

Uranium Bioreduction Rates across Scales: Biogeochemical Hot Moments and Hot Spots during a Biostimulation Experiment at Rifle, Colorado

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bao, Chen; Wu, Hongfei; Li, Li

2014-09-02

We aim to understand the scale-dependent evolution of uranium bioreduction during a field experiment at a former uranium mill site near Rifle, Colorado. Acetate was injected to stimulate Fe-reducing bacteria (FeRB) and to immobilize aqueous U(VI) to insoluble U(IV). Bicarbonate was coinjected in half of the domain to mobilize sorbed U(VI). We used reactive transport modeling to integrate hydraulic and geochemical data and to quantify rates at the grid block (0.25 m) and experimental field scale (tens of meters). Although local rates varied by orders of magnitude in conjunction with biostimulation fronts propagating downstream, field-scale rates were dominated by thosemore » orders of magnitude higher rates at a few selected hot spots where Fe(III), U(VI), and FeRB were at their maxima in the vicinity of the injection wells. At particular locations, the hot moments with maximum rates negatively corresponded to their distance from the injection wells. Although bicarbonate injection enhanced local rates near the injection wells by a maximum of 39.4%, its effect at the field scale was limited to a maximum of 10.0%. We propose a rate-versus-measurement-length relationship (log R' = -0.63« less

Fluticasone furoate and vilanterol inhalation powder for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

PubMed

Matera, Maria Gabriella; Capuano, Annalisa; Cazzola, Mario

2015-02-01

Fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (FF/VI) is a novel inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β₂-agonist (ICS/LABA) fixed dose combination that, by simplifying the dosing schedule, allows, for the first time in a member of the ICS/LABA class, a shift from twice-daily to once-daily treatment. FF/VI is delivered via a novel, single-step activation, multi-dose dry powder inhaler for oral inhalation, Ellipta. Regrettably, there are no head-to-head trials that have shown superiority in the safety or efficacy of FF versus other ICSs, but evidence shows that VI has a quicker onset of effect versus salmeterol. However, the clinical utility of this effect in a maintenance medication is still questionable. Furthermore, benefits of FF/VI over twice-daily ICS/LABA comparator have not been shown yet and, in addition, its adverse event profile is generally consistent with the known class effects of an ICS/LABA fixed dose combination. In particular, there is an increase in the risk of pneumonia among patients treated with FF/VI relative to VI, mainly among those who benefit most from FF/VI. Nevertheless, the interesting pharmacological profiles of both FF and VI, the possibility that FF/VI can be administered once-daily, and the attractive characteristics of Ellipta are important features that could help FF/VI to be a successful combination in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

SAM-VI RNAs selectively bind S-adenosylmethionine and exhibit similarities to SAM-III riboswitches.

PubMed

Mirihana Arachchilage, Gayan; Sherlock, Madeline E; Weinberg, Zasha; Breaker, Ronald R

2018-03-04

Five distinct riboswitch classes that regulate gene expression in response to the cofactor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) or its metabolic breakdown product S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) have been reported previously. Collectively, these SAM- or SAH-sensing RNAs constitute the most abundant collection of riboswitches, and are found in nearly every major bacterial lineage. Here, we report a potential sixth member of this pervasive riboswitch family, called SAM-VI, which is predominantly found in Bifidobacterium species. SAM-VI aptamers selectively bind the cofactor SAM and strongly discriminate against SAH. The consensus sequence and structural model for SAM-VI share some features with the consensus model for the SAM-III riboswitch class, whose members are mainly found in lactic acid bacteria. However, there are sufficient differences between the two classes such that current bioinformatics methods separately cluster representatives of the two motifs. These findings highlight the abundance of RNA structures that can form to selectively recognize SAM, and showcase the ability of RNA to utilize diverse strategies to perform similar biological functions.

Osmium(VI) complexes as a new class of potential anti-cancer agents.

PubMed

Ni, Wen-Xiu; Man, Wai-Lun; Cheung, Myra Ting-Wai; Sun, Raymond Wai-Yin; Shu, Yuan-Lan; Lam, Yun-Wah; Che, Chi-Ming; Lau, Tai-Chu

2011-02-21

A nitridoosmium(VI) complex [Os(VI)(N)(sap)(OH(2))Cl] (H(2)sap = N-salicylidene-2-aminophenol) displays prominent in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer properties, induces S- and G2/M-phase arrest and forms a stable adduct with dianionic 5'-guanosine monophosphate.

Uranium bioreduction rates across scales: biogeochemical hot moments and hot spots during a biostimulation experiment at Rifle, Colorado.

PubMed

Bao, Chen; Wu, Hongfei; Li, Li; Newcomer, Darrell; Long, Philip E; Williams, Kenneth H

2014-09-02

We aim to understand the scale-dependent evolution of uranium bioreduction during a field experiment at a former uranium mill site near Rifle, Colorado. Acetate was injected to stimulate Fe-reducing bacteria (FeRB) and to immobilize aqueous U(VI) to insoluble U(IV). Bicarbonate was coinjected in half of the domain to mobilize sorbed U(VI). We used reactive transport modeling to integrate hydraulic and geochemical data and to quantify rates at the grid block (0.25 m) and experimental field scale (tens of meters). Although local rates varied by orders of magnitude in conjunction with biostimulation fronts propagating downstream, field-scale rates were dominated by those orders of magnitude higher rates at a few selected hot spots where Fe(III), U(VI), and FeRB were at their maxima in the vicinity of the injection wells. At particular locations, the hot moments with maximum rates negatively corresponded to their distance from the injection wells. Although bicarbonate injection enhanced local rates near the injection wells by a maximum of 39.4%, its effect at the field scale was limited to a maximum of 10.0%. We propose a rate-versus-measurement-length relationship (log R' = -0.63 log L - 2.20, with R' in μmol/mg cell protein/day and L in meters) for orders-of-magnitude estimation of uranium bioreduction rates across scales.

Ultratrace Determination of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) by Microsample Injection System Flame Atomic Spectroscopy in Drinking Water and Treated and Untreated Industrial Effluents

PubMed Central

Baig, Jameel Ahmed; Kazi, Tasneem Gul; Elci, Latif; Afridi, Hassan Imran; Khan, Muhammad Irfan; Naseer, Hafiz Muhammad

2013-01-01

Simple and robust analytical procedures were developed for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and lead (Pb(II)) by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) using microsample injection system coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (MIS-FAAS). For the current study, ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC), carbon tetrachloride, and ethanol were used as chelating agent, extraction solvent, and disperser solvent, respectively. The effective variables of developed method have been optimized and studied in detail. The limit of detection of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) were 0.037 and 0.054 µg/L, respectively. The enrichment factors in both cases were 400 with 40 mL of initial volumes. The relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 6) were <4%. The applicability and the accuracy of DLLME were estimated by the analysis of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) in industrial effluent wastewater by standard addition method (recoveries >96%). The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) at ultratrace levels in natural drinking water and industrial effluents wastewater of Denizli. Moreover, the proposed method was compared with the literature reported method. PMID:24163779

Effectiveness and sustainability of the ViSC Social Competence Program to prevent cyberbullying and cyber-victimization: Class and individual level moderators.

PubMed

Gradinger, Petra; Yanagida, Takuya; Strohmeier, Dagmar; Spiel, Christiane

2016-01-01

We investigated whether the general anti-bullying program ViSC sustainably prevents cyberbullying and cyber-victimization. A longitudinal randomized control group design was used to examine (i) program effectiveness immediately after a 1 year implementation phase and (ii) sustainable program effects 6 months later taking several moderators on the class level (class climate and ethnic diversity) and on the individual level (gender, age, internet usage, traditional bullying/victimization) into account. Effectiveness (e.g., the change between waves 2 and 1) was examined in 2,042 students (47.6% girls), aged 11.7 years (SD = 0.88) enrolled in 18 schools and 103 classes. Sustainability (e.g., the change between waves 3 and 2) was examined in a sub-sample of 6 schools and 35 classes comprising 659 students. The self-assessment multiple-item scales showed longitudinal and multiple group invariance. Factor scores were extracted to compute difference scores for effectiveness (Posttest minus Pretest) and sustainability (Follow-up test minus Posttest) for cyberbullying and cyber-victimization. Multilevel Modeling was applied to examine (i) the effectiveness and (ii) the sustainability of the ViSC intervention controlling for several individual and class level variables. Controlling for covariates, it was demonstrated that the ViSC program is effective in preventing cyberbullying and cyber-victimization and that the effects are sustainable after 6 months. The consequences for cyberbullying prevention are discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

THE SPITZER SURVEY OF INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS IN THE GOULD BELT. IV. LUPUS V AND VI OBSERVED WITH IRAC AND MIPS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Spezzi, Loredana; Vernazza, Pierre; Merin, Bruno

2011-04-01

We present Gould's Belt (GB) Spitzer IRAC and MIPS observations of the Lupus V and VI clouds and discuss them in combination with near-infrared (2MASS) data. Our observations complement those obtained for other Lupus clouds within the frame of the Spitzer 'Core to Disk' (c2d) Legacy Survey. We found 43 young stellar object (YSO) candidates in Lupus V and 45 in Lupus VI, including two transition disks, using the standard c2d/GB selection method. None of these sources was classified as a pre-main-sequence star from previous optical, near-IR, and X-ray surveys. A large majority of these YSO candidates appear to bemore » surrounded by thin disks (Class III; {approx}79% in Lupus V and {approx}87% in Lupus VI). These Class III abundances differ significantly from those observed for the other Lupus clouds and c2d/GB surveyed star-forming regions, where objects with optically thick disks (Class II) dominate the young population. We investigate various scenarios that can explain this discrepancy. In particular, we show that disk photoevaporation due to nearby OB stars is not responsible for the high fraction of Class III objects. The gas surface densities measured for Lupus V and VI lie below the star formation threshold (A{sub V} {approx} 8.6 mag), while this is not the case for other Lupus clouds. Thus, few Myr older age for the YSOs in Lupus V and VI with respect to other Lupus clouds is the most likely explanation of the high fraction of Class III objects in these clouds, while a higher characteristic stellar mass might be a contributing factor. Better constraints on the age and binary fraction of the Lupus clouds might solve the puzzle but require further observations.« less

The Effect of Si and Al Concentration Ratios on the Removal of U(VI) under Hanford Site 200 Area Conditions-12115

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Katsenovich, Yelena; Gonzalez, Nathan; Moreno-Pastor, Carol

2012-07-01

Injection of reactive gases, such as NH{sub 3}, is an innovative technique to mitigate uranium contamination in soil for a vadose zone (VZ) contaminated with radionuclides. A series of experiments were conducted to examine the effect of the concentration ratio of silicon to aluminum in the presence of various bicarbonate concentrations on the coprecipitation process of U(VI). The concentration of Al in all tests remained unchanged at 2.8 mM. Experiments showed that the removal efficiency of uranium was not significantly affected by the different bicarbonate and U(VI) concentrations tested. For the lower Si:Al molar ratios of 2:1 and 18:1, themore » removal efficiency of uranium was relatively low (≤ 8%). For the Si:Al molar ratio of 35:1, the removal efficiency of uranium was increased to an average of ∼82% for all bicarbonate concentrations tested. At higher Si:Al molar ratios (53:1 and above), a relatively high removal efficiency of U(VI), approximately 85% and higher, was observed. These results demonstrate that the U(VI) removal efficiency is more affected by the Si:Al molar ratio than by the bicarbonate concentration in solution. The results of this experiment are promising for the potential implementation of NH{sub 3} gas injection for the remediation of U(VI) -contaminated VZ. (authors)« less

Intraspecies Competition in Serratia marcescens Is Mediated by Type VI-Secreted Rhs Effectors and a Conserved Effector-Associated Accessory Protein

PubMed Central

Alcoforado Diniz, Juliana

2015-01-01

ABSTRACT The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria and can deliver toxic effector proteins into eukaryotic cells or competitor bacteria. Antibacterial T6SSs are increasingly recognized as key mediators of interbacterial competition and may contribute to the outcome of many polymicrobial infections. Multiple antibacterial effectors can be delivered by these systems, with diverse activities against target cells and distinct modes of secretion. Polymorphic toxins containing Rhs repeat domains represent a recently identified and as-yet poorly characterized class of T6SS-dependent effectors. Previous work had revealed that the potent antibacterial T6SS of the opportunistic pathogen Serratia marcescens promotes intraspecies as well as interspecies competition (S. L. Murdoch, K. Trunk, G. English, M. J. Fritsch, E. Pourkarimi, and S. J. Coulthurst, J Bacteriol 193:6057–6069, 2011, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.05671-11). In this study, two new Rhs family antibacterial effectors delivered by this T6SS have been identified. One of these was shown to act as a DNase toxin, while the other contains a novel, cytoplasmic-acting toxin domain. Importantly, using S. marcescens, it has been demonstrated for the first time that Rhs proteins, rather than other T6SS-secreted effectors, can be the primary determinant of intraspecies competition. Furthermore, a new family of accessory proteins associated with T6SS effectors has been identified, exemplified by S. marcescens EagR1, which is specifically required for deployment of its associated Rhs effector. Together, these findings provide new insight into how bacteria can use the T6SS to deploy Rhs-family effectors and mediate different types of interbacterial interactions. IMPORTANCE Infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens represent a continuing threat to health and economic prosperity. To counter this threat, we must understand how such organisms survive and prosper. The type VI secretion system is a weapon that many pathogens deploy to compete against rival bacterial cells by injecting multiple antibacterial toxins into them. The ability to compete is vital considering that bacteria generally live in mixed communities. We aimed to identify new toxins and understand their deployment and role in interbacterial competition. We describe two new type VI secretion system-delivered toxins of the Rhs class, demonstrate that this class can play a primary role in competition between closely related bacteria, and identify a new accessory factor needed for their delivery. PMID:25939831

Chromium Isotopic Monitoring of HRC-Stimulated Bio-containment at the 100H Test Site, Hanford, Washington

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Christensen, J. N.; Brown, S. T.; Brodie, E. L.; Chakraborty, R.; Conrad, M. E.; Long, P. E.; Faybishenko, B.; Hazen, T. C.

2007-12-01

Hexavalent Cr (Cr(VI)) groundwater contamination is a common problem in the U.S. associated with industrial activity (e.g. electroplating, tanning, paints, anti-corrosion). In the particular case of the Hanford Site, Washington, chromate was used primarily to inhibit corrosion in nuclear reactor cooling systems. During the active operation of the Hanford Site, disposal of waste water bearing chromate, and accidental releases to the vadose zone resulted in significant groundwater contamination with local concentrations near the Columbia river reaching over 1000 ppb Cr(VI). In an effort to test an effective bio-containment strategy for groundwater Cr(VI), a site was selected between the 100D and 100H reactor areas with modest concentrations (~100 ppb Cr(VI) over the past two decades). A slow-release 13C labeled polylactate amendment (HRCTM, Regenesis, Ltd.) was injected into groundwater within a sandy formation to stimulate bacterial activity in order to produce conditions that promote the reduction of dissolved Cr(VI) to insoluble Cr(III) complexes [1]. Since the injection of HRCTM in August 2004, groundwater Cr(VI) concentration has been locally below 1 ppb, and reducing conditions have been maintained to at least the present time. The isotopic composition of Cr can be fractionated during reduction from Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and so has the potential to be used as a monitor of hexavalent Cr reduction [2, 3]. This would provide a direct signature of Cr(VI) reduction, discernable from simple attenuation by dilution. In order to explore the use of Cr isotopic measurements for evaluating processes of Cr(VI) reduction, we have analyzed a series of samples in space and time for Cr isotopic composition (δ53Cr, permil deviation of sample 53Cr/52Cr from that of SRM970). Groundwater samples came from the HRC injection well, from multiple depths of three down-gradient wells, and from an up-gradient well. Samples from down-gradient wells have Cr that is isotopically fractionated relative to samples from the up-gradient well. Taken together, samples from a single sampling campaign yield an apparent fractionation of 2.2 ‰. Cr isotopic measurements of the latest samples (June, 2007) confirm continued reduction of Cr(VI) nearly three years after the introduction of HRCTM, suggesting the long-term effectiveness of this bio-stimulated containment strategy. [1] http://esd.lbl.gov/ERT/hanford100h/ [2] Ellis, AS, Johnson, TM and Bohlen, TD (2002) Science. 295:2060-2062. [3] Johnson, TM and Bohlen, TD (2004) Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Vol. 55, p.289-317.

On the removal of hexavalent chromium from a Class F fly ash.

PubMed

Huggins, F E; Rezaee, M; Honaker, R Q; Hower, J C

2016-05-01

Coarse and fine samples of a Class F fly ash obtained from commercial combustion of Illinois bituminous coal have been exposed to two long-term leaching tests designed to simulate conditions in waste impoundments. ICP-AES analysis indicated that the coarse and fine fly ash samples contained 135 and 171mg/kg Cr, respectively. Measurements by XAFS spectroscopy showed that the ash samples originally contained 5 and 8% of the chromium, respectively, in the hexavalent oxidation state, Cr(VI). After exposure to water for more than four months, the percentage of chromium as Cr(VI) in the fly-ash decreased significantly for the coarse and fine fly-ash in both tests. Combining the XAFS data with ICP-AES data on the concentration of chromium in the leachates indicated that, after the nineteen-week-long, more aggressive, kinetic test on the coarse fly ash, approximately 60% of the Cr(VI) had been leached, 20% had been reduced to Cr(III) and retained in the ash, and 20% remained as Cr(VI) in the ash. In contrast, during the six-month-long baseline test, very little Cr was actually leached from either the coarse or the fine fly-ash (<0.1mg/kg); rather, about 66% and 20%, respectively, of the original Cr(VI) in the coarse and fine fly-ash was retained in the ash in that form, while the remainder, 34% and 80%, respectively, was reduced and retained in the ash as Cr(III). The results are interpreted as indicating that Cr(VI) present in Class F fly-ash can be reduced to Cr(III) when in contact with water and that such chemical reduction can compete with physical removal of Cr(VI) from the ash by aqueous leaching. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Significant Association between Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria and Uranium-Reducing Microbial Communities as Revealed by a Combined Massively Parallel Sequencing-Indicator Species Approach▿ †

PubMed Central

Cardenas, Erick; Wu, Wei-Min; Leigh, Mary Beth; Carley, Jack; Carroll, Sue; Gentry, Terry; Luo, Jian; Watson, David; Gu, Baohua; Ginder-Vogel, Matthew; Kitanidis, Peter K.; Jardine, Philip M.; Zhou, Jizhong; Criddle, Craig S.; Marsh, Terence L.; Tiedje, James M.

2010-01-01

Massively parallel sequencing has provided a more affordable and high-throughput method to study microbial communities, although it has mostly been used in an exploratory fashion. We combined pyrosequencing with a strict indicator species statistical analysis to test if bacteria specifically responded to ethanol injection that successfully promoted dissimilatory uranium(VI) reduction in the subsurface of a uranium contamination plume at the Oak Ridge Field Research Center in Tennessee. Remediation was achieved with a hydraulic flow control consisting of an inner loop, where ethanol was injected, and an outer loop for flow-field protection. This strategy reduced uranium concentrations in groundwater to levels below 0.126 μM and created geochemical gradients in electron donors from the inner-loop injection well toward the outer loop and downgradient flow path. Our analysis with 15 sediment samples from the entire test area found significant indicator species that showed a high degree of adaptation to the three different hydrochemical-created conditions. Castellaniella and Rhodanobacter characterized areas with low pH, heavy metals, and low bioactivity, while sulfate-, Fe(III)-, and U(VI)-reducing bacteria (Desulfovibrio, Anaeromyxobacter, and Desulfosporosinus) were indicators of areas where U(VI) reduction occurred. The abundance of these bacteria, as well as the Fe(III) and U(VI) reducer Geobacter, correlated with the hydraulic connectivity to the substrate injection site, suggesting that the selected populations were a direct response to electron donor addition by the groundwater flow path. A false-discovery-rate approach was implemented to discard false-positive results by chance, given the large amount of data compared. PMID:20729318

Significant association between sulfate-reducing bacteria and uranium-reducing microbial communities as revealed by a combined massively parallel sequencing-indicator species approach.

PubMed

Cardenas, Erick; Wu, Wei-Min; Leigh, Mary Beth; Carley, Jack; Carroll, Sue; Gentry, Terry; Luo, Jian; Watson, David; Gu, Baohua; Ginder-Vogel, Matthew; Kitanidis, Peter K; Jardine, Philip M; Zhou, Jizhong; Criddle, Craig S; Marsh, Terence L; Tiedje, James M

2010-10-01

Massively parallel sequencing has provided a more affordable and high-throughput method to study microbial communities, although it has mostly been used in an exploratory fashion. We combined pyrosequencing with a strict indicator species statistical analysis to test if bacteria specifically responded to ethanol injection that successfully promoted dissimilatory uranium(VI) reduction in the subsurface of a uranium contamination plume at the Oak Ridge Field Research Center in Tennessee. Remediation was achieved with a hydraulic flow control consisting of an inner loop, where ethanol was injected, and an outer loop for flow-field protection. This strategy reduced uranium concentrations in groundwater to levels below 0.126 μM and created geochemical gradients in electron donors from the inner-loop injection well toward the outer loop and downgradient flow path. Our analysis with 15 sediment samples from the entire test area found significant indicator species that showed a high degree of adaptation to the three different hydrochemical-created conditions. Castellaniella and Rhodanobacter characterized areas with low pH, heavy metals, and low bioactivity, while sulfate-, Fe(III)-, and U(VI)-reducing bacteria (Desulfovibrio, Anaeromyxobacter, and Desulfosporosinus) were indicators of areas where U(VI) reduction occurred. The abundance of these bacteria, as well as the Fe(III) and U(VI) reducer Geobacter, correlated with the hydraulic connectivity to the substrate injection site, suggesting that the selected populations were a direct response to electron donor addition by the groundwater flow path. A false-discovery-rate approach was implemented to discard false-positive results by chance, given the large amount of data compared.

9 CFR 113.455 - Clostridium Perfringens Type D Antitoxin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... cause sickness or death in injected mice. (iii) L + dose. The smallest quantity of toxin which can be mixed with one-tenth unit of Standard Antitoxin and cause death in at least 80 percent of injected mice... until injections of mice can be made. (vi) Five Swiss white mice, each weighing 16-20 grams, shall be...

In situ Bioreduction of Uranium (VI) in Groundwater and Sediments with Edible Oil as the Electron Donor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, W.; Watson, D. B.; Mehlhorn, T.; Zhang, G.; Earles, J.; Lowe, K.; Phillips, J.; Boyanov, M.; Kemner, K. M.; Schadt, C. W.; Brooks, S. C.; Criddle, C.; Jardine, P.

2009-12-01

In situ bioremediation of a uranium-contaminated aquifer was conducted at the US DOE Environmental Remediation Sciences Program (ERSP) Integrated Field Research Challenge (IFRC) site, in Oak Ridge, TN. Edible oil was tested as a slow-release electron donor for microbially mediated U (VI) reduction. Uranium contaminated sediments from the site were used in laboratory microcosm tests to study the feasibility of using this electron donor under anaerobic, ambient temperature conditions. Parallel microcosms were established using ethanol as electron donor for comparison. The tests also examined the impact of sulfate concentrations on U (VI) reduction. The oil was degraded by indigenous microorganisms with acetate as a major product but at a much slower rate than ethanol. The rapid removal of U (VI) from the aqueous phase occurred concurrently with acetate production and sulfate reduction. Initial U(VI) concentration in the aqueous phase increased with increased sulfate concentration (1 vs. 5 mM), likely due to U(VI) desorption from the solid phase, but more U(VI) was reduced with higher initial sulfate level. Finally, the bioreaction in microcosms progressed to methanogenesis. Subsequently, a field test with the edible oil was conducted in a highly permeable gravelly layer (hydraulic conductivity 0.076 cm/sec). Groundwater at the site contained 5-6 μM U; 1.0-1.2 mM sulfate; 3-4 mM Ca; pH 6.8. Diluted emulsified oil (20% solution) was injected into three injection wells within 2 hrs. Geochemical analysis of site groundwater demonstrated the sequential reduction of nitrate, Mn, Fe(III) and sulfate. Transient accumulation of acetate was observed as an intermediate in the oil degradation. Reduction and removal of uranium from groundwater was observed in all wells connected to the injection wells after 2-4 weeks. Uranium concentrations in groundwater were reduced to below 0.126 μM (EPA drinking water standard), at some well locations. Rebound of U in groundwater was observed together with the rebound of sulfate concentrations as the oil was consumed. Uranium (VI) reduction to U (IV) in the microcosm and in situ field tests was confirmed by X-ray near-edge absorption spectroscopy analysis. Bacterial populations in microcosms and field samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene libraries and Geochip analysis.

Immunization with the conjugate vaccine Vi-CRM₁₉₇ against Salmonella typhi induces Vi-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses in mice.

PubMed

Fiorino, Fabio; Ciabattini, Annalisa; Rondini, Simona; Pozzi, Gianni; Martin, Laura B; Medaglini, Donata

2012-09-21

Typhoid fever is a public health problem, especially among young children in developing countries. To address this need, a glycoconjugate vaccine Vi-CRM₁₉₇, composed of the polysaccharide antigen Vi covalently conjugated to the non-toxic mutant of diphtheria toxin CRM₁₉₇, is under development. Here, we assessed the antibody and cellular responses, both local and systemic, following subcutaneous injection of Vi-CRM₁₉₇. The glycoconjugate elicited Vi-specific serum IgG titers significantly higher than unconjugated Vi, with prevalence of IgG1 that persisted for at least 60 days after immunization. Vi-specific IgG, but not IgA, were present in intestinal washes. Lymphocytes proliferation after restimulation with Vi-CRM₁₉₇ was observed in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. These data confirm the immunogenicity of Vi-CRM₁₉₇ and demonstrate that the vaccine-specific antibody and cellular immune responses are present also in the intestinal tract, thus strengthening the suitability of Vi-CRM₁₉₇ as a promising candidate vaccine against Salmonella Typhi. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 146.82 - Required Class VI permit information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., Class II, or Class V experimental wells, certain maps, cross-sections, tabulations of wells within the.../facies changes based on field data which may include geologic cores, outcrop data, seismic surveys, well...

40 CFR 146.82 - Required Class VI permit information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., Class II, or Class V experimental wells, certain maps, cross-sections, tabulations of wells within the.../facies changes based on field data which may include geologic cores, outcrop data, seismic surveys, well...

40 CFR 146.82 - Required Class VI permit information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., Class II, or Class V experimental wells, certain maps, cross-sections, tabulations of wells within the.../facies changes based on field data which may include geologic cores, outcrop data, seismic surveys, well...

40 CFR 146.82 - Required Class VI permit information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., Class II, or Class V experimental wells, certain maps, cross-sections, tabulations of wells within the.../facies changes based on field data which may include geologic cores, outcrop data, seismic surveys, well...

GeoChip-based analysis of functional microbial communities in a bioreduced uranium-contaminated aquifer during reoxidation by oxygen

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Van Nostrand, J.D.; Wu, W.-M.; Wu, L.

2009-07-15

A pilot-scale system was established for in situ biostimulation of U(VI) reduction by ethanol addition at the US Department of Energy's (DOE's) Field Research Center (Oak Ridge, TN). After achieving U(VI) reduction, stability of the bioreduced U(IV) was evaluated under conditions of (i) resting (no ethanol injection), (ii) reoxidation by introducing dissolved oxygen (DO), and (iii) reinjection of ethanol. GeoChip, a functional gene array with probes for N, S and C cycling, metal resistance and contaminant degradation genes, was used for monitoring groundwater microbial communities. High diversity of all major functional groups was observed during all experimental phases. The microbialmore » community was extremely responsive to ethanol, showing a substantial change in community structure with increased gene number and diversity after ethanol injections resumed. While gene numbers showed considerable variations, the relative abundance (i.e. percentage of each gene category) of most gene groups changed little. During the reoxidation period, U(VI) increased, suggesting reoxidation of reduced U(IV). However, when introduction of DO was stopped, U(VI) reduction resumed and returned to pre-reoxidation levels. These findings suggest that the community in this system can be stimulated and that the ability to reduce U(VI) can be maintained by the addition of electron donors. This biostimulation approach may potentially offer an effective means for the bioremediation of U(VI)-contaminated sites.« less

Use of a Ferrous Sulfate - Sodium Dithionite Blend to Treat a Dissolved Phase Cr(VI) Plume

EPA Science Inventory

A field study was conducted to evaluate the use of a combination of sodium dithionite and ferrous sulfate in creating an in situ redox zone for treatment of a dissolved phase Cr(VI) plume at a former industrial site. The reductant blend was injected into the path of a dissolved ...

The Effects of Targeted Deliveries of Lovastatin and Tocotrienol on Ossification-Related Gene Expressions in Fracture Healing in an Osteoporosis Rat Model

PubMed Central

Ibrahim, Nurul ‘Izzah; Mohamed, Norazlina; Soelaiman, Ima Nirwana; Shuid, Ahmad Nazrun

2015-01-01

Osteoporotic drugs are used to prevent fragility fractures, but their role in fracture healing still remains unknown. Thus, alternative agents with suitable mode of delivery are needed to promote fracture healing. This study was performed to investigate the effects of direct deliveries of lovastatin and tocotrienol to fracture sites on ossification-related gene expression in fracture healing in a postmenopausal osteoporosis model. Forty-eight Sprague Dawley female rats were divided into six groups. Group I comprised the sham-operated rats, while Groups II–VI were ovariectomized rats. After 8 weeks, the right tibiae of all rats were fractured and stabilized. Group I and Group II were given two single injections of lovastatin and tocotrienol carriers. Group III was given an estrogen preparation at 64.5 µg/kg daily via oral gavages. Group IV was injected with lovastatin particles (750 µg/kg), while Group V was injected with tocotrienol particles (60 mg/kg). Group VI received two single injections of 750 µg/kg lovastatin particles and 60 mg/kg tocotrienol particles. After 4 weeks, the gene expressions were measured. Group VI showed significantly higher gene expressions of osteocalcin, BMP-2, VEGF-α, and RUNX-2 compared to Group II. In conclusion, combined treatment of lovastatin and tocotrienol upregulated the expression of genes related to fracture healing. PMID:26501302

The Effects of Targeted Deliveries of Lovastatin and Tocotrienol on Ossification-Related Gene Expressions in Fracture Healing in an Osteoporosis Rat Model.

PubMed

Ibrahim, Nurul 'Izzah; Mohamed, Norazlina; Soelaiman, Ima Nirwana; Shuid, Ahmad Nazrun

2015-10-16

Osteoporotic drugs are used to prevent fragility fractures, but their role in fracture healing still remains unknown. Thus, alternative agents with suitable mode of delivery are needed to promote fracture healing. This study was performed to investigate the effects of direct deliveries of lovastatin and tocotrienol to fracture sites on ossification-related gene expression in fracture healing in a postmenopausal osteoporosis model. Forty-eight Sprague Dawley female rats were divided into six groups. Group I comprised the sham-operated rats, while Groups II-VI were ovariectomized rats. After 8 weeks, the right tibiae of all rats were fractured and stabilized. Group I and Group II were given two single injections of lovastatin and tocotrienol carriers. Group III was given an estrogen preparation at 64.5 µg/kg daily via oral gavages. Group IV was injected with lovastatin particles (750 µg/kg), while Group V was injected with tocotrienol particles (60 mg/kg). Group VI received two single injections of 750 µg/kg lovastatin particles and 60 mg/kg tocotrienol particles. After 4 weeks, the gene expressions were measured. Group VI showed significantly higher gene expressions of osteocalcin, BMP-2, VEGF-α, and RUNX-2 compared to Group II. In conclusion, combined treatment of lovastatin and tocotrienol upregulated the expression of genes related to fracture healing.

Exact representation of the asymptotic drift speed and diffusion matrix for a class of velocity-jump processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mascia, Corrado

2016-01-01

This paper examines a class of linear hyperbolic systems which generalizes the Goldstein-Kac model to an arbitrary finite number of speeds vi with transition rates μij. Under the basic assumptions that the transition matrix is symmetric and irreducible, and the differences vi -vj generate all the space, the system exhibits a large-time behavior described by a parabolic advection-diffusion equation. The main contribution is to determine explicit formulas for the asymptotic drift speed and diffusion matrix in term of the kinetic parameters vi and μij, establishing a complete connection between microscopic and macroscopic coefficients. It is shown that the drift speed is the arithmetic mean of the velocities vi. The diffusion matrix has a more complicate representation, based on the graph with vertices the velocities vi and arcs weighted by the transition rates μij. The approach is based on an exhaustive analysis of the dispersion relation and on the application of a variant of the Kirchoff's matrix tree Theorem from graph theory.

Pilot Study to Evaluate Hydrogen Injection for Stimulating Reduction and Immobilization of Uranium in Groundwater at an ISR Mining Site

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clapp, L. W.; Cabezas, J.; Gamboa, Y.; Fernandez, W.

2011-12-01

State and federal regulations require that groundwater at in-situ recovery (ISR) uranium mining operations be restored to pre-mining conditions. Reverse osmosis (RO) filtration of several pore volumes of the post-leached groundwater and reinjection of the clean permeate is the most common technology currently used for restoring groundwater at uranium ISR sites. However, this approach does not revert the formation back to its initial reducing conditions, which can potentially impede timely groundwater restoration. In-situ biostimulation of indigenous iron- and sulfate reducing bacteria by injection of organic electron donors (e.g., ethanol, acetate, and lactate) to promote soluble uranium reduction and immobilization has been the subject of previous studies. However, injection of organic substrates has been observed to cause aquifer clogging near the injection point. In addition, U(VI) solubility may be enhanced through complexation with carbonate generated by organic carbon oxidation. An alternative approach that may overcome these problems involves the use of hydrogen as a reductant to promote microbial reduction and immobilization of U(VI) in situ. To test this approach, approximately 100,000 scf of compressed hydrogen gas was injected into a leached unconsolidated sand zone over two months at an ISR mining site. During this time groundwater was recirculated between injection and extraction wells (separated by 130 ft) at a rate of about 40 gpm and bromide was coinjected as a conservative tracer. A well monitoring program has been executed since June 2009 to evaluate the performance of the hydrogen injection. Current results show that U(VI) has been reduced from 4.2 to 0.05 ppm in the area surrounding the injection well and to 2.0 ± 0.3 ppm in the area surrounding the extraction well and two intermediate monitoring wells. Other water quality changes near the injection well include significant decreases in concentrations of Mo, sulfate, Fe, Mn, bicarbonate, Ca, and Eh, and increases in pH, methane, and sulfide. No significant rebound of soluble uranium concentrations was observed, but significant rebounds in molybdenum and sulfate have been observed. Ongoing studies are evaluating the effective zone of influence of the hydrogen injection.

Determination of hexavalent chromium in industrial hygiene samples using ultrasonic extraction and flow injection analysis.

PubMed

Wang, J; Ashley, K; Kennedy, E R; Neumeister, C

1997-11-01

A simple, fast, and sensitive method was developed for the determination of hexavalent chromium (CrVI) in workplace samples. Ultrasonic extraction in alkaline solutions with 0.05 M (NH4)2SO4-0.05 M NH3 provided good extraction efficiency of CrVI from the sample and allowed the retention of CrVI on an ion-exchange resin (95%). The CrVI in the sample solution was then separated as an anion from trivalent chromium [CrIII] and other cations by elution from the anion-exchange resin with 0.5 M (NH4)2SO4 in 0.1 M NH3 (pH 8) buffer solution. The eluate was then acidified with hydrochloric acid and complexed with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide reagent prior to flow injection analysis. By analyzing samples with and without oxidation of CrIII to CrVI using CeIV, the method can measure CrVI and total Cr. For optimizing the separation and determination procedure, preliminary trials conducted with two certified reference materials (CRMs 013-050 and NIST 1633a) and three spiked samples (ammonia buffer solution, cellulose ester filters and acid washed sand) indicated that the recovery of CrVI was quantitative (> 90%) with this method. The limit of detection for FIA-UV/VIS determination of the Cr-diphenylcarbazone complex was in the sub-nanogram range (0.11 ng). The technique was also applied successfully to a workplace coal fly ash sample that was collected from a power plant and paint chips that were collected from a heating gas pipe and a university building. The principal advantages of this method are its simplicity, sensitivity, speed and potential portability for field analysis.

Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas stutzeri strain RCH2 isolated from a Hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)] contaminated site

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chakraborty, Romy; Woo, Hannah; Dehal, Paramvir

Hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)] is a widespread contaminant found in soil, sediment, and ground water in several DOE sites, including Hanford 100 H area. In order to stimulate microbially mediated reduction of Cr(VI) at this site, a poly-lactate hydrogen release compound was injected into the chromium contaminated aquifer. The targeted enrichment of dominant nitrate-reducing bacteria post injection resulted in the isolation of Pseudomonas stutzeri strain RCH2. P. stutzeri strain RCH2 was isolated using acetate as the electron donor and is a complete denitrifier. Experiments with anaerobic washed cell suspension of strain RCH2 revealed it could reduce Cr(VI) and Fe(III). We sequencedmore » the genome of strain RCH2 using a combination of Illumina and 454 sequencing technologies and contained a circular chromosome of 4.6 Mb and three plasmids. Furthermore, global genome comparisons of strain RCH2 with six other fully sequenced P. stutzeri strains revealed most genomic regions are conserved, however strain RCH2 has an additional 244 genes, some of which are involved in chemotaxis, Flp pilus biogenesis and pyruvate/2-oxogluturate complex formation.« less

Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas stutzeri strain RCH2 isolated from a Hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)] contaminated site

DOE PAGES

Chakraborty, Romy; Woo, Hannah; Dehal, Paramvir; ...

2017-02-08

Hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)] is a widespread contaminant found in soil, sediment, and ground water in several DOE sites, including Hanford 100 H area. In order to stimulate microbially mediated reduction of Cr(VI) at this site, a poly-lactate hydrogen release compound was injected into the chromium contaminated aquifer. The targeted enrichment of dominant nitrate-reducing bacteria post injection resulted in the isolation of Pseudomonas stutzeri strain RCH2. P. stutzeri strain RCH2 was isolated using acetate as the electron donor and is a complete denitrifier. Experiments with anaerobic washed cell suspension of strain RCH2 revealed it could reduce Cr(VI) and Fe(III). We sequencedmore » the genome of strain RCH2 using a combination of Illumina and 454 sequencing technologies and contained a circular chromosome of 4.6 Mb and three plasmids. Furthermore, global genome comparisons of strain RCH2 with six other fully sequenced P. stutzeri strains revealed most genomic regions are conserved, however strain RCH2 has an additional 244 genes, some of which are involved in chemotaxis, Flp pilus biogenesis and pyruvate/2-oxogluturate complex formation.« less

Class I Underground Injection Control Program: Study of the Risks Associated with Class I Underground Injection Wells

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The document provides describes the current Class I UIC program, the history of Class I injection, and studies of human health risks associated with Class I injection wells, which were conducted for past regulatory efforts and policy documentation.

RESULTS FROM RECENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INVESTIGATIONS TARGETING CHROMIUM IN THE 100D AREA HANFORD SITE WASHINGTON USA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

PETERSEN SW; THOMPSON KM; TONKIN MJ

2009-12-03

Sodium dichromate was used in Hanford's 100D Area during the reactor operations period of 1950 to 1964 to retard corrosion in the reactor cooling systems. Some of the sodium dichromate was released to the environment by spills and/or leaks from pipelines used to deliver the chemical to water treatment plants in the area. As a result, hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] has migrated through the vadose zone to the groundwater and contaminated nearly 1 km{sup 2} of groundwater to above the drinking water standard of 48 {micro}g/L. Three technology tests have recently been completed in this area to characterize the source areamore » of the plumes and evaluate alternative methods to remove Cr(VI) from groundwater. These are (1) refine the source area of the southern plume; (2) test electrocoagulation as an alternative groundwater treatment technology; and (3) test the ability to repair a permeable reactive barrier by injecting micron or nanometer-size zero-valent iron (ZVI). The projects were funded by the US Department of Energy as part of a program to interject new technologies and accelerate active cleanup. Groundwater monitoring over the past 10 years has shown that Cr(VI) concentrations in the southern plume have not significantly diminished, strongly indicating a continuing source. Eleven groundwater wells were installed in 2007 and 2008 near a suspected source area and monitored for Cr(VI) and groundwater levels. Interpretation of these data has led to refinement of the source area location to an area of less than 1 hectare (ha, 2.5 acres). Vadose zone soil samples collected during drilling did not discover significant concentrations of Cr(VI), indicating the source is localized, with a narrow wetted path from the surface to the water table. Electrocoagulation was evaluated through a pilot-scale treatability test. Over 8 million liters of groundwater were treated to Cr(VI) concentrations of {le}20 {micro}g/L. The test determined that this technology has the potential to treat Cr(VI) to these low levels, but system reliability and operational complexity rendered electrocoagulation less cost effective than the baseline technology of ion exchange. Laboratory and field tests were conducted to evaluate the practicality of injecting ZVI into the aquifer to increase the lifespan and effectiveness of an existing permeable reactive barrier. From a database of 30 ZVI materials, 6 were chosen and tested in the laboratory to determine their geochemical and physical performance under simulated 100D aquifer conditions. The best-performing ZVI was injected into the aquifer and met the primary goals of communicating the iron at least 7 meters from the injection point and reducing the aquifer to transform mobile Cr(VI) to trivalent chromium Cr(III), which is effectively immobile in the aquifer.« less

Antigenotoxic and Apoptotic Activity of Green Tea Polyphenol Extracts on Hexavalent Chromium-Induced DNA Damage in Peripheral Blood of CD-1 Mice: Analysis with Differential Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide Staining

PubMed Central

García-Rodríguez, María del Carmen; Carvente-Juárez, Megumi Monserrat; Altamirano-Lozano, Mario Agustín

2013-01-01

This study was conducted to investigate the modulating effects of green tea polyphenols on genotoxic damage and apoptotic activity induced by hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] in CD-1 mice. Animals were divided into the following groups: (i) injected with vehicle; (ii) treated with green tea polyphenols (30 mg/kg) via gavage; (iii) injected with CrO3 (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally; (iv) treated with green tea polyphenols in addition to CrO3. Genotoxic damage was evaluated by examining micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCEs) obtained from peripheral blood at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. Induction of apoptosis and cell viability were assessed by differential acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. Treatment of green tea polyphenols led to no significant changes in the MN-PCEs. However, CrO3 treatment significantly increased MN-PCEs at 24 and 48 h after injection. Green tea polyphenols treatment prior to CrO3 injection led to a decrease in MN-PCEs compared to the group treated with CrO3 only. The average of apoptotic cells was increased at 48 h after treatment compared to control mice, suggesting that apoptosis could contribute to eliminate the DNA damaged cells induced by Cr (VI). Our findings support the proposed protective effects of green tea polyphenols against the genotoxic damage induced by Cr (VI). PMID:24363823

IN SITU SOURCE TREATMENT OF CR(VI) USING A FE(II)-BASED REDUCTANT BLEND: LONG-TERM MONITORING AND EVALUATION

EPA Science Inventory

The long-term effectiveness of a FeSO4 + Na2S2O4 reductant solution blend for in situ saturated zone treatment of dissolved and solid phase Cr(VI) in a high pH chromite ore processing solid waste (COPSW) fill material was investigated. Two field pilot injection studies were cond...

Distance Learning as a Training and Education Tool.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hosley, David L.; Randolph, Sherry L.

Lockheed Space Operations Company's Technical Training Department provides certification classes to personnel at other National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Centers. Courses are delivered over the Kennedy Space Center's Video Teleconferencing System (ViTS). The ViTS system uses two-way compressed video and two-way audio between…

LabVIEW Task Manager v. 1.10.0

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vargo, Timothy D.

LabVIEW Task Manager is a debugging tool for use during code development in the National Instruments (NI) LabVIEW® IDE. While providing a dynamic & big-picture view of running code, an expandable/collapsible tree diagram displays detailed information (both static and dynamic) on all VIs in memory, belonging to a selected project/target. It allows for interacting with single or multiple selected VIs at a time, providing significant benefits while troubleshooting, and has the following features: Look & Feel similar to Windows® Task Manager; Selection of project/target; Lists all VIs in memory, grouped by class/library; Searches for and enumerates clones in memory; DropInmore » VI for including dynamically referenced clones (Clone Beacon); 'Refresh Now' (F5) re-reads all VIs in memory and adds new ones to the tree; Displays VI name, owning class/library, state, path, data size & code size; Displays VI FP Behavior, Reentrant?, Reentrancy Type, Paused? & Highlight?; Sort by any column, including by library name; Filter by item types vi, ctl, and vit/ctt; Filter out vi.lib and global VIs; Tracking of, and ability to toggle, execution highlighting on multiple selected VIs; Tracking of paused VIs with ability to Pause/Resume/TogglePause multiple selected VIs; DropIn VI for pausing on a condition; If a clone initiates a pause, a different pause symbol is used for all clones of that same reentrant original VI; Select multiple VIs and open or close their FPs or BDs; Double Click a VI from the tree to bring the BD (first choice) or FP to front, if already open; and Select multiple top-level VIs and Abort them.« less

Independent Review of the Defense Logistics Agencys Roles and Missions

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

remaining wholesale consumables missions of tires, packaged petroleum, oils , and lubricants, and gases and cylinders were transferred from the...housekeeping supplies and equipment. Class III: Petroleum, oils , and lubricants. Class IV: Construction materials. Class V: Ammunition. Class VI...own appropriated funds that are deposited 9 The Construction and Equipment program within DLA Troop Support provides some Class VII non- weapons

Adsorption and Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium on the Surface of Vivianite at Acidic Environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

HA, S.; Hyun, S. P.; Lee, W.

2016-12-01

Due to the rapid increase of chemical use in industrial activities, acid spills have frequently occurred in Korea. The acid spill causes soil and water acidification and additional problems such as heavy metal leaching from the soil. Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is relatively mobile in the environment and toxic and mutagenic. Monoclinic octa-hydrated ferrous phosphate, vivianite, is one of commonly found iron-bearing soil minerals occurring in phosphorous-enriched reducing environments. We have investigated reductive sorption of Cr(VI) on the vivianite surfaces using batch experimental tests under diverse groundwater conditions. Cr(VI) (5 mg/L) was added in 6.5 g/L vivianite suspension buffered at pH 5, 7, and 9, using 0.05 M HEPES or tris buffer solution, to check the effect of pH on the reductive sorption of Cr(VI) on the vivianite surface. The aqueous Cr(VI) removal was fastest at pH 5, followed by pH 7, and pH 9. The effect of ionic strength on the removal kinetics of Cr(VI) was negligible. It could be subsequently removed via sorption and reduction on the surface of vivianite of which reactive chemical species could be aqueous Fe(II), iron oxides, and metavivianite. Adsorption test was conducted using the same amount of Cr(III) to check the selectivity of chromium species on the vivianite surface for the reductive adsorption. Through Cr extraction test, amount of strong-bound Cr to vivianite is similar for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) injection but amount of weak-bound Cr is bigger for Cr(VI) injection. Reaction mechanism for the sorption and reductive transformation of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) species at reactive sites of vivianite surface are discussed based on surface complexation modeling and K-edge Fe X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) results. Since vivianite is reacted with Cr(VI), two smooth peaks of absorption edge changed to one sharp peak. Pre-edge that contains 1s-3d transition information tends to show high peak when reaction time is increased and pH is low. This fact indicated that the Fe(II) is oxidized to Fe(III) at the surface of viviante and this phenomena is optimized at pH 5 and longer elapsed time.

A new approach for computing a flood vulnerability index using cluster analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fernandez, Paulo; Mourato, Sandra; Moreira, Madalena; Pereira, Luísa

2016-08-01

A Flood Vulnerability Index (FloodVI) was developed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a new aggregation method based on Cluster Analysis (CA). PCA simplifies a large number of variables into a few uncorrelated factors representing the social, economic, physical and environmental dimensions of vulnerability. CA groups areas that have the same characteristics in terms of vulnerability into vulnerability classes. The grouping of the areas determines their classification contrary to other aggregation methods in which the areas' classification determines their grouping. While other aggregation methods distribute the areas into classes, in an artificial manner, by imposing a certain probability for an area to belong to a certain class, as determined by the assumption that the aggregation measure used is normally distributed, CA does not constrain the distribution of the areas by the classes. FloodVI was designed at the neighbourhood level and was applied to the Portuguese municipality of Vila Nova de Gaia where several flood events have taken place in the recent past. The FloodVI sensitivity was assessed using three different aggregation methods: the sum of component scores, the first component score and the weighted sum of component scores. The results highlight the sensitivity of the FloodVI to different aggregation methods. Both sum of component scores and weighted sum of component scores have shown similar results. The first component score aggregation method classifies almost all areas as having medium vulnerability and finally the results obtained using the CA show a distinct differentiation of the vulnerability where hot spots can be clearly identified. The information provided by records of previous flood events corroborate the results obtained with CA, because the inundated areas with greater damages are those that are identified as high and very high vulnerability areas by CA. This supports the fact that CA provides a reliable FloodVI.

Rapid determination of chromium(VI) in electroplating waste water by use of a spectrophotometric flow injection system.

PubMed

Yuan, Dong; Fu, Dayou; Wang, Rong; Yuan, Jigang

2008-11-01

A new rapid and sensitive FI method is reported for spectrophotometric determination of trace chromium(VI) in electroplating waste water. The method is based on the reaction of Cr(VI) with sodium diphenylamine sulfonate (DPH) in acidic medium to form a purple complex (lambda(max) = 550 nm). Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve is linear in the range 0.04-3.8 microg ml(-1) at a sampling rate of 30 h(-1). The detection limit of the method is 0.0217 microg ml(-1), and the relative standard deviation is 1.1% for eight determinations of 2 microg ml(-1) Cr(VI). The proposed method was applied to the determination of chromium in electroplating waste water with satisfactory results.

In-situ evidence for uranium immobilization and remobilization

USGS Publications Warehouse

Senko, John M.; Istok, Jonathan D.; Suflita, Joseph M.; Krumholz, Lee R.

2002-01-01

The in-situ microbial reduction and immobilization of uranium was assessed as a means of preventing the migration of this element in the terrestrial subsurface. Uranium immobilization (putatively identified as reduction) and microbial respiratory activities were evaluated in the presence of exogenous electron donors and acceptors with field push−pull tests using wells installed in an anoxic aquifer contaminated with landfill leachate. Uranium(VI) amended at 1.5 μM was reduced to less than 1 nM in groundwater in less than 8 d during all field experiments. Amendments of 0.5 mM sulfate or 5 mM nitrate slowed U(VI) immobilization and allowed for the recovery of 10% and 54% of the injected element, respectively, as compared to 4% in the unamended treatment. Laboratory incubations confirmed the field tests and showed that the majority of the U(VI) immobilized was due to microbial reduction. In these tests, nitrate treatment (7.5 mM) inhibited U(VI) reduction, and nitrite was transiently produced. Further push−pull tests were performed in which either 1 or 5 mM nitrate was added with 1.0 μM U(VI) to sediments that already contained immobilized uranium. After an initial loss of the amendments, the concentration of soluble U(VI) increased and eventually exceeded the injected concentration, indicating that previously immobilized uranium was remobilized as nitrate was reduced. Laboratory experiments using heat-inactivated sediment slurries suggested that the intermediates of dissimilatory nitrate reduction (denitrification or dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia), nitrite, nitrous oxide, and nitric oxide were all capable of oxidizing and mobilizing U(IV). These findings indicate that in-situ subsurface U(VI) immobilization can be expected to take place under anaerobic conditions, but the permanence of the approach can be impaired by disimilatory nitrate reduction intermediates that can mobilize previously reduced uranium.

Evidence Based Bullying Prevention in Turkey: Implementation of the ViSC Social Competence Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dogan, Aysun; Keser, Eda; Sen, Zeynep; Yanagida, Takuya; Gradinger, Petra; Strohmeier, Dagmar

2017-01-01

The ViSC program is the first evidence based anti-bullying program implemented in Turkey. A quasi-experimental longitudinal control group design comprising six schools and 26 classes was realized to examine the program effectiveness regarding different forms of perpetration and victimization. The effectiveness of two dosages of…

Remote sensing-based characterization of land management and biophysical factors in grassland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramspott, Matthew E.

Land use and management are important factors influencing ecosystem functions, including the cycling of carbon (C) in plant/soil systems. Information about land use and management, needed to prioritize conservation efforts in managed grasslands of the Central Great Plains, can be obtained using remote sensing techniques, but this process is complex in grasslands because of the subtle class differences, large within-class variability, and complex seasonal changes in canopy spectral characteristics. In this study, time-series of remotely sensed data were used to derive vegetation index (VI) and image texture measures. The utility of these measures for classification of five managed grassland types was assessed using ANOVA and stepwise discriminant analysis methods. Image texture was found to improve the accuracy of classification by ˜13% over the use of VI alone. The optimal timing of data acquisition for classification with VI was found to be in April/May and in October; optimal timing for acquisition of texture was in June. Remotely sensed VI have been commonly used to model photosynthetic capacity and net primary production in ecosystems. Since VI theoretically assume canopy conditions of uniform geometry and greenness, seasonally variable management-induced changes in the grassland canopy can potentially influence the VI response and therefore the strength and stability of the model. This study examined the seasonal and inter-annual stability of the relationship between VI and photosynthetic capacity under both idealized and realized conditions. With regression analysis, the relationship between VI and field-measured estimates of photosynthetic capacity was established and evaluated. This work identified two types of management activity strongly influencing the stability of this relationship: (1) Conservation management, in which the vegetation is neither hayed nor grazed, results in accumulation of senescent canopy material and leads to lower than expected VI response; (2) Heavy grazing management leads to elevated levels of forb (non-grass species) cover in the canopy coupled with low photosynthetic capacity and high levels of bare ground, resulting in higher than expected VI response. When sites exhibiting these characteristics were removed, the relationship between VI and photosynthetic capacity was found to be stable seasonally and between years.

9 CFR 113.454 - Clostridium Perfringens Type C Antitoxin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... sickness or death in injected mice. (iii) L + dose. The smallest quantity of toxin which can be mixed with one unit of Standard Antitoxin and cause death in at least 80 percent of injected mice. (iv) Standard... of mice can be made. (vi) Five Swiss white mice, each weighing 16-20 grams, shall be used for each...

Technical Path Evaluation for High Efficiency, Low Emission Natural Gas Engine

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-05-01

Modeling and Mitigation for Large Bore Natural Gas Engines C. Evaluation of Technologies for Achieving High BMEP Levels in Natural Gas Engines D. Microfine ...Natural Gas Engines C. Evaluation of Technologies for Achieving High BMEP Levels in Natural Gas Engines D. Microfine Water Spray Injection for Knock...91 vi D. MICROFINE WATER SPRAY INJECTION FOR

40 CFR 82.24 - Recordkeeping and reporting requirements for class II controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... kilograms) of production of each class II controlled substance used in processes resulting in their...) The quantity (in kilograms) of production of each class II controlled substance used in processes... processes resulting in their transformation or eventual destruction; (vi) A list of the quantities and names...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, H.B.; Wexler, J.P.; Scharf, S.C.

The effect of two antihypertensive agents (captopril and prazosin) and of digoxin on the efficiency of Tc-99m binding to RBCs was evaluated in the rat. RBCs were labeled with Tc-99m in vivo in six groups of rats: I-normotensive controls Wistar rat (WR), II-prazosin treated WR, III-spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), IV-prazosin-treated SHR, V-digoxin-treated WR, and VI-captopril-treated WR. The percentage of intravascular Tc-99m bound to RBC (%T) and the percentage of injected dose remaining intravascular 5 min after injection (%i.v.) were determined. Mean %T was 94.2, 83.8, 94.9, 86.1, 79.7, and 93.3 for groups I-VI respectively. Mean %I.V. was 96.4, 74.6, 94.9,more » 79.0, 74.4, and 87.4 for groups I-VI respectively. The findings demonstrate a significant reduction of RBC tagging with Tc-99m in rats treated with prazosin and digoxin but not with captopril. The data suggest a potential interference by patient medication with the performance of blood-pool studies.« less

Latent classes of polydrug and polyroute use and associations with human immunodeficiency virus risk behaviours and overdose among people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.

PubMed

Meacham, Meredith C; Roesch, Scott C; Strathdee, Steffanie A; Lindsay, Suzanne; Gonzalez-Zuniga, Patricia; Gaines, Tommi L

2018-01-01

Patterns of polydrug use among people who inject drugs (PWID) may be differentially associated with overdose and unique human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk factors. Subgroups of PWID in Tijuana, Mexico, were identified based on substances used, route of administration, frequency of use and co-injection indicators. Participants were PWID residing in Tijuana age ≥18 years sampled from 2011 to 2012 who reported injecting an illicit substance in the past month (n = 735). Latent class analysis identified discrete classes of polydrug use characterised by 11 indicators of past 6 months substance use. Multinomial logistic regression examined class membership association with HIV risk behaviours, overdose and other covariates using an automated three-step procedure in mplus to account for classification error. Participants were classified into five subgroups. Two polydrug and polyroute classes were defined by use of multiple substances through several routes of administration and were primarily distinguished from each other by cocaine use (class 1: 5%) or no cocaine use (class 2: 29%). The other classes consisted primarily of injectors: cocaine, methamphetamine and heroin injection (class 3: 4%); methamphetamine and heroin injection (class 4: 10%); and heroin injection (class 5: 52%). Compared with the heroin-only injection class, memberships in the two polydrug and polyroute use classes were independently associated with both HIV injection and sexual risk behaviours. Substance use patterns among PWID in Tijuana are highly heterogeneous, and polydrug and polyroute users are a high-risk subgroup who may require more tailored prevention and treatment interventions. [Meacham MC, Roesch SC, Strathdee SA, Lindsay S, Gonzalez-Zuniga P, Gaines TL. Latent classes of polydrug and polyroute use and associations with human immunodeficiency virus risk behaviours and overdose among people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018;37:128-136]. © 2017 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.

Cellular and molecular insight into the inhibition of primary root growth of Arabidopsis induced by peptaibols, a class of linear peptide antibiotics mainly produced by Trichoderma spp.

PubMed

Shi, Wei-Ling; Chen, Xiu-Lan; Wang, Li-Xia; Gong, Zhi-Ting; Li, Shuyu; Li, Chun-Long; Xie, Bin-Bin; Zhang, Wei; Shi, Mei; Li, Chuanyou; Zhang, Yu-Zhong; Song, Xiao-Yan

2016-04-01

Trichoderma spp. are well known biocontrol agents that produce a variety of antibiotics. Peptaibols are a class of linear peptide antibiotics mainly produced by Trichoderma Alamethicin, the most studied peptaibol, is reported as toxic to plants at certain concentrations, while the mechanisms involved are unclear. We illustrated the toxic mechanisms of peptaibols by studying the growth-inhibitory effect of Trichokonin VI (TK VI), a peptaibol from Trichoderma longibrachiatum SMF2, on Arabidopsis primary roots. TK VI inhibited root growth by suppressing cell division and cell elongation, and disrupting root stem cell niche maintenance. TK VI increased auxin content and disrupted auxin response gradients in root tips. Further, we screened the Arabidopsis TK VI-resistant mutant tkr1. tkr1 harbors a point mutation in GORK, which encodes gated outwardly rectifying K(+)channel proteins. This mutation alleviated TK VI-induced suppression of K(+)efflux in roots, thereby stabilizing the auxin gradient. The tkr1 mutant also resisted the phytotoxicity of alamethicin. Our results indicate that GORK channels play a key role in peptaibol-plant interaction and that there is an inter-relationship between GORK channels and maintenance of auxin homeostasis. The cellular and molecular insight into the peptaibol-induced inhibition of plant root growth advances our understanding of Trichoderma-plant interactions. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

Polydrug Use and HIV Risk Among People Who Inject Heroin in Tijuana, Mexico: A Latent Class Analysis.

PubMed

Meacham, Meredith C; Rudolph, Abby E; Strathdee, Steffanie A; Rusch, Melanie L; Brouwer, Kimberly C; Patterson, Thomas L; Vera, Alicia; Rangel, Gudelia; Roesch, Scott C

2015-01-01

Although most people who inject drugs (PWID) in Tijuana, Mexico, primarily inject heroin, injection and non-injection use of methamphetamine and cocaine is common. We examined patterns of polydrug use among heroin injectors to inform prevention and treatment of drug use and its health and social consequences. Participants were PWID residing in Tijuana, aged ≥18 years who reported heroin injection in the past six months and were recruited through respondent-driven sampling (n = 1,025). Latent class analysis was conducted to assign individuals to classes on a probabilistic basis, using four indicators of past six-month polydrug and polyroute use: cocaine injecting, cocaine smoking or snorting, methamphetamine injecting, and methamphetamine smoking or snorting. Latent class membership was regressed onto covariates in a multinomial logistic regression. Latent class analyses testing 1, 2, 3, and 4 classes were fit, with the 3-class solution fitting best. Class 1 was defined by predominantly heroin use (50.2%, n = 515); class 2 by methamphetamine and heroin use (43.7%, n = 448), and class 3 by methamphetamine, cocaine, and heroin use (6.0%, n = 62). Bivariate and multivariate analyses indicated a group of methamphetamine and cocaine users that exhibited higher-risk sexual practices and lower heroin injecting frequency, and a group of methamphetamine users who were younger and more likely to be female. Discrete subtypes of heroin PWID were identified based on methamphetamine and cocaine use patterns. These findings have identified subtypes of heroin injectors who require more tailored interventions to reduce the health and social harms of injecting drug use.

Polydrug use and HIV risk among people who inject heroin in Tijuana, Mexico: A Latent class analysis

PubMed Central

Meacham, M.C.; Rudolph, A.E.; Strathdee, S.A.; Rusch, M.L.; Brouwer, K.C.; Patterson, T.L.; Vera, A.; Rangel, G.; Roesch, S.C.

2016-01-01

Background Although most people who inject drugs (PWID) in Tijuana, Mexico, primarily inject heroin, injection and non-injection use of methamphetamine and cocaine is common. We examined patterns of polydrug use among heroin injectors to inform prevention and treatment of drug use and its health and social consequences. Methods Participants were PWID residing in Tijuana aged ≥ 18 years who reported heroin injection in the past 6 months and were recruited through respondent driven sampling (n=1025). Latent class analysis was conducted to assign individuals to classes on a probabilistic basis, using four indicators of past 6 month polydrug and polyroute use: cocaine injecting, cocaine smoking or snorting, methamphetamine injecting, methamphetamine smoking or snorting. Latent class membership was regressed onto covariates in a multinomial logistic regression. Results Latent class analyses testing 1, 2, 3, and 4 classes were fit, with the 3-class solution fitting best. Class 1 was defined by predominantly heroin use (50.2%, n=515); class 2 by methamphetamine and heroin use (43.7%, n=448), and class 3 by methamphetamine, cocaine, and heroin use (6.0%, n=62). Bivariate and multivariate analyses indicated a group of methamphetamine and cocaine users that exhibited higher risk sexual practices and lower heroin injecting frequency, and a group of methamphetamine users who were younger and more likely to be female. Conclusions Discrete subtypes of heroin PWID were identified based on methamphetamine and cocaine use patterns. These findings have identified subtypes of heroin injectors who require more tailored interventions to reduce the health and social harms of injecting drug use. PMID:26444185

Further development of the theory and mathematical description of combined toxicity: An approach to classifying types of action of three-factorial combinations (a case study of manganese-chromium-nickel subchronic intoxication).

PubMed

Katsnelson, Boris A; Panov, Vladimir G; Minigaliyeva, Ilzira A; Varaksin, Anatoly N; Privalova, Larisa I; Slyshkina, Tatyana V; Grebenkina, Svetlana V

2015-08-06

For characterizing the three-factorial toxicity, we proposed a new health risk-oriented approach, the gist of which is a classification of effects depending on whether a binary combined toxicity's type remains virtually the same or appears to be either more or less adverse when modeled against the background of a third toxic. To explore possibilities of this approach, we used results of an experiment in which rats had been injected ip 3 times a week (up to 20 injections) with a water solution of either one of the toxics (Mn, Ni or Cr-VI salts) in a dose equivalent to 0.05 LD50, or any two of them, or all the three in the same doses, the controls receiving injections of the same volume of distilled water (4mL per rat). Judging by more than 30 indices for the organism's status, all exposures caused subchronic intoxication of mild to moderate strength. For each two-factorial exposure, we found by mathematical modeling based on the isobolograms that the binary combined subchronic toxicity either was of additive type or departed from it (predominantly toward subadditivity) depending on the effect assessed, dose, and effect level. For the three-factorial combination, different classes of effects were observed rather consistently: class A - those regarding which the third toxic's addition made the binary toxicity type more unfavorable for the organism, class B - those regarding which the result was opposite, and class C - those regarding which the type of binary combined toxicity on the background of a third toxic virtually remained the same as in its absence. We found a complicated reciprocal influence of combined metals on their retention in kidneys, liver, spleen and brain which might presumably be one of the possible mechanisms of combined toxicity, but the lack of an explicit correspondence between the above influence and the influence on toxicity effects suggests that this mechanism is not always the most important one. The relevance of the proposed classification to health risk analysis and management is briefly discussed. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Teaching Play Skills to Visually Impaired Preschool Children: Its Effect on Social Interaction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ozaydin, Latife

2015-01-01

The aim of this study is to assess the effects that teaching visually impaired (VI) preschool children play skills has on their abilities to initialize and respond to social interactions with their typically developing (TD) peers in a reverse mainstreaming preschool class. The subjects of the study were three female VI students regularly attending…

40 CFR 82.3 - Definitions for class I and class II controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... sell one (1) kilogram of class I, Group VI controlled substances from inventory produced or imported... for pre-plant uses means the privilege granted by this subpart to produce or import one (1) kilogram... substance at a destruction efficiency of 98 percent or greater, using one of the destruction technologies...

40 CFR 82.3 - Definitions for class I and class II controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... sell one (1) kilogram of class I, Group VI controlled substances from inventory produced or imported... for pre-plant uses means the privilege granted by this subpart to produce or import one (1) kilogram... substance at a destruction efficiency of 98 percent or greater, using one of the destruction technologies...

40 CFR 82.3 - Definitions for class I and class II controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... sell one (1) kilogram of class I, Group VI controlled substances from inventory produced or imported... for pre-plant uses means the privilege granted by this subpart to produce or import one (1) kilogram... substance at a destruction efficiency of 98 percent or greater, using one of the destruction technologies...

40 CFR 82.3 - Definitions for class I and class II controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... sell one (1) kilogram of class I, Group VI controlled substances from inventory produced or imported... for pre-plant uses means the privilege granted by this subpart to produce or import one (1) kilogram... substance at a destruction efficiency of 98 percent or greater, using one of the destruction technologies...

40 CFR 82.3 - Definitions for class I and class II controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... sell one (1) kilogram of class I, Group VI controlled substances from inventory produced or imported... for pre-plant uses means the privilege granted by this subpart to produce or import one (1) kilogram... substance at a destruction efficiency of 98 percent or greater, using one of the destruction technologies...

40 CFR 82.12 - Transfers of allowances for class I controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... § 82.12 Transfers of allowances for class I controlled substances. (a) Inter-company transfers. (1) Until January 1, 1996, for all class I controlled substances, except for Group VI, and until January 1... amount of the transferor's consumption allowances or production allowances, and effective January 1, 1995...

Determination of hexavalent chromium in exhaled breath condensate and environmental air among chrome plating workers.

PubMed

Goldoni, Matteo; Caglieri, Andrea; Poli, Diana; Vettori, Maria Vittoria; Corradi, Massimo; Apostoli, Pietro; Mutti, Antonio

2006-03-15

Chromium speciation has attracted attention because of the different toxicity of Cr(III), which is considered relatively non-toxic, and Cr(VI), which can cross cell membranes mainly as a chromate anion and has been classified as a class I human carcinogen. The aims of the present study were to measure soluble Cr(VI) levels in environmental samples, to develop a simple method of quantifying Cr(VI) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and to follow the kinetics of EBC Cr(VI) in chrome plating workers.Personal air samples were collected from 10 chrome platers; EBC was collected from the same workers immediately after the work shift on Tuesday and before the work shift on the following Wednesday. Environmental and EBC Cr(VI) levels were determined by means of colorimetry and electrothermal absorption atomic spectrometry, respectively.The method of detecting Cr(VI) in environmental air was based on the extraction of the Cr(VI)-diphenylcarbazide (Cr(VI)-DPC) complex in 1-butanol, whereas EBC Cr(VI) was determined using a solvent extraction of Cr(VI) as an ion pair with tetrabutylammonium ion, and subsequent direct determination of the complex (Cr(VI)-DPC) in EBC.Kinetic data showed that airborne Cr(VI) was reduced by 50% in airway lining fluid sampled at the end of exposure and that there was a further 50% reduction after about 15 h. The persistence of Cr(VI) in EBC supports the use of EBC in assessing target tissue levels of Cr(VI).

78 FR 33091 - Limitations on the Filing and Processing of Full Power and Class A Television Station...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-03

... Mandate. See Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012, Public Law 112-96, Title VI, 125 Stat. 156 (2012) (``Spectrum Act''). This action will facilitate Commission analysis of repacking...

Evaluation of the large scale computing needs of the energy research program and how to meet them. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Miller, B.

The Energy Research program may be on the verge of abdicating an important role it has traditionally played in the development and use of state-of-the-art computer systems. The lack of easy access to Class VI systems coupled to the easy availability of local, user-friendly systems is conspiring to drive many investigators away from forefront research in computational science and in the use of state-of-the-art computers for more discipline-oriented problem solving. The survey conducted under the auspices of this contract clearly demonstrates a significant suppressed demand for actual Class VI hours totaling the full capacity of one such system. The currentmore » usage is about a factor of 15 below this level. There is also a need for about 50% more capacity in the current mini/midi availability. Meeting the needs of the ER community for this level of computing power and capacity is most probably best achieved through the establishment of a central Class VI capability at some site linked through a nationwide network to the various ER laboratories and universities and interfaced with the local user-friendly systems at those remote sites.« less

40 CFR 82.24 - Recordkeeping and reporting requirements for class II controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... transformation; (v) The date on which the class II controlled substances were imported; (vi) The port of entry.... Customs entry form; (xiv) Dated records documenting the sale or transfer of class II controlled substances... source facility; (vii) The U.S. port of entry for the import, the expected date of shipment and the...

40 CFR 82.24 - Recordkeeping and reporting requirements for class II controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... transformation; (v) The date on which the class II controlled substances were imported; (vi) The port of entry.... Customs entry form; (xiv) Dated records documenting the sale or transfer of class II controlled substances... source facility; (vii) The U.S. port of entry for the import, the expected date of shipment and the...

40 CFR 144.23 - Class IV wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Class IV wells. 144.23 Section 144.23... INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM Authorization of Underground Injection by Rule § 144.23 Class IV wells. (a) Injection into existing Class IV wells is authorized for up to six months after approval or promulgation of...

40 CFR 144.23 - Class IV wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Class IV wells. 144.23 Section 144.23... INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM Authorization of Underground Injection by Rule § 144.23 Class IV wells. (a) Injection into existing Class IV wells is authorized for up to six months after approval or promulgation of...

40 CFR 144.23 - Class IV wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Class IV wells. 144.23 Section 144.23... INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM Authorization of Underground Injection by Rule § 144.23 Class IV wells. (a) Injection into existing Class IV wells is authorized for up to six months after approval or promulgation of...

Hypermixer Pylon Fuel Injection for Scramjet Combustors

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-11

menu was selected , and the fuel port boundary conditions were assigned the proper mass flow values . Adding Mach number 1.0 ethylene injection from the...45433, 2007. 8Vargaftik, N., Tables on the Thermophysical Properties of Liquids and Gases, John Wiley and Sons, 2nd ed., 1975. 9Curran, E. and Murthy, S...Total Pressure Loss Tradeoff . . . . 131 Energy Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 VI. Conclusions and Recommendations

Determination of hexavalent chromium in exhaled breath condensate and environmental air among chrome plating workers

PubMed Central

Goldoni, Matteo; Caglieri, Andrea; Poli, Diana; Vettori, Maria Vittoria; Corradi, Massimo; Apostoli, Pietro; Mutti, Antonio

2006-01-01

Chromium speciation has attracted attention because of the different toxicity of Cr(III), which is considered relatively non-toxic, and Cr(VI), which can cross cell membranes mainly as a chromate anion and has been classified as a class I human carcinogen. The aims of the present study were to measure soluble Cr(VI) levels in environmental samples, to develop a simple method of quantifying Cr(VI) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and to follow the kinetics of EBC Cr(VI) in chrome plating workers. Personal air samples were collected from 10 chrome platers; EBC was collected from the same workers immediately after the work shift on Tuesday and before the work shift on the following Wednesday. Environmental and EBC Cr(VI) levels were determined by means of colorimetry and electrothermal absorption atomic spectrometry, respectively. The method of detecting Cr(VI) in environmental air was based on the extraction of the Cr(VI)-diphenylcarbazide (Cr(VI)–DPC) complex in 1-butanol, whereas EBC Cr(VI) was determined using a solvent extraction of Cr(VI) as an ion pair with tetrabutylammonium ion, and subsequent direct determination of the complex (Cr(VI)–DPC) in EBC. Kinetic data showed that airborne Cr(VI) was reduced by 50% in airway lining fluid sampled at the end of exposure and that there was a further 50% reduction after about 15 h. The persistence of Cr(VI) in EBC supports the use of EBC in assessing target tissue levels of Cr(VI). PMID:17047732

The Vi conjugate typhoid vaccine is safe, elicits protective levels of IgG anti-Vi, and is compatible with routine infant vaccines.

PubMed

Thiem, Vu Dinh; Lin, Feng-Ying C; Canh, Do Gia; Son, Nguyen Hong; Anh, Dang Duc; Mao, Nguyen Duc; Chu, Chiayung; Hunt, Steven W; Robbins, John B; Schneerson, Rachel; Szu, Shousun C

2011-05-01

Typhoid fever remains a serious problem in developing countries. Current vaccines are licensed for individuals who are 5 years old or older. A conjugate of the capsular polysaccharide (CP) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Vi) bound to recombinant exoprotein A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Vi-rEPA) enhanced Vi immunogenicity and protected 2- to 5-year-olds in Vietnam. In this study, Vi-rEPA was evaluated for use in infants. A total of 301 full-term Vietnamese infants received Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) vaccines alone or with Vi-rEPA or Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid conjugate (Hib-TT) at 2, 4, and 6 months and Vi-rEPA or Hib-TT alone at 12 months. Infants were visited 6, 24, and 48 h after each injection to monitor adverse reactions. Maternal, cord, and infant sera were assayed for IgG anti-Vi and for IgG antibodies to Hib CP and the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis toxins at 7, 12, and 13 months. No vaccine-related serious adverse reactions occurred. In the Vi-rEPA group, the IgG anti-Vi geometric mean (GM) increased from the cord level of 0.66 to 17.4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units (EU) at 7 months, declined to 4.76 EU at 12 months, and increased to 50.1 EU 1 month after the 4th dose (95% of infants had levels of ≥ 3.5 EU, the estimated protective level). Controls had no increase of the IgG anti-Vi GM. Infants with cord anti-Vi levels of <3.5 EU responded with significantly higher IgG anti-Vi levels than those with levels of ≥ 3.5 EU. Anti-diphtheria, -tetanus, and -pertussis toxin levels were similar in all groups. Vi-rEPA was safe, induced protective anti-Vi levels, and was compatible with EPI vaccines, and it can be used in infants. High cord IgG anti-Vi levels partially suppressed infant responses to Vi-rEPA.

Field Application of 238U/235U Measurements To Detect Reoxidation and Mobilization of U(IV).

PubMed

Jemison, Noah E; Shiel, Alyssa E; Johnson, Thomas M; Lundstrom, Craig C; Long, Philip E; Williams, Kenneth H

2018-03-20

Biostimulation to induce reduction of soluble U(VI) to relatively immobile U(IV) is an effective strategy for decreasing aqueous U(VI) concentrations in contaminated groundwater systems. If oxidation of U(IV) occurs following the biostimulation phase, U(VI) concentrations increase, challenging the long-term effectiveness of this technique. However, detecting U(IV) oxidation through dissolved U concentrations alone can prove difficult in locations with few groundwater wells to track the addition of U to a mass of groundwater. We propose the 238 U/ 235 U ratio of aqueous U as an independent, reliable tracer of U(IV) remobilization via oxidation or mobilization of colloids. Reduction of U(VI) produces 238 U-enriched U(IV), whereas remobilization of solid U(IV) should not induce isotopic fractionation. The incorporation of remobilized U(IV) with a high 238 U/ 235 U ratio into the aqueous U(VI) pool produces an increase in 238 U/ 235 U of aqueous U(VI). During several injections of nitrate to induce U(IV) oxidation, 238 U/ 235 U consistently increased, suggesting 238 U/ 235 U is broadly applicable for detecting mobilization of U(IV).

An Intelligent and Interactive Simulation and Tutoring Environment for Exploring and Learning Simple Machines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Myneni, Lakshman Sundeep

Students in middle school science classes have difficulty mastering physics concepts such as energy and work, taught in the context of simple machines. Moreover, students' naive conceptions of physics often remain unchanged after completing a science class. To address this problem, I developed an intelligent tutoring system, called the Virtual Physics System (ViPS), which coaches students through problem solving with one class of simple machines, pulley systems. The tutor uses a unique cognitive based approach to teaching simple machines, and includes innovations in three areas. (1) It employs a teaching strategy that focuses on highlighting links among concepts of the domain that are essential for conceptual understanding yet are seldom learned by students. (2) Concepts are taught through a combination of effective human tutoring techniques (e.g., hinting) and simulations. (3) For each student, the system identifies which misconceptions he or she has, from a common set of student misconceptions gathered from domain experts, and tailors tutoring to match the correct line of scientific reasoning regarding the misconceptions. ViPS was implemented as a platform on which students can design and simulate pulley system experiments, integrated with a constraint-based tutor that intervenes when students make errors during problem solving to teach them and to help them. ViPS has a web-based client-server architecture, and has been implemented using Java technologies. ViPS is different from existing physics simulations and tutoring systems due to several original features. (1). It is the first system to integrate a simulation based virtual experimentation platform with an intelligent tutoring component. (2) It uses a novel approach, based on Bayesian networks, to help students construct correct pulley systems for experimental simulation. (3) It identifies student misconceptions based on a novel decision tree applied to student pretest scores, and tailors tutoring to individual students based on detected misconceptions. ViPS has been evaluated through usability and usefulness experiments with undergraduate engineering students taking their first college-level engineering physics course and undergraduate pre-service teachers taking their first college-level physics course. These experiments demonstrated that ViPS is highly usable and effective. Students using ViPS reduced their misconceptions, and students conducting virtual experiments in ViPS learned more than students who conducted experiments with physical pulley systems. Interestingly, it was also found that college students exhibited many of the same misconceptions that have been identified in middle school students.

Technology-derived storage solutions for stabilizing insulin in extreme weather conditions I: the ViViCap-1 device.

PubMed

Pfützner, Andreas; Pesach, Gidi; Nagar, Ron

2017-06-01

Injectable life-saving drugs should not be exposed to temperatures <4°C/39°F or >30°C/86°F. Frequently, weather conditions exceed these temperature thresholds in many countries. Insulin is to be kept at 4-8°C/~ 39-47°F until use and once opened, is supposed to be stable for up to 31 days at room temperature (exception: 42 days for insulin levemir). Extremely hot or cold external temperature can lead to insulin degradation in a very short time with loss of its glucose-lowering efficacy. Combined chemical and engineering solutions for heat protection are employed in ViViCap-1 for disposable insulin pens. The device works based on vacuum insulation and heat consumption by phase-change material. Laboratory studies with exposure of ViViCap-1 to hot outside conditions were performed to evaluate the device performance. ViViCap-1 keeps insulin at an internal temperature < 29°C/84.2°F for a minimum of 12 h without external power requirement, even when constantly exposed to an outside temperature of 37.8°C/100°F. Bringing the device into an ambient temperature < 26°C/78.8°F reverses the phase-change process and 'recharges' the device for further use. ViViCap-1 performed within its specifications. The small and convenient device maintains the efficacy and safety of using insulin even when carried under hot weather conditions.

Surface Charge Transfer Doping via Transition Metal Oxides for Efficient p-Type Doping of II-VI Nanostructures.

PubMed

Xia, Feifei; Shao, Zhibin; He, Yuanyuan; Wang, Rongbin; Wu, Xiaofeng; Jiang, Tianhao; Duhm, Steffen; Zhao, Jianwei; Lee, Shuit-Tong; Jie, Jiansheng

2016-11-22

Wide band gap II-VI nanostructures are important building blocks for new-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, the difficulty of realizing p-type conductivity in these materials via conventional doping methods has severely handicapped the fabrication of p-n homojunctions and complementary circuits, which are the fundamental components for high-performance devices. Herein, by using first-principles density functional theory calculations, we demonstrated a simple yet efficient way to achieve controlled p-type doping on II-VI nanostructures via surface charge transfer doping (SCTD) using high work function transition metal oxides such as MoO 3 , WO 3 , CrO 3 , and V 2 O 5 as dopants. Our calculations revealed that these oxides were capable of drawing electrons from II-VI nanostructures, leading to accumulation of positive charges (holes injection) in the II-VI nanostructures. As a result, Fermi levels of the II-VI nanostructures were shifted toward the valence band regions after surface modifications, along with the large enhancement of work functions. In situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations verified the significant interfacial charge transfer between II-VI nanostructures and surface dopants. Both theoretical calculations and electrical transfer measurements on the II-VI nanostructure-based field-effect transistors clearly showed the p-type conductivity of the nanostructures after surface modifications. Strikingly, II-VI nanowires could undergo semiconductor-to-metal transition by further increasing the SCTD level. SCTD offers the possibility to create a variety of electronic and optoelectronic devices from the II-VI nanostructures via realization of complementary doping.

40 CFR 144.24 - Class V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Class V wells. 144.24 Section 144.24... INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM Authorization of Underground Injection by Rule § 144.24 Class V wells. (a) A Class V injection well is authorized by rule, subject to the conditions in § 144.84 (b) Duration of well...

40 CFR 144.24 - Class V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Class V wells. 144.24 Section 144.24... INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM Authorization of Underground Injection by Rule § 144.24 Class V wells. (a) A Class V injection well is authorized by rule, subject to the conditions in § 144.84 (b) Duration of well...

40 CFR 144.24 - Class V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Class V wells. 144.24 Section 144.24... INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM Authorization of Underground Injection by Rule § 144.24 Class V wells. (a) A Class V injection well is authorized by rule, subject to the conditions in § 144.84 (b) Duration of well...

Investigation on Microbial Dissolution of Uranium (VI) from Autunite Mineral - 13421

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sepulveda, Paola; Katsenovich, Yelena; Lagos, Leonel

2013-07-01

Precipitating autunite minerals by polyphosphate injection was identified as a feasible remediation strategy for sequestering uranium in contaminated groundwater and soil in situ at the Hanford Site. Autunite stability under vadose and saturated zone environmental conditions can help to determine the long-term effectiveness of this remediation strategy. The Arthrobacter bacteria are one of the most common groups in soils and are found in large numbers in Hanford soil as well as other subsurface environments contaminated with radionuclides. Ubiquitous in subsurface microbial communities, these bacteria can play a significant role in the dissolution of minerals and the formation of secondary minerals.more » The main objective of this investigation was to study the bacterial interactions under oxidizing conditions with uranium (VI); study the potential role of bicarbonate, which is an integral complexing ligand for U(VI) and a major ion in groundwater compositions; and present data from autunite dissolution experiments using Arthrobacter strain G968, a less U(VI)-tolerant strain. Sterile 100 mL glass mixed reactors served as the major bioreactor for initial experimentation. These autunite-containing bioreactors were injected with bacterial cells after the autunite equilibrated with the media solution amended with 0 mM, 3 mM 5 mM and 10 mM concentrations of bicarbonate. G968 Arthrobacter cells in the amount of 10{sup 6} cells/mL were injected into the reactors after 27 days, giving time for the autunite to reach steady state. Abiotic non-carbonate controls were kept without bacterial inoculation to provide a control for the biotic samples. Samples of the solution were analyzed for dissolved U(VI) by means of kinetic phosphorescence analyzer KPA-11 (Chemcheck Instruments, Richland, WA). Analysis showed that as [HCO{sub 3}{sup -}] increases, a diminishing trend on the effect of bacteria on autunite leaching is observed. Viability of cells was conducted after 24 hours of cell incubation with the appropriate uranium and bicarbonate concentration treatment. As expected, the cells started to reduce after day 41 due to the nutritional exhaustion of the media. Moreover, viable bacteria accounted for more than 94% in the presence of 10 mM bicarbonate. Experiments showed that despite differences between the G975 and the G968 bacterial strains resistance to U(VI), in the presence of bicarbonate ions they are able to dissolute uranium from autunite mineral at the same capacity. The effect of both bacterial strains on autunite dissolution is reduced as the concentration of bicarbonate increases while the increase in soluble U(VI) concentration induced by G968 and G975 is dwarfed, for larger [HCO{sub 3}{sup -}]. (authors)« less

50 CFR 680.20 - Arbitration System.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... purposes of Share Matching, Binding Arbitration, and Post Arbitration Opt-in; (2) A provision that... individual provider of information. (vi) The Market Report shall consider the following factors: (A) Current ex-vessel prices, including ex-vessel prices received for crab harvested under Class A IFQ, Class B...

50 CFR 680.20 - Arbitration System.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... purposes of Share Matching, Binding Arbitration, and Post Arbitration Opt-in; (2) A provision that... individual provider of information. (vi) The Market Report shall consider the following factors: (A) Current ex-vessel prices, including ex-vessel prices received for crab harvested under Class A IFQ, Class B...

Asymptotic dynamics of the exceptional Bianchi cosmologies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hewitt, C. G.; Horwood, J. T.; Wainwright, J.

2003-05-01

In this paper we give, for the first time, a qualitative description of the asymptotic dynamics of a class of non-tilted spatially homogeneous (SH) cosmologies, the so-called exceptional Bianchi cosmologies, which are of Bianchi type VI$_{-1/9}$. This class is of interest for two reasons. Firstly, it is generic within the class of non-tilted SH cosmologies, being of the same generality as the models of Bianchi types VIII and IX. Secondly, it is the SH limit of a generic class of spatially inhomogeneous $G_{2}$ cosmologies. Using the orthonormal frame formalism and Hubble-normalized variables, we show that the exceptional Bianchi cosmologies differ from the non-exceptional Bianchi cosmologies of type VI$_{h}$ in two significant ways. Firstly, the models exhibit an oscillatory approach to the initial singularity and hence are not asymptotically self-similar. Secondly, at late times, although the models are asymptotically self-similar, the future attractor for the vacuum-dominated models is the so-called Robinson-Trautman SH model instead of the vacuum SH plane wave models.

Lorentzian three-metrics with degenerate Ricci tensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McManus, Des J.

1995-03-01

A classification of Lorentzian three-metrics whose Ricci tensor satisfies Rij=λ1gij+λ2vivj with λ1 and λ2(≠0) constant where vivi=κ(=0 or ±1) is given. An explicit coordinate representation is given for all the metrics that admit a G4 group as their maximal isometry group. Those metrics that admit a G3 as their maximal isometry group belong to either Bianchi class VI0, or VII0, or VIII, or IX when κ ≠ 0, and to either Bianchi class III, or IV, or VI0, VIh, or VIII when κ=0. An explicit coordinate representation is given for all the inhomogeneous solutions in the case κ ≠ 0.

ViNEL: A Virtual Networking Lab for Cyber Defense Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reinicke, Bryan; Baker, Elizabeth; Toothman, Callie

2018-01-01

Professors teaching cyber security classes often face challenges when developing workshops for their students: How does one quickly and efficiently configure and deploy an operating system for a temporary learning/testing environment? Faculty teaching these classes spend countless hours installing, configuring and deploying multiple system…

Luteolin inhibits Cr(VI)-induced malignant cell transformation of human lung epithelial cells by targeting ROS mediated multiple cell signaling pathways

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pratheeshkumar, Poyil; Son, Young-Ok; Divya, Sasidharan Padmaja

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a well-known human carcinogen associated with the incidence of lung cancer. Inhibition of metal induced carcinogenesis by a dietary antioxidant is a novel approach. Luteolin, a natural dietary flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. We found that short term exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to Cr(VI) (5 μM) showed a drastic increase in ROS generation, NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione depletion, which were significantly inhibited by the treatment with luteolin in a dose dependent manner. Treatment with luteolin decreased AP-1, HIF-1α, COX-2, and iNOS promotermore » activity induced by Cr(VI) in BEAS-2B cells. In addition, luteolin protected BEAS-2B cells from malignant transformation induced by chronic Cr(VI) exposure. Moreover, luteolin also inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and VEGF in chronic Cr(VI) exposed BEAS-2B cells. Western blot analysis showed that luteolin inhibited multiple gene products linked to survival (Akt, Fak, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL), inflammation (MAPK, NF-κB, COX-2, STAT-3, iNOS, TNF-α) and angiogenesis (HIF-1α, VEGF, MMP-9) in chronic Cr(VI) exposed BEAS-2B cells. Nude mice injected with BEAS-2B cells chronically exposed to Cr(VI) in the presence of luteolin showed reduced tumor incidence compared to Cr(VI) alone treated group. Overexpression of catalase (CAT) or SOD2, eliminated Cr(VI)-induced malignant transformation. Overall, our results indicate that luteolin protects BEAS-2B cells from Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis by scavenging ROS and modulating multiple cell signaling mechanisms that are linked to ROS. Luteolin, therefore, serves as a potential chemopreventive agent against Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis. - Highlights: • Luteolin inhibited Cr(VI)-induced oxidative stress. • Luteolin inhibited chronic Cr(VI)-induced malignant transformation. • Luteolin inhibited chronic Cr(VI)-induced inflammation. • Luteolin inhibited chronic Cr(VI)-induced angiogenesis.« less

Complete Genome Sequence of Genotype VI Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated from Pigeons in Pakistan

PubMed Central

Wajid, Abdul; Rehmani, Shafqat Fatima; Sharma, Poonam; Goraichuk, Iryna V.; Dimitrov, Kiril M.

2016-01-01

Two complete genome sequences of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are described here. Virulent isolates pigeon/Pakistan/Lahore/21A/2015 and pigeon/Pakistan/Lahore/25A/2015 were obtained from racing pigeons sampled in the Pakistani province of Punjab during 2015. Phylogenetic analysis of the fusion protein genes and complete genomes classified the isolates as members of NDV class II, genotype VI. PMID:27540069

Severity of Chagasic Cardiomyopathy Is Associated With Response To A Novel Rapid Diagnostic Test For Trypanosoma cruzi TcII/V/VI.

PubMed

Bhattacharyya, Tapan; Messenger, Louisa A; Bern, Caryn; Mertens, Pascal; Gilleman, Quentin; Zeippen, Nicolas; Bremer Hinckel, Bruno C; Murphy, Niamh; Gilman, Robert H; Miles, Michael A

2018-02-09

Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease in the Americas. Outcome of infection ranges from lifelong asymptomatic status to severe disease. Understanding how history of T. cruzi lineage (TcI-TcVI) infection relates to clinical prognosis is challenging. We previously described peptide-based lineage-specific ELISA with Trypomastigote Small Surface Antigen (TSSA). A novel rapid diagnostic test (Chagas Sero K-SeT) incorporating a peptide corresponding to the TSSA-II/V/VI common epitope was developed, and validated by comparison with ELISA. Patients from Bolivia and Peru were then tested by Chagas Sero K-SeT, including individuals with varying cardiac pathology, and matched mothers and neonates. Chagas Sero K-SeT and ELISAs, with a Bolivian subset of cardiac patients, mothers and neonates, were in accord. In adult chronic infections (n = 121), comparison of severity class A (no evidence of Chagas cardiomyopathy) against classes B (ECG suggestive of Chagas cardiomyopathy) and C/D (moderate/severe Chagas cardiomyopathy) revealed statistically significant increase in Chagas Sero K-SeT reactivity with increasing severity (Chi Square for trend 7.39; p = 0.007). In Peru, where TcII/V/VI lineages are rarely reported, Chagas Sero K SeT detected sporadic infections. We develop a novel, low-cost, point-of-care, rapid test and demonstrate that it can replace ELISA for identification of lineage-specific TSSA II/V/VI IgG. Most importantly, we show that response to the TSSA II/V/VI epitope in this RDT is associated with severity of Chagas cardiomyopathy, and thus may have prognostic value. Repeated challenge with T. cruzi infection may both exacerbate disease progression and boost the immune response to the TSSApep-II/V/VI epitope. © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Efficacy trial of Vi polysaccharide vaccine against typhoid fever in south-western China.

PubMed Central

Yang, H. H.; Wu, C. G.; Xie, G. Z.; Gu, Q. W.; Wang, B. R.; Wang, L. Y.; Wang, H. F.; Ding, Z. S.; Yang, Y.; Tan, W. S.; Wang, W. Y.; Wang, X. C.; Qin, M.; Wang, J. H.; Tang, H. A.; Jiang, X. M.; Li, Y. H.; Wang, M. L.; Zhang, S. L.; Li, G. L.

2001-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To test the efficacy of locally produced Vi vaccine over a time period of longer than one year. METHODS: A double-blinded, randomized field trial was performed in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in south-western China, using 30 micrograms doses of locally produced Vi. Enrolled subjects were 3-50 years of age, although the majority (92%) were school-aged children, who have the highest rate of typhoid fever in this setting. A total of 131,271 people were systematically allocated a single dose of 30 micrograms of Vi polysaccharide or saline placebo. The study population was followed for 19 months, with passive surveillance conducted in the Ministry of Health and the Regional Health and Anti-epidemic Centre (HAEC). Clinically suspected cases of typhoid fever were confirmed by blood culture, or by serological reaction with O-antigen (Widal tests). FINDINGS: After 19 months, there were 23 culture-confirmed cases of typhoid fever in the placebo group versus 7 cases in the Vi group (Protective efficacy (PE) = 69%; 95% CI = 28%, 87%). Most of the isolates were from school-aged children: 22 cases in the placebo group versus 6 in the Vi group (PE = 72%; 95% CI = 32%, 82%). No serious post-injection reactions were observed. The locally produced Vi polysaccharide vaccine showed levels of protective efficacy similar to those for Vi vaccine produced in industrial countries. CONCLUSION: The slightly higher dose of vaccine did not seem to alter efficacy significantly in China. PMID:11477965

40 CFR 82.12 - Transfers of allowances for class I controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) PROTECTION OF STRATOSPHERIC OZONE Production and Consumption Controls...) Until January 1, 1996, for all class I controlled substances, except for Group VI, and until January 1... amount of the transferor's consumption allowances or production allowances, and effective January 1, 1995...

40 CFR 146.61 - Applicability

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM: CRITERIA AND STANDARDS Criteria and Standards Applicable to Class I Hazardous Waste Injection Wells § 146.61 Applicability (a) This subpart establishes criteria and standards for underground injection control programs to regulate Class I hazardous waste injection wells. Unless otherwise...

Potential for the Use of Wireless Sensor Networks for Monitoring of CO2 Leakage Risks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pawar, R.; Illangasekare, T. H.; Han, Q.; Jayasumana, A.

2015-12-01

Storage of supercritical CO2 in deep saline geologic formation is under study as a means to mitigate potential global climate change from green house gas loading to the atmosphere. Leakage of CO2 from these formations poses risk to the storage permanence goal of 99% of injected CO2 remaining sequestered from the atmosphere,. Leaked CO2 that migrates into overlying groundwater aquifers may cause changes in groundwater quality that pose risks to environmental and human health. For these reasons, technologies for monitoring, measuring and accounting of injected CO2 are necessary for permitting of CO2 sequestration projects under EPA's class VI CO2 injection well regulations. While the probability of leakage related to CO2 injection is thought to be small at characterized and permitted sites, it is still very important to protect the groundwater resources and develop methods that can efficiently and accurately detect CO2 leakage. Methods that have been proposed for leakage detection include remote sensing, soil gas monitoring, geophysical techniques, pressure monitoring, vegetation stress and eddy covariance measurements. We have demonstrated the use of wireless sensor networks (WSN) for monitoring of subsurface contaminant plumes. The adaptability of this technology for leakage monitoring of CO2 through geochemical changes in the shallow subsurface is explored. For this technology to be viable, it is necessary to identify geochemical indicators such as pH or electrical conductivity that have high potential for significant change in groundwater in the event of CO2 leakage. This talk presents a conceptual approach to use WSNs for CO2 leakage monitoring. Based on our past work on the use of WSN for subsurface monitoring, some of the challenges that need to be over come for this technology to be viable for leakage detection will be discussed.

40 CFR 144.60 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM Financial Responsibility: Class I Hazardous Waste Injection Wells § 144.60... existing and new Class I Hazardous waste injection wells, except as provided otherwise in this section. ...

Multispecies reactive tracer test in an aquifer with spatially variable chemical conditions

USGS Publications Warehouse

Davis, J.A.; Kent, D.B.; Coston, J.A.; Hess, K.M.; Joye, J.L.

2000-01-01

A field investigation of multispecies reactive transport was conducted in a well‐characterized, sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The aquifer is characterized by regions of differing chemical conditions caused by the disposal of secondary sewage effluent. Ten thousand liters of groundwater with added tracers (Br, Cr(VI), and EDTA complexed with Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ni) were injected into the aquifer and distributions of the tracers were monitored for 15 months. Most of the tracers were transported more than 200 m; transport was quantified using spatial moments computed from the results of a series of synoptic samplings. Cr(VI) transport was retarded relative to Br; the retardation factor varied from 1.1 to 2.4 and was dependent on chemical conditions. At 314 days after the injection, dissolved Cr(VI) mass in the tracer cloud had decreased 85%, with the likely cause being reduction to Cr(III) in a suboxic region of the aquifer. Transport of the metal‐EDTA complexes was affected by aqueous complexation, adsorption, and dissolution‐precipitation reactions of Fe oxyhydroxide minerals in the aquifer sediments. Dissolved Pb‐EDTA complexes disappeared from the tracer cloud within 85 days, probably due to metal exchange reactions with Fe and adsorbed Zn (present prior to the injection from contamination by the sewage effluent). About 30% of the Cu‐EDTA complexes remained within the tracer cloud 314 days after injection, even though the thermodynamic stability of the Pb‐EDTA complex is greater than Cu‐EDTA. It is hypothesized that stronger adsorption of Pb2+ to the aquifer sediments causes the Pb‐EDTA complex to disassociate to a greater degree than the Cu‐EDTA complex. The mass of dissolved Zn‐EDTA increased during the first 175 days of the tracer test to 140% of the mass injected, with the increase due to desorption of sewage‐derived Zn. Dissolved Ni‐EDTA mass remained nearly constant throughout the tracer test, apparently only participating in reversible adsorption reactions. The results of the field experiment provide a chemically complex data set that can be used in the testing of reactive transport models of flow coupled with chemical reactions.

U(VI) bioreduction with emulsified vegetable oil as the electron donor--model application to a field test.

PubMed

Tang, Guoping; Watson, David B; Wu, Wei-Min; Schadt, Christopher W; Parker, Jack C; Brooks, Scott C

2013-04-02

We amended a shallow fast-flowing uranium (U) contaminated aquifer with emulsified vegetable oil (EVO) and subsequently monitored the biogeochemical responses for over a year. Using a biogeochemical model developed in a companion article (Tang et al., Environ. Sci. Technol.2013, doi: 10.1021/es304641b) based on microcosm tests, we simulated geochemical and microbial dynamics in the field test during and after the 2-h EVO injection. When the lab-determined parameters were applied in the field-scale simulation, the estimated rate coefficient for EVO hydrolysis in the field was about 1 order of magnitude greater than that in the microcosms. Model results suggested that precipitation of long-chain fatty acids, produced from EVO hydrolysis, with Ca in the aquifer created a secondary long-term electron donor source. The model predicted substantial accumulation of denitrifying and sulfate-reducing bacteria, and U(IV) precipitates. The accumulation was greatest near the injection wells and along the lateral boundaries of the treatment zone where electron donors mixed with electron acceptors in the groundwater. While electron acceptors such as sulfate were generally considered to compete with U(VI) for electrons, this work highlighted their role in providing electron acceptors for microorganisms to degrade complex substrates thereby enhancing U(VI) reduction and immobilization.

Region-specific expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor splice variants in morphine conditioned place preference in mice.

PubMed

Meng, Min; Zhao, Xinhan; Dang, Yonghui; Ma, Jingyuan; Li, Lixu; Gu, Shanzhi

2013-06-26

It is well established that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a pivotal role in brain plasticity-related processes, such as learning, memory and drug addiction. However, changes in expression of BDNF splice variants after acquisition, extinction and reinstatement of cue-elicited morphine seeking behavior have not yet been investigated. Real-time PCR was used to assess BDNF splice variants (I, II, IV and VI) in various brain regions during acquisition, extinction and reinstatement of morphine-conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice. Repeated morphine injections (10mg/kg, i.p.) increased expression of BDNF splice variants II, IV and VI in the hippocampus, caudate putamen (CPu) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Levels of BDNF splice variants decreased after extinction training and continued to decrease during reinstatement induced by a morphine priming injection (10mg/kg, i.p.). However, after reinstatement induced by exposure to 6 min of forced swimming (FS), expression of BDNF splice variants II, IV and VI was increased in the hippocampus, CPu, NAcc and prefrontal cortex (PFC). After reinstatement induced by 40 min of restraint, expression of BDNF splice variants was increased in PFC. These results show that exposure to either morphine or acute stress can induce reinstatement of drug-seeking, but expression of BDNF splice variants is differentially affected by chronic morphine and acute stress. Furthermore, BDNF splice variants II, IV and VI may play a role in learning and memory for morphine addiction in the hippocampus, CPu and NAcc. Crown Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

CHROTRAN 1.0: A mathematical and computational model for in situ heavy metal remediation in heterogeneous aquifers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hansen, Scott K.; Pandey, Sachin; Karra, Satish; Vesselinov, Velimir V.

2017-12-01

Groundwater contamination by heavy metals is a critical environmental problem for which in situ remediation is frequently the only viable treatment option. For such interventions, a multi-dimensional reactive transport model of relevant biogeochemical processes is invaluable. To this end, we developed a model, chrotran, for in situ treatment, which includes full dynamics for five species: a heavy metal to be remediated, an electron donor, biomass, a nontoxic conservative bio-inhibitor, and a biocide. Direct abiotic reduction by donor-metal interaction as well as donor-driven biomass growth and bio-reduction are modeled, along with crucial processes such as donor sorption, bio-fouling, and biomass death. Our software implementation handles heterogeneous flow fields, as well as arbitrarily many chemical species and amendment injection points, and features full coupling between flow and reactive transport. We describe installation and usage and present two example simulations demonstrating its unique capabilities. One simulation suggests an unorthodox approach to remediation of Cr(VI) contamination.

40 CFR 144.80 - What is a Class V injection well?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... process; (2) In situ production of uranium or other metals; this category includes only in situ production... described in § 144.6, injection wells are classified as follows: (a) Class I. (1) Wells used by generators...) Class II. Wells which inject fluids: (1) Which are brought to the surface in connection with natural gas...

40 CFR 144.80 - What is a Class V injection well?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... process; (2) In situ production of uranium or other metals; this category includes only in situ production... described in § 144.6, injection wells are classified as follows: (a) Class I. (1) Wells used by generators...) Class II. Wells which inject fluids: (1) Which are brought to the surface in connection with natural gas...

40 CFR 144.80 - What is a Class V injection well?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... process; (2) In situ production of uranium or other metals; this category includes only in situ production... described in § 144.6, injection wells are classified as follows: (a) Class I. (1) Wells used by generators...) Class II. Wells which inject fluids: (1) Which are brought to the surface in connection with natural gas...

40 CFR 144.80 - What is a Class V injection well?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... process; (2) In situ production of uranium or other metals; this category includes only in situ production... described in § 144.6, injection wells are classified as follows: (a) Class I. (1) Wells used by generators...) Class II. Wells which inject fluids: (1) Which are brought to the surface in connection with natural gas...

78 FR 11640 - Information Collection Request Submitted to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-19

... Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer (Protocol) and Title VI of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) established limits on total U.S. production, import, and export of class I and class II... transformed, destroyed, or exported to developing countries. The Protocol also establishes limits and...

A Comparison of Naturally-Occurring and Artificially Stimulated Uranium(VI) Bioreduction in Sediment from a Field-scale Experiment in Rifle, CO

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Campbell, K. M.; Williams, K. H.; Lesher, E.; Davis, J. A.; Long, P. E.

2007-12-01

Long-term remediation of uranium (U)-contaminated groundwater poses one of the greatest challenges in the clean-up of impacted sites. One solution is to reduce dissolved U(VI) to insoluble U(IV) precipitates by stimulating indigenous metal reducing bacterial populations in situ. Contamination from a former U mine tailings repository (Rifle, CO) provides a research site to study the efficacy of biostimulated U(VI) reduction at the field scale. Several cores were drilled in June 2007 across a region of naturally-occurring U(VI) bioreduction. The cores represent a cross section of sediment that ranges from minimally reducing to highly reducing. Anaerobic sediment samples from the cores were analyzed for labile U(VI) content by carbonate extraction in anoxic conditions (pH 9.4, 14 mM NaHCO3, 2.8 mM Na2CO¬3). A subset of the same core sections were dried and oxidized by exposure to air for 2 weeks. The carbonate extraction was repeated, and the amount of U(IV) present in the anaerobic sample was calculated by difference between the anoxic and oxidized extractions. An acid extraction was also performed on the oxidized sediments to compare the carbonate extractable and the acid extractable U fractions. The highest U concentrations were found in the highly bioreduced sediment, with the majority of U present as U(IV) (66-92%). The regions of highest bioreduction also correspond to elevated concentrations of solid phase organic carbon, suggesting that natural bioreduction is stimulated by zones of increased organic carbon content. The same field site was then used for an artificially stimulated bioreduction experiment, where the indigenous bacterial community was stimulated by injecting acetate upgradient of the core collection location. Carbonate and acid extractions were performed on core samples taken after the completion of the acetate injection. This work evaluates the composition of the sediment before and after biostimulation as a way of directly comparing the extent of natural U(VI) bioreduction to acetate-stimulated bioreduction in order to facilitate the design of a more effective bioremediation strategy for this site.

Transport of chromium and selenium in a pristine sand and gravel aquifer: Role of adsorption processes

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kent, D.B.; Davis, J.A.; Anderson, L.C.D.; Rea, B.A.

1995-01-01

Field transport experiments were conducted in an oxic sand and gravel aquifer using Br (bromide ion), Cr (chromium, injected as Cr(VI)), Se (selenium, injected as Se(VI)), and other tracers. The aquifer has mildly acidic pH values and low concentrations of dissolved salts. Within analytical errors, all mobile Cr was present as Cr(VI). All mobile Se was probably present as Se(VI). Adsorption of Cr and Se onto aquifer sediments caused retardation of both tracers. Breakthrough curves for Cr and Se had extensive tails, which caused large decreases in their maximum concentrations relative to the nonreactive Br tracer after only 2.0 m of transport. A surface complexation model was applied to the results of laboratory studies of Cr(VI) adsorption on aquifer solids from the site based on adsorption onto hydrous ferric oxide. The modeling results suggested that the dominant adsorbents in the aquifer solids have lower affinities for anion adsorption than pure hydrous ferric oxide. The steep rising limbs and extensive tails observed in most of the breakthrough curves are qualitatively consistent with the equilibrium surface complexation model; however, slow rates of adsorption and desorption may have contributed to these features. Variations during transport in the concentrations of Cr, Se, and other anions competing for adsorption sites likely gave rise to variations in the extent of adsorption. Adequate description of the observed retardation of Cr and Se would require a coupled transport-adsorption model that can account for these effects. Companion experiments in the mildly reducing zone of the aquifer (Kent et al., 1994) showed a loss of Cr mass, probably resulting from reduction to Cr(III), and little retardation of mobile Cr and Se during transport; this contrast illustrates the influence of aquifer chemistry on the transport of redox-sensitive solutes.

Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever.

PubMed

Anwar, Elspeth; Goldberg, Elad; Fraser, Abigail; Acosta, Camilo J; Paul, Mical; Leibovici, Leonard

2014-01-02

Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever continue to be important causes of illness and death, particularly among children and adolescents in south-central and southeast Asia. Two typhoid vaccines are commercially available, Ty21a (oral) and Vi polysaccharide (parenteral), but neither is used routinely. Other vaccines, such as a new, modified, conjugated Vi vaccine called Vi-rEPA, are in development. To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of vaccines used to prevent typhoid fever. In June 2013, we searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and mRCT. We also searched relevant conference proceedings up to 2013 and scanned the reference lists of all included trials. Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing typhoid fever vaccines with other typhoid fever vaccines or with an inactive agent (placebo or vaccine for a different disease). Two review authors independently applied inclusion criteria and extracted data. We computed vaccine efficacy per year of follow-up and cumulative three-year efficacy, stratifying for vaccine type and dose. The outcome addressed was typhoid fever, defined as isolation of Salmonella typhi in blood. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) and efficacy (1-RR as a percentage) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In total, 18 RCTs were included in this review; 12 evaluated efficacy (Ty21a: five trials; Vi polysaccharide: six trials; Vi-rEPA: one trial), and 11 reported on adverse events. Ty21a vaccine (oral vaccine, three doses) A three-dose schedule of Ty21a vaccine prevents around one-third to one-half of typhoid cases in the first two years after vaccination (Year 1: 35%, 95% CI 8% to 54%; Year 2: 58%, 95% CI 40% to 71%; one trial, 20,543 participants; moderate quality evidence; data taken from a single trial conducted in Indonesia in the 1980s). No benefit was detected in the third year after vaccination. Four additional cluster-RCTs have been conducted, but the study authors did not adjust for clustering.Compared with placebo, this vaccine was not associated with more participants with vomiting, diarrhoea, nausea or abdominal pain (four trials, 2066 participants; moderate quality evidence) headache, or rash (two trials, 1190 participants; moderate quality evidence); however, fever (four trials, 2066 participants; moderate quality evidence) was more common in the vaccine group. Vi polysaccharide vaccine (injection, one dose) A single dose of Vi polysaccharide vaccine prevents around two-thirds of typhoid cases in the first year after vaccination (Year 1: 69%, 95% CI 63% to 74%; three trials, 99,979 participants; high quality evidence). In Year 2, the trial results were more variable, with the vaccine preventing between 45% and 69% of typhoid cases (Year 2: 59%, 95% CI 45% to 69%; four trials, 194,969 participants; moderate quality evidence). The three-year cumulative efficacy of the vaccine is around 55% (95% CI 30% to 70%; 11,384 participants, one trial; moderate quality evidence). These data are taken from a single trial in South Africa in the 1980s.Compared with placebo, this vaccine was not associated with more participants with fever (four trials, 133,038 participants; moderate quality evidence) or erythema (three trials, 132,261 participants; low quality evidence); however, swelling (three trials, 1767 participants; moderate quality evidence) and pain at the injection site (one trial, 667 participants; moderate quality evidence) were more common in the vaccine group. Vi-rEPA vaccine (two doses) Administration of two doses of the Vi-rEPA vaccine prevents between 50% and 96% of typhoid cases during the first two years after vaccination (Year 1: 94%, 95% CI 75% to 99%; Year 2: 87%, 95% CI 56% to 96%; one trial, 12,008 participants; moderate quality evidence). These data are taken from a single trial with children 2 to 5 years of age conducted in Vietnam.Compared with placebo, the first and second doses of this vaccine were not associated with increased risk of adverse events. The first dose of this vaccine was not associated with fever (2 studies, 12,209 participants; low quality evidence), erythema (two trials, 12,209 participants; moderate quality evidence) or swelling at the injection site (two trials, 12,209 participants; moderate quality evidence). The second dose of this vaccine was not associated with fever (two trials, 11,286 participants; low quality evidence), erythema (two trials, 11,286 participants; moderate quality evidence) and swelling at the injection site (two trials, 11,286 participants; moderate quality evidence). The licensed Ty21a and Vi polysaccharide vaccines are efficacious. The new and unlicensed Vi-rEPA vaccine is as efficacious and may confer longer immunity.

Dynamics of microbial community composition and function during in-situ bioremediation of a uranium-contaminated aquifer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nostrand, J.D. Van; Wu, L.; Wu, W.M.

2010-08-15

A pilot-scale system was established to examine the feasibility of in situ U(VI) immobilization at a highly contaminated aquifer (U.S. DOE Integrated Field Research Challenge site, Oak Ridge, TN). Ethanol was injected intermittently as an electron donor to stimulate microbial U(VI) reduction, and U(VI) concentrations fell to below the Environmental Protection Agency drinking water standard (0.03 mg liter{sup -1}). Microbial communities from three monitoring wells were examined during active U(VI) reduction and maintenance phases with GeoChip, a high-density, comprehensive functional gene array. The overall microbial community structure exhibited a considerable shift over the remediation phases examined. GeoChip-based analysis revealed thatmore » Fe(III)-reducing bacterial (FeRB), nitrate-reducing bacterial (NRB), and sulfate-reducing bacterial (SRB) functional populations reached their highest levels during the active U(VI) reduction phase (days 137 to 370), in which denitrification and Fe(III) and sulfate reduction occurred sequentially. A gradual decrease in these functional populations occurred when reduction reactions stabilized, suggesting that these functional populations could play an important role in both active U(VI) reduction and maintenance of the stability of reduced U(IV). These results suggest that addition of electron donors stimulated the microbial community to create biogeochemical conditions favorable to U(VI) reduction and prevent the reduced U(IV) from reoxidation and that functional FeRB, SRB, and NRB populations within this system played key roles in this process.« less

Dynamics of Microbial Community Composition and Function during In Situ Bioremediation of a Uranium-Contaminated Aquifer▿‡

PubMed Central

Van Nostrand, Joy D.; Wu, Liyou; Wu, Wei-Min; Huang, Zhijian; Gentry, Terry J.; Deng, Ye; Carley, Jack; Carroll, Sue; He, Zhili; Gu, Baohua; Luo, Jian; Criddle, Craig S.; Watson, David B.; Jardine, Philip M.; Marsh, Terence L.; Tiedje, James M.; Hazen, Terry C.; Zhou, Jizhong

2011-01-01

A pilot-scale system was established to examine the feasibility of in situ U(VI) immobilization at a highly contaminated aquifer (U.S. DOE Integrated Field Research Challenge site, Oak Ridge, TN). Ethanol was injected intermittently as an electron donor to stimulate microbial U(VI) reduction, and U(VI) concentrations fell to below the Environmental Protection Agency drinking water standard (0.03 mg liter−1). Microbial communities from three monitoring wells were examined during active U(VI) reduction and maintenance phases with GeoChip, a high-density, comprehensive functional gene array. The overall microbial community structure exhibited a considerable shift over the remediation phases examined. GeoChip-based analysis revealed that Fe(III)-reducing bacterial (FeRB), nitrate-reducing bacterial (NRB), and sulfate-reducing bacterial (SRB) functional populations reached their highest levels during the active U(VI) reduction phase (days 137 to 370), in which denitrification and Fe(III) and sulfate reduction occurred sequentially. A gradual decrease in these functional populations occurred when reduction reactions stabilized, suggesting that these functional populations could play an important role in both active U(VI) reduction and maintenance of the stability of reduced U(IV). These results suggest that addition of electron donors stimulated the microbial community to create biogeochemical conditions favorable to U(VI) reduction and prevent the reduced U(IV) from reoxidation and that functional FeRB, SRB, and NRB populations within this system played key roles in this process. PMID:21498771

Matrix isolation with an ion transfer device for interference-free simultaneous spectrophotometric determinations of hexavalent and trivalent chromium in a flow-based system.

PubMed

Ohira, Shin-Ichi; Nakamura, Koretaka; Chiba, Mitsuki; Dasgupta, Purnendu K; Toda, Kei

2017-03-01

Chromium speciation by spectrophotometric determination of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) with diphenylcarbazide (DPC) has several problems. These include: (1) the inability to directly detect trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) with DPC, (2) positive interference in Cr(VI) determination by other metal cations and (3) negative interference by any reducing agent present in the sample. These are addressed with an ion transfer device (ITD) in a flow injection analysis system. We previously developed the ITD for electrodialytic separations. Here we separate oppositely charged Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species by the ITD into two different acceptor solutions within ~5 s. The acceptor solutions consist of buffered H 2 O 2 to oxidize the Cr(III) to Cr(VI). Then DPC is added to either acceptor to measure Cr(III) and Cr(VI) spectrophotometrically. The system was optimized to provide the same response for Cr(VI) and Cr(III) with limits of detection (LODs, S/N=3) of 0.5 μg L -1 for each and a throughput rate of 30 samples h -1 . The ITD separation was also effective for matrix isolation and reduction of interferences. Potential cationic interferences were not transferred into the anionic Cr(VI) acceptor stream. Much of the organic compounds in soil extracts were also eliminated as evidenced from standard addition and recovery studies. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Characterization of U(VI) reduction in contaminated sediments with slow-degrading electron donor source

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, W.; Watson, D. B.; Zhang, G.; Mehlhorn, T.; Lowe, K.; Earles, J.; Phillips, J.; Kelly, S. D.; Boyanov, M.; Kemner, K. M.; Schadt, C.; Criddle, C. S.; Jardine, P. M.; Brooks, S. C.

2011-12-01

In order to select sustainable, high efficiency and cost effective electron donor source, oleate and emulsified vegetable oil (EVO) were tested uranium (VI) reduction in comparison with ethanol in microcosms using uranium contaminated sediments and groundwater from the US DOE Oak Ridge Integrated Field Research Challenge (ORIFRC) site. The effect of initial sulfate concentration on U(VI) reduction was also tested. Both oleate and EVO were effective electron donor sources for U(VI) reduction. Accumulation of acetate as a major product and the removal of aqueous U(VI) were observed and were associated with sulfate reduction. Both oleate and EVO supported U(VI) reduction but at slower rates with a comparable but slightly lower extent of reduction than ethanol. X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) analysis confirmed reduction of U(VI) to U(IV). The extent of U(VI) reduction in solid phase was negatively influenced by aqueous calcium concentration. The majority of electrons of the three substrates were consumed by sulfate reduction, Fe(III) reduction, and methanogenesis. Initial U(VI) concentration in the aqueous phase increased with increased sulfate concentration (1 versus 5 mM), likely due to U(VI) desorption from the solid phase. At the higher initial sulfate concentration more U(VI) was reduced and fewer electrons were used in methanogenesis. Analysis of bacterial and archeal populations using 16S rRNA gene libraries showed a significant increase in Deltaproteobacteria after biostimulation. The microbial community structures developed with oleate and EVO were significantly distinct from those developed with ethanol. Bacteria similar to Desulforegula spp. was predominant for oleate and EVO degradation but were not observed in ethanol-amended microcosms. Known U(VI)-reducing bacteria in the microcosms amended with the three electron donor sources included iron(III) reducing Geobacter spp. but in lower abundances than sulfate-reducing Desulfovibrio spp. The test results were used for the design a field test by one-time injection of EVO to the subsurface for U(VI) reduction in Area 2 of the ORIFRC site.

Biased Brownian motion mechanism for processivity and directionality of single-headed myosin-VI.

PubMed

Iwaki, Mitsuhiro; Iwane, Atsuko Hikikoshi; Ikebe, Mitsuo; Yanagida, Toshio

2008-01-01

Conventional form to function as a vesicle transporter is not a 'single molecule' but a coordinated 'two molecules'. The coordinated two molecules make it complicated to reveal its mechanism. To overcome the difficulty, we adopted a single-headed myosin-VI as a model protein. Myosin-VI is an intracellular vesicle and organelle transporter that moves along actin filaments in a direction opposite to most other known myosin classes. The myosin-VI was expected to form a dimer to move processively along actin filaments with a hand-over-hand mechanism like other myosin organelle transporters. However, wild-type myosin-VI was demonstrated to be monomer and single-headed, casting doubt on its processivity. Using single molecule techniques, we show that green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fused single-headed myosin-VI does not move processively. However, when coupled to a 200 nm polystyrene bead (comparable to an intracellular vesicle in size) at a ratio of one head per bead, single-headed myosin-VI moves processively with large (40 nm) steps. Furthermore, we found that a single-headed myosin-VI-bead complex moved more processively in a high-viscous solution (40-fold higher than water) similar to cellular environment. Because diffusion of the bead is 60-fold slower than myosin-VI heads alone in water, we propose a model in which the bead acts as a diffusional anchor for the myosin-VI, enhancing the head's rebinding following detachment and supporting processive movement of the bead-monomer complex. This investigation will help us understand how molecular motors utilize Brownian motion in cells.

Calcineurin is not involved in some mitochondrial enzyme adaptations to endurance exercise training in rat skeletal muscle.

PubMed

Terada, Shin; Nakagawa, Hisashi; Nakamura, Yoshio; Muraoka, Isao

2003-09-01

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that calcineurin, a calcium-dependent protein phosphatase recently implicated in the signaling of skeletal muscle hypertrophy and fiber type conversion, is required to induce some mitochondrial enzyme adaptations to endurance exercise training in skeletal muscle. Three- to four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with an initial body weight ranging from 45 to 55 g were used in this study. The rats were randomly assigned to groups injected with either a specific calcineurin inhibitor, cyclosporin A (CsA), (group CI) or vehicle (group VI). CsA was subcutaneously injected into the rats at a rate of 50 mg.kg(-1) body weight per day for 10 days. The CI and VI groups were further assigned to sedentary (SED) or exercise training (EX) groups. In the EX group, the rats were trained for 10 days (90 min.day(-1), approximately 14-20 m.min(-1), 10% grade). The citrate synthase (CS) activities in the soleus and plantaris muscles of the EX group rats were significantly higher than those of the SED group rats ( p<0.001). Furthermore, 3-beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (3-HAD) activities in the soleus and plantaris muscles were significantly higher in the EX group rats than in the SED group rats ( p<0.001). However, there were no significant differences in CS and 3-HAD activities between the VI and CI groups. The interactions between CsA injection and exercise training were not statistically significant in any of the parameters. These results may suggest that calcineurin is not involved in some mitochondrial enzyme adaptations to endurance exercise training.

Finalize field testing of cold climate heat pump (CCHP) based on tandem vapor injection compressors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shen, Bo; Baxter, Van D.; Abdelaziz, Omar

2017-03-01

This report describes the system diagram and control algorithm of a prototype air-source cold climate heat pump (CCHP) using tandem vapor injection (VI) compressors. The prototype was installed in Fairbanks, Alaska and underwent field testing starting in 09/2016. The field testing results of the past six months, including compressor run time fractions, measured COPs and heating capacities, etc., are presented as a function of the ambient temperature. Two lessons learned are also reported.

40 CFR 146.85 - Financial responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

....e., Financial Test and Corporate Guarantee). (vi) Escrow Account. (vii) Any other instrument(s... requirements of § 146.92); (iii) Post injection site care and site closure (that meets the requirements of...), for example trust funds, surety bonds guaranteeing payment into a trust fund, letters of credit...

40 CFR 146.85 - Financial responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

....e., Financial Test and Corporate Guarantee). (vi) Escrow Account. (vii) Any other instrument(s... requirements of § 146.92); (iii) Post injection site care and site closure (that meets the requirements of...), for example trust funds, surety bonds guaranteeing payment into a trust fund, letters of credit...

40 CFR 144.80 - What is a Class V injection well?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... minerals including: (1) Mining of sulfur by the Frasch process; (2) In situ production of uranium or other metals; this category includes only in situ production from ore bodies which have not been conventionally... Injection Wells § 144.80 What is a Class V injection well? As described in § 144.6, injection wells are...

Peripheral formalin injection induces unique spinal cord microglial phenotypic changes

PubMed Central

Fu, Kai-Yuan; Tan, Yong-Hui; Sung, Backil; Mao, Jianren

2014-01-01

Microglia are resident immune cells of brain and activated by peripheral tissue injury. In the present study, we investigated the possible induction of several microglial surface immunomolecules in the spinal cord, including leukocyte common antigen (LCA/CD45), MHC class I antigen, MHC class II antigen, Fc receptor, and CD11c following formalin injection into the rat’s hind paw. CD45 and MHC class I were upregulated in the activated microglia, which was evident on day 3 with the peak expression on day 7 following peripheral formalin injection. There was a very low basal expression of MHC class II, CD11c, and the Fc receptor, which did not change after the formalin injection. These results, for the first time, indicate that peripheral formalin injection can induce phenotypic changes of microglia with distinct upregulation of CD45 and MHC class I antigen. The data suggest that phenotypic changes of the activated microglia may be a unique pattern of central changes following peripheral tissue injury. PMID:19015000

Underground Injection Control (UIC)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Provide information on: individual injection well classes; regulations specific to each well class; technical guidance; compliance assistance; federal, state, and tribal/territory roles and responsibilities.

40 CFR 147.3200 - Fort Peck Indian Reservation: Assiniboine & Sioux Tribes-Class II wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...: Assiniboine & Sioux Tribes-Class II wells. 147.3200 Section 147.3200 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes § 147.3200 Fort Peck Indian Reservation: Assiniboine & Sioux Tribes—Class II wells. The UIC program for Class II injection wells on all lands within the...

40 CFR 147.3200 - Fort Peck Indian Reservation: Assiniboine & Sioux Tribes-Class II wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...: Assiniboine & Sioux Tribes-Class II wells. 147.3200 Section 147.3200 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes § 147.3200 Fort Peck Indian Reservation: Assiniboine & Sioux Tribes—Class II wells. The UIC program for Class II injection wells on all lands within the...

40 CFR 147.3200 - Fort Peck Indian Reservation: Assiniboine & Sioux Tribes-Class II wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...: Assiniboine & Sioux Tribes-Class II wells. 147.3200 Section 147.3200 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes § 147.3200 Fort Peck Indian Reservation: Assiniboine & Sioux Tribes—Class II wells. The UIC program for Class II injection wells on all lands within the...

Typhoid fever vaccination strategies.

PubMed

Date, Kashmira A; Bentsi-Enchill, Adwoa; Marks, Florian; Fox, Kimberley

2015-06-19

Typhoid vaccination is an important component of typhoid fever prevention and control, and is recommended for public health programmatic use in both endemic and outbreak settings. We reviewed experiences with various vaccination strategies using the currently available typhoid vaccines (injectable Vi polysaccharide vaccine [ViPS], oral Ty21a vaccine, and injectable typhoid conjugate vaccine [TCV]). We assessed the rationale, acceptability, effectiveness, impact and implementation lessons of these strategies to inform effective typhoid vaccination strategies for the future. Vaccination strategies were categorized by vaccine disease control strategy (preemptive use for endemic disease or to prevent an outbreak, and reactive use for outbreak control) and vaccine delivery strategy (community-based routine, community-based campaign and school-based). Almost all public health typhoid vaccination programs used ViPS vaccine and have been in countries of Asia, with one example in the Pacific and one experience using the Ty21a vaccine in South America. All vaccination strategies were found to be acceptable, feasible and effective in the settings evaluated; evidence of impact, where available, was strongest in endemic settings and in the short- to medium-term. Vaccination was cost-effective in high-incidence but not low-incidence settings. Experience in disaster and outbreak settings remains limited. TCVs have recently become available and none are WHO-prequalified yet; no program experience with TCVs was found in published literature. Despite the demonstrated success of several typhoid vaccination strategies, typhoid vaccines remain underused. Implementation lessons should be applied to design optimal vaccination strategies using TCVs which have several anticipated advantages, such as potential for use in infant immunization programs and longer duration of protection, over the ViPS and Ty21a vaccines for typhoid prevention and control. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Effect of perzinfotel and a proprietary phospholipase A(2) inhibitor on kinetic gait and subjective lameness scores in dogs with sodium urate-induced synovitis.

PubMed

Budsberg, Steven C; Torres, Bryan T; Zwijnenberg, Raphael J; Eppler, C Mark; Clark, James D; Cathcart, Curtis J; Reynolds, Lisa R; Al-Nadaf, Sami

2011-06-01

To investigate the ability of perzinfotel (an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist) and a proprietary phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) inhibitor to attenuate lameness in dogs with sodium urate (SU)-induced synovitis. 8 adult dogs. A blinded 4-way crossover study was performed. Dogs received perzinfotel (10 mg/kg), a proprietary PLA(2) inhibitor (10 mg/kg), carprofen (4.4 mg/kg; positive control treatment), or no treatment (negative control treatment). On the fourth day after initiation of treatment, synovitis was induced via intra-articular injection of SU 1 hour before administration of the last treatment dose. Ground reaction forces were measured and clinical lameness evaluations were performed before (baseline [time 0]) and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 25 hours after SU injection. There was a 21-day washout period between subsequent treatments. Data were analyzed via repeated-measures ANOVAs. Peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI) values for negative control and perzinfotel treatments were significantly lower at 2 and 4 hours, compared with baseline values. Values for PVF and VI for the PLA(2) inhibitor and positive control treatments did not differ from baseline values at any time points. Between-treatment comparisons revealed significantly higher PVF and VI values for the positive control treatment than for the negative control and perzinfotel treatments at 2 and 4 hours. Values for VI were higher for PLA(2) inhibitor treatment than for negative control treatment at 2 hours. Perzinfotel did not significantly alter SU-induced lameness. The proprietary PLA(2) inhibitor attenuated lameness but not as completely as did carprofen.

Characterization and design of the FutureGen 2.0 carbon storage site

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gilmore, Tyler; Bonneville, Alain; Sullivan, Charlotte

2016-10-01

The objective of the FutureGen 2.0 Project was to demonstrate, at the commercial scale, the technical feasibility of implementing carbon capture and storage (CCS) in a deep saline formation in Illinois, USA. Over approximately 5 years, the FutureGen Alliance conducted a detailed site-selection process and identified a site for carbon sequestration storage in Morgan County, Illinois. The storage site was fully characterized, including the collection of seismic data and the drilling and characterization of a stratigraphic borehole. The characterization data provided critical input for developing a site-specific conceptual model and subsequent numerical modeling simulations. The modeling simulations, coupled with themore » upstream designs of the pipeline and power plant supported the development of a detailed 90 percent design that included the injection wells and associated control and monitoring infrastructure. Collectively, all these data were used by the FutureGen Alliance to develop the required documentation to support the applications for four underground injection control (UIC) permits (one for each proposed well). In August 2014, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued four, first-of-their-kind, Class VI UIC permits for carbon sequestration in the United States to the FutureGen Alliance. The information and data generated under this project have been made publically available through reports and publications, including this journal and others.« less

Virtual Platform for See Robustness Verification of Bootloader Embedded Software on Board Solar Orbiter's Energetic Particle Detector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Da Silva, A.; Sánchez Prieto, S.; Polo, O.; Parra Espada, P.

2013-05-01

Because of the tough robustness requirements in space software development, it is imperative to carry out verification tasks at a very early development stage to ensure that the implemented exception mechanisms work properly. All this should be done long time before the real hardware is available. But even if real hardware is available the verification of software fault tolerance mechanisms can be difficult since real faulty situations must be systematically and artificially brought about which can be imposible on real hardware. To solve this problem the Alcala Space Research Group (SRG) has developed a LEON2 virtual platform (Leon2ViP) with fault injection capabilities. This way it is posible to run the exact same target binary software as runs on the physical system in a more controlled and deterministic environment, allowing a more strict requirements verification. Leon2ViP enables unmanned and tightly focused fault injection campaigns, not possible otherwise, in order to expose and diagnose flaws in the software implementation early. Furthermore, the use of a virtual hardware-in-the-loop approach makes it possible to carry out preliminary integration tests with the spacecraft emulator or the sensors. The use of Leon2ViP has meant a signicant improvement, in both time and cost, in the development and verification processes of the Instrument Control Unit boot software on board Solar Orbiter's Energetic Particle Detector.

40 CFR 144.28 - Requirements for Class I, II, and III wells authorized by rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... proposed test or measurement to be made; (D) The amount, size, and location (by depth) of casing to be left..., internal pressure, and axial loading; (iv) Hole size; (v) Size and grade of all casing strings; and (vi... Class III wells the owner or operator shall provide to the Director a qualitative analysis and ranges in...

[Medical and ecological assessment of climate effects on urolithiasis morbidity in population of Primorsky territory].

PubMed

Koval'chuk, V K

2004-01-01

The article presents medicoecological estimation of quantitative relations between monsoon climate and urolithiasis primary morbidity in the Primorsky Territory. Quantitative estimation of the climate was performed by V. I. Rusanov (1973) who calculated daily meteorological data for 1 p.m. throughout 1991-1999. Primary urolithiasis morbidity for this period of time was provided by regional health department. The data were processed by methods of medical mapping and paired correlation analysis. In the Territory, mapping revealed the same location of the zones with high frequency of discomfortable weather of class V and VI causing chilblain in positive air temperatures and zones with elevated primary urolithiasis morbidity in children and adults. Correlation analysis confirmed mapping results and determined significant negative correlations between frequency of relatively comfortable moment weather classes II-IV and morbidity of children and adults, positive correlation between frequency of discomfortable class VI and adult morbidity. Thus, high frequency of days per year with discomfortable classes of moment weather in low positive air temperatures may be one of the factors of urolithiasis risk in population of the Primorsky Territory. Climatic factors should be taken into consideration in planning primary prophylaxis of this disease in the Primorsky Territory.

Toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic descriptors of combined chromium (VI) and nickel toxicity.

PubMed

Minigaliyeva, Ilzira A; Katsnelson, Boris A; Privalova, Larisa I; Gurvich, Vladimir B; Panov, Vladimir G; Varaksin, Anatoly N; Makeyev, Oleg H; Sutunkova, Marina P; Loginova, Nadezhda V; Kireyeva, Ekaterina P; Grigoryeva, Ekaterina V; Slyshkina, Tatyana V; Ganebnykh, Eugenia V; Grebenkina, Svetlana V

2014-01-01

After repeated intraperitoneal injections of nickel and chromium (VI) salts to rats, we found, and confirmed by mathematical modeling, that their combined subchronic toxicity can either be of additive type or depart from it (predominantly toward subadditivity) depending on the effect assessed. Against the background of moderate systemic toxicity, the combination under study proved to possess a marked additive genotoxicity assessed by means of the random amplification of polymorphic DNA test. We also demonstrated that chromium and nickel reciprocally influenced the retention of these metals in some organs (especially in the spleen) but not their urinary excretion in this study. © The Author(s) 2014.

Diverse anaerobic Cr(VI) tolerant bacteria from Cr(VI)-contaminated 100H site at Hanford

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chakraborty, R.; Phan, R.; Lam, S.; Leung, C.; Brodie, E. L.; Hazen, T. C.

2007-12-01

Hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)] is a widespread contaminant found in soil, sediment, and ground water. Cr(VI) is more soluble, toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic compared to its reduced form Cr(III). In order to stimulate microbially mediated reduction of Cr(VI), a poly-lactate compound HRC was injected into the chromium contaminated aquifers at site 100H at Hanford. Based on the results of the bacterial community composition using high-density DNA microarray analysis of 16S rRNA gene products, we recently investigated the diversity of the dominant anaerobic culturable microbial population present at this site and their role in Cr(VI) reduction. Positive enrichments set up at 30°C using specific defined anaerobic media resulted in the isolation of an iron reducing isolate strain HAF, a sulfate reducing isolate strain HBLS and a nitrate reducing isolate, strain HLN among several others. Preliminary 16S rDNA sequence analysis identifies strain HAF as Geobacter metallireducens, strain HLN as Pseudomonas stutzeri and strain HBLS as a member of Desulfovibrio species. Strain HAF isolated with acetate as the electron donor utilized propionate, glycerol and pyruvate as alternative carbon sources, and reduced metals like Mn(IV) and Cr(VI). Growth was optimal at 37°C, pH of 6.5 and 0% salinity. Strain HLN isolated with lactate as electron donor utilized acetate, glycerol and pyruvate as alternative carbon sources, and reduced metals like Mn(IV) and Cr(VI). Optimal growth was observed at 37°C, at a pH of 7.5 and 0.3% salinity. Anaerobic active washed cell suspension of strain HLN reduced almost 95 micromolar Cr(VI) within 4 hours relative to controls. Further, with 100 micromolar Cr(VI) as the sole electron acceptor, cells of strain HLN grew to cell numbers of 4.05X 107/ml over a period of 24hrs after an initial lag, demonstrating direct enzymatic Cr(VI) reduction by this species. 10mM lactate served as the sole electron donor. These results demonstrate that Cr(VI) immobilization at the Hanford 100H site could be mediated by direct microbial metabolism apart from indirect chemical reduction of Cr(VI) by end products of microbial activity.

Synthesis, properties and applications of 2D layered MIIIXVI (M = Ga, In; X = S, Se, Te) materials.

PubMed

Xu, Kai; Yin, Lei; Huang, Yun; Shifa, Tofik Ahmed; Chu, Junwei; Wang, Feng; Cheng, Ruiqing; Wang, Zhenxing; He, Jun

2016-09-29

Group III-VI compounds M III X VI (M = Ga, In; X = S, Se, Te) are one class of important 2D layered materials and are currently attracting increasing interest due to their unique electronic and optoelectronic properties and their great potential applications in various other fields. Similar to 2D layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), M III X VI also have the significant merits of ultrathin thickness, ultrahigh surface-to-volume ratio, and high compatibility with flexible devices. More impressively, in contrast with TMDCs, M III X VI demonstrate many superior properties, such as direct band gap electronic structure, high carrier mobility, rare p-type electronic behaviors, high charge density, and so on. These unique characteristics cause high-performance device applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and optics. In this review, we aim to provide a summary of the state-of-the-art of research activities in 2D layered M III X VI materials. The scope of the review covers the synthesis and properties of 2D layered M III X VI materials and their van der Waals heterostructures. We especially focus on the applications in electronics and optoelectronics. Moreover, the review concludes with some perspectives on future developments in this field.

Combined abiotic and biotic in-situ reduction of hexavalent chromium in groundwater using nZVI and whey: A remedial pilot test.

PubMed

Němeček, Jan; Pokorný, Petr; Lacinová, Lenka; Černík, Miroslav; Masopustová, Zuzana; Lhotský, Ondřej; Filipová, Alena; Cajthaml, Tomáš

2015-12-30

The paper describes a pilot remediation test combining two Cr(VI) geofixation methods - chemical reduction by nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and subsequent biotic reduction supported by whey. Combination of the methods exploited the advantages of both - a rapid decrease in Cr(VI) concentrations by nZVI, which prevented further spreading of the contamination and facilitated subsequent use of the cheaper biological method. Successive application of whey as an organic substrate to promote biotic reduction of Cr(VI) after application of nZVI resulted in a further and long-term decrease in the Cr(VI) contents in the groundwater. The effect of biotic reduction was observed even in a monitoring well located at a distance of 22 m from the substrate injection wells after 10 months. The results indicated a reciprocal effect of both the phases - nZVI oxidized to Fe(III) during the abiotic phase was microbially reduced back to Fe(II) and acted as a reducing agent for Cr(VI) even when the microbial density was already low due to the consumed substrate. Community analysis with pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA genes further confirmed partial recycling of nZVI in the form of Fe(II), where the results showed that the Cr(VI) reducing process was mediated mainly by iron-reducing and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

First characterization of immunogenic conjugates of Vi negative Salmonella Typhi O-specific polysaccharides with rEPA protein for vaccine development.

PubMed

Salman, M; St Michael, F; Ali, A; Jabbar, A; Cairns, C; Hayes, A C; Rahman, M; Iqbal, M; Haque, A; Cox, A D

2017-11-01

Efficacious typhoid vaccines for young children will significantly reduce the disease burden in developing world. The Vi polysaccharide based conjugate vaccines (Vi-rEPA) against Salmonella Typhi Vi positive strains has shown high efficacy but may be ineffective against Vi negative S. Typhi. In this study, for the first time, we report the synthesis and evaluation of polysaccharide-protein conjugates of Vi negative S. Typhi as potential vaccine candidates. Four different conjugates were synthesized using recombinant exoprotein A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (rEPA) and human serum albumin (HSA) as the carrier proteins, using either direct reductive amination or an intermediate linker molecule, adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH). Upon injection into mice, a significantly higher antibody titer was observed in mice administrated with conjugate-1 (OSP-HSA) (P=0.0001) and conjugate 2 (OSP-rEPA) (P≤0.0001) as compared to OSP alone. In contrast, the antibody titer elicited by conjugate 3 (OSP ADH -HSA) and conjugate 4 (OSP ADH -rEPA) were insignificant (P=0.1684 and P=0.3794, respectively). We conclude that reductive amination is the superior method to prepare the S. Typhi OSP glycoconjugate. Moreover, rEPA was a better carrier protein than HSA. Thus OSP-rEPA conjugate seems to be efficacious typhoid vaccines candidate, it may be evaluated further and recommended for the clinical trials. Crown Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Correlates and subgroups of injecting drug use in UK gay and bisexual men: Findings from the 2014 Gay Men's Sex Survey.

PubMed

Melendez-Torres, G J; Bourne, Adam; Hickson, Ford; Reid, David; Weatherburn, Peter

2018-04-16

Evidence to understand which gay and bisexual men (GBM) inject drugs remains scant, especially in the UK. We describe correlates of last-year injecting in UK GBM, and characterise subgroups of GBM who inject drugs by types of drugs used. Using data from the 2014 Gay Men's Sex Survey, an opportunistic internet-based survey conducted of GBM living in the UK, we examined via logistic regression correlates with any injecting of six drugs (amphetamine/speed, crystal methamphetamine, heroin, mephedrone, GHB/GBL, and ketamine) in the last year. We estimated latent class models to understand underlying subgroups of injecting drug use among GBM reporting injecting drug use in the last year. Injecting was most common in GBM who were of middle age, who were HIV seropositive, and who lived in London, and was significantly associated with sexual risk with multiple partners in the last year, whether steady or non-steady. Most GBM who engaged in injecting either injected crystal methamphetamine, mephedrone or both (class 1, chemsex, 88.6% of injectors), whereas a smaller group had a focus on opiates (class 2, opiate, 7.9%). A small but identifiable subgroup (class 3, eclectic, 3.5%) engaged in injecting across the range of drugs examined. This is the first epidemiological analysis to describe subgroups of injecting, and to describe correlates of injecting drug use, in UK GBM. Implications for design of harm reduction services include a need to focus on injecting drug use beyond opiates, currently the focus of most harm reduction services. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 144.22 - Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... and hydrocarbon storage wells. 144.22 Section 144.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... of Underground Injection by Rule § 144.22 Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage wells. (a) An existing Class II enhanced recovery or hydrocarbon storage injection well is authorized by...

40 CFR 144.22 - Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... and hydrocarbon storage wells. 144.22 Section 144.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... of Underground Injection by Rule § 144.22 Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage wells. (a) An existing Class II enhanced recovery or hydrocarbon storage injection well is authorized by...

Developing Distance Music Education in Arctic Scandinavia: Electric Guitar Teaching and Master Classes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brandstrom, Sture; Wiklund, Christer; Lundstrom, Erik

2012-01-01

The purpose of this article was to present the project Vi r Music, with a focus on electric guitar teaching (Case 1) and master classes (Case 2). What were the benefits and shortcomings in the two cases and how did online teaching differ from face-to-face teaching? A guitar teacher with a specialisation in jazz music introduced distance teaching…

40 CFR 147.753 - Existing Class I and III wells authorized by rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Indiana § 147.753 Existing Class I and III wells authorized by rule. Maximum injection pressure. The owner or operator shall limit injection pressure to the lessor of: (a) A value which will not...

Shape control of II-VI semiconductor nanomaterials.

PubMed

Kumar, Sandeep; Nann, Thomas

2006-03-01

Anisotropic II-VI semiconductor nanocrystals and nanoparticles have become important building blocks for (potential) nanotechnological applications. Even though a wide variety of differently shaped nanoparticles of this class can be prepared, the underlying mechanisms are mostly not fully understood. This Review article provides a brief overview of the currently studied shape-evolution mechanisms and the most prominent synthesis methods for such particles, with an aim to provide a fundamental understanding on how different morphologies evolve, and to function as a tool to aid in the preparation of specific nanocrystals.

Latest NASA Instrument Cost Model (NICM): Version VI

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mrozinski, Joe; Habib-Agahi, Hamid; Fox, George; Ball, Gary

2014-01-01

The NASA Instrument Cost Model, NICM, is a suite of tools which allow for probabilistic cost estimation of NASA's space-flight instruments at both the system and subsystem level. NICM also includes the ability to perform cost by analogy as well as joint confidence level (JCL) analysis. The latest version of NICM, Version VI, was released in Spring 2014. This paper will focus on the new features released with NICM VI, which include: 1) The NICM-E cost estimating relationship, which is applicable for instruments flying on Explorer-like class missions; 2) The new cluster analysis ability which, alongside the results of the parametric cost estimation for the user's instrument, also provides a visualization of the user's instrument's similarity to previously flown instruments; and 3) includes new cost estimating relationships for in-situ instruments.

Treatability Study Pilot Test Operation Field Photos

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Jun

Photos in each group are in chronological order as captured: Group I Tank Platform Setup, November 14, 2017; Group II Tank Setup, November 15, 2017; Group III Aboveground Injestion System (AIS) Setup, November 20, 2017; Group IV Chemical Mixing, November 21, 2017; Group V KB-1 Bacteria Injection, November 27, 2017; Group VI Miscellaneous.

Job Language Performance Requirements for MOS 91B, Medical Specialist, Reference Soldier’s Manual Dated 30 August 1977.

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-08-30

Administer tube feeding (gavage) to a patient. 081-91B-1238 Administer a rectal suppository . 081-91B-1240 Administer an intramuscular injection. 081-91B...communications Coded messages Spellings Conversation Requests VI-3 * * * SPEAKING TASK: Formulate and produce appropriate oral responses spontaneously

Development of an automated flow injection analysis system for determination of phosphate in nutrient solutions.

PubMed

Karadağ, Sevinç; Görüşük, Emine M; Çetinkaya, Ebru; Deveci, Seda; Dönmez, Koray B; Uncuoğlu, Emre; Doğu, Mustafa

2018-01-25

A fully automated flow injection analysis (FIA) system was developed for determination of phosphate ion in nutrient solutions. This newly developed FIA system is a portable, rapid and sensitive measuring instrument that allows on-line analysis and monitoring of phosphate ion concentration in nutrient solutions. The molybdenum blue method, which is widely used in FIA phosphate analysis, was adapted to the developed FIA system. The method is based on the formation of ammonium Mo(VI) ion by reaction of ammonium molybdate with the phosphate ion present in the medium. The Mo(VI) ion then reacts with ascorbic acid and is reduced to the spectrometrically measurable Mo(V) ion. New software specific for flow analysis was developed in the LabVIEW development environment to control all the components of the FIA system. The important factors affecting the analytical signal were identified as reagent flow rate, injection volume and post-injection flow path length, and they were optimized using Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology. The optimum point for the maximum analytical signal was calculated as 0.50 mL min -1 reagent flow rate, 100 µL sample injection volume and 60 cm post-injection flow path length. The proposed FIA system had a sampling frequency of 100 samples per hour over a linear working range of 3-100 mg L -1 (R 2  = 0.9995). The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.09% and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.34 mg L -1 . Various nutrient solutions from a tomato-growing hydroponic greenhouse were analyzed with the developed FIA system and the results were found to be in good agreement with vanadomolybdate chemical method findings. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

Nasal potential difference in cystic fibrosis considering severe CFTR mutations.

PubMed

Ng, Ronny Tah Yen; Marson, Fernando Augusto de Lima; Ribeiro, Jose Dirceu; Ribeiro, Antonio Fernando; Bertuzzo, Carmen Silvia; Ribeiro, Maria Angela Gonçalves de Oliveira; Severino, Silvana Dalge; Sakano, Eulalia

2015-01-01

The gold standard for diagnosing cystic fibrosis (CF) is a sweat chloride value above 60 mEq/L. However, this historical and important tool has limitations; other techniques should be studied, including the nasal potential difference (NPD) test. CFTR gene sequencing can identify CFTR mutations, but this method is time-consuming and too expensive to be used in all CF centers. The present study compared CF patients with two classes I-III CFTR mutations (10 patients) (G1), CF patients with classes IV-VI CFTR mutations (five patients) (G2), and 21 healthy subjects (G3). The CF patients and healthy subjects also underwent the NPD test. A statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, χ(2), and Fisher's exact tests, α = 0.05. No differences were observed between the CF patients and healthy controls for the PDMax, Δamiloride, and Δchloride + free + amiloride markers from the NPD test. For the finger value, a difference between G2 and G3 was described. The Wilschanski index values were different between G1 and G3. In conclusion, our data showed that NPD is useful for CF diagnosis when classes I-III CFTR mutations are screened. However, if classes IV-VI are considered, the NPD test showed an overlap in values with healthy subjects.

Nasal Potential Difference in Cystic Fibrosis considering Severe CFTR Mutations

PubMed Central

Ng, Ronny Tah Yen; Marson, Fernando Augusto de Lima; Ribeiro, Jose Dirceu; Ribeiro, Antonio Fernando; Bertuzzo, Carmen Silvia; Ribeiro, Maria Angela Gonçalves de Oliveira; Severino, Silvana Dalge; Sakano, Eulalia

2015-01-01

The gold standard for diagnosing cystic fibrosis (CF) is a sweat chloride value above 60 mEq/L. However, this historical and important tool has limitations; other techniques should be studied, including the nasal potential difference (NPD) test. CFTR gene sequencing can identify CFTR mutations, but this method is time-consuming and too expensive to be used in all CF centers. The present study compared CF patients with two classes I-III CFTR mutations (10 patients) (G1), CF patients with classes IV-VI CFTR mutations (five patients) (G2), and 21 healthy subjects (G3). The CF patients and healthy subjects also underwent the NPD test. A statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, χ 2, and Fisher's exact tests, α = 0.05. No differences were observed between the CF patients and healthy controls for the PDMax, Δamiloride, and Δchloride + free + amiloride markers from the NPD test. For the finger value, a difference between G2 and G3 was described. The Wilschanski index values were different between G1 and G3. In conclusion, our data showed that NPD is useful for CF diagnosis when classes I-III CFTR mutations are screened. However, if classes IV-VI are considered, the NPD test showed an overlap in values with healthy subjects. PMID:25667564

Patterns of Drug Use, Risky Behavior, and Health Status Among Persons Who Inject Drugs Living in San Diego, California: A Latent Class Analysis

PubMed Central

Roth, Alexis M.; Armenta, Richard A.; Wagner, Karla D.; Roesch, Scott C.; Bluthenthal, Ricky N.; Cuevas-Mota, Jazmine; Garfein, Richard S.

2015-01-01

Background Among persons who inject drugs (PWID), polydrug use (the practice of mixing multiple drugs/alcohol sequentially or simultaneously) increases risk for HIV transmission and unintentional overdose deaths. Research has shown local drug markets influence drug use practices. However, little is known about the impact of drug mixing in markets dominated by black tar heroin and methamphetamine, such as the western United States. Methods Data were collected through an ongoing longitudinal study examining drug use, risk behavior, and health status among PWID. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of substance use (heroin, methamphetamine, prescription drugs, alcohol, and marijuana) via multiple administration routes (injecting, smoking, and swallowing). Logistic regression was used to identify behaviors and health indicators associated with drug use class. Results The sample included 511 mostly white (51.5%) males (73.8%), with mean age of 43.5 years. Two distinct classes of drug users predominated: methamphetamine by multiple routes (51%) and heroin by injection (49%). In multivariable logistic regression, class membership was associated with age, race, and housing status. PWID who were HIV-seropositive and reported prior sexually transmitted infections had increased odds of belonging to the methamphetamine class. Those who were HCV positive and reported previous opioid overdose had an increased odds of being in the primarily heroin injection class (all P-values < .05). Conclusion Risk behaviors and health outcomes differed between PWID who primarily inject heroin vs. those who use methamphetamine. The findings suggest that in a region where PWID mainly use black tar heroin or methamphetamine, interventions tailored to sub-populations of PWID could improve effectiveness. PMID:25313832

Assessment of calcium addition on the removal of U(VI) in the alkaline conditions created by NH 3 gas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Katsenovich, Yelena; Cardona, Claudia; Szecsody, Jim

Remediation of uranium (U) contamination in the deep vadose zone (VZ) sediments abundant in calcite mineral is a challenging task considering the formation of highly stable and mobile uranyl complexes with carbonate and calcium in pore water composition. There is a concern that uranium contamination in the VZ can serve as a continued source for groundwater pollution, creating a risk to human health and the environment through the groundwater pathway. This requires in-situ remediation of the radionuclide-contaminated VZ to convert soluble U species to low solubility precipitates that are stable in the natural environment. Injection of reactive gasses (e.g., NHmore » 3) is a promising technology to decrease U mobility in the unsaturated zone without the addition of liquid amendments. The NH 3 injection creates alkaline conditions that can alter the sediment pore water composition due to a release of elements from minerals (via desorption and dissolution) that are present in the sediment. However, it is not known how VZ pore water constituents (Si, Al 3+, HCO 3 -, and Ca 2 +) would affect U(VI) removal/precipitation in alkaline conditions. This study quantified the role of major pore water constituents typically present in the arid and semi-arid environments of the western regions of the U.S and identified solid uranium-bearing phases that could potentially precipitate from solutions approximating pore water compositions after pH manipulations via ammonia gas injections. Triplicate samples were prepared using six Si (5, 50 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM), six HCO 3 - (0, 3, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM), and two Ca 2+ (5 and 10 mM) concentrations. The concentration of aluminum and uranium was kept constant at 5 mM and 0.0084 mM, respectively, in all synthetic formulations tested. Results showed that the percentage of U(VI) removal was controlled by the Si/Al molar ratios and Ca 2+ concentrations. Regardless of the bicarbonate concentration tested, the percentage of U(VI) removed increased as the Si/Al ratios were increased. However, higher Ca concentrations correlated with higher U(VI) removal, ranging between 96% and 99%, at low Si/Al ratios. The SEM images of dried precipitates displayed dense amorphous regions high in silica content, where EDS elemental analysis unveiled higher U atomic percentages. The formation of uranyl silicate and carbonate minerals was also predicted by the speciation modeling. XRD analysis revealed the presence of uranyl carbonate mineral phases (andersonite, grimselite); however, uranyl silicates predicted (Na-boltwoodite) were not identified experimentally, possibly due to the amorphous nature of the silica solid phases observed in our experiments.« less

Assessment of calcium addition on the removal of U(VI) in the alkaline conditions created by NH 3 gas

DOE PAGES

Katsenovich, Yelena; Cardona, Claudia; Szecsody, Jim; ...

2018-03-06

Remediation of uranium (U) contamination in the deep vadose zone (VZ) sediments abundant in calcite mineral is a challenging task considering the formation of highly stable and mobile uranyl complexes with carbonate and calcium in pore water composition. There is a concern that uranium contamination in the VZ can serve as a continued source for groundwater pollution, creating a risk to human health and the environment through the groundwater pathway. This requires in-situ remediation of the radionuclide-contaminated VZ to convert soluble U species to low solubility precipitates that are stable in the natural environment. Injection of reactive gasses (e.g., NHmore » 3) is a promising technology to decrease U mobility in the unsaturated zone without the addition of liquid amendments. The NH 3 injection creates alkaline conditions that can alter the sediment pore water composition due to a release of elements from minerals (via desorption and dissolution) that are present in the sediment. However, it is not known how VZ pore water constituents (Si, Al 3+, HCO 3 -, and Ca 2 +) would affect U(VI) removal/precipitation in alkaline conditions. This study quantified the role of major pore water constituents typically present in the arid and semi-arid environments of the western regions of the U.S and identified solid uranium-bearing phases that could potentially precipitate from solutions approximating pore water compositions after pH manipulations via ammonia gas injections. Triplicate samples were prepared using six Si (5, 50 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM), six HCO 3 - (0, 3, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM), and two Ca 2+ (5 and 10 mM) concentrations. The concentration of aluminum and uranium was kept constant at 5 mM and 0.0084 mM, respectively, in all synthetic formulations tested. Results showed that the percentage of U(VI) removal was controlled by the Si/Al molar ratios and Ca 2+ concentrations. Regardless of the bicarbonate concentration tested, the percentage of U(VI) removed increased as the Si/Al ratios were increased. However, higher Ca concentrations correlated with higher U(VI) removal, ranging between 96% and 99%, at low Si/Al ratios. The SEM images of dried precipitates displayed dense amorphous regions high in silica content, where EDS elemental analysis unveiled higher U atomic percentages. The formation of uranyl silicate and carbonate minerals was also predicted by the speciation modeling. XRD analysis revealed the presence of uranyl carbonate mineral phases (andersonite, grimselite); however, uranyl silicates predicted (Na-boltwoodite) were not identified experimentally, possibly due to the amorphous nature of the silica solid phases observed in our experiments.« less

In vitro microleakage of glass-ionomer composite resin hybrid materials.

PubMed

Rodrigues, J A; De Magalhães, C S; Serra, M C; Rodrigues Júnior, A L

1999-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of six glass-ionomer composite resin hybrid materials compared with a glass-ionomer cement and a composite resin. Standardized class 5 dentin cavities were prepared on root surfaces of 240 extracted human teeth that were randomly assigned to eight groups and restored using the following restorative systems: (I) Vitremer, (II) Compoglass, (III) Photac-Fil Aplicap, (IV) Variglass, (V) Dyract, (VI) Fuji II LC, (VII) Ketac-Fil Aplicap, and (VIII) Z100. The teeth were thermocycled, placed in a 2% methylene blue solution, and sectioned with diamond disks. Dye penetration was scored on a scale of 0-3. Results showed no significant differences among groups VIII, IV, I, V, VI, III, and II. There were also no significant differences among groups VI, III, II, and VII.

Injection of Emulsified Vegetable Oil for Long-Term Bioreduction of Uranium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brooks, S. C.; Watson, D. B.; Schadt, C. W.; Jardine, P. M.; Gihring, T. M.; Zhang, G.; Mehlhorn, T.; Lowe, K.; Phillips, J.; Earles, J.; Wu, W.; Criddle, C. S.; Kemner, K. M.; Boyanov, M.

2011-12-01

In situ bioremediation of a uranium and nitrate-contaminated aquifer with the slow-release electron donor, emulsified vegetable oil (EVO), was tested at the US DOE Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Program (SBR) Integrated Field Research Challenge (IFRC) site, in Oak Ridge, TN. The EVO injection took place in Area 2 of the IFRC located about 300 m downgradient of the former S-3 disposal ponds. Liquid wastes, disposed in the ponds from 1951 to 1983, were primarily composed of nitric acid, plating wastes containing various metals (Cr, Ni) radionuclides (U, Tc), inorganics (nitrate, sulfate) and organic contaminants (tetrachloroethylene, acetone). Prior pond closure in 1987, large volumes of waste fluids migrated into the subsurface, down Bear Creek Valley and into Bear Creek. Contaminants detected at Area 2 were transported through a high permeability gravelly fill that is considered a preferred transport pathway for U to Bear Creek. Groundwater in the gravelly fill is contaminated with U (1-3 mg/L), sulfate (95-130 mg/L), and nitrate (20-40 mg/L) and 500 mg/kg or higher U has been detected on the solid phase of the fill material. The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility and long-term sustainability of U(VI) reduction and immobilization, and nitrate degradation in the high permeability, high flow gravel fill using EVO as the electron donor. A one-time EVO injection was conducted over a 2 hour period in the highly permeable gravel (hydraulic conductivity 0.08 cm/sec) in the well instrumented IFRC Area 2 field plot. Extensive monitoring of geochemical parameters, dissolved gases and microbial populations were conducted during the test. A bromide tracer test was conducted prior to the injection of the EVO to assess transport pathways and rates. Geochemical analysis of site groundwater demonstrated the sequential bioreduction of oxygen, nitrate, Mn(IV), Fe(III) and sulfate. Transient accumulation of acetate was observed as an intermediate in the oil degradation. Reduction and removal of U and nitrate from groundwater was observed in all wells in hydraulic connection to the injection wells after 2-4 weeks. U concentrations in groundwater were reduced to below 30 ppb (US EPA drinking water standard) at some well locations and nitrate was reduced to below detectable levels. Rebound of U in groundwater was observed together with the rebound of sulfate concentrations as the EVO was consumed. The flux of U and nitrate contamination from groundwater to the surface water receptor (Bear Creek) was significantly reduced by the EVO injection over a one year period. Uranium (VI) reduction to U(IV) in the field tests was confirmed by X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) analysis. The reduced U(IV) was determined by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) to be in an Fe-U complex, not uraninite. The activities of major Fe(III)- and sulfate-reducing bacteria with U(VI)-reducing capability as well as methanogens was stimulated after injection of the oil.

Acetate availability and its influence on sustainable bioremediation of Uranium-contaminated groundwater

USGS Publications Warehouse

Williams, K.H.; Long, P.E.; Davis, J.A.; Wilkins, M.J.; N'Guessan, A. L.; Steefel, Carl; Yang, L.; Newcomer, D.; Spane, F.A.; Kerkhof, L.J.; Mcguinness, L.; Dayvault, R.; Lovley, D.R.

2011-01-01

Field biostimulation experiments at the U.S. Department of Energy's Integrated Field Research Challenge (IFRC) site in Rifle, Colorado, have demonstrated that uranium concentrations in groundwater can be decreased to levels below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) drinking water standard (0.126??M).During successive summer experiments - referred to as "Winchester" (2007) and "Big Rusty" (2008) - acetate was added to the aquifer to stimulate the activity of indigenous dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria capable of reductively immobilizing uranium. The two experiments differed in the length of injection (31 vs. 110 days), the maximum concentration of acetate (5 vs. 30 mM),and the extent to which iron reduction ("Winchester") or sulfate reduction("Big Rusty") was the predominant metabolic process. In both cases, rapid removal of U(VI) from groundwater occurred at calcium concentrations (6 mM) and carbonate alkalinities (8 meq/L) where Ca-UO2-CO3 ternary complexes constitute >90% of uranyl species in groundwater. Complete consumption of acetate and increased alkalinity (>30 meq/L) accompanying the onset of sulfate reduction corresponded to temporary increases in U(VI);however, by increasing acetate concentrations in excess of available sulfate (10 mM), low U(VI) concentrations (0.1-0.05 ??M) were achieved for extended periods of time (>140 days). Uniform delivery of acetate during "Big Rusty" was impeded due to decreases in injection well permeability, likely resulting from biomass accumulation and carbonate and sulfide mineral precipitation. Such decreases were not observed during the short-duration "Winchester" experiment. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA genes demonstrated that Geobacter sp. and Geobacter-like strains dominated the groundwater community profile during iron reduction, with 13C stable isotope probing (SIP) results confirming these strains were actively utilizing acetate to replicate their genome during the period of optimal U(VI) removal. Gene transcript levels during "Big Rusty" were quantified for Geobacter-specific citrate synthase (gltA), with ongoing transcription during sulfate reduction indicating that members of the Geobacteraceae were still active and likely contributing to U(VI) removal. The persistence of reducible Fe(III) in sediments recovered from an area of prolonged (110-day) sulfate reduction is consistent with this conclusion. These results indicate that acetate availability and its ability to sustain the activity of iron- and uranyl-respiring Geobacter strains during sulfate reduction exerts a primary control on optimized U(VI) removal from groundwater at the Rifle IFRC site over extended time scales (>50 days). ?? Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever.

PubMed

Milligan, Rachael; Paul, Mical; Richardson, Marty; Neuberger, Ami

2018-05-31

Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever continue to be important causes of illness and death, particularly among children and adolescents in south-central and southeast Asia. Two typhoid vaccines are widely available, Ty21a (oral) and Vi polysaccharide (parenteral). Newer typhoid conjugate vaccines are at varying stages of development and use. The World Health Organization has recently recommended a Vi tetanus toxoid (Vi-TT) conjugate vaccine, Typbar-TCV, as the preferred vaccine for all ages. To assess the effects of vaccines for preventing typhoid fever. In February 2018, we searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, and mRCT. We also searched the reference lists of all included trials. Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing typhoid fever vaccines with other typhoid fever vaccines or with an inactive agent (placebo or vaccine for a different disease) in adults and children. Human challenge studies were not eligible. Two review authors independently applied inclusion criteria and extracted data, and assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach. We computed vaccine efficacy per year of follow-up and cumulative three-year efficacy, stratifying for vaccine type and dose. The outcome addressed was typhoid fever, defined as isolation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in blood. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) and efficacy (1 - RR as a percentage) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In total, 18 RCTs contributed to the quantitative analysis in this review: 13 evaluated efficacy (Ty21a: 5 trials; Vi polysaccharide: 6 trials; Vi-rEPA: 1 trial; Vi-TT: 1 trial), and 9 reported on adverse events. All trials but one took place in typhoid-endemic countries. There was no information on vaccination in adults aged over 55 years of age, pregnant women, or travellers. Only one trial included data on children under two years of age.Ty21a vaccine (oral vaccine, three doses)A three-dose schedule of Ty21a vaccine probably prevents around half of typhoid cases during the first three years after vaccination (cumulative efficacy 2.5 to 3 years: 50%, 95% CI 35% to 61%, 4 trials, 235,239 participants, moderate-certainty evidence). These data include patients aged 3 to 44 years.Compared with placebo, this vaccine probably does not cause more vomiting, diarrhoea, nausea or abdominal pain (2 trials, 2066 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), headache, or rash (1 trial, 1190 participants; moderate-certainty evidence); however, fever (2 trials, 2066 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) is probably more common following vaccination.Vi polysaccharide vaccine (injection, one dose)A single dose of Vi polysaccharide vaccine prevents around two-thirds of typhoid cases in the first year after vaccination (year 1: 69%, 95% CI 63% to 74%; 3 trials, 99,979 participants; high-certainty evidence). In year 2, trial results were more variable, with the vaccine probably preventing between 45% and 69% of typhoid cases (year 2: 59%, 95% CI 45% to 69%; 4 trials, 194,969 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). These data included participants aged 2 to 55 years of age.The three-year cumulative efficacy of the vaccine may be around 55% (95% CI 30% to 70%; 11,384 participants, 1 trial; low-certainty evidence). These data came from a single trial conducted in South Africa in the 1980s in participants aged 5 to 15 years.Compared with placebo, this vaccine probably did not increase the incidence of fever (3 trials, 132,261 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) or erythema (3 trials, 132,261 participants; low-certainty evidence); however, swelling (3 trials, 1767 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) and pain at the injection site (1 trial, 667 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) were more common in the vaccine group.Vi-rEPA vaccine (two doses)Administration of two doses of the Vi-rEPA vaccine probably prevents between 50% and 96% of typhoid cases during the first two years after vaccination (year 1: 94%, 95% CI 75% to 99%; year 2: 87%, 95% CI 56% to 96%, 1 trial, 12,008 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). These data came from a single trial with children two to five years of age conducted in Vietnam.Compared with placebo, both the first and the second dose of this vaccine increased the risk of fever (1 trial, 12,008 and 11,091 participants, low-certainty evidence) and the second dose increase the incidence of swelling at the injection site (one trial, 11,091 participants, moderate-certainty evidence).Vi-TT vaccine (two doses)We are uncertain of the efficacy of administration of two doses of Vi-TT (PedaTyph) in typhoid cases in children during the first year after vaccination (year 1: 94%, 95% CI -1% to 100%, 1 trial, 1625 participants; very low-certainty evidence). These data come from a single cluster-randomized trial in children aged six months to 12 years and conducted in India. For single dose Vi-TT (Typbar-TCV), we found no efficacy trials evaluating the vaccine with natural exposure.There were no reported serious adverse effects in RCTs of any of the vaccines studied. The licensed Ty21a and Vi polysaccharide vaccines are efficacious in adults and children older than two years in endemic countries. The Vi-rEPA vaccine is just as efficacious, although data is only available for children. The new Vi-TT vaccine (PedaTyph) requires further evaluation to determine if it provides protection against typhoid fever. At the time of writing, there were only efficacy data from a human challenge setting in adults on the Vi-TT vaccine (Tybar), which clearly justify the ongoing field trials to evaluate vaccine efficacy.

40 CFR 144.82 - What must I do to protect underground sources of drinking water?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What must I do to protect underground... Operators of Class V Injection Wells Requirements for All Class V Injection Wells § 144.82 What must I do to protect underground sources of drinking water? If you own or operate any type of Class V well, the...

40 CFR 144.82 - What must I do to protect underground sources of drinking water?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What must I do to protect underground... Operators of Class V Injection Wells Requirements for All Class V Injection Wells § 144.82 What must I do to protect underground sources of drinking water? If you own or operate any type of Class V well, the...

40 CFR 144.82 - What must I do to protect underground sources of drinking water?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What must I do to protect underground... Operators of Class V Injection Wells Requirements for All Class V Injection Wells § 144.82 What must I do to protect underground sources of drinking water? If you own or operate any type of Class V well, the...

O VI ABSORBERS TRACING HOT GAS ASSOCIATED WITH A PAIR OF GALAXIES AT z = 0.167

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Savage, B. D.; Narayanan, A.; Wakker, B. P.

2010-08-20

High signal-to-noise observations of the QSO PKS 0405-123 (z {sub em} = 0.572) with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph from 1134 to 1796 A with a resolution of {approx}17 km s{sup -1} are used to study the multi-phase partial Lyman limit system (LLS) at z = 0.16716, which has previously been studied using relatively low signal-to-noise spectra from STIS and FUSE. The LLS and an associated H I-free broad O VI absorber likely originate in the circumgalactic gas associated with a pair of galaxies at z = 0.1688 and 0.1670 with impact parameters of 116 h {sup -1} {sub 70} andmore » 99 h {sup -1} {sub 70}. The broad and symmetric O VI absorption is detected in the z = 0.16716 rest frame with v = -278 {+-} 3 km s{sup -1}, log N(O VI) = 13.90 {+-} 0.03, and b = 52 {+-} 2 km s{sup -1}. This absorber is not detected in H I or other species with the possible exception of N V. The broad, symmetric O VI profile and the absence of corresponding H I absorption indicate that the circumgalactic gas in which the collisionally ionized O VI arises is hot (log T {approx} 5.8-6.2). The absorber may represent a rare but important new class of low-z intergalactic medium absorbers. The LLS has strong asymmetrical O VI absorption with log N(O VI) = 14.72 {+-} 0.02 spanning a velocity range from -200 to +100 km s{sup -1}. The high and low ions in the LLS have properties resembling those found for Galactic highly ionized high-velocity clouds where the O VI is likely produced in the conductive and turbulent interfaces between cool and hot gas.« less

USEPA SEMINARS ON INDOOR AIR VAPOR INTRUSION

EPA Science Inventory

This interactive CD has been developed to introduce you to the seminar speakers and their presentation topics. It includes introduction and overview video clips, an interactive class exercise that explains how to interpret and use the new EPA IAVI Guidance, a scrolling seminar vi...

Responses of microbial community functional structures to pilot-scale uranium in situ bioremediation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xu, M.; Wu, W.-M.; Wu, L.

2010-02-15

A pilot-scale field test system with an inner loop nested within an outer loop was constructed for in situ U(VI) bioremediation at a US Department of Energy site, Oak Ridge, TN. The outer loop was used for hydrological protection of the inner loop where ethanol was injected for biostimulation of microorganisms for U(VI) reduction/immobilization. After 2 years of biostimulation with ethanol, U(VI) levels were reduced to below drinking water standard (<30 {micro}gl{sup -1}) in the inner loop monitoring wells. To elucidate the microbial community structure and functions under in situ uranium bioremediation conditions, we used a comprehensive functional gene arraymore » (GeoChip) to examine the microbial functional gene composition of the sediment samples collected from both inner and outer loop wells. Our study results showed that distinct microbial communities were established in the inner loop wells. Also, higher microbial functional gene number, diversity and abundance were observed in the inner loop wells than the outer loop wells. In addition, metal-reducing bacteria, such as Desulfovibrio, Geobacter, Anaeromyxobacter and Shewanella, and other bacteria, for example, Rhodopseudomonas and Pseudomonas, are highly abundant in the inner loop wells. Finally, the richness and abundance of microbial functional genes were highly correlated with the mean travel time of groundwater from the inner loop injection well, pH and sulfate concentration in groundwater. These results suggest that the indigenous microbial communities can be successfully stimulated for U bioremediation in the groundwater ecosystem, and their structure and performance can be manipulated or optimized by adjusting geochemical and hydrological conditions.« less

Uranium 238U/235U isotope ratios as indicators of reduction: Results from an in situ biostimulation experiment at Rifle, Colorado, USA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bopp IV, C.J.; Lundstrom, C.C.; Johnson, T.M.

2010-02-01

The attenuation of groundwater contamination via chemical reaction is traditionally evaluated by monitoring contaminant concentration through time. However, this method can be confounded by common transport processes (e.g. dilution, sorption). Isotopic techniques bypass the limits of concentration methods, and so may provide improved accuracy in determining the extent of reaction. We apply measurements of {sup 238}U/{sup 235}U to a U bioremediation field experiment at the Rifle Integrated Field Research Challenge Site in Rifle, Colorado (USA). An array of monitoring and injection wells was installed on a 100 m{sup 2} plot where U(VI) contamination was present in the groundwater. Acetate-amended groundwatermore » was injected along an up-gradient gallery to encourage the growth of dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria (e.g. Geobacter species). During amendment, U concentration dropped by an order of magnitude in the experiment plot. We measured {sup 238}U/{sup 235}U in samples from one monitoring well by MC-ICP-MS using a double isotope tracer method. A significant {approx}1.00{per_thousand} decrease in {sup 238}U/{sup 235}U occurred in the groundwater as U(VI) concentration decreased. The relationship between {sup 238}U/{sup 235}U and concentration corresponds approximately to a Rayleigh distillation curve with an effective fractionation factor ({alpha}) of 1.00046. We attribute the observed U isotope fractionation to a nuclear field shift effect during enzymatic reduction of U(VI){sub (aq)} to U(IV){sub (s)}.« less

Simultaneous determination of Cr(iii) and Cr(vi) using reversed-phased ion-pairing liquid chromatography with dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wolf, R.E.; Morrison, J.M.; Goldhaber, M.B.

2007-01-01

A method for the simultaneous determination of Cr(iii) and Cr(vi) species in waters, soil leachates and synthetic bio-fluids is described. The method uses reversed-phase ion-pairing liquid chromatography to separate the chromium species and a dynamic reaction cell (DRC??) equipped ICP-MS for detection of chromium. Separation of the chromium species is carried out in less than 2 min. Cr(iii) is complexed with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) prior to separation by mixing samples with the mobile phase containing 2.0 mM tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH), 0.5 mM EDTA (dipotassium salt), and 5% (vol/vol) methanol, adjusted to pH 7.6. The interfering 40Ar 12C+ background peak at mass 52 was reduced by over four orders of magnitude to less than 200 cps by using 0.65 mL min-1 ammonia as a reaction gas and an RPq setting on the DRC of 0.75. Method detection limits (MDLs) of 0.09 ??g L-1 for Cr(iii) and 0.06 ??g L-1 for Cr(vi) were obtained based on peak areas at mass 52 for 50 ??L injections of low level spikes. Reproducibility at 2 ??g L-1 was 3% RSD for 5 replicate injections. The tolerance of the method to various levels of common cations and anions found in natural waters and to matrix constituents found in soil leachates and simulated gastric and lung fluids was tested by performing spike recovery calculations for a variety of samples. ?? The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Large scale groundwater flow and hexavalent chromium transport modeling under current and future climatic conditions: the case of Asopos River Basin.

PubMed

Dokou, Zoi; Karagiorgi, Vasiliki; Karatzas, George P; Nikolaidis, Nikolaos P; Kalogerakis, Nicolas

2016-03-01

In recent years, high concentrations of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), have been observed in the groundwater system of the Asopos River Basin, raising public concern regarding the quality of drinking and irrigation water. The work described herein focuses on the development of a groundwater flow and Cr(VI) transport model using hydrologic, geologic, and water quality data collected from various sources. An important dataset for this goal comprised an extensive time series of Cr(VI) concentrations at various locations that provided an indication of areas of high concentration and also served as model calibration locations. Two main sources of Cr(VI) contamination were considered in the area: anthropogenic contamination originating from Cr-rich industrial wastes buried or injected into the aquifer and geogenic contamination from the leaching process of ophiolitic rocks. The aquifer's response under climatic change scenario A2 was also investigated for the next two decades. Under this scenario, it is expected that rainfall, and thus infiltration, will decrease by 7.7 % during the winter and 15 % during the summer periods. The results for two sub-scenarios (linear and variable precipitation reduction) that were implemented based on A2 show that the impact on the study aquifer is moderate, resulting in a mean level decrease less than 1 m in both cases. The drier climatic conditions resulted in higher Cr(VI) concentrations, especially around the industrial areas.

40 CFR 147.50 - State-administered program-Class II wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Carry Out Underground Injection Control Program Relating to Class II Wells as Described in Federal Safe... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Alabama... application: (a) Incorporation by reference. The requirements set forth in the State statutes and regulations...

Groundwater Quality Assessment Plan: Dickson County Landfill, Dickson County, Tennessee, including Application for Authorization for Class V Underground Injection Well

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Contains site investigation plan & data for assessment of groundwater quality at Dickson County Landfill, Dickson, Tennessee, with figures, tables, appendices, November 1994, including Application for Authorization for Class V Underground Injection Well.

Chimeric Amino Acid Rearrangements as Immune Targets in Prostate Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-01

plot showing gene fusions between exon boundaries Figure 3. Lum (PC141070) A B Figure 4. Recurrent fusion genes present in the TCGA intermediate and...class I restricted epitopes in 6 out of 50 patient tumors. One recurrent gene fusion encoded by the TMPRSS2:ERG type VI fusion was detected in 3...found to have high-affinity (IEDB score អ nM) MHC class I predicted epitopes. Recurrent fusions In a comparative analysis across the patient

Anatomical evidence for red nucleus projections to motoneuronal cell groups in the spinal cord of the monkey

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holstege, Gert; Blok, Bertil F.; Ralston, Diane Daly

1988-01-01

In four rhesus monkeys wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) injections were made in the mesencephalic tegmentum. In three cases with injections involving the red nucleus (RN), rubrospinal fibers descended mainly contralaterally to terminate in laminae V, VI and dorsal VII of the spinal cord and in the lateral motoneuronal cell groups at the level of the cervical and lumbosacral enlargements. In all four cases the area of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) was injected, which resulted in labeled interstitiospinal fibers in the medial part of the ipsilateral ventral funiculus of the spinal cord. The results indicate that there is no major qualitative difference between the mesencephalic (RN and INC) and motor cortical projections to the spinal cord.

Penicillin G Procaine Injection

MedlinePlus

Penicillin G procaine injection is used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria. Penicillin G procaine injection should not be used to ... early in the treatment of certain serious infections. Penicillin G procaine injection is in a class of ...

Data requirements for simulation of hydrogeologic effects of liquid waste injection, Harrison and Jackson Counties, Mississippi

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rebich, Richard A.

1994-01-01

Available literature and data were reviewed to quantify data requirements for computer simulation of hydrogeologic effects of liquid waste injection in southeastern Mississippi. Emphasis of each review was placed on quantifying physical properties of current Class I injection zones in Harrison and Jackson Counties. Class I injection zones are zones that are used for injection of hazardous or non-hazardous liquid waste below a formation containing the lowermost underground source of drinking water located within one-quarter of a mile of the injection well. Several mathematical models have been developed to simulate injection effects. The Basic Plume Method was selected because it is commonly used in permit applications, and the Intercomp model was selected because it is generally accepted and used in injection-related research. The input data requirements of the two models were combined into a single data requirement list inclusive of physical properties of injection zones only; injected waste and well properties are not included because such information is site-specific by industry, which is beyond the scope of this report. Results of the reviews of available literature and data indicated that Class I permit applications and standard-reference chemistry and physics texts were the primary sources of information to quantify physical properties of injection zones in Harrison and Jackson Counties. With the exception of a few reports and supplementary data for one injection zone in Jackson County, very little additional information pertaining to physical properties of the injection zones was available in sources other than permit applications and standard-reference texts.

New models of experimental parotitis and parotid gland distension in rats.

PubMed

Okada-Ogawa, Akiko; Shinoda, Masamichi; Honda, Kuniya; Iwata, Koichi

2012-01-01

A significant reduction of the escape threshold to mechanical stimulation of the lateral facial skin was observed bilaterally at days 2 and 3 after unilateral complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) administration into parotid gland. A slight reduction of mechanical escape threshold was also observed in rats with saline administration. The parotid gland inflammation was verified and quantified by measuring the tissue Evans' blue dye extravasation. The Evans' blue concentration in the parotid gland tissues was significantly greater in the CFA-injected rats than that of the saline-injected rats at 72 h after treatment. On day 10 after CFA administration into the parotid gland, the Evans' blue concentration was recovered to the control level. The administration of capsaicin into the parotid gland did not alter neuronal activities in the transition zone between the trigeminal spinal subnucleus interpolaris and caudalis (Vi/Vc). In contrast, capsaicin administration induced significant increases in the receptive field size and mechanical and cold responses of neurons located in superficial laminae of the C1/C2. The subgroup of C1/C2 neurons responded to mechanical distension of the parotid gland, whereas no Vi/Vc neurons responded to parotid distension.

12 CFR 1229.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... equivalent employee; (iii) Chief Administrative Officer or an equivalent employee; (iv) Chief Risk Officer or an equivalent employee; (v) Asset and Liability Management officer, or an equivalent employee; (vi...), plus the amount paid-in for the Bank's Class B stock. Risk-based capital requirement means any capital...

46 CFR 56.01-10 - Plan approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) Fire extinguishing systems including fire main and sprinkler piping, inert gas and foam. (vi) Bilge and..., I-L, and II-L systems. (ii) All Class II firemain, foam, sprinkler, bilge and ballast, vent sounding... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES...

46 CFR 56.01-10 - Plan approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) Fire extinguishing systems including fire main and sprinkler piping, inert gas and foam. (vi) Bilge and..., I-L, and II-L systems. (ii) All Class II firemain, foam, sprinkler, bilge and ballast, vent sounding... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES...

46 CFR 56.01-10 - Plan approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) Fire extinguishing systems including fire main and sprinkler piping, inert gas and foam. (vi) Bilge and..., I-L, and II-L systems. (ii) All Class II firemain, foam, sprinkler, bilge and ballast, vent sounding... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES...

46 CFR 56.01-10 - Plan approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) Fire extinguishing systems including fire main and sprinkler piping, inert gas and foam. (vi) Bilge and..., I-L, and II-L systems. (ii) All Class II firemain, foam, sprinkler, bilge and ballast, vent sounding... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES...

32 CFR 562.7 - Program information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... (4) Agree to— (i) Establish a Department of Military Science as an integral academic and... Department of Military Science. (vi) Arrange for the scheduling of military classes to make it equally...) Include a representative of the Department of Military Science designated by the PMS on all faculty...

32 CFR 562.7 - Program information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.... (4) Agree to— (i) Establish a Department of Military Science as an integral academic and... Department of Military Science. (vi) Arrange for the scheduling of military classes to make it equally...) Include a representative of the Department of Military Science designated by the PMS on all faculty...

Planning ahead for livable communities along the Powell–Division Bus Rapid Transit : neighborhood conditions and change.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-07-04

New transit investments can be a double-edged sword for disadvantaged communities (e.g., those included in environmental justice and Title VI protected classes). Transit investments improve communities mobility and access, and may improve health w...

Development of unified propulsion system for geostationary satellite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murayama, S.; Kobayashi, H.; Masuda, I.; Kameishi, M.; Miyoshi, K.; Takahashi, M.

Japan's first Liquid Apogee Propulsion System (LAPS) has been developed for ETS-VI (Engineering Test Satellite - VI) 2-ton class geostationary satellite. The next largest (2-ton class) geostationary satellite, COMETS (Communication and Broadcasting Engineering Test Satellite), requires a more compact apogee propulsion system in order to increase the space for mission instruments. The study for such a propulsion system concluded with a Unified Propulsion System (UPS), which uses a common N2H4 propellant tank for both bipropellant apogee engines and monopropellant Reaction Control System (RCS) thrusters. This type of propulsion system has several significant advantages compared with popular nitrogen tetroxide/monomethyl hydrazine (NTO/MMH) bipropellant satellite propulsion systems: The NTO/N2H4 apogee engine has a high specific impulse, and N2H4 thrusters have high reliability. Residual of N2H4 caused by propellant utilization of apogee engine firing (AEF) can be consumed by N2H4 monopropellant thrusters; that means a considerably prolonged satellite life.

Influences of Detection Pinhole and Sample Flow on Thermal Lens Detection in Microfluidic Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Mingqiang; Franko, Mladen

2014-12-01

Thermal lens microscopy (TLM), due to its high temporal () and spatial resolution (), has been coupled to lab-on-chip chemistry for detection of a variety of compounds in chemical or biological fields. Due to the very short optical path length (usually below 100 ) in a microchip, the sensitivity of TLM is unfortunately still 10 to 100 times lower than conventional TLS with 1 cm sample length. Optimization of the TLM optical configuration was made with respect to different pinhole aperture-to-beam size ratios for the best signal-to-noise ratio. In the static mode, the instrumental noise comes mainly from the shot noise of the probe beam when the chopper frequency is over 1 kHz or from the flicker noise of the probe beam at low frequencies. In the flowing mode, the flow-induced noise becomes dominant when the flow rate is high. At a given flow rate, fluids with a higher density and/or a higher viscosity will cause larger flow-induced noise. As an application, a combined microfluidic flow injection analysis ()-TLM device was developed for rapid determination of pollutants by colorimetric reactions. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] was measured as a model analyte. Analytical signals for 12 sample injections in 1 min have been recorded by the FIA-TLM. For injections of sub-L samples into the microfluidic stream in a deep microchannel, a limit of detection of was achieved for Cr(VI) in water at 60 mW excitation power.

Lacosamide Injection

MedlinePlus

Lacosamide injection is used in combination with other medications to control certain types of seizures in people who cannot take oral medications. Lacosamide injection is in a class of medications called ...

Serological response following re-vaccination with Salmonella typhi Vi-capsular polysaccharide vaccines in healthy adult travellers.

PubMed

Roggelin, Louise; Vinnemeier, Christof D; Fischer-Herr, Johanna; Johnson-Weaver, Brandi T; Rolling, Thierry; Burchard, Gerd D; Staats, Herman F; Cramer, Jakob P

2015-08-07

An injectable Vi-capsular polysaccharide vaccine against typhoid fever is available but vaccine-induced immunity tends to wane over time. The phenomenon of immunotolerance or hyporesponsiveness has earlier been described for polysaccharide vaccines such as pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine and some publications also suggest a possible immunotolerance after revaccination with Vi-capsular polysaccharide vaccines. In this study, post-immunisation antibody concentrations in adult travellers first vaccinated with a Salmonella typhi Vi-capsular polysaccharide vaccine (primary vaccination group) were compared with those having received one or more vaccinations previously (multiple vaccinations group). Vaccines administered were Typherix(®) (GlaxoSmithKline), Typhim Vi(®) (Sanofi Pasteur MSD) or Hepatyrix(®) (GlaxoSmithKline). Blood samples were obtained prior to vaccination (day 0) and on day 28 (-1/+14) after vaccination. Serum Vi-Antigen IgG concentrations were measured by ELISA. Of the 85 subjects included in the per protocol data set, 45 (53%) belonged to the multiple vaccinations group. In both groups, geometric mean antibody concentrations (GMCs) were significantly higher after vaccination than before vaccination. Pre-vaccination GMCs were lower in the primary vaccination group than in the multiple vaccinations group (3.40 μg/ml versus 6.13 μg/ml, P=0.005), while there was no significant difference in the post vaccination GMCs between groups (11.34 μg/ml versus 14.58 μg/ml, P=0.4). In the multiple vaccinations group, vaccination was performed 18 to 57 months after the last vaccination (median 38 months) and there was a negative correlation between time since last vaccination and antibody concentration on day 0. In conclusion, we were not able to demonstrate a relevant immunotolerance after multiple versus primary vaccination with S. typhi Vi-capsular polysaccharide vaccines. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Colistimethate Injection

MedlinePlus

... is used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria. Colistimethate injection is in a class of medications called antibiotics. It works by killing bacteria.Antibiotics such as colistimethate injection will not work ...

40 CFR 147.3016 - Criteria and standards applicable to Class V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL... nuclear fuel covered by 40 CFR part 191) shall comply with all of the requirements applicable to Class I injection wells in 40 CFR parts 124, 144 and 146 as supplemented by this subpart. ...

40 CFR 147.3016 - Criteria and standards applicable to Class V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL... nuclear fuel covered by 40 CFR part 191) shall comply with all of the requirements applicable to Class I injection wells in 40 CFR parts 124, 144 and 146 as supplemented by this subpart. ...

40 CFR 147.3016 - Criteria and standards applicable to Class V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL... nuclear fuel covered by 40 CFR part 191) shall comply with all of the requirements applicable to Class I injection wells in 40 CFR parts 124, 144 and 146 as supplemented by this subpart. ...

40 CFR 147.3016 - Criteria and standards applicable to Class V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL... nuclear fuel covered by 40 CFR part 191) shall comply with all of the requirements applicable to Class I injection wells in 40 CFR parts 124, 144 and 146 as supplemented by this subpart. ...

75 FR 60457 - Underground Injection Control Program Hazardous Waste Injection Restrictions; Petition for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-30

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9208-4] Underground Injection Control Program Hazardous Waste Injection Restrictions; Petition for Exemption--Class I Hazardous Waste Injection Dow Chemical Company (DOW... Petition. SUMMARY: Notice is hereby given that an exemption to the land disposal restrictions under the...

78 FR 42776 - Underground Injection Control Program; Hazardous Waste Injection Restrictions; Petition for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-17

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL9834-8] Underground Injection Control Program; Hazardous Waste Injection Restrictions; Petition for Exemption--Class I Hazardous Waste Injection; Blanchard Refining... migration petition reissuance. SUMMARY: Notice is hereby given that a reissuance of an exemption to the land...

Modulus of elasticity, creep and shrinkage of concrete, phase II : part 1, creep study, final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-10-01

A laboratory testing program was performed to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of typical Class II, IV, V, and VI concrete mixtures made with a Miami Oolite limestone, a Georgia granite, and a lightweight aggregate Stalite, including c...

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Manpower Information System: An Integrated Approach to Manpower Management

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-04-01

engineering and con- struction management services for both military and civil works programs. In FY93, the cost of those programs exceeded $10 billion and...A related issue was to explore the USACE costs , benefits, and barriers to implementing a single Class VI system software package for both the military...provide information in useful ways, track utilization information, I A Class HI system is defined in AR 25-3. It is a system whose total program costs are

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kanel, S. R.; Clement, T. P.; Barnett, M. O.

Synthetic nano-scale hydroxyapatite (NHA) was prepared and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The XRD data confirmed that the crystalline structure and chemical composition of NHA correspond to Ca 5 OH(PO 4 ) 3 . The SEM data confirmed the size of NHA to be less than 50 nm. A two-dimensional physical model packed with saturated porous media was used to study the transport characteristics of NHA under constant flow conditions. The data show that the transport patterns of NHA were almost identical to tracer transport patterns. This result indicates that the NHA material can movemore » with water like a tracer, and its movement was neither retarded nor influenced by any physicochemical interactions and/or density effects. We have also tested the reactivity of NHA with 1 mg/L hexavalent uranium (U(VI)) and found that complete removal of U(VI) is possible using 0.5 g/L NHA at pH 5 to 6. Our results demonstrate that NHA has the potential to be injected as a dilute slurry for in situ treatment of U(VI)-contaminated groundwater systems.« less

Tocilizumab Injection

MedlinePlus

... of age or older after receiving certain immunotherapy infusions. Tocilizumab injection is in a class of medications ... you miss an appointment to receive a tocilizumab infusion, call your doctor.If you forget to inject ...

76 FR 55908 - Underground Injection Control Program; Hazardous Waste Injection Restrictions; Petition for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-09

... of an exemption to the land disposal restrictions, under the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste... Waste Injection Restrictions; Petition for Exemption--Class I Hazardous Waste Injection; Great Lakes... from the injection zone for as long as the waste remains hazardous. This final decision allows the...

78 FR 23246 - Underground Injection Control Program; Hazardous Waste Injection Restrictions; Petition for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-18

... exemption to the land disposal Restrictions, under the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste [[Page 23247... Waste Injection Restrictions; Petition for Exemption--Class I Hazardous Waste Injection; BASF... from the injection zone for as long as the waste remains hazardous. This final decision allows the...

77 FR 26755 - Underground Injection Control Program; Hazardous Waste Injection Restrictions; Petition for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-07

... reissuance of an exemption to the land disposal Restrictions, under the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste... Waste Injection Restrictions; Petition for Exemption--Class I Hazardous Waste Injection; Diamond... from the injection zone for as long as the waste remains hazardous. This final decision allows the...

CFTR genotype and clinical outcomes of adult patients carried as cystic fibrosis disease.

PubMed

Bonadia, Luciana Cardoso; de Lima Marson, Fernando Augusto; Ribeiro, Jose Dirceu; Paschoal, Ilma Aparecida; Pereira, Monica Corso; Ribeiro, Antonio Fernando; Bertuzzo, Carmen Silvia

2014-05-01

There are nearly 2000 cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) mutations that cause cystic fibrosis (CF). These mutations are classified into six classes; on the one hand, the first three classes cause severe disease involvement in early childhood, on the other hand, the Class IV, V and VI mutations cause minor severe disease in the same age. Nowadays, with therapeutic advances in CF management and competence of pediatricians, physicians of adults have to deal with two groups of CF patients: (i) adults diagnosed in childhood with severe mutations and (ii) adults who initiated symptoms in adulthood and with Class IV, V and VI mutations. The aim of this study was to analyze adults from a clinical center, treated as CF disease, screening the CFTR genotype and evaluating the clinical characteristics. Thirty patients followed as CF disease at the University Hospital were enrolled. After a complete molecular CFTR negative screening and sweat test levels between 40 and 59mEq/L, five patients were characterized as non-CF disease and were excluded. Molecular screening was performed by CFTR gene sequencing/MLPA or by specific mutation screening. Clinical data was obtained from medical records. The patients were divided into three groups: (1) patients with Class I, II and III mutations in two CFTR alleles; (2) genotype with at least one allele of Class IV, V or VI CFTR mutations and, (3) non-identified CFTR mutation+one patient with one allele with CFTR mutation screened (Class I). There was an association of CFTR class mutation and sodium/chloride concentration in the sweat test (sodium: p=0.040; chloride: p=0.016), onset of digestive symptoms (p=0.012), lung function parameter (SpO2 - p=0.016), Bhalla score (p=0.021), age at diagnosis (p=0.008) and CF-related diabetes (p=0.029). There was an association between Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic colonization (as clinical marker for the lung disease status) and lung impairment (FEV1% - p=0.027; Bhalla score - p=0.021), CF-related diabetes (p=0.040), chloride concentration in the sweat test (p=0.040) and chronic infection by microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus - p=0.039; mucoid P. aeruginosa - p=0.001). There is no positive association with the status of other clinical markers and the CFTR genotype groups. For clinical association with pancreatic insufficiency (as clinical marker for digestive symptoms), no association was related. The adults with CF diagnosed by sweat test have specific clinical and genotypic characteristics, being a population that should be studied to cause better future management. Some patients treated as CF disease by clinical symptoms, showed no disease, taking into account the sweat test and complete exon sequencing/MLPA screening. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Parathyroid Hormone Injection

MedlinePlus

... injection is used along with calcium and vitamin D to treat low levels of calcium in the ... condition can be controlled by calcium and vitamin D alone. Parathyroid hormone injection is in a class ...

Removal of Cr(VI) from groundwater by Fe(0)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Yanjiao; Liu, Rui

2017-11-01

This research was conducted to investigate the treatment of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) by iron powder (Fe(0)) columns of simulated permeable reactive barriers with and without calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Two columns filled with Fe(0) were used as Cr(VI) removal equipment running at a flow velocity of 10 ml/min at room temperature. After 200 days running of the two columns, the results showed that Fe(0) was an effective material for Cr(VI) reduction with an average removal rate of above 84.6%. The performance of Column 2 with CaCO3 was better than Column 1 without CaCO3 in terms of average Cr(VI) removal rate. The presence of CaCO3 buffered the increasing pH caused by Fe(0) corrosion in Column 2 and enhanced the removal rate of Column 2. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of Fe(0) in the three stages of running of the two columns illustrated that the coat layer of Column 1 was a little thicker than that of Column 2. Energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) results showed that the surface of Fe(0) of Column 2 contained more chromium elements. Raman spectroscopy found that all iron oxide was generated on the Fe(0) surface of Column 1 and Column 2 and chromium class objects were only detected on Fe(0) surface in Column 2.

Numerical Modeling of Wastewater Injection in the Denver Basin combined disposal zone in northeast Colorado

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brown, M. R. M.; Ge, S.; Sheehan, A. F.

2016-12-01

Previous studies have correlated seismicity with high rate injection at Underground Injection Control Class II wastewater disposal wells. In this study, we examine the impact of injection in the Denver Basin combined disposal zone that is used by numerous Class II wells. The disposal zone includes the Lyons Formation, a sandstone unit, and the Fountain Formation, an arkose unit just above the basement. Within a 30-km radius of the deep Class II injection well (NGL C4A) closest to the June 1, 2014 M3.2 Greeley earthquake, there are fifteen deep wastewater disposal wells injecting into the disposal zone and two shallow wastewater disposal wells injecting into the Lyons Formation only. One of the shallow wells is located at the same disposal facility as NGL-C4A and started injection in October 2004; the earliest deep injection in this region, at well NGL-C6, began in November 2007. The major episode of seismicity in the area started in November 2013. The timing of injection operation and seismicity occurrence raises several questions. Why did seismicity not begin in the area until nearly 10 years after the start of injection? Nine of the deep wastewater disposal wells began injection after the M3.2 earthquake on June 1, 2014; how does the large increase in the number of injection wells in the area change the pore-pressure in the disposal zone? How does the injection from the various wells interact? Does this increase the chances of induced seismicity? We conduct numerical modeling of 18 injection wells from 2004 to 2016 to explore these questions by better understanding the pore-pressure changes through time, pore-pressure changes in areas of induced earthquakes, and the interactions between injection wells. We include the asymmetry of the basin geometry in the model. We also use this case study to refine how well spacing and injection rate influences the occurrence of induced earthquakes.

Development of the Field-Induced Electron Injection and Impact Ionization (F4I) Technique for Radiation Hardness Testing of MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) Gate Insulators.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-01

Applesoft language, a variant of floating-point BASIC that is supplied with the computer. As an intepreted language, Apple- soft BASIC executes fairly...fit with (VI , II ) array. I 8400 Sound bell and display warning when current limit exceeded. 8500-8510 Output HV pulse, read and display amplitude

ViLLaGEs: opto-mechanical design of an on-sky visible-light MEMS-based AO system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grigsby, Bryant; Lockwood, Chris; Baumann, Brian; Gavel, Don; Johnson, Jess; Ammons, S. Mark; Dillon, Daren; Morzinski, Katie; Reinig, Marc; Palmer, Dave; Severson, Scott; Gates, Elinor

2008-07-01

Visible Light Laser Guidestar Experiments (ViLLaGEs) is a new Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) based visible-wavelength adaptive optics (AO) testbed on the Nickel 1-meter telescope at Lick Observatory. Closed loop Natural Guide Star (NGS) experiments were successfully carried out during engineering during the fall of 2007. This is a major evolutionary step, signaling the movement of AO technologies into visible light with a MEMS mirror. With on-sky Strehls in I-band of greater than 20% during second light tests, the science possibilities have become evident. Described here is the advanced engineering used in the design and construction of the ViLLaGEs system, comparing it to the LickAO infrared system, and a discussion of Nickel dome infrastructural improvements necessary for this system. A significant portion of the engineering discussion revolves around the sizable effort that went towards eliminating flexure. Then, we detail upgrades to ViLLaGEs to make it a facility class instrument. These upgrades will focus on Nyquist sampling the diffraction limited point spread function during open loop operations, motorization and automation for technician level alignments, adding dithering capabilities and changes for near infrared science.

Sequencing of T-superfamily conotoxins from Conus virgo: pyroglutamic acid identification and disulfide arrangement by MALDI mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Mandal, Amit Kumar; Ramasamy, Mani Ramakrishnan Santhana; Sabareesh, Varatharajan; Openshaw, Matthew E; Krishnan, Kozhalmannom S; Balaram, Padmanabhan

2007-08-01

De novo mass spectrometric sequencing of two Conus peptides, Vi1359 and Vi1361, from the vermivorous cone snail Conus virgo, found off the southern Indian coast, is presented. The peptides, whose masses differ only by 2 Da, possess two disulfide bonds and an amidated C-terminus. Simple chemical modifications and enzymatic cleavage coupled with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometric analysis aided in establishing the sequences of Vi1359, ZCCITIPECCRI-NH(2), and Vi1361, ZCCPTMPECCRI-NH(2), which differ only at residues 4 and 6 (Z = pyroglutamic acid). The presence of the pyroglutamyl residue at the N-terminus was unambiguously identified by chemical hydrolysis of the cyclic amide, followed by esterification. The presence of Ile residues in both the peptides was confirmed from high-energy collision induced dissociation (CID) studies, using the observation of w(n)- and d(n)-ions as a diagnostic. Differential cysteine labeling, in conjunction with MALDI-MS/MS, permitted establishment of disulfide connectivity in both peptides as Cys2-Cys9 and Cys3-Cys10. The cysteine pattern clearly reveals that the peptides belong to the class of T-superfamily conotoxins, in particular the T-1 superfamily.

New Insights into Intrinsic Point Defects in V2VI3 Thermoelectric Materials.

PubMed

Zhu, Tiejun; Hu, Lipeng; Zhao, Xinbing; He, Jian

2016-07-01

Defects and defect engineering are at the core of many regimes of material research, including the field of thermoelectric study. The 60-year history of V 2 VI 3 thermoelectric materials is a prime example of how a class of semiconductor material, considered mature several times, can be rejuvenated by better understanding and manipulation of defects. This review aims to provide a systematic account of the underexplored intrinsic point defects in V 2 VI 3 compounds, with regard to (i) their formation and control, and (ii) their interplay with other types of defects towards higher thermoelectric performance. We herein present a convincing case that intrinsic point defects can be actively controlled by extrinsic doping and also via compositional, mechanical, and thermal control at various stages of material synthesis. An up-to-date understanding of intrinsic point defects in V 2 VI 3 compounds is summarized in a (χ, r)-model and applied to elucidating the donor-like effect. These new insights not only enable more innovative defect engineering in other thermoelectric materials but also, in a broad context, contribute to rational defect design in advanced functional materials at large.

Buprenorphine Injection

MedlinePlus

Buprenorphine extended-release injection is used to treat opioid dependence (addiction to opioid drugs, including heroin and narcotic painkillers) ... sublingual buprenorphine for at least 7 days. Buprenorphine extended-release injection is in a class of medications ...

Sodium Ferric Gluconate Injection

MedlinePlus

Sodium ferric gluconate injection is used to treat iron-deficiency anemia (a lower than normal number of ... are also receiving the medication epoetin (Epogen, Procrit). Sodium ferric gluconate injection is in a class of ...

Penicillin G (Potassium, Sodium) Injection

MedlinePlus

Penicillin G injection is used to treat and prevent certain infections caused by bacteria. Penicillin G injection is in a class of medications called penicillins. It works by killing bacteria that cause infections. ...

[Profile-effect on quality control of Houttuynia cordata injection].

PubMed

Lu, Hong-mei; Liang, Yi-zeng; Qian, Pin

2005-12-01

To find corresponding relationship between the fingerprint of Houttuynia cordata injections from different factories and their effects. Houttuynia cordata injections from six different factories were determined by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectra (GC-MS), and GC fingerprints were classified by hierarchical clustering. The anti-inflammatory activity of Houttuynia cordata injections was characterized through the rat pleurisy model induced by carrageenin and the mice ear edema model by dimethylbenzene. The anti-inflammatory effect of the injections from the first class factories on the two model was significant, while those from the second class not. GC-MS analysis result indicated that main effect compounds in Houttuynia cordata injections are methyl n-nonyl ketone, decanoylacetaldehyde, lauryl aldehyde, capryl aldehyde, beta-pinene, beta-linalool, 1-nonanol, 4-terpineol, alpha-terpineol, bornyl acetate, n-decanoic acid and acetic acid, geraniol ester etc. There is corresponding relationship between the fingerprint of Houttuynia cordata injections and effect to a certain extent.

Application of an Area-of-Review (AOR) Concept to the East Texas Field and Other Selected Texas Oilfields

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Warner, Don L.; Koederitz, Leonard F.; Laudon, Robert C.

The Underground Injection Control Regulations promulgated in 1980, under the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974, require Area-of-Review (AOR) studies be conducted as part of the permitting process for newly drilled or converted Class II injection wells. Existing Class II injection wells operating at the time regulations became effective were excluded from the AOR requirement. The AOR is the area surrounding an injection well or wells defined by either the radial distance within which pressure in the injection zone may cause migration of the injection and/or formation fluid into an underground source of drinking water (USDW) or defined by amore » fixed radius of not less than one-fourth mile. In the method where injection pressure is used to define the AOR radial distance, the AOR is also known as the ''zone of endangering influence.''« less

The Sounds of Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grant, Julian

2017-01-01

In this article, Julian Grant, a Prep VI class teacher at Bridgewater School, Worsley, Manchester, explores the cross-curricular nature of language in scientific recording and how children can waken an audible science world with words. The ideas that came from what started as an applied vocabulary exercise demonstrated just how many…

14 CFR 61.5 - Certificates and ratings issued under this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... (iii) Glider. (iv) Lighter-than-air. (v) Powered-lift. (vi) Powered parachute. (vii) Weight-shift...—Airplane. (ii) Instrument—Helicopter. (iii) Instrument—Powered-lift. (c) The following ratings are placed.... (iii) Glider. (iv) Powered-lift. (2) Airplane class ratings— (i) Single-engine. (ii) Multiengine. (3...

14 CFR 61.5 - Certificates and ratings issued under this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

.... (iii) Glider. (iv) Lighter-than-air. (v) Powered-lift. (vi) Powered parachute. (vii) Weight-shift...—Airplane. (ii) Instrument—Helicopter. (iii) Instrument—Powered-lift. (c) The following ratings are placed.... (iii) Glider. (iv) Powered-lift. (2) Airplane class ratings— (i) Single-engine. (ii) Multiengine. (3...

32 CFR 562.7 - Program information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... requirements will be met. (4) Agree to— (i) Establish a Department of Military Science as an integral academic... courses offered by the Department of Military Science. (vi) Arrange for the scheduling of military classes... educational level. (vii) Include a representative of the Department of Military Science designated by the PMS...

Effects of lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle on conditioned suppression to a CS and to a contextual background stimulus.

PubMed

Tsaltas, E; Schugens, M M; Gray, J A

1989-01-01

The aim of the experiment was to determine whether the dorsal noradrenergic bundle (DB) plays a role in conditioning to context. Rats received either bilateral lesions of the DB by local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine, vehicle injections only, or sham operations. All animals were then trained to barpress for food on a variable interval (VI) schedule. Two 5-min intrusion periods were superimposed on the VI baseline during each session. An 'envelope' stimulus (flashing light) was on throughout each intrusion period. In addition, embedded in the two intrusion periods of each session, there occurred 8 presentations of a 'punctate' conditioned stimulus (CS) (a 15-s clicker), and 8 presentations of a 0.5-s footshock. Within each surgical condition rats were randomly allocated to one of three conditioning groups, receiving 100%, 50% or 0% temporal association between CS and shock. Conditioning to the punctate CS and to the context provided by the envelope stimulus was assessed by the degree of suppression of the barpress response relative to the VI baseline. Responding was most suppressed in the punctate CS in the 100 and 50% conditions, and most suppressed in the envelope stimulus in the 0% condition. DB lesions released response suppression to the punctate CS, had no effect on suppression to the envelope stimulus, and reduced sensitivity to CS-shock probability as measured by response suppression during the punctate CS. These results confirm previous reports that DB lesions alleviate response suppression to shock-associated cues, identify some of the parameters that affect this phenomenon, but fail to support a role for the DB in contextual conditioning.

Corticotropin, Repository Injection

MedlinePlus

Corticotropin repository injection is used to treat the following conditions:infantile spasms (seizures that usually begin during the first ... of the arms, hands, feet, and legs). Corticotropin repository injection is in a class of medications called ...

Iron Dextran Injection

MedlinePlus

Iron dextran injection is used to treat iron-deficiency anemia (a lower than normal number of red blood cells ... treated with iron supplements taken by mouth. Iron dextran injection is in a class of medications called ...

Reactivity of nitrido complexes of ruthenium(VI), osmium(VI), and manganese(V) bearing Schiff base and simple anionic ligands.

PubMed

Man, Wai-Lun; Lam, William W Y; Lau, Tai-Chu

2014-02-18

Nitrido complexes (M≡N) may be key intermediates in chemical and biological nitrogen fixation and serve as useful reagents for nitrogenation of organic compounds. Osmium(VI) nitrido complexes bearing 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (terpy), 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), or hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borate anion (Tp) ligands are highly electrophilic: they can react with a variety of nucleophiles to generate novel osmium(IV)/(V) complexes. This Account describes our recent results studying the reactivity of nitridocomplexes of ruthenium(VI), osmium(VI), and manganese(V) that bear Schiff bases and other simple anionic ligands. We demonstrate that these nitrido complexes exhibit rich chemical reactivity. They react with various nucleophiles, activate C-H bonds, undergo N···N coupling, catalyze the oxidation of organic compounds, and show anticancer activities. Ruthenium(VI) nitrido complexes bearing Schiff base ligands, such as [Ru(VI)(N)(salchda)(CH3OH)](+) (salchda = N,N'-bis(salicylidene)o-cyclohexyldiamine dianion), are highly electrophilic. This complex reacts readily at ambient conditions with a variety of nucleophiles at rates that are much faster than similar reactions using Os(VI)≡N. This complex also carries out unique reactions, including the direct aziridination of alkenes, C-H bond activation of alkanes and C-N bond cleavage of anilines. The addition of ligands such as pyridine can enhance the reactivity of [Ru(VI)(N)(salchda)(CH3OH)](+). Therefore researchers can tune the reactivity of Ru≡N by adding a ligand L trans to nitride: L-Ru≡N. Moreover, the addition of various nucleophiles (Nu) to Ru(VI)≡N initially generate the ruthenium(IV) imido species Ru(IV)-N(Nu), a new class of hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) reagents. Nucleophiles also readily add to coordinated Schiff base ligands in Os(VI)≡N and Ru(VI)≡N complexes. These additions are often stereospecific, suggesting that the nitrido ligand has a directing effect on the incoming nucleophile. M≡N is also a potential platform for the design of new oxidation catalysts. For example, [Os(VI)(N)Cl4](-) catalyzes the oxidation of alkanes by a variety of oxidants, and the addition of Lewis acids greatly accelerates these reactions. [Mn(V)(N)(CN)4]2(-) is another highly efficient oxidation catalyst, which facilitates the epoxidation of alkenes and the oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds using H2O2. Finally, M≡N can potentially bind to and exert various effects on biomolecules. For example, a number of Os(VI)≡N complexes exhibit novel anticancer properties, which may be related to their ability to bind to DNA or other biomolecules.

Optimization of a Time-Lapse Gravity Network for Carbon Sequestration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Appriou, D.; Strickland, C. E.; Ruprecht Yonkofski, C. M.

2017-12-01

The objective of this study is to evaluate what could be a comprehensive and optimal state of the art gravity monitoring network that would meet the UIC class VI regulation and insure that 90% of the CO2 injected remain underground. Time-lapse gravity surveys have a long history of effective applications of monitoring temporal density changes in the subsurface. For decades, gravity measurements have been used for a wide range of applications. The interest of time-lapse gravity surveys for monitoring carbon sequestration sites started recently. The success of their deployment in such sites depends upon a combination of favorable conditions, such as the reservoir geometry, depth, thickness, density change over time induced by the CO2 injection and the location of the instrument. In most cases, the density changes induced by the CO2 plume in the subsurface are not detectable from the surface but the use of borehole gravimeters can provide excellent results. In the framework of the National Assessment and Risk Partnership (NRAP) funded by the Department of Energy, the evaluation of the effectiveness of the gravity monitoring of a CO2 storage site has been assessed using multiple synthetic scenarios implemented on a community model developed for the Kimberlina site (e.g., fault leakage scenarios, borehole leakage). The Kimberlina carbon sequestration project was a pilot project located in southern San Joaquin Valley, California, aimed to safely inject 250,000 t CO2/yr for four years. Although the project was cancelled in 2012, the site characterization efforts resulted in the development of a geologic model. In this study, we present the results of the time-lapse gravity monitoring applied on different multiphase flow and reactive transport models developed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (i.e., no leakage, permeable fault zone, wellbore leakage). Our monitoring approach considers an ideal network, consisting of multiple vertical and horizontal instrumented boreholes that could be used to track the CO2 plume and potential leaks. A preliminary cost estimate will also be provided.

Continuous ultrasound-assisted extraction of hexavalent chromium from soil with or without on-line preconcentration prior to photometric monitoring.

PubMed

Luque-García, J L; Luque de Castro, M D

2002-08-01

A continuous ultrasound-assisted extractor was coupled to a photometric detector in order to obtain a fully automated approach for the determination of CrVI in soil. The use of a flow injection (FI) manifold as interface between the extractor and the photometric detector allowed the monitoring of CrVI after extraction in a continuous manner. The coloured complex formed between 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC) and CrVI was used as recommended in EPA method 7196A because it is one of the most sensitive and selective reactions for CrVI determination. A preconcentration minicolumn packed with a strong anion-exchange resin was placed between the extractor and the detector, providing a more sensitive method. The linear dynamic ranges were 1-10 and 0.25-7.5 mg l-1 for the methods without (method A) and with preconcentration (method B), respectively. The limits of detection were 4.52 ng for method A and 1.23 ng for method B. Both methods were applied to a natural contaminated soil and the results obtained agreed well with those obtained by the reference EPA method 3060A. The influence of different amounts of CrIII in the samples was also studied and the results showed that the proposed methods did not disturb the original species distribution.

Introducing Vi polysaccharide typhoid fever vaccine to primary school children in North Jakarta, Indonesia, via an existent school-based vaccination platform.

PubMed

Agtini, M D; Ochiai, R L; Soeharno, R; Lee, H J; Sundoro, J; Hadinegoro, S R; Han, O P; Tana, L; Halim, F X S; Ghani, L; Delima; Lestari, W; Sintawati, F X; Kusumawardani, N; Malik, R; Santoso, T S; Nadjib, M; Soeroso, S; Wangsasaputra, F; Ali, M; Ivanoff, B; Galindo, C M; Pang, T; Clemens, J D; Suwandono, A; Acosta, C J

2006-11-01

To report results on coverage, safety and logistics of a large-scale, school-based Vi polysaccharide immunization campaign in North Jakarta. Of 443 primary schools in North Jakarta, Indonesia, 18 public schools were randomly selected for this study. Exclusion criteria were fever 37.5 degrees C or higher at the time of vaccination or a known history of hypersensitivity to any vaccine. Adverse events were monitored and recorded for 1 month after immunization. Because this was a pilot programme, resource use was tracked in detail. During the February 2004 vaccination campaign, 4828 students were immunized (91% of the target population); another 394 students (7%) were vaccinated during mop-up programmes. Informed consent was obtained for 98% of the target population. In all, 34 adverse events were reported, corresponding to seven events per 1000 doses injected; none was serious. The manufacturer recommended cold chain was maintained throughout the programme. This demonstration project in two sub-districts of North Jakarta shows that a large-scale, school-based typhoid fever Vi polysaccharide vaccination campaign is logistically feasible, safe and minimally disruptive to regular school activities, when used in the context of an existing successful immunization platform. The project had high parental acceptance. Nonetheless, policy-relevant questions still need to be answered before implementing a widespread Vi polysaccharide vaccine programme in Indonesia.

Amphotericin B Lipid Complex Injection

MedlinePlus

Amphotericin B lipid complex injection is used to treat serious, possibly life-threatening fungal infections in people who did not respond ... to tolerate conventional amphotericin B therapy. Amphotericin B lipid complex injection is in a class of medications ...

Degarelix Injection

MedlinePlus

... injection is used to treat advanced prostate cancer (cancer that begins in the prostate [a male reproductive gland]). Degarelix injection is in a class of medications called gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonists. It works by decreasing the amount of ...

Biennial Report on Long-Term Dose-Response Studies of Inhaled or Injected Radionuclides, 1991 - 1993

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-01-01

found, multiple uterine fibromas, mammary adenomas, a parathyroid adenoma, and bilateral adrenal cortical adenomas. Dog 1106A, a male control, was...fibroma and uterine leiomyoma. Dog 1154S, a female with an ILB of 0.13 kBq 239Pu/kg body weight, was found dead 5016 days after exposure. At necropsy...vi I ITRI LIFE-SPAN STUDIES IN DOGS ............................................... I A. SPECIFIC PROJECT

Physicochemical heterogeneity controls on uranium bioreduction rates at the field scale.

PubMed

Li, Li; Gawande, Nitin; Kowalsky, Michael B; Steefel, Carl I; Hubbard, Susan S

2011-12-01

It has been demonstrated in laboratory systems that U(VI) can be reduced to immobile U(IV) by bacteria in natural environments. The ultimate efficacy of bioreduction at the field scale, however, is often challenging to quantify and depends on site characteristics. In this work, uranium bioreduction rates at the field scale are quantified, for the first time, using an integrated approach. The approach combines field data, inverse and forward hydrological and reactive transport modeling, and quantification of reduction rates at different spatial scales. The approach is used to explore the impact of local scale (tens of centimeters) parameters and processes on field scale (tens of meters) system responses to biostimulation treatments and the controls of physicochemical heterogeneity on bioreduction rates. Using the biostimulation experiments at the Department of Energy Old Rifle site, our results show that the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity and solid phase mineral (Fe(III)) play a critical role in determining the field-scale bioreduction rates. Due to the dependence on Fe-reducing bacteria, field-scale U(VI) bioreduction rates were found to be largely controlled by the abundance of Fe(III) minerals at the vicinity of the injection wells and by the presence of preferential flow paths connecting injection wells to down gradient Fe(III) abundant areas.

40 CFR 147.1601 - State-administered program-Class I, III, IV and V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... lands, is the program administered by the New Mexico Water Quality Control Commission, the Environmental..., are also part of the approved State-administered UIC program: (1) Water Quality Act, New Mexico...). (c)(1) The Memorandum of Agreement between EPA Region VI and the New Mexico Water Quality Control...

40 CFR 147.1601 - State-administered program-Class I, III, IV and V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... lands, is the program administered by the New Mexico Water Quality Control Commission, the Environmental..., are also part of the approved State-administered UIC program: (1) Water Quality Act, New Mexico...). (c)(1) The Memorandum of Agreement between EPA Region VI and the New Mexico Water Quality Control...

75 FR 26830 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; International Securities Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-12

... to the following categories of market participants: (i) Market Maker; (ii) Market Maker Plus; \\6\\ (iii) Non-ISE Market Maker; \\7\\ (iv) Firm Proprietary; (v) Customer (Professional); \\8\\ (vi) Priority... currently charges a fee for removing liquidity to the following class of market participants: (i) Customer...

Zidovudine Injection

MedlinePlus

... immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Zidovudine is given to HIV-positive pregnant women to reduce the chance of passing the infection to the baby. Zidovudine injection is in a class of medications ... the amount of HIV in the blood. Although zidovudine injection does not ...

Peginterferon Alfa-2b Injection (Sylatron)

MedlinePlus

Peginterferon alfa-2b injection is used in people with malignant melanoma (a life-threatening cancer that begins in certain ... started within 84 days of the surgery. Peginterferon alfa-2b injection is in a class of medications ...

The structure of Leibniz superalgebras admitting a multiplicative basis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Albuquerque, Helena; Barreiro, Elisabete; Calderón Martín, Antonio J.; Sánchez Delgado, José M.

2016-12-01

In the literature, most of the descriptions of different classes of Leibniz superalgebras (L =L0bar ⊕L1bar , [ ṡ , ṡ ]) have been made by giving the multiplication table on the elements of a graded basis B ={vk } k ∈ K of L, in such a way that for any i , j ∈ K we have [vi ,vj ] =λi,j [vj ,vi ] ∈ Fvk for some k ∈ K, where F denotes the base field and λi,j ∈ F. In order to give a unifying viewpoint of all these classes of algebras we introduce the category of Leibniz superalgebras admitting a multiplicative basis and study its structure. We show that if a Leibniz superalgebra L =L0bar ⊕L1bar admits a multiplicative basis then it is the direct sum L =⨁αIα with any Iα =I α , 0 bar ⊕I α , 1 bar being a well described ideal of L admitting a multiplicative basis inherited from B. Also the B-simplicity of L is characterized in terms of J-connections.

Disruption of Bcchs4, Bcchs6 or Bcchs7 chitin synthase genes in Botrytis cinerea and the essential role of class VI chitin synthase (Bcchs6).

PubMed

Morcx, Serena; Kunz, Caroline; Choquer, Mathias; Assie, Sébastien; Blondet, Eddy; Simond-Côte, Elisabeth; Gajek, Karina; Chapeland-Leclerc, Florence; Expert, Dominique; Soulie, Marie-Christine

2013-03-01

Chitin synthases play critical roles in hyphal development and fungal pathogenicity. Previous studies on Botrytis cinerea, a model organism for necrotrophic pathogens, have shown that disruption of Bcchs1 and more particularly Bcchs3a genes have a drastic impact on virulence (Soulié et al., 2003, 2006). In this work, we investigate the role of other CHS including BcCHS4, BcCHS6 and BcCHS7 during the life cycle of B. cinerea. Single deletions of corresponding genes were carried out. Phenotypic analysis indicates that: (i) BcCHS4 enzyme is not essential for development and pathogenicity of the fungus; (ii) BcCHS7 is required for pathogenicity in a host dependant manner. For Bcchs6 gene disruption, we obtained only heterokaryotic strains. Indeed, sexual or asexual purification assays were unsuccessful. We concluded that class VI chitin synthase could be essential for B. cinerea and therefore BcCHS6 represents a valuable antifungal target. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

If it’s pinched it’s a memristor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chua, Leon

2014-10-01

This paper presents an in-depth review of the memristor from a rigorous circuit-theoretic perspective, independent of the material the device is made of. From an experimental perspective, a memristor is best defined as any two-terminal device that exhibits a pinched hysteresis loop in the voltage-current plane when driven by any periodic voltage or current signal that elicits a periodic response of the same frequency. This definition greatly broadens the scope of memristive devices to encompass even non-semiconductor devices, both organic and inorganic, from many unrelated disciplines, including biology, botany, brain science, etc. For pedagogical reasons, the broad terrain of memristors is partitioned into three classes of increasing generality, dubbed Ideal Memristors, Generic Memristors, and Extended Memristors. Each class is distinguished from the others via unique fingerprints and signatures. This paper clarifies many confusing issues, such as non-volatility, dc V-I curves, high-frequency v-i curves, local activity, as well as nonlinear dynamical and bifurcation phenomena that are the hallmarks of memristive devices. Above all, this paper addresses several fundamental issues and questions that many memristor researchers do not comprehend but are afraid to ask.

78 FR 76294 - Underground Injection Control Program; Hazardous Waste Injection Restrictions; Petition for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-17

... Waste Injection Restrictions; Petition for Exemption--Class I Hazardous Waste Injection; Mosaic... decision on a no migration petition. SUMMARY: Notice is hereby given that an exemption to the land disposal Restrictions, under the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act...

76 FR 36129 - Underground Injection Control Program; Hazardous Waste Injection Restrictions; Petition for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-21

... Waste Injection Restrictions; Petition for Exemption--Class I Hazardous Waste Injection; ExxonMobil... final decision on a no migration petition. SUMMARY: Notice is hereby given that an exemption to the land disposal Restrictions, under the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments to the Resource Conservation and...

76 FR 42125 - Underground Injection Control Program; Hazardous Waste Injection Restrictions; Petition for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-18

... Waste Injection Restrictions; Petition for Exemption--Class I Hazardous Waste Injection; ConocoPhillips... no migration petition. SUMMARY: Notice is hereby given that an exemption to the land disposal Restrictions, under the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act...

The role of response force on the persistence and structure of behavior during extinction.

PubMed

Pinkston, Jonathan W; Foss, Erica K

2018-01-01

Behavior Momentum Theory has emerged as a prominent account of resistance to change in both basic and applied research. Although laboratory studies often define precise, repeatable responses, application research often deals with response classes that may vary widely along a number of dimensions. In general, Behavior Momentum Theory has not addressed how response dimensions impact resistance to change, providing an opportunity to expand the model in new directions. Four rats pressed a force transducer under a multiple variable interval (VI) 60-s VI 60-s schedule of reinforcement. In one component, responses satisfied the schedule only if the response force fell within a "low" force band requirement; responses in the other schedule were required to satisfy a "high" force band. Once responding stabilized, extinction was programmed for three sessions. Then, the procedures were replicated. The results showed that response force came under discriminative control, but force requirements had no impact on resistance to extinction. In a follow-up condition, the schedule was changed to a multiple VI 30-s VI 120-s schedule and the low-force band operated in both components. The results showed that behavior maintained by the VI 30-s schedule was generally more resistant to extinction. A secondary analysis showed that force distributions created under baseline maintained during extinction. Overall, the results suggest that differential response force requirements prevailing in steady state do not affect the course of extinction. © 2018 Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.

Expert consensus statement to guide the evidence-based classification of Paralympic athletes with vision impairment: a Delphi study.

PubMed

Ravensbergen, H J C Rianne; Mann, D L; Kamper, S J

2016-04-01

Paralympic sports are required to develop evidence-based systems that allocate athletes into 'classes' on the basis of the impact of their impairment on sport performance. However, sports for athletes with vision impairment (VI) classify athletes solely based on the WHO criteria for low vision and blindness. One key barrier to evidence-based classification is the absence of guidance on how to address classification issues unique to VI sport. The aim of this study was to reach expert consensus on how issues specific to VI sport should be addressed in evidence-based classification. A four-round Delphi study was conducted with 25 participants who had expertise as a coach, athlete, classifier and/or administrator in Paralympic sport for VI athletes. The experts agreed that the current method of classification does not fulfil the requirements of Paralympic classification, and that the system should be different for each sport to account for the sports' unique visual demands. Instead of relying only on tests of visual acuity and visual field, the panel agreed that additional tests are required to better account for the impact of impairment on sport performance. There was strong agreement that all athletes should not be required to wear a blindfold as a means of equalising the impairment during competition. There is strong support within the Paralympic movement to change the way that VI athletes are classified. This consensus statement provides clear guidance on how the most important issues specific to VI should be addressed, removing key barriers to the development of evidence-based classification. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

Using 238U/235U ratios to understand the formation and oxidation of reduced uranium solids in naturally reduced zones

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jemison, N.; Johnson, T. M.; Druhan, J. L.; Davis, J. A.

2016-12-01

Uranium occurs in groundwater primarily as soluble and mobile U(VI), which can be reduced to immobile U(IV), often observed in sediments as uraninite. Numerous U(VI)-contaminated sites, such as the DOE field site in Rifle, CO, contain naturally reduced zones (NRZ's) that have relatively high concentrations of organic matter. Reduction of heavy metals occurs within NRZ's, producing elevated concentrations of iron sulfides and U(IV). Slow, natural oxidation of U(IV) from NRZ's may prolong U(VI) contamination of groundwater. The reduction of U(VI) produces U(IV) with a higher 238U/235U ratio. Samples from two NRZ sediment cores recovered from the Rifle site revealed that the outer fringes of the NRZ contain U(IV) with a high 238U/235U ratio, while lower values are observed in the center . We suggest that as aqueous U(VI) was reduced in the NRZ, it was driven to lower 238U/235U values, such that U(IV) formed in the core of the NRZ reflects a lower 238U/235U. Two oxidation experiments were conducted by injecting groundwater containing between 14.9 and 21.2 mg/L dissolved O2 as an oxidant into the NRZ. The oxidation of U(IV) from this NRZ increased aqueous U(VI) concentrations and caused a shift to higher 238U/235U in groundwater as U(IV) was oxidized primarily on the outer fringes of the NRZ. In total these observations suggest that the stability of solid phase uranium is governed by coupled reaction and transport processes. To better understand various reactive transport scenarios we developed a model for the formation and oxidation of NRZ's utilizing the reactive transport software CrunchTope. These simulations suggest that the development of isotopically heterogeneous U(IV) within NRZ's is largely controlled by permeability of the NRZ and the U(VI) reduction rate. Oxidation of U(IV) from the NRZ's is constrained by the oxidation rate of U(IV) as well as iron sulfides, which can prevent oxidation of U(IV) by scavenging dissolved oxygen.

Documents related to Proposed Class II injection well permit modification MI-147-2D-0014

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Public notice for proposed modification of permit number MI-147-2D-0014 (St. Clair County, MI). The proposed modification would change the injection zone, the construction, and reduce the injection pressure.

Interferon Alfa-2b Injection

MedlinePlus

Interferon alfa-2b injection is used to treat a number of conditions.Interferon alfa-2b injection is used alone or in combination ... lymphoma (NHL; a slow-growing blood cancer). Interferon alfa-2b is in a class of medications called ...

Nano-Scale Hydroxyapatite: Synthesis, Two-Dimensional Transport Experiments, and Application for Uranium Remediation

DOE PAGES

Kanel, S. R.; Clement, T. P.; Barnett, M. O.; ...

2011-01-01

Synthetic nano-scale hydroxyapatite (NHA) was prepared and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The XRD data confirmed that the crystalline structure and chemical composition of NHA correspond to Ca 5 OH(PO 4 ) 3 . The SEM data confirmed the size of NHA to be less than 50 nm. A two-dimensional physical model packed with saturated porous media was used to study the transport characteristics of NHA under constant flow conditions. The data show that the transport patterns of NHA were almost identical to tracer transport patterns. This result indicates that the NHA material can movemore » with water like a tracer, and its movement was neither retarded nor influenced by any physicochemical interactions and/or density effects. We have also tested the reactivity of NHA with 1 mg/L hexavalent uranium (U(VI)) and found that complete removal of U(VI) is possible using 0.5 g/L NHA at pH 5 to 6. Our results demonstrate that NHA has the potential to be injected as a dilute slurry for in situ treatment of U(VI)-contaminated groundwater systems.« less

40 CFR 147.1803 - Existing Class I and III wells authorized by rule-maximum injection pressure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... authorized by rule-maximum injection pressure. 147.1803 Section 147.1803 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED...—maximum injection pressure. The owner or operator shall limit injection pressure to the lesser of: (a) A...

Clinical profile of patients with biopsy proven lupus nephritis at a tertiary care hospital from Northern Pakistan, 1995 to 2012.

PubMed

Ali, Akhtar; Mehmood, Anjum; Ali, Muhammad Usman

2017-01-01

TTo highlight the clinical spectrum of biopsy-proven lupus nephritis by analysing any variations in its histological subtypes across gender, varying age groups, serum creatinine levels and anti-double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid levels. This retrospective, observational study was conducted at the Lady Reading Hospital in collaboration with the Fauji Foundation Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, and comprised patient records of biopsy-proven lupus nephritis from 1995 to 2012. The cases were analysed according to clinical presentations and histological pattern of systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis. EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 17 were used for data analyses. Of the 2,000 renal biopsies performed, lupus nephritis was found in 74(3.7%) cases. Of them, 63(85.1%) were females and 11(14.9%) males. The mean age of the cases was 23.88±9.73 years (range: 10-55 years). Class IV lupus nephritis was seen in 38(51.4%) patients, followed by Class II in 15(20.3%), Class III in 10(13.5%), Class V and VI in 4(5.4%) each and Class I in 3(4.1%). Out of the combined Class III and IV cases, 25(52.08%) had serum creatinine levels of >1.2 mg/dL, whereas positive anti-double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid titers up to 50 IU/L were seen in all of the 48(100%) such patients. Overall, microscopic haematuria was found in 52(70.3%) cases, followed by arthralgia in 40(54.1%). Moreover, 32(50.8%) females and 6(54.5%) males had Type IV nephritis. Class VI lupus nephritis, in particular, were significantly more prominent in 31-40 years of age group when compared to other histological subtypes and age groups (p=0.0096, odds ratio: 23.25, 95% confidence interval: 2.15-251.21). Female predominance was observed in all histological sub-types of lupus nephritis. Class IV lupus was the most common histological pattern. Microscopic haematuria was the most common clinical presentation.

Evaluation of on-line desalter-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry system for determination of Cr(III), Cr(VI), and total chromium concentrations in natural water and urine samples

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Y. C.; Lin, C. Y.; Wu, S. F.; Chung, Y. T.

2006-02-01

We have developed a simple and convenient method for the determination of Cr(III), Cr(VI), and the total chromium concentrations in natural water and urine samples that use a flow injection on-line desalter-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry system. When using aqueous ammonium chloride (pH 8) as the stripping solution, the severe interference from sodium in the matrix can be eliminated prior to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry measurement, and the Cr(VI) level can be determined directly. To determine the total concentration of Cr in natural water and urine samples, we used H 2O 2 or HNO 3 to decompose the organic matter and convert all chromium species into the Cr(VI) oxidation state. To overcome the spectral interference caused by the matrix chloride ion in the resulting solutions, we employed cool plasma to successfully suppress chloride-based molecular ion interference during the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry measurement. By significantly eliminating interference from the cationic and anionic components in the matrices prior to the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry measurement, we found that the detection limit reached 0.18 μg L - 1 (based on 3 sigma). We validated this method through the analysis of the total chromium content in two reference materials (NIST 1643c and 2670E) and through measuring the recovery in spiked samples.

Cefotetan Injection

MedlinePlus

... is in a class of medications called cephalosporin antibiotics. It works by killing bacteria.Antibiotics such as cefotetan injection will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections. Using ...

12 CFR 1002.3 - Limited exceptions for certain classes of transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... the sex of an applicant; (ii) Section 1002.5(c) concerning information about a spouse or former spouse... is on the basis of a change of name or marital status; (vi) Section 1002.7(d) relating to the... the sex of an applicant, but only to the extent necessary for medical records or similar purposes; (ii...

12 CFR 1002.3 - Limited exceptions for certain classes of transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... the sex of an applicant; (ii) Section 1002.5(c) concerning information about a spouse or former spouse... is on the basis of a change of name or marital status; (vi) Section 1002.7(d) relating to the... the sex of an applicant, but only to the extent necessary for medical records or similar purposes; (ii...

Title VI-G, ESEA, Proposal for a Modified Primary Program for Children with Learning Disabilities. (Abstract and Narrative Sections).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anchorage Borough School District, AK.

A project emphasizing prevention of learning disabilities through early identification and individualized educational prescriptions was conducted. Children identified through a screening process will go from kindergarten to a modified primary class. Here, they will be provided with a curriculum designed to develop the skills needed for successful…

39 CFR 3010.23 - Calculation of percentage change in rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... rate cell in the class is multiplied by the planned rate for the respective cell and the resulting products are summed. Then, the same set of rate cell volumes are multiplied by the corresponding current..., 2, ..., N) Ri,n = planned rate of rate cell i Ri,c = current rate of rate cell i Vi = volume of rate...

Constructivist Approach Enhances the Learning: A Search of Reality

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dev, Meenu

2016-01-01

The primary aim of the study was to study the effect of constructivist approach of teaching on the learning of English Language on Primary School Students. The study consisted of 60 students of class VI from Janta Brahmi Sr. Secondary School, Nathupur, Sonipat. A single quasi experimental pre-test and post-test design was applied in the present…

COURSE OUTLINE FOR THIRD SIX WEEKS OF SCIENCE-LEVEL II, TALENT PRESERVATION CLASSES.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Houston Independent School District, TX.

UNIT III (SIX WEEKS) CONCERNS PLANT LIFE, AND DEALS WITH THALLUS PLANTS, MOSSES, FERNS, AND SEED PLANTS. UNIT IV (SIX WEEKS) COVERS AIR AND SPACE, WITH SUBTOPICS ON ASTRONOMY AND WEATHER. "THE CHANGING EARTH," DEALING WITH GEOLOGY AND CONSERVATION, COMPRISES UNIT V (6WEEKS). THE LAST, UNIT VI (6 WEEKS), DEALS WITH CONSUMER…

49 CFR 173.156 - Exceptions for limited quantity and ORM.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... December 31, 2020, materials classed and marked as ORM-D and described as a Consumer commodity, as defined... materials marked in accordance with § 172.315 of this subchapter, or, until December 31, 2020, materials... (vi) The package is properly marked in accordance with § 172.315 or, until December 31, 2020, § 172...

24 CFR 200.946 - Building product standards and certification program for exterior finish and insulation systems...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) ASTM C-1186-91 Standard Specification for Flat Non-Asbestos Fiber-Cement Sheets. (v) ASTM D 579-90 Standard Specification for Greige Woven Glass Fabrics. (vi) ASTM D 3273-86—(Reapproved 1991) Standard Test... Glass Fiber Reinforcing Mesh for Use in Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS), Class PB. (xv...

24 CFR 200.946 - Building product standards and certification program for exterior finish and insulation systems...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) ASTM C-1186-91 Standard Specification for Flat Non-Asbestos Fiber-Cement Sheets. (v) ASTM D 579-90 Standard Specification for Greige Woven Glass Fabrics. (vi) ASTM D 3273-86—(Reapproved 1991) Standard Test... Glass Fiber Reinforcing Mesh for Use in Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS), Class PB. (xv...

24 CFR 200.946 - Building product standards and certification program for exterior finish and insulation systems...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) ASTM C-1186-91 Standard Specification for Flat Non-Asbestos Fiber-Cement Sheets. (v) ASTM D 579-90 Standard Specification for Greige Woven Glass Fabrics. (vi) ASTM D 3273-86—(Reapproved 1991) Standard Test... Glass Fiber Reinforcing Mesh for Use in Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS), Class PB. (xv...

78 FR 136 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-02

... Proposed Rule Change Relating to Extension of the Exchange's Penny Pilot Program and Replacement of Penny... VI, Section 5 (Minimum Increments) of the rules of NOM to: extend through June 30, 2013, the Penny Pilot Program in options classes in certain issues (``Penny Pilot'' or ``Pilot''), and to change the...

77 FR 40127 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-06

... Proposed Rule Change Relating to Extension of the Exchange's Penny Pilot Program and Replacement of Penny... amend Chapter VI, Section 5 (Minimum Increments) to: Extend through December 31, 2012, the Penny Pilot Program in options classes in certain issues (``Penny Pilot'' or ``Pilot''); and provide for or allow...

Rapid, Long-term Monitoring of CO2 Concentration and δ13CO2 at CCUS Sites Allows Discrimination of Leakage Patterns from Natural Background Values

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Galfond, B.; Riemer, D. D.; Swart, P. K.

2014-12-01

In order for Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) to gain wide acceptance as a method for mitigating atmospheric CO2 concentrations, schemes must be devised to ensure that potential leakage is detected. New regulations from the US Environmental Protection Agency require monitoring and accounting for Class VI injection wells, which will remain a barrier to wide scale CCUS deployment until effective and efficient monitoring techniques have been developed and proven. Monitoring near-surface CO2 at injection sites to ensure safety and operational success requires high temporal resolution CO2 concentration and carbon isotopic (δ13C) measurements. The only technologies currently capable of this rapid measurement of δ13C are optical techniques such as Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy (CRDS). We have developed a comprehensive remote monitoring approach using CRDS and a custom manifold system to obtain accurate rapid measurements from a large sample area over an extended study period. Our modified Picarro G1101-i CRDS allows for automated rapid and continuous field measurement of δ13CO2 and concentrations of relevant gas species. At our field site, where preparations have been underway for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) operations, we have been able to measure biogenic effects on a diurnal scale, as well as variation due to precipitation and seasonality. Taking these background trends into account, our statistical treatment of real data has been used to improve signal-to-noise ratios by an order of magnitude over published models. Our system has proven field readiness for the monitoring of sites with even modest CO2 fluxes.

FutureGen 2.0 Monitoring Program: An Overview of the Monitoring Approach and Technologies Selected for Implementation

DOE PAGES

Vermeul, Vince R.; Strickland, Chris E.; Thorne, Paul D.; ...

2014-12-31

The FutureGen 2.0 Project will design and build a first-of-its-kind, near-zero emissions coal-fueled power plant with carbon capture and storage (CCS). To assess storage site performance and meet the regulatory requirements of the Class VI Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program for CO2 Geologic Sequestration, the FutureGen 2.0 project will implement a suite of monitoring technologies designed to 1) evaluate CO2 mass balance and 2) detect any unforeseen loss in CO2 containment. The monitoring program will include direct monitoring of the injection stream and reservoir, and early-leak-detection monitoring directly above the primary confining zone. It will also implement an adaptive monitoringmore » strategy whereby monitoring results are continually evaluated and the monitoring network is modified as required, including the option to drill additional wells in out-years. Wells will be monitored for changes in CO2 concentration and formation pressure, and other geochemical/isotopic signatures that provide indication of CO2 or brine leakage. Indirect geophysical monitoring technologies that were selected for implementation include passive seismic, integrated surface deformation, time-lapse gravity, and pulsed neutron capture logging. Near-surface monitoring approaches that have been initiated include surficial aquifer and surface- water monitoring, soil-gas monitoring, atmospheric monitoring, and hyperspectral data acquisition for assessment of vegetation conditions. Initially, only the collection of baseline data sets is planned; the need for additional near- surface monitoring will be continually evaluated throughout the design and operational phases of the project, and selected approaches may be reinstituted if conditions warrant. Given the current conceptual understanding of the subsurface environment, early and appreciable impacts to near-surface environments are not expected.« less

Giant molecular cloud collisions as triggers of star formation. VI. Collision-induced turbulence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Benjamin; Tan, Jonathan C.; Nakamura, Fumitaka; Christie, Duncan; Li, Qi

2018-05-01

We investigate collisions between giant molecular clouds (GMCs) as potential generators of their internal turbulence. Using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of self-gravitating, magnetized, turbulent GMCs, we compare kinematic and dynamic properties of dense gas structures formed when such clouds collide compared to those that form in non-colliding clouds as self-gravity overwhelms decaying turbulence. We explore the nature of turbulence in these structures via distribution functions of density, velocity dispersions, virial parameters, and momentum injection. We find that the dense clumps formed from GMC collisions have higher effective Mach number, greater overall velocity dispersions, sustain near-virial equilibrium states for longer times, and are the conduit for the injection of turbulent momentum into high density gas at high rates.

Giant molecular cloud collisions as triggers of star formation. VI. Collision-induced turbulence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Benjamin; Tan, Jonathan C.; Nakamura, Fumitaka; Christie, Duncan; Li, Qi

2018-01-01

We investigate collisions between giant molecular clouds (GMCs) as potential generators of their internal turbulence. Using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of self-gravitating, magnetized, turbulent GMCs, we compare kinematic and dynamic properties of dense gas structures formed when such clouds collide compared to those that form in non-colliding clouds as self-gravity overwhelms decaying turbulence. We explore the nature of turbulence in these structures via distribution functions of density, velocity dispersions, virial parameters, and momentum injection. We find that the dense clumps formed from GMC collisions have higher effective Mach number, greater overall velocity dispersions, sustain near-virial equilibrium states for longer times, and are the conduit for the injection of turbulent momentum into high density gas at high rates.

Ceftazidime Injection

MedlinePlus

... skin, blood, bone, joint, female genital tract, and urinary tract infections. Ceftazidime injection is in a class of medications ... prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.

[Studies on a sequential injection renewable surface reflectance spectrophotometric system using a microchip flow cell].

PubMed

Wang, Jian-ya; Fang, Zhao-lun

2002-02-01

A microchip flow cell was developed for flow injection renewable surface assay by reflectance spectrophotometry. The flow cell was coupled to a sequential injection system and optical fiber photometric detection system. The flow cell featured a three-layer structure. The flow channel was cut into a silicone rubber membrance which formed the middle layer, and a porous filter was inlayed across a widened section of the channel to trap microbeads introduced into the flow cell. The area of the detection window of the flow cell was approximately 3.6 mm2, the volume of the bead trapped in the flow cell was 2.2 microL, the depth of the bead layer was 600 microns. A multistrand bifurcated optical fiber was coupled with incident light, detector and flow cell. The chromogenic reaction of Cr(VI) with 1,5-diphenylcarbohydrazide (DPC) which was adsorbed on trapped Polysorb C-18 beads was used as a model reaction to optimize the flow cell design and the experimental system. The reflectance of the renewable reaction surface was monitored at 540 nm. With 100 microL sample loaded and 1.0 mL.min-1 carrier flow rate, the linear response range was 0-0.6 microgram.mL-1 Cr(VI). A detection limit (3 sigma) of 6 ng.mL-1, precision of 1.5% RSD(n = 11), and a throughput of 64 samples per hour were achieved. Considerations in system and flow cell design, the influence of depth of the bead layer, weight of beads used, and the flow rates of carrier stream on the performance were discussed.

A Limited Microbial Consortium Is Responsible for Extended Bioreduction of Uranium in a Contaminated Aquifer ▿†

PubMed Central

Gihring, Thomas M.; Zhang, Gengxin; Brandt, Craig C.; Brooks, Scott C.; Campbell, James H.; Carroll, Susan; Criddle, Craig S.; Green, Stefan J.; Jardine, Phil; Kostka, Joel E.; Lowe, Kenneth; Mehlhorn, Tonia L.; Overholt, Will; Watson, David B.; Yang, Zamin; Wu, Wei-Min; Schadt, Christopher W.

2011-01-01

Subsurface amendments of slow-release substrates (e.g., emulsified vegetable oil [EVO]) are thought to be a pragmatic alternative to using short-lived, labile substrates for sustained uranium bioimmobilization within contaminated groundwater systems. Spatial and temporal dynamics of subsurface microbial communities during EVO amendment are unknown and likely differ significantly from those of populations stimulated by soluble substrates, such as ethanol and acetate. In this study, a one-time EVO injection resulted in decreased groundwater U concentrations that remained below initial levels for approximately 4 months. Pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR of 16S rRNA from monitoring well samples revealed a rapid decline in groundwater bacterial community richness and diversity after EVO injection, concurrent with increased 16S rRNA copy levels, indicating the selection of a narrow group of taxa rather than a broad community stimulation. Members of the Firmicutes family Veillonellaceae dominated after injection and most likely catalyzed the initial oil decomposition. Sulfate-reducing bacteria from the genus Desulforegula, known for long-chain fatty acid oxidation to acetate, also dominated after EVO amendment. Acetate and H2 production during EVO degradation appeared to stimulate NO3−, Fe(III), U(VI), and SO42− reduction by members of the Comamonadaceae, Geobacteriaceae, and Desulfobacterales. Methanogenic archaea flourished late to comprise over 25% of the total microbial community. Bacterial diversity rebounded after 9 months, although community compositions remained distinct from the preamendment conditions. These results demonstrated that a one-time EVO amendment served as an effective electron donor source for in situ U(VI) bioreduction and that subsurface EVO degradation and metal reduction were likely mediated by successive identifiable guilds of organisms. PMID:21764967

A limited microbial consortium is responsible for extended bioreduction of uranium in a contaminated aquifer.

PubMed

Gihring, Thomas M; Zhang, Gengxin; Brandt, Craig C; Brooks, Scott C; Campbell, James H; Carroll, Susan; Criddle, Craig S; Green, Stefan J; Jardine, Phil; Kostka, Joel E; Lowe, Kenneth; Mehlhorn, Tonia L; Overholt, Will; Watson, David B; Yang, Zamin; Wu, Wei-Min; Schadt, Christopher W

2011-09-01

Subsurface amendments of slow-release substrates (e.g., emulsified vegetable oil [EVO]) are thought to be a pragmatic alternative to using short-lived, labile substrates for sustained uranium bioimmobilization within contaminated groundwater systems. Spatial and temporal dynamics of subsurface microbial communities during EVO amendment are unknown and likely differ significantly from those of populations stimulated by soluble substrates, such as ethanol and acetate. In this study, a one-time EVO injection resulted in decreased groundwater U concentrations that remained below initial levels for approximately 4 months. Pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR of 16S rRNA from monitoring well samples revealed a rapid decline in groundwater bacterial community richness and diversity after EVO injection, concurrent with increased 16S rRNA copy levels, indicating the selection of a narrow group of taxa rather than a broad community stimulation. Members of the Firmicutes family Veillonellaceae dominated after injection and most likely catalyzed the initial oil decomposition. Sulfate-reducing bacteria from the genus Desulforegula, known for long-chain fatty acid oxidation to acetate, also dominated after EVO amendment. Acetate and H(2) production during EVO degradation appeared to stimulate NO(3)(-), Fe(III), U(VI), and SO(4)(2-) reduction by members of the Comamonadaceae, Geobacteriaceae, and Desulfobacterales. Methanogenic archaea flourished late to comprise over 25% of the total microbial community. Bacterial diversity rebounded after 9 months, although community compositions remained distinct from the preamendment conditions. These results demonstrated that a one-time EVO amendment served as an effective electron donor source for in situ U(VI) bioreduction and that subsurface EVO degradation and metal reduction were likely mediated by successive identifiable guilds of organisms.

Inhibiting PKMζ reveals dorsal lateral and dorsal medial striatum store the different memories needed to support adaptive behavior.

PubMed

Pauli, Wolfgang M; Clark, Alexandra D; Guenther, Heidi J; O'Reilly, Randall C; Rudy, Jerry W

2012-06-20

Evidence suggests that two regions of the striatum contribute differential support to instrumental response selection. The dorsomedial striatum (DMS) is thought to support expectancy-mediated actions, and the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) is thought to support habits. Currently it is unclear whether these regions store task-relevant information or just coordinate the learning and retention of these solutions by other brain regions. To address this issue, we developed a two-lever concurrent variable-interval reinforcement operant conditioning task and used it to assess the trained rat's sensitivity to contingency shifts. Consistent with the view that these two regions make different contributions to actions and habits, injecting the NMDA antagonist DL-AP5 into the DMS just prior to the shift impaired the rat's performance but enhanced performance when injected into the DLS. To determine if these regions support memory content, we first trained rats on a biased concurrent schedule (Lever 1: VI 40" and Lever 2: VI 10"). With the intent of "erasing" the memory content stored in striatum, after this training we inhibited the putative memory-maintenance protein kinase C isozyme protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ). Infusing zeta inhibitory peptide (ZIP) into the DLS enhanced the rat's ability to adapt to the contingency shift 2 d later, whereas injecting it into the DMS had the opposite effect. Infusing GluR2(3Y) into the DMS 1 h before ZIP infusions prevented ZIP from impairing the rat's sensitivity to the contingency shift. These results support the hypothesis that the DMS stores information needed to support actions and the DLS stores information needed to support habits.

Miniaturizing and automation of free acidity measurements for uranium (VI)-HNO3 solutions: Development of a new sequential injection analysis for a sustainable radio-analytical chemistry.

PubMed

Néri-Quiroz, José; Canto, Fabrice; Guillerme, Laurent; Couston, Laurent; Magnaldo, Alastair; Dugas, Vincent

2016-10-01

A miniaturized and automated approach for the determination of free acidity in solutions containing uranium (VI) is presented. The measurement technique is based on the concept of sequential injection analysis with on-line spectroscopic detection. The proposed methodology relies on the complexation and alkalimetric titration of nitric acid using a pH 5.6 sodium oxalate solution. The titration process is followed by UV/VIS detection at 650nm thanks to addition of Congo red as universal pH indicator. Mixing sequence as well as method validity was investigated by numerical simulation. This new analytical design allows fast (2.3min), reliable and accurate free acidity determination of low volume samples (10µL) containing uranium/[H(+)] moles ratio of 1:3 with relative standard deviation of <7.0% (n=11). The linearity range of the free nitric acid measurement is excellent up to 2.77molL(-1) with a correlation coefficient (R(2)) of 0.995. The method is specific, presence of actinide ions up to 0.54molL(-1) does not interfere on the determination of free nitric acid. In addition to automation, the developed sequential injection analysis method greatly improves the standard off-line oxalate complexation and alkalimetric titration method by reducing thousand fold the required sample volume, forty times the nuclear waste per analysis as well as the analysis time by eight fold. These analytical parameters are important especially in nuclear-related applications to improve laboratory safety, personnel exposure to radioactive samples and to drastically reduce environmental impacts or analytical radioactive waste. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 144.55 - Corrective action.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... the case of Class II wells operating over the fracture pressure of the injection formation, all known wells within the area of review penetrating formations affected by the increase in pressure. For such... injection until all required corrective action has been taken. (3) Injection pressure limitation. The...

40 CFR 144.55 - Corrective action.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... the case of Class II wells operating over the fracture pressure of the injection formation, all known wells within the area of review penetrating formations affected by the increase in pressure. For such... injection until all required corrective action has been taken. (3) Injection pressure limitation. The...

40 CFR 144.55 - Corrective action.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... the case of Class II wells operating over the fracture pressure of the injection formation, all known wells within the area of review penetrating formations affected by the increase in pressure. For such... injection until all required corrective action has been taken. (3) Injection pressure limitation. The...

40 CFR 144.55 - Corrective action.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the case of Class II wells operating over the fracture pressure of the injection formation, all known wells within the area of review penetrating formations affected by the increase in pressure. For such... injection until all required corrective action has been taken. (3) Injection pressure limitation. The...

Ceftaroline Injection

MedlinePlus

... infections and pneumonia (lung infection) caused by certain bacteria. Ceftaroline is in a class of medications called cephalosporin antibiotics. It works by killing bacteria.Antibiotics such as ceftaroline injection will not work ...

Vancomycin Injection

MedlinePlus

... is in a class of medications called glycopeptide antibiotics. It works by killing bacteria that cause infections.Antibiotics such as vancomycin injection will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections. Taking ...

METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE MECHANICAL INTEGRITY OF CLASS II INJECTION WELLS

EPA Science Inventory

The mechanical integrity of injection wells must be determined to insure that there is no significant leak in the casing, tubing or packer, and that there is no significant fluid movement through vertical channels adjacent to the injection well. Methods for mechanical integrity t...

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF 68 POLAR COMPOUNDS FROM TEN CHEMICAL CLASSES BY DIRECT AQUEOUS INJECTION GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

EPA Science Inventory

Porous polymer packings have been used successfully in many applications of direct aqueous injection gas chromatography. The authors have expanded the use of aqueous injection to the quantitative analysis of 68 alcohols, acetates, ketones, ethers, sulfides, aldehydes, diols, dion...

40 CFR 144.66 - State assumption of responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM Financial Responsibility: Class I Hazardous Waste Injection Wells § 144.66 State assumption of responsibility. (a) If a State either assumes legal...

Tedizolid Injection

MedlinePlus

... treat skin infections caused by certain types of bacteria. Tedizolid is in a class of medications called ... antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.Antibiotics such as tedizolid injection will not work ...

Oxacillin Injection

MedlinePlus

... injection is in a class of medications called penicillins. It works by killing bacteria.Antibiotics such as ... and pharmacist if you are allergic to oxacillin; penicillins; cephalosporin antibiotics such as cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefazolin, cefdinir, ...

Nafcillin Injection

MedlinePlus

... injection is in a class of medications called penicillins. It works by killing bacteria.Antibiotics such as ... and pharmacist if you are allergic to nafcillin; penicillins; cephalosporin antibiotics such as cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefazolin, cefdinir, ...

Ampicillin Injection

MedlinePlus

... injection is in a class of medications called penicillins. It works by killing bacteria.Antibiotics such as ... and pharmacist if you are allergic to ampicillin; penicillins; cephalosporin antibiotics such as cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefazolin (Ancef, ...

Drain current enhancement induced by hole injection from gate of 600-V-class normally off gate injection transistor under high temperature conditions up to 200 °C

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ishii, Hajime; Ueno, Hiroaki; Ueda, Tetsuzo; Endoh, Tetsuo

2018-06-01

In this paper, the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of a 600-V-class normally off GaN gate injection transistor (GIT) from 25 to 200 °C are analyzed, and it is revealed that the drain current of the GIT increases during high-temperature operation. It is found that the maximum drain current (I dmax) of the GIT is 86% higher than that of a conventional 600-V-class normally off GaN metal insulator semiconductor hetero-FET (MIS-HFET) at 150 °C, whereas the GIT obtains 56% I dmax even at 200 °C. Moreover, the mechanism of the drain current increase of the GIT is clarified by examining the relationship between the temperature dependence of the I–V characteristics of the GIT and the gate hole injection effect determined from the shift of the second transconductance (g m) peak of the g m–V g characteristic. From the above, the GIT is a promising device with enough drivability for future power switching applications even under high-temperature conditions.

In situ mobility of uranium in the presence of nitrate following sulfate-reducing conditions.

PubMed

Paradis, Charles J; Jagadamma, Sindhu; Watson, David B; McKay, Larry D; Hazen, Terry C; Park, Melora; Istok, Jonathan D

2016-04-01

Reoxidation and mobilization of previously reduced and immobilized uranium by dissolved-phase oxidants poses a significant challenge for remediating uranium-contaminated groundwater. Preferential oxidation of reduced sulfur-bearing species, as opposed to reduced uranium-bearing species, has been demonstrated to limit the mobility of uranium at the laboratory scale yet field-scale investigations are lacking. In this study, the mobility of uranium in the presence of nitrate oxidant was investigated in a shallow groundwater system after establishing conditions conducive to uranium reduction and the formation of reduced sulfur-bearing species. A series of three injections of groundwater (200 L) containing U(VI) (5 μM) and amended with ethanol (40 mM) and sulfate (20 mM) were conducted in ten test wells in order to stimulate microbial-mediated reduction of uranium and the formation of reduced sulfur-bearing species. Simultaneous push-pull tests were then conducted in triplicate well clusters to investigate the mobility of U(VI) under three conditions: 1) high nitrate (120 mM), 2) high nitrate (120 mM) with ethanol (30 mM), and 3) low nitrate (2 mM) with ethanol (30 mM). Dilution-adjusted breakthrough curves of ethanol, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, and U(VI) suggested that nitrate reduction was predominantly coupled to the oxidation of reduced-sulfur bearing species, as opposed to the reoxidation of U(IV), under all three conditions for the duration of the 36-day tests. The amount of sulfate, but not U(VI), recovered during the push-pull tests was substantially more than injected, relative to bromide tracer, under all three conditions and further suggested that reduced sulfur-bearing species were preferentially oxidized under nitrate-reducing conditions. However, some reoxidation of U(IV) was observed under nitrate-reducing conditions and in the absence of detectable nitrate and/or nitrite. This suggested that reduced sulfur-bearing species may not be fully effective at limiting the mobility of uranium in the presence of dissolved and/or solid-phase oxidants. The results of this field study confirmed those of previous laboratory studies which suggested that reoxidation of uranium under nitrate-reducing conditions can be substantially limited by preferential oxidation of reduced sulfur-bearing species. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

In situ mobility of uranium in the presence of nitrate following sulfate-reducing conditions

DOE PAGES

Paradis, Charles J.; Jagadamma, Sindhu; Watson, David B.; ...

2016-02-11

Reoxidation and mobilization of previously reduced and immobilized uranium by dissolved phase oxidants poses a significant challenge for remediating uranium-contaminated groundwater. Preferential oxidation of reduced sulfur-bearing species, as opposed to reduced uranium bearing species, has been demonstrated to limit the mobility of uranium at the laboratory scale yet field-scale investigations are lacking. Here in this study, the mobility of uranium in the presence of nitrate oxidant was investigated in a shallow groundwater system after establishing conditions conducive to uranium reduction and the formation of reduced sulfur-bearing species. A series of three injections of groundwater (200 L) containing U(VI) (5 μM)more » and amended with ethanol (40 mM) and sulfate (20 mM) were conducted in ten test wells in order to stimulate microbial mediated reduction of uranium and the formation of reduced sulfur-bearing species. Simultaneous push-pull tests were then conducted in triplicate well clusters to investigate the mobility of U(VI) under three conditions: 1) high nitrate (120 mM), 2) high nitrate (120 mM) with ethanol (30 mM), and 3) low nitrate (2 mM) with ethanol (30 mM). Dilution-adjusted breakthrough curves of ethanol, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, and U(VI) suggested that nitrate reduction was predominantly coupled to the oxidation of reduced-sulfur bearing species, as opposed to the reoxidation of U(IV), under all three conditions for the duration of the 36-day tests. The amount of sulfate, but not U(VI), recovered during the push-pull tests was substantially more than injected, relative to bromide tracer, under all three conditions and further suggested that reduced sulfur-bearing species were preferentially oxidized under nitrate-reducing conditions. However, some reoxidation of U(IV) was observed under nitrate-reducing conditions and in the absence of detectable nitrate and/or nitrite. This suggested that reduced sulfur-bearing species may not be fully effective at limiting the mobility of uranium in the presence of dissolved and/or solid-phase oxidants. Lastly, the results of this field study confirmed those of previous laboratory studies which suggested that reoxidation of uranium under nitrate-reducing conditions can be substantially limited by preferential oxidation of reduced sulfur-bearing species.« less

An evaluation of time-series MODIS 250-meter vegetation index data for crop mapping in the United States Central Great Plains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wardlow, Brian Douglas

The objectives of this research were to: (1) investigate time-series MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) 250-meter EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index) and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) data for regional-scale crop-related land use/land cover characterization in the U.S. Central Great Plains and (2) develop and test a MODIS-based crop mapping protocol. A pixel-level analysis of the time-series MODIS 250-m VIs for 2,000+ field sites across Kansas found that unique spectral-temporal signatures were detected for the region's major crop types, consistent with the crops' phenology. Intra-class variations were detected in VI data associated with different land use practices, climatic conditions, and planting dates for the crops. The VIs depicted similar seasonal variations and were highly correlated. A pilot study in southwest Kansas found that accurate and detailed cropping patterns could be mapped using the MODIS 250-m VI data. Overall and class-specific accuracies were generally greater than 90% for mapping crop/non-crop, general crops (alfalfa, summer crops, winter wheat, and fallow), summer crops (corn, sorghum, and soybeans), and irrigated/non-irrigated crops using either VI dataset. The classified crop areas also had a high level of agreement (<5% difference) with the USDA reported crop areas. Both VIs produced comparable crop maps with only a 1-2% difference between their classification accuracies and a high level of pixel-level agreement (>90%) between their classified crop patterns. This hierarchical crop mapping protocol was tested for Kansas and produced similar classification results over a larger and more diverse area. Overall and class-specific accuracies were typically between 85% and 95% for the crop maps. At the state level, the maps had a high level of areal agreement (<5% difference) with the USDA crop area figures and their classified patterns were consistent with the state's cropping practices. In general, the protocol's performance was relatively consistent across the state's range of environmental conditions, landscape patterns, and cropping practices. The largest areal differences occurred in eastern Kansas due to the omission of many small cropland areas that were not resolvable at MODIS' 250-m resolution. Notable regional deviations in classified areas also occurred for selected classes due to localized precipitation patterns and specific cropping practices.

Effect of Constructivist Based Training on Learning and Teaching: An Experiment in Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pandey, Laxmi; Ameta, Devendra

2017-01-01

The aim of the study was to study the effect of constructive based training approach on teachers' attitude and students' achievement. The study comprised 80 students of class VI from Nagar Palika Girls Middle School Balmiki Basti New Delhi and Nagar Palika Girls Sr. Sec. School, Havelock Square, New Delhi. A quasi experimental pre-test and…

Modulation of hexavalent chromium-induced genotoxic damage in peripheral blood of mice by epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and its relationship to the apoptotic activity.

PubMed

García-Rodríguez, María Del Carmen; Montaño-Rodríguez, Ana Rosa; Altamirano-Lozano, Mario Agustín

2016-01-01

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between modulation of genotoxic damage and apoptotic activity in Hsd:ICR male mice treated with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]. Four groups of 5 mice each were treated with (i) control vehicle only, (ii) EGCG (10 mg/kg) by gavage, (iii) Cr(VI) (20 mg/kg of CrO3) intraperitoneally (ip), and (iv) EGCG in addition to CrO3 (EGCG-CrO3). Genotoxic damage was evaluated by examining presence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCE) obtained from peripheral blood of the caudal vein at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. Induction of apoptosis and cell viability were assessed by differential acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. EGCG treatment produced no significant changes in frequency of MN-PCE. However, CrO3 treatment significantly increased number of MN-PCE at 24 and 48 h post injection. Treatment with EGCG prior to CrO3 injection decreased number of MN-PCE compared to CrO3 alone. The MN-PCE reduction was greater than when EGCG was administered ip. The frequency of early apoptotic cells was elevated at 48 h following EGCG, CrO3, or EGCG-CrO3 exposure, with highest levels observed in the combined treatment group, while the frequencies of late apoptotic cells and necrotic cells were increased only in EGCG-CrO3 exposure. Our findings support the view that EGCG is protective against genotoxic damage induced by Cr(VI) and that apoptosis may contribute to elimination of DNA-damaged cells (MN-PCE) when EGCG was administered prior to CrO3. Further, it was found that the route of administration of EGCG plays an important role in protection against CrO3-induced genotoxic damage.

Velocity Structure and Plasma Properties in Halo CMEs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wagner, William (Technical Monitor); Raymond, John C.

2003-01-01

We have identified a set of 23 Halo CMEs through July 2002 and 21 Partial Halo CMEs from the LASCO Halo CME Mail Archive for which Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) spectra exist. For each event we have collected basic information such as the event speed, whether or not UVCS caught the bright front, lines detected, Doppler shift and associated flare class. We have also obtained excellent observations of some of the spectacular events in November 2003, and we have made theoretical calculations pertaining to CME expansion at the heights observed by UVCS. We first analyzed the halo CMEs on 21 April and 24 August 2002 and the partial halo on 23 July 2002, because the X-class flares associated with these CMEs were extensively observed by RHESSI and other instruments as part of the MAX MILLENIUM campaign. These very fast CMEs showed extremely violent disruption of the pre-CME streamers, little or no cool prominence material, and the unusual (for UVCS heights) hot emission line [Fe XVIII]. Results, including a discussion of the current sheet interpretation for the [Fe XVIII] emission, are published in Raymond et al. and presented at the Fall 2002 AGU meeting and the solar physics summer school in L'Aquila, Italy. We are currently preparing two papers on the Dec. 28, 2000 partial halo event. This event was chosen to take advantage of the SEP event measured by WIND and ACE, and because a Type II radio burst coincides with the time that broad, blue-shifted O VI emission appeared in the UVCS spectra. One paper deals with a new density and velocity diagnostic for very fast CMEs; pumping of O VI lambda 1032 by Ly beta and pumping of O VI lambda 1038 by O VI lambda 1032. The other discusses physics of the shock wave and association with the SEP event. In the coming year we plan to expand the list of Halo and Partial Halo events observed by UVCS through the end of 2003. We will look at those events as a class to search for correlation between UV spectral characteristics and other CME and flare parameters. We will also choose several events for more detailed study, probably including the November 2003 events. We expect to support extended visits to CfA by S. Mancuso and A. Ciaravella. In the past year the grant covered some salary support for members of the SAO UVCS team and a 1 month visit to CfA by Angela Ciaravella, along with trips to meetings by J. Lin and J. Raymond and page charges for two papers.

77 FR 52717 - Underground Injection Control Program; Hazardous Waste Injection Restrictions; Petition for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-30

... Chemical Company, Waggaman, LA AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice of a final... Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, has been granted to Cornerstone for four Class I injection wells located at Waggaman, Louisiana. The company has adequately demonstrated to the satisfaction of the...

Nonisovalent Si-III-V and Si-II-VI alloys: Covalent, ionic, and mixed phases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kang, Joongoo; Park, Ji-Sang; Stradins, Pauls; Wei, Su-Huai

2017-07-01

Nonequilibrium growth of Si-III-V or Si-II-VI alloys is a promising approach to obtaining optically more active Si-based materials. We propose a new class of nonisovalent S i2AlP (or S i2ZnS ) alloys in which the Al-P (or Zn-S) atomic chains are as densely packed as possible in the host Si matrix. As a hybrid of the lattice-matched parent phases, S i2AlP (or S i2ZnS ) provides an ideal material system with tunable local chemical orders around Si atoms within the same composition and structural motif. Here, using first-principles hybrid functional calculations, we discuss how the local chemical orders affect the electronic and optical properties of the nonisovalent alloys.

Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum Injection

MedlinePlus

Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum injection is used to treat Dupuytren's contracture (a painless thickening and tightening of tissue [ ... class of medications called enzymes. In people with Dupuytren's contracture, it works by helping to break down ...

Doxercalciferol Injection

MedlinePlus

... injection is in a class of medications called vitamin D analogs. It works by helping the body to ... thiazide diuretics (''water pills''), or other forms of vitamin D. You and your caregiver should know that many ...

Tisagenlecleucel Injection

MedlinePlus

... that has returned or is unresponsive to other treatment(s). Tisagenlecleucel injection is in a class of medications ... scheduled cell collection appointment(s) or to receive your treatment dose. You should plan to stay within 2 ...

Penicillin G Benzathine Injection

MedlinePlus

... to treat and prevent certain infections caused by bacteria. Penicillin G benzathine injection is in a class of antibiotics called penicillins. It works by killing bacteria that cause infections.Antibiotics such as penicillin G ...

40 CFR 147.3400 - Navajo Indian lands-Class II wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Navajo Indian lands-Class II wells... Indian Lands § 147.3400 Navajo Indian lands—Class II wells. The UIC program for Class II injection wells... outside those exterior boundaries (collectively referred to as “Navajo Indian lands for which EPA has...

GIS/RS-based Rapid Reassessment for Slope Land Capability Classification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, T. Y.; Chompuchan, C.

2014-12-01

Farmland resources in Taiwan are limited because about 73% is mountainous and slope land. Moreover, the rapid urbanization and dense population resulted in the highly developed flat area. Therefore, the utilization of slope land for agriculture is more needed. In 1976, "Slope Land Conservation and Utilization Act" was promulgated to regulate the slope land utilization. Consequently, slope land capability was categorized into Class I-IV according to 4 criteria, i.e., average land slope, effective soil depth, degree of soil erosion, and parent rock. The slope land capability Class I-VI are suitable for cultivation and pasture. Whereas, Class V should be used for forestry purpose and Class VI should be the conservation land which requires intensive conservation practices. The field survey was conducted to categorize each land unit as the classification scheme. The landowners may not allow to overuse land capability limitation. In the last decade, typhoons and landslides frequently devastated in Taiwan. The rapid post-disaster reassessment of the slope land capability classification is necessary. However, the large-scale disaster on slope land is the constraint of field investigation. This study focused on using satellite remote sensing and GIS as the rapid re-evaluation method. Chenyulan watershed in Nantou County, Taiwan was selected to be a case study area. Grid-based slope derivation, topographic wetness index (TWI) and USLE soil loss calculation were used to classify slope land capability. The results showed that GIS-based classification give an overall accuracy of 68.32%. In addition, the post-disaster areas of Typhoon Morakot in 2009, which interpreted by SPOT satellite imageries, were suggested to classify as the conservation lands. These tools perform better in the large coverage post-disaster update for slope land capability classification and reduce time-consuming, manpower and material resources to the field investigation.

Quinupristin and Dalfopristin Injection

MedlinePlus

... are in a class of medications called streptogramin antibiotics. They work by killing bacteria that cause infections.Antibiotics such as quinupristin and dalfopristin injection will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections. Taking ...

40 CFR 144.65 - Use of State-required mechanisms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM Financial Responsibility: Class I Hazardous Waste Injection Wells § 144.65 Use of State-required mechanisms. (a) For a facility located in a State...

Contrast-enhanced power Doppler endosonography and pathological assessment of vascularization in advanced gastric carcinomas--a feasibility study.

PubMed

Iordache, Sevastiţa; Filip, Maria-Monalisa; Georgescu, Claudia-Valentina; Angelescu, Cristina; Ciurea, Tudorel; Săftoiu, Adrian

2012-06-01

Besides representing angiogenesis markers, microvascular density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are two important tools for the assessment of prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. The aim of our study was to assess the Doppler parameters (resistivity and pulsatility indexes) and vascularity index (VI) calculated by contrast-enhanced power Doppler endoscopic ultrasound (CEPD-EUS) in correlation with the expression of intra-tumoral MVD and VEGF in patients with gastric cancer. The study included 20 consecutive patients with advanced gastric carcinoma, but without distant metastasis at initial assessment. All the patients were assessed by contrast-enhanced power Doppler endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) combined with pulsed Doppler examinations in the late venous phase. The vascularity index (VI) was calculated before and after injection of second generation microbubble contrast specific agent (SonoVue 2.4 mL), used as a Doppler signal enhancer. Moreover, pulsed Doppler parameters (resistivity and pulsatility indexes) were further calculated. The correlation between power Doppler parameters and pathological/molecular parameters (MVD assessed through immunohistochemistry with CD31 and CD34, as well as VEGF assessed through real-time PCR) was assessed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used for the assessment of prognosis. Significantly statistical correlations were found between post-contrast VI and CD34 (p=0.0226), VEGF (p=0.0231), VEGF-A (p=0.0464) and VEGF-B (p=0.0022) while pre-contrast VI was correlated only with CD34 expression. Pulsatility index and resistivity index were not correlated with MVD or VEGF expression. Survival analysis demonstrated that VEGF-A is an accurate parameter for survival rate (p=0.045), as compared to VEGF (p=0.085) and VEGF-B (p=0.230). We did not find any correlation between the survival rate and ultrasound parameters (RI, PI, pre-contrast VI or post-contrast VI). Assessment of tumor vascularity using contrast-enhanced EUS, including analysis of spectral Doppler parameters is possible and feasible in gastric cancer patients. A correlation between measured EUS vascularity and pathological parameters of angiogenesis (MVD and VEGF expression) was found.

A LabVIEW®-based software for the control of the AUTORAD platform: a fully automated multisequential flow injection analysis Lab-on-Valve (MSFIA-LOV) system for radiochemical analysis.

PubMed

Barbesi, Donato; Vicente Vilas, Víctor; Millet, Sylvain; Sandow, Miguel; Colle, Jean-Yves; Aldave de Las Heras, Laura

2017-01-01

A LabVIEW ® -based software for the control of the fully automated multi-sequential flow injection analysis Lab-on-Valve (MSFIA-LOV) platform AutoRAD performing radiochemical analysis is described. The analytical platform interfaces an Arduino ® -based device triggering multiple detectors providing a flexible and fit for purpose choice of detection systems. The different analytical devices are interfaced to the PC running LabVIEW ® VI software using USB and RS232 interfaces, both for sending commands and receiving confirmation or error responses. The AUTORAD platform has been successfully applied for the chemical separation and determination of Sr, an important fission product pertinent to nuclear waste.

Busulfan Injection

MedlinePlus

... marrow and cancer cells in preparation for a bone marrow transplant. Busulfan is in a class of medications called ... days (for a total of 16 doses) before bone marrow transplant.Busulfan injection may cause seizures during therapy with ...

Acetaminophen Injection

MedlinePlus

... narcotic) medications to relieve moderate to severe pain. Acetaminophen is in a class of medications called analgesics (pain ... Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about acetaminophen injection.It is important for you to keep a written list ...

Myocardial ischemia during intravenous DSA in patients with cardiac disease

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hesselink, J.R.; Hayman, L.A.; Chung, K.J.

1984-12-01

A prospective study was performed for 48 patients who had histories of angina and were referred for digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Cardiac disease was graded according to the American Heart Association (AHA) functional classification system. Each patient received 2-5 injections of 40-ml diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium at 15 ml per second in the superior vena cava. Of the 28 patients in functional Classes I or II, 11% had angina and 32% had definite ischemic ECG changes after the DSA injections. Of the patients in functional Class III 63% had angina, and 58% had definite ischemic ECG changes after themore » injections. These observed cardiac effects following bolus injections of hypertonic ionic contrast media indicate that special precautions are necessary when performing intravenous DSA examinations on this group of high risk patients.« less

Estimate for interstage water injection in air compressor incorporated into gas-turbine cycles and combined power plants cycles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kler, A. M.; Zakharov, Yu. B.; Potanina, Yu. M.

2017-05-01

The objects of study are the gas turbine (GT) plant and combined cycle power plant (CCPP) with opportunity for injection between the stages of air compressor. The objective of this paper is technical and economy optimization calculations for these classes of plants with water interstage injection. The integrated development environment "System of machine building program" was a tool for creating the mathematic models for these classes of power plants. Optimization calculations with the criterion of minimum for specific capital investment as a function of the unit efficiency have been carried out. For a gas-turbine plant, the economic gain from water injection exists for entire range of power efficiency. For the combined cycle plant, the economic benefit was observed only for a certain range of plant's power efficiency.

II-VI Semiconductor Superlattices

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-12-01

N. Otsuka, H. icon, J. Ding, and A.V. Nurmikko, " Blue /Green Injection Lasers and Light Emitting Diodes" J. Vac. Sci. Technology B, 10(2) March/April...34Indium tin oxide as transparent electrode material for ZnSe-based blue quantum well light emitters" AppI. Phys. Lett. 60(23) 8 June 1992, p. 2825...characteristics of this contact scheme have been demon- strated tI)gether with their use Jn both blue ,/groen light lip emitting diodes and diode laser:- The

The Molecular Anatomy of PFDA Hepatotoxicity as Studied by Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-02-26

indicators of cell injury and dysfunction. The compound chosen initially, perfluoro -n-decanoic acid ( PFDA ), is a ten carbon straight-chain perfluorinated ...following: 2mg, 20mg or 50mg PFDA /kg body weight; single injection; animals sacrificed on day 8 of exposure 150mg PFOA /kg ( perfluorooctanoate , PFDA’s...from the following treatments: (I) control; (II) 50mg/kg PFDA ; (III) 100mg/kg PFOA ; and (IV) 400mg/kg clofibrate. Panels V and VI are nitrocellulose

Correlation between hypersensitivity to parenteral chymopapain and the presence of IgE anti-chymopapain antibody.

PubMed Central

Kapsalis, A A; Stern, I J; Bornstein, I

1978-01-01

A solid phase radioimmunoassay, similar to the RAST, was developed in an attempt to predict anaphylactic reactions in patients injected with the proteolytic enzyme chymopapain, used in therapy for prolapsed intervertebral disc. The test measured the serum content of anti-chymopapain antibodies of the IgE class. Of 1263 patients tested, twelve gave anaphylactic reactions. The test was predictive for seven of them (58%), while sixty were false positives. Measurements were also made of anti-chymopapain IgE or other classes of antibodies which developed in the sera of patients after chymopapain injection. The presence of antibodies to chymopapain in individuals who had not been injected was also demonstrated. PMID:709910

Use of a tibial accelerometer to measure ground reaction force in running: A reliability and validity comparison with force plates.

PubMed

Raper, Damian P; Witchalls, Jeremy; Philips, Elissa J; Knight, Emma; Drew, Michael K; Waddington, Gordon

2018-01-01

The use of microsensor technologies to conduct research and implement interventions in sports and exercise medicine has increased recently. The objective of this paper was to determine the validity and reliability of the ViPerform as a measure of load compared to vertical ground reaction force (GRF) as measured by force plates. Absolute reliability assessment, with concurrent validity. 10 professional triathletes ran 10 trials over force plates with the ViPerform mounted on the mid portion of the medial tibia. Calculated vertical ground reaction force data from the ViPerform was matched to the same stride on the force plate. Bland-Altman (BA) plot of comparative measure of agreement was used to assess the relationship between the calculated load from the accelerometer and the force plates. Reliability was calculated by intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals. BA plot indicates minimal agreement between the measures derived from the force plate and ViPerform, with variation at an individual participant plot level. Reliability was excellent (ICC=0.877; 95% CI=0.825-0.917) in calculating the same vertical GRF in a repeated trial. Standard error of measure (SEM) equalled 99.83 units (95% CI=82.10-119.09), which, in turn, gave a minimum detectable change (MDC) value of 276.72 units (95% CI=227.32-330.07). The ViPerform does not calculate absolute values of vertical GRF similar to those measured by a force plate. It does provide a valid and reliable calculation of an athlete's lower limb load at constant velocity. Copyright © 2017 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Factors associated with patterns of mobile technology use among persons who inject drugs.

PubMed

Collins, Kelly M; Armenta, Richard F; Cuevas-Mota, Jazmine; Liu, Lin; Strathdee, Steffanie A; Garfein, Richard S

2016-01-01

New and innovative methods of delivering interventions are needed to further reduce risky behaviors and increase overall health among persons who inject drugs (PWID). Mobile health (mHealth) interventions have potential for reaching PWID; however, little is known about mobile technology use (MTU) in this population. In this study, the authors identify patterns of MTU and identified factors associated with MTU among a cohort of PWID. Data were collected through a longitudinal cohort study examining drug use, risk behaviors, and health status among PWID in San Diego, California. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to define patterns of MTU (i.e., making voice calls, text messaging, and mobile Internet access). Multinomial logistic regression was then used to identify demographic characteristics, risk behaviors, and health indicators associated with mobile technology use class. In LCA, a 4-class solution fit the data best. Class 1 was defined by low MTU (22%, n = 100); class 2, by PWID who accessed the Internet using a mobile device but did not use voice or text messaging (20%, n = 95); class 3, by primarily voice, text, and connected Internet use (17%, n = 91); and class 4, by high MTU (41%, n = 175). Compared with low MTU, high MTU class members were more likely to be younger, have higher socioeconomic status, sell drugs, and inject methamphetamine daily. The majority of PWID in San Diego use mobile technology for voice, text, and/or Internet access, indicating that rapid uptake of mHealth interventions may be possible in this population. However, low ownership and use of mobile technology among older and/or homeless individuals will need to be considered when implementing mHealth interventions among PWID.

Patterns of harm reduction service utilization and HIV incidence among people who inject drugs in Ukraine: A two-part latent profile analysis.

PubMed

Ompad, Danielle C; Wang, Jiayu; Dumchev, Konstantin; Barska, Julia; Samko, Maria; Zeziulin, Oleksandr; Saliuk, Tetiana; Varetska, Olga; DeHovitz, Jack

2017-05-01

Program utilization patterns are described within a large network of harm reduction service providers in Ukraine. The relationship between utilization patterns and HIV incidence is determined among people who inject drugs (PWID) controlling for oblast-level HIV incidence and treatment/syringe coverage. Data were extracted from the network's monitoring and evaluation database (January 2011-September 2014, n=327,758 clients). Latent profile analysis was used to determine harm reduction utilization patterns using the number of HIV tests received annually and the number of condoms, syringes, and services (i.e., information and counseling sessions) received monthly over a year. Cox proportional hazards regression determined the relations between HIV seroconversion and utilization class membership. In the final 4-class model, class 1 (34.0% of clients) received 0.1 HIV tests, 1.3 syringes, 0.6 condom and minimal counseling and information sessions per month; class 2 (33.6%) received 8.6 syringes, 3.2 condoms, and 0.5 HIV tests and counseling and information sessions; class 3 (19.1%) received 1 HIV test, 11.9 syringes, 4.3 condoms, and 0.7 information and counseling sessions; class 4 (13.3%) received 1 HIV test, 26.1 syringes, 10.3 condoms, and 1.8 information and 1.9 counseling sessions. Class 4 clients had significantly decreased risk for HIV seroconversion as compared to those in class 1 after controlling for oblast-level characteristics. Injection drug use continues to be a major mode of HIV transmission in Ukraine, making evaluation of harm reduction efforts in reducing HIV incidence among PWID critical. These analyses suggest that receiving more syringes and condoms decreased risk of HIV. Scaling up HIV testing and harm reduction services is warranted. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Nonisovalent Si-III-V and Si-II-VI alloys: Covalent, ionic, and mixed phases

DOE PAGES

Kang, Joongoo; Park, Ji -Sang; Stradins, Pauls; ...

2017-07-13

In this paper, nonequilibrium growth of Si-III-V or Si-II-VI alloys is a promising approach to obtaining optically more active Si-based materials. We propose a new class of nonisovalent Si 2AlP (or Si 2ZnS) alloys in which the Al-P (or Zn-S) atomic chains are as densely packed as possible in the host Si matrix. As a hybrid of the lattice-matched parent phases, Si2AlP (or Si2ZnS) provides an ideal material system with tunable local chemical orders around Si atoms within the same composition and structural motif. Here, using first-principles hybrid functional calculations, we discuss how the local chemical orders affect the electronicmore » and optical properties of the nonisovalent alloys.« less

Intrathecal oxotremorine affects formalin-induced behavior and spinal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in rats.

PubMed

Przewlocka, B; Mika, J; Capone, F; Machelska, H; Pavone, F

1999-03-01

The present research was undertaken to investigate, by behavioral and immunohistochemical methods, the effects of intrathecal (i.th.) injection of the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine on the response to the long-lasting nociceptive stimulus induced by injection of formalin into the rat hind paw. Formalin injection induced a biphasic, pain-induced behavioral response (paw jerks), as well as an increase in the number of nitric oxide (NO) synthase-labeled neurons in laminae I-III, IV, and X, but not in laminae V-VI. Oxotremorine (0.1-10 ng, i.th.) inhibited paw-jerk frequency in both phases of formalin-induced behavior. The immunohistochemical results showed that i.th.-injected oxotremorine differently affected the level of NO synthase in lumbar part of the spinal cord: no change or increase after the dose of 1 ng, and a significant reduction of nitric oxide synthase neurons after the higher dose (10 ng). These results evidenced a role of cholinergic system in the modulation of tonic pain and in nitric oxide synthase expression at the spinal cord level, which further suggests that these two systems could be involved in phenomena induced by long-lasting nociceptive stimulation.

40 CFR 147.1600 - State-administered program-Class II wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS New Mexico § 147.1600 State-administered program—Class II wells. The UIC program for Class II wells in the State of New Mexico, except for those on Indian lands, is the program administered by the New...

40 CFR 147.3006 - Injection pressure for existing Class II wells authorized by rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Lands of the Navajo, Ute Mountain Ute, and All Other New Mexico Tribes § 147.3006...

An experimental and modeling study of grain-scale uranium desorption from field-contaminated sediments and the potential influence of microporosity on mass-transfer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stoliker, D.; Liu, C.; Kent, D. B.; Zachara, J. M.

2012-12-01

The aquifer below the 300-Area of the Hanford site (Richland, WA, USA) is plagued by a persistent plume of dissolved uranium (U(VI)) in excess of the Environmental Protection Agency drinking water maximum contamination level even after the removal of highly contaminated sediments. The aquifer sediments in the seasonally saturated lower vadose zone act as both a source and sink for uranium during stage changes in the nearby Columbia River. Diffusion limitation of uranium mass-transfer within these sediments has been cited as a potential cause of the plume's persistence. Equilibrium U(VI) sorption is a strong function of variable chemical conditions, especially carbonate, hydrogen, and uranyl ion activities. Field-contaminated sediments from the site require up to 1,000 hours to reach equilibrium in static batch reactors. Increases in U(VI) concentrations over longer time-scales result from changes in chemical conditions, which drive reactions with sediments that favor U(VI) desorption. Grain-scale U(VI) sorption/desorption rates are slow, likely owing to diffusion of U(VI) and other solutes through intra-granular pore domains. In order to improve understanding of the impact of intra-granular diffusion and chemical reactions controlling grain-scale U(VI) release, experiments were conducted on individual particle size fractions of a <8 mm composite of field-contaminated, lower vadose zone sediments. For each size fraction, equilibrium U(VI) sorption/desorption in static batch reactors was well-described by surface complexation models over a range of chemical conditions applicable to the field site. Desorption rates from individual size fractions in flow-through batch reactors, examined under a single set of constant chemical conditions with multiple stop-flow events, were similar for all size fractions <2 mm. Kinetic U(VI) desorption in flow-through batch reactors was modeled using a multi-rate surface complexation approach, where sorption/desorption rates were assumed to be proportional to the displacement from equilibrium and multiple diffusion domains were described with a two-parameter lognormal distribution of mass-transfer rate coefficients. Parameters describing mass transfer were the same for all size fractions <2 mm but differed for the largest (2-8 mm) size fraction. The evolution of pH, along with dissolved cation and carbonate concentrations, was modeled using equilibrium cation exchange, rate-limited calcite dissolution, aerobic respiration, and silica dissolution. Desorption and chemical reaction models calibrated with individual size fractions predicted U(VI) and chemical composition as a function of time for the bulk sediment sample. Volumes of pores less than 2.4 nm, quantified using nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, were the same for all size fractions < 2 mm, nearly double that of the 2-8 mm size fraction. Similarity in the observed pore volumes and multi-rate mass-transfer parameters across all size fractions <2 mm suggest the importance of pores in this size class in controlling slow grain-scale U(VI) desorption rates. Models like these provide a means for testing the influence of grain-scale mass-transfer on the persistence of U(VI) plume at the site.

[Affinity of the elements in group VI of the periodic table to tumors and organs].

PubMed

Ando, A; Hisada, K; Ando, I

1976-10-01

In order to investigate the tumor affinity radioisotopes, chromium (51Cr), molybdenum (99Mo), tungsten (181W), selenium (75Se) and tellurium (127mTe)--the elements of group VI in the periodic table--were examined, using the rats which were subcutaneously transplanted with Yoshida sarcoma. Seven preprarations, sodium chromate (Na251CrO4), chromium chloride (51CrCl3), normal ammonium molybdate ((NH4)299MoO7), sodium tungstate (Na2181WO4), sodium selenate (Na275SeO4), sodium selenite (Na275SeO3) and tellurous acid (H2127mTeO3) were injected intravenously to each group of tumor bearing rats. These rats were sacrificed at various periods after injection of each preparation: 3 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours in all preparations. The radioactivities of the tumor, blood, muscle, liver, kidney and spleen were measured by a well-type scintillation counter, and retention values (in every tissue including the tumor) were calculated in percent of administered dose per g-tissue weight. All of seven preparations did not have any affinity for malignant tumor. Na251CrO4 and H2127mTeO3 had some affinity for the kidneys, and Na275SeO3 had some affinity for the liver. Na2181WO4 and (NH4)299MoO4 disappeared very rapidly from the blood and soft tissue, and about seventy-five percent of radioactivity was excreted in urine within first 3 hours.

Gate-bias and temperature dependence of charge transport in dinaphtho[2,3-b:2‧,3‧-d]thiophene thin-film transistors with MoO3/Au electrodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shaari, Safizan; Naka, Shigeki; Okada, Hiroyuki

2018-04-01

We investigated the gate-bias and temperature dependence of the voltage-current (V-I) characteristics of dinaphtho[2,3-b:2‧,3‧-d]thiophene with MoO3/Au electrodes. The insertion of the MoO3 layer significantly improved the device performance. The temperature dependent V-I characteristics were evaluated and could be well fitted by the Schottky thermionic emission model with barrier height under forward- and reverse-biased regimes in the ranges of 33-57 and 49-73 meV, respectively. However, at a gate voltage of 0 V, at which a small activation energy was obtained, we needed to consider another conduction mechanism at the grain boundary. From the obtained results, we concluded that two possible conduction mechanisms governed the charge injection at the metal electrode-organic semiconductor interface: the Schottky thermionic emission model and the conduction model in the organic thin-film layer and grain boundary.

40 CFR 146.64 - Corrective action for wells in the area of review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... wells in the area of review. For the purposes of Class I hazardous waste wells, this section shall apply... byproducts of injection; (3) Geology; (4) Hydrology; (5) History of the injection operation; (6) Completion...

40 CFR 146.64 - Corrective action for wells in the area of review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... wells in the area of review. For the purposes of Class I hazardous waste wells, this section shall apply... byproducts of injection; (3) Geology; (4) Hydrology; (5) History of the injection operation; (6) Completion...

JPRS Report, Science & Technology, Japan.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-10-06

pollack, herring, smelt, etc.). In the fish that are reproduced by artificial insemination , it is advantageous for egg production when there are many...operations. So far, we have been directing our efforts to the rocket and satellite fields and space environment utilization, and in the future we intend...as well as of bringing to completion Engineering Test Satellite VI for the development of 2-ton class large satellites in the future. We

Navy Acquisition. SUBACS (Submarine Advanced Combat System) Problems May Adversely Affect Navy Attack Submarine Programs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-11-01

also the combat system design for the proposed new attack submarine class, SSN 21. In December 1983, the Navy awarded the International Business Machines...VI: Comments From International Business 35 Machines Corporation Abbreviations DNSARC Department of the Navy Systems Acquisition Review Council DSARC...Defense Systems Acquisition Review Council GAO General Accounting Office IBM International Business Machines Corporation NAVsEA Naval Sea Systems

Optimally Scheduling Basic Courses at the Defense Language Institute using Integer Programming

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-09-01

DLI’s manual schedules at best can train 8%, 7% and 64%. 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 59 14. SUBJECT TERMS Operations Research, Linear Programming...class in 2006, 2007, and 2008, whereas DLI’s manual schedules at best can train 8%, 7% and 64%. vi THIS PAGE...ARABIC INSTRUTOR LEVELS .....................................25 FIGURE 2. OCS1 AND OCS2 CHINESE-MANDARIN INSTRUTOR LEVELS ............26 FIGURE 3

Cas13d Is a Compact RNA-Targeting Type VI CRISPR Effector Positively Modulated by a WYL-Domain-Containing Accessory Protein.

PubMed

Yan, Winston X; Chong, Shaorong; Zhang, Huaibin; Makarova, Kira S; Koonin, Eugene V; Cheng, David R; Scott, David A

2018-04-19

Bacterial class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems utilize a single RNA-guided protein effector to mitigate viral infection. We aggregated genomic data from multiple sources and constructed an expanded database of predicted class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems. A search for novel RNA-targeting systems identified subtype VI-D, encoding dual HEPN domain-containing Cas13d effectors and putative WYL-domain-containing accessory proteins (WYL1 and WYL-b1 through WYL-b5). The median size of Cas13d proteins is 190 to 300 aa smaller than that of Cas13a-Cas13c. Despite their small size, Cas13d orthologs from Eubacterium siraeum (Es) and Ruminococcus sp. (Rsp) are active in both CRISPR RNA processing and targeting, as well as collateral RNA cleavage, with no target-flanking sequence requirements. The RspWYL1 protein stimulates RNA cleavage by both EsCas13d and RspCas13d, demonstrating a common regulatory mechanism for divergent Cas13d orthologs. The small size, minimal targeting constraints, and modular regulation of Cas13d effectors further expands the CRISPR toolkit for RNA manipulation and detection. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 144.26 - Inventory requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... “Inventory of Injection Wells,” OMB No. 158-R0170. (b) Additional contents. For EPA administered programs...) Class II enhanced recovery wells; (ii) Class IV wells; (iii) The following Class V wells: (A) Sand or... (40 CFR 146.5 (e)(11)) (C) Geothermal energy recovery wells [§ 146.5(e)(12)]; (D) Brine return flow...

A new classification of a preovulatory oocyte maturation stage suitable for the synchronization of ovulation in controlled reproduction of Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis L.

PubMed

Zarski, Daniel; Bokor, Zoltán; Kotrik, László; Urbanyi, Béla; Horváth, Akos; Targońska, Katarzyna; Krejszeff, Sławomir; Palińska, Katarzyna; Kucharczyk, Dariusz

2011-11-01

To improve controlled reproduction of Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis, the criteria for the evaluation of final oocyte maturation stages were revised. The new classification covers six preovulatory maturational stages (I -VI) from the end of vitellogenesis to germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and was based on macroscopic changes of preovulatory oocytes (position of the germinal vesicle, GVBD, oil droplets coalescence). The observation was performed during out-of-season artificial reproduction with the use of a single hCG injection (500 IU/kg). The classification was subsequently verified with the controlled reproduction of wild female perch with the use of hormonal stimulation (500 IU hCG/kg of body weight at 12°C). The females were at different maturational stages and constituted respective experimental groups (I-VI). During the experiment, ovulation appeared to be considerably synchronized within particular groups. Statistical differences in latency time (time between hormonal treatment and ovulation) were found between experimental groups (mean latency time: 110, 92, 68, 49, 29 and 18 h in groups representing VI, V, IV, III, II and I stage of the proposed classification, respectively). The proposed classification and the results presented in the study allowed for effective synchronisation of ovulation. The use of our new oocyte maturation classification may positively influence the effectiveness of Eurasian perch production.

Daunorubicin and Cytarabine Lipid Complex Injection

MedlinePlus

Daunorubicin and cytarabine lipid complex is used to treat certain types of acute myeloid leukemia (AML; a type of cancer of ... is in a class of medications called anthracyclines. Cytarabine is in a class of medications called antimetabolites. ...

Visible Light Emitting Materials and Injection Devices

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-01

view to preventing the occurrence of faceting in these films. (II) MOCVD growth of II-VI materials (Tim Anderson) (11.1) Growth of novel Zn ZCd SSeI ...E.J. Stofko and R.J, Paff, "Synthesis and some properties of BeTe, BeSe, and BeS", J, Phys, Chem. Soiid. 33 (1972) 501. 2. R. Yamamoto, M . Inoue, K...Technology," SID Seminar Lecture Notes, 1988, Vol. 1 7. R.M. Park, M ,B. Troffer, and C.M. Rouleau, "p-type ZnSe by nitrogen atom beam doping during molecular

The section TiInSe/sub 2/-TiSbSe/sub 2/ of the system Ti-In-Sb-Se

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Guseinov, G.D.; Chapanova, L.M.; Mal'sagov, A.U.

1985-09-01

The ternary compounds A /SUP I/ B /SUP III/ C/sub 2/ /SUP VI/ (A /SUP I/ is univalent Ti; B /SUP III/ is Ga or In; and C /SUP VI/ is S, Se or Te) form a class of semiconductors with a large number of different gap widths. The compounds crystallize in the chalcopyrite structure. Solid solutions based on these compounds, which permit varying smoothly the gap width and other physical parameters over wide limits, are of great interest. The authors synthesized the compounds TiInSe/sub 2/ and TiSbSe/sub 2/ from the starting materials Ti-000, In-000, Sb-000 and Se-OSCh-17-4 by directmore » fusion of the components, taken in a stoichiometric ratio, in quartz ampules evacuated to 1.3 X 10/sup -3/ Pa and sealed.« less

Comparison of the Protective Effects of Melatonin and Silymarin Against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats.

PubMed

Ghaznavi, Habib; Mehrzadi, Saeed; Dormanesh, Banafshe; Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad Taghi Hosseini; Vahedi, Habib; Hosseinzadeh, Azam; Pazoki-Toroudi, HamidReza; Rashidian, Amir

2016-10-01

This study compared the possible protective effects of silymarin and melatonin against gentamicin (GEN)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Rats were allocated to 6 groups: Group I, control group; Groups II and III, administered with silymarin or melatonin; Group IV, injected with GEN; and Groups V and VI, administered with silymarin or melatonin, and then injected with GEN. Compared with the rats in the control group, all rats injected with GEN significantly presented elevated levels of serum creatinine and urea that was accompanied by an increase in relative kidney weight, increase in renal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and reduction in renal glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Silymarin and melatonin pretreatment significantly lowered the elevated serum urea and creatinine concentration, kidney weight, and renal ROS and MDA levels. In addition, silymarin and melatonin significantly enhanced renal GSH level and SOD activity. This study indicates that silymarin and melatonin can attenuate renal injury in rats treated with GEN possibly by reducing the ROS level. © The Author(s) 2015.

Linking Chaotic Advection with Subsurface Biogeochemical Processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mays, D. C.; Freedman, V. L.; White, S. K.; Fang, Y.; Neupauer, R.

2017-12-01

This work investigates the extent to which groundwater flow kinematics drive subsurface biogeochemical processes. In terms of groundwater flow kinematics, we consider chaotic advection, whose essential ingredient is stretching and folding of plumes. Chaotic advection is appealing within the context of groundwater remediation because it has been shown to optimize plume spreading in the laminar flows characteristic of aquifers. In terms of subsurface biogeochemical processes, we consider an existing model for microbially-mediated reduction of relatively mobile uranium(VI) to relatively immobile uranium(IV) following injection of acetate into a floodplain aquifer beneath a former uranium mill in Rifle, Colorado. This model has been implemented in the reactive transport code eSTOMP, the massively parallel version of STOMP (Subsurface Transport Over Multiple Phases). This presentation will report preliminary numerical simulations in which the hydraulic boundary conditions in the eSTOMP model are manipulated to simulate chaotic advection resulting from engineered injection and extraction of water through a manifold of wells surrounding the plume of injected acetate. This approach provides an avenue to simulate the impact of chaotic advection within the existing framework of the eSTOMP code.

Selenium speciation using capillary electrophoresis coupled with modified electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after selective extraction with 5-sulfosalicylic acid functionalized magnetic nanoparticles.

PubMed

Yan, Lizhen; Deng, Biyang; Shen, Caiying; Long, Chanjuan; Deng, Qiufen; Tao, Chunyao

2015-05-22

A new method for selenium speciation in fermented bean curd wastewater and juice was described. This method involved sample extraction with 5-sulfosalicylic acid (SSA)-functionalized silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (SMNPs), capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation, and online detection with a modified electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) system. The modified interface for ETAAS allowed for the introduction of CE effluent directly through the end of the graphite tube. Elimination of the upper injection hole of the graphite tube reduced the loss of the anlayte and enhanced the detection sensitivity. The SSA-SMNPs were synthesized and used to extract trace amounts of selenite [Se(IV)], selenite [Se(VI)], selenomethionine (SeMet), and selenocystine (SeCys2) from dilute samples. The concentration enrichment factors for Se(VI), Se(IV), SeMet, and SeCys2 were 21, 29, 18, and 12, respectively, using the SSA-SMNPs extraction. The limits of detection for Se(VI), Se(IV), SeMet, and SeCys2 were 0.18, 0.17, 0.54, 0.49ngmL(-1), respectively. The RSD values (n=6) of method for intraday were observed between 0.7% and 2.9%. The RSD values of method for interday were less than 3.5%. The linear range of Se(VI) and Se(IV) were in the range of 0.5-200ngmL(-1), and the linear ranges of SeMet and SeCys2 were 2-500 and 2-1000ngmL(-1), respectively. The detection limits of this method were improved by 10 times due to the enrichment by the SSA-SMNP extraction. The contents of Se(VI) and Se(IV) in fermented bean curd wastewater were measured as 3.83 and 2.62ngmL(-1), respectively. The contents of Se(VI), Se(IV), SeMet, and SeCys2 in fermented bean curd juice were determined as 6.39, 4.08, 2.77, and 4.00ngmL(-1), respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 99.14-104.5% and the RSDs (n=6) of recoveries between 0.82% and 3.5%. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 147.2650 - State-administered program-Class I, II, III, IV, and V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... CONTROL PROGRAMS Puerto Rico § 147.2650 State-administered program—Class I, II, III, IV, and V wells. The Underground Injection Control Program for all classes of wells in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, other than those on Indian lands, is the program administered by Puerto Rico's Environmental Quality Board (EQB...

40 CFR 147.2650 - State-administered program-Class I, II, III, IV, and V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... CONTROL PROGRAMS Puerto Rico § 147.2650 State-administered program—Class I, II, III, IV, and V wells. The Underground Injection Control Program for all classes of wells in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, other than those on Indian lands, is the program administered by Puerto Rico's Environmental Quality Board (EQB...

40 CFR 147.2650 - State-administered program-Class I, II, III, IV, and V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... CONTROL PROGRAMS Puerto Rico § 147.2650 State-administered program—Class I, II, III, IV, and V wells. The Underground Injection Control Program for all classes of wells in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, other than those on Indian lands, is the program administered by Puerto Rico's Environmental Quality Board (EQB...

Nonlinear Markov Control Processes and Games

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-11-15

the analysis of a new class of stochastic games , nonlinear Markov games , as they arise as a ( competitive ) controlled version of nonlinear Markov... competitive interests) a nonlinear Markov game that we are investigating. I 0. :::tUt::JJt:.l.. I I t:t11VI;:, nonlinear Markov game , nonlinear Markov...corresponding stochastic game Γ+(T, h). In a slightly different setting one can assume that changes in a competitive control process occur as a

Feasibility Report and Environmental Assessment Nogales Wash and Tributaries.Nogales, Arizona (Revision)

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-09-07

Office) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (of the report) Unclassified IS.. DECLASSIIFICATION/DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE 16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of th,. Report... SCHEDULE 5-19 L. ECCNCV!, I EVALUATION 5-19 M. NATIONAL ECONCMIC DEELOPMEN 5-19 N. RECOMMENDED PLAN 5-2C VI. PLAN IMPLEIENTATION 6-1 A. DIVISION OF PLAN...the possibility of flash flooding while residents sleep . 2. Historical Flood Damages The twin cities of Nogales, Arizona and Nogales, Sonora have a

Patterns of HIV Risks and Related Factors among People Who Inject Drugs in Kermanshah, Iran: A Latent Class Analysis.

PubMed

Sharifi, Hamid; Mirzazadeh, Ali; Noroozi, Alireza; Marshall, Brandon D L; Farhoudian, Ali; Higgs, Peter; Vameghi, Meroe; Mohhamadi Shahboulaghi, Farahnaz; Qorbani, Mostafa; Massah, Omid; Armoon, Bahram; Noroozi, Mehdi

2017-01-01

The objective of this study was to explore patterns of drug use and sexual risk behaviors among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran. We surveyed 500 PWID in Kermanshah concerning demographic characteristics, sexual risk behaviors, and drug-related risk behaviors in the month prior to study. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to establish a baseline model of risk profiles and to identify the optimal number of latent classes, and we used ordinal regression to identify factors associated with class membership. Three classes of multiple HIV risk were identified. The probability of membership in the high-risk class was 0.33, compared to 0.26 and 0.40 for the low- and moderate-risk classes, respectively. Compared to members in the lowest-risk class (reference group), the highest-risk class members had higher odds of being homeless (OR = 4.5, CI: 1.44-8.22; p = 0.001) in the past 12 months. Members of the high-risk class had lower odds of regularly visiting a needle and syringe exchange program as compared to the lowest-risk class members (AOR = 0.42, CI: 0.2-0.81; p = 0.01). Findings show the sexual and drug-related HIV risk clusters among PWID in Iran, and emphasize the importance of developing targeted prevention and harm reduction programs for all domains of risk behaviors, both sexual and drug use related.

Building a Foundation of Continuous Improvement in a Rapidly Changing Environment: The Dartmouth-Hitchcock Value Institute Experience.

PubMed

McGrath, Susan P; Blike, George T

2015-10-01

A performance improvement competency development program, known as the Value Institute (VI), was established at Dartmouth-Hitchcock (D-H; Lebanon, New Hampshire) in 2011 to develop a performance improvement-focused workforce and systems capable of meeting the challenges of creating a sustainable health system. A tiered competency development program that provides patient safety, health care quality, and improvement science education, and an execution support infrastructure that enables access to performance improvement tools for all employees, comprise the core of the VI. At 20 months after the launch of the first VI classes, more than 10% of all employees were trained to the Yellow Belt level, and approximately 1.5% of all employees became advanced practitioners (Green Belts or Black Belts). Improvement projects have focused on both clinical and business process optimization, as well as regulatory and accreditation compliance and patient safety. Project savings during the two years of operation have exceeded the investment of resources to establish this long-term performance improvement capability by 2.5 times. The D-H VI model promotes multidisciplinary team-based learning, incremental skill development, and access to a common continuous improvement vocabulary and method for all employees-all key to building the teams and momentum needed for successful execution of improvement work and to maintain outcomes. Initial outcomes, represented by organizational spread, project execution status, participants' feedback scores, and return on investment estimates, suggest that robust team-based learning combined with coaching provides sufficient depth and breadth of learning and effective opportunities to gain practical experience in continuous improvement.

Investigating heterogeneity in violent offending liability among injection drug users from a developmental perspective.

PubMed

Torok, Michelle; Darke, Shane; Shand, Fiona; Kaye, Sharlene

2016-09-01

Violence is a major burden of harm among injecting drug users (IDU), however, the liability to violent offending is not well understood. The current study aimed to better understand differences in the liability to violence by determining whether IDU could be disaggregated into distinct violent offending classes, and determining the correlates of class membership. A total of 300 IDU from Sydney, Australia were administered a structured interview examining the prevalence and severity of drug use and violent offending histories, as well as early life risk factors (maltreatment, childhood mental disorder, trait personality). IDU were disaggregated into four distinct latent classes, comprising a non-violent class (24%), an adolescent-onset persistent class (33%), an adult-onset transient class (24%) and an early-onset, chronic class (19%). Pairwise and group comparisons of classes on predispositional and substance use risks showed that the EARLY class had the poorest psychosocial risk profile, while the NON class had the most favourable. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that higher trait impulsivity and aggression scores, having a history of conduct disorder, frequent childhood abuse, and more problematic alcohol use, were independently associated with more temporally stable and severe violent offending. The model explained 67% of variance in class membership (χ(2)=207.7, df=51, p<0.001). IDU can be meaningfully disaggregated into distinct violent offending classes using developmental criteria. The age of onset of violence was indicative of class membership insomuch as that the extent of early life risk exposure was differentially associated with greater long-term liability to violence and drug use. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Linear solvation energy relationships for toxicity of selected organic chemicals to Daphnia pulex and Daphnia magna

USGS Publications Warehouse

Passino, Dora R.M.; Hickey, James P.; Frank, Anthony M.

1988-01-01

In the Laurentian Great Lakes, more than 300 contaminants have been identified in fish, other biota, water, and sediment. Current hazard assessment of these chemicals by the National Fisheries Research Center-Great Lakes is based on their toxicity, occurrence in the environment, and source. Although scientists at the Center have tested over 70 chemicals with the crustacean Daphnia pulex, the number of experimental data needed to screen the huge array of chemicals in the Great Lakes exceeds the practical capabilities of conducting bioassays. This limitation can be partly circumvented, however, by using mathematical models based on quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to provide rapid, inexpensive estimates of toxicity. Many properties of chemicals, including toxicity, bioaccumulation and water solubility are well correlated and can be predicted by equations of the generalized linear solvation energy relationships (LSER). The equation we used to model solute toxicity is Toxicity = constant + mVI/100 + s (π* + dδ) + bβm + aαm where VI = intrinsic (Van der Waals) molar volume; π* = molecular dipolarity/polarizability; δ = polarizability 'correction term'; βm = solute hydrogen bond acceptor basicity; and αm = solute hydrogen bond donor acidity. The subscript m designates solute monomer values for α and β. We applied the LSER model to 48-h acute toxicity data (measured as immobilization) for six classes of chemicals detected in Great Lakes fish. The following regression was obtained for Daphnia pulex (concentration = μM): log EC50 = 4.86 - 4.35 VI/100; N = 38, r2 = 0.867, sd = 0.403 We also used the LSER modeling approach to analyze to a large published data set of 24-h acute toxicity for Daphnia magna; the following regression resulted, for eight classes of compounds (concentration = mM): log EC50 = 3.88 - 4.52 VI/100 - 1.62 π* + 1.66 βm - 0.916 αm; N = 62, r2 = 0.859, sd = 0.375 In addition we developed computer software that identifies chemical structures, estimates the LSER parameters, and predicts toxicity. The LSER models promise to be effective in differentiating between reactive and nonreactive toxicity behavior where other models have failed. Contaminants with reactive behavior are generally the most toxic and rank highest in hazard assessment of environmental chemicals.

The effect of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance on pre-therapy viral load.

PubMed

Harrison, Linda; Castro, Hannah; Cane, Patricia; Pillay, Deenan; Booth, Clare; Phillips, Andrew; Geretti, Anna Maria; Dunn, David

2010-07-31

Reduced replication capacity of viruses expressing drug resistant mutations implies that patients with transmitted drug resistance (TDR) could have lower HIV RNA viral load than those infected with wild-type virus. We performed analysis using data from the UK HIV Drug Resistance Database and the UK CHIC study. Eligible patients had a resistance test performed between 1997 and 2007 while naive to antiretroviral therapy, were 16 years or older, and had a viral load and CD4 cell count measurement within 6 months of this test. Models were adjusted for CD4 cell count, viral subtype, ethnicity, risk group, sex, age, calendar year, clinical centre, and viral load assay. Of a total of 7994 patients included, 709 (9%) had TDR: 604 (85%) had resistance to one drug class only [350 nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 164 non-nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), 90 protease inhibitors (PIs)], 77 (11%) to two classes (42 NRTIs/NNRTIs, 31 NRTIs/PIs, 4 NNRTIs/PIs), and 28 (4%) had resistance to all three classes. The overall mean (SD) viral load at the time of resistance testing was 4.60 (0.82) log(10) copies/ml, and did not differ by class of TDR. However, patients harbouring M184V/I (n = 61) had a significantly lower viral load [adjusted mean difference -0.33 log10 copies/ml (95% CI -0.54 to -0.11), 53% lower (95% CI 22 to 71%), P = 0.002] compared to wild-type virus. Our study provides clear evidence of an in-vivo fitness cost associated with the M184V/I mutation independent of drug effects which select for this mutation. This was not observed for any other mutation, but true effects may have been obscured by reversion of initially resistant viruses to wild-type.

Surgery course evaluation. Expectations of medical students in surgery rotation? From bench to bedside.

PubMed

Sniadecki, Marcin; Kiszkielis, Marta; Wydra, Dariusz

2011-10-01

The curriculum of the Medical Faculty is a result of a compromise between the need to upgrade and extend the material and the immutability of study duration. In result of reduction of time for acquisition of basic practical skills. THE AIM OF THE STUDY was to evaluate the current curriculum by students and answer the question: What are the students' expectations of teaching surgery? and to compare the opinion in two academic centers in Poland. The survey embraced 85 students of the Medical Faculty of IV (25.9%), V (22.35%) and VI (51.75%) year of the Medical University of Gdańsk and VI year students of the Pomeranian University of Szczecin (PUM--34%). Students completed a 19-item questionnaire, send by e-mail. Questions were closed (yes / no or grades 1-5) with the option of opinion adding to each item. The Statistica (version 9) package for calculations was used. Differences with p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Qualitative data (opinions) were prepared in the form of summary tables, generalized or quoted. Satisfaction with the education of students amounted to 2,1-2,4 (on a scale 1-5). There is a weak association between gender and choice of surgical specialties. Declaring an interest in surgery does not affect the assessment of classes. Most students believe that the amount of theoretical classes is sufficient, there is lack of practical classes. Among procedures they want to learn, most often were mentioned: bladder catheterization, suturing, wound treatment and putting stomach tube. Additionally, they pay attention to the lack of affordable learning materials. Students expect a full "non-corridor" utilization of classes, learn and practice the basic and most frequent activities at the patient. They are dissatisfied with the current training methods, and would be taught in a diverse and active way.

Coevolution of the ATPase ClpV, the Sheath Proteins TssB and TssC, and the Accessory Protein TagJ/HsiE1 Distinguishes Type VI Secretion Classes*

PubMed Central

Förster, Andreas; Planamente, Sara; Manoli, Eleni; Lossi, Nadine S.; Freemont, Paul S.; Filloux, Alain

2014-01-01

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a bacterial nanomachine for the transport of effector molecules into prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It involves the assembly of a tubular structure composed of TssB and TssC that is similar to the tail sheath of bacteriophages. The sheath contracts to provide the energy needed for effector delivery. The AAA+ ATPase ClpV disassembles the contracted sheath, which resets the systems for reassembly of an extended sheath that is ready to fire again. This mechanism is crucial for T6SS function. In Vibrio cholerae, ClpV binds the N terminus of TssC within a hydrophobic groove. In this study, we resolved the crystal structure of the N-terminal domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ClpV1 and observed structural alterations in the hydrophobic groove. The modification in the ClpV1 groove is matched by a change in the N terminus of TssC, suggesting the existence of distinct T6SS classes. An accessory T6SS component, TagJ/HsiE, exists predominantly in one of the classes. Using bacterial two-hybrid approaches, we showed that the P. aeruginosa homolog HsiE1 interacts strongly with ClpV1. We then resolved the crystal structure of HsiE1 in complex with the N terminus of HsiB1, a TssB homolog and component of the contractile sheath. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that these differences distinguish T6SS classes that resulted from a functional co-evolution between TssB, TssC, TagJ/HsiE, and ClpV. The interaction of TagJ/HsiE with the sheath as well as with ClpV suggests an alternative mode of disassembly in which HsiE recruits the ATPase to the sheath. PMID:25305017

VUV spectroscopy in impurity injection experiments at KSTAR using prototype ITER VUV spectrometer.

PubMed

Seon, C R; Hong, J H; Song, I; Jang, J; Lee, H Y; An, Y H; Kim, B S; Jeon, T M; Park, J S; Choe, W; Lee, H G; Pak, S; Cheon, M S; Choi, J H; Kim, H S; Biel, W; Bernascolle, P; Barnsley, R

2017-08-01

The ITER vacuum ultra-violet (VUV) core survey spectrometer has been designed as a 5-channel spectral system so that the high spectral resolving power of 200-500 could be achieved in the wavelength range of 2.4-160 nm. To verify the design of the ITER VUV core survey spectrometer, a two-channel prototype spectrometer was developed. As a subsequent step of the prototype test, the prototype VUV spectrometer has been operated at KSTAR since the 2012 experimental campaign. From impurity injection experiments in the years 2015 and 2016, strong emission lines, such as Kr xxv 15.8 nm, Kr xxvi 17.9 nm, Ne vii 46.5 nm, Ne vi 40.2 nm, and an array of largely unresolved tungsten lines (14-32 nm) could be measured successfully, showing the typical photon number of 10 13 -10 15 photons/cm 2 s.

Injection Drug Use Trajectories Among Migrant Populations: A Narrative Review.

PubMed

Melo, Jason S; Mittal, Maria Luisa; Horyniak, Danielle; Strathdee, Steffanie A; Werb, Dan

2018-01-24

Dual epidemics of injection drug use and blood-borne disease, characterized as "syndemics," are present in a range of settings. Behaviors that drive such syndemics are particularly prevalent among mobile drug-using populations, for whom cross-border migration may pose additional risks. This narrative review aims to characterize the risk factors for injection drug use initiation associated with migration, employing a risk environment framework and focusing on the San Diego-Tijuana border region as the most dynamic example of these phenomena. Based on previous literature, we divide migration streams into three classes: intra-urban, internal, and international. We synthesized existing literature on migration and drug use to characterize how mobility and migration drive the initiation of injection drug use, as well as the transmission of hepatitis and HIV, and to delineate how these might be addressed through public health intervention. Population mixing between migrants and receiving communities and the consequent transmission of social norms about injection drug use create risk environments for injection drug use initiation. These risk environments have been characterized as a result of local policy environments, injection drug use norms in receiving communities, migration-related stressors, social dislocation, and infringement on the rights of undocumented migrants. Policies that exacerbate risk environments for migrants may inadvertently contribute to the expansion of epidemics of injection-driven blood-borne disease. Successful interventions that address emerging syndemics in border regions may therefore need to be tailored to migrant populations and distinguish between the vulnerabilities experienced by different migration classes and border settings.

A single injection of the anabolic bone agent, parathyroid hormone-collagen binding domain (PTH-CBD), results in sustained increases in bone mineral density for up to 12 months in normal female mice.

PubMed

Ponnapakkam, Tulasi; Katikaneni, Ranjitha; Suda, Hirofumi; Miyata, Shigeru; Matsushita, Osamu; Sakon, Joshua; Gensure, Robert C

2012-09-01

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the most effective osteoporosis treatment, but it is only effective if administered by daily injections. We fused PTH(1-33) to a collagen binding domain (PTH-CBD) to extend its activity, and have shown an anabolic bone effect with monthly dosing. We tested the duration of action of this compound with different routes of administration. Normal young C57BL/6J mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of PTH-CBD (320 μg/kg). PTH-CBD treated mice showed a 22.2 % increase in bone mineral density (BMD) at 6 months and 12.8 % increase at 12 months. When administered by subcutaneous injection, PTH-CBD again caused increases in BMD, 15.2 % at 6 months and 14.3 % at 12 months. Radiolabeled PTH-CBD was concentrated in bone and skin after either route of administration. We further investigated skin effects of PTH-CBD, and histological analysis revealed an apparent increase in anagen VI hair follicles. A single dose of PTH-CBD caused sustained increases in BMD by >10 % for 1 year in normal mice, regardless of the route of administration, thus showing promise as a potential osteoporosis therapy.

Yoga-teaching protocol adapted for children with visual impairment

PubMed Central

Mohanty, Soubhagyalaxmi; Hankey, Alex; Pradhan, Balaram; Ranjita, Rajashree

2016-01-01

Context: Childhood visual deficiency impairs children's neuro-psychomotor development, considerably affecting physical, mental, social, and emotional health. Yoga's multifaceted approach may help children with visual impairment (VI) to cope with their challenges. Aim: This study aimed to develop a special protocol for teaching yoga to children with VI, and to evaluate their preferred method of learning. Methods: The study was carried out at Ramana Maharishi Academy for the Blind, Bengaluru, South India. Forty-one students volunteered to learn yoga practices, and classes were held weekly 5 days, 1 hr per session for 16 weeks. The study introduced a new method using a sequence of five teaching steps: verbal instructions, tactile modeling, step-by-step teaching, learning in a group, and physical guidance. A questionnaire concerning the preferred steps of learning was then given to each student, and verbal answers were obtained. Results: A total of 33 (out of 41), aged 11.97 ± 1.94, 15 girls and 18 boys responded. Twenty-six (78.79%) chose physical guidance as their most favored learning mode. Conclusions: Specially designed protocol may pave the way to impart yoga in an exciting and comfortable way to children with VI. More studies are needed to further investigate the effectiveness of this new yoga protocol in similar settings. PMID:27512318

Microbial Communities in Contaminated Sediments, Associated with Bioremediation of Uranium to Submicromolar Levels▿

PubMed Central

Cardenas, Erick; Wu, Wei-Min; Leigh, Mary Beth; Carley, Jack; Carroll, Sue; Gentry, Terry; Luo, Jian; Watson, David; Gu, Baohua; Ginder-Vogel, Matthew; Kitanidis, Peter K.; Jardine, Philip M.; Zhou, Jizhong; Criddle, Craig S.; Marsh, Terence L.; Tiedje, James M.

2008-01-01

Microbial enumeration, 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, and chemical analysis were used to evaluate the in situ biological reduction and immobilization of uranium(VI) in a long-term experiment (more than 2 years) conducted at a highly uranium-contaminated site (up to 60 mg/liter and 800 mg/kg solids) of the U.S. Department of Energy in Oak Ridge, TN. Bioreduction was achieved by conditioning groundwater above ground and then stimulating growth of denitrifying, Fe(III)-reducing, and sulfate-reducing bacteria in situ through weekly injection of ethanol into the subsurface. After nearly 2 years of intermittent injection of ethanol, aqueous U levels fell below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level for drinking water and groundwater (<30 μg/liter or 0.126 μM). Sediment microbial communities from the treatment zone were compared with those from a control well without biostimulation. Most-probable-number estimations indicated that microorganisms implicated in bioremediation accumulated in the sediments of the treatment zone but were either absent or in very low numbers in an untreated control area. Organisms belonging to genera known to include U(VI) reducers were detected, including Desulfovibrio, Geobacter, Anaeromyxobacter, Desulfosporosinus, and Acidovorax spp. The predominant sulfate-reducing bacterial species were Desulfovibrio spp., while the iron reducers were represented by Ferribacterium spp. and Geothrix spp. Diversity-based clustering revealed differences between treated and untreated zones and also within samples of the treated area. Spatial differences in community structure within the treatment zone were likely related to the hydraulic pathway and to electron donor metabolism during biostimulation. PMID:18456853

Hydrocode simulation of the Chicxulub impact event and the production of climatically active gases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pierazzo, Elisabetta; Kring, David A.; Melosh, H. Jay

1998-12-01

We constructed a numerical model of the Chicxulub impact event using the Chart-D Squared (CSQ) code coupled with the ANalytic Equation Of State (ANEOS) package. In the simulations we utilized a target stratigraphy based on borehole data and employed newly developed equations of state for the materials that are believed to play a crucial role in the impact-related extinction hypothesis: carbonates (calcite) and evaporites (anhydrite). Simulations explored the effects of different projectile sizes (10 to 30 km in diameter) and porosity (0 to 50%). The effect of impact speed is addressed by doing simulations of asteroid impacts (vi=20km/s) and comet impacts (vi=50km/s). The masses of climatically important species injected into the upper atmosphere by the impact increase with the energy of the impact event, ranging from 350 to 3500 Gt for CO2, from 40 to 560 Gt for S, and from 200 to 1400 Gt for water vapor. While our results are in good agreement with those of Ivanov et al. [1996], our estimated CO2 production is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than the results of Takata and Ahrens [1994], indicating that the impact event enhanced the end-Cretaceous atmospheric CO2 inventory by, at most, 40%. Consequently, sulfur may have been the most important climatically active gas injected into the stratosphere. The amount of S released by the impact is several orders of magnitude higher than any known volcanic eruption and, with H2O, is high enough to produce a sudden and significant perturbation of Earth's climate.

Influence of intracervical and intravaginal seminal plasma on the endometrium in assisted reproduction: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study.

PubMed

Mayer, R B; Ebner, T; Yaman, C; Hartl, J; Sir, A; Krain, V; Oppelt, P; Shebl, O

2015-02-01

To investigate the effect of intracervical and intravaginal application of seminal plasma on the endometrium, as assessed by endometrial/subendometrial vascularization and endometrial volume between the day of oocyte retrieval and the day of embryo transfer in an in-vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycle. This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study including patients undergoing a first or second IVF/ICSI cycle. Homologous seminal plasma or placebo (sodium chloride) was injected into the cervix and posterior vaginal fornix just after follicle aspiration. Three-dimensional power Doppler examination was performed 30 min before oocyte retrieval and 30 min before embryo transfer. Main outcome measures were changes in vascularization flow index (VFI), flow index (FI) and vascularization index (VI) of the endometrium/subendometrium using VOCAL™ (Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis) and endometrial volume. One hundred patients agreed to participate in the study. Twenty-three patients were excluded, mainly as a result of canceled embryo transfer. Data were analyzed from 40 patients receiving seminal plasma and 37 receiving placebo. No significant differences between the two groups were seen in VFI, FI or VI of the endometrium or subendometrium or in endometrial volume on the day of oocyte pick-up and on the day of embryo transfer. Neither endometrial/subendometrial vascularization parameters nor endometrial volume seem to be affected by the application of seminal plasma in patients undergoing their first or second IVF/ICSI cycle. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

40 CFR 144.55 - Corrective action.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... injection zone does not exceed hydrostatic pressure at the site of any improperly completed or abandoned... the case of Class II wells operating over the fracture pressure of the injection formation, all known wells within the area of review penetrating formations affected by the increase in pressure. For such...

--No Title--

Science.gov Websites

and Cuttings Repository Oil & Gas Oil & Gas (Map-Based) Spills (Environmental Events) Tanks Exploration Notice of Intent Uranium Exploration Permit Oil & Gas Approved Oil & Gas Permits Oil and Gas Maps Undergound Injection Control - Class II Well Production/Injection Report Oil & Gas

swimming

Science.gov Websites

and Cuttings Repository Oil & Gas Oil & Gas (Map-Based) Spills (Environmental Events) Tanks Exploration Notice of Intent Uranium Exploration Permit Oil & Gas Approved Oil & Gas Permits Oil and Gas Maps Undergound Injection Control - Class II Well Production/Injection Report Oil & Gas

Microbial Community Phylogenetic and Functional Succession in Chromium-Reducing Aquifer-Derived Microcosms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brodie, E. L.; Beller, H. R.; Goldfarb, K. C.; Han, R.; Santee, C. A.

2009-12-01

In situ reductive immobilization, whereby highly soluble Cr(VI) species are reduced to poorly soluble Cr(III) species, is a favored approach for remediating Cr-contaminated groundwater. How microbial populations respond phylogenetically and functionally to the injection of an organic electron donor to stimulate Cr(VI) reduction is unclear, as are the relative contributions of direct enzymatic Cr(VI) reduction versus indirect (e.g. sulfide-mediated) reduction. In this study, we inoculated anaerobic microcosms with groundwater from the Cr-contaminated Hanford 100H site (WA) and supplemented them with lactate and the electron acceptors nitrate, sulfate, and amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide. The microcosms progressed successively through nitrate-reducing, sulfate-reducing, and Fe(III)-reducing conditions, and after a second nitrate amendment, nitrate-dependent Fe(II)-oxidizing conditions. Cr(VI) reduction occurred during both the denitrification and the sulfate/iron reduction phases. DNA and RNA were harvested during each major biogeochemical phase and were subjected to PhyloChip analysis, qPCR, and transcript sequencing. Bacterial community succession followed a trajectory related to the sequential use of electron acceptors. During denitrification, bacterial communities were enriched in known denitrifiers within the Beta- and Gamma-proteobacteria and became phylogenetically clustered. Fermenters became enriched following nitrate reduction, preceding both iron and sulfate reduction. Iron reduction was stoichiometrically related to the formation of hydrogen sulfide and, although iron reducers were detected during this phase, their iron-reducing activity was not confirmed. Following the depletion of lactate and sulfate, iron reduction rates decreased and acetate and propionate concentrations stabilized, indicating a marginal contribution of acetate-coupled iron reduction. Rapid Fe(II) oxidation occurred following the nitrate amendment with a concomitant reduction of nitrate to nitrite and an increased abundance of Beta-proteobacterial species related to known anaerobic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria. To uncover the microbial mechanisms contributing to the biogeochemical complexity encountered, even under controlled laboratory incubations, requires alternatives to standard phylogenetic analyses. Our ongoing efforts in analyzing the community transcriptomes (mRNA) should provide valuable insight into the relative rates of direct versus indirect mechanisms of Cr(VI) immobilization in contaminated aquifers.

CXA La Paloma, LLC: UIC Class I Permit No.CA10710001

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Documents related to La Paloma Generating Company, LLC's (LPGC) application for a UIC permit renewal (of permit #CA199000001) to operate a Class I injection well facility to dispose of non-hazardous wastewater from the La Paloma Generating Plant.

Relationship between ionospheric F2-layer critical frequency, F10.7, and F10.7P around African EIA trough

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ikubanni, S. O.; Adeniyi, J. O.

2017-02-01

Improved ionospheric modeling requires a better understanding of the relationship between ionospheric parameters and their influencing solar and geomagnetic sources. Published reports of the validation of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) for quiet-time revealed either underestimation or overestimation at a greater magnitude during high solar fluxes, especially at low latitude. With daily foF2 data from Ouagadougou (geor. 12.4°N, 1.5°W) covering a solar cycle, we have presented preliminary results from the analysis of solar dependence of six different classifications of the data: (i) daily values, (ii) monthly mean, (iii) daily quiet values (with Ap ⩽ 20), (iv) monthly-quiet-mean values, (v) monthly median, and (vi) monthly-quiet-median values. All six classifications show good nonlinear relationship with both F10.7 and F10.7P, however, the differences between the dependence of classes (i) and (iii) of foF2 on the two solar indices is more substantial than those of classes (ii), (iv), (v), and (vi). Of all the six classes, the monthly averages are best related to both solar activity indices. Further analysis shows that magnetic disturbances are non-influential in the variations of the monthly mean of both solar activity indices; this makes both good indices for quiet-time modeling. Likewise, F10.7 and F10.7P are indistinguishable for long-term modeling around the African EIA trough region. While monthly median values may be best for mid-latitude region, either the mean/median values could be used for low-latitude region. However, it could be worthwhile to examine the distribution of the data from the station under consideration.

A Search for Variation in the Surface Mineralogical Composition of J VI Himalia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jarvis, K. S.; Vilas, F.; Larson, S. M.; Gaffey, M. J.

1996-09-01

Diverse spectral data exist for Jupiter's moon J VI Himalia. The overall spectral shape suggests that it has the same mineralogical composition as a C-class asteroid, lending credibility to the theory that Himalia was a C-class asteroid that formed in or near the main asteroid belt and was ejected and captured into orbit around Jupiter. Using an algorithm developed earlier, ECAS photometry (Tholen and Zellner, 1984) of Himalia taken on one date only have tested positively for the presence of a 0.7- mu m feature attributed to an Fe(2+) -> Fe(3+) charge transfer transition in oxidized iron in phyllosilicates. The presence of this feature was confirmed by narrowband spectrophotometry obtained on one date in April, 1995. Narrowband spectrophotometry of Luu (1991) does not cover the full spectral range defined by the 0.7-mu m absorption feature, but is in good agreement with the ECAS photometry. However, no 3.0-mu m water of hydration absorption feature was observed in IR radiometry (A. S., Rivkin, per. comm.). Correlation between the 0.7-mu m feature and the 3.0-mu m feature has been demonstrated in spectra of low-albedo asteroids, and suggests that it should be present. A rough rotational period for Himalia of 9.2 - 9.8 hrs is known. Himalia could represent the junction of two different compositional units, produced when an impact fragmented Himalia's parent body. The presence of iron-bearing phyllosilicates on part of Himalia's surface supports the hypothesis that Himalia is a captured C-class asteroid. Rotationally-resolved spectra of Himalia could confirm a variation in composition; we have started a program to collect these data.

[Effect of gluco- and mineralocorticoids on the structure and function of the insular apparatus of the pancreas in representatives of different classes of vertebrates].

PubMed

Poliakova, T I

1984-07-01

By means of histological, historadioautographical and biochemical methods the effect produced by disturbances in hormonal balance of the adrenal cortex (corticosteroids) on the islet apparatus of the pancreas in the lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis), the frog (Rana temporaria), the tortoise (Testudo horsfieldi), the pigeon (Columbia livia), the white rat (Rattus rattus) has been studied during autumn-winter period. Chronic injections of hydrocortisone and desoxycorticosterone-acetate are used to change the hormonal balance in the adrenal cortex. In Cyclostomata, Amphibia and Reptilia gluco- and mineralocorticoids produce similar effects by increasing glycemia level. In birds and Mammalia glucocorticoids increase glycemia level, and mineralocorticoids do not change it. An increased glucose level in the organism of the representatives of various Mammalian classes after an excess injection of glucocorticoids is accompanied with a mainfested degranulation, hypertrophy of the Golgi complex, vacuolization of aldehydefuchsin-positive B-cell. Glucocorticoides increase the level of 35S-methyonine incorporation into B-cells of Langerhans islet in the representatives of all the vertebral classes studied. Mineralocorticoids act similarly as glucocorticoids stimulating protein metabolism only in Amphibia and birds. The level of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) in response to glucocorticoids injection increases in Amphibia and Mammalia and remains unchanged in Cyclostomata, Reptilia and birds. IRI remains unchanged after injection of mineralocorticoids in all representatives of Vertebrata, besides Cyclostomata in which IRI decreases.

A novel immunization method to induce cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses (CTL) against plasmid-encoded herpes simplex virus type-1 glycoprotein D.

PubMed

Cruz, P E; Khalil, P L; Dryden, T D; Chiou, H C; Fink, P S; Berberich, S J; Bigley, N J

1999-03-05

DNA molecules complexed with an asialoglycoprotein-polycation conjugate, consisting of asialoorosomucoid (ASOR) coupled to poly-L-lysine, can enter hepatocytes which bear receptors for ASOR. We used this receptor-mediated DNA delivery system to deliver plasmid DNA encoding glycoprotein D (gD) of herpes simplex virus type 1 to ASOR-positive cells. Maximum expression of gD protein was seen at 3 days after injection of this preparation in approximately 13% of cells from BALB/c mice [hepatocytes from mice injected intravenously (i.v.) or peritoneal exudate cells from mice injected intraperitoneally (i.p.)]. In comparison with mice injected with either the plasmid vector alone or the gD-containing plasmid uncomplexed to ASOR, mice immunized with gD-containing plasmid complexed with ASOR-poly-L-lysine induced marked antigen-specific CTL responses. BALB/c mice immunized with gD-DNA developed a T-cell-mediated CTL response against target cells expressing gD and MHC class II glycoproteins, but not against cells expressing only gD and MHC class I molecules. In C3H mice, gD-DNA induced a T-cell-mediated CTL response against target cells expressing gD and class I MHC molecules. Serum anti-gD antibody in low titers were produced in both strains of mice. DNA complexed with ASOR-poly-L-lysine induced CTL responses in mice.

40 CFR 147.3013 - Information to be considered for Class I wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL... pressure changes, native fluid displacement, and direction of movement of the injected fluid; and (2) Methods to be used for sampling, and for measurement and calculation of flow. (b) In addition to the...

40 CFR 147.3013 - Information to be considered for Class I wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL... pressure changes, native fluid displacement, and direction of movement of the injected fluid; and (2) Methods to be used for sampling, and for measurement and calculation of flow. (b) In addition to the...

40 CFR 147.3013 - Information to be considered for Class I wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL... pressure changes, native fluid displacement, and direction of movement of the injected fluid; and (2) Methods to be used for sampling, and for measurement and calculation of flow. (b) In addition to the...

40 CFR 147.3013 - Information to be considered for Class I wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL... pressure changes, native fluid displacement, and direction of movement of the injected fluid; and (2) Methods to be used for sampling, and for measurement and calculation of flow. (b) In addition to the...

40 CFR 147.2404 - EPA-administered program-Colville Reservation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS... Indian Reservation consists of a prohibition of all Class I, II, III and IV injection wells and of a... CFR part 124, 144 and 146 and any additional requirements set forth in the remainder of this subpart...

40 CFR 147.2404 - EPA-administered program-Colville Reservation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS... Indian Reservation consists of a prohibition of all Class I, II, III and IV injection wells and of a... CFR part 124, 144 and 146 and any additional requirements set forth in the remainder of this subpart...

40 CFR 147.51 - State-administered program-Class I, III, IV, and V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL... elements, as submitted to EPA in the State's program application: (a) Incorporation by reference. The... (Regulations) (Rev. December 1980), as amended May 17, 1982, to add Chapter 9, Underground Injection Control...

Transition Region Emission and the Energy Input to Thermal Plasma in Solar Flares

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holman, Gordon D.; Holman, Gordon D.; Dennis, Brian R.; Haga, Leah; Raymond, John C.; Panasyuk, Alexander

2005-01-01

Understanding the energetics of solar flares depends on obtaining reliable determinations of the energy input to flare plasma. X-ray observations of the thermal bremsstrahlung from hot flare plasma provide temperatures and emission measures which, along with estimates of the plasma volume, allow the energy content of this hot plasma to be computed. However, if thermal energy losses are significant or if significant energy goes directly into cooler plasma, this is only a lower limit on the total energy injected into thermal plasma during the flare. We use SOHO UVCS observations of O VI flare emission scattered by coronal O VI ions to deduce the flare emission at transition region temperatures between 100,000 K and 1 MK for the 2002 July 23 and other flares. We find that the radiated energy at these temperatures significantly increases the deduced energy input to the thermal plasma, but by an amount that is less than the uncertainty in the computed energies. Comparisons of computed thermal and nonthermal electron energies deduced from RHESSI, GOES, and UVCS are shown.

Formation and Geological Sequestration of Uranium Nanoparticles in Deep Granitic Aquifer

PubMed Central

Suzuki, Yohey; Mukai, Hiroki; Ishimura, Toyoho; Yokoyama, Takaomi D.; Sakata, Shuhei; Hirata, Takafumi; Iwatsuki, Teruki; Mizuno, Takashi

2016-01-01

The stimulation of bacterial activities that convert hexavalent uranium, U(VI), to tetravalent uranium, U(IV), appears to be feasible for cost-effective remediation of contaminated aquifers. However, U(VI) reduction typically results in the precipitation of U(IV) particles less than 5 nanometers in diameter, except for environmental conditions enriched with iron. Because these tiny particles are mobile and susceptible to oxidative dissolution after the termination of nutrient injection, in situ bioremediation remains to be impractical. Here we show that U(IV) nanoparticles of coffinite (U(SiO4)1−x(OH)4x) formed in fracture-filling calcium carbonate in a granitic aquifer. In situ U-Pb isotope dating demonstrates that U(IV) nanoparticles have been sequestered in the calcium carbonate for at least 1 million years. As the microbiologically induced precipitation of calcium carbonate in aquifer systems worldwide is extremely common, we anticipate simultaneous stimulation of microbial activities for precipitation reactions of calcium carbonate and U(IV) nanoparticles, which leads to long-term sequestration of uranium and other radionuclides in contaminated aquifers and deep geological repositories. PMID:26948389

Formation and Geological Sequestration of Uranium Nanoparticles in Deep Granitic Aquifer.

PubMed

Suzuki, Yohey; Mukai, Hiroki; Ishimura, Toyoho; Yokoyama, Takaomi D; Sakata, Shuhei; Hirata, Takafumi; Iwatsuki, Teruki; Mizuno, Takashi

2016-03-07

The stimulation of bacterial activities that convert hexavalent uranium, U(VI), to tetravalent uranium, U(IV), appears to be feasible for cost-effective remediation of contaminated aquifers. However, U(VI) reduction typically results in the precipitation of U(IV) particles less than 5 nanometers in diameter, except for environmental conditions enriched with iron. Because these tiny particles are mobile and susceptible to oxidative dissolution after the termination of nutrient injection, in situ bioremediation remains to be impractical. Here we show that U(IV) nanoparticles of coffinite (U(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x) formed in fracture-filling calcium carbonate in a granitic aquifer. In situ U-Pb isotope dating demonstrates that U(IV) nanoparticles have been sequestered in the calcium carbonate for at least 1 million years. As the microbiologically induced precipitation of calcium carbonate in aquifer systems worldwide is extremely common, we anticipate simultaneous stimulation of microbial activities for precipitation reactions of calcium carbonate and U(IV) nanoparticles, which leads to long-term sequestration of uranium and other radionuclides in contaminated aquifers and deep geological repositories.

Embryotoxicity and fetotoxicity following intraperitoneal administrations of hexavalent chromium to pregnant rats.

PubMed

Marouani, Neila; Tebourbi, Olfa; Mokni, Moncef; Yacoubi, Mohamed Tahar; Sakly, Mohsen; Benkhalifa, Moncef; Ben Rhouma, Khémais

2011-08-01

Heavy metals are omnipresent in the environment, and industrial use has greatly increased their presence in soil, water and air. Their inevitable transfer to the human food chain remains an important environmental issue as many heavy metals cause a range of toxic effects, including developmental toxicity. Administration of chromium VI (1 and 2 mg/kg as potassium dichromate) through intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection during organogenesis (days 6 to 15 of gestation) in rats revealed embryo- and fetotoxic effects. Reduced fetal weight, retarded fetal development, number of fetuses per mother and high incidences of dead fetuses and resorptions in treated mothers were also observed. Gross morphological abnormalities, such as displayed form of edema, facial defect, lack of tail, hypotrophy, severs subdermal haemorrhage patches and hypotrophy of placenta were observed in fetuses after chromium VI-treated mothers. A skeletal development of fetuses presented an incomplete ossification in nasal, cranium, abdominal or caudal bones in rats treated with 1 mg/kg of chromium, whereas rats treated with 2 mg/kg showed ossification and absence of the sacral vertebrae compared with the control. At a higher dose of chromium, histological changes were found in fetuses with atrophy of theirs vital organs. Placental histological observations revealed a pronounced morphological alteration, with atrophy of decidual cells, a degenerated of chorionic villi and hypertrophy of blood lacuna. The present study suggests a risk to the developing embryo when the mother is exposed to a high concentration of chromium VI during organogenesis.

Characterization and application of the hetero-junction ZnFe2O4/TiO2 for Cr(VI) reduction under visible light

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rekhila, G.; Trari, M.; Bessekhouad, Y.

2017-06-01

The spinel ZnFe2O4 prepared by nitrate route is used as dispersed photons collector capable to sensitize TiO2 under visible light and to reduce Cr(VI) into trivalent state. The transport properties, optical and photo-electrochemical characterizations are correlated, to build the energetic diagram of the hetero-system ZnFe2O4/TiO2/CrO4 - solution. A gap of 1.97 eV is obtained for the spinel from the diffuse reflectance. The conduction band of ZnFe2O4 (-1.47 V SCE) favors the electrons injection into TiO2, permitting a physical separation of the charge carriers. The oxidation of oxalic acid by photoholes prevents the corrosion of the spinel. The best configuration ZnFe2O4 (75 %)/TiO2 (25 %) is used to catalyze the downhill reaction (2HCrO4 - + 3C2H4O4 + 1.5O2 + 8H+ → 2Cr3+ + 6CO2 + 11 H2O, Δ G° = -557 kcal mol-1). 60 % of Cr(VI) are reduced after 3 h of visible light illumination and the photoactivity follows a first-order kinetic with a half-life of 70 min. The water reduction competes with the HCrO4 - reduction which is the reason in the regression of the photoactivity; a hydrogen evolution rate of 24 µmol mg-1 h-1 is obtained.

Management of Adults With Acute Migraine in the Emergency Department: The American Headache Society Evidence Assessment of Parenteral Pharmacotherapies.

PubMed

Orr, Serena L; Friedman, Benjamin W; Christie, Suzanne; Minen, Mia T; Bamford, Cynthia; Kelley, Nancy E; Tepper, Deborah

2016-06-01

To provide evidence-based treatment recommendations for adults with acute migraine who require treatment with injectable medication in an emergency department (ED). We addressed two clinically relevant questions: (1) Which injectable medications should be considered first-line treatment for adults who present to an ED with acute migraine? (2) Do parenteral corticosteroids prevent recurrence of migraine in adults discharged from an ED? The American Headache Society convened an expert panel of authors who defined a search strategy and then performed a search of Medline, Embase, the Cochrane database and clinical trial registries from inception through 2015. Identified articles were rated using the American Academy of Neurology's risk of bias tool. For each medication, the expert panel determined likelihood of efficacy. Recommendations were created accounting for efficacy, adverse events, availability of alternate therapies, and principles of medication action. The search identified 68 unique randomized controlled trials utilizing 28 injectable medications. Of these, 19 were rated class 1 (low risk of bias), 21 were rated class 2 (higher risk of bias), and 28 were rated class 3 (highest risk of bias). Metoclopramide, prochlorperazine, and sumatriptan each had multiple class 1 studies supporting acute efficacy, as did dexamethasone for prevention of headache recurrence. All other medications had lower levels of evidence. Intravenous metoclopramide and prochlorperazine, and subcutaneous sumatriptan should be offered to eligible adults who present to an ED with acute migraine (Should offer-Level B). Dexamethasone should be offered to these patients to prevent recurrence of headache (Should offer-Level B). Because of lack of evidence demonstrating efficacy and concern about sub-acute or long-term sequelae, injectable morphine and hydromorphone are best avoided as first-line therapy (May avoid-Level C). © 2016 American Headache Society.

Developing Worksheet (LKS) Base on Process Skills in Curriculum 2013 at Elementary School Grade IV,V,VI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Subhan, M.; Oktolita, N.; Kn, M.

2018-04-01

The Lacks of students' skills in the learning process is due to lacks of exercises in the form of LKS. In the curriculum of 2013, there is no LKS as a companion to improve the students' skills. In order to solve those problem, it is necessary to develop LKS based on process skills as a teaching material to improve students' process skills. The purpose of this study is to develop LKS Process Skills based elementary school grade IV, V, VI which is integrated by process skill. The development of LKS can be used to develop the thematic process skills of elementary school students grade IV, V, VI based on curriculum 2013. The expected long-term goal is to produce teaching materials LKS Process Skill based of Thematic learning that is able to develop the process skill of elementary school students grade IV, V, VI. This development research refers to the steps developed by Borg & Gall (1983). The development process is carried out through 10 stages: preliminary research and gathering information, planning, draft development, initial test (limited trial), first product revision, final trial (field trial), product operational revision, Desemination and implementation. The limited subject of the this research is the students of SDN in Dharmasraya grade IV, V, VI. The field trial subjects in the experimental class are the students of SDN Dharmasraya grade IV, V, VI who have implemented the curriculum 2013. The data are collected by using LKS validation sheets, process skill observation sheets, and Thematic learning test (pre-test And post-test). The result of LKS development on the validity score is 81.70 (very valid), on practical score is 83.94 (very practical), and on effectiveness score is 86.67 (very effective). In the trial step the use of LKS using One Group Pretest-Posttest Design research design. The purpose of this trial is to know the effectiveness level of LKS result of development for improving the process skill of students in grade IV, V, and VI of elementary school. The data collection in this research uses the test result sheet of the process skill through pre-test and post-test. Observation results were analyzed with SPSS 16.0 software. The Result of analysis learning process of student skill of Sig value. (2-tailed) (0,000) <α (0.005) then H0 is rejected. There is a significant difference to the development of process skills between students using LKS with students who do not use LKS. It can be concluded that LKS have accuracy, ease and can improve result learn on aspect of skill process of student of grade IV, V and VI elementary school.

On the Changes in Lift of Hydrofoils Due to Surface Injections of Polymer Additives

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-02-01

detailed dese rip tion oVi oh- J ectives . A discuosl on of’ the var~ous phyviva mechnnisms ILhat have boen pos tul a td i~n the U.1. Le ro uy to vxp 1 a...C’. C, .C’, CN 40 ’ 0 ’ ft V2 *Scn CN 0 .P. C, C, C. 0~ V, C3s0 0 s0S) -4 it 0kI l t (- to 55551 C. C!, 4" C, C .* ik kI4 4~~~ ~ *: it c 4 L 1% It

In situ bioremediation of uranium with emulsified vegetable oil as the electron donor.

PubMed

Watson, David B; Wu, Wei-Min; Mehlhorn, Tonia; Tang, Guoping; Earles, Jennifer; Lowe, Kenneth; Gihring, Thomas M; Zhang, Gengxin; Phillips, Jana; Boyanov, Maxim I; Spalding, Brian P; Schadt, Christopher; Kemner, Kenneth M; Criddle, Craig S; Jardine, Philip M; Brooks, Scott C

2013-06-18

A field test with a one-time emulsified vegetable oil (EVO) injection was conducted to assess the capacity of EVO to sustain uranium bioreduction in a high-permeability gravel layer with groundwater concentrations of (mM) U, 0.0055; Ca, 2.98; NO3(-), 0.11; HCO3(-), 5.07; and SO4(2-), 1.23. Comparison of bromide and EVO migration and distribution indicated that a majority of the injected EVO was retained in the subsurface from the injection wells to 50 m downgradient. Nitrate, uranium, and sulfate were sequentially removed from the groundwater within 1-2 weeks, accompanied by an increase in acetate, Mn, Fe, and methane concentrations. Due to the slow release and degradation of EVO with time, reducing conditions were sustained for approximately one year, and daily U discharge to a creek, located approximately 50 m from the injection wells, decreased by 80% within 100 days. Total U discharge was reduced by 50% over the one-year period. Reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) was confirmed by synchrotron analysis of recovered aquifer solids. Oxidants (e.g., dissolved oxygen, nitrate) flowing in from upgradient appeared to reoxidize and remobilize uranium after the EVO was exhausted as evidenced by a transient increase of U concentration above ambient values. Occasional (e.g., annual) EVO injection into a permeable Ca and bicarbonate-containing aquifer can sustain uranium bioreduction/immobilization and decrease U migration/discharge.

Intratympanic treatment of intractable unilateral Meniere disease: gentamicin or dexamethasone? A randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Casani, Augusto Pietro; Piaggi, Paolo; Cerchiai, Niccolò; Seccia, Veronica; Franceschini, Stefano Sellari; Dallan, Iacopo

2012-03-01

To determine the efficacy and safety of low-dose intratympanic gentamicin (ITG) compared with intratympanic dexamethasone (ITD) in patients with intractable unilateral Ménière disease (MD). Open prospective randomized controlled study. Tertiary referral center. Sixty patients affected by definite unilateral MD were enrolled between January 1, 2007, and June 30, 2008. Thirty-two patients were treated with a buffered gentamicin solution injected in the middle ear (maximum of 2 injections); 28 patients were treated with ITD (4 mg/mL, 3 injections at intervals of 1 every 3 days). Mean outcome measurements consisted of control of vertigo attacks, pure tone average (PTA), speech discrimination score, functional disability score, and statistical analysis using repeated measures analysis of variance. In the ITG group at 2-year follow-up, complete control of vertigo (class A) was achieved in 26 patients (81%) and substantial control of vertigo (class B) in 4 patients (12.5%). In the ITD group, class A was achieved in 12 (43%), and class B in 5 (18%) patients. In the gentamicin group, 4 patients showed a reduction in PTA of ≥10 dB. In the ITD group, PTA was unchanged or slightly improved in 16 patients (belonging to class A-B) and worse in 12. Low-dose ITG achieved better outcome than ITD in the control of vertigo attacks in patients suffering from unilateral MD, with a very low incidence of hearing deterioration. ITD offers poorer vertigo control rate, and hearing preservation is achieved only in cases with no vertigo recurrences.

21 CFR 522.1362 - Melarsomine dihydrochloride for injection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... treatment and the condition, age, and use of the dog. For severe (class 3) heartworm disease: Single..., stage L5) to mature adult infections of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs. (3) Limitations. Administer only by deep intramuscular injection in the lumbar muscles (L3-L5). Use a 23 gauge 1 inch needle for dogs less...

21 CFR 522.1362 - Melarsomine dihydrochloride for injection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... treatment and the condition, age, and use of the dog. For severe (class 3) heartworm disease: Single..., stage L5) to mature adult infections of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs. (3) Limitations. Administer only by deep intramuscular injection in the lumbar muscles (L3-L5). Use a 23 gauge 1 inch needle for dogs less...

21 CFR 522.1362 - Melarsomine dihydrochloride for injection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... treatment and the condition, age, and use of the dog. For severe (class 3) heartworm disease: Single..., stage L5) to mature adult infections of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs. (3) Limitations. Administer only by deep intramuscular injection in the lumbar muscles (L3-L5). Use a 23 gauge 1 inch needle for dogs less...

21 CFR 522.1362 - Melarsomine dihydrochloride for injection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... treatment and the condition, age, and use of the dog. For severe (class 3) heartworm disease: Single..., stage L5) to mature adult infections of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs. (3) Limitations. Administer only by deep intramuscular injection in the lumbar muscles (L3-L5). Use a 23 gauge 1 inch needle for dogs less...

40 CFR 146.12 - Construction requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... water. The casing and cement used in the construction of each newly drilled well shall be designed for... intervals; and (7) Type or grade of cement. (c) All Class I injection wells, except those municipal wells... injection zone, or tubing with an approved fluid seal as an alternative. The tubing, packer, and fluid seal...

40 CFR 147.3005 - Radioactive waste injection wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Radioactive waste injection wells. 147... wells. Notwithstanding §§ 144.24 and 146.51(b) of this chapter, owners and operators of wells used to... permitting requirements pertaining to Class I wells in parts 124, 144 and 146 of this chapter, as modified...

The Expression of Distress by Children Receiving Medical Treatment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ballard, Brenda D.; Gipson, Martin

The nature of children's distress reactions to medical treatment is examined in terms of age and sex differences and initial normative data are provided. Predominately white, middle class children, ages 1 to 11, were observed while receiving allergy treatment injections. Males were observed on 453 injection occasions while females were observed on…

40 CFR 146.71 - Closure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Waste Injection Wells § 146.71 Closure. (a) Closure Plan. The owner or operator of a Class I hazardous waste injection well shall prepare, maintain, and comply with a plan for closure of the well that meets... of material to be used in plugging; (iv) The method of placement of the plugs; (v) Any proposed test...

Charge injection and discharging of Si nanocrystals and arrays by atomic force microscopy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boer, E.; Ostraat, M.; Brongersma, M. L.; Flagan, R. C.; Atwater, H. A.

2000-01-01

Charge injection and storage in dense arrays of silicon nanocrystals in SiO(sub 2) is a critical aspect of the performance of potential nanocrystal flash memory structures. The ultimate goal for this class of devices is few-or single- electron storage in a small number of nanocrystal elements.

Botulinum toxin as a therapeutic agent to prevent relapse in deep bite patients.

PubMed

Mücke, Thomas; Löffel, Anja; Kanatas, Anastasios; Karnezi, Sandy; Rana, Majeed; Fichter, Andreas; Haarmann, Stephan; Wolff, Klaus-Dietrich; Loeffelbein, Denys John

2016-05-01

The etiology of deep bite is multifactorial. One of the causes is increased muscular activity. This makes the treatment of deep bite malocclusions difficult and often results in relapse in many cases. In this work we compared patients with surgical orthognathic treatment only and surgical orthognathic treatment with additional injections of botulinum toxin after mandibular advancement for class II division 2 malocclusion. This is a prospective study. Adult patients were assessed pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and long-term after 1 year (T3). In total, 32 patients (mean age, 30.7 years; 23 women and 9 men) reached the study end point (T3); 24 patients were treated without botulinum toxin and 8 patients received preoperative injections of botulinum toxin. Significant differences between both groups were observed, with a more stable result for the experimental group treated with botulinum toxin. In a selective group of adult patients with a class II division II incisor relationship and with a class II skeletal base, botulinum toxin injections can effectively prevent relapse. This may present an alternative to a conventional myotomy. Copyright © 2016 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Infantile acropustulosis revisited: history of scabies and response to topical corticosteroids.

PubMed

Mancini, A J; Frieden, I J; Paller, A S

1998-01-01

Infantile acropustulosis (IA) is a condition of young children characterized by recurrent episodes of pruritic vesicles and pustules in an acral distribution. Several reports describe patients with scabies infestation prior to the diagnosis of IA, although the relationship between the two remains unclear. Furthermore, optimal therapy is controversial. We reviewed the history of scabies and response to therapy in 21 patients diagnosed with IA at two institutions between 1983 and 1997. A history of prior treatment for scabies was noted in 14 patients, although only two had mites, feces, or ova detected on microscopic examination for diagnostic verification. All patients were treated with topical corticosteroids (4 with class I, 12 with class II, 3 with class III, 1 with class IV, and 1 with class VI). All 18 patients who returned for follow-up experienced significant improvement or cleared completely with treatment. There were no observed cutaneous or systemic side effects from corticosteroid therapy. We conclude that a history of preceding scabies is common in patients with IA, but often this diagnosis is made without microscopic confirmation. We also demonstrate that mid- to high-potency topical corticosteroids are a safe and effective first-line therapy for patients with IA.

Alteration of Occlusal Plane in Orthognathic Surgery: Clinical Features to Help Treatment Planning on Class III Patients

PubMed Central

Costa, Tony Eduardo; Barbosa, Saulo de Matos; Pereira, Rodrigo Alvitos; Chaves Netto, Henrique Duque de Miranda

2018-01-01

Dentofacial deformities (DFD) presenting mainly as Class III malocclusions that require orthognathic surgery as a part of definitive treatment. Class III patients can have obvious signs such as increasing the chin projection and chin throat length, nasolabial folds, reverse overjet, and lack of upper lip support. However, Class III patients can present different facial patterns depending on the angulation of occlusal plane (OP), and only bite correction does not always lead to the improvement of the facial esthetic. We described two Class III patients with different clinical features and inclination of OP and had undergone different treatment planning based on 6 clinical features: (I) facial type; (II) upper incisor display at rest; (III) dental and gingival display on smile; (IV) soft tissue support; (V) chin projection; and (VI) lower lip projection. These patients were submitted to orthognathic surgery with different treatment plannings: a clockwise rotation and counterclockwise rotation of OP according to their facial features. The clinical features and OP inclination helped to define treatment planning by clockwise and counterclockwise rotations of the maxillomandibular complex, and two patients undergone to bimaxillary orthognathic surgery showed harmonic outcomes and stables after 2 years of follow-up. PMID:29854480

Comparison of toxicity rankings of six aircraft cabin polymers by lethality and by incapacitation in rats.

PubMed

Sanders, D C; Endecott, B R; Chaturvedi, A K

1992-10-01

Polymeric aircraft cabin materials have the potential to produce toxic gases in fires. Lethality (LC50) in animal models is a standard index to rank polymers on the basis of their combustion toxicity. However, the use of times-to-incapacitation (ti) may be more realistic for predicting relative escape times from a fire. Therefore, LC50 and ti for polymers, polyamide (I), polystyrene (II), Nylon 6/6 (III), polysulfone (IV), polyethylene (V) and chlorinated polyethylene (VI), of different chemical classes were determined and compared. Male rats, 12/fuel loading, were exposed to the pyrolysis products from selected weights of each polymer for 30 min in a 265-L combustion/exposure system, and LC50 values were determined following a 14-d observation period. For each polymer, ti was measured at 16 g and at its respective LC50 using the inability of rats (n greater than or equal to 12) to walk in rotating cages as a criterion for incapacitation. LC50 (45.7-87.5 mg/L) of the polymers had the order of I less than II approximately III less than IV less than V less than VI, while their ti (6.6-21.1 min) at 16 g (60 mg/L) had the order of III approximately I less than V approximately II less than VI less than IV. Based on ti at LC50, polymers were grouped into III & V; I, II & VI; and IV. LC50 and ti did not exhibit the same relative toxic hazard rankings for these polymers; ti were also not equal at the LC50 concentrations. These findings demonstrate the possible involvement of different mechanisms of action for the combustion products of these polymers at the selected end points.

The Opportunistic Pathogen Serratia marcescens Utilizes Type VI Secretion To Target Bacterial Competitors ▿†

PubMed Central

Murdoch, Sarah L.; Trunk, Katharina; English, Grant; Fritsch, Maximilian J.; Pourkarimi, Ehsan; Coulthurst, Sarah J.

2011-01-01

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is the most recently described and least understood of the protein secretion systems of Gram-negative bacteria. It is widely distributed and has been implicated in the virulence of various pathogens, but its mechanism and exact mode of action remain to be defined. Additionally there have been several very recent reports that some T6SSs can target bacteria rather than eukaryotic cells. Serratia marcescens is an opportunistic enteric pathogen, a class of bacteria responsible for a significant proportion of hospital-acquired infections. We describe the identification of a functional T6SS in S. marcescens strain Db10, the first report of type VI secretion by an opportunist enteric bacterium. The T6SS of S. marcescens Db10 is active, with secretion of Hcp to the culture medium readily detected, and is expressed constitutively under normal growth conditions from a large transcriptional unit. Expression of the T6SS genes did not appear to be dependent on the integrity of the T6SS. The S. marcescens Db10 T6SS is not required for virulence in three nonmammalian virulence models. It does, however, exhibit dramatic antibacterial killing activity against several other bacterial species and is required for S. marcescens to persist in a mixed culture with another opportunist pathogen, Enterobacter cloacae. Importantly, this antibacterial killing activity is highly strain specific, with the S. marcescens Db10 T6SS being highly effective against another strain of S. marcescens with a very similar and active T6SS. We conclude that type VI secretion plays a crucial role in the competitiveness, and thus indirectly the virulence, of S. marcescens and other opportunistic bacterial pathogens. PMID:21890705

Structural insight into the activation of a class B G-protein-coupled receptor by peptide hormones in live human cells

PubMed Central

Seidel, Lisa; Zarzycka, Barbara; Zaidi, Saheem A; Katritch, Vsevolod; Coin, Irene

2017-01-01

The activation mechanism of class B G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) remains largely unknown. To characterize conformational changes induced by peptide hormones, we investigated interactions of the class B corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 (CRF1R) with two peptide agonists and three peptide antagonists obtained by N-truncation of the agonists. Surface mapping with genetically encoded photo-crosslinkers and pair-wise crosslinking revealed distinct footprints of agonists and antagonists on the transmembrane domain (TMD) of CRF1R and identified numerous ligand-receptor contact sites, directly from the intact receptor in live human cells. The data enabled generating atomistic models of CRF- and CRF(12-41)-bound CRF1R, further explored by molecular dynamics simulations. We show that bound agonist and antagonist adopt different folds and stabilize distinct TMD conformations, which involves bending of helices VI and VII around flexible glycine hinges. Conservation of these glycine hinges among all class B GPCRs suggests their general role in activation of these receptors. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.27711.001 PMID:28771403

40 CFR 147.501 - EPA-administered program-Class II wells and Indian lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... wells and Indian lands. 147.501 Section 147.501 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Florida § 147.501 EPA-administered program—Class II wells and Indian lands. (a) Contents...

27 CFR 24.190 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... container, the wine is classed and taxed as sparkling wine. The use of carbon dioxide, nitrogen gas, or a... wine. Wine carbonated by injection of carbon dioxide is classed and taxed as artificially carbonated... sparkling wine or artificially carbonated wine, may not have an alcohol content in excess of 14 percent by...

40 CFR 147.501 - EPA-administered program-Class II wells and Indian lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... wells and Indian lands. 147.501 Section 147.501 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Florida § 147.501 EPA-administered program—Class II wells and Indian lands. (a) Contents...

Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I binding to dental primary afferent projections in the spinal trigeminal complex combined with double immunolabeling of substance P and GABA elements using peroxidase and colloidal gold.

PubMed

Matthews, M A; Hoffmann, K D; Hernandez, T V

1989-01-01

Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I) is a plant lectin with an affinity for L-fucosyl residues in the chains of lactoseries oligosaccharides associated with medium- and smaller-diameter dorsal root ganglion neurons and their axonal processes. These enter Lissauer's tract and terminate within the superficial laminae of the spinal cord overlapping projections known to have a nociceptive function. This implies that the surface coatings of neuronal membranes may have a relationship with functional modalities. The present investigation further examined this concept by studying a neuronal projection with a nociceptive function to determine whether fucosyl-lactoseries residues were incorporated in its primary afferent terminals. Transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) following injection into tooth pulp chambers was employed to demonstrate dental pulp terminals in the trigeminal spinal complex, while peroxidase and fluorescent tags were used concomitantly to stain for UEA-I. Double immunolabeling for substance P (SP) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) using peroxidase and colloidal gold allowed a comparison of the distribution of a known excitatory nociceptive transmitter with that of UEA-I binding in specific subnuclei. Synaptic interrelationships between UEA-I positive dental pulp primary afferent inputs and specific inhibitory terminals were also examined. SP immunoreactivity occurred in laminae I and outer lamina II (IIo) of subnucleus caudalis (Vc) and in the ventrolateral and lateral marginal region of the caudal half of subnucleus interpolaris (Vi), including the periobex area in which Vi is slightly overlapped on its lateral aspect by cellular elements of Vc. The adjacent interstitial nucleus (IN) also showed an intense immunoreactivity for this peptide antibody. UEA-I binding displayed a similar distribution pattern in both Vc and Vi, but extended into lamina IIi and the superficial part of Lamina III in Vc. Dental pulp terminals were found to have a comparable distribution; however, many extended into the dorsal portion of the caudal half of Vi and the ventromedial quadrant of rostral Vi. Electron-microscopic analysis showed that transganglionically labeled dental pulp terminals contained ovoid, complex membrane-bound vacuoles laden with transported HRP. The preterminal axon and synaptic membranes of those dental pulp terminals located in zones of Vc and Vi displaying an affinity for UEA-I were usually characterized by a patchy, electron-dense coating of the peroxidase tag. SP was demonstrated ultrastructurally with Protein-A colloidal gold (3-nm particles), whereas GABA immunoreactivity was revealed by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Ethanol Seeking by Long Evans Rats Is Not Always a Goal-Directed Behavior

PubMed Central

Mangieri, Regina A.; Cofresí, Roberto U.; Gonzales, Rueben A.

2012-01-01

Background Two parallel and interacting processes are said to underlie animal behavior, whereby learning and performance of a behavior is at first via conscious and deliberate (goal-directed) processes, but after initial acquisition, the behavior can become automatic and stimulus-elicited (habitual). With respect to instrumental behaviors, animal learning studies suggest that the duration of training and the action-outcome contingency are two factors involved in the emergence of habitual seeking of “natural” reinforcers (e.g., sweet solutions, food or sucrose pellets). To rigorously test whether behaviors reinforced by abused substances such as ethanol, in particular, similarly become habitual was the primary aim of this study. Methodology/Principal Findings Male Long Evans rats underwent extended or limited operant lever press training with 10% sucrose/10% ethanol (10S10E) reinforcement (variable interval (VI) or (VR) ratio schedule of reinforcement), or with 10% sucrose (10S) reinforcement (VI schedule only). Once training and pretesting were complete, the impact of outcome devaluation on operant behavior was evaluated after lithium chloride injections were paired with the reinforcer, or unpaired 24 hours later. After limited, but not extended instrumental training, lever pressing by groups trained under VR with 10S10E and under VI with 10S was sensitive to outcome devaluation. In contrast, responding by both the extended and limited training 10S10E VI groups was not sensitive to ethanol devaluation during the test for habitual behavior. Conclusions/Significance Operant behavior by rats trained to self-administer an ethanol-sucrose solution showed variable sensitivity to a change in the value of ethanol, with relative insensitivity developing sooner in animals that received time-variable ethanol reinforcement during training sessions. One important implication, with respect to substance abuse in humans, is that initial learning about the relationship between instrumental actions and the opportunity to consume ethanol-containing drinks can influence the time course for the development or expression of habitual ethanol seeking behavior. PMID:22870342

Combined nano-biotechnology for in-situ remediation of mixed contamination of groundwater by hexavalent chromium and chlorinated solvents.

PubMed

Němeček, Jan; Pokorný, Petr; Lhotský, Ondřej; Knytl, Vladislav; Najmanová, Petra; Steinová, Jana; Černík, Miroslav; Filipová, Alena; Filip, Jan; Cajthaml, Tomáš

2016-09-01

The present report describes a 13month pilot remediation study that consists of a combination of Cr(VI) (4.4 to 57mg/l) geofixation and dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes (400 to 6526μg/l), achieved by the sequential use of nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) particles and in situ biotic reduction supported by whey injection. The remediation process was monitored using numerous techniques, including physical-chemical analyses and molecular biology approaches which enabled both the characterization of the mechanisms involved in pollutant transformation and the description of the overall background processes of the treatment. The results revealed that nZVI was efficient toward Cr(VI) by itself and completely removed it from the groundwater (LOQ 0.05mg/l) and the subsequent application of whey resulted in a high removal of chlorinated ethenes (97 to 99%). The persistence of the reducing conditions, even after the depletion of the organic substrates, indicated a complementarity between nZVI and the whey phases in the combined technology as the subsequent application of whey phase partially assisted the microbial regeneration of the spent nZVI by promoting its reduction into Fe(II), which further supported remediation conditions at the site. Illumina sequencing and the detection of functional vcrA and bvcA genes documented a development in the reducing microbes (iron-reducing, sulfate-reducing and chlororespiring bacteria) that benefited under the conditions of the site and that was probably responsible for the high dechlorination and/or Cr(VI) reduction. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility and high efficiency of the combined nano-biotechnological approach of nZVI and whey application in-situ for the removal of Cr(VI) and chlorinated ethenes from the groundwater of the contaminated site. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Transcriptome Engineering with RNA-Targeting Type VI-D CRISPR Effectors.

PubMed

Konermann, Silvana; Lotfy, Peter; Brideau, Nicholas J; Oki, Jennifer; Shokhirev, Maxim N; Hsu, Patrick D

2018-04-19

Class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems endow microbes with diverse mechanisms for adaptive immunity. Here, we analyzed prokaryotic genome and metagenome sequences to identify an uncharacterized family of RNA-guided, RNA-targeting CRISPR systems that we classify as type VI-D. Biochemical characterization and protein engineering of seven distinct orthologs generated a ribonuclease effector derived from Ruminococcus flavefaciens XPD3002 (CasRx) with robust activity in human cells. CasRx-mediated knockdown exhibits high efficiency and specificity relative to RNA interference across diverse endogenous transcripts. As one of the most compact single-effector Cas enzymes, CasRx can also be flexibly packaged into adeno-associated virus. We target virally encoded, catalytically inactive CasRx to cis elements of pre-mRNA to manipulate alternative splicing, alleviating dysregulated tau isoform ratios in a neuronal model of frontotemporal dementia. Our results present CasRx as a programmable RNA-binding module for efficient targeting of cellular RNA, enabling a general platform for transcriptome engineering and future therapeutic development. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 144.82 - What must I do to protect underground sources of drinking water?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What must I do to protect underground sources of drinking water? 144.82 Section 144.82 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM Requirements for Owners and Operators of Class V Injection Wells...

40 CFR 147.251 - EPA-administered program-Class I, III, IV and V wells and Indian lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., IV and V wells and Indian lands. 147.251 Section 147.251 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS California § 147.251 EPA-administered program—Class I, III, IV and V wells and...

40 CFR 147.301 - EPA-administered program-Class I, III, IV, V wells and Indian lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., IV, V wells and Indian lands. 147.301 Section 147.301 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Colorado § 147.301 EPA-administered program—Class I, III, IV, V wells and Indian...

40 CFR 146.10 - Plugging and abandoning Class I, II, III, IV, and V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM: CRITERIA AND STANDARDS General... of drinking water. The Director may allow Class III wells to use other plugging materials if the... sources of drinking water. (2) Placement of the cement plugs shall be accomplished by one of the following...

40 CFR 147.751 - EPA-administered program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Indiana § 147.751 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands, and for Class I, III, IV, and V wells on non-Indian lands in the State of Indiana is administered by the EPA. The...

40 CFR 147.751 - EPA-administered program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Indiana § 147.751 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands, and for Class I, III, IV, and V wells on non-Indian lands in the State of Indiana is administered by the EPA. The...

40 CFR 147.101 - EPA-administered program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Alaska § 147.101 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program in the State of Alaska for Class I, III, IV, and V wells, and for all classes of wells on Indian lands, is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

40 CFR 146.15 - Class I municipal disposal well alternative authorization in certain parts of Florida.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM... ground water monitoring data generated pursuant to regulatory requirements governing operation of Class I...-600.420(1)(d), and using high-level disinfection in a manner that is no less stringent than the...

40 CFR 146.15 - Class I municipal disposal well alternative authorization in certain parts of Florida.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM... ground water monitoring data generated pursuant to regulatory requirements governing operation of Class I...-600.420(1)(d), and using high-level disinfection in a manner that is no less stringent than the...

40 CFR 146.15 - Class I municipal disposal well alternative authorization in certain parts of Florida.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM... ground water monitoring data generated pursuant to regulatory requirements governing operation of Class I...-600.420(1)(d), and using high-level disinfection in a manner that is no less stringent than the...

40 CFR 146.15 - Class I municipal disposal well alternative authorization in certain parts of Florida.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM... ground water monitoring data generated pursuant to regulatory requirements governing operation of Class I...-600.420(1)(d), and using high-level disinfection in a manner that is no less stringent than the...

40 CFR 146.15 - Class I municipal disposal well alternative authorization in certain parts of Florida.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM... ground water monitoring data generated pursuant to regulatory requirements governing operation of Class I...-600.420(1)(d), and using high-level disinfection in a manner that is no less stringent than the...

40 CFR 147.304 - Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule. 147.304 Section 147.304 Protection of Environment... UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Colorado § 147.304 Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon... the owner or operator of an existing enhanced recovery or hydrocarbon storage well may not be in...

40 CFR 147.904 - Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule. 147.904 Section 147.904 Protection of Environment... UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Kentucky § 147.904 Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon... the owner or operator of an existing enhanced recovery or hydrocarbon storage well may not be in...

40 CFR 147.104 - Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule. 147.104 Section 147.104 Protection of Environment... UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Alaska § 147.104 Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon... the owner or operator of an existing enhanced recovery or hydrocarbon storage well may not be in...

40 CFR 147.904 - Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule. 147.904 Section 147.904 Protection of Environment... UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Kentucky § 147.904 Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon... the owner or operator of an existing enhanced recovery or hydrocarbon storage well may not be in...

40 CFR 147.1354 - Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule. 147.1354 Section 147.1354 Protection of Environment... UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Montana § 147.1354 Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon... existing enhanced recovery or hydrocarbon storage well may not be in compliance with the requirements of...

40 CFR 147.1354 - Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule. 147.1354 Section 147.1354 Protection of Environment... UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Montana § 147.1354 Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon... existing enhanced recovery or hydrocarbon storage well may not be in compliance with the requirements of...

40 CFR 147.104 - Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule. 147.104 Section 147.104 Protection of Environment... UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Alaska § 147.104 Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon... the owner or operator of an existing enhanced recovery or hydrocarbon storage well may not be in...

40 CFR 147.304 - Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule. 147.304 Section 147.304 Protection of Environment... UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Colorado § 147.304 Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon... the owner or operator of an existing enhanced recovery or hydrocarbon storage well may not be in...

40 CFR 147.503 - Existing Class II (except enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage) wells authorized by rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Existing Class II (except enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage) wells authorized by rule. 147.503 Section 147.503 Protection of... recovery and hydrocarbon storage) wells authorized by rule. Maximum injection pressure. To meet the...

40 CFR 147.503 - Existing Class II (except enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage) wells authorized by rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Existing Class II (except enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage) wells authorized by rule. 147.503 Section 147.503 Protection of... recovery and hydrocarbon storage) wells authorized by rule. Maximum injection pressure. To meet the...

40 CFR 147.251 - EPA-administered program-Class I, III, IV and V wells and Indian lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., IV and V wells and Indian lands. 147.251 Section 147.251 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS California § 147.251 EPA-administered program—Class I, III, IV and V wells and...

40 CFR 147.301 - EPA-administered program-Class I, III, IV, V wells and Indian lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., IV, V wells and Indian lands. 147.301 Section 147.301 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Colorado § 147.301 EPA-administered program—Class I, III, IV, V wells and Indian...

Apparatus for forming thin-film heterojunction solar cells employing materials selected from the class of I-III-VI.sub.2 chalcopyrite compounds

DOEpatents

Mickelsen, Reid A.; Chen, Wen S.

1983-01-01

Apparatus for forming thin-film, large area solar cells having a relatively high light-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency and characterized in that the cell comprises a p-n-type heterojunction formed of: (i) a first semiconductor layer comprising a photovoltaic active material selected from the class of I-III-VI.sub.2 chalcopyrite ternary materials which is vacuum deposited in a thin "composition-graded" layer ranging from on the order of about 2.5 microns to about 5.0 microns (.congruent.2.5 .mu.m to .congruent.5.0 .mu.m) and wherein the lower region of the photovoltaic active material preferably comprises a low resistivity region of p-type semiconductor material having a superimposed region of relatively high resistivity, transient n-type semiconductor material defining a transient p-n homojunction; and (ii), a second semiconductor layer comprising a low resistivity n-type semiconductor material wherein interdiffusion (a) between the elemental constituents of the two discrete juxtaposed regions of the first semiconductor layer defining a transient p-n homojunction layer, and (b) between the transient n-type material in the first semiconductor layer and the second n-type semiconductor layer, causes the transient n-type material in the first semiconductor layer to evolve into p-type material, thereby defining a thin layer heterojunction device characterized by the absence of voids, vacancies and nodules which tend to reduce the energy conversion efficiency of the system.

Tin-117m-labeled stannic (Sn.sup.4+) chelates

DOEpatents

Srivastava, Suresh C.; Meinken, George E.; Richards, Powell

1985-01-01

The radiopharmaceutical reagents of this invention and the class of Tin-117m radiopharmaceuticals are therapeutic and diagnostic agents that incorporate gamma-emitting nuclides that localize in bone after intravenous injection in mammals (mice, rats, dogs, and rabbits). Images reflecting bone structure or function can then be obtained by a scintillation camera that detects the distribution of ionizing radiation emitted by the radioactive agent. Tin-117m-labeled chelates of stannic tin localize almost exclusively in cortical bone. Upon intravenous injection of the reagent, the preferred chelates are phosphonate compounds, preferable, PYP, MDP, EHDP, and DTPA. This class of reagents is therapeutically and diagnostically useful in skeletal scintigraphy and for the radiotherapy of bone tumors and other disorders.

Lupus nephritis in Lebanon.

PubMed

Uthman, I W; Muffarij, A A; Mudawar, W A; Nasr, F W; Masri, A F

2001-01-01

This is a retrospective study of the clinicopathological characteristics of 50 systemic lupus erythematosus patients with nephritis who underwent a kidney biopsy and were admitted to the American University of Beirut Medical Center, in Lebanon, between 1979 and 1999. There were 43 females and seven males, with a median age of 24 y. Renal histology slides from these patients were assessed according to the World Health Organization classification, and were distributed as follows: class I (n = 3, 6%); class II (n = 14, 28%); class III (n = 11, 22%); class IV (n = 19, 38%); class V (n = 1, 2%); class VI (n = 2, 4%). All the patients received oral prednisone, in addition the following treatments were used: pulse intravenous (i.v.) cyclophosphamide (n = 23, 46%); azathioprine (n = 22, 44%); pulse i.v. steroids (n = 19, 38%); chloroquine sulfate (n = 17, 34%); methotrexate (n = 5, 10%); and plasmapheresis (n = 2, 4%). The median duration of follow-up was 5 y (range 1-33 y). On their last evaluation, out of 37 patients who were followed, 20 patients (54%) had controlled disease, eight patients (22%) were still on active medical treatment, four patients (11%) were on chronic hemodialysis, and five patients (13%) had died. Unlike three other Arab populations studies from Kuwait, United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia, where the most frequent histopathologic abnormality was class III, diffuse proliferative LN (class IV) was the most common type of lupus nephritis in Lebanon, similarly to reports from USA, France, Netherlands, South Africa, Thailand and Taiwan.

A national scale estimation of soil carbon stocks of Pinus densiflora forests in Korea: a modelling approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yi, K.; Park, C.; Ryu, S.; Lee, K.; Yi, M.; Kim, C.; Park, G.; Kim, R.; Son, Y.

2011-12-01

Soil carbon (C) stocks of Pinus densiflora forests in Korea were estimated using a generic forest soil C dynamics model based on the process of dead organic matter input and decomposition. Annual input of dead organic matter to the soil was determined by stand biomass and turnover rates of tree components (stem, branch, twig, foliage, coarse root, and fine root). The model was designed to have a simplified structure consisting of three dead organic matter C (DOC) pools (aboveground woody debris (AWD), belowground woody debris (BWD), and litter (LTR) pool) and one soil organic C (SOC) pool. C flows in the model were regulated by six turnover rates of stem, branch, twig, foliage, coarse root, and fine root, and four decay rates of AWD, BWD, LTR, and SOC. To simulate the soil C stocks of P. densiflora forests, statistical data of forest land area (1,339,791 ha) and growing stock (191,896,089 m3) sorted by region (nine provinces and seven metropolitan cities) and stand age class (11 to 20- (II), 21 to 30- (III), 31 to 40- (IV), 41 to 50- (V), and 51 to 60-year-old (VI)) were used. The growing stock of each stand age class was calculated for every region and representable site index was also determined by consulting the yield table. Other model parameters related to the stand biomass, annual input of dead organic matter and decomposition were estimated from previous studies conducted on P. densiflora forests in Korea, which were also applied for model validation. As a result of simulation, total soil C stock of P. densiflora forests were estimated as 53.9 MtC and soil C stocks per unit area ranged from 28.71 to 47.81 tC ha-1 within the soil depth of 30 cm. Also, soil C stocks in the P. densiflora forests of age class II, III, IV, V, and VI were 16,780,818, 21,450,812, 12,677,872, 2,366,939, and 578,623 tC, respectively, and highly related to the distribution of age classes. Soil C stocks per unit area initially decreased with stand age class and started to increase after the stand age class of V. Regional soil C stocks ranged from 9,805 to 15,595,802 tC, and were generally proportional to the forest land area. Our results suggest an approach to estimate soil C stock on a national scale by using a computer model and manipulating the existing statistical data.

Controlled, blinded force platform analysis of the effect of intraarticular injection of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells associated to PRGF-Endoret in osteoarthritic dogs.

PubMed

Vilar, Jose M; Morales, Manuel; Santana, Angelo; Spinella, Giuseppe; Rubio, Mónica; Cuervo, Belen; Cugat, Ramón; Carrillo, Jose M

2013-07-02

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) therapy in regenerative medicine is a rapidly growing area of research and is currently also being used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). Force platform analysis has been consistently used to verify the efficacy of different therapeutic strategies for the treatment of OA in dogs, but never with AD-MSC.The aim of this study was to use a force platform to measure the efficacy of intraarticular ADMSC administration for limb function improvement in dogs with severe OA. Eight lame dogs with severe hip OA and a control group of 5 sound dogs were used for this study. Results were statistically analyzed to detect a significant increase in peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI) in treated dogs. Mean values of PVF and VI were significantly improved after treatment of the OA groups, reaching 53.02% and 14.84% of body weight, respectively, at day 180, compared with only 43.56% and 12.16% at day 0. This study objectively demonstrated that intraarticular ADMSC therapy resulted in reduced lameness due to OA.

Controlled, blinded force platform analysis of the effect of intraarticular injection of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells associated to PRGF-Endoret in osteoarthritic dogs

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) therapy in regenerative medicine is a rapidly growing area of research and is currently also being used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). Force platform analysis has been consistently used to verify the efficacy of different therapeutic strategies for the treatment of OA in dogs, but never with AD-MSC. The aim of this study was to use a force platform to measure the efficacy of intraarticular ADMSC administration for limb function improvement in dogs with severe OA. Results Eight lame dogs with severe hip OA and a control group of 5 sound dogs were used for this study. Results were statistically analyzed to detect a significant increase in peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI) in treated dogs. Mean values of PVF and VI were significantly improved after treatment of the OA groups, reaching 53.02% and 14.84% of body weight, respectively, at day 180, compared with only 43.56% and 12.16% at day 0. Conclusion This study objectively demonstrated that intraarticular ADMSC therapy resulted in reduced lameness due to OA. PMID:23819757

VasH Is a Transcriptional Regulator of the Type VI Secretion System Functional in Endemic and Pandemic Vibrio cholerae▿†

PubMed Central

Kitaoka, Maya; Miyata, Sarah T.; Brooks, Teresa M.; Unterweger, Daniel; Pukatzki, Stefan

2011-01-01

The Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae is the etiological agent of cholera, a disease characterized by the release of high volumes of watery diarrhea. Many medically important proteobacteria, including V. cholerae, carry one or multiple copies of the gene cluster that encodes the bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) to confer virulence or interspecies competitiveness. Structural similarity and sequence homology between components of the T6SS and the cell-puncturing device of T4 bacteriophage suggest that the T6SS functions as a molecular syringe to inject effector molecules into prokaryotic and eukaryotic target cells. Although our understanding of how the structural T6SS apparatus assembles is developing, little is known about how this system is regulated. Here, we report on the contribution of the activator of the alternative sigma factor 54, VasH, as a global regulator of the V. cholerae T6SS. Using bioinformatics and mutational analyses, we identified domains of the VasH polypeptide that are essential for its ability to initiate transcription of T6SS genes and established a universal role for VasH in endemic and pandemic V. cholerae strains. PMID:21949076

Rosa damascena Mill. Essential Oil Has Protective Effect Against Testicular Damage in Diabetic Rats.

PubMed

Hamedi, Somayeh; Shomali, Tahoora; Haghighat, Aliakbar

2018-05-04

This study investigates the protective effect of Rosa damascena essential oil on diabetes-induced testicular damage in rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 equal groups: Group I: negative control (no treatment); Group II: positive control (diabetic by alloxan injection); Groups III-VI that rendered diabetic and received, respectively, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/kg/day rose oil, orally for 28 days. Rose oil did not significantly change body weight and blood glucose level as compared to positive control. Serum testosterone level of rose oil-treated rats remained statistically the same with both negative and positive control groups (Groups I and II). Rats treated with rose oil especially at 2 higher dosages (Groups V and VI) had higher sperm count and increased diameters of seminiferous tubules as compared to Group II. Rose oil even at the lowest dosage significantly increased cell count of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells, with better outcomes for higher dosages. It appears that short-term repeated dose administration of rose oil can dose-dependently improve structural deteriorations of testes and epididymal sperm count in diabetic rats.

Clinical features and histological patterns of lupus nephritis in a single center of South India.

PubMed

Devadass, Clement Wilfred; Mysorekar, Vijaya Viswanath; Eshwarappa, Mahesh; Mekala, Lakshminarayanan; Siddaiah, M Gireesh; Channabasappa, K Gurudev

2016-01-01

Renal involvement occurs in up to 60% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and signifies a poor prognosis. The class of lupus nephritis (LN), determined on renal biopsy evaluation, guides the therapeutic management and has prognostic connotations. Our aim is to determine the clinicolaboratory features and histopathological patterns of LN at presentation in our local (South Indian) population. The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in South India between 2009 and 2014 on SLE patients with clinical evidence of LN. The renal biopsies were examined by light and immunofluorescence microscopy and were classified according to the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society Classification of LN. A total of 46 patients were included, with age range of 12-60 years and a female to male ratio of 8.2:1. Arthritis, dermatological manifestations, and fever occurred, respectively, in 43.5%, 39.1%, and 30.4% of the cases. Class IV LN was present in 17 (37.1%), Class III LN in ten (21.7%), Class II LN in nine (19.5%), Class V LN in eight (17.4%), Class I LN in one (2.2%), and Class VI LN in one (2.2%) patients. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) and dsDNA positivity were present, respectively, in 82.6% and 65.2% of the patients. The most common pattern of LN was Class IV LN followed by Class III LN. Relatively higher proportions of ANA and anti-dsDNA positivity were present in proliferative LN, and there was a high frequency of arthritis at presentation in our LN patients.

Fuel Injection Strategy for a Next Generation Pulse Detonation Engine

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-06-01

at 45°C CE Approved EMC EMC Directive 89/336/EEC; EN 61326-1 Emissions and Immunity Safety Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC; EN 61010 -1...Operating Humidity 0–90% Nonoperating Humidity 0–100% CDRH Class IIIb IEC Class 3B From www.mellesgriot.com 47 SILICON OPTICAL SENSOR Model

40 CFR 147.1154 - Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule. 147.1154 Section 147.1154 Protection of Environment... UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Michigan § 147.1154 Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon... determines that the owner or operator of an existing enhanced recovery or hydrocarbon storage will may not be...

40 CFR 147.1454 - Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule. 147.1454 Section 147.1454 Protection of Environment... UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Nevada § 147.1454 Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon... determines that the owner or operator of an existing enhanced recovery or hydrocarbon storage well may not be...

40 CFR 147.1454 - Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule. 147.1454 Section 147.1454 Protection of Environment... UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Nevada § 147.1454 Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon... determines that the owner or operator of an existing enhanced recovery or hydrocarbon storage well may not be...

40 CFR 147.1654 - Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule. 147.1654 Section 147.1654 Protection of Environment... UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS New York § 147.1654 Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon... the owner or operator of an existing enhanced recovery or hydrocarbon storage well may not be in...

40 CFR 147.1953 - Existing Class I, II (except enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage) and III wells authorized...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Existing Class I, II (except enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage) and III wells authorized by rule. 147.1953 Section 147.1953 Protection of... enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage) and III wells authorized by rule. Maximum injection pressure...

40 CFR 147.1154 - Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule. 147.1154 Section 147.1154 Protection of Environment... UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Michigan § 147.1154 Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon... determines that the owner or operator of an existing enhanced recovery or hydrocarbon storage will may not be...

40 CFR 147.1654 - Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... and hydrocarbon storage wells authorized by rule. 147.1654 Section 147.1654 Protection of Environment... UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS New York § 147.1654 Existing Class II enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon... the owner or operator of an existing enhanced recovery or hydrocarbon storage well may not be in...

40 CFR 147.1953 - Existing Class I, II (except enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage) and III wells authorized...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Existing Class I, II (except enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage) and III wells authorized by rule. 147.1953 Section 147.1953 Protection of... enhanced recovery and hydrocarbon storage) and III wells authorized by rule. Maximum injection pressure...

40 CFR 147.2551 - State-administered program-Class II wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr..., “Re: Application for Primacy in the Regulation of Class II Injection Wells,” March 8, 1982; (5) Letter from State Oil and Gas Supervisor, Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, to EPA Region VIII, “Re...

40 CFR 147.2551 - State-administered program-Class II wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr..., “Re: Application for Primacy in the Regulation of Class II Injection Wells,” March 8, 1982; (5) Letter from State Oil and Gas Supervisor, Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, to EPA Region VIII, “Re...

40 CFR 147.2551 - State-administered program-Class II wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr..., “Re: Application for Primacy in the Regulation of Class II Injection Wells,” March 8, 1982; (5) Letter from State Oil and Gas Supervisor, Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, to EPA Region VIII, “Re...

40 CFR 147.2551 - State-administered program-Class II wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr..., “Re: Application for Primacy in the Regulation of Class II Injection Wells,” March 8, 1982; (5) Letter from State Oil and Gas Supervisor, Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, to EPA Region VIII, “Re...

40 CFR 147.2551 - State-administered program-Class II wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr..., “Re: Application for Primacy in the Regulation of Class II Injection Wells,” March 8, 1982; (5) Letter from State Oil and Gas Supervisor, Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, to EPA Region VIII, “Re...

21 CFR 884.6130 - Assisted reproduction microtools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... embryos for assisted hatching, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), or other assisted reproduction methods. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls) (mouse embryo assay information, endotoxin...

21 CFR 884.6130 - Assisted reproduction microtools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... embryos for assisted hatching, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), or other assisted reproduction methods. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls) (mouse embryo assay information, endotoxin...

21 CFR 884.6130 - Assisted reproduction microtools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... embryos for assisted hatching, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), or other assisted reproduction methods. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls) (mouse embryo assay information, endotoxin...

21 CFR 884.6130 - Assisted reproduction microtools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... embryos for assisted hatching, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), or other assisted reproduction methods. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls) (mouse embryo assay information, endotoxin...

21 CFR 884.6130 - Assisted reproduction microtools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... embryos for assisted hatching, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), or other assisted reproduction methods. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls) (mouse embryo assay information, endotoxin...

Blast Transport of Debris from Scale Model Buildings, Volume I - Chapters 1 through 5,

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-01-18

Laboratories, Inc. Whippany, New Jersey 07981 I . CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE Director 18 January 1979 Defense Nuclear Agency 3...NUMBER OF PAGES Washington, D.C. 20305 178 14 MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS(if different from Controlling Office) IS. SECURITY CLASS (of ths report...FRONT (2 BLDGS) I I SIDES (2 BLOCS) I I BACK (2 BLDGS) I I ROOF w I ROOF 0 Ii FRONT (28LDGS) VI I SIDES (2 BLDCS ) (2 BLOS 1 ROOF 1 OOi FRONT (2

The Navier-Stokes computer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nosenchuck, D. M.; Littman, M. G.

1986-01-01

The Navier-Stokes computer (NSC) has been developed for solving problems in fluid mechanics involving complex flow simulations that require more speed and capacity than provided by current and proposed Class VI supercomputers. The machine is a parallel processing supercomputer with several new architectural elements which can be programmed to address a wide range of problems meeting the following criteria: (1) the problem is numerically intensive, and (2) the code makes use of long vectors. A simulation of two-dimensional nonsteady viscous flows is presented to illustrate the architecture, programming, and some of the capabilities of the NSC.

Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis-a Review.

PubMed

Safarpour, Yasaman; Mousavi, Tahereh; Jabbari, Bahman

2017-08-17

Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to provide updated information on the role of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS). This review aims to answer which symptoms of multiple sclerosis may be amenable to BoNT therapy. Recent findings We searched the literature on the efficacy of BoNTs for treatment of MS symptoms up to April 1st 2017 via the Yale University Library's search engine including but not limited to Pub Med and Ovis SP. The level of efficacy was defined according to the assessment's criteria set forth by the Subcommittee on Guideline Development of the American Academy of Neurology. Significant efficacy was found for two indications based on the available blinded studies (class I and II) and has been suggested for several others through open-label clinical trials. Summary There is level A evidence (effective- two or more class I) that injection of BoNT-A into the bladder's detrusor muscle improves MS-related neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) and MS-related overactive (OA) bladder. There is level B evidence (probably effective- two class II studies) for utility of intramuscular BoNT-A injections for spasticity of multiple sclerosis. Emerging data based on retrospective class IV studies demonstrates that intramuscular injection of BoNTs may help other symptoms of MS such as focal tonic spasms, focal myokymia, spastic dysphagia, and double vision in internuclear ophthalmoplegia. There is no data on MS-related trigeminal neuralgia and sialorrhea, two conditions which have been shown to respond to BoNT therapy in non-MS population.

Collective network routing

DOEpatents

Hoenicke, Dirk

2014-12-02

Disclosed are a unified method and apparatus to classify, route, and process injected data packets into a network so as to belong to a plurality of logical networks, each implementing a specific flow of data on top of a common physical network. The method allows to locally identify collectives of packets for local processing, such as the computation of the sum, difference, maximum, minimum, or other logical operations among the identified packet collective. Packets are injected together with a class-attribute and an opcode attribute. Network routers, employing the described method, use the packet attributes to look-up the class-specific route information from a local route table, which contains the local incoming and outgoing directions as part of the specifically implemented global data flow of the particular virtual network.

Interlaminar and lateral excitatory amino acid connections in the striate cortex of monkey.

PubMed

Kisvarday, Z F; Cowey, A; Smith, A D; Somogyi, P

1989-02-01

The intrinsic excitatory amino acid pathways within the striate cortex of monkeys were studied by autoradiographic detection of retrogradely labeled somata following microinjections of D-3H-aspartate (D-3H-Asp) into different layers. The labeled amino acid was selectively accumulated by subpopulations of neurons and, to a small extent, by glial cells, the latter mainly in the supragranular layers. Immunocytochemical detection of neurons containing GABA showed that, apart from a few cells exclusively in layer I, GABAergic neurons do not accumulate D-3H-Asp. Several lines of evidence suggest that D-3H-Asp uptake occurred only at nerve terminals; thus, the pattern of perikaryal labeling allowed the delineation of interlaminar and lateral projections. Neurons in layer I probably project laterally, and layer I receives wide-ranging projections from layer IVB and layer V from cells up to 1300 microns laterally. Some neurons in layer II send a focused projection to lower layer VI. Some neurons in layers II/III project up to 1 mm laterally within their own layer, but relatively few neurons can be labeled in these projections. Similarly, in layers II/III few neurons can be retrogradely labeled from layers V and upper VI, and this projection is organized such that cells closer to the pia project deeper in layer V/VI. The connections of layer IVA could not be revealed separately because of the difficulty of confining injections to this thin sublamina. Neurons in layer IVB project up to 1300 microns within IVB itself. A small number of cells from IVB also project to layers III, IVC-alpha, V, and VI with much more restricted lateral spread. Neurons in upper IVC-alpha send axons to layer IVB with at least 600-800 microns lateral spread. Neurons in lower IVC-alpha/upper IVC-beta project to layer III with at least 300-500 microns lateral spread. The bottom 50-80 microns of layer IVC-beta contains neurons with a very focused projection, apparently exclusively to the layer III/IVA border region. Both layers IVC alpha and beta have rich connections within themselves, the beta sublayer having more restricted lateral connections. Some neurons in layer IVC-beta give a laterally restricted small input to layers IVC-alpha and IVB. Both IVC-alpha and -beta project to layers V and VI, and these projections are spread at least 400 microns laterally. Neurons in layer V project to all layers, but the projection to layers I-III and within layer V itself spread much further laterally than the projections to layers IV and VI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)