Medical Devices; Hematology and Pathology Devices; Classification of the Flow Cytometric Test System for Hematopoietic Neoplasms. Final order.

PubMed

2017-12-27

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or we) is classifying the flow cytometric test system for hematopoietic neoplasms into class II (special controls). The special controls that apply to the device type are identified in this order and will be part of the codified language for the flow cytometric test system for hematopoietic neoplasms' classification. We are taking this action because we have determined that classifying the device into class II (special controls) will provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device. We believe this action will also enhance patients' access to beneficial innovative devices, in part by reducing regulatory burdens.

Medical devices; hematology and pathology devices; classification of early growth response 1 gene fluorescence in-situ hybridization test system for specimen characterization. Final order.

PubMed

2014-09-03

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is classifying early growth response 1 (EGR1) gene fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) test system for specimen characterization into class II (special controls). The special controls that will apply to this device are identified in this order and will be part of the codified language for the early growth response 1 (EGR1) gene fluorescence in-site hybridization (FISH) test system for specimen characterization classification. The Agency is classifying the device into class II (special controls) in order to provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device.

78 FR 37998 - Electronic One Touch Bingo System

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-25

... decision regarding the classification of server based electronic bingo system games that can be played... Class II or Class III game. DATES: The agency must receive comments on or before August 26, 2013... from the regulated community regarding the status of one touch bingo as a Class II or a Class III game...

77 FR 8117 - Medical Devices; Cardiovascular Devices; Classification of the Endovascular Suturing System

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-14

... Administration (FDA) is classifying the endovascular suturing system into class II (special controls). The Agency is classifying the device into class II (special controls) in order to provide a reasonable assurance..., or FDA issues an order finding the device to be substantially equivalent, in accordance with section...

An Evolving Digital Telecommunications Industry and Its Impact on the Operational Environment of the Nationwide Emergency Telecommunication System (NETS).

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-03-01

005 4-, /nImII 1 liIm ulnli iiliiii I I UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF TNIS PAGE ("on Data Bnter6t0 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ...II different from ControllIng Office) 15. SECURITY CLASS (of thin report) Unclassified IS. OECLASSIFICATION/ DOWNGRADING SCMEDULE 1. DISTRIBUTION...EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED N0102LF-0146601 1 UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Dote wrteed) ,IA UNCLASSIFIED

21 CFR 862.3150 - Barbiturate test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) MEDICAL DEVICES CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY DEVICES Clinical Toxicology Test Systems § 862... in monitoring levels of barbiturate to ensure appropriate therapy. (b) Classification. Class II. ...

76 FR 16292 - Medical Devices; Immunology and Microbiology Devices; Classification of Ovarian Adnexal Mass...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-23

... test system into class II (special controls). The special control that will apply to these devices is the guidance document entitled ``Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff; Class II Special Controls... devices into class II (special controls) because special controls, in addition to general controls, will...

A Hybrid Classification System for Heart Disease Diagnosis Based on the RFRS Method.

PubMed

Liu, Xiao; Wang, Xiaoli; Su, Qiang; Zhang, Mo; Zhu, Yanhong; Wang, Qiugen; Wang, Qian

2017-01-01

Heart disease is one of the most common diseases in the world. The objective of this study is to aid the diagnosis of heart disease using a hybrid classification system based on the ReliefF and Rough Set (RFRS) method. The proposed system contains two subsystems: the RFRS feature selection system and a classification system with an ensemble classifier. The first system includes three stages: (i) data discretization, (ii) feature extraction using the ReliefF algorithm, and (iii) feature reduction using the heuristic Rough Set reduction algorithm that we developed. In the second system, an ensemble classifier is proposed based on the C4.5 classifier. The Statlog (Heart) dataset, obtained from the UCI database, was used for experiments. A maximum classification accuracy of 92.59% was achieved according to a jackknife cross-validation scheme. The results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed system is superior to the performances of previously reported classification techniques.

21 CFR 866.5550 - Immunoglobulin (light chain specific) immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... macroglobulinemia (increased production of large immunoglobulins), and connective tissue diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards). ...

21 CFR 866.5550 - Immunoglobulin (light chain specific) immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... macroglobulinemia (increased production of large immunoglobulins), and connective tissue diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards). ...

21 CFR 866.5550 - Immunoglobulin (light chain specific) immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... macroglobulinemia (increased production of large immunoglobulins), and connective tissue diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards). ...

21 CFR 866.5550 - Immunoglobulin (light chain specific) immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... macroglobulinemia (increased production of large immunoglobulins), and connective tissue diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards). ...

21 CFR 866.5550 - Immunoglobulin (light chain specific) immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... macroglobulinemia (increased production of large immunoglobulins), and connective tissue diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards). ...

Limitations and implications of stream classification

USGS Publications Warehouse

Juracek, K.E.; Fitzpatrick, F.A.

2003-01-01

Stream classifications that are based on channel form, such as the Rosgen Level II classification, are useful tools for the physical description and grouping of streams and for providing a means of communication for stream studies involving scientists and (or) managers with different backgrounds. The Level II classification also is used as a tool to assess stream stability, infer geomorphic processes, predict future geomorphic response, and guide stream restoration or rehabilitation activities. The use of the Level II classification for these additional purposes is evaluated in this paper. Several examples are described to illustrate the limitations and management implications of the Level II classification. Limitations include: (1) time dependence, (2) uncertain applicability across physical environments, (3) difficulty in identification of a true equilibrium condition, (4) potential for incorrect determination of bankfull elevation, and (5) uncertain process significance of classification criteria. Implications of using stream classifications based on channel form, such as Rosgen's, include: (1) acceptance of the limitations, (2) acceptance of the risk of classifying streams incorrectly, and (3) classification results may be used inappropriately. It is concluded that use of the Level II classification for purposes beyond description and communication is not appropriate. Research needs are identified that, if addressed, may help improve the usefulness of the Level II classification.

21 CFR 862.3640 - Morphine test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) MEDICAL DEVICES CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY DEVICES Clinical Toxicology Test Systems § 862... monitoring levels of morphine and its analogs to ensure appropriate therapy. (b) Classification. Class II. ...

Classification of parotidectomy: a proposed modification to the European Salivary Gland Society classification system.

PubMed

Wong, Wai Keat; Shetty, Subhaschandra

2017-08-01

Parotidectomy remains the mainstay of treatment for both benign and malignant lesions of the parotid gland. There exists a wide range of possible surgical options in parotidectomy in terms of extent of parotid tissue removed. There is increasing need for uniformity of terminology resulting from growing interest in modifications of the conventional parotidectomy. It is, therefore, of paramount importance for a standardized classification system in describing extent of parotidectomy. Recently, the European Salivary Gland Society (ESGS) proposed a novel classification system for parotidectomy. The aim of this study is to evaluate this system. A classification system proposed by the ESGS was critically re-evaluated and modified to increase its accuracy and its acceptability. Modifications mainly focused on subdividing Levels I and II into IA, IB, IIA, and IIB. From June 2006 to June 2016, 126 patients underwent 130 parotidectomies at our hospital. The classification system was tested in that cohort of patient. While the ESGS classification system is comprehensive, it does not cover all possibilities. The addition of Sublevels IA, IB, IIA, and IIB may help to address some of the clinical situations seen and is clinically relevant. We aim to test the modified classification system for partial parotidectomy to address some of the challenges mentioned.

40 CFR 52.1671 - Classification of regions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) New York § 52.1671 Classification of regions. The New York plans were evaluated on the basis of the following classifications: Air... II III III III Central New York Intrastate I II III I I Genesee-Finger Lakes Intrastate II II III III...

Management of colorectal trauma: a review.

PubMed

Cheong, Ju Yong; Keshava, Anil

2017-07-01

Traumatic colorectal injuries are common during times of military conflict, and major improvements in their care have arisen in such periods. Since World War II, many classification systems for colorectal trauma have been proposed, including (i) Flint Grading System; (ii) Penetrating Abdominal Trauma Index; (iii) Colonic/Rectal Injury Scale; and (iv) destructive/non-destructive colonic injuries. The primary goal of these classifications was to aid surgical management and, more particularly, to determine whether a primary repair or faecal diversion should be performed. Primary repair is now the preferred surgical option. Patients who have been identified as having destructive injuries have been found to have higher anastomotic leak rates after a primary repair. Damage control principles need to be adhered to in surgical decision-making. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of injury, classifications, clinical presentation and current recommendations for the management of colorectal trauma. © 2017 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.

76 FR 20840 - Medical Devices; General and Plastic Surgery Devices; Classification of the Low Level Laser...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-14

... into class II (special controls). The special control(s) that will apply to the device is entitled ``Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Low Level Laser System for Aesthetic Use.'' The Agency is classifying the device into class II (special controls) in order to provide a reasonable assurance of safety...

Classifying diseases and remedies in ethnomedicine and ethnopharmacology.

PubMed

Staub, Peter O; Geck, Matthias S; Weckerle, Caroline S; Casu, Laura; Leonti, Marco

2015-11-04

Ethnopharmacology focuses on the understanding of local and indigenous use of medicines and therefore an emic approach is inevitable. Often, however, standard biomedical disease classifications are used to describe and analyse local diseases and remedies. Standard classifications might be a valid tool for cross-cultural comparisons and bioprospecting purposes but are not suitable to understand the local perception of disease and use of remedies. Different standard disease classification systems exist but their suitability for cross-cultural comparisons of ethnomedical data has never been assessed. Depending on the research focus, (I) ethnomedical, (II) cross-cultural, and (III) bioprospecting, we provide suggestions for the use of specific classification systems. We analyse three different standard biomedical classification systems (the International Classification of Diseases (ICD); the Economic Botany Data Collection Standard (EBDCS); and the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC)), and discuss their value for categorizing diseases of ethnomedical systems and their suitability for cross-cultural research in ethnopharmacology. Moreover, based on the biomedical uses of all approved plant derived biomedical drugs, we propose a biomedical therapy-based classification system as a guide for the discovery of drugs from ethnopharmacological sources. Widely used standards, such as the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) by the WHO and the Economic Botany Data Collection Standard (EBDCS) are either technically challenging due to a categorisation system based on clinical examinations, which are usually not possible during field research (ICD) or lack clear biomedical criteria combining disorders and medical effects in an imprecise and confusing way (EBDCS). The International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC), also accepted by the WHO, has more in common with ethnomedical reality than the ICD or the EBDCS, as the categories are designed according to patient's perceptions and are less influenced by clinical medicine. Since diagnostic tools are not required, medical ethnobotanists and ethnopharmacologists can easily classify reported symptoms and complaints with the ICPC in one of the "chapters" based on 17 body systems, psychological and social problems. Also the biomedical uses of plant-derived drugs are classifiable into 17 broad organ- and therapy-based use-categories but can easily be divided into more specific subcategories. Depending on the research focus (I-III) we propose the following classification systems: I. Ethnomedicine: Ethnomedicine is culture-bound and local classifications have to be understood from an emic perspective. Consequently, the application of prefabricated, "one-size fits all" biomedical classification schemes is of limited value. II. Cross-cultural analysis: The ICPC is a suitable standard that can be applied but modified as required. III. Bioprospecting: We suggest a biomedical therapy-driven classification system with currently 17 use-categories based on biomedical uses of all approved plant derived natural product drugs. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Site classification for National Strong Motion Observation Network System (NSMONS) stations in China using an empirical H/V spectral ratio method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ji, Kun; Ren, Yefei; Wen, Ruizhi

2017-10-01

Reliable site classification of the stations of the China National Strong Motion Observation Network System (NSMONS) has not yet been assigned because of lacking borehole data. This study used an empirical horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratio (hereafter, HVSR) site classification method to overcome this problem. First, according to their borehole data, stations selected from KiK-net in Japan were individually assigned a site class (CL-I, CL-II, or CL-III), which is defined in the Chinese seismic code. Then, the mean HVSR curve for each site class was computed using strong motion recordings captured during the period 1996-2012. These curves were compared with those proposed by Zhao et al. (2006a) for four types of site classes (SC-I, SC-II, SC-III, and SC-IV) defined in the Japanese seismic code (JRA, 1980). It was found that an approximate range of the predominant period Tg could be identified by the predominant peak of the HVSR curve for the CL-I and SC-I sites, CL-II and SC-II sites, and CL-III and SC-III + SC-IV sites. Second, an empirical site classification method was proposed based on comprehensive consideration of peak period, amplitude, and shape of the HVSR curve. The selected stations from KiK-net were classified using the proposed method. The results showed that the success rates of the proposed method in identifying CL-I, CL-II, and CL-III sites were 63%, 64%, and 58% respectively. Finally, the HVSRs of 178 NSMONS stations were computed based on recordings from 2007 to 2015 and the sites classified using the proposed method. The mean HVSR curves were re-calculated for three site classes and compared with those from KiK-net data. It was found that both the peak period and the amplitude were similar for the mean HVSR curves derived from NSMONS classification results and KiK-net borehole data, implying the effectiveness of the proposed method in identifying different site classes. The classification results have good agreement with site classes based on borehole data of 81 stations in China, which indicates that our site classification results are acceptable and that the proposed method is practicable.

21 CFR 868.5270 - Breathing system heater.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Identification. A breathing system heater is a device that is intended to warm breathing gases before they enter a patient's airway. The device may include a temperature controller. (b) Classification. Class II...

21 CFR 870.5900 - Thermal regulating system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... system. (a) Identification. A thermal regulating system is an external system consisting of a device that is placed in contact with the patient and a temperature controller for the device. The system is used to regulate patient temperature. (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards). ...

Occupational Information 1990/91. Volume II.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Nebraska Career Information System.

The Nebraska Occupational Information books (volumes I and II) contain information about 386 different occupations in the state and answer questions about specific occupations in detail. The descriptions are arranged according to a U.S. Department of Labor classification system, with occupational titles clustered in general groups of selected…

21 CFR 862.3350 - Diphenylhydantoin test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY DEVICES Clinical Toxicology Test... monitoring levels of diphenylhydantoin to ensure appropriate therapy. (b) Classification. Class II. ...

Classification of parotidectomies: a proposal of the European Salivary Gland Society.

PubMed

Quer, M; Guntinas-Lichius, O; Marchal, F; Vander Poorten, V; Chevalier, D; León, X; Eisele, D; Dulguerov, P

2016-10-01

The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive classification system for parotidectomy operations. Data sources include Medline publications, author's experience, and consensus round table at the Third European Salivary Gland Society (ESGS) Meeting. The Medline database was searched with the term "parotidectomy" and "definition". The various definitions of parotidectomy procedures and parotid gland subdivisions extracted. Previous classification systems re-examined and a new classification proposed by a consensus. The ESGS proposes to subdivide the parotid parenchyma in five levels: I (lateral superior), II (lateral inferior), III (deep inferior), IV (deep superior), V (accessory). A new classification is proposed where the type of resection is divided into formal parotidectomy with facial nerve dissection and extracapsular dissection. Parotidectomies are further classified according to the levels removed, as well as the extra-parotid structures ablated. A new classification of parotidectomy procedures is proposed.

A new classification system for congenital laryngeal cysts.

PubMed

Forte, Vito; Fuoco, Gabriel; James, Adrian

2004-06-01

A new classification system for congenital laryngeal cysts based on the extent of the cyst and on the embryologic tissue of origin is proposed. Retrospective chart review. The charts of 20 patients with either congenital or acquired laryngeal cysts that were treated surgically between 1987 and 2002 at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical presentation, radiologic findings, surgical management, histopathology, and outcome were recorded. A new classification system is proposed to better appreciate the origin of these cysts and to guide in their successful surgical management. Fourteen of the supraglottic and subglottic simple mucous retention cysts posed no diagnostic or therapeutic challenge and were treated successfully by a single endoscopic excision or marsupialization. The remaining six patients with congenital cysts in the study were deemed more complex, and all required open surgical procedures for cure. On the basis of the analysis of the data of these patients, a new classification of congenital laryngeal cysts is proposed. Type I cysts are confined to the larynx, the cyst wall composed of endodermal elements only, and can be managed endoscopically. Type II cysts extend beyond the confines of the larynx and require an external approach. The Type II cysts are further subclassified histologically on the basis of the embryologic tissue of origin: IIa, composed of endoderm only and IIb, containing endodermal and mesodermal elements (epithelium and cartilage) in the wall of the cyst. A new classification system for congenital laryngeal cysts is proposed on the basis of the extent of the cyst and the embryologic tissue of origin. This classification can help guide the surgeon with initial management and help us better understand the origin of these cysts.

Surgical management of morbidity due to lymphatic filariasis: the usefulness of a standardized international clinical classification of hydroceles.

PubMed

Capuano, G P; Capuano, C

2012-03-01

The objective of this work is to evaluate the usefulness of a standardized clinical classification of hydroceles in lymphatic filariasis endemic countries to guide their surgical management. 64 patients with hydroceles were operated in 2009-2010, in Level II hospitals (WHO classification), during two visits to Fiji, by the same mobile surgical team. The number of hydroceles treated was 83. We developed and evaluated a much needed clinical classification of hydroceles based on four criteria: Type (uni/bilateral); Side (left/right); Stage of enlargement of the scrotum rated from I to VI; Grade of burial of the penis rated from 0 to 4. It lead to the conclusion that 1) A Stage I or II hydrocele, associated with Grade 0 or 1 penis burial could be considered a "Simple Hydrocele". The surgical treatment is simple with no anticipated early complication. WHO Level II of health care structure seems adapted. 2) A Stage III or IV hydrocele associated with Grade 2, 3 or 4 penis burial could be considered a "Complicated Hydrocele". The operation is longer, more complicated and the possibility of occurrence of complications seems greater. A level III health care facility would be more adapted under the normal functioning of the health system. We conclude that a standardized clinical classification of hydroceles based on the Stage of enlargement of the scrotum and the Grade of burial of the penis appears to be a useful tool to guide the decision about the level of care and the surgical technique required. We use the same classification for penoscrotal lymphoedema. A decision tree is presented for the management of hydroceles in lymphatic filariasis endemic countries which could usefully complement the "Algorithm for management of scrotal swelling" proposed by WHO in 2002. An international classification system of hydroceles would also allow standardization and facilitate study design and comparisons of their results.

Classification for congenital anomalies of the hand: the IFSSH classification and the JSSH modification.

PubMed

De Smet, L

2002-01-01

The purpose of a classification for clinical problems which, except for a few specialized centers, occur only sporadically is to provide a system where these cases can be stored. This should allow all involved investigators to speak the same language; so-doing syndromes can be delinated, frequencies of occurence established and results of--different--treatments compared. A classification system should be simple to use, reliable and uniformly accepted. It should allow space for adaptations and/or extensions. The IFSSH proposed a 7 categories classification based on the proposed classification of Swanson et al. in 1976. This classification, was based on, which was thought in the seventies, etiopathogenic pathways. These 7 groups are: I. Failure of formation; transverse (A), or longitudinal (B) II. Failure of differentiation III. Polydactyly IV. Overgrowth V. Undergrowth VI. Amniotic band syndrome VII. Generalized skeletal syndromes. The extended classification proposed by IFSSH was used to classify 1013 hand differences in 925 hands of 650 patients. We found associated anomalies in 26.7%. The classification was straightforward in 86%, difficult in 6.6% and not possible in 7.8%. Group II was the most numerous group including 513 anomalies. We propose to include in this group the Madelung deformity, the Kirner deformity and congenital trigger fingers and trigger thumbs. In group I the radial and ulnar deficiencies, limited to the hand without forearm deficlencies should be Included. Triphalangeal thumbs are a problem, we suggest it to be listed in group III and consider it as a duplication in length. It is not always possible to evaluate the (transverse) absence of the fingers or hand. Longitudinal deficiencies (group IIB), symbrachydactyly (group V), and amniotic bands (group IV) occasionally develop a phenotype similar to the genuine transverse deficiency (group IA). Recently, the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Hand (JSSH) (16) proposed an extension/modification of the IFSSH classification. Based on newer knowledge on teratology, symbrachydactyly in all stages were transfered to group I. Two new groups were introduced. A group "failure of finger ray induction" including typical cleft hand (IC), central polydactyly (III) and (bony) syndactyly (II)--was included. Also a group of "unclassifiable" cases was added. This Japanese proposed classification is a real improvement and most clinicians and surgeons tend to use it in the future.

21 CFR 864.7340 - Fibrinogen determination system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... disseminated intravascular coagulation (nonlocalized clotting within the blood vessels) and primary fibrinolysis (the dissolution of fibrin in a blood clot). (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards...

21 CFR 864.7340 - Fibrinogen determination system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... disseminated intravascular coagulation (nonlocalized clotting within the blood vessels) and primary fibrinolysis (the dissolution of fibrin in a blood clot). (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards...

21 CFR 864.7340 - Fibrinogen determination system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... disseminated intravascular coagulation (nonlocalized clotting within the blood vessels) and primary fibrinolysis (the dissolution of fibrin in a blood clot). (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards...

21 CFR 864.7340 - Fibrinogen determination system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... disseminated intravascular coagulation (nonlocalized clotting within the blood vessels) and primary fibrinolysis (the dissolution of fibrin in a blood clot). (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards...

21 CFR 864.7340 - Fibrinogen determination system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... disseminated intravascular coagulation (nonlocalized clotting within the blood vessels) and primary fibrinolysis (the dissolution of fibrin in a blood clot). (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards...

A comparison of DSM-II and DSM-III in the diagnosis of childhood psychiatric disorders. II. Interrater agreement.

PubMed

Mattison, R; Cantwell, D P; Russell, A T; Will, L

1979-10-01

A case-history format was utilized to compare interrater agreement on childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders, using DSM-II and DSM-III. The average interrater agreement was 57% for DSM-II and 54% for axis I (clinical psychiatric syndrome) of DSM-III. There was high agreement in both systems on cases of psychosis, conduct disorder, hyperactivity, and mental retardation, with DSM-III appearing slightly better. There was noteworthy interrater disagreement in both systems for "anxiety" disorders, complex cases, and in the subtyping of depression. Overall, the reliability of DSM-III appears to be good and is comparable with that of DSM-II and other classification systems of childhood psychiatric disorders.

A Biochar Classification System and Associated Test Methods

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Camps-Arbestain, Marta; Amonette, James E.; Singh, Balwant

2015-02-18

In this chapter, a biochar classification system related to its use as soil amendment is proposed. This document builds upon previous work and constrains its scope to materials with properties that satisfy the criteria for biochar as defined by either the International Biochar Initiative (IBI) Biochar Standards or the European Biochar Community (EBC) Standards, and it is intended to minimise the need for testing in addition to those required according to the above-mentioned standards. The classification system envisions enabling stakeholders and commercial entities to (i) identify the most suitable biochar to fulfil the requirements for a particular soil and/or land-use,more » and (ii) distinguish the application of biochar for specific niches (e.g., soilless agriculture). It is based on the best current knowledge and the intention is to periodically review and update the document based on new data and knowledge that become available in the scientific literature. The main thrust of this classification system is based on the direct or indirect beneficial effects that biochar provides from its application to soil. We have classified the potential beneficial effects of biochar application to soils into five categories with their corresponding classes, where applicable: (i) carbon (C) storage value, (ii) fertiliser value, (iii) liming value, (iv) particle-size, and (v) use in soil-less agriculture. A summary of recommended test methods is provided at the end of the chapter.« less

21 CFR 864.5620 - Automated hemoglobin system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Automated hemoglobin system. 864.5620 Section 864....5620 Automated hemoglobin system. (a) Identification. An automated hemoglobin system is a fully... hemoglobin content of human blood. (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards). [45 FR 60601, Sept...

21 CFR 864.5620 - Automated hemoglobin system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Automated hemoglobin system. 864.5620 Section 864....5620 Automated hemoglobin system. (a) Identification. An automated hemoglobin system is a fully... hemoglobin content of human blood. (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards). [45 FR 60601, Sept...

Bypass versus Angioplasty in Severe Ischaemia of the Leg (BASIL) trial: A description of the severity and extent of disease using the Bollinger angiogram scoring method and the TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus II classification.

PubMed

Bradbury, Andrew W; Adam, Donald J; Bell, Jocelyn; Forbes, John F; Fowkes, F Gerry R; Gillespie, Ian; Ruckley, Charles Vaughan; Raab, Gillian M

2010-05-01

The Bypass versus Angioplasty in Severe Ischaemia of the Leg (BASIL) trial showed in patients with severe lower limb ischemia (rest pain, tissue loss) who survive for 2 years after intervention that initial randomization to bypass surgery, compared with balloon angioplasty, was associated with an improvement in subsequent amputation-free survival and overall survival of about 6 and 7 months, respectively. The aim of this report is to describe the angiographic severity and extent of infrainguinal arterial disease in the BASIL trial cohort so that the trial outcomes can be appropriately generalized to other patient cohorts with similar anatomic (angiographic) patterns of disease. Preintervention angiograms were scored using the Bollinger method and the TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) II classification system by three consultant interventional radiologists and two consultant vascular surgeons unaware of the treatment received or patient outcomes. As was to be expected from the randomization process, patients in the two trial arms were well matched in terms of angiographic severity and extent of disease as documented by Bollinger and TASC II. In patients with the least overall disease, it tended to be concentrated in the superficial femoral and popliteal arteries, which were the commonest sites of disease overall. The below knee arteries became increasingly involved as the overall severity of disease increased, but the disease in the above knee arteries did not tend to worsen. The posterior tibial artery was the most diseased crural artery, whereas the peroneal appeared relatively spared. There was less interobserver disagreement with the Bollinger method than with the TASC II classification system, which also appears inherently less sensitive to clinically important differences in infrapopliteal disease among patients with severe leg ischemia. Anatomic (angiographic) disease description in patients with severe leg ischemia requires a reproducible scoring system that is sensitive to differences in crural artery disease. The Bollinger system appears well suited for this purpose, but the TASC II classification system less so. We hope this detailed analysis will facilitate appropriate generalization of the BASIL trial data to other groups of patients affected by similar anatomic (angiographic) patterns of disease. Crown Copyright (c) 2010. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

21 CFR 866.5470 - Hemoglobin immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying pigment in red blood cells) in blood, urine, plasma, or other body fluids... Hemoglobin immunological test system. (a) Indentification. A hemoglobin immunological test system is a device... blood cells), and leukemia (cancer of the blood-forming organs). (b) Classification. Class II...

21 CFR 866.5470 - Hemoglobin immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying pigment in red blood cells) in blood, urine, plasma, or other body fluids... Hemoglobin immunological test system. (a) Indentification. A hemoglobin immunological test system is a device... blood cells), and leukemia (cancer of the blood-forming organs). (b) Classification. Class II...

21 CFR 866.5470 - Hemoglobin immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying pigment in red blood cells) in blood, urine, plasma, or other body fluids... Hemoglobin immunological test system. (a) Indentification. A hemoglobin immunological test system is a device... blood cells), and leukemia (cancer of the blood-forming organs). (b) Classification. Class II...

21 CFR 866.5470 - Hemoglobin immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying pigment in red blood cells) in blood, urine, plasma, or other body fluids... Hemoglobin immunological test system. (a) Indentification. A hemoglobin immunological test system is a device... blood cells), and leukemia (cancer of the blood-forming organs). (b) Classification. Class II...

Classification and Mapping of Agricultural Land for National Water-Quality Assessment

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gilliom, Robert J.; Thelin, Gail P.

1997-01-01

Agricultural land use is one of the most important influences on water quality at national and regional scales. Although there is great diversity in the character of agricultural land, variations follow regional patterns that are influenced by environmental setting and economics. These regional patterns can be characterized by the distribution of crops. A new approach to classifying and mapping agricultural land use for national water-quality assessment was developed by combining information on general land-use distribution with information on crop patterns from agricultural census data. Separate classification systems were developed for row crops and for orchards, vineyards, and nurseries. These two general categories of agricultural land are distinguished from each other in the land-use classification system used in the U.S. Geological Survey national Land Use and Land Cover database. Classification of cropland was based on the areal extent of crops harvested. The acreage of each crop in each county was divided by total row-crop area or total orchard, vineyard, and nursery area, as appropriate, thus normalizing the crop data and making the classification independent of total cropland area. The classification system was developed using simple percentage criteria to define combinations of 1 to 3 crops that account for 50 percent or more or harvested acreage in a county. The classification system consists of 21 level I categories and 46 level II subcategories for row crops, and 26 level I categories and 19 level II subcategories for orchards, vineyards, and nurseries. All counties in the United States with reported harvested acreage are classified in these categories. The distribution of agricultural land within each county, however, must be evaluated on the basis of general land-use data. This can be done at the national scale using 'Major Land Uses of the United States,' at the regional scale using data from the national Land Use and Land Cover database, or at smaller scales using locally available data.

Surgical scheduling categorization system (SSCS): A novel classification system to improve coordination and scheduling of operative cases in a tertiary pediatric medical system.

PubMed

Gantwerker, Eric A; Bannos, Cassandra; Cunningham, Michael J; Rahbar, Reza

2017-01-01

To describe a surgical categorization system to create a universal nomenclature, delineating patient complexity as a first step toward developing a true risk stratification system. Retrospective database review of all otolaryngology surgical procedures performed in a tertiary pediatric hospital system over one academic year (July 2012-June 2013). All otolaryngology surgical procedures were reviewed, encompassing 8478 procedures on 5711 patients. The attending otolaryngologist assigned surgical scheduling category (SSCS) at the time of case booking based on an institution specific guidelines. The guidelines are as follow: Category I was assigned to American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification (ASA) I/II patients, designating them appropriate for institution's suburban ambulatory surgery centers; Category II was ASA I/II patients with social or transportation issues; Category III was ASA I/II patients who required case coordination with other medical or surgical departments; Category IV was reserved for patients of any ASA class whom the surgeon designated to be of a higher complexity. 8478 total procedures analyzed with 7198 having complete records. 48% were Category I, 13.6% were Category II, 1.9% were Category III and 36.5% were Category IV. The ASA were 34.7% ASA I, 50% ASA II, 13.39% ASA III, and 1.9% ASA IV. Although the largest proportion of patients were ASA II (50%), 39.6% of all ASA II were Category IV. Category IV was split into 54.2% ASA II and 34% ASA III and shows that peri-operative surgical concerns were not encompassed by the ASA system. This surgical categorization system streamlines surgical scheduling in a tertiary pediatric hospital system, particularly with respect to the designation of cases as ambulatory surgery center or main operating room appropriate. The case mix complexity is also readily apparent, enhancing recognition of the coordination and attention required for the perioperative management of high complexity patients. The SSCS helps convey concerns not addressed by ASA physical status alone. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Major morbidity after video-assisted thoracic surgery lung resections: a comparison between the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons definition and the Thoracic Morbidity and Mortality system.

PubMed

Sandri, Alberto; Papagiannopoulos, Kostas; Milton, Richard; Kefaloyannis, Emmanuel; Chaudhuri, Nilanjan; Poyser, Emily; Spencer, Nicholas; Brunelli, Alessandro

2015-07-01

The thoracic morbidity and mortality (TM&M) classification system univocally encodes the postoperative adverse events by their management complexity. This study aims to compare the distribution of the severity of complications according to the TM&M system versus the distribution according to the classification proposed by European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) Database in a population of patients submitted to video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lung resection. A total of 227 consecutive patients submitted to VATS lobectomy for lung cancer were analyzed. Any complication developed postoperatively was graded from I to V according to the TM&M system, reflecting the increasing severity of its management. We verified the distribution of the different grades of complications and analyzed their frequency among those defined as "major cardiopulmonary complications" by the ESTS Database. Following the ESTS definitions, 20 were the major cardiopulmonary complications [atrial fibrillation (AF): 10, 50%; adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): 1, 5%; pulmonary embolism: 2, 10%; mechanical ventilation >24 h: 1, 5%; pneumonia: 3, 15%; myocardial infarct: 1, 5%; atelectasis requiring bronchoscopy: 2, 10%] of which 9 (45%) were reclassified as minor complications (grade II) by the TM&M classification system. According to the TM&M system, 10/34 (29.4%) of all complications were considered minor (grade I or II) while 21/34 (71.4%) as major (IIIa: 8, 23.5%; IIIb: 4, 11.7%; IVa: 8, 23.5%; IVb: 1, 2.9%; V: 3, 8.8%). Other 14 surgical complications occurred and were classified as major complications according to the TM&M system. The distribution of postoperative complications differs between the two classification systems. The TM&M grading system questions the traditional classification of major complications following VATS lung resection and may be used as an additional endpoint for outcome analyses.

Study of USGS/NASA land use classification system. [computer analysis from LANDSAT data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spann, G. W.

1975-01-01

The results of a computer mapping project using LANDSAT data and the USGS/NASA land use classification system are summarized. During the computer mapping portion of the project, accuracies of 67 percent to 79 percent were achieved using Level II of the classification system and a 4,000 acre test site centered on Douglasville, Georgia. Analysis of response to a questionaire circulated to actual and potential LANDSAT data users reveals several important findings: (1) there is a substantial desire for additional information related to LANDSAT capabilities; (2) a majority of the respondents feel computer mapping from LANDSAT data could aid present or future projects; and (3) the costs of computer mapping are substantially less than those of other methods.

Acromioclavicular joint dislocations: radiological correlation between Rockwood classification system and injury patterns in human cadaver species.

PubMed

Eschler, Anica; Rösler, Klaus; Rotter, Robert; Gradl, Georg; Mittlmeier, Thomas; Gierer, Philip

2014-09-01

The classification system of Rockwood and Young is a commonly used classification for acromioclavicular joint separations subdividing types I-VI. This classification hypothesizes specific lesions to anatomical structures (acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments, capsule, attached muscles) leading to the injury. In recent literature, our understanding for anatomical correlates leading to the radiological-based Rockwood classification is questioned. The goal of this experimental-based investigation was to approve the correlation between the anatomical injury pattern and the Rockwood classification. In four human cadavers (seven shoulders), the acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments were transected stepwise. Radiological correlates were recorded (Zanca view) with 15-kg longitudinal tension applied at the wrist. The resulting acromio- and coracoclavicular distances were measured. Radiographs after acromioclavicular ligament transection showed joint space enlargement (8.6 ± 0.3 vs. 3.1 ± 0.5 mm, p < 0.05) and no significant change in coracoclavicular distance (10.4 ± 0.9 vs. 10.0 ± 0.8 mm). According to the Rockwood classification only type I and II lesions occurred. After additional coracoclavicular ligament cut, the acromioclavicular joint space width increased to 16.7 ± 2.7 vs. 8.6 ± 0.3 mm, p < 0.05. The mean coracoclavicular distance increased to 20.6 ± 2.1 mm resulting in type III-V lesions concerning the Rockwood classification. Trauma with intact coracoclavicular ligaments did not result in acromioclavicular joint lesions higher than Rockwood type I and II. The clinical consequence for reconstruction of low-grade injuries might be a solely surgical approach for the acromioclavicular ligaments or conservative treatment. High-grade injuries were always based on additional structural damage to the coracoclavicular ligaments. Rockwood type V lesions occurred while muscle attachments were intact.

21 CFR 866.5490 - Hemopexin immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... survival of mature red blood cells and inability of the bone marrow to compensate for their decreased life span) and sickle cell anemia. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls). The device is exempt... Hemopexin immunological test system. (a) Indentification. A hemopexin immunological test system is a device...

21 CFR 866.5490 - Hemopexin immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... survival of mature red blood cells and inability of the bone marrow to compensate for their decreased life span) and sickle cell anemia. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls). The device is exempt... Hemopexin immunological test system. (a) Indentification. A hemopexin immunological test system is a device...

21 CFR 866.5490 - Hemopexin immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... survival of mature red blood cells and inability of the bone marrow to compensate for their decreased life span) and sickle cell anemia. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls). The device is exempt... Hemopexin immunological test system. (a) Indentification. A hemopexin immunological test system is a device...

21 CFR 866.5490 - Hemopexin immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... survival of mature red blood cells and inability of the bone marrow to compensate for their decreased life span) and sickle cell anemia. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls). The device is exempt... Hemopexin immunological test system. (a) Indentification. A hemopexin immunological test system is a device...

21 CFR 864.5700 - Automated platelet aggregation system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... addition of an aggregating reagent to a platelet-rich plasma. (b) Classification. Class II (performance... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Automated platelet aggregation system. 864.5700... § 864.5700 Automated platelet aggregation system. (a) Identification. An automated platelet aggregation...

21 CFR 864.5700 - Automated platelet aggregation system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... addition of an aggregating reagent to a platelet-rich plasma. (b) Classification. Class II (performance... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Automated platelet aggregation system. 864.5700... § 864.5700 Automated platelet aggregation system. (a) Identification. An automated platelet aggregation...

21 CFR 864.5700 - Automated platelet aggregation system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... addition of an aggregating reagent to a platelet-rich plasma. (b) Classification. Class II (performance... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Automated platelet aggregation system. 864.5700... § 864.5700 Automated platelet aggregation system. (a) Identification. An automated platelet aggregation...

21 CFR 864.5700 - Automated platelet aggregation system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... addition of an aggregating reagent to a platelet-rich plasma. (b) Classification. Class II (performance... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Automated platelet aggregation system. 864.5700... § 864.5700 Automated platelet aggregation system. (a) Identification. An automated platelet aggregation...

21 CFR 864.5700 - Automated platelet aggregation system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... addition of an aggregating reagent to a platelet-rich plasma. (b) Classification. Class II (performance... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Automated platelet aggregation system. 864.5700... § 864.5700 Automated platelet aggregation system. (a) Identification. An automated platelet aggregation...

32 CFR 2001.12 - Duration of classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... classification authority shall follow the sequence listed in paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (ii), and (iii) of this... to the sequence in paragraph (a)(1) of this section are as follows: (i) If an original classification... and shall be designated with the following marking, “50X1-HUM;” or (ii) If an original classification...

32 CFR 2001.12 - Duration of classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... classification authority shall follow the sequence listed in paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (ii), and (iii) of this... to the sequence in paragraph (a)(1) of this section are as follows: (i) If an original classification... and shall be designated with the following marking, “50X1-HUM;” or (ii) If an original classification...

A Global Classification System for Catchment Hydrology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Woods, R. A.

2004-05-01

It is a shocking state of affairs - there is no underpinning scientific taxonomy of catchments. There are widely used global classification systems for climate, river morphology, lakes and wetlands, but for river catchments there exists only a plethora of inconsistent, incomplete regional schemes. By proceeding without a common taxonomy for catchments, freshwater science has missed one of its key developmental stages, and has leapt from definition of phenomena to experiments, theories and models, without the theoretical framework of a classification. I propose the development of a global hierarchical classification system for physical aspects of river catchments, to help underpin physical science in the freshwater environment and provide a solid foundation for classification of river ecosystems. Such a classification scheme can open completely new vistas in hydrology: for example it will be possible to (i) rationally transfer experimental knowledge of hydrological processes between basins anywhere in the world, provided they belong to the same class; (ii) perform meaningful meta-analyses in order to reconcile studies that show inconsistent results (iii) generate new testable hypotheses which involve locations worldwide.

Modified Angle's Classification for Primary Dentition.

PubMed

Chandranee, Kaushik Narendra; Chandranee, Narendra Jayantilal; Nagpal, Devendra; Lamba, Gagandeep; Choudhari, Purva; Hotwani, Kavita

2017-01-01

This study aims to propose a modification of Angle's classification for primary dentition and to assess its applicability in children from Central India, Nagpur. Modification in Angle's classification has been proposed for application in primary dentition. Small roman numbers i/ii/iii are used for primary dentition notation to represent Angle's Class I/II/III molar relationships as in permanent dentition, respectively. To assess applicability of modified Angle's classification a cross-sectional preschool 2000 children population from central India; 3-6 years of age residing in Nagpur metropolitan city of Maharashtra state were selected randomly as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Majority 93.35% children were found to have bilateral Class i followed by 2.5% bilateral Class ii and 0.2% bilateral half cusp Class iii molar relationships as per the modified Angle's classification for primary dentition. About 3.75% children had various combinations of Class ii relationships and 0.2% children were having Class iii subdivision relationship. Modification of Angle's classification for application in primary dentition has been proposed. A cross-sectional investigation using new classification revealed various 6.25% Class ii and 0.4% Class iii molar relationships cases in preschool children population in a metropolitan city of Nagpur. Application of the modified Angle's classification to other population groups is warranted to validate its routine application in clinical pediatric dentistry.

Second-degree atrioventricular block.

PubMed

Zipes, D P

1979-09-01

1) While it is possible only one type of second-degree AV block exists electrophysiologically, the available data do not justify such a conclusion and it would seem more appropriate to remain a "splitter," and advocate separation and definition of multiple mechanisms, than to be a "lumper," and embrace a unitary concept. 2) The clinical classification of type I and type II AV block, based on present scalar electrocardiographic criteria, for the most part accurately differentiates clinically important categories of patients. Such a classification is descriptive, but serves a useful function and should be preserved, taking into account the caveats mentioned above. The site of block generally determines the clinical course for the patient. For most examples of AV block, the type I and type II classification in present use is based on the site of block. Because block in the His-Purkinje system is preceded by small or nonmeasurable increments, it is called type II AV block; but the very fact that it is preceded by small increments is because it occurs in the His-Purkinje system. Similar logic can be applied to type I AV block in the AV node. Exceptions do occur. If the site of AV block cannot be distinguished with certainity from the scalar ECG, an electrophysiologic study will generally reveal the answer.

21 CFR 862.1315 - Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... of the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase in erythrocytes (red blood cells... hereditary disease galactosemia (disorder of galactose metabolism) in infants. (b) Classification. Class II. ...

Financial Accounting: Classifications and Standard Terminology for Local and State School Systems. State Educational Records and Reports Series: Handbook II, Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roberts, Charles T., Comp.; Lichtenberger, Allan R., Comp.

This handbook has been prepared as a vehicle or mechanism for program cost accounting and as a guide to standard school accounting terminology for use in all types of local and intermediate education agencies. In addition to classification descriptions, program accounting definitions, and proration of cost procedures, some units of measure and…

Analysis of framelets for breast cancer diagnosis.

PubMed

Thivya, K S; Sakthivel, P; Venkata Sai, P M

2016-01-01

Breast cancer is the second threatening tumor among the women. The effective way of reducing breast cancer is its early detection which helps to improve the diagnosing process. Digital mammography plays a significant role in mammogram screening at earlier stage of breast carcinoma. Even though, it is very difficult to find accurate abnormality in prevalent screening by radiologists. But the possibility of precise breast cancer screening is encouraged by predicting the accurate type of abnormality through Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems. The two most important indicators of breast malignancy are microcalcifications and masses. In this study, framelet transform, a multiresolutional analysis is investigated for the classification of the above mentioned two indicators. The statistical and co-occurrence features are extracted from the framelet decomposed mammograms with different resolution levels and support vector machine is employed for classification with k-fold cross validation. This system achieves 94.82% and 100% accuracy in normal/abnormal classification (stage I) and benign/malignant classification (stage II) of mass classification system and 98.57% and 100% for microcalcification system when using the MIAS database.

Medical devices; hematology and pathology devices; classification of cord blood processing system and storage container. Final rule.

PubMed

2007-02-01

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is classifying a cord blood processing system and storage container into class II (special controls). The special control that will apply to this device is the guidance document entitled "Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Cord Blood Processing System and Storage Container." FDA is classifying this device into class II (special controls) in order to provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of this device. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is announcing the availability of the guidance document that will serve as the special control for this device.

21 CFR 866.5490 - Hemopexin immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... diagnosis of various hematologic disorders, such as hemolytic anemia (anemia due to shortened in vivo... span) and sickle cell anemia. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls). The device is exempt...

21 CFR 862.1440 - Lactate dehydrogenase test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... hepatitis, cirrhosis, and metastatic carcinoma of the liver, cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction, and tumors of the lung or kidneys. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls). The device is...

21 CFR 862.1440 - Lactate dehydrogenase test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... hepatitis, cirrhosis, and metastatic carcinoma of the liver, cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction, and tumors of the lung or kidneys. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls). The device is...

21 CFR 862.1295 - Folic acid test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... treatment of megaloblastic anemia, which is characterized by the presence of megaloblasts (an abnormal red blood cell series) in the bone marrow. (b) Classification. Class II. [52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987; 53 FR....1295 Folic acid test system. (a) Identification. A folic acid test system is a device intended to...

21 CFR 892.5050 - Medical charged-particle radiation therapy system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) intended for use in radiation therapy. This generic type of device may include signal analysis and display... accessories. (b) Classification. Class II. When intended for use as a quality control system, the film dosimetry system (film scanning system) included as an accessory to the device described in paragraph (a) of...

21 CFR 876.1735 - Electrogastrography system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... accessories. (b) Classification. Class II (Special Controls). The special controls are as follows: (1) The... describe how background data should be gathered and used to eliminate artifact in the data signal; (iii) To...

21 CFR 876.1735 - Electrogastrography system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... accessories. (b) Classification. Class II (Special Controls). The special controls are as follows: (1) The... describe how background data should be gathered and used to eliminate artifact in the data signal; (iii) To...

21 CFR 876.1735 - Electrogastrography system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... accessories. (b) Classification. Class II (Special Controls). The special controls are as follows: (1) The... describe how background data should be gathered and used to eliminate artifact in the data signal; (iii) To...

21 CFR 876.1735 - Electrogastrography system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... accessories. (b) Classification. Class II (Special Controls). The special controls are as follows: (1) The... describe how background data should be gathered and used to eliminate artifact in the data signal; (iii) To...

40 CFR 52.2571 - Classification of regions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Wisconsin § 52.2571 Classification of regions. The Wisconsin plan was evaluated on the basis of the following classifications: Air... Duluth (Minnesota)-Superior (Wisconsin) Interstate I II III III III North Central Wisconsin Intrastate II...

40 CFR 52.2571 - Classification of regions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Wisconsin § 52.2571 Classification of regions. The Wisconsin plan was evaluated on the basis of the following classifications: Air... Duluth (Minnesota)-Superior (Wisconsin) Interstate I II III III III North Central Wisconsin Intrastate II...

40 CFR 52.2571 - Classification of regions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Wisconsin § 52.2571 Classification of regions. The Wisconsin plan was evaluated on the basis of the following classifications: Air... Duluth (Minnesota)-Superior (Wisconsin) Interstate I II III III III North Central Wisconsin Intrastate II...

Modified Angle's Classification for Primary Dentition

PubMed Central

Chandranee, Kaushik Narendra; Chandranee, Narendra Jayantilal; Nagpal, Devendra; Lamba, Gagandeep; Choudhari, Purva; Hotwani, Kavita

2017-01-01

Aim: This study aims to propose a modification of Angle's classification for primary dentition and to assess its applicability in children from Central India, Nagpur. Methods: Modification in Angle's classification has been proposed for application in primary dentition. Small roman numbers i/ii/iii are used for primary dentition notation to represent Angle's Class I/II/III molar relationships as in permanent dentition, respectively. To assess applicability of modified Angle's classification a cross-sectional preschool 2000 children population from central India; 3–6 years of age residing in Nagpur metropolitan city of Maharashtra state were selected randomly as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Majority 93.35% children were found to have bilateral Class i followed by 2.5% bilateral Class ii and 0.2% bilateral half cusp Class iii molar relationships as per the modified Angle's classification for primary dentition. About 3.75% children had various combinations of Class ii relationships and 0.2% children were having Class iii subdivision relationship. Conclusions: Modification of Angle's classification for application in primary dentition has been proposed. A cross-sectional investigation using new classification revealed various 6.25% Class ii and 0.4% Class iii molar relationships cases in preschool children population in a metropolitan city of Nagpur. Application of the modified Angle's classification to other population groups is warranted to validate its routine application in clinical pediatric dentistry. PMID:29326514

21 CFR 866.5750 - Radioallergosorbent (RAST) immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Radioallergosorbent (RAST) immunological test system. 866.5750 Section 866.5750 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND..., allergies, and other pulmonary disorders. (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards). ...

21 CFR 878.3720 - Tracheal prosthesis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... of the trachea or trachealbronchial tree. It may be unbranched or contain one or two branches. The... include a device delivery system. (b) Classification. Class II. The special control for this device is FDA...

21 CFR 878.3720 - Tracheal prosthesis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... of the trachea or trachealbronchial tree. It may be unbranched or contain one or two branches. The... include a device delivery system. (b) Classification. Class II. The special control for this device is FDA...

21 CFR 878.3720 - Tracheal prosthesis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... of the trachea or trachealbronchial tree. It may be unbranched or contain one or two branches. The... include a device delivery system. (b) Classification. Class II. The special control for this device is FDA...

Management and classification of type II congenital portosystemic shunts.

PubMed

Lautz, Timothy B; Tantemsapya, Niramol; Rowell, Erin; Superina, Riccardo A

2011-02-01

Congenital portosystemic shunts (PSS) with preserved intrahepatic portal flow (type II) present with a range of clinical signs. The indications for and benefits of repair of PSS remain incompletely understood. A more comprehensive classification may also benefit comparative analyses from different institutions. All children treated at our institution for type II congenital PSS from 1999 through 2009 were reviewed for presentation, treatment, and outcome. Ten children (7 boys) with type II PSS were identified at a median age of 5.5 years. Hyperammonemia with varying degrees of neurocognitive dysfunction occurred in 80%. The shunt arose from a branch of the portal vein (type IIa; n = 2), from the main portal vein (type IIb; n = 7), or from a splenic or mesenteric vein (type IIc; n = 1). Management included operative ligation (n = 6), endovascular occlusion (n = 3), or a combined approach (n = 1). Shunt occlusion was successful in all cases. Serum ammonia decreased from 130 ± 115 μmol/L preoperatively to 31 ± 15 μmol/L postoperatively (P = .03). Additional benefits included resolution of neurocognitive dysfunction (n = 3), liver nodules (n = 1), and vaginal bleeding (n = 1). Correction of type II PSS relieves a wide array of symptoms. Surgery is indicated for patients with clinically significant shunting. A refined classification system will permit future comparison of patients with similar physiology. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Signal classification using global dynamical models, Part II: SONAR data analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kremliovsky, M.; Kadtke, J.

1996-06-01

In Part I of this paper, we described a numerical method for nonlinear signal detection and classification which made use of techniques borrowed from dynamical systems theory. Here in Part II of the paper, we will describe an example of data analysis using this method, for data consisting of open ocean acoustic (SONAR) recordings of marine mammal transients, supplied from NUWC sources. The purpose here is two-fold: first to give a more operational description of the technique and provide rules-of-thumb for parameter choices; and second to discuss some new issues raised by the analysis of non-ideal (real-world) data sets. Themore » particular data set considered here is quite non-stationary, relatively noisy, is not clearly localized in the background, and as such provides a difficult challenge for most detection/classification schemes. {copyright} {ital 1996 American Institute of Physics.}« less

The use of the decision tree technique and image cytometry to characterize aggressiveness in World Health Organization (WHO) grade II superficial transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder.

PubMed

Decaestecker, C; van Velthoven, R; Petein, M; Janssen, T; Salmon, I; Pasteels, J L; van Ham, P; Schulman, C; Kiss, R

1996-03-01

The aggressiveness of human bladder tumours can be assessed by means of various classification systems, including the one proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). According to the WHO classification, three levels of malignancy are identified as grades I (low), II (intermediate), and III (high). This classification system operates satisfactorily for two of the three grades in forecasting clinical progression, most grade I tumours being associated with good prognoses and most grade III with bad. In contrast, the grade II group is very heterogeneous in terms of their clinical behaviour. The present study used two computer-assisted methods to investigate whether it is possible to sub-classify grade II tumours: computer-assisted microscope analysis (image cytometry) of Feulgen-stained nuclei and the Decision Tree Technique. This latter technique belongs to the Supervised Learning Algorithm and enables an objective assessment to be made of the diagnostic value associated with a given parameter. The combined use of these two methods in a series of 292 superficial transitional cell carcinomas shows that it is possible to identify one subgroup of grade II tumours which behave clinically like grade I tumours and a second subgroup which behaves clinically like grade III tumours. Of the nine ploidy-related parameters computed by means of image cytometry [the DNA index (DI), DNA histogram type (DHT), and the percentages of diploid, hyperdiploid, triploid, hypertriploid, tetraploid, hypertetraploid, and polyploid cell nuclei], it was the percentage of hyperdiploid and hypertetraploid cell nuclei which enabled identification, rather than conventional parameters such as the DI or the DHT.

DFT description of the magnetic properties and electron localization in dinuclear di-mu-oxo-bridged manganese complexes.

PubMed

Barone, Vincenzo; Bencini, Alessandro; Gatteschi, Dante; Totti, Federico

2002-11-04

Density functional theory (DFT) was applied to describe the magnetic and electron-transfer properties of dinuclear systems containing the [MnO2Mn]n+ core, with n=0,1,2,3,4. The calculation of the potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the mixed-valence species (n=1,3) allowed the classification of these systems according to the extent of valence localization as Class II compounds, in the Robin-Day classification scheme. The fundamental frequencies corresponding to the asymmetric breathing vibration were also computed.

Six of one, half a dozen of the other: A measure of multidisciplinary inter/intra-rater reliability of the society for fetal urology and urinary tract dilation grading systems for hydronephrosis.

PubMed

Rickard, Mandy; Easterbrook, Bethany; Kim, Soojin; Farrokhyar, Forough; Stein, Nina; Arora, Steven; Belostotsky, Vladamir; DeMaria, Jorge; Lorenzo, Armando J; Braga, Luis H

2017-02-01

The urinary tract dilation (UTD) classification system was introduced to standardize terminology in the reporting of hydronephrosis (HN), and bridge a gap between pre- and postnatal classification such as the Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) grading system. Herein we compare the intra/inter-rater reliability of both grading systems. SFU (I-IV) and UTD (I-III) grades were independently assigned by 13 raters (9 pediatric urology staff, 2 nephrologists, 2 radiologists), twice, 3 weeks apart, to 50 sagittal postnatal ultrasonographic views of hydronephrotic kidneys. Data regarding ureteral measurements and bladder abnormalities were included to allow proper UTD categorization. Ten images were repeated to assess intra-rater reliability. Krippendorff's alpha coefficient was used to measure overall and by grade intra/inter-rater reliability. Reliability between specialties and training levels were also analyzed. Overall inter-rater reliability was slightly higher for SFU (α = 0.842, 95% CI 0.812-0.879, in session 1; and α = 0.808, 95% CI 0.775-0.839, in session 2) than for UTD (α = 0.774, 95% CI 0.715-0.827, in session 1; and α = 0.679, 95% CI 0.605-0.750, in session 2). Reliability for intermediate grades (SFU II/III and UTD 2) of HN was poor regardless of the system. Reliabilities for SFU and UTD classifications among Urology, Nephrology, and Radiology, as well as between training levels were not significantly different. Despite the introduction of HN grading systems to standardize the interpretation and reporting of renal ultrasound in infants with HN, none have been proven superior in allowing clinicians to distinguish between "moderate" grades. While this study demonstrated high reliability in distinguishing between "mild" (SFU I/II and UTD 1) and "severe" (SFU IV and UTD 3) grades of HN, the overall reliability between specialties was poor. This is in keeping with a previous report of modest inter-rater reliability of the SFU system. This drawback is likely explained by the subjective interpretation required to assign grades, which can be impacted by experience, image quality, and scanning technique. As shown in the figure, which demonstrates SFU II (a) and SFU III (b), as assigned by a radiologist, it is possible to make an argument that either of these images can be classified into both categories that were observed during the grading sessions of this study. Although both systems have acceptable reliability, the SFU grading system showed higher overall intra/inter-rater reliability regardless of rater specialty than the UTD classification. Inter-rater reliability for SFU grades II/III and UTD 2 was low, highlighting the limitations of both classifications in regards to properly segregating moderate HN grades. Copyright © 2016 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Wavelet SVM in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space for hyperspectral remote sensing image classification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Du, Peijun; Tan, Kun; Xing, Xiaoshi

2010-12-01

Combining Support Vector Machine (SVM) with wavelet analysis, we constructed wavelet SVM (WSVM) classifier based on wavelet kernel functions in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS). In conventional kernel theory, SVM is faced with the bottleneck of kernel parameter selection which further results in time-consuming and low classification accuracy. The wavelet kernel in RKHS is a kind of multidimensional wavelet function that can approximate arbitrary nonlinear functions. Implications on semiparametric estimation are proposed in this paper. Airborne Operational Modular Imaging Spectrometer II (OMIS II) hyperspectral remote sensing image with 64 bands and Reflective Optics System Imaging Spectrometer (ROSIS) data with 115 bands were used to experiment the performance and accuracy of the proposed WSVM classifier. The experimental results indicate that the WSVM classifier can obtain the highest accuracy when using the Coiflet Kernel function in wavelet transform. In contrast with some traditional classifiers, including Spectral Angle Mapping (SAM) and Minimum Distance Classification (MDC), and SVM classifier using Radial Basis Function kernel, the proposed wavelet SVM classifier using the wavelet kernel function in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space is capable of improving classification accuracy obviously.

Analysis of A Drug Target-based Classification System using Molecular Descriptors.

PubMed

Lu, Jing; Zhang, Pin; Bi, Yi; Luo, Xiaomin

2016-01-01

Drug-target interaction is an important topic in drug discovery and drug repositioning. KEGG database offers a drug annotation and classification using a target-based classification system. In this study, we gave an investigation on five target-based classes: (I) G protein-coupled receptors; (II) Nuclear receptors; (III) Ion channels; (IV) Enzymes; (V) Pathogens, using molecular descriptors to represent each drug compound. Two popular feature selection methods, maximum relevance minimum redundancy and incremental feature selection, were adopted to extract the important descriptors. Meanwhile, an optimal prediction model based on nearest neighbor algorithm was constructed, which got the best result in identifying drug target-based classes. Finally, some key descriptors were discussed to uncover their important roles in the identification of drug-target classes.

Di-codon Usage for Gene Classification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nguyen, Minh N.; Ma, Jianmin; Fogel, Gary B.; Rajapakse, Jagath C.

Classification of genes into biologically related groups facilitates inference of their functions. Codon usage bias has been described previously as a potential feature for gene classification. In this paper, we demonstrate that di-codon usage can further improve classification of genes. By using both codon and di-codon features, we achieve near perfect accuracies for the classification of HLA molecules into major classes and sub-classes. The method is illustrated on 1,841 HLA sequences which are classified into two major classes, HLA-I and HLA-II. Major classes are further classified into sub-groups. A binary SVM using di-codon usage patterns achieved 99.95% accuracy in the classification of HLA genes into major HLA classes; and multi-class SVM achieved accuracy rates of 99.82% and 99.03% for sub-class classification of HLA-I and HLA-II genes, respectively. Furthermore, by combining codon and di-codon usages, the prediction accuracies reached 100%, 99.82%, and 99.84% for HLA major class classification, and for sub-class classification of HLA-I and HLA-II genes, respectively.

Spatial-temporal discriminant analysis for ERP-based brain-computer interface.

PubMed

Zhang, Yu; Zhou, Guoxu; Zhao, Qibin; Jin, Jing; Wang, Xingyu; Cichocki, Andrzej

2013-03-01

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) has been widely adopted to classify event-related potential (ERP) in brain-computer interface (BCI). Good classification performance of the ERP-based BCI usually requires sufficient data recordings for effective training of the LDA classifier, and hence a long system calibration time which however may depress the system practicability and cause the users resistance to the BCI system. In this study, we introduce a spatial-temporal discriminant analysis (STDA) to ERP classification. As a multiway extension of the LDA, the STDA method tries to maximize the discriminant information between target and nontarget classes through finding two projection matrices from spatial and temporal dimensions collaboratively, which reduces effectively the feature dimensionality in the discriminant analysis, and hence decreases significantly the number of required training samples. The proposed STDA method was validated with dataset II of the BCI Competition III and dataset recorded from our own experiments, and compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms for ERP classification. Online experiments were additionally implemented for the validation. The superior classification performance in using few training samples shows that the STDA is effective to reduce the system calibration time and improve the classification accuracy, thereby enhancing the practicability of ERP-based BCI.

21 CFR 866.6040 - Gene expression profiling test system for breast cancer prognosis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... cancer prognosis. 866.6040 Section 866.6040 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... cancer prognosis. (a) Identification. A gene expression profiling test system for breast cancer prognosis... previously diagnosed breast cancer. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls). The special control is...

21 CFR 866.6040 - Gene expression profiling test system for breast cancer prognosis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... cancer prognosis. 866.6040 Section 866.6040 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... cancer prognosis. (a) Identification. A gene expression profiling test system for breast cancer prognosis... previously diagnosed breast cancer. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls). The special control is...

21 CFR 866.6040 - Gene expression profiling test system for breast cancer prognosis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... cancer prognosis. 866.6040 Section 866.6040 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... cancer prognosis. (a) Identification. A gene expression profiling test system for breast cancer prognosis... previously diagnosed breast cancer. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls). The special control is...

21 CFR 866.6040 - Gene expression profiling test system for breast cancer prognosis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... cancer prognosis. 866.6040 Section 866.6040 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... cancer prognosis. (a) Identification. A gene expression profiling test system for breast cancer prognosis... previously diagnosed breast cancer. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls). The special control is...

21 CFR 866.6040 - Gene expression profiling test system for breast cancer prognosis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... cancer prognosis. 866.6040 Section 866.6040 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... cancer prognosis. (a) Identification. A gene expression profiling test system for breast cancer prognosis... previously diagnosed breast cancer. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls). The special control is...

Verification of the Robin and Graham classification system of hip disease in cerebral palsy using three-dimensional computed tomography.

PubMed

Gose, Shinichi; Sakai, Takashi; Shibata, Toru; Akiyama, Keisuke; Yoshikawa, Hideki; Sugamoto, Kazuomi

2011-12-01

We evaluated the validity of the Robin and Graham classification system of hip disease in cerebral palsy (CP) using three-dimensional computed tomography in young people with CP. A total of 91 hips in 91 consecutive children with bilateral spastic CP (57 males, 34 females; nine classified at Gross Motor Function Classification System level II, 42 at level III, 32 at level IV, and eight at level V; mean age 5 y 2 mo, SD 11 mo; range 2-6 y) were investigated retrospectively using anteroposterior plain radiographs and three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) of the hip. The migration percentage was calculated on plain radiographs and all participants were classified into four groups according to migration percentage: grade II, migration percentage ≥ 10% but ≤ 15%, (four hips), grade III, migration percentage >15% but ≤ 30%, (20 hips); grade IV, migration percentage >30% but <100%, (63 hips); and grade V, migration percentage ≥ 100%, (four hips). The lateral opening angle and the sagittal inclination angle of the acetabulum, the neck-shaft angle, and the femoral anteversion of the femur were measured on 3D-CT. The three-dimensional quantitative evaluation indicated that there were significant differences in the lateral opening angle and the neck-shaft angle between the four groups (Kruskal-Wallis test, p ≤ 0.001). This three-dimensional evaluation supports the validation of the Robin and Graham classification system for hip disease in 2- to 7-year-olds with CP. © The Authors. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology © 2011 Mac Keith Press.

Rock Quality Designation (RQD) after Twenty Years.

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-02-01

strength, and seismic refraction velocity for prediction of single-tooth rippability with a D-8 dozer, all correlated by field rippability tests...Smith (1986) utilizes the RMR System to estimate rippability . Kirsten (1988) characterizes excavatability for trenching, digging, dozing, and...Lisbon, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. II. 33 - II. 42. Smith, H.J., (1986), "Estimating Rippability by Rock Mass Classification," Proc. 27th U.S. Symposium on

21 CFR 862.1155 - Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... intended to measure HCG, a placental hormone, in plasma or urine. (2) Classification. Class II. (b) Human... persons with certain tumors or carcinomas) is intended to measure HCG, a placental hormone, in plasma or...

21 CFR 862.1155 - Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... intended to measure HCG, a placental hormone, in plasma or urine. (2) Classification. Class II. (b) Human... persons with certain tumors or carcinomas) is intended to measure HCG, a placental hormone, in plasma or...

21 CFR 862.1155 - Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... intended to measure HCG, a placental hormone, in plasma or urine. (2) Classification. Class II. (b) Human... persons with certain tumors or carcinomas) is intended to measure HCG, a placental hormone, in plasma or...

21 CFR 862.1155 - Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... intended to measure HCG, a placental hormone, in plasma or urine. (2) Classification. Class II. (b) Human... persons with certain tumors or carcinomas) is intended to measure HCG, a placental hormone, in plasma or...

21 CFR 862.1155 - Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... intended to measure HCG, a placental hormone, in plasma or urine. (2) Classification. Class II. (b) Human... persons with certain tumors or carcinomas) is intended to measure HCG, a placental hormone, in plasma or...

Early warning, warning or alarm systems for natural hazards? A generic classification.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sättele, Martina; Bründl, Michael; Straub, Daniel

2013-04-01

Early warning, warning and alarm systems have gained popularity in recent years as cost-efficient measures for dangerous natural hazard processes such as floods, storms, rock and snow avalanches, debris flows, rock and ice falls, landslides, flash floods, glacier lake outburst floods, forest fires and even earthquakes. These systems can generate information before an event causes loss of property and life. In this way, they mainly mitigate the overall risk by reducing the presence probability of endangered objects. These systems are typically prototypes tailored to specific project needs. Despite their importance there is no recognised system classification. This contribution classifies warning and alarm systems into three classes: i) threshold systems, ii) expert systems and iii) model-based expert systems. The result is a generic classification, which takes the characteristics of the natural hazard process itself and the related monitoring possibilities into account. The choice of the monitoring parameters directly determines the system's lead time. The classification of 52 active systems moreover revealed typical system characteristics for each system class. i) Threshold systems monitor dynamic process parameters of ongoing events (e.g. water level of a debris flow) and incorporate minor lead times. They have a local geographical coverage and a predefined threshold determines if an alarm is automatically activated to warn endangered objects, authorities and system operators. ii) Expert systems monitor direct changes in the variable disposition (e.g crack opening before a rock avalanche) or trigger events (e.g. heavy rain) at a local scale before the main event starts and thus offer extended lead times. The final alarm decision incorporates human, model and organisational related factors. iii) Model-based expert systems monitor indirect changes in the variable disposition (e.g. snow temperature, height or solar radiation that influence the occurrence probability of snow avalanches) or trigger events (e.g. heavy snow fall) to predict spontaneous hazard events in advance. They encompass regional or national measuring networks and satisfy additional demands such as the standardisation of the measuring stations. The developed classification and the characteristics, which were revealed for each class, yield a valuable input to quantifying the reliability of warning and alarm systems. Importantly, this will facilitate to compare them with well-established standard mitigation measures such as dams, nets and galleries within an integrated risk management approach.

A Functional-Phylogenetic Classification System for Transmembrane Solute Transporters

PubMed Central

Saier, Milton H.

2000-01-01

A comprehensive classification system for transmembrane molecular transporters has been developed and recently approved by the transport panel of the nomenclature committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. This system is based on (i) transporter class and subclass (mode of transport and energy coupling mechanism), (ii) protein phylogenetic family and subfamily, and (iii) substrate specificity. Almost all of the more than 250 identified families of transporters include members that function exclusively in transport. Channels (115 families), secondary active transporters (uniporters, symporters, and antiporters) (78 families), primary active transporters (23 families), group translocators (6 families), and transport proteins of ill-defined function or of unknown mechanism (51 families) constitute distinct categories. Transport mode and energy coupling prove to be relatively immutable characteristics and therefore provide primary bases for classification. Phylogenetic grouping reflects structure, function, mechanism, and often substrate specificity and therefore provides a reliable secondary basis for classification. Substrate specificity and polarity of transport prove to be more readily altered during evolutionary history and therefore provide a tertiary basis for classification. With very few exceptions, a phylogenetic family of transporters includes members that function by a single transport mode and energy coupling mechanism, although a variety of substrates may be transported, sometimes with either inwardly or outwardly directed polarity. In this review, I provide cross-referencing of well-characterized constituent transporters according to (i) transport mode, (ii) energy coupling mechanism, (iii) phylogenetic grouping, and (iv) substrates transported. The structural features and distribution of recognized family members throughout the living world are also evaluated. The tabulations should facilitate familial and functional assignments of newly sequenced transport proteins that will result from future genome sequencing projects. PMID:10839820

Reliability of classification for post-traumatic ankle osteoarthritis.

PubMed

Claessen, Femke M A P; Meijer, Diederik T; van den Bekerom, Michel P J; Gevers Deynoot, Barend D J; Mallee, Wouter H; Doornberg, Job N; van Dijk, C Niek

2016-04-01

The purpose of this study was to identify the most reliable classification system for clinical outcome studies to categorize post-traumatic-fracture-osteoarthritis. A total of 118 orthopaedic surgeons and residents-gathered in the Ankle Platform Study Collaborative Science of Variation Group-evaluated 128 anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of patients after a bi- or trimalleolar ankle fracture on a Web-based platform in order to rate post-traumatic osteoarthritis according to the classification systems coined by (1) van Dijk, (2) Kellgren, and (3) Takakura. Reliability was evaluated with the use of the Siegel and Castellan's multirater kappa measure. Differences between classification systems were compared using the two-sample Z-test. Interobserver agreement of surgeons who participated in the survey was fair for the van Dijk osteoarthritis scale (k = 0.24), and poor for the Takakura (k = 0.19) and the Kellgren systems (k = 0.18) according to the categorical rating of Landis and Koch. This difference in one categorical rating was found to be significant (p < 0.001, CI 0.046-0.053) with the high numbers of observers and cases available. This study documents fair interobserver agreement for the van Dijk osteoarthritis scale, and poor interobserver agreement for the Takakura and Kellgren osteoarthritis classification systems. Because of the low interobserver agreement for the van Dijk, Kellgren, and Takakura classification systems, those systems cannot be used for clinical decision-making. Development of diagnostic criteria on basis of consecutive patients, Level II.

Safety of dermatologic medications in pregnancy and lactation: Part I. Pregnancy.

PubMed

Murase, Jenny E; Heller, Misha M; Butler, Daniel C

2014-03-01

Dermatologists are frequently faced with questions about the safety of commonly prescribed topical and systemic medications during pregnancy and lactation from women of childbearing age who are pregnant, considering pregnancy, or breastfeeding. Safety data, particularly regarding medications that are unique to dermatology, can be difficult to locate and are not consolidated in a single reference guide for clinicians. Parts I and II of this continuing medical education article provide a capsule summary of key points for the most commonly prescribed dermatologic medications to facilitate patient medication risk counseling in pregnancy. A summary table details safety classification data for 3 primary international classification systems: the US Food and Drug Administration, the Swedish Catalogue of Approved Drugs, and the Australian Drug Evaluation Committee. In addition, this table includes an alternative pregnancy classification system developed by a consortium of active members of teratology societies in the US and Europe detailed in Drugs during Pregnancy and Lactation: Treatment Options and Risk Assessment and a safety classification system developed for breastfeeding mothers detailed in Medications and Mother's Milk. Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Comparison of severity classification in Japanese patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis in a nationwide, prospective, inception cohort study.

PubMed

Sada, Ken-Ei; Harigai, Masayoshi; Amano, Koichi; Atsumi, Tatsuya; Fujimoto, Shouichi; Yuzawa, Yukio; Takasaki, Yoshinari; Banno, Shogo; Sugihara, Takahiko; Kobayashi, Masaki; Usui, Joichi; Yamagata, Kunihiro; Homma, Sakae; Dobashi, Hiroaki; Tsuboi, Naotake; Ishizu, Akihiro; Sugiyama, Hitoshi; Okada, Yasunori; Arimura, Yoshihiro; Matsuo, Seiichi; Makino, Hirofumi

2016-09-01

To compare disease severity classification systems for six-month outcome prediction in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). Patients with newly diagnosed AAV from 53 tertiary institutions were enrolled. Six-month remission, overall survival, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD)-free survival were evaluated. According to the European Vasculitis Study Group (EUVAS)-defined disease severity, the 321 enrolled patients were classified as follows: 14, localized; 71, early systemic; 170, generalized; and 66, severe disease. According to the rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) clinical grading system, the patients were divided as follows: 60, grade I; 178, grade II; 66, grade III; and 12, grade IV. According to the Five-Factor Score (FFS) 2009, 103, 109, and 109 patients had ≤1, 2, and ≥3 points, respectively. No significant difference in remission rates was found in any severity classification. The overall and ESRD-free survival rates significantly differed between grades I/II, III, and IV, regardless of renal involvement. Severe disease was a good predictor of six-month overall and ESRD-free survival. The FFS 2009 was useful to predict six-month ESRD-free survival but not overall survival. The RPGN grading system was more useful to predict six-month overall and ESRD-free survival than the EUVAS-defined severity or FFS 2009.

Non-target adjacent stimuli classification improves performance of classical ERP-based brain computer interface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ceballos, G. A.; Hernández, L. F.

2015-04-01

Objective. The classical ERP-based speller, or P300 Speller, is one of the most commonly used paradigms in the field of Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI). Several alterations to the visual stimuli presentation system have been developed to avoid unfavorable effects elicited by adjacent stimuli. However, there has been little, if any, regard to useful information contained in responses to adjacent stimuli about spatial location of target symbols. This paper aims to demonstrate that combining the classification of non-target adjacent stimuli with standard classification (target versus non-target) significantly improves classical ERP-based speller efficiency. Approach. Four SWLDA classifiers were trained and combined with the standard classifier: the lower row, upper row, right column and left column classifiers. This new feature extraction procedure and the classification method were carried out on three open databases: the UAM P300 database (Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico), BCI competition II (dataset IIb) and BCI competition III (dataset II). Main results. The inclusion of the classification of non-target adjacent stimuli improves target classification in the classical row/column paradigm. A gain in mean single trial classification of 9.6% and an overall improvement of 25% in simulated spelling speed was achieved. Significance. We have provided further evidence that the ERPs produced by adjacent stimuli present discriminable features, which could provide additional information about the spatial location of intended symbols. This work promotes the searching of information on the peripheral stimulation responses to improve the performance of emerging visual ERP-based spellers.

Inference of Ancestry in Forensic Analysis II: Analysis of Genetic Data.

PubMed

Santos, Carla; Phillips, Chris; Gomez-Tato, A; Alvarez-Dios, J; Carracedo, Ángel; Lareu, Maria Victoria

2016-01-01

Three approaches applicable to the analysis of forensic ancestry-informative marker data-STRUCTURE, principal component analysis, and the Snipper Bayesian classification system-are reviewed. Detailed step-by-step guidance is provided for adjusting parameter settings in STRUCTURE with particular regard to their effect when differentiating populations. Several enhancements to the Snipper online forensic classification portal are described, highlighting the added functionality they bring to particular aspects of ancestry-informative SNP analysis in a forensic context.

Biowaiver or Bioequivalence: Ambiguity in Sildenafil Citrate BCS Classification.

PubMed

Miranda, Claudia; Pérez-Rodríguez, Zenia; Hernández-Armengol, Rosario; Quiñones-García, Yaidel; Betancourt-Purón, Tania; Cabrera-Pérez, Miguel Ángel

2018-05-01

The aim of the present study is to contribute to the scientific characterization of sildenafil citrate according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System, following the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for biowaivers. The solubility and intestinal permeability data of sildenafil citrate were collected from literature; however, the experimental solubility studies are inconclusive and its "high permeability" suggests an API in the borderline of BCS Class I and Class II. The pH-solubility profile was determined using the saturation shake-flask method over the pH range of 1.2-6.8 at a temperature of 37 °C in aqueous media. The intestinal permeability was determined in rat by a closed-loop in situ perfusion method (the Doluisio technique). The solubility of sildenafil citrate is pH-dependent and at pH 6.8 the dose/solubility ratio obtained does not meet the WHO criteria for "high solubility." The high permeability values obtained by in situ intestinal perfusion in rat reinforce the published permeability data for sildenafil citrate. The experimental results obtained and the data available in the literature suggest that sildenafil citrate is clearly a Class II of BCS, according to the current biopharmaceutics classification system and WHO guidance.

Anaerobic Digestion II. Sludge Treatment and Disposal Course #166. Instructor's Guide [and] Student Workbook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arasmith, E. E.

This lesson is the second of a two-part series on anaerobic digestion. Topics discussed include classification of digester by function, roof design, and temperature range, mixing systems, gas system components, operational control basics, and general safety considerations. The lesson includes an instructor's guide and student workbook. The…

A Cradle-to-Grave Integrated Approach to Using UNIFORMAT II

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schneider, Richard C.; Cain, David A.

2009-01-01

The ASTM E1557/UNIFORMAT II standard is a three-level, function-oriented classification which links the schematic phase Preliminary Project Descriptions (PPD), based on Construction Standard Institute (CSI) Practice FF/180, to elemental cost estimates based on R.S. Means Cost Data. With the UNIFORMAT II Standard Classification for Building…

An Expert System for Diagnosis of Sleep Disorder Using Fuzzy Rule-Based Classification Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Septem Riza, Lala; Pradini, Mila; Fitrajaya Rahman, Eka; Rasim

2017-03-01

Sleep disorder is an anomaly that could cause problems for someone’ sleeping pattern. Nowadays, it becomes an issue since people are getting busy with their own business and have no time to visit the doctors. Therefore, this research aims to develop a system used for diagnosis of sleep disorder using Fuzzy Rule-Based Classification System (FRBCS). FRBCS is a method based on the fuzzy set concepts. It consists of two steps: (i) constructing a model/knowledge involving rulebase and database, and (ii) prediction over new data. In this case, the knowledge is obtained from experts whereas in the prediction stage, we perform fuzzification, inference, and classification. Then, a platform implementing the method is built with a combination between PHP and the R programming language using the “Shiny” package. To validate the system that has been made, some experiments have been done using data from a psychiatric hospital in West Java, Indonesia. Accuracy of the result and computation time are 84.85% and 0.0133 seconds, respectively.

7 CFR 51.1995 - U.S. No. 1.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) Blanks; and, (ii) Broken or split shells. (4) Free from damage caused by: (i) Stains; and, (ii) Adhering... accordance with one of the size classifications in Table I. Table I Size classifications Maximum size—Will...

7 CFR 51.1995 - U.S. No. 1.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...) Blanks; and, (ii) Broken or split shells. (4) Free from damage caused by: (i) Stains; and, (ii) Adhering... accordance with one of the size classifications in Table I. Table I Size classifications Maximum size—Will...

AUTOMOTIVE DIESEL MAINTENANCE 1. UNIT XXVI, I--CATERPILLAR LUBRICATION SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS, II--LEARNING ABOUT BRAKES (PART I).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Minnesota State Dept. of Education, St. Paul. Div. of Vocational and Technical Education.

THIS MODULE OF A 30-MODULE COURSE IS DESIGNED TO DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE FUNCTIONS OF DIESEL ENGINE LUBRICATION SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS AND THE PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION OF BRAKE SYSTEMS USED ON DIESEL POWERED VEHICLES. TOPICS ARE (1) THE NEED FOR OIL, (2) SERVICE CLASSIFICATION OF OILS, (3) CATERPILLAR LUBRICATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS (4)…

[Differentiation between moisture lesions and pressure ulcers using photographs in a critical area].

PubMed

Valls-Matarín, Josefa; Del Cotillo-Fuente, Mercedes; Pujol-Vila, María; Ribal-Prior, Rosa; Sandalinas-Mulero, Inmaculada

2016-01-01

To identify difficulties for nurses in differentiating between moisture lesions and pressure ulcers, proper classification of pressure ulcers to assess the adequate classification of the Grupo Nacional para el Estudio y Asesoramiento de Úlceras por Presión y Heridas Crónicas (GNEAUPP) and the degree of agreement in the correct assessment by type and category of injury. Cross-sectional study in a critical area during 2014. All nurses who agreed to participate were included. They performed a questionnaire with 14 photographs validated by experts of moisture lesions or pressure ulcers in the sacral area and buttocks, with 6 possible answers: Pressure ulcer category I, II, III, IV, moisture lesions and unknown. Demographics and knowledge of the classification system of the pressure ulcers were collected according to GNEAUPP. It involved 98% of the population (n=56); 98.2% knew the classification system of the GNEAUPP; 35.2% of moisture lesions were considered as pressure ulcers, most of them as a category II (18.9%). The 14.8% of the pressure ulcers photographs were identified as moisture lesions and 16.1% were classified in another category. The agreement between nurses earned a global Kappa index of .38 (95% CI: .29-.57). There are difficulties differentiating between pressure ulcers and moisture lesions, especially within initial categories. Nurses have the perception they know the pressure ulcers classification, but they do not classify them correctly. The degree of concordance in the diagnosis of skin lesions was low. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Perforator chimerism for the reconstruction of complex defects: A new chimeric free flap classification system.

PubMed

Kim, Jeong Tae; Kim, Youn Hwan; Ghanem, Ali M

2015-11-01

Complex defects present structural and functional challenges to reconstructive surgeons. When compared to multiple free flaps or staged reconstruction, the use of chimeric flaps to reconstruct such defects have many advantages such as reduced number of operative procedures and donor site morbidity as well as preservation of recipient vessels. With increased popularity of perforator flaps, chimeric flaps' harvest and design has benefited from 'perforator concept' towards more versatile and better reconstruction solutions. This article discusses perforator based chimeric flaps and presents a practice based classification system that incorporates the perforator flap concept into "Perforator Chimerism". The authors analyzed a variety of chimeric patterns used in 31 consecutive cases to present illustrative case series and their new classification system. Accordingly, chimeric flaps are classified into four types. Type I: Classical Chimerism, Type II: Anastomotic Chimerism, Type III: Perforator Chimerism and Type IV Mixed Chimerism. Types I on specific source vessel anatomy whilst Type II requires microvascular anastomosis to create the chimeric reconstructive solution. Type III chimeric flaps utilizes the perforator concept to raise two components of tissues without microvascular anastomosis between them. Type IV chimeric flaps are mixed type flaps comprising any combination of Types I to III. Incorporation of the perforator concept in planning and designing chimeric flaps has allowed safe, effective and aesthetically superior reconstruction of complex defects. The new classification system aids reconstructive surgeons and trainees to understand chimeric flaps design, facilitating effective incorporation of this important reconstructive technique into the armamentarium of the reconstruction toolbox. Copyright © 2015 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Combined application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and the NANDA-International Taxonomy II.

PubMed

Boldt, Christine; Grill, Eva; Bartholomeyczik, Sabine; Brach, Mirjam; Rauch, Alexandra; Eriks-Hoogland, Inge; Stucki, Gerold

2010-08-01

This paper presents a discussion of the conceptual and practical relationships between the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and the NANDA-International Taxonomy II for nursing diagnoses, and their use in nursing practice. The ICF provides a common classification framework for all healthcare professionals, including nurses. Nursing care plans can be broadly based on NANDA-I taxonomies. No published attempt has been made to systematically compare the NANDA-I Taxonomy II to the ICF. The most recently published descriptions of both classifications and a case example presenting the combined use of both classifications. The work was carried out in 2009. There are conceptual commonalities and differences between the ICF and the NANDA-I Taxonomy II. In the case example, the overlap between the ICF categories and NANDA-I nursing diagnoses reflects the fact that the ICF, focusing on functioning and disability, and the NANDA-I Taxonomy II, with its functioning health patterns, are similar in their approaches. The NANDA-I Taxonomy II permits the fulfilment of requirements that are exclusively nursing issues. The application of the ICF is useful for nurses to communicate nursing issues with other healthcare professionals in a common language. For nurses, knowledge shared with other healthcare professionals may contribute to broader understanding of a patient's situation. The ICF and the NANDA-I Taxonomy II should be used in concert by nurses and can complement each other to enhance the quality of clinical team work and nursing practice.

Comparison of Rai and Binet Classifications in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

PubMed

Zengin, N; Kars, A; Kansu, E; Özdemir, O; Barişta, İ; Güllü, İ; Güler, N; Özişik, Y; Dündar, S; Firat, D

1997-01-01

Staging systems are essential for understanding disease, in predicting the outcome, and therapeutic decision making in any tumor as well as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In this study, we compared the clinical correlation of the Rai and Binet classification systems in 133 CLL patients. The distribution of 133 patients according to the Rai system was as follows, stage 0:17, I:13, II:45, III:30, IV:28, and in the Binet system stage A:35, B:40, C:58 patients. Median survival of patients according to the Rai staging system was >67.0, >91.0, 63.8, 20.9 and 9.8 months, and >91.0, 63.4, 16.0 months according to Binet, respectively. Although no difference was found between Rai stages 0, I, II (p > 0.05) in terms of median survival, the difference between these stages and stages III and IV was statistically significant (p < 0.05). In the Binet staging system statistically significant survival difference was found between all stages (p < 0.05). We concluded that although both systems are comparable in terms of staging and predicting the outcome of patients with CLL, the Rai staging system appears to have an advantage over the Binet system by defining a subset of patients with excellent prognosis (stage 0) which is included within stage A of the latter.

Protein classification based on text document classification techniques.

PubMed

Cheng, Betty Yee Man; Carbonell, Jaime G; Klein-Seetharaman, Judith

2005-03-01

The need for accurate, automated protein classification methods continues to increase as advances in biotechnology uncover new proteins. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a particularly difficult superfamily of proteins to classify due to extreme diversity among its members. Previous comparisons of BLAST, k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), hidden markov model (HMM) and support vector machine (SVM) using alignment-based features have suggested that classifiers at the complexity of SVM are needed to attain high accuracy. Here, analogous to document classification, we applied Decision Tree and Naive Bayes classifiers with chi-square feature selection on counts of n-grams (i.e. short peptide sequences of length n) to this classification task. Using the GPCR dataset and evaluation protocol from the previous study, the Naive Bayes classifier attained an accuracy of 93.0 and 92.4% in level I and level II subfamily classification respectively, while SVM has a reported accuracy of 88.4 and 86.3%. This is a 39.7 and 44.5% reduction in residual error for level I and level II subfamily classification, respectively. The Decision Tree, while inferior to SVM, outperforms HMM in both level I and level II subfamily classification. For those GPCR families whose profiles are stored in the Protein FAMilies database of alignments and HMMs (PFAM), our method performs comparably to a search against those profiles. Finally, our method can be generalized to other protein families by applying it to the superfamily of nuclear receptors with 94.5, 97.8 and 93.6% accuracy in family, level I and level II subfamily classification respectively. Copyright 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Contract for Manpower and Personnel Research and Studies II (COMPRS-II) Annual Report - Year Four

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-10-01

Wonderlic and the Prueba de Aptitud Academica (PAA) will be evaluated in the pilot "Foreign Language Recruiting Initiative" project. Starting in October...Spanish Wonderlic and the Prueba de Aptitud Academica (PAA) will be evaluated in the pilot "Foreign Language Recruiting Initiative" project. Starting...implemented by linear programming software , which optimizes the Army’s enlisted personnel classification system, while accounting for realistic

21 CFR 882.4560 - Stereotaxic instrument.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... part of the nervous system. (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards). ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Stereotaxic instrument. 882.4560 Section 882.4560 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED...

21 CFR 882.4560 - Stereotaxic instrument.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... part of the nervous system. (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards). ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Stereotaxic instrument. 882.4560 Section 882.4560 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED...

21 CFR 882.4560 - Stereotaxic instrument.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... part of the nervous system. (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards). ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Stereotaxic instrument. 882.4560 Section 882.4560 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED...

The 2016 revision of the WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumours: retrospective application to a cohort of diffuse gliomas.

PubMed

Rogers, Te Whiti; Toor, Gurvinder; Drummond, Katharine; Love, Craig; Field, Kathryn; Asher, Rebecca; Tsui, Alpha; Buckland, Michael; Gonzales, Michael

2018-03-01

The classification of central nervous system tumours has more recently been shaped by a focus on molecular pathology rather than histopathology. We re-classified 82 glial tumours according to the molecular-genetic criteria of the 2016 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System. Initial diagnoses and grading were based on the morphological criteria of the 2007 WHO scheme. Because of the impression of an oligodendroglial component on initial histological assessment, each tumour was tested for co-deletion of chromosomes 1p and 19q and mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH-1 and 2) genes. Additionally, expression of proteins encoded by alpha-thalassemia X-linked mental retardation (ATRX) and TP53 genes was assessed by immunohistochemistry. We found that all but two tumours could be assigned to a specific category in the 2016 revision. The most common change in diagnosis was from oligoastrocytoma to specifically astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma. Analysis of progression free survival (PFS) for WHO grade II and III tumours showed that the objective criteria of the 2016 revision separated diffuse gliomas into three distinct molecular categories: chromosome 1p/19q co-deleted/IDH mutant, intact 1p/19q/IDH mutant and IDH wild type. No significant difference in PFS was found when comparing IDH mutant grade II and III tumours suggesting that IDH status is more informative than tumour grade. The segregation into distinct molecular sub-types that is achieved by the 2016 revision provides an objective evidence base for managing patients with grade II and III diffuse gliomas based on prognosis.

Validation of the Japanese disease severity classification and the GAP model in Japanese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

PubMed

Kondoh, Shun; Chiba, Hirofumi; Nishikiori, Hirotaka; Umeda, Yasuaki; Kuronuma, Koji; Otsuka, Mitsuo; Yamada, Gen; Ohnishi, Hirofumi; Mori, Mitsuru; Kondoh, Yasuhiro; Taniguchi, Hiroyuki; Homma, Sakae; Takahashi, Hiroki

2016-09-01

The clinical course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) shows great inter-individual differences. It is important to standardize the severity classification to accurately evaluate each patient׳s prognosis. In Japan, an original severity classification (the Japanese disease severity classification, JSC) is used. In the United States, the new multidimensional index and staging system (the GAP model) has been proposed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the model performance for the prediction of mortality risk of the JSC and GAP models using a large cohort of Japanese patients with IPF. This is a retrospective cohort study including 326 patients with IPF in the Hokkaido prefecture from 2003 to 2007. We obtained the survival curves of each stage of the GAP and JSC models to perform a comparison. In the GAP model, the prognostic value for mortality risk of Japanese patients was also evaluated. In the JSC, patient prognoses were roughly divided into two groups, mild cases (Stages I and II) and severe cases (Stages III and IV). In the GAP model, there was no significant difference in survival between Stages II and III, and the mortality rates in the patients classified into the GAP Stages I and II were underestimated. It is difficult to predict accurate prognosis of IPF using the JSC and the GAP models. A re-examination of the variables from the two models is required, as well as an evaluation of the prognostic value to revise the severity classification for Japanese patients with IPF. Copyright © 2016 The Japanese Respiratory Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Classification of solid dispersions: correlation to (i) stability and solubility (ii) preparation and characterization techniques.

PubMed

Meng, Fan; Gala, Urvi; Chauhan, Harsh

2015-01-01

Solid dispersion has been a topic of interest in recent years for its potential in improving oral bioavailability, especially for poorly water soluble drugs where dissolution could be the rate-limiting step of oral absorption. Understanding the physical state of the drug and polymers in solid dispersions is essential as it influences both the stability and solubility of these systems. This review emphasizes on the classification of solid dispersions based on the physical states of drug and polymer. Based on this classification, stability aspects such as crystallization tendency, glass transition temperature (Tg), drug polymer miscibility, molecular mobility, etc. and solubility aspects have been discussed. In addition, preparation and characterization methods for binary solid dispersions based on the classification have also been discussed.

Comparisons of severity classification systems for oropharyngeal dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy: Relations with other functional profiles.

PubMed

Goh, Yu-Ra; Choi, Ja Young; Kim, Seon Ah; Park, Jieun; Park, Eun Sook

2018-01-01

This study aimed to investigate the relationships between various classification systems assessing the severity of oropharyngeal dysphagia and communication function and other functional profiles in children with cerebral palsy (CP). This is a prospective, cross-sectional, study in a university-affiliated, tertiary-care hospital. We recruited 151 children with CP (mean age 6.11 years, SD 3.42, range 3-18yr). The Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS) and the dysphagia scales of Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Swallow Function Scales (SFS), and Food Intake Level Scale (FILS) were used. The Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) and Viking Speech Scale (VSS) were employed to classify communication function and speech intelligibility, respectively. The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) with the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GFMCS) and the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) level were also assessed. Spearman correlation analysis to investigate the associations between measures and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to identify significant factors were used. Median GMFCS level of participants was III (interquartile range II-IV). Significant dysphagia based on EDACS level III-V was noted in 23 children (15.2%). There were strong to very strong relationships between the EDACS level with the dysphagia scales. The EDACS presented strong associations with MACS, CFCS, and VSS, a moderate association with GMFCS level, and a moderate to strong association with each domain of the PEDI. In multivariate analysis, poor functioning in EDACS were associated with poor functioning in gross motor and communication functions. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Per-field crop classification in irrigated agricultural regions in middle Asia using random forest and support vector machine ensemble

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Löw, Fabian; Schorcht, Gunther; Michel, Ulrich; Dech, Stefan; Conrad, Christopher

2012-10-01

Accurate crop identification and crop area estimation are important for studies on irrigated agricultural systems, yield and water demand modeling, and agrarian policy development. In this study a novel combination of Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers is presented that (i) enhances crop classification accuracy and (ii) provides spatial information on map uncertainty. The methodology was implemented over four distinct irrigated sites in Middle Asia using RapidEye time series data. The RF feature importance statistics was used as feature-selection strategy for the SVM to assess possible negative effects on classification accuracy caused by an oversized feature space. The results of the individual RF and SVM classifications were combined with rules based on posterior classification probability and estimates of classification probability entropy. SVM classification performance was increased by feature selection through RF. Further experimental results indicate that the hybrid classifier improves overall classification accuracy in comparison to the single classifiers as well as useŕs and produceŕs accuracy.

A model for anomaly classification in intrusion detection systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferreira, V. O.; Galhardi, V. V.; Gonçalves, L. B. L.; Silva, R. C.; Cansian, A. M.

2015-09-01

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are traditionally divided into two types according to the detection methods they employ, namely (i) misuse detection and (ii) anomaly detection. Anomaly detection has been widely used and its main advantage is the ability to detect new attacks. However, the analysis of anomalies generated can become expensive, since they often have no clear information about the malicious events they represent. In this context, this paper presents a model for automated classification of alerts generated by an anomaly based IDS. The main goal is either the classification of the detected anomalies in well-defined taxonomies of attacks or to identify whether it is a false positive misclassified by the IDS. Some common attacks to computer networks were considered and we achieved important results that can equip security analysts with best resources for their analyses.

Does NDPH exist? Some clinical considerations.

PubMed

Manzoni, G C; Torelli, P

2011-05-01

The analysis of case series of new daily persistent headache (NDPH) reported so far in the literature and the clinical evaluation of affected patients seen at headache clinics suggest that the current International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II) diagnostic criteria for NDPH are not adequate. In particular, in several instances headache features are not consistent with those of tension-type headache, as the ICHD-II expects. Before making a diagnosis of primary NDPH, it is imperative to rule out that it may be due to any underlying systemic disease. Just as importantly, the presence of psychiatric comorbidity and the possible role played by stressful life factors in triggering NDPH onset should also be searched for. Probably, it will only be through some future improvement in the classification of headache attributed to psychiatric disorder (chapter 12 of the ICHD-II) on the one hand, and through a careful psychological evaluation of patients currently diagnosed as NDPH sufferers on the other, that we will finally know whether primary NDPH actually exists.

In silico prediction of ROCK II inhibitors by different classification approaches.

PubMed

Cai, Chuipu; Wu, Qihui; Luo, Yunxia; Ma, Huili; Shen, Jiangang; Zhang, Yongbin; Yang, Lei; Chen, Yunbo; Wen, Zehuai; Wang, Qi

2017-11-01

ROCK II is an important pharmacological target linked to central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. The purpose of this research is to generate ROCK II inhibitor prediction models by machine learning approaches. Firstly, four sets of descriptors were calculated with MOE 2010 and PaDEL-Descriptor, and optimized by F-score and linear forward selection methods. In addition, four classification algorithms were used to initially build 16 classifiers with k-nearest neighbors [Formula: see text], naïve Bayes, Random forest, and support vector machine. Furthermore, three sets of structural fingerprint descriptors were introduced to enhance the predictive capacity of classifiers, which were assessed with fivefold cross-validation, test set validation and external test set validation. The best two models, MFK + MACCS and MLR + SubFP, have both MCC values of 0.925 for external test set. After that, a privileged substructure analysis was performed to reveal common chemical features of ROCK II inhibitors. Finally, binding modes were analyzed to identify relationships between molecular descriptors and activity, while main interactions were revealed by comparing the docking interaction of the most potent and the weakest ROCK II inhibitors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on ROCK II inhibitors utilizing machine learning approaches that provides a new method for discovering novel ROCK II inhibitors.

Movement imagery classification in EMOTIV cap based system by Naïve Bayes.

PubMed

Stock, Vinicius N; Balbinot, Alexandre

2016-08-01

Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) provide means of communications and control, in assistive technology, which do not require motor activity from the user. The goal of this study is to promote classification of two types of imaginary movements, left and right hands, in an EMOTIV cap based system, using the Naïve Bayes classifier. A preliminary analysis with respect to results obtained by other experiments in this field is also conducted. Processing of the electroencephalography (EEG) signals is done applying Common Spatial Pattern filters. The EPOC electrodes cap is used for EEG acquisition, in two test subjects, for two distinct trial formats. The channels picked are FC5, FC6, P7 and P8 of the 10-20 system, and a discussion about the differences of using C3, C4, P3 and P4 positions is proposed. Dataset 3 of the BCI Competition II is also analyzed using the implemented algorithms. The maximum classification results for the proposed experiment and for the BCI Competition dataset were, respectively, 79% and 85% The conclusion of this study is that the picked positions for electrodes may be applied for BCI systems with satisfactory classification rates.

46 CFR 95.50-10 - Location.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Accommodations1 Staterooms, toilet spaces, public spaces, offices, lockers, isolated storerooms, and pantries... Extinguisher and Semiportable Fire-Extinguishing Systems Space Classification (see § 95.50-5) Quantity and... fraction thereof suitable for hazards involved. Paint and lamp rooms B-II 1 outside space in vicinity of...

46 CFR 95.50-10 - Location.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Accommodations1 Staterooms, toilet spaces, public spaces, offices, lockers, isolated storerooms, and pantries... Extinguisher and Semiportable Fire-Extinguishing Systems Space Classification (see § 95.50-5) Quantity and... fraction thereof suitable for hazards involved. Paint and lamp rooms B-II 1 outside space in vicinity of...

46 CFR 95.50-10 - Location.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Accommodations1 Staterooms, toilet spaces, public spaces, offices, lockers, isolated storerooms, and pantries... Extinguisher and Semiportable Fire-Extinguishing Systems Space Classification (see § 95.50-5) Quantity and... fraction thereof suitable for hazards involved. Paint and lamp rooms B-II 1 outside space in vicinity of...

46 CFR 95.50-10 - Location.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Accommodations1 Staterooms, toilet spaces, public spaces, offices, lockers, isolated storerooms, and pantries... Extinguisher and Semiportable Fire-Extinguishing Systems Space Classification (see § 95.50-5) Quantity and... fraction thereof suitable for hazards involved. Paint and lamp rooms B-II 1 outside space in vicinity of...

Phase structure of one-dimensional interacting Floquet systems. II. Symmetry-broken phases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

von Keyserlingk, C. W.; Sondhi, S. L.

2016-06-01

Recent work suggests that a sharp definition of "phase of matter" can be given for periodically driven "Floquet" quantum systems exhibiting many-body localization. In this work, we propose a classification of the phases of interacting Floquet localized systems with (completely) spontaneously broken symmetries; we focus on the one-dimensional case, but our results appear to generalize to higher dimensions. We find that the different Floquet phases correspond to elements of Z (G ) , the center of the symmetry group in question. In a previous paper [C. W. von Keyserlingk and S. L. Sondhi, preceding paper, Phys. Rev. B 93, 245145 (2016)], 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.245145, we offered a companion classification of unbroken, i.e., paramagnetic phases.

Nursing Care Hour Standards Study. Part 1. Section B. Patient Classification System Model Development

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-09-01

Measurement/Adult El FI~ [El 1:11] II PIES Form 326e (OT) 1 Novembeti 1978 A-3 sfti= 237 Saline IrrigatioD (Gastric)W uli il 111 Enema: Cleansing Mi...U lIED Dilatation and -Curettage/Assisting Physician ii) El Do~ EI M.1 L or Evacuation Vaginal /Pelvic Examinrations/Assisting Physician ElU L. IE l2...ADMINISTRATION: Oral -QB E ED EE ElE Suppositories Rectal/ Vaginal 1E El El El I ElD Topical MI~II iE Sublingual III ol El El El DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Bone

Understanding and Managing Causality of Change in Socio-Technical Systems II

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-25

SUBJECT TERMS Cognition , Human Effectiveness, Information Science 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT Same as Report (SAR) 18...at large taking into account the cognitive interaction between humans and technology. 8 Hussein Abbass Professor Abbass leads the...Network Centric Operations Future Air Traffic Management Systems Cognitive Engineering including Human-Computer Integration In all of the

21 CFR 866.5510 - Immunoglobulins A, G, M, D, and E immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES IMMUNOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY DEVICES Immunological... antibodies) in serum. Measurement of these immunoglobulins aids in the diagnosis of abnormal protein metabolism and the body's lack of ability to resist infectious agents. (b) Classification. Class II...

21 CFR 866.5510 - Immunoglobulins A, G, M, D, and E immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES IMMUNOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY DEVICES Immunological... antibodies) in serum. Measurement of these immunoglobulins aids in the diagnosis of abnormal protein metabolism and the body's lack of ability to resist infectious agents. (b) Classification. Class II...

21 CFR 866.5510 - Immunoglobulins A, G, M, D, and E immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES IMMUNOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY DEVICES Immunological... antibodies) in serum. Measurement of these immunoglobulins aids in the diagnosis of abnormal protein metabolism and the body's lack of ability to resist infectious agents. (b) Classification. Class II...

21 CFR 866.5510 - Immunoglobulins A, G, M, D, and E immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES IMMUNOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY DEVICES Immunological... antibodies) in serum. Measurement of these immunoglobulins aids in the diagnosis of abnormal protein metabolism and the body's lack of ability to resist infectious agents. (b) Classification. Class II...

21 CFR 866.5735 - Prothrombin immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... factor II) in serum. Measurements of the amount of antigenically competent (ability to react with protein antibodies) prothrombin aid in the diagnosis of blood-clotting disorders. (b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part...

Occupational Information 1990/91. Volume I.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Nebraska Career Information System.

The Nebraska Occupational Information books (volumes I and II) contain information about 386 different occupations in the state and answer questions about specific occupations in detail. The descriptions are arranged according to a U.S. Department of Labor classification system, with occupational titles clustered in general groups of selected…

Unintended Relevance: The Role of the Stryker Brigade Combat Team in the Decisive Action Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-05-25

Systems , 30MM 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON Walter C. Gray II...Facilities- Policy FCS Future Combat System FM Field Manual FMTV Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles GCV Ground Combat Vehicle GWOT...Vehicle MGS Mobile Gun System MPF Mobile Protected Firepower NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization ONS Operational Needs Statement RPG

Building Loads Analysis and System Thermodynamics (BLAST) Program Users Manual. Volume One. Supplement (Version 3.0).

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-03-01

AD-A B99 054 CONSTRUCTION EN INEERIN RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL F/ 9/2 BUILDING LOADS ANALYSIS AND SYSTEM THERMOD NAMICS (BLAST) PROGR...continued. systems , (11) induction unit systems , (12) direct-drive chillers, and (13) purchased steam from utilities. BLAST Version 3.0 also offers the user...their BLAST input. II UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEftin Date Rnerod) FOREWORD This report was prepared for the Air Force Systems

Module modified acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II: predicting the mortality of neuro-critical disease.

PubMed

Su, Yingying; Wang, Miao; Liu, Yifei; Ye, Hong; Gao, Daiquan; Chen, Weibi; Zhang, Yunzhou; Zhang, Yan

2014-12-01

This study aimed to conduct and assess a module modified acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (MM-APACHE) II model, based on disease categories modified-acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (DCM-APACHE) II model, in predicting mortality more accurately in neuro-intensive care units (N-ICUs). In total, 1686 patients entered into this prospective study. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II scores of all patients on admission and worst 24-, 48-, 72-hour scores were obtained. Neurological diagnosis on admission was classified into five categories: cerebral infarction, intracranial hemorrhage, neurological infection, spinal neuromuscular (SNM) disease, and other neurological diseases. The APACHE II scores of cerebral infarction, intracranial hemorrhage, and neurological infection patients were used for building the MM-APACHE II model. There were 1386 cases for cerebral infarction disease, intracranial hemorrhage disease, and neurological infection disease. The logistic linear regression showed that 72-hour APACHE II score (Wals  =  173.04, P < 0.001) and disease classification (Wals  =  12.51, P  =  0.02) were of importance in forecasting hospital mortality. Module modified acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II model, built on the variables of the 72-hour APACHE II score and disease category, had good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AU-ROC  =  0.830)) and calibration (χ2  =  12.518, P  =  0.20), and was better than the Knaus APACHE II model (AU-ROC  =  0.778). The APACHE II severity of disease classification system cannot provide accurate prognosis for all kinds of the diseases. A MM-APACHE II model can accurately predict hospital mortality for cerebral infarction, intracranial hemorrhage, and neurologic infection patients in N-ICU.

Classification of O Stars in the Yellow-Green: The Exciting Star VES 735

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kerton, C. R.; Ballantyne, D. R.; Martin, P. G.

1999-05-01

Acquiring data for spectral classification of heavily reddened stars using traditional criteria in the blue-violet region of the spectrum can be prohibitively time consuming using small to medium sized telescopes. One such star is the Vatican Observatory emission-line star VES 735, which we have found excites the H II region KR 140. In order to classify VES 735, we have constructed an atlas of stellar spectra of O stars in the yellow-green (4800-5420 Å). We calibrate spectral type versus the line ratio He I lambda4922:He II lambda5411, showing that this ratio should be useful for the classification of heavily reddened O stars associated with H II regions. Application to VES 735 shows that the spectral type is O8.5. The absolute magnitude suggests luminosity class V. Comparison of the rate of emission of ionizing photons and the bolometric luminosity of VES 735, inferred from radio and infrared measurements of the KR 140 region, to recent stellar models gives consistent evidence for a main-sequence star of mass 25 M_solar and age less than a few million years with a covering factor 0.4-0.5 by the nebular material. Spectra taken in the red (6500-6700 Å) show that the stellar Hα emission is double-peaked about the systemic velocity and slightly variable. Hβ is in absorption, so that the emission-line classification is ``(e)''. However, unlike the case of the more well-known O(e) star zeta Oph, the emission from VES 735 appears to be long-lived rather than episodic.

21 CFR 866.5270 - C-reactive protein immuno-logical test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... the C-reactive protein in serum and other body fluids. Measurement of C-reactive protein aids in evaluation of the amount of injury to body tissues. (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards). ....5270 Section 866.5270 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN...

21 CFR 866.5270 - C-reactive protein immuno-logical test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... the C-reactive protein in serum and other body fluids. Measurement of C-reactive protein aids in evaluation of the amount of injury to body tissues. (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards). ....5270 Section 866.5270 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN...

21 CFR 866.5270 - C-reactive protein immuno-logical test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... the C-reactive protein in serum and other body fluids. Measurement of C-reactive protein aids in evaluation of the amount of injury to body tissues. (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards). ....5270 Section 866.5270 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN...

21 CFR 866.5270 - C-reactive protein immuno-logical test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... the C-reactive protein in serum and other body fluids. Measurement of C-reactive protein aids in evaluation of the amount of injury to body tissues. (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards). ....5270 Section 866.5270 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN...

42 CFR 37.52 - Proficiency in the use of systems for classifying the pneumoconioses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... must be on the Roentgenographic Interpretation Form (Form CDC/NIOSH (M)2.8), or; (ii) Satisfactory... using an Interpreting Physician Certification Document (Form CDC/NIOSH (M)2.12). 2 NIOSH Safety and Health Topic. Chest Radiography: Radiographic Classification [http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics...

42 CFR 37.52 - Proficiency in the use of systems for classifying the pneumoconioses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... must be on the Radiographic Interpretation Form (Form CDC/NIOSH (M)2.8), or; (ii) Satisfactory... using an Interpreting Physician Certification Document (Form CDC/NIOSH (M)2.12). 2 NIOSH Safety and Health Topic. Chest Radiography: Radiographic Classification [http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics...

River Pollution: Part II. Biological Methods for Assessing Water Quality.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Openshaw, Peter

1984-01-01

Discusses methods used in the biological assessment of river quality and such indicators of clean and polluted waters as the Trent Biotic Index, Chandler Score System, and species diversity indexes. Includes a summary of a river classification scheme based on quality criteria related to water use. (JN)

40 CFR 370.42 - What is Tier II inventory information?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Confidential and Non-Confidential Information Sheets and all attachments. All other pages must also contain..., the city, county, State and zip code. (d) The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS... “confidential.” You must provide the confidential location information on a separate sheet from the other Tier...

40 CFR 370.42 - What is Tier II inventory information?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Confidential and Non-Confidential Information Sheets and all attachments. All other pages must also contain..., the city, county, State and zip code. (d) The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS... “confidential.” You must provide the confidential location information on a separate sheet from the other Tier...

Validity and reliability of the Paprosky acetabular defect classification.

PubMed

Yu, Raymond; Hofstaetter, Jochen G; Sullivan, Thomas; Costi, Kerry; Howie, Donald W; Solomon, Lucian B

2013-07-01

The Paprosky acetabular defect classification is widely used but has not been appropriately validated. Reliability of the Paprosky system has not been evaluated in combination with standardized techniques of measurement and scoring. This study evaluated the reliability, teachability, and validity of the Paprosky acetabular defect classification. Preoperative radiographs from a random sample of 83 patients undergoing 85 acetabular revisions were classified by four observers, and their classifications were compared with quantitative intraoperative measurements. Teachability of the classification scheme was tested by dividing the four observers into two groups. The observers in Group 1 underwent three teaching sessions; those in Group 2 underwent one session and the influence of teaching on the accuracy of their classifications was ascertained. Radiographic evaluation showed statistically significant relationships with intraoperative measurements of anterior, medial, and superior acetabular defect sizes. Interobserver reliability improved substantially after teaching and did not improve without it. The weighted kappa coefficient went from 0.56 at Occasion 1 to 0.79 after three teaching sessions in Group 1 observers, and from 0.49 to 0.65 after one teaching session in Group 2 observers. The Paprosky system is valid and shows good reliability when combined with standardized definitions of radiographic landmarks and a structured analysis. Level II, diagnostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Classification of damage in structural systems using time series analysis and supervised and unsupervised pattern recognition techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Omenzetter, Piotr; de Lautour, Oliver R.

2010-04-01

Developed for studying long, periodic records of various measured quantities, time series analysis methods are inherently suited and offer interesting possibilities for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) applications. However, their use in SHM can still be regarded as an emerging application and deserves more studies. In this research, Autoregressive (AR) models were used to fit experimental acceleration time histories from two experimental structural systems, a 3- storey bookshelf-type laboratory structure and the ASCE Phase II SHM Benchmark Structure, in healthy and several damaged states. The coefficients of the AR models were chosen as damage sensitive features. Preliminary visual inspection of the large, multidimensional sets of AR coefficients to check the presence of clusters corresponding to different damage severities was achieved using Sammon mapping - an efficient nonlinear data compression technique. Systematic classification of damage into states based on the analysis of the AR coefficients was achieved using two supervised classification techniques: Nearest Neighbor Classification (NNC) and Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ), and one unsupervised technique: Self-organizing Maps (SOM). This paper discusses the performance of AR coefficients as damage sensitive features and compares the efficiency of the three classification techniques using experimental data.

Protective Chafing Gear for Salvage Operations - Field Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-05-01

1980J E Approved for public release; distribution unlimited - INAVAL OCEAN SYSTEMS CENTER SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92152 80 6 20 008 * NAVAL OCEAN SYSTEMS...Officer of Reserve Harbor Clear- ance Unit 620. The initial suits were hand carried and evaluated during the cleanup task. A Navy Science Assistance...Systems Division Environmental Sciences Department II 𔃾 ? .4 F ~ ~~~~UNCLASSIFIED__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I7 f S~ECU I TY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (ften

Biowaiver extension potential and IVIVC for BCS Class II drugs by formulation design: Case study for cyclosporine self-microemulsifying formulation.

PubMed

Yang, Su-Geun

2010-11-01

The objective of this work was to suggest the biowaiver potential of biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) Class II drugs in self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) which are known to increase the solubility, dissolution and oral absorption of water-insoluble drugs. Cyclosporine was selected as a representative BCS Class II drug. New generic candidate of cyclosporine SMEDDS (test) was applied for the study with brand SMEDDS (reference I) and cyclosporine self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS, reference II). Solubility and dissolution of cyclosporine from SMEDDS were critically enhanced, which were the similar behaviors with BCS class I drug. The test showed the identical dissolution rate and the equivalent bioavailability (0.34, 0.42 and 0.68 of p values for AUC₀(→)₂₄(h), C(max) and T(max), respectively) with the reference I. Based on the results, level A in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) was established from these two SMEDDS formulations. This study serves as a good example for speculating the biowaiver extension potential of BCS Class II drugs specifically in solubilizing formulation such as SMEDDS.

Post-treatment glenoid classification system for total shoulder arthroplasty.

PubMed

Churchill, R Sean

2012-04-01

Over the past 10 years, numerous advancements in glenoid preparation and resurfacing have occurred. Current glenoid classification systems are either focused solely on the patient's preoperative glenoid bone configuration or on the available glenoid bone stock in revision arthroplasty cases. While these systems provide value in preoperative planning, they fail to properly classify the surgical reconstruction completed. A literature review of common bone preparation methods and sources of glenoid prosthetic failure was performed. Based upon this review, a classification system for grading the status of the glenoid after prosthetic implantation was developed. A 6 category, post-treatment, glenoid classification system is proposed: type 0: no reaming; type I: glenoid reaming into but not through the subchondral bone; type II: glenoid reaming which perforates through <50% of the subchondral bone surface area; type III: glenoid reaming which perforates through >50% of the subchondral bone surface area; type IV: use of structural bone graft; and type V: use of a posterior augmented glenoid prosthesis. Types I-III are further subdivided into subtype A which have 100% bone support of the prosthesis, and subtype B which have a region of unsupported prosthesis. The classification system proposed addresses the surgical management of the glenoid during prosthetic replacement. This unique approach to classifying the glenoid following surgical intervention will allow direct follow-up comparison of similarly treated glenoid replacements. Future multicenter studies, possibly through joint registry databases, could then determine the long-term efficacy of the various glenoid preparation methods. Copyright © 2012 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Application of Classification Methods for Forecasting Mid-Term Power Load Patterns

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Piao, Minghao; Lee, Heon Gyu; Park, Jin Hyoung; Ryu, Keun Ho

Currently an automated methodology based on data mining techniques is presented for the prediction of customer load patterns in long duration load profiles. The proposed approach in this paper consists of three stages: (i) data preprocessing: noise or outlier is removed and the continuous attribute-valued features are transformed to discrete values, (ii) cluster analysis: k-means clustering is used to create load pattern classes and the representative load profiles for each class and (iii) classification: we evaluated several supervised learning methods in order to select a suitable prediction method. According to the proposed methodology, power load measured from AMR (automatic meter reading) system, as well as customer indexes, were used as inputs for clustering. The output of clustering was the classification of representative load profiles (or classes). In order to evaluate the result of forecasting load patterns, the several classification methods were applied on a set of high voltage customers of the Korea power system and derived class labels from clustering and other features are used as input to produce classifiers. Lastly, the result of our experiments was presented.

SkICAT: A cataloging and analysis tool for wide field imaging surveys

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weir, N.; Fayyad, U. M.; Djorgovski, S. G.; Roden, J.

1992-01-01

We describe an integrated system, SkICAT (Sky Image Cataloging and Analysis Tool), for the automated reduction and analysis of the Palomar Observatory-ST ScI Digitized Sky Survey. The Survey will consist of the complete digitization of the photographic Second Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (POSS-II) in three bands, comprising nearly three Terabytes of pixel data. SkICAT applies a combination of existing packages, including FOCAS for basic image detection and measurement and SAS for database management, as well as custom software, to the task of managing this wealth of data. One of the most novel aspects of the system is its method of object classification. Using state-of-theart machine learning classification techniques (GID3* and O-BTree), we have developed a powerful method for automatically distinguishing point sources from non-point sources and artifacts, achieving comparably accurate discrimination a full magnitude fainter than in previous Schmidt plate surveys. The learning algorithms produce decision trees for classification by examining instances of objects classified by eye on both plate and higher quality CCD data. The same techniques will be applied to perform higher-level object classification (e.g., of galaxy morphology) in the near future. Another key feature of the system is the facility to integrate the catalogs from multiple plates (and portions thereof) to construct a single catalog of uniform calibration and quality down to the faintest limits of the survey. SkICAT also provides a variety of data analysis and exploration tools for the scientific utilization of the resulting catalogs. We include initial results of applying this system to measure the counts and distribution of galaxies in two bands down to Bj is approximately 21 mag over an approximate 70 square degree multi-plate field from POSS-II. SkICAT is constructed in a modular and general fashion and should be readily adaptable to other large-scale imaging surveys.

Classification of patients with low back-related leg pain: a systematic review.

PubMed

Stynes, Siobhán; Konstantinou, Kika; Dunn, Kate M

2016-05-23

The identification of clinically relevant subgroups of low back pain (LBP) is considered the number one LBP research priority in primary care. One subgroup of LBP patients are those with back related leg pain. Leg pain frequently accompanies LBP and is associated with increased levels of disability and higher health costs than simple low back pain. Distinguishing between different types of low back-related leg pain (LBLP) is important for clinical management and research applications, but there is currently no clear agreement on how to define and identify LBLP due to nerve root involvement. The aim of this systematic review was to identify, describe and appraise papers that classify or subgroup populations with LBLP, and summarise how leg pain due to nerve root involvement is described and diagnosed in the various systems. The search strategy involved nine electronic databases including Medline and Embase, reference lists of eligible studies and relevant reviews. Selected papers were appraised independently by two reviewers using a standardised scoring tool. Of 13,358 initial potential eligible citations, 50 relevant papers were identified that reported on 22 classification systems. Papers were grouped according to purpose and criteria of the classification systems. Five themes emerged: (i) clinical features (ii) pathoanatomy (iii) treatment-based approach (iv) screening tools and prediction rules and (v) pain mechanisms. Three of the twenty two systems focused specifically on LBLP populations. Systems that scored highest following quality appraisal were ones where authors generally included statistical methods to develop their classifications, and supporting work had been published on the systems' validity, reliability and generalisability. There was lack of consistency in how LBLP due to nerve root involvement was described and diagnosed within the systems. Numerous classification systems exist that include patients with leg pain, a minority of them focus specifically on distinguishing between different presentations of leg pain. Further work is needed to identify clinically meaningful subgroups of LBLP patients, ideally based on large primary care cohort populations and using recommended methods for classification system development.

The stellar content of 30 Doradus

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Walborn, N. R.

1984-01-01

The components of the supergiant H II region Tarantula are surveyed, noting that 30 Doradus is really only the most active section of the Large Magellanic Cloud. The region contains at least 40 WR stars and numerous non-H II region late spectral type supergiants. Most of the stars are centrally located and presumably feed on the nebulosity. The closeness of the population will require fine spectroscopic scans of all the members to achieve accurate typing. Although the population is mixed, the ionizing radiation emitted by the region is consistent with its classification as part of the H II region. Finally, the brightest objects within Tarantula are suspected of being multiple systems.

Inter-observer agreement for diagnostic classification of esophageal motility disorders defined in high-resolution manometry.

PubMed

Fox, M R; Pandolfino, J E; Sweis, R; Sauter, M; Abreu Y Abreu, A T; Anggiansah, A; Bogte, A; Bredenoord, A J; Dengler, W; Elvevi, A; Fruehauf, H; Gellersen, S; Ghosh, S; Gyawali, C P; Heinrich, H; Hemmink, M; Jafari, J; Kaufman, E; Kessing, K; Kwiatek, M; Lubomyr, B; Banasiuk, M; Mion, F; Pérez-de-la-Serna, J; Remes-Troche, J M; Rohof, W; Roman, S; Ruiz-de-León, A; Tutuian, R; Uscinowicz, M; Valdovinos, M A; Vardar, R; Velosa, M; Waśko-Czopnik, D; Weijenborg, P; Wilshire, C; Wright, J; Zerbib, F; Menne, D

2015-01-01

High-resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) is a recent development used in the evaluation of esophageal function. Our aim was to assess the inter-observer agreement for diagnosis of esophageal motility disorders using this technology. Practitioners registered on the HRM Working Group website were invited to review and classify (i) 147 individual water swallows and (ii) 40 diagnostic studies comprising 10 swallows using a drop-down menu that followed the Chicago Classification system. Data were presented using a standardized format with pressure contours without a summary of HRM metrics. The sequence of swallows was fixed for each user but randomized between users to avoid sequence bias. Participants were blinded to other entries. (i) Individual swallows were assessed by 18 practitioners (13 institutions). Consensus agreement (≤ 2/18 dissenters) was present for most cases of normal peristalsis and achalasia but not for cases of peristaltic dysmotility. (ii) Diagnostic studies were assessed by 36 practitioners (28 institutions). Overall inter-observer agreement was 'moderate' (kappa 0.51) being 'substantial' (kappa > 0.7) for achalasia type I/II and no lower than 'fair-moderate' (kappa >0.34) for any diagnosis. Overall agreement was somewhat higher among those that had performed >400 studies (n = 9; kappa 0.55) and 'substantial' among experts involved in development of the Chicago Classification system (n = 4; kappa 0.66). This prospective, randomized, and blinded study reports an acceptable level of inter-observer agreement for HRM diagnoses across the full spectrum of esophageal motility disorders for a large group of clinicians working in a range of medical institutions. Suboptimal agreement for diagnosis of peristaltic motility disorders highlights contribution of objective HRM metrics. © 2014 International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus.

14 CFR Section 21 - Introduction to System of Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... classification of large certificated air carriers into Group I, Group II, and Group III with the form and content differentiated as between groups. (d) Each schedule of the prescribed BTS Form 41 Report has been assigned a... U.S. Virgin Islands, and shall also include Canadian transborder operations. The reports to be...

21 CFR 866.5785 - Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) antibody (ASCA) test systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... an in vitro diagnostic device that consists of the reagents used to measure, by immunochemical techniques, antibodies to S. cerevisiae (baker's or brewer's yeast) in human serum or plasma. Detection of S. cerevisiae antibodies may aid in the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. (b) Classification. Class II (special...

26 CFR 1.410(b)-4 - Nondiscriminatory classification test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... unsafe harbor percentage, as defined in paragraph (c)(4)(ii) of this section, and (B) The classification... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Nondiscriminatory classification test. 1.410(b.... § 1.410(b)-4 Nondiscriminatory classification test. (a) In general. A plan satisfies the...

Evaluation of Uniform Cost Accounting System to Fully Capture Depot Level Repair Costs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-12-01

RD-RI65 522 EVALUATION OF UNIFORM COST ACCOUNTING SYSTEM TO FULLY i/I CAPTURE DEPOT LEVEL REPAIR COSTS (U) NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA D R...8217.LECTE B ,- THESIS EVALUATION OF UNIFORM COST ACCOUNTING SYSTEM 0TO FULLY CAPTURE DEPOT LEVEL REPAIR COSTS Jby __jDavid Richmond O’Brien lj,,, December...Include Security Classification) EVALUATION OF UNIFORM COST ACCOUNTING SYSTEM TO FULLY CAPTURE DEPOT LEVEL REPAIR COSTS 12 PERSONAL AUTHOR(S) O’Brien- David

A support vector machine for spectral classification of emission-line galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Fei; Liu, Yu-Yan; Sun, Guang-Lan; Li, Pei-Yu; Lei, Yu-Ming; Wang, Jian

2015-10-01

The emission-lines of galaxies originate from massive young stars or supermassive blackholes. As a result, spectral classification of emission-line galaxies into star-forming galaxies, active galactic nucleus (AGN) hosts, or compositions of both relates closely to formation and evolution of galaxy. To find efficient and automatic spectral classification method, especially in large surveys and huge data bases, a support vector machine (SVM) supervised learning algorithm is applied to a sample of emission-line galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data release 9 (DR9) provided by the Max Planck Institute and the Johns Hopkins University (MPA/JHU). A two-step approach is adopted. (i) The SVM must be trained with a subset of objects that are known to be AGN hosts, composites or star-forming galaxies, treating the strong emission-line flux measurements as input feature vectors in an n-dimensional space, where n is the number of strong emission-line flux ratios. (ii) After training on a sample of emission-line galaxies, the remaining galaxies are automatically classified. In the classification process, we use a 10-fold cross-validation technique. We show that the classification diagrams based on the [N II]/Hα versus other emission-line ratio, such as [O III]/Hβ, [Ne III]/[O II], ([O III]λ4959+[O III]λ5007)/[O III]λ4363, [O II]/Hβ, [Ar III]/[O III], [S II]/Hα, and [O I]/Hα, plus colour, allows us to separate unambiguously AGN hosts, composites or star-forming galaxies. Among them, the diagram of [N II]/Hα versus [O III]/Hβ achieved an accuracy of 99 per cent to separate the three classes of objects. The other diagrams above give an accuracy of ˜91 per cent.

Reliability and Applicability of the Bayley Scale of Infant Development-II for Children With Cerebral Palsy.

PubMed

Lee, Ji Hyun; Lim, Hye Kyung; Park, Eunyoung; Song, Junyoung; Lee, Hee Song; Ko, Jooyeon; Kim, Minyoung

2013-04-01

To obtain reliability and applicability of the Korean version Bayley Scale of Infant Development-II (BSID-II) in evaluating the developmental status of children with cerebral palsy (CP). The inter-rater reliability of BSID-II scores from 68 children with CP (46 boys and 22 girls; mean age, 32.54±16.76 months; age range, 4 to 78 months) was evaluated by 10 pediatric occupational therapists. Patients were classified in several ways according to age group, typology, and the severity of motor impairment by the level of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The measures were performed by video analysis, and the results of intraclass correlation (ICC) were obtained for each of the above classifications. To evaluate the clinical applicability of BSID-II for CP, its correlation with the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), which has been known as the standard motor assessment for CP, was investigated. ICC was 0.99 for the Mental scale and 0.98 for the Motor scale in all subjects. The values of ICC ranged from 0.92 to 0.99 for each age group, 0.93 to 0.99 for each typology, and 0.99 to 1.00 for each GMFCS level. A strong positive correlation was found between the BSID-II Motor raw score and the GMFM total score (r=0.84, p<0.001), and a moderate correlation was observed between the BSID-II Mental raw score and the GMFM total score (r=0.65, p<0.001). The Korean version of BSID-II is a reliable tool to measure the functional status of children with CP. The raw scores of BSID-II showed a great correlation with GMFM, indicating validity of this measure for children with CP on clinical basis.

The Biopharmaceutics Classification System: subclasses for in vivo predictive dissolution (IPD) methodology and IVIVC.

PubMed

Tsume, Yasuhiro; Mudie, Deanna M; Langguth, Peter; Amidon, Greg E; Amidon, Gordon L

2014-06-16

The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) has found widespread utility in drug discovery, product development and drug product regulatory sciences. The classification scheme captures the two most significant factors influencing oral drug absorption; solubility and intestinal permeability and it has proven to be a very useful and a widely accepted starting point for drug product development and drug product regulation. The mechanistic base of the BCS approach has, no doubt, contributed to its wide spread acceptance and utility. Nevertheless, underneath the simplicity of BCS are many detailed complexities, both in vitro and in vivo which must be evaluated and investigated for any given drug and drug product. In this manuscript we propose a simple extension of the BCS classes to include sub-specification of acid (a), base (b) and neutral (c) for classes II and IV. Sub-classification for Classes I and III (high solubility drugs as currently defined) is generally not needed except perhaps in border line solubility cases. It is well known that the , pKa physical property of a drug (API) has a significant impact on the aqueous solubility dissolution of drug from the drug product both in vitro and in vivo for BCS Class II and IV acids and bases, and is the basis, we propose for a sub-classification extension of the original BCS classification. This BCS sub-classification is particularly important for in vivo predictive dissolution methodology development due to the complex and variable in vivo environment in the gastrointestinal tract, with its changing pH, buffer capacity, luminal volume, surfactant luminal conditions, permeability profile along the gastrointestinal tract and variable transit and fasted and fed states. We believe this sub-classification is a step toward developing a more science-based mechanistic in vivo predictive dissolution (IPD) methodology. Such a dissolution methodology can be used by development scientists to assess the likelihood of a formulation and dosage form functioning as desired in humans, can be optimized along with parallel human pharmacokinetic studies to set a dissolution methodology for Quality by Design (QbD) and in vitro-in vivo correlations (IVIVC) and ultimately can be used as a basis for a dissolution standard that will ensure continued in vivo product performance. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Biopharmaceutics Classification System: Subclasses for in vivo predictive dissolution (IPD) methodology and IVIVC

PubMed Central

Tsume, Yasuhiro; Mudie, Deanna M.; Langguth, Peter; Amidon, Greg E.; Amidon, Gordon L.

2014-01-01

The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) has found widespread utility in drug discovery, product development and drug product regulatory sciences. The classification scheme captures the two most significant factors influencing oral drug absorption; solubility and intestinal permeability and it has proven to be a very useful and a widely accepted starting point for drug product development and drug product regulation. The mechanistic base of the BCS approach has, no doubt, contributed to its wide spread acceptance and utility. Nevertheless, underneath the simplicity of BCS are many detailed complexities, both in vitro and in vivo which must be evaluated and investigated for any given drug and drug product. In this manuscript we propose a simple extension of the BCS classes to include subspecification of acid (a), base (b) and neutral (c) for classes II and IV. Sub-classification for Classes I and III (high solubility drugs as currently defined) is generally not needed except perhaps in border line solubility cases. It is well known that the , pKa physical property of a drug (API) has a significant impact on the aqueous solubility dissolution of drug from the drug product both in vitro and in vivo for BCS Class II and IV acids and bases, and is the basis, we propose for a sub-classification extension of the original BCS classification. This BCS sub-classification is particularly important for in vivo predictive dissolution methodology development due to the complex and variable in vivo environment in the gastrointestinal tract, with its changing pH, buffer capacity, luminal volume, surfactant luminal conditions, permeability profile along the gastrointestinal tract and variable transit and fasted and fed states. We believe this sub-classification is a step toward developing a more science-based mechanistic in vivo predictive dissolution (IPD) methodology. Such a dissolution methodology can be used by development scientists to assess the likelihood of a formulation and dosage form functioning as desired in humans, can be optimized along with parallel human pharmacokinetic studies to set a dissolution methodology for Quality by Design (QbD) and in vitro–in vivo correlations (IVIVC) and ultimately can be used as a basis for a dissolution standard that will ensure continued in vivo product performance. PMID:24486482

46 CFR 193.50-5 - Classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Classification. 193.50-5 Section 193.50-5 Shipping COAST... Details § 193.50-5 Classification. (a) Hand portable fire extinguishers and semiportable fire...) Classification Type Size Soda-acid and water, gals. Foam, gals. Carbon dioxide, lbs. Dry chemical, lbs. A II 21/2...

46 CFR 193.50-5 - Classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Classification. 193.50-5 Section 193.50-5 Shipping COAST... Details § 193.50-5 Classification. (a) Hand portable fire extinguishers and semiportable fire...) Classification Type Size Soda-acid and water, gals. Foam, gals. Carbon dioxide, lbs. Dry chemical, lbs. A II 21/2...

46 CFR 193.50-5 - Classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Classification. 193.50-5 Section 193.50-5 Shipping COAST... Details § 193.50-5 Classification. (a) Hand portable fire extinguishers and semiportable fire...) Classification Type Size Soda-acid and water, gals. Foam, gals. Carbon dioxide, lbs. Dry chemical, lbs. A II 21/2...

46 CFR 193.50-5 - Classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Classification. 193.50-5 Section 193.50-5 Shipping COAST... Details § 193.50-5 Classification. (a) Hand portable fire extinguishers and semiportable fire...) Classification Type Size Soda-acid and water, gals. Foam, gals. Carbon dioxide, lbs. Dry chemical, lbs. A II 21/2...

46 CFR 193.50-5 - Classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Classification. 193.50-5 Section 193.50-5 Shipping COAST... Details § 193.50-5 Classification. (a) Hand portable fire extinguishers and semiportable fire...) Classification Type Size Soda-acid and water, gals. Foam, gals. Carbon dioxide, lbs. Dry chemical, lbs. A II 21/2...

Brain tumor classification using AFM in combination with data mining techniques.

PubMed

Huml, Marlene; Silye, René; Zauner, Gerald; Hutterer, Stephan; Schilcher, Kurt

2013-01-01

Although classification of astrocytic tumors is standardized by the WHO grading system, which is mainly based on microscopy-derived, histomorphological features, there is great interobserver variability. The main causes are thought to be the complexity of morphological details varying from tumor to tumor and from patient to patient, variations in the technical histopathological procedures like staining protocols, and finally the individual experience of the diagnosing pathologist. Thus, to raise astrocytoma grading to a more objective standard, this paper proposes a methodology based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) derived images made from histopathological samples in combination with data mining techniques. By comparing AFM images with corresponding light microscopy images of the same area, the progressive formation of cavities due to cell necrosis was identified as a typical morphological marker for a computer-assisted analysis. Using genetic programming as a tool for feature analysis, a best model was created that achieved 94.74% classification accuracy in distinguishing grade II tumors from grade IV ones. While utilizing modern image analysis techniques, AFM may become an important tool in astrocytic tumor diagnosis. By this way patients suffering from grade II tumors are identified unambiguously, having a less risk for malignant transformation. They would benefit from early adjuvant therapies.

Is a specific oncological scoring system better at predicting the prognosis of cancer patients admitted for an acute medical complication in an intensive care unit than general gravity scores?

PubMed

Berghmans, T; Paesmans, M; Sculier, J P

2004-04-01

To evaluate the effectiveness of a specific oncologic scoring system-the ICU Cancer Mortality model (ICM)-in predicting hospital mortality in comparison to two general severity scores-the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) and the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II). All 247 patients admitted for a medical acute complication over an 18-month period in an oncological medical intensive care unit were prospectively registered. Their data, including type of complication, vital status at discharge and cancer characteristics as well as other variables necessary to calculate the three scoring systems were retrospectively assessed. Observed in-hospital mortality was 34%. The predicted in-hospital mortality rate for APACHE II was 32%; SAPS II, 24%; and ICM, 28%. The goodness of fit was inadequate except for the ICM score. Comparison of the area under the ROC curves revealed a better fit for ICM (area 0.79). The maximum correct classification rate was 72% for APACHE II, 74% for SAPS II and 77% for ICM. APACHE II and SAPS II were better at predicting outcome for survivors to hospital discharge, although ICM was better for non-survivors. Two variables were independently predicting the risk of death during hospitalisation: ICM (OR=2.31) and SAPS II (OR=1.05). Gravity scores were the single independent predictors for hospital mortality, and ICM was equivalent to APACHE II and SAPS II.

A developmental and genetic classification for midbrain-hindbrain malformations

PubMed Central

Millen, Kathleen J.; Dobyns, William B.

2009-01-01

Advances in neuroimaging, developmental biology and molecular genetics have increased the understanding of developmental disorders affecting the midbrain and hindbrain, both as isolated anomalies and as part of larger malformation syndromes. However, the understanding of these malformations and their relationships with other malformations, within the central nervous system and in the rest of the body, remains limited. A new classification system is proposed, based wherever possible, upon embryology and genetics. Proposed categories include: (i) malformations secondary to early anteroposterior and dorsoventral patterning defects, or to misspecification of mid-hindbrain germinal zones; (ii) malformations associated with later generalized developmental disorders that significantly affect the brainstem and cerebellum (and have a pathogenesis that is at least partly understood); (iii) localized brain malformations that significantly affect the brain stem and cerebellum (pathogenesis partly or largely understood, includes local proliferation, cell specification, migration and axonal guidance); and (iv) combined hypoplasia and atrophy of putative prenatal onset degenerative disorders. Pertinent embryology is discussed and the classification is justified. This classification will prove useful for both physicians who diagnose and treat patients with these disorders and for clinical scientists who wish to understand better the perturbations of developmental processes that produce them. Importantly, both the classification and its framework remain flexible enough to be easily modified when new embryologic processes are described or new malformations discovered. PMID:19933510

How Well Do Molecular and Pedigree Relatedness Correspond, in Populations with Diverse Mating Systems, and Various Types and Quantities of Molecular and Demographic Data?

PubMed

Kopps, Anna M; Kang, Jungkoo; Sherwin, William B; Palsbøll, Per J

2015-06-30

Kinship analyses are important pillars of ecological and conservation genetic studies with potentially far-reaching implications. There is a need for power analyses that address a range of possible relationships. Nevertheless, such analyses are rarely applied, and studies that use genetic-data-based-kinship inference often ignore the influence of intrinsic population characteristics. We investigated 11 questions regarding the correct classification rate of dyads to relatedness categories (relatedness category assignments; RCA) using an individual-based model with realistic life history parameters. We investigated the effects of the number of genetic markers; marker type (microsatellite, single nucleotide polymorphism SNP, or both); minor allele frequency; typing error; mating system; and the number of overlapping generations under different demographic conditions. We found that (i) an increasing number of genetic markers increased the correct classification rate of the RCA so that up to >80% first cousins can be correctly assigned; (ii) the minimum number of genetic markers required for assignments with 80 and 95% correct classifications differed between relatedness categories, mating systems, and the number of overlapping generations; (iii) the correct classification rate was improved by adding additional relatedness categories and age and mitochondrial DNA data; and (iv) a combination of microsatellite and single-nucleotide polymorphism data increased the correct classification rate if <800 SNP loci were available. This study shows how intrinsic population characteristics, such as mating system and the number of overlapping generations, life history traits, and genetic marker characteristics, can influence the correct classification rate of an RCA study. Therefore, species-specific power analyses are essential for empirical studies. Copyright © 2015 Kopps et al.

40 CFR 52.1221 - Classification of regions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Minnesota § 52.1221 Classification of regions. The Minnesota plan was evaluated on the basis of the following classifications: Air... Photochemical oxidants (hydrocarbons) Central Minnesota Intrastate II III III III III Southeast Minnesota-La...

40 CFR 52.1221 - Classification of regions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Minnesota § 52.1221 Classification of regions. The Minnesota plan was evaluated on the basis of the following classifications: Air... Photochemical oxidants (hydrocarbons) Central Minnesota Intrastate II III III III III Southeast Minnesota-La...

40 CFR 52.1221 - Classification of regions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Minnesota § 52.1221 Classification of regions. The Minnesota plan was evaluated on the basis of the following classifications: Air... Photochemical oxidants (hydrocarbons) Central Minnesota Intrastate II III III III III Southeast Minnesota-La...

Health information management: an introduction to disease classification and coding.

PubMed

Mony, Prem Kumar; Nagaraj, C

2007-01-01

Morbidity and mortality data constitute an important component of a health information system and their coding enables uniform data collation and analysis as well as meaningful comparisons between regions or countries. Strengthening the recording and reporting systems for health monitoring is a basic requirement for an efficient health information management system. Increased advocacy for and awareness of a uniform coding system together with adequate capacity building of physicians, coders and other allied health and information technology personnel would pave the way for a valid and reliable health information management system in India. The core requirements for the implementation of disease coding are: (i) support from national/institutional health administrators, (ii) widespread availability of the ICD-10 material for morbidity and mortality coding; (iii) enhanced human and financial resources; and (iv) optimal use of informatics. We describe the methodology of a disease classification and codification system as also its applications for developing and maintaining an effective health information management system for India.

Sexual orientation and gender identity: review of concepts, controversies and their relation to psychopathology classification systems

PubMed Central

Moleiro, Carla; Pinto, Nuno

2015-01-01

Numerous controversies and debates have taken place throughout the history of psychopathology (and its main classification systems) with regards to sexual orientation and gender identity. These are still reflected on present reformulations of gender dysphoria in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and the International Classification of Diseases, and in more or less subtle micro-aggressions experienced by lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans patients in mental health care. The present paper critically reviews this history and current controversies. It reveals that this deeply complex field contributes (i) to the reflection on the very concept of mental illness; (ii) to the focus on subjective distress and person-centered experience of psychopathology; and (iii) to the recognition of stigma and discrimination as significant intervening variables. Finally, it argues that sexual orientation and gender identity have been viewed, in the history of the field of psychopathology, between two poles: gender transgression and gender variance/fluidity. PMID:26483748

Sexual orientation and gender identity: review of concepts, controversies and their relation to psychopathology classification systems.

PubMed

Moleiro, Carla; Pinto, Nuno

2015-01-01

Numerous controversies and debates have taken place throughout the history of psychopathology (and its main classification systems) with regards to sexual orientation and gender identity. These are still reflected on present reformulations of gender dysphoria in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and the International Classification of Diseases, and in more or less subtle micro-aggressions experienced by lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans patients in mental health care. The present paper critically reviews this history and current controversies. It reveals that this deeply complex field contributes (i) to the reflection on the very concept of mental illness; (ii) to the focus on subjective distress and person-centered experience of psychopathology; and (iii) to the recognition of stigma and discrimination as significant intervening variables. Finally, it argues that sexual orientation and gender identity have been viewed, in the history of the field of psychopathology, between two poles: gender transgression and gender variance/fluidity.

The ESHRE/ESGE consensus on the classification of female genital tract congenital anomalies.

PubMed

Grimbizis, Grigoris F; Gordts, Stephan; Di Spiezio Sardo, Attilio; Brucker, Sara; De Angelis, Carlo; Gergolet, Marco; Li, Tin-Chiu; Tanos, Vasilios; Brölmann, Hans; Gianaroli, Luca; Campo, Rudi

2013-08-01

What classification system is more suitable for the accurate, clear, simple and related to the clinical management categorization of female genital anomalies? The new ESHRE/ESGE classification system of female genital anomalies is presented. Congenital malformations of the female genital tract are common miscellaneous deviations from normal anatomy with health and reproductive consequences. Until now, three systems have been proposed for their categorization but all of them are associated with serious limitations. The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) and the European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESGE) have established a common Working Group, under the name CONUTA (CONgenital UTerine Anomalies), with the goal of developing a new updated classification system. A scientific committee (SC) has been appointed to run the project, looking also for consensus within the scientists working in the field. The new system is designed and developed based on (i) scientific research through critical review of current proposals and preparation of an initial proposal for discussion between the experts, (ii) consensus measurement among the experts through the use of the DELPHI procedure and (iii) consensus development by the SC, taking into account the results of the DELPHI procedure and the comments of the experts. Almost 90 participants took part in the process of development of the ESHRE/ESGE classification system, contributing with their structured answers and comments. The ESHRE/ESGE classification system is based on anatomy. Anomalies are classified into the following main classes, expressing uterine anatomical deviations deriving from the same embryological origin: U0, normal uterus; U1, dysmorphic uterus; U2, septate uterus; U3, bicorporeal uterus; U4, hemi-uterus; U5, aplastic uterus; U6, for still unclassified cases. Main classes have been divided into sub-classes expressing anatomical varieties with clinical significance. Cervical and vaginal anomalies are classified independently into sub-classes having clinical significance. The ESHRE/ESGE classification of female genital anomalies seems to fulfill the expectations and the needs of the experts in the field, but its clinical value needs to be proved in everyday practice. The ESHRE/ESGE classification system of female genital anomalies could be used as a starting point for the development of guidelines for their diagnosis and treatment. None.

Classification schemes for knowledge translation interventions: a practical resource for researchers.

PubMed

Slaughter, Susan E; Zimmermann, Gabrielle L; Nuspl, Megan; Hanson, Heather M; Albrecht, Lauren; Esmail, Rosmin; Sauro, Khara; Newton, Amanda S; Donald, Maoliosa; Dyson, Michele P; Thomson, Denise; Hartling, Lisa

2017-12-06

As implementation science advances, the number of interventions to promote the translation of evidence into healthcare, health systems, or health policy is growing. Accordingly, classification schemes for these knowledge translation (KT) interventions have emerged. A recent scoping review identified 51 classification schemes of KT interventions to integrate evidence into healthcare practice; however, the review did not evaluate the quality of the classification schemes or provide detailed information to assist researchers in selecting a scheme for their context and purpose. This study aimed to further examine and assess the quality of these classification schemes of KT interventions, and provide information to aid researchers when selecting a classification scheme. We abstracted the following information from each of the original 51 classification scheme articles: authors' objectives; purpose of the scheme and field of application; socioecologic level (individual, organizational, community, system); adaptability (broad versus specific); target group (patients, providers, policy-makers), intent (policy, education, practice), and purpose (dissemination versus implementation). Two reviewers independently evaluated the methodological quality of the development of each classification scheme using an adapted version of the AGREE II tool. Based on these assessments, two independent reviewers reached consensus about whether to recommend each scheme for researcher use, or not. Of the 51 original classification schemes, we excluded seven that were not specific classification schemes, not accessible or duplicates. Of the remaining 44 classification schemes, nine were not recommended. Of the 35 recommended classification schemes, ten focused on behaviour change and six focused on population health. Many schemes (n = 29) addressed practice considerations. Fewer schemes addressed educational or policy objectives. Twenty-five classification schemes had broad applicability, six were specific, and four had elements of both. Twenty-three schemes targeted health providers, nine targeted both patients and providers and one targeted policy-makers. Most classification schemes were intended for implementation rather than dissemination. Thirty-five classification schemes of KT interventions were developed and reported with sufficient rigour to be recommended for use by researchers interested in KT in healthcare. Our additional categorization and quality analysis will aid in selecting suitable classification schemes for research initiatives in the field of implementation science.

Suggestions for Lymph Node Classification of UICC/AJCC Staging System: A Retrospective Study Based on 1197 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Treated With Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy

PubMed Central

Guo, Qiaojuan; Pan, Jianji; Zong, Jingfeng; Zheng, Wei; Zhang, Chun; Tang, Linbo; Chen, Bijuan; Cui, Xiaofei; Xiao, Youping; Chen, Yunbin; Lin, Shaojun

2015-01-01

Abstract This article provides suggestions for N classification of Union for International Cancer Control/American Joint Committee on Cancer (UICC/AJCC) staging system of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), purely based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) era. A total of 1197 nonmetastatic NPC patients treated with IMRT were enrolled, and all were scanned by MRI at nasopharynx and neck before treatment. MRI-based nodal variables including level, laterality, maximal axial diameter (MAD), extracapsular spread (ECS), and necrosis were analyzed as potential prognostic factors. Modifications of N classification were then proposed and verified. Only nodal level and laterality were considered to be significant variables affecting the treatment outcome. N classification was thus proposed accordingly: N0, no regional lymph node (LN) metastasis; N1, retropharyngeal LNs involvement (regardless of laterality), and/or unilateral levels I, II, III, and/or Va involvement; N2, bilateral levels I, II, III, and/or Va involvement; and N3, levels IV, Vb, and Vc involvement. This proposal showed significant predicting value in multivariate analysis. N3 patients indicated relatively inferior overall survival (OS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) than N2 patients; however, the difference showed no statistical significance (P = 0.673 and 0.265 for OS and DMFS, respectively), and this was considered to be correlated with the small sample sizes of N3 patients (79 patients, 6.6%). Nodal level and laterality, but not MAD, ECS, and necrosis, were considered to be significant predicting factors for NPC. The proposed N classification was proved to be powerfully predictive in our cohort; however, treatment outcome of the proposed N2 and N3 patients could not differ significantly from each other. This insignificance may be because of the small sample sizes of N3 patients. Our results are based on a single-center data, to develop a new N classification that is universally acceptable; further verification by data from multicenter is warranted. PMID:25997052

Fully Convolutional Networks for Ground Classification from LIDAR Point Clouds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rizaldy, A.; Persello, C.; Gevaert, C. M.; Oude Elberink, S. J.

2018-05-01

Deep Learning has been massively used for image classification in recent years. The use of deep learning for ground classification from LIDAR point clouds has also been recently studied. However, point clouds need to be converted into an image in order to use Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). In state-of-the-art techniques, this conversion is slow because each point is converted into a separate image. This approach leads to highly redundant computation during conversion and classification. The goal of this study is to design a more efficient data conversion and ground classification. This goal is achieved by first converting the whole point cloud into a single image. The classification is then performed by a Fully Convolutional Network (FCN), a modified version of CNN designed for pixel-wise image classification. The proposed method is significantly faster than state-of-the-art techniques. On the ISPRS Filter Test dataset, it is 78 times faster for conversion and 16 times faster for classification. Our experimental analysis on the same dataset shows that the proposed method results in 5.22 % of total error, 4.10 % of type I error, and 15.07 % of type II error. Compared to the previous CNN-based technique and LAStools software, the proposed method reduces the total error and type I error (while type II error is slightly higher). The method was also tested on a very high point density LIDAR point clouds resulting in 4.02 % of total error, 2.15 % of type I error and 6.14 % of type II error.

High-resolution manometry classifications for idiopathic achalasia in patients with Chagas' disease esophagopathy.

PubMed

Vicentine, Fernando P P; Herbella, Fernando A M; Allaix, Marco E; Silva, Luciana C; Patti, Marco G

2014-02-01

Idiopathic achalasia (IA) and Chagas' disease esophagopathy (CDE) share several similarities. The comparison between IA and CDE is important to evaluate whether treatment options and their results can be accepted universally. High-resolution manometry (HRM) has proved a better diagnostic tool compared to conventional manometry. This study aims to evaluate HRM classifications for idiopathic achalasia in patients with CDE. We studied 98 patients: 52 patients with CDE (52 % females, mean age, 57 ± 14 years) and 46 patients with IA (54 % females; mean age 48 ± 19 years). All patients underwent a HRM and barium esophagogram. The Chicago classification was distributed in IA as Chicago I, 35 %; Chicago II, 63 %; and Chicago III, 2 %, and in CDE as Chicago I, 52 %; Chicago II, 48 %; and Chicago III, 0 % (p = 0.1, 0.1, and 0.5, respectively). All patients had the classic Rochester type. CDE patients had more pronounced degrees of esophageal dilatation (p < 0.002). The degree of esophageal dilatation did not correlate with Chicago classification (p = 0.08). In nine (9 %) patients, the HRM pattern changed during the test from Chicago I to II. Our results show that (a) HRM classifications for IA can be applied in patients with CDE and (b) HRM classifications did not correlate with the degree of esophageal dilatation. HRM classifications may reflect esophageal repletion and pressurization instead of muscular contraction. The correlation between manometric findings and treatment outcomes for CDE needs to be answered in the near future.

PPS GPS: What Is It? And How Do I Get It

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-06-01

Positioning Service, Selective Availabilit B.PRICE CODIE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION II. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20...the TEC Water Detection Response Team which operates in remote areas of the world. These activities, require the GPS receiver to be capable of removing

40 CFR 52.621 - Classification of regions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Hawaii § 52.621 Classification of regions. The Hawaii plan was evaluated on the basis of the following classifications: Air quality control region... (hydrocarbons) State of Hawaii II III III III III [37 FR 10860, May 31, 1972] ...

19 CFR 177.2 - Submission of ruling requests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... indicated, if known. Requests for tariff classification rulings should be addressed to the Director.... Customs and Border Protection, New York, New York, 10119, Attn: Classification Ruling Requests, New York... relevant customs and related laws. (ii) Tariff classification rulings. (A) If the transaction involves the...

19 CFR 177.2 - Submission of ruling requests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... indicated, if known. Requests for tariff classification rulings should be addressed to the Director.... Customs and Border Protection, New York, New York, 10119, Attn: Classification Ruling Requests, New York... relevant customs and related laws. (ii) Tariff classification rulings. (A) If the transaction involves the...

A Comparative Observational Study of YSO Classification in Four Small Star-forming H ii Regions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kang, Sung-Ju; Choi, Minho; Kang, Miju

We have developed a new young stellar object (YSO) identification and classification technique using mid-infrared Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) data. We compare this new technique with previous WISE YSO detection and classification methods that used either infrared colors or spectral energy distribution slopes. In this study, we also use the new technique to detect and examine the YSO population associated with four small H ii regions: KR 7, KR 81, KR 120, and KR 140. The relatively simple structure of these regions allows us to effectively use both spatial and temporal constraints to identify YSOs that are potential productsmore » of triggered star formation. We are also able to identify regions of active star formation around these H ii regions that are clearly not influenced by the H ii region expansion, and thus demonstrate that star formation is on-going on megayear timescales in some of these molecular clouds.« less

Advances in variable selection methods II: Effect of variable selection method on classification of hydrologically similar watersheds in three Mid-Atlantic ecoregions

EPA Science Inventory

Hydrological flow predictions in ungauged and sparsely gauged watersheds use regionalization or classification of hydrologically similar watersheds to develop empirical relationships between hydrologic, climatic, and watershed variables. The watershed classifications may be based...

Thematic accuracy of the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001 land cover for Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Selkowitz, D.J.; Stehman, S.V.

2011-01-01

The National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001 Alaska land cover classification is the first 30-m resolution land cover product available covering the entire state of Alaska. The accuracy assessment of the NLCD 2001 Alaska land cover classification employed a geographically stratified three-stage sampling design to select the reference sample of pixels. Reference land cover class labels were determined via fixed wing aircraft, as the high resolution imagery used for determining the reference land cover classification in the conterminous U.S. was not available for most of Alaska. Overall thematic accuracy for the Alaska NLCD was 76.2% (s.e. 2.8%) at Level II (12 classes evaluated) and 83.9% (s.e. 2.1%) at Level I (6 classes evaluated) when agreement was defined as a match between the map class and either the primary or alternate reference class label. When agreement was defined as a match between the map class and primary reference label only, overall accuracy was 59.4% at Level II and 69.3% at Level I. The majority of classification errors occurred at Level I of the classification hierarchy (i.e., misclassifications were generally to a different Level I class, not to a Level II class within the same Level I class). Classification accuracy was higher for more abundant land cover classes and for pixels located in the interior of homogeneous land cover patches. ?? 2011.

Correlation of the New York Heart Association Classification and the 6-Minute Walk Distance: A Systematic Review.

PubMed

Yap, Jonathan; Lim, Fang Yi; Gao, Fei; Teo, Ling Li; Lam, Carolyn Su Ping; Yeo, Khung Keong

2015-10-01

Functional status assessment is the cornerstone of heart failure management and trials. The New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) are commonly used tools; however, the correlation between them is not well understood. We hypothesised that the relationship between the NYHA classification and 6MWD might vary across studies. A systematic literature search was performed to identify all studies reporting both NYHA class and 6MWD. Two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility and extracted data. Thirty-seven studies involving 5678 patients were included. There was significant heterogeneity across studies in 6MWD within all NYHA classes: I (n = 16, Q = 934.2; P < 0.001), II (n = 25, Q = 1658.3; P < 0.001), III (n = 30, Q = 1020.1; P < 0.001), and IV (n = 6, Q = 335.5; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in average 6MWD between NYHA I and II (420 m vs 393 m; P = 0.416). There was a significant difference in average 6MWD between NYHA II and III (393 m vs 321 m; P = 0.014) and III and IV (321 m vs 224 m; P = 0.027). This remained significant after adjusting for region of study, age, and sex. Although there is an inverse correlation between NYHA II-IV and 6MWD, there is significant heterogeneity across studies in 6MWD within each NYHA class and overlap in 6MWD between NYHA I and II. The NYHA classification performs well in more symptomatic patients (NYHA III/IV) but less so in asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic patients (NYHA I/II). Nonetheless, the NYHA classification is an easily applied first-line tool in everyday clinical practice, but its potential subjectivity should be considered when performing comparisons across studies. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Research on treatment of wastewater containing heavy metal by microbial fuel cell

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Zixuan; Lu, Xun; Yin, Ruixia; Luo, Yunyi; Mai, Hanjian; Zhang, Nan; Xiong, Jingfang; Zhang, Hongguo; Tang, Jinfeng; Luo, Dinggui

2018-02-01

With rapid development of social economy, serious problem has been caused by wastewater containing heavy metals, which was difficult to be treated by many kinds of traditional treatment methods, such as complex processes, high cost or easy to cause secondary pollution. As a novel biological treatment technology, microbial fuel cells (MFC) can generate electric energy while dealing with wastewater, which was proposed and extensively studied. This paper introduced the working principle of MFC, the classification of cathode, and the research progress on the treatment of wastewater containing Cr(VI), Cu(II), Ag(I), Mn(II) and Cd(II) by MFC. The study found that different cathode, different heavy metals anddifferent hybrid systems would affect the performance of the system and removal effect for heavy metal in MFC. MFC was a highly potential pollution control technology. Until now, the research was still in the laboratory stage. Its industrial application for recovery of heavy metal ion, improving the energy recovery rate and improvement or innovation of system were worthy of further research.

Dynamic Response of Reinforced Soil Systems. Volume 1. Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-03-01

include Security Clas~sification) DYNAMIC RWSPC!SE OF REIFý1Cý SOIL SYSTEM~, VCTJI4E I OF II: PREPO~r 󈧐. PERSONAL AUTHOR($) BMW3U, R.C.; FRAWASZY...protected by a burster slab. These protection measures are costly, time consuming to construct, and sensitive to multiple strikes. Soil has been used to...characterize the static load-deflection behavior of the reinforced soil. Dynamic pullout tests were then performed using the same parameters as the static

Information Management for an Automated Battlefield Command and Control System

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-05-01

DD) I u FJ i EDITION OF" I NOV 65, IS OSSOLIETIES"-- iUnclassified1SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered) t// II. Unclassified...DIRELIOk oý INSTIhJTIONAL RSCH I USA AIP DEFENSE SCHOUL ATTN: AISA -CU)-MS I iJSAADS-LIBRARY-OUCUMLNTS) I USA AIW DEFENSE ZL~N HDAU IN: fILLS

Final Tactical Decision Aid (FTDA) for Infrared (8-12 Micrometers) Systems - Manual Version. Volume II. Appendix A. Atmospheric Transmission Tables,

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-09-15

OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Date Efntee -- - -- I I New SSD-T-8-6061-007 (1I)-82 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. A Brief...possible transformation of airmasses with a continntal origin so that their aerosol asames the extinction properties of a maritime aerosol. Figure A-IB

Method of center localization for objects containing concentric arcs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuznetsova, Elena G.; Shvets, Evgeny A.; Nikolaev, Dmitry P.

2015-02-01

This paper proposes a method for automatic center location of objects containing concentric arcs. The method utilizes structure tensor analysis and voting scheme optimized with Fast Hough Transform. Two applications of the proposed method are considered: (i) wheel tracking in video-based system for automatic vehicle classification and (ii) tree growth rings analysis on a tree cross cut image.

Feasibility and Reliability of the Modified Berg Balance Scale in Persons with Severe Intellectual and Visual Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waninge, A.; van Wijck, R.; Steenbergen, B.; van der Schans, C. P.

2011-01-01

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and reliability of the modified Berg Balance Scale (mBBS) in persons with severe intellectual and visual disabilities (severe multiple disabilities, SMD) assigned Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) grades I and II. Method: Thirty-nine participants with SMD and…

Acoustic Scattering Classification of Zooplankton and Microstructure

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-09-30

the scattering in different areas. In some cases, siphonophores dominated the scattering; in other cases, euphausiids were the dominant scatterers...juvenile form of siphonophores ) through the use of BIOMAPER-II acoustics and video systems. Because of their fragility, these organisms are...scattering strength, total biomass, siphonophore abundance, and water temperature, throughout the water column in a one-hour section of a transect

Military Interoperable Digital Hospital Testbed (MIDHT) Phase II

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-07-01

personal health records has been limited, resulting in a small sample size to date. Additional providers and a new disease condition ( gestational diabetes ...Syndrome Picture Archive and Communications System User Satisfaction Gestational Diabetes 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17...Consumer Informatics in the Chronic Care Model: Metabolic Syndrome and Gestational Diabetes in a Rural Setting. This arm focuses on finding innovative

Postoperative complications of contemporary open and robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy using standardized reporting systems.

PubMed

Pompe, Raisa S; Beyer, Burkhard; Haese, Alexander; Preisser, Felix; Michl, Uwe; Steuber, Thomas; Graefen, Markus; Huland, Hartwig; Karakiewicz, Pierre I; Tilki, Derya

2018-05-04

To analyze time trends and contemporary rates of postoperative complications after RP and to compare the complication profile of ORP and RALP using standardized reporting systems. Retrospective analysis of 13,924 RP patients in a single institution (2005 to 2015). Complications were collected during hospital stay and via standardized questionnaire 3 months after and grouped into eight schemes. Since 2013, the revised Clavien-Dindo classification was used (n = 4,379). Annual incidence rates of different complications were graphically displayed. Multivariable logistic regression analyses compared complications between ORP and RALP after inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). After introduction of standardized classification systems, complication rates have increased with a contemporary rate of 20.6% (2013 - 2015). While minor Clavien-Dindo grades represented the majority (I: 10.6%; II: 7.9%), severe complications (grades IV-V) were rare (<1%). In logistic regression analyses after IPTW, RALP was associated with less blood loss, shorter catheterization time and lower risk for Clavien-Dindo grade II and III complications. Our results emphasize the importance of standardized reporting systems for quality control and comparison across approaches or institutions. Contemporary complication rates in a high volume center remain low and are most frequently minor Clavien-Dindo grades. RALP had a slightly better complication profile compared to ORP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Corps of Engineers Hydraulic Design Criteria. Volume I

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-01-01

DESIGN CRITERIA CLASSIFICATION INDEX S000-GENERAL 000 Physical Constants 001 Fluid Properties 010 Open Channel Flow 020 Free Overflow 030 Pressure Flow...Dissipation 113 Erosion below Spillways 120 Chute Spillways 121 Approach Channel 122 Ogee Crests 123 Spillay Chutes S ii124 Spillway Stilling Basins 125...Spillvay Exit Channel Revised 5-59 .. . j1.I.i edCORPS OF ENGINEERS HYDRAULIC DESIGN CRITERIA CLASSIFICATION INDEX (Continued) %. IO0-SPILLWAYS

TFOS DEWS II Definition and Classification Report.

PubMed

Craig, Jennifer P; Nichols, Kelly K; Akpek, Esen K; Caffery, Barbara; Dua, Harminder S; Joo, Choun-Ki; Liu, Zuguo; Nelson, J Daniel; Nichols, Jason J; Tsubota, Kazuo; Stapleton, Fiona

2017-07-01

The goals of the TFOS DEWS II Definition and Classification Subcommittee were to create an evidence-based definition and a contemporary classification system for dry eye disease (DED). The new definition recognizes the multifactorial nature of dry eye as a disease where loss of homeostasis of the tear film is the central pathophysiological concept. Ocular symptoms, as a broader term that encompasses reports of discomfort or visual disturbance, feature in the definition and the key etiologies of tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, and ocular surface inflammation and damage were determined to be important for inclusion in the definition. In the light of new data, neurosensory abnormalities were also included in the definition for the first time. In the classification of DED, recent evidence supports a scheme based on the pathophysiology where aqueous deficient and evaporative dry eye exist as a continuum, such that elements of each are considered in diagnosis and management. Central to the scheme is a positive diagnosis of DED with signs and symptoms, and this is directed towards management to restore homeostasis. The scheme also allows consideration of various related manifestations, such as non-obvious disease involving ocular surface signs without related symptoms, including neurotrophic conditions where dysfunctional sensation exists, and cases where symptoms exist without demonstrable ocular surface signs, including neuropathic pain. This approach is not intended to override clinical assessment and judgment but should prove helpful in guiding clinical management and research. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 52.1971 - Classification of regions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Oregon § 52.1971 Classification of regions. The Oregon plan was evaluated on the basis of the following classifications: Air quality control... Interstate I IA III I I Southwest Oregon Intrastate II III III III III Northwest Oregon Intrastate III III...

40 CFR 52.1971 - Classification of regions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Oregon § 52.1971 Classification of regions. The Oregon plan was evaluated on the basis of the following classifications: Air quality control... Interstate I IA III I I Southwest Oregon Intrastate II III III III III Northwest Oregon Intrastate III III...

40 CFR 52.221 - Classification of regions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS California § 52.221 Classification of regions. The California plan was evaluated on the basis of the following classifications: Air quality control... III III III Southeast Desert Intrastate I III III III I San Diego Intrastate II III III I I Lake...

40 CFR 52.221 - Classification of regions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS California § 52.221 Classification of regions. The California plan was evaluated on the basis of the following classifications: Air quality control... III III III Southeast Desert Intrastate I III III III I San Diego Intrastate II III III I I Lake...

40 CFR 52.221 - Classification of regions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS California § 52.221 Classification of regions. The California plan was evaluated on the basis of the following classifications: Air quality control... III III III Southeast Desert Intrastate I III III III I San Diego Intrastate II III III I I Lake...

Asiago spectroscopic classification of 5 ASASSN SNe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tomasella, L.; Benetti, S.; Cappellaro, E.; Turatto, M.

2018-04-01

The Asiago Transient Classification Program (Tomasella et al. 2014, AN, 335, 841) reports the spectroscopic classification of ASASSN-18ii,ASASSN-18it, ASASSN-18iv, ASASN-18iw, ASASSN-18iu discovered during the ongoing All Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN, Shappee et al. 2014) (Atel #11178).

Spectroscopic Classifications of AT2017fqf as SN Ia and AT2017fqk as SN II

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tartaglia, Leonardo; Valenti, Stefano; Bostroem, K. Azalee; Yang, Sheng; Hosseinzadeh, G.

2017-07-01

We report the following classifications of optical transients from spectroscopic observations with the Kast spectrograph on the Shane telescope. All observations were made on 2017 July 27 UT. Classifications were performed with SNID (Blondin & Tonry, 2007, ApJ, 666, 1024).

[Study on the correlation between syndrome differ classification of knee osteoarthritis and X-ray image].

PubMed

Jin, Li-Kun; Zhang, Guo-Zhong; Tang, Ke; Liu, Yang

2010-12-01

To study the correlation between syndrome differ classification of knee osteoarthritis and X-ray image, so as to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. From Jun. 2007 to Dec. 2007, 78 patients (108 knees) with knee osteoarthritis were reviewed, including 65 females (89 knees) and 13 males (19 knees), ranging in age from 41 to 77 years. According to the standards for the differentiation of syndrome in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis defined in Principle of Clinical Research for New Traditional Herbs, the patients were divided into three types: Type I, insufficiency of the liver and kidney, with stagnation of tendons and muscles, 43 knees; Type II, insufficiency of the spleen and kidney, with dampness infusion into bone and joints, 26 knees; Type I, deficiency of the liver and kidney, with inter-obstruction of phlegm and stasis 39 knees. Normotopia and lateral plain film of knee joint of weigh loading and in erect position, and patellofemoral Skyline plain flim was taken. Joint space narrow, osteophyte generation, subchondral osteosclerosis and subchondral cystic degeneration were evaluated. All data were analyzed by K independent samples nonparametric test in order to find out the correlation between syndrome differ classification of knee osteoarthritis and X-ray image. It was shown that after K independent samples nonparametric test about syndrome differ classification of knee osteoarthritis and X-ray image: there were significant differences among three types about lateral patella osteophyte, condyles of tibia osteophyte and Type II was the most serious, Type I was secondary, Type II was the lightest. Other index had no obvious difference among the three groups. There is certain correlation between syndrome differ classification of knee osteoarthritis and X-ray image. There are significant differences among three types about lateral patella osteophyte, condyles of tibia osteophyte, the Type II is the most serious,Type I is secondary, Type II is the lightest. Consequently, it can be deduced that worse osteophyte is one of accordances of Type II-insufficiency of the spleen and kidney, with dampness infusion into bone and joints. And, the Type II is more serious stage in radiologic manifestation.

Experiences with the DSM-III in a psychiatric consultation/liaison service.

PubMed

Larsen, F

1986-01-01

375 patients referred to consultation/liaison service at a general hospital from the neurological and internal medical department were diagnosed according to the DSM-III criteria for axis I and II. The sample represents all the patients referred from the two departments in a two year period. The phenomenological approach of the DSM-III and its reliability, is an advantage over older classification systems in the psychiatric consultation/liaison work. The system was easily applicable in this setting, leaving only 4 percent with "Diagnoses deferred" on both axes. From the consultation/liaison psychiatrist's point of view, special problems seemed to exist concerning the categories "Somatoform disorders" and "Psychological factors affecting physical condition", and the concepts of the axis II.

Computer-aided diagnosis of pulmonary diseases using x-ray darkfield radiography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Einarsdóttir, Hildur; Yaroshenko, Andre; Velroyen, Astrid; Bech, Martin; Hellbach, Katharina; Auweter, Sigrid; Yildirim, Önder; Meinel, Felix G.; Eickelberg, Oliver; Reiser, Maximilian; Larsen, Rasmus; Kjær Ersbøll, Bjarne; Pfeiffer, Franz

2015-12-01

In this work we develop a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme for classification of pulmonary disease for grating-based x-ray radiography. In addition to conventional transmission radiography, the grating-based technique provides a dark-field imaging modality, which utilizes the scattering properties of the x-rays. This modality has shown great potential for diagnosing early stage emphysema and fibrosis in mouse lungs in vivo. The CAD scheme is developed to assist radiologists and other medical experts to develop new diagnostic methods when evaluating grating-based images. The scheme consists of three stages: (i) automatic lung segmentation; (ii) feature extraction from lung shape and dark-field image intensities; (iii) classification between healthy, emphysema and fibrosis lungs. A study of 102 mice was conducted with 34 healthy, 52 emphysema and 16 fibrosis subjects. Each image was manually annotated to build an experimental dataset. System performance was assessed by: (i) determining the quality of the segmentations; (ii) validating emphysema and fibrosis recognition by a linear support vector machine using leave-one-out cross-validation. In terms of segmentation quality, we obtained an overlap percentage (Ω) 92.63  ±  3.65%, Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) 89.74  ±  8.84% and Jaccard Similarity Coefficient 82.39  ±  12.62%. For classification, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of diseased lung recognition was 100%. Classification between emphysema and fibrosis resulted in an accuracy of 93%, whilst the sensitivity was 94% and specificity 88%. In addition to the automatic classification of lungs, deviation maps created by the CAD scheme provide a visual aid for medical experts to further assess the severity of pulmonary disease in the lung, and highlights regions affected.

Deep mural injury and perforation after colonic endoscopic mucosal resection: a new classification and analysis of risk factors.

PubMed

Burgess, Nicholas G; Bassan, Milan S; McLeod, Duncan; Williams, Stephen J; Byth, Karen; Bourke, Michael J

2017-10-01

Perforation is the most serious complication associated with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). We propose a new classification for the appearance and integrity of the muscularis propria (MP) after EMR including various extents of deep mural injury (DMI). Risk factors for these injuries were analysed. Endoscopic images and histological specimens of consecutive patients undergoing EMR of colonic laterally spreading lesions ≥20 mm at a large Australian tertiary referral endoscopy unit were retrospectively analysed using our new DMI classification system. DMI was graded according to MP injury (I/II intact MP without/with fibrosis, III target sign, IV/V obvious transmural perforation without/with contamination). Histological specimens were examined for included MP and patient outcomes were recorded. All type III-V DMI signs were clipped if possible, types I and II DMI were clipped at the endoscopists' discretion. EMR was performed in 911 lesions (mean size 37 mm) in 802 patients (male sex 51.4%, mean age 67 years). DMI signs were identified in 83 patients (10.3%). Type III-V DMI was identified in 24 patients (3.0%); clipping was successfully performed in all patients. A clinically significant perforation occurred in two patients (0.2%). Only one of the 59 type I/II cases experienced a delayed perforation. 85.5% of patients with DMI were discharged on the same day, all without sequelae. On multivariable analysis, type III-V DMI was associated with transverse colon location (OR 3.55, p=0.028), en bloc resection (OR 3.84, p=0.005) and high-grade dysplasia or submucosal invasive cancer (OR 2.97, p 0.014). In this retrospective analysis, use of the new classification and management with clips appeared to be a safe approach. Advanced DMI types (III-V) occurred in 3.0% of patients and were associated with identifiable risk factors. Further prospective clinical studies should use this new classification. NCT01368289; results. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Rule-guided human classification of Volunteered Geographic Information

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ali, Ahmed Loai; Falomir, Zoe; Schmid, Falko; Freksa, Christian

2017-05-01

During the last decade, web technologies and location sensing devices have evolved generating a form of crowdsourcing known as Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI). VGI acted as a platform of spatial data collection, in particular, when a group of public participants are involved in collaborative mapping activities: they work together to collect, share, and use information about geographic features. VGI exploits participants' local knowledge to produce rich data sources. However, the resulting data inherits problematic data classification. In VGI projects, the challenges of data classification are due to the following: (i) data is likely prone to subjective classification, (ii) remote contributions and flexible contribution mechanisms in most projects, and (iii) the uncertainty of spatial data and non-strict definitions of geographic features. These factors lead to various forms of problematic classification: inconsistent, incomplete, and imprecise data classification. This research addresses classification appropriateness. Whether the classification of an entity is appropriate or inappropriate is related to quantitative and/or qualitative observations. Small differences between observations may be not recognizable particularly for non-expert participants. Hence, in this paper, the problem is tackled by developing a rule-guided classification approach. This approach exploits data mining techniques of Association Classification (AC) to extract descriptive (qualitative) rules of specific geographic features. The rules are extracted based on the investigation of qualitative topological relations between target features and their context. Afterwards, the extracted rules are used to develop a recommendation system able to guide participants to the most appropriate classification. The approach proposes two scenarios to guide participants towards enhancing the quality of data classification. An empirical study is conducted to investigate the classification of grass-related features like forest, garden, park, and meadow. The findings of this study indicate the feasibility of the proposed approach.

[To represent needs of nursing care using nursing diagnoses: potentials and restrictions of the NANDA classification and ICNP].

PubMed

Schilder, Michael

2005-03-01

Nursing diagnoses represent individual reactions to existing or potential changes in one's state of health. They are result of a diagnostic process, which is part of the dynamic nursing care process in its whole. Thus, as a basis of nursing interventions diagnoses have to be proved continuously. The classification of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) as well as the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP) can be account to the international well-known classifications of nursing diagnoses. Comparing their structures, some fundamental differences between both classifications become obvious. While the NANDA classification represents a systematic structured body of nursing knowledge with regard to human health reactions patterns, the ICNP reflects a more comprehensive part of the nursing reality, since it also contains nursing interventions and outcomes. Until the latest changes by establishing the taxonomy II, NANDA diagnoses have primarily focused deficits. But in contrast to the diagnoses of the ICNP they also comprise etiological factors. To prove the applicability of both classifications to nursing practice, they have been applied to a case study of a female resident living in a nursing home. The results of analysis show that because of their different structures the NANDA classification and ICNP have their own possibilities and limitations in covering the resident's individual needs of nursing care. These characteristic potentials and restrictions have to be taken into account when one of the classification systems is going to be implemented into nursing practice.

A Digital Simulation Model of Message Handling in the Tactical Operations System. 1. The Model, Its Sensitivity and User’s Manual

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-10-01

Operations System : I19 i The Model, its Sensitivity, and User’s Manuel e’ by Arthur 1. Siegel, J. Jay Wolf, iiG and William R. Leahy SWAYNE, PENNSYLVANIA...Department of the Army position, unless so designated by other authorized documents. A t• i SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (WThen Data Entered...OPERATIONS SYSTEM I. ITS SENSITIV- _ ITY N6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTHOR(&) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBE,(C S thur I.Siegal, J. Jay

48 CFR 52.222-6 - Davis-Bacon Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... defined in paragraph (a)(1)(i), or the “secondary site of the work” as defined in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of... the classification of work actually performed, without regard to skill, except as provided in the... classification may be compensated at the rate specified for each classification for the time actually worked...

48 CFR 52.222-6 - Davis-Bacon Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... defined in paragraph (a)(1)(i), or the “secondary site of the work” as defined in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of... the classification of work actually performed, without regard to skill, except as provided in the... classification may be compensated at the rate specified for each classification for the time actually worked...

Monte Carlo Bayesian System Reliability and MTBF-Confidence Assessment, II. Volume 2. SPARCS-2 Users Manual

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-03-01

1977 Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. AIR FORCE FLIGHT DYNAMICS LABORATORY AIR FORCE WRIGHT AERONAUTICAL LABORATORIES AIR FORCE...SYSTEMS COMMAND WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE, OHIO 45433 NOTI CE When Gove~inme~nt d’tawi~ngz, .6pe~c4Lcatiton, ct o-theAi da~ta cute -6e~d Joit any... AIR FORCE/56780/6 June 1978 -450 Unclassified SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE ("hen Date ýntered) READ INSTRUCTIONSREPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE

Care ideologies reflected in 4 conceptions of pharmaceutical care.

PubMed

Björkman, Ingeborg K; Bernsten, Cecilia B; Sanner, Margareta A

2008-12-01

Different ways to practice pharmaceutical care have been developed. One expression of this fact is the existence of many different classification systems to document drug-related problems (DRPs). Evidence suggests that classification systems have different characteristics and that these characteristics reflect different conceptions of pharmaceutical care. To increase the understanding of conceptions of pharmaceutical care, underlying values and beliefs (ideologies) can be explored. To explore various conceptions of pharmaceutical care to identify the care ideologies on which these conceptions are based. Representatives of 4 selected conceptions of pharmaceutical care were interviewed in face-to-face meetings. During the interviews, 4 basic questions were asked. Three were focused on pharmaceutical care and 1 on DRPs. Interview transcripts were analyzed by an inductive method inspired by grounded theory. The conceptions studied were Strand, Granada-II, PCNE v5.0, and Apoteket. In Strand, patients are given a more active role in the pharmaceutical care process, as compared to Granada-II, PCNE v5.0, and Apoteket. Pharmacists in all the conceptions of pharmaceutical care assume they have special knowledge that patients benefit from. However, they use their knowledge in different ways in the various pharmaceutical care conceptions. In Strand, individual goals of drug therapy are established together with the patient, whereas in Granada-II, PCNE, and Apoteket goals are not explicitly discussed. The identified differences correspond to different care ideologies. The pharmaceutical care conceptions are based on different care ideologies. The ideology is expressed in how therapy goals are set and patient needs defined. Strand is based on a patient-centered ideology; patient therapy goals and needs are defined by the patient together with the practitioners. Granada-II, PCNE, and Apoteket are based on an evidence-based medicine approach; patient therapy goals and needs are defined by the practitioners, based on available scientific knowledge.

The ESHRE/ESGE consensus on the classification of female genital tract congenital anomalies†,‡

PubMed Central

Grimbizis, Grigoris F.; Gordts, Stephan; Di Spiezio Sardo, Attilio; Brucker, Sara; De Angelis, Carlo; Gergolet, Marco; Li, Tin-Chiu; Tanos, Vasilios; Brölmann, Hans; Gianaroli, Luca; Campo, Rudi

2013-01-01

STUDY QUESTION What classification system is more suitable for the accurate, clear, simple and related to the clinical management categorization of female genital anomalies? SUMMARY ANSWER The new ESHRE/ESGE classification system of female genital anomalies is presented. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Congenital malformations of the female genital tract are common miscellaneous deviations from normal anatomy with health and reproductive consequences. Until now, three systems have been proposed for their categorization but all of them are associated with serious limitations. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE AND DURATION The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) and the European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESGE) have established a common Working Group, under the name CONUTA (CONgenital UTerine Anomalies), with the goal of developing a new updated classification system. A scientific committee (SC) has been appointed to run the project, looking also for consensus within the scientists working in the field. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The new system is designed and developed based on (i) scientific research through critical review of current proposals and preparation of an initial proposal for discussion between the experts, (ii) consensus measurement among the experts through the use of the DELPHI procedure and (iii) consensus development by the SC, taking into account the results of the DELPHI procedure and the comments of the experts. Almost 90 participants took part in the process of development of the ESHRE/ESGE classification system, contributing with their structured answers and comments. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The ESHRE/ESGE classification system is based on anatomy. Anomalies are classified into the following main classes, expressing uterine anatomical deviations deriving from the same embryological origin: U0, normal uterus; U1, dysmorphic uterus; U2, septate uterus; U3, bicorporeal uterus; U4, hemi-uterus; U5, aplastic uterus; U6, for still unclassified cases. Main classes have been divided into sub-classes expressing anatomical varieties with clinical significance. Cervical and vaginal anomalies are classified independently into sub-classes having clinical significance. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The ESHRE/ESGE classification of female genital anomalies seems to fulfill the expectations and the needs of the experts in the field, but its clinical value needs to be proved in everyday practice. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The ESHRE/ESGE classification system of female genital anomalies could be used as a starting point for the development of guidelines for their diagnosis and treatment. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) None. PMID:23771171

Cognitive context detection in UAS operators using eye-gaze patterns on computer screens

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mannaru, Pujitha; Balasingam, Balakumar; Pattipati, Krishna; Sibley, Ciara; Coyne, Joseph

2016-05-01

In this paper, we demonstrate the use of eye-gaze metrics of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) operators as effective indices of their cognitive workload. Our analyses are based on an experiment where twenty participants performed pre-scripted UAS missions of three different difficulty levels by interacting with two custom designed graphical user interfaces (GUIs) that are displayed side by side. First, we compute several eye-gaze metrics, traditional eye movement metrics as well as newly proposed ones, and analyze their effectiveness as cognitive classifiers. Most of the eye-gaze metrics are computed by dividing the computer screen into "cells". Then, we perform several analyses in order to select metrics for effective cognitive context classification related to our specific application; the objective of these analyses are to (i) identify appropriate ways to divide the screen into cells; (ii) select appropriate metrics for training and classification of cognitive features; and (iii) identify a suitable classification method.

Classification of oxidative stress based on its intensity

PubMed Central

Lushchak, Volodymyr I.

2014-01-01

In living organisms production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is counterbalanced by their elimination and/or prevention of formation which in concert can typically maintain a steady-state (stationary) ROS level. However, this balance may be disturbed and lead to elevated ROS levels called oxidative stress. To our best knowledge, there is no broadly acceptable system of classification of oxidative stress based on its intensity due to which proposed here system may be helpful for interpretation of experimental data. Oxidative stress field is the hot topic in biology and, to date, many details related to ROS-induced damage to cellular components, ROS-based signaling, cellular responses and adaptation have been disclosed. However, it is common situation when researchers experience substantial difficulties in the correct interpretation of oxidative stress development especially when there is a need to characterize its intensity. Careful selection of specific biomarkers (ROS-modified targets) and some system may be helpful here. A classification of oxidative stress based on its intensity is proposed here. According to this classification there are four zones of function in the relationship between “Dose/concentration of inducer” and the measured “Endpoint”: I – basal oxidative stress (BOS); II – low intensity oxidative stress (LOS); III – intermediate intensity oxidative stress (IOS); IV – high intensity oxidative stress (HOS). The proposed classification will be helpful to describe experimental data where oxidative stress is induced and systematize it based on its intensity, but further studies will be in need to clear discriminate between stress of different intensity. PMID:26417312

Comparative validity of MMPI-2 and MCMI-II personality disorder classifications.

PubMed

Wise, E A

1996-06-01

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) overlapping and nonoverlapping scales were demonstrated to perform comparably to their original MMPI forms. They were then evaluated for convergent and discriminant validity with the Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II) personality disorder scales. The MMPI-2 and MCMI-II personality disorder scales demonstrated convergent and discriminant coefficients similar to their original forms. However, the MMPI-2 personality scales classified significantly more of the sample as Dramatic, whereas the MCMI-II diagnosed more of the sample as Anxious. Furthermore, single-scale and 2-point code type classification rates were quite low, indicating that at the level of the individual, the personality disorder scales are not measuring comparable constructs. Hence, each instrument is providing similar and unique information, justifying their continued use together for the purpose of diagnosing personality disorders.

Relationships between Lower Limb Muscle Strength and Locomotor Capacity in Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy Who Walk Independently

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ferland, Chantale; Lepage, Celine; Moffet, Helene; Maltais, Desiree B.

2012-01-01

This study aimed to quantify relationships between lower limb muscle strength and locomotor capacity for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) to identify key muscle groups for strength training. Fifty 6- to 16-year-olds with CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System level I or II) participated. Isometric muscle strength of hip…

Outcome Assessments in Children with Cerebral Palsy, Part II: Discriminatory Ability of Outcome Tools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bagley, Anita M; Gorton, George; Oeffinger, Donna; Barnes, Douglas; Calmes, Janine; Nicholson, Diane; Damiano, Diane; Abel, Mark; Kryscio, Richard; Rogers, Sarah; Tylkowski, Chester

2007-01-01

Discriminatory ability of several pediatric outcome tools was assessed relative to Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level in patients with cerebral palsy. Five hundred and sixty-two patients (400 with diplegia, 162 with hemiplegia; 339 males, 223 females; age range 4-18y, mean 11y 1mo [SD 3y 7mo]), classified as GMFCS Levels I to…

Statistics of City School Systems, 1921-22. Bulletin, 1924, No. 34

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1925

1925-01-01

This report presents the statistics of public schools in cities for the school year 1921-1922. The bureau has followed the classification based upon population as reported by the Bureau of the Census in 1920. Group I includes all cities having a population of 100,000 or more; Group II includes cities having a population of 30,000 or more, but…

Changes in Mobility of Children with Cerebral Palsy over Time and across Environmental Settings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tieman, Beth L.; Palisano, Robert J.; Gracely, Edward J.; Rosenbaum, Peter L.; Chiarello, Lisa A.; O'Neil, Margaret E.

2004-01-01

This study examined changes in mobility methods of children with cerebral palsy (CP) over time and across environmental settings. Sixty-two children with CP, ages 6-14 years and classified as levels II-IV on the Gross Motor Function Classification System, were randomly selected from a larger data base and followed for three to four years. On each…

Enlisted MOS Suitable for the Physically Handicapped

DTIC Science & Technology

1958-12-01

highly motivated in a mobili- zation situation. The pr.mary reason for using this approach was the need for a standardized classification system which...the classification process. The solution was to consider all disabili- ties as "severe" and motivation to perform "good." Thus any individual disabled...MC+e0)H 4E-4)OOHe~~~ A A A P44 O0O)HCeHl H’d e (d *Hc.3d,4-4 HO) HQ .r4 to’- L 4 Xe 𔃺- H r4 Ps4 p) HO -i -i--I<-) rdr r d 90 P 4-- >< d0I - d a)0SoSS

Development and Reliability Testing of the FEDS System for Classifying Glenohumeral Instability

PubMed Central

Kuhn, John E.; Helmer, Tara T.; Dunn, Warren R.; Throckmorton V, Thomas W.

2010-01-01

Background Classification systems for glenohumeral instability (GHI) are opinion based, not validated, and poorly defined. This study is designed to methodologically develop and test a GHI classification system. Methods: Classification System Development A systematic literature review identified 18 systems for classifying GHI. The frequency characteristics used was recorded. Additionally 31 members of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons responded to a survey to identify features important to characterize GHI. Frequency, Etiology, Direction, and Severity (FEDS), were found to be most important. Frequency was defined as solitary (one episode), occasional (2–5x/year), or frequent (>5x/year). Etiology was defined as traumatic or atraumatic. Direction referred to the primary direction of instability (anterior, posterior, or inferior). Severity was defined as either subluxation or dislocation. Methods: Reliability Testing Fifty GHI patients completed a questionnaire at their initial visit. One of six sports medicine fellowship trained physicians completed a similar questionnaire after examining the patient. Patients returned after two weeks and were examined by the original physician and two other physicians. Inter- and intra-rater agreement for the FEDS classification system was calculated. Results Agreement between patients and physicians was lowest for frequency (39%; k=0.130) and highest for direction (82%; k=0.636). Physician intra-rater agreement was 84– 97% for the individual FEDS characteristics (k=0.69 to 0.87)). Physician inter-rater agreement ranged from 82–90% (k=0.44 to 0.76). Conclusions The FEDS system has content validity and is highly reliable for classifying GHI. Physical examination using provocative testing to determine the primary direction of instability produces very high levels of inter- and intra-rater agreement. Level of evidence Level II, Development of Diagnostic Criteria with Consecutive Series of Patients, Diagnosis Study. PMID:21277809

Physiological sensor signals classification for healthcare using sensor data fusion and case-based reasoning.

PubMed

Begum, Shahina; Barua, Shaibal; Ahmed, Mobyen Uddin

2014-07-03

Today, clinicians often do diagnosis and classification of diseases based on information collected from several physiological sensor signals. However, sensor signal could easily be vulnerable to uncertain noises or interferences and due to large individual variations sensitivity to different physiological sensors could also vary. Therefore, multiple sensor signal fusion is valuable to provide more robust and reliable decision. This paper demonstrates a physiological sensor signal classification approach using sensor signal fusion and case-based reasoning. The proposed approach has been evaluated to classify Stressed or Relaxed individuals using sensor data fusion. Physiological sensor signals i.e., Heart Rate (HR), Finger Temperature (FT), Respiration Rate (RR), Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) are collected during the data collection phase. Here, sensor fusion has been done in two different ways: (i) decision-level fusion using features extracted through traditional approaches; and (ii) data-level fusion using features extracted by means of Multivariate Multiscale Entropy (MMSE). Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is applied for the classification of the signals. The experimental result shows that the proposed system could classify Stressed or Relaxed individual 87.5% accurately compare to an expert in the domain. So, it shows promising result in the psychophysiological domain and could be possible to adapt this approach to other relevant healthcare systems.

Intrafamilial variability in the clinical manifestations of mucopolysaccharidosis type II: Data from the Hunter Outcome Survey (HOS)

PubMed Central

Giugliani, Roberto; Harmatz, Paul; Mendelsohn, Nancy J.; Jego, Virginie; Parini, Rossella

2017-01-01

Several cases of phenotypic variability among family members with mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) have been reported, but the data are limited. Data from patients enrolled in the Hunter Outcome Survey (HOS) were used to investigate intrafamilial variability in male siblings with MPS II. As of July 2015, data were available for 78 patients aged ≥5 years at last visit who had at least one affected sibling (39 sibling pairs). These patients were followed prospectively (i.e., they were alive at enrollment in HOS). The median age at the onset of signs and symptoms was the same for the elder and younger brothers (2.0 years); however, the younger brothers were typically diagnosed at a younger age than the elder brothers (median age, 2.5 and 5.1 years, respectively). Of the 39 pairs, eight pairs were classified as being discordant (the status of four or more signs and symptoms differed between the siblings); 21 pairs had one, two, or three signs and symptoms that differed between the siblings, and 10 pairs had none. Regression status of the majority of the developmental milestones studied was generally concordant among siblings. Functional classification, a measure of central nervous system involvement, was the same in 24/28 pairs, although four pairs were considered discordant as functional classification differed between the siblings. Overall, this analysis revealed similarity in the clinical manifestations of MPS II among siblings. This information should help to improve our understanding of the clinical presentation of the disease, including phenotype prediction in affected family members. PMID:29210515

Pattern classification of brain activation during emotional processing in subclinical depression: psychosis proneness as potential confounding factor.

PubMed

Modinos, Gemma; Mechelli, Andrea; Pettersson-Yeo, William; Allen, Paul; McGuire, Philip; Aleman, Andre

2013-01-01

We used Support Vector Machine (SVM) to perform multivariate pattern classification based on brain activation during emotional processing in healthy participants with subclinical depressive symptoms. Six-hundred undergraduate students completed the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). Two groups were subsequently formed: (i) subclinical (mild) mood disturbance (n = 17) and (ii) no mood disturbance (n = 17). Participants also completed a self-report questionnaire on subclinical psychotic symptoms, the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences Questionnaire (CAPE) positive subscale. The functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm entailed passive viewing of negative emotional and neutral scenes. The pattern of brain activity during emotional processing allowed correct group classification with an overall accuracy of 77% (p = 0.002), within a network of regions including the amygdala, insula, anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex. However, further analysis suggested that the classification accuracy could also be explained by subclinical psychotic symptom scores (correlation with SVM weights r = 0.459, p = 0.006). Psychosis proneness may thus be a confounding factor for neuroimaging studies in subclinical depression.

Headache classification: criticism and suggestions.

PubMed

Manzoni, G C; Torelli, P

2004-10-01

The International Classification of Headache Disorders 2nd Edition (ICHD-II), published in 2004, marks an unquestionable progress from the preceding 1988 edition, but the in-depth analysis it offers is not immune from drawbacks and shortcomings. First of all, it is still basically a classification of attacks and not of syndromes. For the migraine group, while the revised classification more accurately characterises migraine with aura, it fails to provide a sufficiently structured description of those forms of migraine without aura that over the years evolve to so-called daily chronic forms. These forms are not adequately recognised as chronic migraine, which ICHD-II includes among the complications of migraine. The inclusion of short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) in the cluster headache group is bound to generate some perplexity, while the recognition of new daily persistent headache (NDPH) included in the group of other primary headaches as a separate clinical entity appears somewhat premature. Doubts are also raised by the actual existence of triptan-overuse headache, which ICHD-II includes in Group 8 among medication-overuse headaches. Finally, the addition of headache attributed to psychiatric disorder, which is certainly a good option in perspective, is not yet supported by an adequate systematisation.

Self-care and mobility skills in children with cerebral palsy, related to their manual ability and gross motor function classifications.

PubMed

Öhrvall, Ann-Marie; Eliasson, Ann-Christin; Löwing, Kristina; Ödman, Pia; Krumlinde-Sundholm, Lena

2010-11-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the acquisition of self-care and mobility skills in children with cerebral palsy (CP) in relation to their manual ability and gross motor function. Data from the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) self-care and mobility functional skill scales, the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) were collected from 195 children with CP (73 females, 122 males; mean age 8 y 1 mo; SD 3 y 11 mo; range 3-15 y); 51% had spastic bilateral CP, 36% spastic unilateral CP, 8% dyskinetic CP, and 3% ataxic CP. The percentage of children classified as MACS levels I to V was 28%, 34%, 17%, 7%, and 14% respectively, and classified as GMFCS levels I to V was 46%, 16%, 15%, 11%, and 12% respectively. Children classified as MACS and GMFCS levels I or II scored higher than children in MACS and GMFCS levels III to V on both the self-care and mobility domains of the PEDI, with significant differences between all classification levels (p<0.001). The stepwise multiple regression analysis verified that MACS was the strongest predictor of self-care skills (66%) and that GMFCS was the strongest predictor of mobility skills (76%). A strong correlation between age and self-care ability was found among children classified as MACS level I or II and between age and mobility among children classified as GMFCS level I. Many of these children achieved independence, but at a later age than typically developing children. Children at other MACS and GMFCS levels demonstrated minimal progress with age. Knowledge of a child's MACS and GMFCS level can be useful when discussing expectations of, and goals for, the development of functional skills. © The Authors. Journal compilation © Mac Keith Press 2010.

Essential core of the Hawking–Ellis types

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martín-Moruno, Prado; Visser, Matt

2018-06-01

The Hawking–Ellis (Segre–Plebański) classification of possible stress–energy tensors is an essential tool in analyzing the implications of the Einstein field equations in a more-or-less model-independent manner. In the current article the basic idea is to simplify the Hawking–Ellis type I, II, III, and IV classification by isolating the ‘essential core’ of the type II, type III, and type IV stress–energy tensors; this being done by subtracting (special cases of) type I to simplify the (Lorentz invariant) eigenvalue structure as much as possible without disturbing the eigenvector structure. We will denote these ‘simplified cores’ type II0, type III0, and type IV0. These ‘simplified cores’ have very nice and simple algebraic properties. Furthermore, types I and II0 have very simple classical interpretations, while type IV0 is known to arise semi-classically (in renormalized expectation values of standard stress–energy tensors). In contrast type III0 stands out in that it has neither a simple classical interpretation, nor even a simple semi-classical interpretation. We will also consider the robustness of this classification considering the stability of the different Hawking–Ellis types under perturbations. We argue that types II and III are definitively unstable, whereas types I and IV are stable.

Phase I Inspection Report. National Dam Safety Program. Round Valley South Dam, Hunterdon County, New Jersey.

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-05-01

1 . REPORT NUMB» NJ00015 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO ’base I Inspection Report* lational Dam Safety Program* found Valley South Dam> ’Hunterdon...Springfield, Virginia, 22151. 1 «. KEY WOROS (Continue on rereree elde II neeeeeery end Identity by block number) National Dam Safety Program Dam...IW,. 1 ,W,,.^U„UI,H..l,. 1 ,«.M,.„—II SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OP THIS PAOEfWhan Dmtm gnlafQ SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEfWhan Data Fnr.r.di

Clinically orientated classification incorporating shoulder balance for the surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

PubMed

Elsebaie, H B; Dannawi, Z; Altaf, F; Zaidan, A; Al Mukhtar, M; Shaw, M J; Gibson, A; Noordeen, H

2016-02-01

The achievement of shoulder balance is an important measure of successful scoliosis surgery. No previously described classification system has taken shoulder balance into account. We propose a simple classification system for AIS based on two components which include the curve type and shoulder level. Altogether, three curve types have been defined according to the size and location of the curves, each curve pattern is subdivided into type A or B depending on the shoulder level. This classification was tested for interobserver reproducibility and intraobserver reliability. A retrospective analysis of the radiographs of 232 consecutive cases of AIS patients treated surgically between 2005 and 2009 was also performed. Three major types and six subtypes were identified. Type I accounted for 30 %, type II 28 % and type III 42 %. The retrospective analysis showed three patients developed a decompensation that required extension of the fusion. One case developed worsening of shoulder balance requiring further surgery. This classification was tested for interobserver and intraobserver reliability. The mean kappa coefficients for interobserver reproducibility ranged from 0.89 to 0.952, while the mean kappa value for intraobserver reliability was 0.964 indicating a good-to-excellent reliability. The treatment algorithm guides the spinal surgeon to achieve optimal curve correction and postoperative shoulder balance whilst fusing the smallest number of spinal segments. The high interobserver reproducibility and intraobserver reliability makes it an invaluable tool to describe scoliosis curves in everyday clinical practice.

The utility of rat jejunal permeability for biopharmaceutics classification system.

PubMed

Zakeri-Milani, Parvin; Valizadeh, Hadi; Tajerzadeh, Hosnieh; Islambulchilar, Ziba

2009-12-01

The biopharmaceutical classification system has been developed to provide a scientific approach for classifying drug compounds based on their dose/solubility ratio and human intestinal permeability. Therefore in this study a new classification is presented, which is based on a correlation between rat and human intestinal permeability values. In situ technique in rat jejunum was used to determine the effective intestinal permeability of tested drugs. Then three dimensionless parameters--dose number, absorption number, and dissolution number (D(o), A(n), and D(n))--were calculated for each drug. Four classes of drugs were defined, that is, class I, D(0) < 0.5, P(eff(rat)) > 5.09 x 10(-5) cm/s; class II, D(o) > 1, P(eff(rat)) > 5.09 x 10( -5) cm/s; class III, D(0) < 0.5, P(eff(rat)) < 4.2 x 10(-5) cm/s; and class IV, D(o) > 1, P(eff(rat)) < 4.2 x 10(-5) cm/s. A region of borderline drugs (0.5 < D(o) < 1, 4.2 x 10(-5) < P(eff(rat)) < 5.09 x 10(-5) cm/s) was also defined. According to obtained results and proposed classification for drugs, it is concluded that drugs could be categorized correctly based on dose number and their intestinal permeability values in rat model using single-pass intestinal perfusion technique. This classification enables us to remark defined characteristics for intestinal absorption of all four classes using suitable cutoff points for both dose number and rat effective intestinal permeability values.

Review of Hull Structural Monitoring Systems for Navy Ships

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-01

generally based on the same basic form of S-N curve, different correction methods are used by the various classification societies. ii. Methods for...Likewise there are a number of different methods employed for temperature compensation and these vary depending on the type of gauge, although typically...Analysis, Inc.[30] Figure 8. Examples of different methods of temperature compensation of fibre-optic strain sensors. It is noted in NATO

Sit-to-Stand Movement in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy: Relationship with Knee Extensor Torque and Social Participation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

dos Santos, Adriana Neves; Pavao, Silvia Leticia; Santiago, Paulo Roberto Pereira; Salvini, Tania de Fatima; Rocha, Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira

2013-01-01

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sit-to-stand (STS) movement, knee extensor torque and social participation in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Seven spastic hemiplegic CP patients (8.0 plus or minus 2.2 years), classified by the Gross Motor Function Classification System as I and II, and 18 typical children (8.4 plus or…

Study of the Effects of Drugs upon the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-06-01

ed. The C.V. Mosby Company, St . Louis, 1971. Spence, 3.T., Underwood, B.3., Duncan, C.P., and Cotton, J.W. Elementary Statistics. Appleton- Century ...I.I)" ,,,- 20. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 21 . ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION C3 UNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED 0 SAME AS RPT. - OTIC USERS...50, resistance units - -. ° ! U { {{{{{{ {{{{{{{{{{{{{{{ { {{{{ I {{{ {{{{ { {{{{{{ {{{{{{{ {{{{{ 21 3. Calibration of the Buxco Data Logger Model DL

Quality of Life and Health-Related Quality of Life of Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rosenbaum, Peter L.; Livingston, Michael H.; Palisano, Robert J.; Galuppi, Barbara E.; Russell, Dianne J.

2007-01-01

This study assessed quality of life (QOL) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of 203 adolescents with cerebral palsy (111 males, 92 females; mean age 16y [SD 1y 9mo]). Participants were classified using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), as Level I (n=60), Level II (n=33), Level III (n=28), Level IV (n=50), or Level V…

An Analysis of Full Scale Measurements on M/V Stewart J. Cort during the 1979 and 1980 Trial Programs. Parts I and II.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-02-01

IKCuNITY CLASSIFICATION OF Tm4iS IMAGE (Vrhn Dot& Entered) .,.-’- . . . . . ... .. ... " . . ...... ....... .. . . . . . . . . TABLE OF CONTENTS...11-19 APPENDIX D: BASIC PROCESSING ............................... 11-21 APPENDIX E: SIMULATION OF DATA...equipment previously developed, and an on-board data processing system. These full scale ship trials were the first in history with the objective of directly

Taxonomic Approaches to Enlisted Occupational Classification. Volume II,

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-12-01

various media and about the social implications of the more pervasive of these, there is little of communication theory that is useful to those who...Folley’s theory is a system of interrelated definitions, constructs, and hypotheses relating task attributes to training requirements. D. C. Berliner...requirement approach, the task characteristics approach, and a third approach based on information theory . During the third project year, two of the

Unmanned Systems: A Lab Based Robotic Arm for Grasping Phase II

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-01

Leap Motion Controller, inverse kinematics, DH parameters. 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 89 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT...robotic actuator. Inverse kinematics and Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) parameters will be briefly explained. A. POSITION ANALYSIS According to [3] and... inverse kinematic” method and allows us to calculate the actuator’s position in order to move the robot’s end effector to a specific point in space

Change in mobility function and its causes in adults with cerebral palsy by Gross Motor Function Classification System level: A cross-sectional questionnaire study.

PubMed

Himuro, Nobuaki; Mishima, Reiko; Seshimo, Takashi; Morishima, Toshibumi; Kosaki, Keisuke; Ibe, Shigeharu; Asagai, Yoshimi; Minematsu, Koji; Kurita, Kazuhiro; Okayasu, Tsutomu; Shimura, Tsukasa; Hoshino, Kotaro; Suzuki, Toshiro; Yanagizono, Taiichiro

2018-04-07

The prognosis for mobility function by Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level is vital as a guide to rehabilitation for people with cerebral palsy. This study sought to investigate change in mobility function and its causes in adults with cerebral palsy by GMFCS level. We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire study. A total of 386 participants (26 y 8 m, SD 5 y 10 m) with cerebral palsy were analyzed. Participant numbers by GMFCS level were: I (53), II (139), III (74) and IV (120). The median age of participants with peak mobility function in GMFCS level III was younger than that in the other levels. 48% had experienced a decline in mobility. A Kaplan-Meier plot showed the risk of mobility decline increased in GMFCS level III; the hazard ratio was 1.97 (95% CI, 1.20-3.23) compared with level I. The frequently reported causes of mobility decline were changes in environment, and illness and injury in GMFCS level III, stiffness and deformity in level IV, and reduced physical activity in level II and III. Peak mobility function and mobility decline occurred at a younger age in GMFCS level III, with the cause of mobility decline differing by GMFCS level.

40 CFR 52.51 - Classification of regions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (hydrocarbons) Alabama & Tombigbee Rivers Intrastate II III III III III Columbus (Georgia)-Phenix City (Alabama... II III I I Mobile (Alabama)-Pensacola-Panama City (Florida)-Southern Mississippi Interstate I I III III I Southeast Alabama Intrastate II III III III III Tennessee River Valley (Alabama)-Cumberland...

Medical devices; hematology and pathology devices; classification of the Factor V Leiden DNA mutation detection systems devices. Final rule.

PubMed

2004-03-16

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is classifying the Factor V Leiden deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) mutation detections systems device into class II (special controls). The special control that will apply to the device is the guidance document entitled "Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Factor V Leiden DNA Mutation Detection Systems." The agency is taking this action in response to a petition submitted under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) as amended by the Medical Device Amendments of 1976 (the 1976 amendments), the Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990 (SMDA), the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 (FDAMA), and the Medical Device User Fee and Modernization Act of 2002. The agency is classifying this device into class II (special controls) in order to provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is publishing a notice of availability of a guidance document that is the special control for this device.

Evaluation of new antiemetic agents and definition of antineoplastic agent emetogenicity--an update.

PubMed

Grunberg, Steven M; Osoba, David; Hesketh, Paul J; Gralla, Richard J; Borjeson, Sussanne; Rapoport, Bernardo L; du Bois, Andreas; Tonato, Maurizio

2005-02-01

Development of effective antiemetic therapy depends upon an understanding of both the antiemetic agents and the emetogenic challenges these agents are designed to address. New potential antiemetic agents should be studied in an orderly manner, proceeding from phase I to phase II open-label trials and then to randomized double-blind phase III trials comparing new agents and regimens to best standard therapy. Use of placebos in place of antiemetic therapy against highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy is unacceptable. Nausea and vomiting should be evaluated separately and for both the acute and delayed periods. Defining the emetogenicity of new antineoplastic agents is a challenge, since such data are often not reliably recorded during early drug development. A four-level classification system is proposed for emetogenicity of intravenous antineoplastic agents. A separate four-level classification system for emetogenicity of oral antineoplastic agents, which are often given over an extended period of time, is also proposed.

Towards brain-activity-controlled information retrieval: Decoding image relevance from MEG signals.

PubMed

Kauppi, Jukka-Pekka; Kandemir, Melih; Saarinen, Veli-Matti; Hirvenkari, Lotta; Parkkonen, Lauri; Klami, Arto; Hari, Riitta; Kaski, Samuel

2015-05-15

We hypothesize that brain activity can be used to control future information retrieval systems. To this end, we conducted a feasibility study on predicting the relevance of visual objects from brain activity. We analyze both magnetoencephalographic (MEG) and gaze signals from nine subjects who were viewing image collages, a subset of which was relevant to a predetermined task. We report three findings: i) the relevance of an image a subject looks at can be decoded from MEG signals with performance significantly better than chance, ii) fusion of gaze-based and MEG-based classifiers significantly improves the prediction performance compared to using either signal alone, and iii) non-linear classification of the MEG signals using Gaussian process classifiers outperforms linear classification. These findings break new ground for building brain-activity-based interactive image retrieval systems, as well as for systems utilizing feedback both from brain activity and eye movements. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Local soil classification and crop suitability: Implications for the historical land use and soil management in Monti di Trapani (Sicily)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garcia-Vila, Margarita; Corselli, Rocco; Bonet, María Teresa; Lopapa, Giuseppe; Pillitteri, Valentina; Fereres, Elias

2017-04-01

In the past, the lack of technologies (e.g. synthetic fertilizers) to overcome biophysical limitations has played a central role in land use planning. Thus, landscape management and agronomic practices are reactions to local knowledge and perceptions on natural resources, particularly soil. In the framework of the European research project MEMOLA (FP7), the role of local farmers knowledge and perceptions on soil for the historical land use through the spatial distribution of crops and the various management practices have been assessed in three different areas of Monti di Trapani region (Sicily). The identification of the soil classification systems of farmers and the criteria on which it is based, linked to the evaluation of the farmers' ability to identify and map the different soil types, was a key step. Nevertheless, beyond the comparison of the ethnopedological classification approach versus standard soil classification systems, the study also aims at understanding local soil management and land use decisions. The applied methodology was based on an interdisciplinary approach, combining soil science methods and participatory appraisal tools, particularly: i) semi-structured interviews; ii) soil sampling and analysis; iii) discussion groups; and iv) a workshop with local edafologists and agronomists. A rich local glossary of terms associated with the soil conditions and an own soil classification system have been identified in the region. Also, a detailed soil map, including process of soil degradation and soil capability, has been generated. This traditional soil knowledge has conditioned the management and the spatial distribution of the crops, and therefore the configuration of the landscape, until the 1990s. Acknowledgements This work has been funded by the European Union project MEMOLA (Grant agreement no: 613265).

Seeking order amidst chaos: a systematic review of classification systems for causes of stillbirth and neonatal death, 2009-2014.

PubMed

Leisher, Susannah Hopkins; Teoh, Zheyi; Reinebrant, Hanna; Allanson, Emma; Blencowe, Hannah; Erwich, Jan Jaap; Frøen, J Frederik; Gardosi, Jason; Gordijn, Sanne; Gülmezoglu, A Metin; Heazell, Alexander E P; Korteweg, Fleurisca; Lawn, Joy; McClure, Elizabeth M; Pattinson, Robert; Smith, Gordon C S; Tunçalp, Ӧzge; Wojcieszek, Aleena M; Flenady, Vicki

2016-10-05

Each year, about 5.3 million babies die in the perinatal period. Understanding of causes of death is critical for prevention, yet there is no globally acceptable classification system. Instead, many disparate systems have been developed and used. We aimed to identify all systems used or created between 2009 and 2014, with their key features, including extent of alignment with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and variation in features by region, to inform the World Health Organization's development of a new global approach to classifying perinatal deaths. A systematic literature review (CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, Global Health, and PubMed) identified published and unpublished studies and national reports describing new classification systems or modifications of existing systems for causes of perinatal death, or that used or tested such systems, between 2009 and 2014. Studies reporting ICD use only were excluded. Data were independently double-extracted (except from non-English publications). Subgroup analyses explored variation by extent and region. Eighty-one systems were identified as new, modifications of existing systems, or having been used between 2009 and 2014, with an average of ten systems created/modified each year. Systems had widely varying characteristics: (i) comprehensiveness (40 systems classified both stillbirths and neonatal deaths); (ii) extent of use (systems were created in 28 countries and used in 40; 17 were created for national use; 27 were widely used); (iii) accessibility (three systems available in e-format); (iv) underlying cause of death (64 systems required a single cause of death); (v) reliability (10 systems tested for reliability, with overall Kappa scores ranging from .35-.93); and (vi) ICD alignment (17 systems used ICD codes). Regional databases were not searched, so system numbers may be underestimated. Some non-differential misclassification of systems was possible. The plethora of systems in use, and continuing system development, hamper international efforts to improve understanding of causes of death. Recognition of the features of currently used systems, combined with a better understanding of the drivers of continued system creation, may help the development of a truly effective global system.

Further examination of embedded performance validity indicators for the Conners' Continuous Performance Test and Brief Test of Attention in a large outpatient clinical sample.

PubMed

Sharland, Michael J; Waring, Stephen C; Johnson, Brian P; Taran, Allise M; Rusin, Travis A; Pattock, Andrew M; Palcher, Jeanette A

2018-01-01

Assessing test performance validity is a standard clinical practice and although studies have examined the utility of cognitive/memory measures, few have examined attention measures as indicators of performance validity beyond the Reliable Digit Span. The current study further investigates the classification probability of embedded Performance Validity Tests (PVTs) within the Brief Test of Attention (BTA) and the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT-II), in a large clinical sample. This was a retrospective study of 615 patients consecutively referred for comprehensive outpatient neuropsychological evaluation. Non-credible performance was defined two ways: failure on one or more PVTs and failure on two or more PVTs. Classification probability of the BTA and CPT-II into non-credible groups was assessed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were derived to identify clinically relevant cut-off scores. When using failure on two or more PVTs as the indicator for non-credible responding compared to failure on one or more PVTs, highest classification probability, or area under the curve (AUC), was achieved by the BTA (AUC = .87 vs. .79). CPT-II Omission, Commission, and Total Errors exhibited higher classification probability as well. Overall, these findings corroborate previous findings, extending them to a large clinical sample. BTA and CPT-II are useful embedded performance validity indicators within a clinical battery but should not be used in isolation without other performance validity indicators.

The DeBakey classification exactly reflects late outcome and re-intervention probability in acute aortic dissection with a slightly modified type II definition.

PubMed

Tsagakis, Konstantinos; Tossios, Paschalis; Kamler, Markus; Benedik, Jaroslav; Natour, Dorgam; Eggebrecht, Holger; Piotrowski, Jarowit; Jakob, Heinz

2011-11-01

The DeBakey classification was used to discriminate the extent of acute aortic dissection (AD) and was correlated to long-term outcome and re-intervention rate. A slight modification of type II subgroup definition was applied by incorporating the aortic arch, when full resectability of the dissection process was given. Between January 2001 and March 2010, 118 patients (64% male, mean age 59 years) underwent surgery for acute AD. As many as 74 were operated on for type I and 44 for type II AD. Complete resection of all entry sites was performed, including antegrade stent grafting for proximal descending lesions. Patients were comparable with respect to demographics and preoperative hemodynamic status. They underwent isolated ascending replacement, hemiarch, or total arch replacement in 7%, 26%, and 67% in type I, versus 27%, 37%, and 36% in type II, respectively. Additional descending stent grafting was performed in 33/74 (45%) type I patients. In-hospital mortality was 14%, 16% (12/74) in type I versus 9% (4/44, type II), p=0.405. After 5 years, the estimated survival rate was 63% in type I versus 80% in type II, p=0.135. In type II, no distal aortic re-intervention was required. In type I, the freedom of distal re-interventions was 82% in patients with additional stent grafting versus 53% in patients without, p=0.022. The slightly modified DeBakey classification exactly reflects late outcome and aortic re-intervention probability. Thus, in type II patients, the aorta seems to be healed without any probability of later re-operation or re-intervention. Copyright © 2011 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

In search of meta-knowledge

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lopez, Antonio M., Jr.

1993-01-01

Development of an Intelligent Information System (IIS) involves application of numerous artificial intelligence (AI) paradigms and advanced technologies. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is interested in an IIS that can automatically collect, classify, store and retrieve data, as well as develop, manipulate and restructure knowledge regarding the data and its application (Campbell et al., 1987, p.3). This interest stems in part from a NASA initiative in support of the interagency Global Change Research program. NASA's space data problems are so large and varied that scientific researchers will find it almost impossible to access the most suitable information from a software system if meta-information (metadata and meta-knowledge) is not embedded in that system. Even if more, faster, larger hardware is used, new innovative software systems will be required to organize, link, maintain, and properly archive the Earth Observing System (EOS) data that is to be stored and distributed by the EOS Data and Information System (EOSDIS) (Dozier, 1990). Although efforts are being made to specify the metadata that will be used in EOSDIS, meta-knowledge specification issues are not clear. With the expectation that EOSDIS might evolve into an IIS, this paper presents certain ideas on the concept of meta-knowledge and demonstrates how meta-knowledge might be represented in a pixel classification problem.

Bosniak Classification for Complex Renal Cysts Reevaluated: A Systematic Review.

PubMed

Schoots, Ivo G; Zaccai, Keren; Hunink, Myriam G; Verhagen, Paul C M S

2017-07-01

We systematically evaluated the Bosniak classification system with malignancy rates of each Bosniak category, and assessed the effectiveness related to surgical treatment and oncologic outcome based on recurrence and/or metastasis. In a systematic review according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement and the QUADAS-2 (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) criteria, we selected 39 publications for inclusion in this analysis and categorized them into 1) surgical cohorts-all cysts treated surgically and 2) radiological cohorts-cysts with surgical treatment or radiological followup. A total of 3,036 complex renal cysts were categorized into Bosniak II, IIF, III and IV. In surgical and radiological cohorts pooled estimates showed a malignancy prevalence of 0.51 (0.44, 0.58) in Bosniak III and 0.89 (0.83, 0.92) in Bosniak IV cysts, respectively. Stable Bosniak IIF cysts showed a malignancy rate of less than 1% during radiological followup (surveillance). Bosniak IIF cysts, which showed reclassification to the Bosniak III/IV category during radiological followup (12%), showed malignancy in 85%, comparable to Bosniak IV cysts. The estimated surgical number needed to treat to avoid metastatic disease of Bosniak III and IV cysts was 140 and 40, respectively. The effectiveness of the Bosniak classification system for complex renal cysts was high in categories II, IIF and IV, but low in category III, and 49% of Bosniak III cysts was overtreated because of a benign outcome. This surgical overtreatment combined with the excellent outcome for Bosniak III cysts may suggest that surveillance is a rational alternative to surgery. This will require further study to assess whether surveillance of Bosniak III cysts will prove safe. Copyright © 2017 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Proposal of a Classification System for the Assessment and Treatment of Prominent Ear Deformity.

PubMed

Lee, Youngdae; Kim, Young Seok; Lee, Won Jai; Rha, Dong Kyun; Kim, Jiye

2018-06-01

Prominent ear is the most common external ear deformity. To comprehensively treat prominent ear deformity, adequate comprehension of its pathophysiology is crucial. In this article, we analyze cases of prominent ear and suggest a simple classification system and treatment algorithm according to pathophysiology. We retrospectively reviewed a total of 205 Northeast Asian patients' clinical data who underwent an operation for prominent ear deformity. Follow-up assessments were conducted 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Prominent ear deformities were classified by diagnostic checkpoints. Class I (simple prominent ear) includes prominent ear that developed with the absence of the antihelix without conchal hypertrophy. Class II (mixed-type prominent ear) is defined as having not only a flat antihelix, but also conchal excess. Class III (conchal-type prominent ear) has an enlarged conchal bowl with a well-developed antihelix. Among the three types of prominent ear, class I was most frequent (162 patients, 81.6%). Class II was observed in 28 patients (13.6%) and class III in 10 patients (4.8%). We used the scaphomastoid suture method for correction of antihelical effacement, the anterior approach conchal resection for correction of conchal hypertrophy, and Bauer's squid incision for lobule prominence. The complication rate was 9.2% including early hematoma, hypersensitivity, and suture extrusion. Unfavorable results occurred in 4% including partial recurrence, overcorrection, and undercorrection. To reduce unfavorable results and avoid recurrence, we propose the use of a classification and treatment algorithm in preoperative evaluation of prominent ear. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

STL-based Analysis of TRAIL-induced Apoptosis Challenges the Notion of Type I/Type II Cell Line Classification

PubMed Central

Bertaux, François; Maler, Oded; Batt, Gregory

2013-01-01

Extrinsic apoptosis is a programmed cell death triggered by external ligands, such as the TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL). Depending on the cell line, the specific molecular mechanisms leading to cell death may significantly differ. Precise characterization of these differences is crucial for understanding and exploiting extrinsic apoptosis. Cells show distinct behaviors on several aspects of apoptosis, including (i) the relative order of caspases activation, (ii) the necessity of mitochondria outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) for effector caspase activation, and (iii) the survival of cell lines overexpressing Bcl2. These differences are attributed to the activation of one of two pathways, leading to classification of cell lines into two groups: type I and type II. In this work we challenge this type I/type II cell line classification. We encode the three aforementioned distinguishing behaviors in a formal language, called signal temporal logic (STL), and use it to extensively test the validity of a previously-proposed model of TRAIL-induced apoptosis with respect to experimental observations made on different cell lines. After having solved a few inconsistencies using STL-guided parameter search, we show that these three criteria do not define consistent cell line classifications in type I or type II, and suggest mutants that are predicted to exhibit ambivalent behaviors. In particular, this finding sheds light on the role of a feedback loop between caspases, and reconciliates two apparently-conflicting views regarding the importance of either upstream or downstream processes for cell-type determination. More generally, our work suggests that these three distinguishing behaviors should be merely considered as type I/II features rather than cell-type defining criteria. On the methodological side, this work illustrates the biological relevance of STL-diagrams, STL population data, and STL-guided parameter search implemented in the tool Breach. Such tools are well-adapted to the ever-increasing availability of heterogeneous knowledge on complex signal transduction pathways. PMID:23675292

Single-Dose Oritavancin Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections: SOLO Trial Efficacy by Eron Severity and Management Setting.

PubMed

Deck, Daniel H; Jordan, Jennifer M; Holland, Thomas L; Fan, Weihong; Wikler, Matthew A; Sulham, Katherine A; Ralph Corey, G

2016-09-01

Introduction of new antibiotics enabling single-dose administration, such as oritavancin may significantly impact site of care decisions for patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI). This analysis compared the efficacy of single-dose oritavancin with multiple-dose vancomycin in patients categorized according to disease severity via modified Eron classification and management setting. SOLO I and II were phase 3 studies evaluating single-dose oritavancin versus 7-10 days of vancomycin for treatment of ABSSSI. Patient characteristics were collected at baseline and retrospectively analyzed. Study protocols were amended, allowing outpatient management at the discretion of investigators. In this post hoc analysis, patients were categorized according to a modified Eron severity classification and management setting (outpatient vs. inpatient) and the efficacy compared. Overall, 1910 patients in the SOLO trials were categorized into Class I (520, 26.5%), II (790, 40.3%), and III (600, 30.6%). Of the 767 patients (40%) in the SOLO trials who were managed entirely in the outpatient setting 40.3% were categorized as Class II and 30.6% were Class III. Clinical efficacy was similar between oritavancin and vancomycin treatment groups, regardless of severity classification and across inpatient and outpatient settings. Class III patients had lower response rates (oritavancin 73.3%, vancomycin 76.6%) at early clinical evaluation when compared to patients in Class I (82.6%) or II (86.1%); however, clinical cure rates at the post-therapy evaluation were similar for Class III patients (oritavancin 79.8%, vancomycin 79.9%) when compared to Class I and II patients (79.1-85.7%). Single-dose oritavancin therapy results in efficacy comparable to multiple-dose vancomycin in patients categorized according to modified Eron disease severity classification regardless of whether management occurred in the inpatient or outpatient setting. The Medicines Company, Parsippany, NJ, USA. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers, NCT01252719 (SOLO I) and NCT01252732 (SOLO II).

Hyperspectral Image Classification for Land Cover Based on an Improved Interval Type-II Fuzzy C-Means Approach

PubMed Central

Li, Zhao-Liang

2018-01-01

Few studies have examined hyperspectral remote-sensing image classification with type-II fuzzy sets. This paper addresses image classification based on a hyperspectral remote-sensing technique using an improved interval type-II fuzzy c-means (IT2FCM*) approach. In this study, in contrast to other traditional fuzzy c-means-based approaches, the IT2FCM* algorithm considers the ranking of interval numbers and the spectral uncertainty. The classification results based on a hyperspectral dataset using the FCM, IT2FCM, and the proposed improved IT2FCM* algorithms show that the IT2FCM* method plays the best performance according to the clustering accuracy. In this paper, in order to validate and demonstrate the separability of the IT2FCM*, four type-I fuzzy validity indexes are employed, and a comparative analysis of these fuzzy validity indexes also applied in FCM and IT2FCM methods are made. These four indexes are also applied into different spatial and spectral resolution datasets to analyze the effects of spectral and spatial scaling factors on the separability of FCM, IT2FCM, and IT2FCM* methods. The results of these validity indexes from the hyperspectral datasets show that the improved IT2FCM* algorithm have the best values among these three algorithms in general. The results demonstrate that the IT2FCM* exhibits good performance in hyperspectral remote-sensing image classification because of its ability to handle hyperspectral uncertainty. PMID:29373548

Sseven-color Photometry and Classification of Stars in the Vicinity of the Emission Nebula Sh2-205

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Čepas, V.; Zdanavičius, J.; Zdanavičius, K.; Straižys, V.; Laugalys, V.

We present the results of CCD photometry in the seven-color Vilnius system for 922 stars down to V = 17 mag in a 1.5 square degree field at the northern edge of the H II region Sh2-205, at the Perseus and Camelopardalis border. Using the intrinsic color indices and photometric reddening-free Q-parameters, two-dimensional spectral types for most stars are determined.

Information, Consistent Estimation and Dynamic System Identification.

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-11-01

Washington,DC 232129 Tj-CUOSITORING AGENCY NAMIE 6 AOORESS(lI dittevmet Itroo CuooottaaII Offics) IS.- SECURITY CLASS. (of this *.part) SCHEDULE ’B...representative model from a given model set, applicable to infinite and even non-compact model sets. S-UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAOrj(*whe...ergodicity. For a thorough development of ergodic theory the reader is referred to, e.g., Doob [1953], Halmos [1956] and Chacon and Ornstein [1959

ISIS: A System for Fault-Tolerant Distributed Computing

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-04-01

SECURITY CLASSIMCMTIQN OP THIS PACIE S REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE /|^/f /^ ^^O mA \\ la REPORT SICUWTY CLASSIFICATION IS C...Mirrmteil hv me DHtense ^ilsanced ii.ttheiin n Pfnitcts Auftwv IüOD’ iiiuct \\RP\\ inier S .]7H. i ntin’ \\lt)A9<i;MS-( olj;. m<l bv ihe...DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE 3 DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY OF REPORT Approved for Public Release Distribution Unlimited i PERFORMING ORGANUATION REPORT NUMBER( S

Classification of Hepatic Lesions From CT Images Using Texture Features and Neural Networks

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-10-25

ROI’s) taken from non-enhanced CT images of normal liver, hepatic cysts, hemangiomas, and hepatocellular carcinomas (a total of 147 samples), have been...disease”. The third NN classifies “other disease” into hemangiomas and hepatocellular carcinomas . In order to enhance the performance of the...and hepatocellular carcinoma (C4). II. METHODOLOGY The proposed diagnostic system is presented in Fig. 1. It consists of two levels: the

Explorations on Just War: Has It Ever Existed?

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-06-01

II . C. WORLD WAR II Pope Pius XII, in an address to the United Nations in 1952, said “The enormous violence of modern warfare means that...to the global community, Pope John Paul II cited “conscience of humanity and international humanity law” and claimed that nations and the...Unclassified 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT Unclassified 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT UL ii

Phylogeny and classification of bacteria in the genera Clavibacter and Rathayibacter on the basis of 16s rRNA gene sequence analyses.

PubMed

Lee, I M; Bartoszyk, I M; Gundersen-Rindal, D E; Davis, R E

1997-07-01

A phylogenetic analysis by parsimony of 16S rRNA gene sequences (16S rDNA) revealed that species and subspecies of Clavibacter and Rathayibacter form a discrete monophyletic clade, paraphyletic to Corynebacterium species. Within the Clavibacter-Rathayibacter clade, four major phylogenetic groups (subclades) with a total of 10 distinct taxa were recognized: (I) species C. michiganensis; (II) species C. xyli; (III) species R. iranicus and R. tritici; and (IV) species R. rathayi. The first three groups form a monophyletic cluster, paraphyletic to R. rathayi. On the basis of the phylogeny inferred, reclassification of members of Clavibacter-Rathayibacter group is proposed. A system for classification of taxa in Clavibacter and Rathayibacter was developed based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the PCR-amplified 16S rDNA sequences. The groups delineated on the basis of RFLP patterns of 16S rDNA coincided well with the subclades delineated on the basis of phylogeny. In contrast to previous classification systems, which are based primarily on phenotypic properties and are laborious, the RFLP analyses allow for rapid differentiation among species and subspecies in the two genera.

Morphology of Mesiobuccal Root Canals of Maxillary First Molars: a comparison of CBCT scanning and Cross-sectioning.

PubMed

Lyra, Carina Maria; Delai, Débora; Pereira, Keila Cristina Rausch; Pereira, Guy Martins; Pasternak Júnior, Bráulio; Oliveira, César Augusto Pereira

2015-10-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molars, according to the root canal configuration, prevalence and location of isthmuses at 3 and 6 mm from the apex, comparing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis and cross sectioning of roots by thirds. Images of the mesiobuccal root of 100 maxillary first molars were acquired by CBCT and then roots were cross-sectioned into two parts, starting at 3 mm from the apex. Data were recorded and analyzed according to Weine's classification for root canal configuration, and Hsu and Kim's classification for isthmuses. In the analysis of CBCT images, 8 root canals were classified as type I, 57 as type II, 35 as type III. In the cross-sectioning technique, 19 root canals were classified as type I, 60 as type II, 20 as type III and 1 as type IV. The classification of isthmuses was predominantly type I in both CBCT and cross-sectioning evaluations for sections at 3 mm from the apex, while for sections at 6 mm from the apex, the classification of isthmuses was predominantly types V and II in CBCT and cross-sectioning evaluations, respectively. The cross-sectioning technique showed better results in detection of the internal morphology of root canals than CBCT scanning.

Using EUNIS habitat classification for benthic mapping in European seas: present concerns and future needs.

PubMed

Galparsoro, Ibon; Connor, David W; Borja, Angel; Aish, Annabelle; Amorim, Patricia; Bajjouk, Touria; Chambers, Caroline; Coggan, Roger; Dirberg, Guillaume; Ellwood, Helen; Evans, Douglas; Goodin, Kathleen L; Grehan, Anthony; Haldin, Jannica; Howell, Kerry; Jenkins, Chris; Michez, Noëmie; Mo, Giulia; Buhl-Mortensen, Pål; Pearce, Bryony; Populus, Jacques; Salomidi, Maria; Sánchez, Francisco; Serrano, Alberto; Shumchenia, Emily; Tempera, Fernando; Vasquez, Mickaël

2012-12-01

The EUNIS (European Union Nature Information System) habitat classification system aims to provide a common European reference set of habitat types within a hierarchical classification, and to cover all terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats of Europe. The classification facilitates reporting of habitat data in a comparable manner, for use in nature conservation (e.g. inventories, monitoring and assessments), habitat mapping and environmental management. For the marine environment the importance of a univocal habitat classification system is confirmed by the fact that many European initiatives, aimed at marine mapping, assessment and reporting, are increasingly using EUNIS habitat categories and respective codes. For this reason substantial efforts have been made to include information on marine benthic habitats from different regions, aiming to provide a comprehensive geographical coverage of European seas. However, there still remain many concerns on its applicability as only a small fraction of Europe's seas are fully mapped and increasing knowledge and application raise further issues to be resolved. This paper presents an overview of the main discussion and conclusions of a workshop, organised by the MeshAtlantic project, focusing upon the experience in using the EUNIS habitats classification across different countries and seas, together with case studies. The aims of the meeting were to: (i) bring together scientists with experience in the use of the EUNIS marine classification and representatives from the European Environment Agency (EEA); (ii) agree on enhancements to EUNIS that ensure an improved representation of the European marine habitats; and (iii) establish practices that make marine habitat maps produced by scientists more consistent with the needs of managers and decision-makers. During the workshop challenges for the future development of EUNIS were identified, which have been classified into five categories: (1) structure and hierarchy; (2) biology; (3) terminology; (4) mapping; and (5) future development. The workshop ended with a declaration from the attendees, with recommendations to the EEA and European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity, to take into account the outputs of the workshop, which identify weaknesses in the current classification and include proposals for its modification, and to devise a process to further develop the marine component of the EUNIS habitat classification. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Santa Ana River Design Memorandum Number 1. Phase 2. GDM on the Santa Ana River Mainstem, Including Santiago Creek. Volume 6. Santiago Creek

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-08-01

requirements of ASTM C 150. 8-10 The Kaiser Cement Company plant in the Lucerne Valley , located approximately 100 miles from the project, produces Type II...land classification of the greater Los Angeles area; Part III Classification of sand and gravel resource areas, Orange County-Temescal Valley Production...Memorandum No. i 4. TITLE (eod Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT a P ERIOD COVERED Phase II GDM on the Santa Ana River MainstemIncluding Santiago Creek Final

Medical Devices; General Hospital and Personal Use Devices; Classification of the Ultraviolet Radiation Chamber Disinfection Device. Final order.

PubMed

2015-11-20

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or the Agency) is classifying the ultraviolet (UV) radiation chamber disinfection device into class II (special controls). The special controls that will apply to the device are identified in this order and will be part of the codified language for the UV radiation chamber disinfection device classification. The Agency is classifying the device into class II (special controls) in order to provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device.

Medical Devices; Immunology and Microbiology Devices; Classification of the Assayed Quality Control Material for Clinical Microbiology Assays. Final order.

PubMed

2017-07-27

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA, Agency, or we) is classifying the assayed quality control material for clinical microbiology assays into class II (special controls). The special controls that will apply to the device are identified in this order and will be part of the codified language for the assayed quality control material for clinical microbiology assays' classification. The Agency is classifying the device into class II (special controls) to provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device.

40 CFR 52.721 - Classification of regions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... III I I North Central Illinois Intrastate II IA III III III Paducah (Kentucky)-Cairo (Illinois... Southeast Illinois Intrastate III II III III III West Central Illinois Intrastate I IA III III III [37 FR...

40 CFR 52.721 - Classification of regions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... III I I North Central Illinois Intrastate II IA III III III Paducah (Kentucky)-Cairo (Illinois... Southeast Illinois Intrastate III II III III III West Central Illinois Intrastate I IA III III III [37 FR...

78 FR 70391 - Shipping Coordinating Committee; Notice of Committee Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-25

... II-1 subdivision and damage stability regulations --Development of guidelines on safe return to port... SOLAS regulation II-1/13.6 on means of escape from ro-ro cargo spaces --Classification of offshore...

Exploring the color feature power for psoriasis risk stratification and classification: A data mining paradigm.

PubMed

Shrivastava, Vimal K; Londhe, Narendra D; Sonawane, Rajendra S; Suri, Jasjit S

2015-10-01

A large percentage of dermatologist׳s decision in psoriasis disease assessment is based on color. The current computer-aided diagnosis systems for psoriasis risk stratification and classification lack the vigor of color paradigm. The paper presents an automated psoriasis computer-aided diagnosis (pCAD) system for classification of psoriasis skin images into psoriatic lesion and healthy skin, which solves the two major challenges: (i) fulfills the color feature requirements and (ii) selects the powerful dominant color features while retaining high classification accuracy. Fourteen color spaces are discovered for psoriasis disease analysis leading to 86 color features. The pCAD system is implemented in a support vector-based machine learning framework where the offline image data set is used for computing machine learning offline color machine learning parameters. These are then used for transformation of the online color features to predict the class labels for healthy vs. diseased cases. The above paradigm uses principal component analysis for color feature selection of dominant features, keeping the original color feature unaltered. Using the cross-validation protocol, the above machine learning protocol is compared against the standalone grayscale features with 60 features and against the combined grayscale and color feature set of 146. Using a fixed data size of 540 images with equal number of healthy and diseased, 10 fold cross-validation protocol, and SVM of polynomial kernel of type two, pCAD system shows an accuracy of 99.94% with sensitivity and specificity of 99.93% and 99.96%. Using a varying data size protocol, the mean classification accuracies for color, grayscale, and combined scenarios are: 92.85%, 93.83% and 93.99%, respectively. The reliability of the system in these three scenarios are: 94.42%, 97.39% and 96.00%, respectively. We conclude that pCAD system using color space alone is compatible to grayscale space or combined color and grayscale spaces. We validated our pCAD system against facial color databases and the results are consistent in accuracy and reliability. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A pilot study of dentists' assessment of caries detection and staging systems applied to early caries: PEARL Network findings.

PubMed

Thompson, Van P; Schenkel, Andrew B; Penugonda, Bapanaiah; Wolff, Mark S; Zeller, Gregory G; Wu, Hongyu; Vena, Don; Grill, Ashley C; Curro, Frederick A

2016-01-01

The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) and the Caries Classification System (CCS) are caries stage description systems proposed for adoption into clinical practice. This pilot study investigated clinicians' training in and use of these systems for detection of early caries and recommendations for individual tooth treatment. Patient participants (N = 8) with a range of noncavitated lesions (CCS ranks 2 and 4 and ICDAS II ranks 2-4) identified by a team of calibrated examiners were recruited from the New York University College of Dentistry clinic. Eighteen dentists-8 from the Practitioners Engaged in Applied Research and Learning (PEARL) Network and 10 recruited from the Academy of General Dentistry-were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: 5 dentists used only visual-tactile (VT) examination, 7 were trained in the ICDAS II, and 6 were trained in the CCS. Lesion stage for each tooth was determined by the ICDAS II and CCS groups, and recommended treatment was decided by all groups. Teeth were assessed both with and without radiographs. Caries was detected in 92.7% (95% CI, 88%-96%) of the teeth by dentists with CCS training, 88.8% (95% CI, 84%-92%) of the teeth by those with ICDAS II training, and 62.3% (95% CI, 55%-69%) of teeth by the VT group. Web-based training was acceptable to all dentists in the CCS group (6 of 6) but fewer of the dentists in the ICDAS II group (5 of 7). The modified CCS translated clinically to more accurate caries detection, particularly compared to detection by untrained dentists (VT group). Moreover, the CCS was more accepted than was the ICDAS II, but dentists in both groups were open to the application of these systems. Agreement on caries staging requires additional training prior to a larger validation study.

Classification of dry-cured hams according to the maturation time using near infrared spectra and artificial neural networks.

PubMed

Prevolnik, M; Andronikov, D; Žlender, B; Font-i-Furnols, M; Novič, M; Škorjanc, D; Čandek-Potokar, M

2014-01-01

An attempt to classify dry-cured hams according to the maturation time on the basis of near infrared (NIR) spectra was studied. The study comprised 128 samples of biceps femoris (BF) muscle from dry-cured hams matured for 10 (n=32), 12 (n=32), 14 (n=32) or 16 months (n=32). Samples were minced and scanned in the wavelength range from 400 to 2500 nm using spectrometer NIR System model 6500 (Silver Spring, MD, USA). Spectral data were used for i) splitting of samples into the training and test set using 2D Kohonen artificial neural networks (ANN) and for ii) construction of classification models using counter-propagation ANN (CP-ANN). Different models were tested, and the one selected was based on the lowest percentage of misclassified test samples (external validation). Overall correctness of the classification was 79.7%, which demonstrates practical relevance of using NIR spectroscopy and ANN for dry-cured ham processing control. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Validation of Accelerometer Cut-Points in Children With Cerebral Palsy Aged 4 to 5 Years.

PubMed

Keawutan, Piyapa; Bell, Kristie L; Oftedal, Stina; Davies, Peter S W; Boyd, Roslyn N

2016-01-01

To derive and validate triaxial accelerometer cut-points in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and compare these with previously established cut-points in children with typical development. Eighty-four children with CP aged 4 to 5 years wore the ActiGraph during a play-based gross motor function measure assessment that was video-taped for direct observation. Receiver operating characteristic and Bland-Altman plots were used for analyses. The ActiGraph had good classification accuracy in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels III and V and fair classification accuracy in GMFCS levels I, II, and IV. These results support the use of the previously established cut-points for sedentary time of 820 counts per minute in children with CP aged 4 to 5 years across all functional abilities. The cut-point provides an objective measure of sedentary and active time in children with CP. The cut-point is applicable to group data but not for individual children.

Proposal of a novel system for the staging of thymic epithelial tumors.

PubMed

Bedini, Amedeo Vittorio; Andreani, Stefano Michele; Tavecchio, Luca; Fabbri, Alessandra; Giardini, Roberto; Camerini, Tiziana; Bufalino, Rosaria; Morabito, Alberto; Rosai, Juan

2005-12-01

We designed and assessed a new TNM staging system (herein called the INT [Istituto Nazionale Tumori] system) for thymic epithelial tumors in order to overcome the perceived drawbacks of Masaoka's system, which represents the current standard. In all, 123 cases were evaluated. The histologic types according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification were as follows: subtype A: 5 cases; AB: 40; B1: 16; B2: 29; B3: 16; and C: 17 cases. There were 45 Masaoka's stage I, 33 stage II, 26 stage III, and 19 stage IV cases. A total of 11 INT definitions were grouped into three stages: locally restricted disease (75 cases), which included Masaoka's stage I and selected stage II cases (no pleural invasion); locally advanced disease (37 cases), which included Masaoka's stage III cases plus those staged II owing to pleural invasion and those staged IV owing to intrathoracic nodal or limited pleuropericardial involvement; and systemic disease (11 cases), which included the remaining Masaoka's stage IV cases. Completeness of resection, WHO types, and both staging systems were significant prognostic factors (p < 0.0001) on univariate analysis. The 95-month progression-free survival rates according to Masaoka's system were stage I: 100%; II: 93.6%; III: 46.3%; and IV: 23.2%. The INT system corresponding figures were as follows: locally restricted disease: 98.6%; locally advanced disease: 46.9%; and systemic disease: 11.7%. The INT system was the prognostic factor with the greatest impact (p = 0.0218) on multivariate analysis (Masaoka's system: p = 0.2012; completeness of resection: p = 0.6855; histology: p = 0.9386). The INT system allows finer disease descriptions than Masaoka's system, resulting in a stage grouping with higher prognostic distinctiveness.

Measurement of the center edge angle and determination of the Severin classification using digital radiography, computer-assisted measurement tools, and a Severin algorithm: intraobserver and interobserver reliability revisited.

PubMed

Carroll, Kristen L; Murray, Kathleen A; MacLeod, Lynne M; Hennessey, Theresa A; Woiczik, Marcella R; Roach, James W

2011-06-01

Numerous studies underscore the poor intraobserver and interobserver reliability of both the center edge angle (CEA) and the Severin classification using plain film measurements. In this study, experienced observers applied a computer-assisted measurement program to determine the CEA in digital pelvic radiographs of adults who had been previously treated for dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Using a teaching aid/algorithm of the Severin classification, the observers then assigned a Severin rating to these hips. Intraobserver and interobserver errors were then calculated on both the CEA measurements and the Severin classifications. Four pediatric orthopaedic surgeons and 1 pediatric radiologist calculated the CEAs using the OrthoView TM planning system and then determined the Severin classification on 41 blinded digital pelvic radiographs. The radiographs were evaluated by each examiner twice, with evaluations separated by 2 months. All examiners reviewed a Severin classification algorithm before making their Severin assignments. The intraobserver and interobserver reliability for both the CEA and the Severin classification were calculated using the interclass correlation coefficients and Cohen and Fleiss κ scores, respectively. The intraobserver and interobserver reliability for CEA measurement was moderate to almost perfect. When we separated the Severin classification into 3 clinically relevant groups of good (Severin I and II), dysplastic (Severin III), and poor (Severin IV and above), our interobserver reliability neared almost perfect. The Severin classification is an extremely useful and oft-used radiographic measure for the success of DDH treatment. Our research found digital radiography, computer-aided measurement tools, the use of a Severin algorithm, and separating the Severin classification into 3 clinically relevant groups significantly increased the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of both the CEA and Severin classification. This finding will assist future studies using the CEA and Severin classification in the radiographic assessment of DDH treatment outcomes.

21 CFR 864.8100 - Bothrops atrox reagent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) Identification. A Bothrops atrox reagent is a device made from snake venom and used to determine blood fibrinogen... the treatment of thrombosis) or as an aid in the classification of dysfibrinogenemia (presence in the plasma of functionally defective fibrinogen). (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards). [45...

21 CFR 864.8100 - Bothrops atrox reagent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Identification. A Bothrops atrox reagent is a device made from snake venom and used to determine blood fibrinogen... the treatment of thrombosis) or as an aid in the classification of dysfibrinogenemia (presence in the plasma of functionally defective fibrinogen). (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards). [45...

Design and update of a classification system: the UCSD map of science.

PubMed

Börner, Katy; Klavans, Richard; Patek, Michael; Zoss, Angela M; Biberstine, Joseph R; Light, Robert P; Larivière, Vincent; Boyack, Kevin W

2012-01-01

Global maps of science can be used as a reference system to chart career trajectories, the location of emerging research frontiers, or the expertise profiles of institutes or nations. This paper details data preparation, analysis, and layout performed when designing and subsequently updating the UCSD map of science and classification system. The original classification and map use 7.2 million papers and their references from Elsevier's Scopus (about 15,000 source titles, 2001-2005) and Thomson Reuters' Web of Science (WoS) Science, Social Science, Arts & Humanities Citation Indexes (about 9,000 source titles, 2001-2004)-about 16,000 unique source titles. The updated map and classification adds six years (2005-2010) of WoS data and three years (2006-2008) from Scopus to the existing category structure-increasing the number of source titles to about 25,000. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a widely used map of science was updated. A comparison of the original 5-year and the new 10-year maps and classification system show (i) an increase in the total number of journals that can be mapped by 9,409 journals (social sciences had a 80% increase, humanities a 119% increase, medical (32%) and natural science (74%)), (ii) a simplification of the map by assigning all but five highly interdisciplinary journals to exactly one discipline, (iii) a more even distribution of journals over the 554 subdisciplines and 13 disciplines when calculating the coefficient of variation, and (iv) a better reflection of journal clusters when compared with paper-level citation data. When evaluating the map with a listing of desirable features for maps of science, the updated map is shown to have higher mapping accuracy, easier understandability as fewer journals are multiply classified, and higher usability for the generation of data overlays, among others.

Design and Update of a Classification System: The UCSD Map of Science

PubMed Central

Börner, Katy; Klavans, Richard; Patek, Michael; Zoss, Angela M.; Biberstine, Joseph R.; Light, Robert P.; Larivière, Vincent; Boyack, Kevin W.

2012-01-01

Global maps of science can be used as a reference system to chart career trajectories, the location of emerging research frontiers, or the expertise profiles of institutes or nations. This paper details data preparation, analysis, and layout performed when designing and subsequently updating the UCSD map of science and classification system. The original classification and map use 7.2 million papers and their references from Elsevier’s Scopus (about 15,000 source titles, 2001–2005) and Thomson Reuters’ Web of Science (WoS) Science, Social Science, Arts & Humanities Citation Indexes (about 9,000 source titles, 2001–2004)–about 16,000 unique source titles. The updated map and classification adds six years (2005–2010) of WoS data and three years (2006–2008) from Scopus to the existing category structure–increasing the number of source titles to about 25,000. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a widely used map of science was updated. A comparison of the original 5-year and the new 10-year maps and classification system show (i) an increase in the total number of journals that can be mapped by 9,409 journals (social sciences had a 80% increase, humanities a 119% increase, medical (32%) and natural science (74%)), (ii) a simplification of the map by assigning all but five highly interdisciplinary journals to exactly one discipline, (iii) a more even distribution of journals over the 554 subdisciplines and 13 disciplines when calculating the coefficient of variation, and (iv) a better reflection of journal clusters when compared with paper-level citation data. When evaluating the map with a listing of desirable features for maps of science, the updated map is shown to have higher mapping accuracy, easier understandability as fewer journals are multiply classified, and higher usability for the generation of data overlays, among others. PMID:22808037

PubMed

Di Mare, Valerio; Garramone, Gaetano; Rubbiani, Maristella; Moretto, Angelo

2017-02-15

Hazard classification of chemicals can be defined as a logic-mathematical operation aimed at identifying the type and severity of the inherent hazards of a substance or a mixture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in 134 safety data sheets (SDSs): i) the hazard classification and ii) its coherence with sections 9 (physical-chemical properties), 11 (toxicological properties) and 12 (ecological properties) of the SDSs. Hazard classification and the information provided in sections 9, 11 and 12 of the SDSs have been evaluated against the criteria provided in annexes VI of the Dangerous Substance Directive, II and III of the Dangerous Preparations Directive, I and VI of the Regulation (EC) n. 1272/2008. Most of the analyzed SDSs of substances (62%) was associated to non-classified chemicals (61.4%), although 19.6% of them should have been classified. By contrast, 59.4% of classified substances (representing 38.6% of analyzed ones) were wrongly classified. Fifty-four %, 54% and 67% of suggested substances hazard classification were in line with sections 9 (physical-chemical properties), 11 (toxicological properties) and 12 (ecological properties). The proportion of hazard classification mistakes in SDS was significant, suggesting the need of more qualified experts to derive classification. The introduction of an ad hoc evaluation team, managed by a single, qualified specialist, could represent a solution to ensure the needed improvement of SDSs quality.

40 CFR 52.2471 - Classification of regions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Eastern Washington-Northern Idaho Interstate I IA III I III Northern Washington Intrastate II III III III III Olympic-Northwest Washington Intrastate II II III III III Portland Interstate I IA III I I Puget Sound Intrastate I IA III I I South Central Washington Intrastate I III III III III [37 FR 10900, May 31...

40 CFR 52.2471 - Classification of regions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Eastern Washington-Northern Idaho Interstate I IA III I III Northern Washington Intrastate II III III III III Olympic-Northwest Washington Intrastate II II III III III Portland Interstate I IA III I I Puget Sound Intrastate I IA III I I South Central Washington Intrastate I III III III III [37 FR 10900, May 31...

Detecting Changes Following the Provision of Assistive Devices: Utility of the WHO-DAS II

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Raggi, Alberto

2010-01-01

The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHO-DAS II) is a non-disease-specific International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health-based disability assessment instrument developed to measure activity limitations and restrictions to participation. The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate WHO-DAS II…

Prospector II: Towards a knowledge base for mineral deposits

USGS Publications Warehouse

McCammon, R.B.

1994-01-01

What began in the mid-seventies as a research effort in designing an expert system to aid geologists in exploring for hidden mineral deposits has in the late eighties become a full-sized knowledge-based system to aid geologists in conducting regional mineral resource assessments. Prospector II, the successor to Prospector, is interactive-graphics oriented, flexible in its representation of mineral deposit models, and suited to regional mineral resource assessment. In Prospector II, the geologist enters the findings for an area, selects the deposit models or examples of mineral deposits for consideration, and the program compares the findings with the models or the examples selected, noting the similarities, differences, and missing information. The models or the examples selected are ranked according to scores that are based on the comparisons with the findings. Findings can be reassessed and the process repeated if necessary. The results provide the geologist with a rationale for identifying those mineral deposit types that the geology of an area permits. In future, Prospector II can assist in the creation of new models used in regional mineral resource assessment and in striving toward an ultimate classification of mineral deposits. ?? 1994 International Association for Mathematical Geology.

Physiotherapy movement based classification approaches to low back pain: comparison of subgroups through review and developer/expert survey.

PubMed

Karayannis, Nicholas V; Jull, Gwendolen A; Hodges, Paul W

2012-02-20

Several classification schemes, each with its own philosophy and categorizing method, subgroup low back pain (LBP) patients with the intent to guide treatment. Physiotherapy derived schemes usually have a movement impairment focus, but the extent to which other biological, psychological, and social factors of pain are encompassed requires exploration. Furthermore, within the prevailing 'biological' domain, the overlap of subgrouping strategies within the orthopaedic examination remains unexplored. The aim of this study was "to review and clarify through developer/expert survey, the theoretical basis and content of physical movement classification schemes, determine their relative reliability and similarities/differences, and to consider the extent of incorporation of the bio-psycho-social framework within the schemes". A database search for relevant articles related to LBP and subgrouping or classification was conducted. Five dominant movement-based schemes were identified: Mechanical Diagnosis and Treatment (MDT), Treatment Based Classification (TBC), Pathoanatomic Based Classification (PBC), Movement System Impairment Classification (MSI), and O'Sullivan Classification System (OCS) schemes. Data were extracted and a survey sent to the classification scheme developers/experts to clarify operational criteria, reliability, decision-making, and converging/diverging elements between schemes. Survey results were integrated into the review and approval obtained for accuracy. Considerable diversity exists between schemes in how movement informs subgrouping and in the consideration of broader neurosensory, cognitive, emotional, and behavioural dimensions of LBP. Despite differences in assessment philosophy, a common element lies in their objective to identify a movement pattern related to a pain reduction strategy. Two dominant movement paradigms emerge: (i) loading strategies (MDT, TBC, PBC) aimed at eliciting a phenomenon of centralisation of symptoms; and (ii) modified movement strategies (MSI, OCS) targeted towards documenting the movement impairments associated with the pain state. Schemes vary on: the extent to which loading strategies are pursued; the assessment of movement dysfunction; and advocated treatment approaches. A biomechanical assessment predominates in the majority of schemes (MDT, PBC, MSI), certain psychosocial aspects (fear-avoidance) are considered in the TBC scheme, certain neurophysiologic (central versus peripherally mediated pain states) and psychosocial (cognitive and behavioural) aspects are considered in the OCS scheme.

Ecosystem services classification: A systems ecology perspective of the cascade framework.

PubMed

La Notte, Alessandra; D'Amato, Dalia; Mäkinen, Hanna; Paracchini, Maria Luisa; Liquete, Camino; Egoh, Benis; Geneletti, Davide; Crossman, Neville D

2017-03-01

Ecosystem services research faces several challenges stemming from the plurality of interpretations of classifications and terminologies. In this paper we identify two main challenges with current ecosystem services classification systems: i) the inconsistency across concepts, terminology and definitions, and; ii) the mix up of processes and end-state benefits, or flows and assets. Although different ecosystem service definitions and interpretations can be valuable for enriching the research landscape, it is necessary to address the existing ambiguity to improve comparability among ecosystem-service-based approaches. Using the cascade framework as a reference, and Systems Ecology as a theoretical underpinning, we aim to address the ambiguity across typologies. The cascade framework links ecological processes with elements of human well-being following a pattern similar to a production chain. Systems Ecology is a long-established discipline which provides insight into complex relationships between people and the environment. We present a refreshed conceptualization of ecosystem services which can support ecosystem service assessment techniques and measurement. We combine the notions of biomass, information and interaction from system ecology, with the ecosystem services conceptualization to improve definitions and clarify terminology. We argue that ecosystem services should be defined as the interactions (i.e. processes) of the ecosystem that produce a change in human well-being, while ecosystem components or goods, i.e. countable as biomass units, are only proxies in the assessment of such changes. Furthermore, Systems Ecology can support a re-interpretation of the ecosystem services conceptualization and related applied research, where more emphasis is needed on the underpinning complexity of the ecological system.

Variation in the shape of the tibial insertion site of the anterior cruciate ligament: classification is required.

PubMed

Guenther, Daniel; Irarrázaval, Sebastian; Nishizawa, Yuichiro; Vernacchia, Cara; Thorhauer, Eric; Musahl, Volker; Irrgang, James J; Fu, Freddie H

2017-08-01

To propose a classification system for the shape of the tibial insertion site (TIS) of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and to demonstrate the intra- and inter-rater agreement of this system. Due to variation in shape and size, different surgical approaches may be feasible to improve reconstruction of the TIS. One hundred patients with a mean age of 26 ± 11 years were included. The ACL was cut arthroscopically at the base of the tibial insertion site. Arthroscopic images were taken from the lateral and medial portal. Images were de-identified and duplicated. Two blinded observers classified the tibial insertion site according to a classification system. The tibial insertion site was classified as type I (elliptical) in 51 knees (51 %), type II (triangular) in 33 knees (33 %) and type III (C-shaped) in 16 knees (16 %). There was good agreement between raters when viewing the insertion site from the lateral portal (κ = 0.65) as well as from the medial portal (κ = 0.66). Intra-rater reliability was good to excellent. Agreement in the description of the insertion site between the medial and lateral portals was good for rater 1 and good for rater 2 (κ = 0.74 and 0.77, respectively). There is variation in the shape of the ACL TIS. The classification system is a repeatable and reliable tool to summarize the shape of the TIS using three common patterns. For clinical relevance, different shapes may require different types of reconstruction to ensure proper footprint restoration. Consideration of the individual TIS shape is required to prevent iatrogenic damage of adjacent structures like the menisci. III.

The applicability of new TNM classification for humanpapilloma virus-related oropharyngeal cancer in the 8th edition of the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system in Japan: A single-centre study.

PubMed

Sano, Daisuke; Yabuki, Kenichiro; Arai, Yasuhiro; Tanabe, Teruhiko; Chiba, Yoshihiro; Nishimura, Goshi; Takahashi, Hideaki; Yamanaka, Shoji; Oridate, Nobuhiko

2018-06-01

The purpose of this study is to validate the applicability of new TNM classification for human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) in the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) TNM staging system in Japan. A total of 91 OPC patients treated with radiation-based therapy between November 2001 and July 2015 were analyzed retrospectively in this study. HPV infection status was evaluated using tumor p16 expression. 40 OPC patients (44.0%) had HPV-positive disease in this study. The distribution of disease stage of HPV-positive OPC patients dramatically changed from the 7th edition to the 8th edition of AJCC/UICC TNM classification. However, neither the 8th edition nor the 7th edition of the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system could adequately predict outcomes of HPV-positive OPC patients in our patient series. On the other hand, our multivariate analysis indicated that matted nodes and age ≥63 were independent prognostic factors for progression-free survival. In addition, HPV-positive OPC patients with stage I without matted nodes showed significantly better overall and progression-free survival compared with those with stage I with matted nodes and stages II and III in the 8th edition of the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system (P=0.008, and P=0.043, respectively). Our results suggested that matted nodes of HPV-positive OPC patients might be additionally examined to apply the 8th edition of AJCC/UICC TNM classification for more adequate predicting outcomes of HPV-positive OPC patients. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Extensions to the Speech Disorders Classification System (SDCS)

PubMed Central

Shriberg, Lawrence D.; Fourakis, Marios; Hall, Sheryl D.; Karlsson, Heather B.; Lohmeier, Heather L.; McSweeny, Jane L.; Potter, Nancy L.; Scheer-Cohen, Alison R.; Strand, Edythe A.; Tilkens, Christie M.; Wilson, David L.

2010-01-01

This report describes three extensions to a classification system for pediatric speech sound disorders termed the Speech Disorders Classification System (SDCS). Part I describes a classification extension to the SDCS to differentiate motor speech disorders from speech delay and to differentiate among three subtypes of motor speech disorders. Part II describes the Madison Speech Assessment Protocol (MSAP), an approximately two-hour battery of 25 measures that includes 15 speech tests and tasks. Part III describes the Competence, Precision, and Stability Analytics (CPSA) framework, a current set of approximately 90 perceptual- and acoustic-based indices of speech, prosody, and voice used to quantify and classify subtypes of Speech Sound Disorders (SSD). A companion paper, Shriberg, Fourakis, et al. (2010) provides reliability estimates for the perceptual and acoustic data reduction methods used in the SDCS. The agreement estimates in the companion paper support the reliability of SDCS methods and illustrate the complementary roles of perceptual and acoustic methods in diagnostic analyses of SSD of unknown origin. Examples of research using the extensions to the SDCS described in the present report include diagnostic findings for a sample of youth with motor speech disorders associated with galactosemia (Shriberg, Potter, & Strand, 2010) and a test of the hypothesis of apraxia of speech in a group of children with autism spectrum disorders (Shriberg, Paul, Black, & van Santen, 2010). All SDCS methods and reference databases running in the PEPPER (Programs to Examine Phonetic and Phonologic Evaluation Records; [Shriberg, Allen, McSweeny, & Wilson, 2001]) environment will be disseminated without cost when complete. PMID:20831378

Applying a food processing-based classification system to a food guide: a qualitative analysis of the Brazilian experience.

PubMed

Davies, Vanessa Fernandes; Moubarac, Jean-Claude; Medeiros, Kharla Janinny; Jaime, Patricia Constante

2018-01-01

The present paper aimed to identify the stakeholders, as well as their arguments and recommendations, in the debate on the application of a food processing-based classification system to the new Brazilian Food Guide. Qualitative approach; an analysis was made of documents resulting from the consultation conducted for the development of the new Brazilian Food Guide, which uses the NOVA classification for its dietary recommendations. A thematic matrix was constructed and the resulting themes represented the main points for discussion raised during the consultation. Brazil. Actors from academia, government and associations/unions/professional bodies/organizations related to the area of nutrition and food security; non-profit institutions linked to consumer interests and civil society organizations; organizations, associations and food unions linked to the food industry; and individuals. Four themes were identified: (i) conflicting paradigms; (ii) different perceptions about the role and need of individuals; (iii) we want more from the new food guide; and (iv) a sustainable guide. There was extensive participation from different sectors of society. The debate generated by the consultation revealed two main conflicting opinions: a view aligned with the interests of the food industry and a view of healthy eating which serves the interests of the population. The first group was against the adoption of a food processing-based classification system in a public policy such as the new Brazilian Food Guide. The second group, although mostly agreeing with the new food guide, argued that it failed to address some important issues related to the food and nutrition agenda in Brazil.

77 FR 20656 - Postal Service Classification and Price Adjustments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-05

... noticing a recently-filed Postal Service notice announcing its intent to implement Picture Permit Imprint... implement Picture Permit Imprint Indicia as price categories for First-Class Mail and Standard Mail letters... Dominant Classification and Price Changes for Picture Permit Imprint Indicia, March 28, 2012 (Notice). II...

Knowledge-rich temporal relation identification and classification in clinical notes

PubMed Central

D’Souza, Jennifer; Ng, Vincent

2014-01-01

Motivation: We examine the task of temporal relation classification for the clinical domain. Our approach to this task departs from existing ones in that it is (i) ‘knowledge-rich’, employing sophisticated knowledge derived from discourse relations as well as both domain-independent and domain-dependent semantic relations, and (ii) ‘hybrid’, combining the strengths of rule-based and learning-based approaches. Evaluation results on the i2b2 Clinical Temporal Relations Challenge corpus show that our approach yields a 17–24% and 8–14% relative reduction in error over a state-of-the-art learning-based baseline system when gold-standard and automatically identified temporal relations are used, respectively. Database URL: http://www.hlt.utdallas.edu/~jld082000/temporal-relations/ PMID:25414383

Photometry and Classification of Stars around the Reflection Nebula NGC 7023 IN Cepheus. II. Interstellar Extinction and Cloud Distances

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zdanavičius, K.; Zdanavičius, J.; Straižys, V.; Maskoliūnas, M.

Interstellar extinction is investigated in a 1.5 square degree area in the direction of the reflection nebula NGC 7023 at ℓ = 104.1\\degr, b = +14.2\\degr. The study is based on photometric classification and the determination of interstellar extinctions and distances of 480 stars down to V = 16.5 mag from photometry in the Vilnius seven-color system published in Paper I (2008). The investigated area is divided into five smaller subareas with slightly different dependence of the extinction on distance. The distribution of reddened stars is in accordance with the presence of two dust clouds at 282 pc and 715 pc, however in some directions the dust distribution can be continuous or more clouds can be present.

Review of Psychodynamic diagnostics manual (PDM).

PubMed

Moses, Ira

2008-03-01

Reviews the book, Psychodynamic diagnostics manual (PDM) by Alliance of Psychoanalytic Organizations (2006). This volume is divided into three major sections, Part 1--Classification of Adult Mental Heath Disorder, Part 2--Classification of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Disorder, and Part 3--Conceptual and Research Foundations for a Psychodynamically Based Classification System for Mental Health Disorders. Unlike the standard DSM which highlights the patient's presenting symptom (Axis I) with secondary consideration given to an underlying personality disorder (Axis II), the major thesis of classification scheme of this volume is that diagnostic evaluation should provide a more patient centered and a more clinically useful picture of the individual by understanding the symptom(s) through the essential dimensions of the patient's personality and mental functions (interpersonal and cognitive capacities). Part 3, which could stand on its own as a separate volume, is a thorough critique of psychotherapy outcome research in which the authors delineate how major design flaws have derived from "favoring what is measurable over what is meaningful." The authors cogently demonstrate that diagnostic assessment is a continuous effort toward providing individualized and clinically relevant evaluations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).

The Development and Support of the NATO Project OPAQUE U.S.A.F. System Control Programs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-12-30

OPAQUE data bank format. D r Di,3t SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(Whet, Date Entoed) TABLE OF CONTENTS A ckn ol edgem en-s--------- ------- - - vi 1...Figure 11.0. ERIKFILE Contents Summary Sample (ERIK)------------------------- 64. Figure II.P. ERIKFILE Hourly Data Dump Sample (ERIK...sequentiallv and executed by a control card call to the procedure file. [lhe contents of the monthly stripped data files and their associated directories

U.S. Army Concepts Analysis Agency FY91 Annual Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-12-01

Agency, DSN 295-5277. Civilian Personnel Classification System (PERSYST) CAA participated in ODCSPER working group charged with preparation of a plan...expertise in military history, Osipov is often able to cite pertinent historical examples to illustrate his points and displa’.s a general familiarity...MARYLAND 20814-2797 92-07546 II1I.. .1111 1%!1 ,,11119 ’ " A = Hl!llll n1 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY US ARMY CONCEPTS ANALYSIS AGENCY 8120 WOODMONT AVENUE

Test-Retest Reliability of the 10-Metre Fast Walk Test and 6-Minute Walk Test in Ambulatory School-Aged Children with Cerebral Palsy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, Patricia; Beath, Tricia; Bell, Jacqueline; Jacobson, Gabrielle; Phair, Tegan; Salbach, Nancy M.; Wright, F. Virginia

2008-01-01

Short-term test-retest reliability of the 10-metre fast walk test (10mFWT) and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) was evaluated in 31 ambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP), with subgroup analyses in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) Levels I (n=9), II (n=8), and III (n=14). Sixteen females and 15 males participated, mean age 9 years…

Comparison of torsional and longitudinal modes using phacoemulsification parameters.

PubMed

Rekas, Marek; Montés-Micó, Robert; Krix-Jachym, Karolina; Kluś, Adam; Stankiewicz, Andrzej; Ferrer-Blasco, Teresa

2009-10-01

To compare phacoemulsification parameters of torsional and longitudinal ultrasound modes. Ophthalmology Department, Military Health Service Institute, Warsaw, Poland. This prospective study evaluated eyes 1, 7, and 30 days after phacoemulsification with an Infiniti Vision System using the torsional or longitudinal ultrasound (US) mode. Cataract classification was according to the Lens Opacities Classification System II. Nucleus fragmentation was by the phaco-chop and quick-chop methods. Primary outcome measures were phaco time, mean phaco power, mean torsional amplitude, and aspiration time. Total energy, defined as cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) x aspiration time, and the effective coefficient, defined as aspiration time/phaco time, were also calculated. Four hundred eyes were evaluated. The CDE was statistically significantly lower in the torsional mode for nucleus grades I, II, and III (P<.001) but not for grade IV (P>.05). Aspiration time was statistically significantly shorter in the torsional mode than in the longitudinal mode for nucleus grades III and IV (P<.05). Total energy was significantly lower in the torsional mode for all nucleus densities (P<.05). The effective coefficient was significantly lower in the longitudinal mode except for nucleus grade I (P<.05). Torsional phacoemulsification was more effective than longitudinal phacoemulsification in the amount of applied fluid and the quantity of US energy expended. With the torsional method, it was possible to maintain a constant ratio of amount of fluid flow to quantity of US energy used, regardless of nucleus density.

Proposals for new standardized general diagnostic criteria for the secondary headaches.

PubMed

Olesen, J; Steiner, T; Bousser, M-G; Diener, H-C; Dodick, D; First, M B; Goadsby, P J; Göbel, H; Lainez, M J A; Lipton, R B; Nappi, G; Sakai, F; Schoenen, J; Silberstein, S D

2009-12-01

Headache classification is a dynamic process through clinical testing and re-testing of current and proposed criteria. After publication of the second edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II), need arose for revisions in the classification of medication overuse headache and chronic migraine. These changes made apparent a further need for broader revisions to the standard formulation of diagnostic criteria for the secondary headaches. Currently, the fourth criterion makes impossible the definitive diagnosis of a secondary headache until the underlying cause has resolved or been cured or greatly ameliorated by therapy, at which time the headache may no longer be present. Given that the main purpose of diagnostic criteria is to enable a diagnosis at the onset of a disease in order to guide treatment, this is unhelpful in clinical practice. In the present paper we propose maintaining a standard approach to the secondary headaches using a set of four criteria A, B, C and D, but we construct these so that the requirement for resolution or successful treatment is removed. The proposal for general diagnostic criteria for the secondary headaches will be entered into the internet-based version of the appendix of ICHD-II. During 2009 the Classification Committee will apply the general criteria to all the specific types of secondary headaches. These, and other changes, will be included in a revision of the entire classification entitled ICHD-IIR, expected to be published in 2010. ICHD-IIR will be printed and posted on the website and will be the official classification of the International Headache Society. Unfortunately, it will be necessary to translate ICHD-IIR into the many languages of the world, but the good news is that no major changes to the headache classification are then foreseen for the next 10 years. Until the printing of ICHD-IIR, the printed ICHD-II criteria remain in place for all other purposes. We issue a plea to the headache community to use and study these proposed general criteria for the secondary headaches in order to provide more evidence for their utility-before their incorporation in the main body of the classification.

The Operational Commander’s Role in Planning and Executing a Successful Campaign

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-04-20

44 IS. PRICE CODE RIDGWAY IN KOREAN WAR AS CDR 8th ARMY ________ It. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 10. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 13. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION...Field-Marshal Slim as the 14th Army commander in Burma; General MacArthur in the World War II Cartwheel Operation and General Ridgway as the 8th Army...64 :. Introduction In his book, Command in War , Martin Van Creveld referred to the period of strategic

Digital classification of Landsat data for vegetation and land-cover mapping in the Blackfoot River watershed, southeastern Idaho

USGS Publications Warehouse

Pettinger, L.R.

1982-01-01

This paper documents the procedures, results, and final products of a digital analysis of Landsat data used to produce a vegetation and landcover map of the Blackfoot River watershed in southeastern Idaho. Resource classes were identified at two levels of detail: generalized Level I classes (for example, forest land and wetland) and detailed Levels II and III classes (for example, conifer forest, aspen, wet meadow, and riparian hardwoods). Training set statistics were derived using a modified clustering approach. Environmental stratification that separated uplands from lowlands improved discrimination between resource classes having similar spectral signatures. Digital classification was performed using a maximum likelihood algorithm. Classification accuracy was determined on a single-pixel basis from a random sample of 25-pixel blocks. These blocks were transferred to small-scale color-infrared aerial photographs, and the image area corresponding to each pixel was interpreted. Classification accuracy, expressed as percent agreement of digital classification and photo-interpretation results, was 83.0:t 2.1 percent (0.95 probability level) for generalized (Level I) classes and 52.2:t 2.8 percent (0.95 probability level) for detailed (Levels II and III) classes. After the classified images were geometrically corrected, two types of maps were produced of Level I and Levels II and III resource classes: color-coded maps at a 1:250,000 scale, and flatbed-plotter overlays at a 1:24,000 scale. The overlays are more useful because of their larger scale, familiar format to users, and compatibility with other types of topographic and thematic maps of the same scale.

American Indian Languages: Classifications and List.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zisa, Charles A.

This document lists the indigenous languages of North and South America, with the exception of the Eskimo-Aleut languages, the European-based Creoles, and languages which represent Post-Columbian intrusions. Section I consists of genetic classification of the languages included (948 language-level entries). Section II is an alphabetic list of all…

Design of a Multi-Sensor Cooperation Travel Environment Perception System for Autonomous Vehicle

PubMed Central

Chen, Long; Li, Qingquan; Li, Ming; Zhang, Liang; Mao, Qingzhou

2012-01-01

This paper describes the environment perception system designed for intelligent vehicle SmartV-II, which won the 2010 Future Challenge. This system utilizes the cooperation of multiple lasers and cameras to realize several necessary functions of autonomous navigation: road curb detection, lane detection and traffic sign recognition. Multiple single scan lasers are integrated to detect the road curb based on Z-variance method. Vision based lane detection is realized by two scans method combining with image model. Haar-like feature based method is applied for traffic sign detection and SURF matching method is used for sign classification. The results of experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms and the whole system.

A System Approach to Navy Medical Education and Training. Appendix 17. Preventive Medicine Technician.

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-08-31

A System Approach to Navy Medical F Education and Training FINAL REPORT S. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTHOR(s) S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMUER( E ...covering some 50 Do , 1473 E ,,N o .Iov.6,1 Ii O,.,.Te, -o----,--, ,r"UNCLA.SIFIE,ECU,,,r. CLASSIFICATION OF TWIG ,.A,,9 €.,- =,,- ., UNCLASSIFIED t~tj41T...34 S𔃻+I’ TASK ANALYSIS BACKGflOU’D "/ __DATA SHEET INSTRUCTIONS 6 2 1. Use Mo. 2 pencil ONLY. E 2. Indicate responses with solid black mark in space

[Management of children with headache in a Pediatric Emergency Department before and after the introduction of the Second International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II)].

PubMed

Gioachin, Anna; Fiumana, Elisa; Tarocco, Anna; Verzola, Adriano; Forini, Elena; Guerra, Valentina; Salani, Manuela; Faggioli, Raffaella

2013-03-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate how the management of children admitted with headache to a Pediatric Emergency Department, was modified by the introduction of the Second International Classification of Headache Disorders ( ICHD-II) published in 2004. The complexity and average costs of the services provided to patients in 2002 and 2011 were compared. The results revealed a decrease in the number of tests performed and in-hospital admissions. However, tests were more complex, and an increase in requests of specialist advice was observed. We hypothesized that this change may be related to the introduction of ICHD-II, which suggests a more rational approach to the child with headache and a better use of hospital resources.

Duane retraction syndrome: causes, effects and management strategies

PubMed Central

Kekunnaya, Ramesh; Negalur, Mithila

2017-01-01

Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is a congenital eye movement anomaly characterized by variable horizontal duction deficits, with narrowing of the palpebral fissure and globe retraction on attempted adduction, occasionally accompanied by upshoot or down-shoot. The etiopathogenesis of this condition can be explained by a spectrum of mechanical, innervational, neurologic and genetic abnormalities occurring independently or which influence each other giving rise to patterns of clinical presentations along with a complex set of ocular and systemic anomalies. Huber type I DRS is the most common form of DRS with an earlier presentation, while Huber type II is the least common presentation. Usually, patients with unilateral type I Duane syndrome have esotropia more frequently than exotropia, those with type II have exotropia and those with type III have esotropia and exotropia occurring equally common. Cases of bilateral DRS may have variable presentation depending upon the type of presentation in each eye. As regards its management, DRS classification based on primary position deviation as esotropic, exotropic or orthotropic is more relevant than Huber’s classification before planning surgery. Surgical approach to these patients is challenging and must be individualized based on the amount of ocular deviation, abnormal head position, associated globe retraction and overshoots. PMID:29133973

Implementing the Biopharmaceutics Classification System in Drug Development: Reconciling Similarities, Differences, and Shared Challenges in the EMA and US-FDA-Recommended Approaches.

PubMed

Cardot, J-M; Garcia Arieta, A; Paixao, P; Tasevska, I; Davit, B

2016-07-01

The US-FDA recently posted a draft guideline for industry recommending procedures necessary to obtain a biowaiver for immediate-release oral dosage forms based on the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS). This review compares the present FDA BCS biowaiver approach, with the existing European Medicines Agency (EMA) approach, with an emphasis on similarities, difficulties, and shared challenges. Some specifics of the current EMA BCS guideline are compared with those in the recently published draft US-FDA BCS guideline. In particular, similarities and differences in the EMA versus US-FDA approaches to establishing drug solubility, permeability, dissolution, and formulation suitability for BCS biowaiver are critically reviewed. Several case studies are presented to illustrate the (i) challenges of applying for BCS biowaivers for global registration in the face of differences in the EMA and US-FDA BCS biowaiver criteria, as well as (ii) challenges inherent in applying for BCS class I or III designation and common to both jurisdictions.

DNA methylation-based classification and grading system for meningioma: a multicentre, retrospective analysis.

PubMed

Sahm, Felix; Schrimpf, Daniel; Stichel, Damian; Jones, David T W; Hielscher, Thomas; Schefzyk, Sebastian; Okonechnikov, Konstantin; Koelsche, Christian; Reuss, David E; Capper, David; Sturm, Dominik; Wirsching, Hans-Georg; Berghoff, Anna Sophie; Baumgarten, Peter; Kratz, Annekathrin; Huang, Kristin; Wefers, Annika K; Hovestadt, Volker; Sill, Martin; Ellis, Hayley P; Kurian, Kathreena M; Okuducu, Ali Fuat; Jungk, Christine; Drueschler, Katharina; Schick, Matthias; Bewerunge-Hudler, Melanie; Mawrin, Christian; Seiz-Rosenhagen, Marcel; Ketter, Ralf; Simon, Matthias; Westphal, Manfred; Lamszus, Katrin; Becker, Albert; Koch, Arend; Schittenhelm, Jens; Rushing, Elisabeth J; Collins, V Peter; Brehmer, Stefanie; Chavez, Lukas; Platten, Michael; Hänggi, Daniel; Unterberg, Andreas; Paulus, Werner; Wick, Wolfgang; Pfister, Stefan M; Mittelbronn, Michel; Preusser, Matthias; Herold-Mende, Christel; Weller, Michael; von Deimling, Andreas

2017-05-01

The WHO classification of brain tumours describes 15 subtypes of meningioma. Nine of these subtypes are allotted to WHO grade I, and three each to grade II and grade III. Grading is based solely on histology, with an absence of molecular markers. Although the existing classification and grading approach is of prognostic value, it harbours shortcomings such as ill-defined parameters for subtypes and grading criteria prone to arbitrary judgment. In this study, we aimed for a comprehensive characterisation of the entire molecular genetic landscape of meningioma to identify biologically and clinically relevant subgroups. In this multicentre, retrospective analysis, we investigated genome-wide DNA methylation patterns of meningiomas from ten European academic neuro-oncology centres to identify distinct methylation classes of meningiomas. The methylation classes were further characterised by DNA copy number analysis, mutational profiling, and RNA sequencing. Methylation classes were analysed for progression-free survival outcomes by the Kaplan-Meier method. The DNA methylation-based and WHO classification schema were compared using the Brier prediction score, analysed in an independent cohort with WHO grading, progression-free survival, and disease-specific survival data available, collected at the Medical University Vienna (Vienna, Austria), assessing methylation patterns with an alternative methylation chip. We retrospectively collected 497 meningiomas along with 309 samples of other extra-axial skull tumours that might histologically mimic meningioma variants. Unsupervised clustering of DNA methylation data clearly segregated all meningiomas from other skull tumours. We generated genome-wide DNA methylation profiles from all 497 meningioma samples. DNA methylation profiling distinguished six distinct clinically relevant methylation classes associated with typical mutational, cytogenetic, and gene expression patterns. Compared with WHO grading, classification by individual and combined methylation classes more accurately identifies patients at high risk of disease progression in tumours with WHO grade I histology, and patients at lower risk of recurrence among WHO grade II tumours (p=0·0096) from the Brier prediction test). We validated this finding in our independent cohort of 140 patients with meningioma. DNA methylation-based meningioma classification captures clinically more homogenous groups and has a higher power for predicting tumour recurrence and prognosis than the WHO classification. The approach presented here is potentially very useful for stratifying meningioma patients to observation-only or adjuvant treatment groups. We consider methylation-based tumour classification highly relevant for the future diagnosis and treatment of meningioma. German Cancer Aid, Else Kröner-Fresenius Foundation, and DKFZ/Heidelberg Institute of Personalized Oncology/Precision Oncology Program. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Diagnostic discrepancies in retinopathy of prematurity classification

PubMed Central

Campbell, J. Peter; Ryan, Michael C.; Lore, Emily; Tian, Peng; Ostmo, Susan; Jonas, Karyn; Chan, R.V. Paul; Chiang, Michael F.

2016-01-01

Objective To identify the most common areas for discrepancy in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) classification between experts. Design Prospective cohort study. Subjects, Participants, and/or Controls 281 infants were identified as part of a multi-center, prospective, ROP cohort study from 7 participating centers. Each site had participating ophthalmologists who provided the clinical classification after routine examination using binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (BIO), and obtained wide-angle retinal images, which were independently classified by two study experts. Methods Wide-angle retinal images (RetCam; Clarity Medical Systems, Pleasanton, CA) were obtained from study subjects, and two experts evaluated each image using a secure web-based module. Image-based classifications for zone, stage, plus disease, overall disease category (no ROP, mild ROP, Type II or pre-plus, and Type I) were compared between the two experts, and to the clinical classification obtained by BIO. Main Outcome Measures Inter-expert image-based agreement and image-based vs. ophthalmoscopic diagnostic agreement using absolute agreement and weighted kappa statistic. Results 1553 study eye examinations from 281 infants were included in the study. Experts disagreed on the stage classification in 620/1553 (40%) of comparisons, plus disease classification (including pre-plus) in 287/1553 (18%), zone in 117/1553 (8%), and overall ROP category in 618/1553 (40%). However, agreement for presence vs. absence of type 1 disease was >95%. There were no differences between image-based and clinical classification except for zone III disease. Conclusions The most common area of discrepancy in ROP classification is stage, although inter-expert agreement for clinically-significant disease such as presence vs. absence of type 1 and type 2 disease is high. There were no differences between image-based grading and the clinical exam in the ability to detect clinically-significant disease. This study provides additional evidence that image-based classification of ROP reliably detects clinically significant levels of ROP with high accuracy compared to the clinical exam. PMID:27238376

Applications of remote sensing in resource management in Nebraska

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Drew, J. V.

1975-01-01

A computer-generated graphic display of land use data was developed. The level II inventory data for Sarpy County, Nebraska, was placed on magnetic tape. This data could then be displayed in a map format for comparative analysis of amount and distribution of the various categories of land use. The presentation scale can be varied and thus utilized as a direct guide for cartographic purposes during preparation for publication. In addition, the inventory and classification system was further refined.

Performance Evaluation of Distributed Systems with Unbalanced Flows: An Analysis of the INFOPLEX Data Storage Hierarchy.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-07-01

34. - . . ’-... " " " ". ’ UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF T0IS PAGE (lhen Det £ntered) REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS...RUMERODF PAGES 267 14 MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS(II dillerent from Controllind Office) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (o this report) UNCLASSIFIED ISa...lower storage level. This is the basis for the mapping of the PIL3 read operation and workloads into a queueing netowrk model. S PAGE 135 REFERENCE

Adenocarcinoma of the lung with scattered consolidation: radiological-pathological correlation and prognosis.

PubMed

Jiang, Binghu; Takashima, Shodayu; Hakucho, Tomoaki; Hodaka, Numasaki; Yasuhiko, Tomita; Masahiko, Higashiyama

2013-10-01

To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung with scattered consolidation (ALSC). Between January 2006 and March 2010, 139 consecutive patients with lung adenocarcinoma of ≤3 cm, who underwent pulmonary resection for lung cancer, were investigated retrospectively. Radiologic classification was based on the findings of thin-section CT such as the presence of consolidation or ground-glass opacity (GGO). Type I (n=15) and Type II (n=14), showed a pure GGO and a mixed GGO with consolidation <50%, respectively. Type IV (n=38) and Type V (n=52) showed a mixed GGO with consolidation ≥50% and a pure consolidation, respectively. Type III (n=20) was the adenocarcinoma of the lung with scattered consolidation (ALSC). The clinicopathological features and prognosis of ALSC was investigated with comparative analysis and survival analysis. Because of the similar recurrence rate for Type I and Type II (P=1.000), Type IV and Type V (P=0.343), we merged Type I and Type II as Type I+II, Type IV and Type V as Type IV+V, respectively. In the 20 (14.4%) patients with ALSC, lymph node metastasis was not observed, and it was rare in lymphatic invasion and vascular invasion. On the basis of IASLC/ATS/ERS 2011 classification, 80% of the ALSC were preinvasive lesions. In Noguchi classification, there was no significant difference between Type I+II and ALSC (P=0.260). The prognosis of ALSC was similar to Type I+II (P=0.408), but better than Type IV+V (P=0.040). Adenocarcinoma of the lung with scattered consolidation (ALSC) on thin-section CT was a relatively favorable prognostic factor. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DICTIONARY OF OCCUPATIONAL TITLES, 1965. VOLUME II, OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION AND INDUSTRY INDEX.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bureau of Employment Security (DOL), Washington, DC.

VOLUME 2 COMPLEMENTS VOLUME 1 (VT 003 654) BY PROVIDING A CLASSIFICATION STRUCTURE WHICH GROUPS JOBS HAVING THE SAME BASIC OCCUPATIONAL, INDUSTRIAL, OR WORKER CHARACTERISTICS. THE SECTIONS ARE (1) THE OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORIES, DIVISIONS, AND GROUPS, (2) AN ALPHABETIC ARRANGEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL DIVISIONS AND GROUPS, (3) THE OCCUPATIONAL GROUP…

75 FR 33169 - Dental Devices: Classification of Dental Amalgam, Reclassification of Dental Mercury, Designation...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-11

.... FDA-2008-N-0163] (formerly Docket No. 2001N-0067) RIN 0910-AG21 Dental Devices: Classification of Dental Amalgam, Reclassification of Dental Mercury, Designation of Special Controls for Dental Amalgam... the Federal Register of August 4, 2009 (74 FR 38686) which classified dental amalgam as a class II...

7 CFR 51.1995 - U.S. No. 1.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...) Well formed; and, (2) Clean and bright. (3) Free from: (i) Blanks; and, (ii) Broken or split shells. (4... minimum diameter, minimum and maximum diameters, or in accordance with one of the size classifications in Table I. Table I Size classifications Maximum size—Will pass through a round opening of the following...

Classification and description of world formation types. Part II (Description of formation types)

Treesearch

D. Faber-Langendoen; T. Keeler-Wolf; D. Meidinger; C. Josse; A. Weakley; D. Tart; G. Navarro; B. Hoagland; S. Ponomarenko; J.P. Saucier; G. Fults; E. Helmer

2012-01-01

A vegetation-ecologic classification approach has been developed in which a combination of vegetation attributes (physiognomy, structure, and floristics) and their response to ecological and biogeographic factors are used as the basis for classifying vegetation types (Faber-Langendoen et al. 2012). This approach can help support international, national and subnational...

An accelerated dose escalation with a grass pollen allergoid is safe and well-tolerated: a randomized open label phase II trial.

PubMed

Chaker, A M; Al-Kadah, B; Luther, U; Neumann, U; Wagenmann, M

2015-01-01

The number of injections in the dose escalation of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is small for some currently used hypoallergenic allergoids, but can still be inconvenient to patients and can impair compliance. The aim of this trial was to compare safety and tolerability of an accelerated to the conventional dose escalation scheme of a grass pollen allergoid. In an open label phase II trial, 122 patients were 1:1 randomized for SCIT using a grass pollen allergoid with an accelerated dose escalation comprising only 4 weekly injections (Group I) or a conventional dose escalation including 7 weekly injections (Group II). Safety determination included the occurrence of local and systemic adverse events. Tolerability was assessed by patients and physicians. Treatment-related adverse events were observed in 22 (36.1 %) patients in Group I and 15 (24.6 %) in Group II. Local reactions were reported by 18 patients in Group I and 11 in Group II. Five Grade 1 systemic reactions (WAO classification) were observed in Group I and 2 in Group II. Grade 2 reactions occurred 3 times in Group I and 2 times in Group II. Tolerability was rated as "good" or "very good" by 53 (86.9 %) patients in Group I and 59 (100 %) in Group II by investigators. Forty-eight patients in Group I (80.0 %) and 54 in Group II (91.5 %) rated tolerability as "good" or "very good". The dose escalation of a grass pollen allergoid can be accelerated with safety and tolerability profiles comparable to the conventional dose escalation.

Fascia: a morphological description and classification system based on a literature review

PubMed Central

Kumka, Myroslava; Bonar, Jason

2012-01-01

Fascia is virtually inseparable from all structures in the body and acts to create continuity amongst tissues to enhance function and support. In the past fascia has been difficult to study leading to ambiguities in nomenclature, which have only recently been addressed. Through review of the available literature, advances in fascia research were compiled, and issues related to terminology, descriptions, and clinical relevance of fascia were addressed. Our multimodal search strategy was conducted in Medline and PubMed databases, with other targeted searches in Google Scholar and by hand, utilizing reference lists and conference proceedings. In an effort to organize nomenclature for fascial structures provided by the Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FICAT), we developed a functional classification system which includes four categories of fascia: i) linking, ii) fascicular, iii) compression, and iv) separating fasciae. Each category was developed from descriptions in the literature on gross anatomy, histology, and biomechanics; the category names reflect the function of the fascia. An up-to-date definition of fascia is provided, as well as descriptions of its function and clinical features. Our classification demonstrates the use of internationally accepted terminology in an ontology which can improve understanding of major terms in each category of fascia. PMID:22997468

[Preoperative risk assessment with the ASA classification. A prospective study of morbidity and mortality in various ASA classes in 2,937 patients in general surgery].

PubMed

Menke, H; John, K D; Klein, A; Lorenz, W; Junginger, T

1992-12-01

The value of ASA classification in assessment of perioperative risk, i.e. especially postoperative morbidity, was analyzed prospectively using the data of 2937 patients. The analysis took into account the criteria validity, reliability, and sensitivity. The incidence of post-operative morbidity after elective surgery rose from 3.9% in ASA class I to 36% in ASA class IV. Mortality was 0.6% in ASA class II, whereas 9.3% died in ASA class IV. Morbidity, mortality respectively, after emergency surgery was 10.2% in ASA class II compared to 69% in class IV, mortality 1.4% compared to 21.5%. Differences between the ASA classes were confirmed (p-value < 0.05) considering separate kinds of complications and different periods. Furthermore, ASA classification was a valuable reference to length of stay and severity of necessary therapy at the ICU.

A Comparative Study of YSO Classification Techniques using WISE Observations of the KR 120 Molecular Cloud

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kang, Sung-Ju; Kerton, C. R.

2014-01-01

KR 120 (Sh2-187) is a small Galactic HII region located at a distance of 1.4 kpc that shows evidence for triggered star formation in the surrounding molecular cloud. We present an analysis of the young stellar object (YSO) population of the molecular cloud as determined using a variety of classification techniques. YSO candidates are selected from the WISE all sky catalog and classified as Class I, Class II and Flat based on 1) spectral index, 2) color-color or color-magnitude plots, and 3) spectral energy distribution (SED) fits to radiative transfer models. We examine the discrepancies in YSO classification between the various techniques and explore how these discrepancies lead to uncertainty in such scientifically interesting quantities such as the ratio of Class I/Class II sources and the surface density of YSOs at various stages of evolution.

SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE O Vz STARS IN THE GALACTIC O-STAR SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY (GOSSS)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Arias, Julia I.; Barbá, Rodolfo H.; Sabín-Sanjulián, Carolina

On the basis of the Galactic O Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS), we present a detailed systematic investigation of the O Vz stars. The currently used spectral classification criteria are rediscussed, and the Vz phenomenon is recalibrated through the addition of a quantitative criterion based on the equivalent widths of the He i λ 4471, He ii λ 4542, and He ii λ 4686 spectral lines. The GOSSS O Vz and O V populations resulting from the newly adopted spectral classification criteria are comparatively analyzed. The locations of the O Vz stars are probed, showing a concentration of the most extrememore » cases toward the youngest star-forming regions. The occurrence of the Vz spectral peculiarity in a solar-metallicity environment, as predicted by the fastwind code, is also investigated, confirming the importance of taking into account several processes for the correct interpretation of the phenomenon.« less

CT imaging-based determination and classification of anatomic variations of left gastric vein.

PubMed

Wu, Yongyou; Chen, Guangqiang; Wu, Pengfei; Zhu, Jianbin; Peng, Wei; Xing, Chungen

2017-03-01

Precise determination and classification of left gastric vein (LGV) anatomy are helpful in planning for gastric surgery, in particular, for resection of gastric cancer. However, the anatomy of LGV is highly variable. A systematic classification of its variations is still to be proposed. We aimed to investigate the anatomical variations in LGV using CT imaging and develop a new nomenclature system. We reviewed CT images and tracked the course of LGV in 825 adults. The frequencies of common and variable LGV anatomical courses were recorded. Anatomic variations of LGV were proposed and classified into different types mainly based on its courses. The inflow sites of LGV into the portal system were also considered if common hepatic artery (CHA) or splenic artery (SA) could not be used as a frame of reference due to variations. Detailed anatomy and courses of LGV were depicted on CT images. Using CHA and SA as the frames of reference, the routes of LGV were divided into six types (i.e., PreS, RetroS, Mid, PreCH, RetroCH, and Supra). The inflow sites were classified into four types (i.e., PV, SV, PSV, and LPV). The new classification was mainly based on the courses of LGV, which was validated with MDCT in the 805 cases with an identifiable LGV, namely type I, RetroCH, 49.8 % (401/805); type II, PreS, 20.6 % (166/805); type III, Mid, 20.0 % (161/805); type IV, RetroS, 7.3 % (59/805); type V, Supra, 1.5 % (12/805); and type VI, PreCH, 0.7 % (6/805). Type VII, designated to the cases in which SA and CHA could not be used as frames of reference, was not observed in this series. Detailed depiction of the anatomy and courses of LGV on CT images allowed us to evaluate and develop a new classification and nomenclature system for the anatomical variations of LGV.

Health systems strengthening: a common classification and framework for investment analysis

PubMed Central

Shakarishvili, George; Lansang, Mary Ann; Mitta, Vinod; Bornemisza, Olga; Blakley, Matthew; Kley, Nicole; Burgess, Craig; Atun, Rifat

2011-01-01

Significant scale-up of donors’ investments in health systems strengthening (HSS), and the increased application of harmonization mechanisms for jointly channelling donor resources in countries, necessitate the development of a common framework for tracking donors’ HSS expenditures. Such a framework would make it possible to comparatively analyse donors’ contributions to strengthening specific aspects of countries’ health systems in multi-donor-supported HSS environments. Four pre-requisite factors are required for developing such a framework: (i) harmonization of conceptual and operational understanding of what constitutes HSS; (ii) development of a common set of criteria to define health expenditures as contributors to HSS; (iii) development of a common HSS classification system; and (iv) harmonization of HSS programmatic and financial data to allow for inter-agency comparative analyses. Building on the analysis of these aspects, the paper proposes a framework for tracking donors’ investments in HSS, as a departure point for further discussions aimed at developing a commonly agreed approach. Comparative analysis of financial allocations by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and the GAVI Alliance for HSS, as an illustrative example of applying the proposed framework in practice, is also presented. PMID:20952397

Ensemble of random forests One vs. Rest classifiers for MCI and AD prediction using ANOVA cortical and subcortical feature selection and partial least squares.

PubMed

Ramírez, J; Górriz, J M; Ortiz, A; Martínez-Murcia, F J; Segovia, F; Salas-Gonzalez, D; Castillo-Barnes, D; Illán, I A; Puntonet, C G

2018-05-15

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly and affects approximately 30 million individuals worldwide. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is very frequently a prodromal phase of AD, and existing studies have suggested that people with MCI tend to progress to AD at a rate of about 10-15% per year. However, the ability of clinicians and machine learning systems to predict AD based on MRI biomarkers at an early stage is still a challenging problem that can have a great impact in improving treatments. The proposed system, developed by the SiPBA-UGR team for this challenge, is based on feature standardization, ANOVA feature selection, partial least squares feature dimension reduction and an ensemble of One vs. Rest random forest classifiers. With the aim of improving its performance when discriminating healthy controls (HC) from MCI, a second binary classification level was introduced that reconsiders the HC and MCI predictions of the first level. The system was trained and evaluated on an ADNI datasets that consist of T1-weighted MRI morphological measurements from HC, stable MCI, converter MCI and AD subjects. The proposed system yields a 56.25% classification score on the test subset which consists of 160 real subjects. The classifier yielded the best performance when compared to: (i) One vs. One (OvO), One vs. Rest (OvR) and error correcting output codes (ECOC) as strategies for reducing the multiclass classification task to multiple binary classification problems, (ii) support vector machines, gradient boosting classifier and random forest as base binary classifiers, and (iii) bagging ensemble learning. A robust method has been proposed for the international challenge on MCI prediction based on MRI data. The system yielded the second best performance during the competition with an accuracy rate of 56.25% when evaluated on the real subjects of the test set. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

EXhype: A tool for mineral classification using hyperspectral data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adep, Ramesh Nityanand; shetty, Amba; Ramesh, H.

2017-02-01

Various supervised classification algorithms have been developed to classify earth surface features using hyperspectral data. Each algorithm is modelled based on different human expertises. However, the performance of conventional algorithms is not satisfactory to map especially the minerals in view of their typical spectral responses. This study introduces a new expert system named 'EXhype (Expert system for hyperspectral data classification)' to map minerals. The system incorporates human expertise at several stages of it's implementation: (i) to deal with intra-class variation; (ii) to identify absorption features; (iii) to discriminate spectra by considering absorption features, non-absorption features and by full spectra comparison; and (iv) finally takes a decision based on learning and by emphasizing most important features. It is developed using a knowledge base consisting of an Optimal Spectral Library, Segmented Upper Hull method, Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and Artificial Neural Network. The performance of the EXhype is compared with a traditional, most commonly used SAM algorithm using Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data acquired over Cuprite, Nevada, USA. A virtual verification method is used to collect samples information for accuracy assessment. Further, a modified accuracy assessment method is used to get a real users accuracies in cases where only limited or desired classes are considered for classification. With the modified accuracy assessment method, SAM and EXhype yields an overall accuracy of 60.35% and 90.75% and the kappa coefficient of 0.51 and 0.89 respectively. It was also found that the virtual verification method allows to use most desired stratified random sampling method and eliminates all the difficulties associated with it. The experimental results show that EXhype is not only producing better accuracy compared to traditional SAM but, can also rightly classify the minerals. It is proficient in avoiding misclassification between target classes when applied on minerals.

Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) classification predicts survival in patients with brain metastases from sarcoma.

PubMed

Grossman, Rachel; Ram, Zvi

2014-12-01

Sarcoma rarely metastasizes to the brain, and there are no specific treatment guidelines for these tumors. The recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) classification is a well-established prognostic scale used in many malignancies. In this study we assessed the clinical characteristics of metastatic sarcoma to the brain and the validity of the RPA classification system in a subset of 21 patients who underwent surgical resection of metastatic sarcoma to the brain We retrospectively analyzed the medical, radiological, surgical, pathological, and follow-up clinical records of 21 patients who were operated for metastatic sarcoma to the brain between 1996 and 2012. Gliosarcomas, sarcomas of the head and neck with local extension into the brain, and metastatic sarcomas to the spine were excluded from this reported series. The patients' mean age was 49.6 ± 14.2 years (range, 25-75 years) at the time of diagnosis. Sixteen patients had a known history of systemic sarcoma, mostly in the extremities, and had previously received systemic chemotherapy and radiation therapy for their primary tumor. The mean maximal tumor diameter in the brain was 4.9 ± 1.7 cm (range 1.7-7.2 cm). The group's median preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale was 80, with 14 patients presenting with Karnofsky Performance Scale of 70 or greater. The median overall survival was 7 months (range 0.2-204 months). The median survival time stratified by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group RPA classes were 31, 7, and 2 months for RPA class I, II, and III, respectively (P = 0.0001). This analysis is the first to support the prognostic utility of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group RPA classification for sarcoma brain metastases and may be used as a treatment guideline tool in this rare disease. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chronic shin splints. Classification and management of medial tibial stress syndrome.

PubMed

Detmer, D E

1986-01-01

A clinical classification and treatment programme has been developed for chronic medial tibial stress syndrome. Medial tibial stress syndrome has been reported to be either tibial stress fracture or microfracture, tibial periostitis, or distal deep posterior chronic compartment syndrome. Three chronic types exist and may coexist: Type I (tibial microfracture, bone stress reaction or cortical fracture); type II (periostalgia from chronic avulsion of the periosteum at the periosteal-fascial junction); and type III (chronic compartment syndrome syndrome). Type I disease is treated nonoperatively. Operations for resistant types II and III medial tibial stress syndrome were performed in 41 patients. Bilaterality was common (type II, 50% type III, 88%). Seven had coexistent type II/III; one had type I/II. Preoperative symptoms averaged 24 months in type II, 6 months in type III, and 33 months in types II/III. Mean age was 22 years (15 to 51). Resting compartment pressures were normal in type II (mean 12 mm Hg) and elevated in type III and type II/III (mean 23 mm Hg). Type II and type II/III patients received fasciotomy plus periosteal cauterisation. Type III patients had fasciotomy only. All procedures were performed on an outpatient basis using local anaesthesia. Follow up was complete and averaged 6 months (2 to 14 months). Improved performance was as follows: type II, 93%, type III, 100%; type II/III, 86%. Complete cures were as follows: type II, 78%; type III, 75%; and type II/III, 57%. This experience suggests that with precise diagnosis and treatment involving minimal risk and cost the athlete has a reasonable chance of return to full activity.

Mechanisms for Differential Protein Production in Toxin–Antitoxin Systems

PubMed Central

Deter, Heather S.; Jensen, Roderick V.; Mather, William H.; Butzin, Nicholas C.

2017-01-01

Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are key regulators of bacterial persistence, a multidrug-tolerant state found in bacterial species that is a major contributing factor to the growing human health crisis of antibiotic resistance. Type II TA systems consist of two proteins, a toxin and an antitoxin; the toxin is neutralized when they form a complex. The ratio of antitoxin to toxin is significantly greater than 1.0 in the susceptible population (non-persister state), but this ratio is expected to become smaller during persistence. Analysis of multiple datasets (RNA-seq, ribosome profiling) and results from translation initiation rate calculators reveal multiple mechanisms that ensure a high antitoxin-to-toxin ratio in the non-persister state. The regulation mechanisms include both translational and transcriptional regulation. We classified E. coli type II TA systems into four distinct classes based on the mechanism of differential protein production between toxin and antitoxin. We find that the most common regulation mechanism is translational regulation. This classification scheme further refines our understanding of one of the fundamental mechanisms underlying bacterial persistence, especially regarding maintenance of the antitoxin-to-toxin ratio. PMID:28677629

78 FR 1574 - Regulatory Agenda

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-08

... Infusion Pumps. 281 Requirements for the 0910-AG59 Testing and Reporting of Tobacco Product Constituents... Use Devices: Issuance of Draft Special Controls Guidance for Infusion Pumps Legal Authority: 21 U.S.C... proposing to amend the classification of infusion pumps from class II (performance standards) to class II...

SATA II - Stochastic Algebraic Topology and Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-01-30

AFRL-AFOSR-UK-TR-2017-0018 SATA II - Stochastic Algebraic Topology and Applications 150032 Robert Adler TECHNION ISRAEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Final...REPORT TYPE Final 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 15 Dec 2014 to 14 Dec 2016 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE SATA II - Stochastic Algebraic Topology and Applications ...has recently been submitted to AFOSR. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Network Theory, Sensor Technology, Mathematical Modeling, EOARD 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF

Military Adaptation of Kevlar for Portable Bridge Reinforcement Cables.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-18

WMOFE P T GIBSON OAAKO-78-C-O0ZM UNCLASSIFIED II *3fllIIlfIIIIIIIIflf mhhhhmhm EEIIEIIIEIIII lElllIIhlEllEI EllllEElhlllIE EIIEIIIEIIIII EEllhhEhI 11111...COMMAND FORT BELVOIR, VIRGINIA 22060 L I- ,.- C1 . UNCLASS IF IFfl SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Date Entered)REDISUCON II . REPORT NUMBER... ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . vi LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

A survey of transposable element classification systems--a call for a fundamental update to meet the challenge of their diversity and complexity.

PubMed

Piégu, Benoît; Bire, Solenne; Arensburger, Peter; Bigot, Yves

2015-05-01

The increase of publicly available sequencing data has allowed for rapid progress in our understanding of genome composition. As new information becomes available we should constantly be updating and reanalyzing existing and newly acquired data. In this report we focus on transposable elements (TEs) which make up a significant portion of nearly all sequenced genomes. Our ability to accurately identify and classify these sequences is critical to understanding their impact on host genomes. At the same time, as we demonstrate in this report, problems with existing classification schemes have led to significant misunderstandings of the evolution of both TE sequences and their host genomes. In a pioneering publication Finnegan (1989) proposed classifying all TE sequences into two classes based on transposition mechanisms and structural features: the retrotransposons (class I) and the DNA transposons (class II). We have retraced how ideas regarding TE classification and annotation in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic scientific communities have changed over time. This has led us to observe that: (1) a number of TEs have convergent structural features and/or transposition mechanisms that have led to misleading conclusions regarding their classification, (2) the evolution of TEs is similar to that of viruses by having several unrelated origins, (3) there might be at least 8 classes and 12 orders of TEs including 10 novel orders. In an effort to address these classification issues we propose: (1) the outline of a universal TE classification, (2) a set of methods and classification rules that could be used by all scientific communities involved in the study of TEs, and (3) a 5-year schedule for the establishment of an International Committee for Taxonomy of Transposable Elements (ICTTE). Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Mechanisms of starch digestion by α-amylase-Structural basis for kinetic properties.

PubMed

Dhital, Sushil; Warren, Frederick J; Butterworth, Peter J; Ellis, Peter R; Gidley, Michael J

2017-03-24

Recent studies of the mechanisms determining the rate and extent of starch digestion by α-amylase are reviewed in the light of current widely-used classifications for (a) the proportions of rapidly-digestible (RDS), slowly-digestible (SDS), and resistant starch (RS) based on in vitro digestibility, and (b) the types of resistant starch (RS 1,2,3,4…) based on physical and/or chemical form. Based on methodological advances and new mechanistic insights, it is proposed that both classification systems should be modified. Kinetic analysis of digestion profiles provides a robust set of parameters that should replace the classification of starch as a combination of RDS, SDS, and RS from a single enzyme digestion experiment. This should involve determination of the minimum number of kinetic processes needed to describe the full digestion profile, together with the proportion of starch involved in each process, and the kinetic properties of each process. The current classification of resistant starch types as RS1,2,3,4 should be replaced by one which recognizes the essential kinetic nature of RS (enzyme digestion rate vs. small intestinal passage rate), and that there are two fundamental origins for resistance based on (i) rate-determining access/binding of enzyme to substrate and (ii) rate-determining conversion of substrate to product once bound.

Differentiation of osteophyte types in osteoarthritis - proposal of a histological classification.

PubMed

Junker, Susann; Krumbholz, Grit; Frommer, Klaus W; Rehart, Stefan; Steinmeyer, Jürgen; Rickert, Markus; Schett, Georg; Müller-Ladner, Ulf; Neumann, Elena

2016-01-01

Osteoarthritis is not only characterized by cartilage degradation but also involves subchondral bone remodeling and osteophyte formation. Osteophytes are fibrocartilage-capped bony outgrowths originating from the periosteum. The pathophysiology of osteophyte formation is not completely understood. Yet, different research approaches are under way. Therefore, a histological osteophyte classification to achieve comparable results in osteophyte research was established for application to basic science research questions. The osteophytes were collected from knee joints of osteoarthritis patients (n=10, 94 osteophytes in total) after joint replacement surgery. Their size and origin in the respective joint were photo-documented. To develop an osteophyte classification, serial tissue sections were evaluated using histological (hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, toluidine blue) and immunohistochemical staining (collagen type II). Based on the histological and immunohistochemical evaluation, osteophytes were categorized into four different types depending on the degree of ossification and the percentage of mesenchymal connective tissue. Size and localization of osteophytes were independent from the histological stages. This histological classification system of osteoarthritis osteophytes provides a helpful tool for analyzing and monitoring osteophyte development and for characterizing osteophyte types within a single human joint and may therefore contribute to achieve comparable results when analyzing histological findings in osteophytes. Copyright © 2015 Société française de rhumatologie. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

Statewide land cover derived from multiseasonal Landsat TM data: A retrospective of the WISCLAND project

USGS Publications Warehouse

Reese, H.M.; Lillesand, T.M.; Nagel, D.E.; Stewart, J.S.; Goldmann, R.A.; Simmons, T.E.; Chipman, J.W.; Tessar, P.A.

2002-01-01

Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data were the basis in production of a statewide land cover data set for Wisconsin, undertaken in partnership with U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Gap Analysis Program (GAP). The data set contained seven classes comparable to Anderson Level I and 24 classes comparable to Anderson Level II/III. Twelve scenes of dual-date TM data were processed with methods that included principal components analysis, stratification into spectrally consistent units, separate classification of upland, wetland, and urban areas, and a hybrid supervised/unsupervised classification called "guided clustering." The final data had overall accuracies of 94% for Anderson Level I upland classes, 77% for Level II/III upland classes, and 84% for Level II/III wetland classes. Classification accuracies for deciduous and coniferous forest were 95% and 93%, respectively, and forest species' overall accuracies ranged from 70% to 84%. Limited availability of acceptable imagery necessitated use of an early May date in a majority of scene pairs, perhaps contributing to lower accuracy for upland deciduous forest species. The mixed deciduous/coniferous forest class had the lowest accuracy, most likely due to distinctly classifying a purely mixed class. Mixed forest signatures containing oak were often confused with pure oak. Guided clustering was seen as an efficient classification method, especially at the tree species level, although its success relied in part on image dates, accurate ground troth, and some analyst intervention. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

Proposal for a bariatric mortality risk classification system for patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

PubMed

Nguyen, Ninh T; Nguyen, Brian; Smith, Brian; Reavis, Kevin M; Elliott, Christian; Hohmann, Samuel

2013-01-01

An obesity surgery mortality risk score derived from a single clinical series can be used to stratify the mortality risk of patients undergoing gastric bypass. However, such a scoring system does not take into account 2 important factors in contemporary bariatric surgery--increased use of the laparoscopic approach and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. The present study analyzed the preoperative factors that might predict in-hospital mortality after bariatric surgery using data from academic medical centers and proposes a classification system for predicting mortality. Using the "International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision," diagnosis and procedural codes, the data for all patients who underwent bariatric surgery for the treatment of morbid obesity from 2002 to 2009 were obtained from the University HealthSystem Consortium database. The limitations of this database included the lack of the body mass index and the underestimation of some co-morbidities, such as sleep apnea. Multiple regression analyses were performed to determine the factors predictive of greater in-hospital mortality. The factors examined included race, gender, age, co-morbidities, surgical technique (laparoscopic versus open), bariatric operation (gastric bypass versus nongastric bypass), and payer type. A scoring system was devised by assigning 1 point for each major factor (those with an adjusted odds ratio [AOR] of ≥2.0) and .5 point for each minor factor (those with an AOR <2.0). Using contemporary data from 2007 to 2009, the in-hospital mortality was analyzed according to the classification: class I, 0-0.5 point; class II, 1.0-1.5 points; class III, 2.0-3.0 points; and class IV, ≥3.5 points. During the 8-year period, 105,287 patients underwent bariatric surgery. The operations included laparoscopic gastric bypass (45%), open gastric bypass (41%), and laparoscopic gastric banding or gastroplasty (14%). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was .17%. The number of deaths per 1000 bariatric operations decreased from 4.0 in 2002 to .6 in 2009. Using regression analyses, the factors predictive of greater in-hospital mortality were male gender (AOR 3.2), gastric bypass procedure (AOR 5.8), open surgical technique (AOR 4.8), Medicare payer (AOR 3.0), diabetes (AOR 1.6), and age >60 years (AOR 1.9). The mortality rate was .10% for class I patients, .15% for class II, .33% for class III, and .70% for class IV (P < .05 among all classes). Within the context of academic centers, the mortality after bariatric surgery has decreased substantially since 2002, with an increase in the use of the laparoscopic technique and laparoscopic gastric banding. A bariatric mortality risk classification system was developed to stratify mortality, given the limits of this database, which does not include the body mass index and underestimates the incidence of sleep apnea. It might be useful to aid surgeons in surgical decision-making, to inform patients of their risks, and for quality improvement reporting purposes. Copyright © 2013 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Classification and virtual screening of androgen receptor antagonists.

PubMed

Li, Jiazhong; Gramatica, Paola

2010-05-24

Computational tools, such as quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), are highly useful as screening support for prioritization of substances of very high concern (SVHC). From the practical point of view, QSAR models should be effective to pick out more active rather than inactive compounds, expressed as sensitivity in classification works. This research investigates the classification of a big data set of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs)-androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, mainly aiming to improve the external sensitivity and to screen for potential AR binders. The kNN, lazy IB1, and ADTree methods and the consensus approach were used to build different models, which improve the sensitivity on external chemicals from 57.1% (literature) to 76.4%. Additionally, the models' predictive abilities were further validated on a blind collected data set (sensitivity: 85.7%). Then the proposed classifiers were used: (i) to distinguish a set of AR binders into antagonists and agonists; (ii) to screen a combined estrogen receptor binder database to find out possible chemicals that can bind to both AR and ER; and (iii) to virtually screen our in-house environmental chemical database. The in silico screening results suggest: (i) that some compounds can affect the normal endocrine system through a complex mechanism binding both to ER and AR; (ii) new EDCs, which are nonER binders, but can in silico bind to AR, are recognized; and (iii) about 20% of compounds in a big data set of environmental chemicals are predicted as new AR antagonists. The priority should be given to them to experimentally test the binding activities with AR.

Forest land cover change (1975-2000) in the Greater Border Lakes region

Treesearch

Peter T. Wolter; Brian R. Sturtevant; Brian R. Miranda; Sue M. Lietz; Phillip A. Townsend; John Pastor

2012-01-01

This document and accompanying maps describe land cover classifications and change detection for a 13.8 million ha landscape straddling the border between Minnesota, and Ontario, Canada (greater Border Lakes Region). Land cover classifications focus on discerning Anderson Level II forest and nonforest cover to track spatiotemporal changes in forest cover. Multi-...

9 CFR 145.94 - Terminology and classification; States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... classification; States. (a) U.S. Pullorum-Typhoid Clean State. (1) A State will be declared a U.S. Pullorum-Typhoid Clean State when it has been determined by the Service that: (i) The State is in compliance with...)(i) through (vii). (ii) No pullorum disease or fowl typhoid is known to exist nor to have existed in...

9 CFR 145.94 - Terminology and classification; States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... classification; States. (a) U.S. Pullorum-Typhoid Clean State. (1) A State will be declared a U.S. Pullorum-Typhoid Clean State when it has been determined by the Service that: (i) The State is in compliance with...)(i) through (vii). (ii) No pullorum disease or fowl typhoid is known to exist nor to have existed in...

9 CFR 145.94 - Terminology and classification; States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... classification; States. (a) U.S. Pullorum-Typhoid Clean State. (1) A State will be declared a U.S. Pullorum-Typhoid Clean State when it has been determined by the Service that: (i) The State is in compliance with...)(i) through (vii). (ii) No pullorum disease or fowl typhoid is known to exist nor to have existed in...

Mapping forest types in Worcester County, Maryland, using LANDSAT data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burtis, J., Jr.; Witt, R. G.

1981-01-01

The feasibility of mapping Level 2 forest cover types for a county-sized area on Maryland's Eastern Shore was demonstrated. A Level 1 land use/land cover classification was carried out for all of Worcester County as well. A June 1978 LANDSAT scene was utilized in a classification which employed two software packages on different computers (IDIMS on an HP 3000 and ASTEP-II on a Univac 1108). A twelve category classification scheme was devised for the study area. Resulting products include black and white line printer maps, final color coded classification maps, digitally enhanced color imagery and tabulated acreage statistics for all land use and land cover types.

Generalized Rainich conditions, generalized stress-energy conditions, and the Hawking-Ellis classification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martín–Moruno, Prado; Visser, Matt

2017-11-01

The (generalized) Rainich conditions are algebraic conditions which are polynomial in the (mixed-component) stress-energy tensor. As such they are logically distinct from the usual classical energy conditions (NEC, WEC, SEC, DEC), and logically distinct from the usual Hawking-Ellis (Segré-Plebański) classification of stress-energy tensors (type I, type II, type III, type IV). There will of course be significant inter-connections between these classification schemes, which we explore in the current article. Overall, we shall argue that it is best to view the (generalized) Rainich conditions as a refinement of the classical energy conditions and the usual Hawking-Ellis classification.

CLARIPED: a new tool for risk classification in pediatric emergencies.

PubMed

Magalhães-Barbosa, Maria Clara de; Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo; Alves da Cunha, Antonio José Ledo; Lopes, Cláudia de Souza

2016-09-01

To present a new pediatric risk classification tool, CLARIPED, and describe its development steps. Development steps: (i) first round of discussion among experts, first prototype; (ii) pre-test of reliability, 36 hypothetical cases; (iii) second round of discussion to perform adjustments; (iv) team training; (v) pre-test with patients in real time; (vi) third round of discussion to perform new adjustments; (vii) final pre-test of validity (20% of medical treatments in five days). CLARIPED features five urgency categories: Red (Emergency), Orange (very urgent), Yellow (urgent), Green (little urgent) and Blue (not urgent). The first classification step includes the measurement of four vital signs (Vipe score); the second step consists in the urgency discrimination assessment. Each step results in assigning a color, selecting the most urgent one for the final classification. Each color corresponds to a maximum waiting time for medical care and referral to the most appropriate physical area for the patient's clinical condition. The interobserver agreement was substantial (kappa=0.79) and the final pre-test, with 82 medical treatments, showed good correlation between the proportion of patients in each urgency category and the number of used resources (p<0.001). CLARIPED is an objective and easy-to-use tool for simple risk classification, of which pre-tests suggest good reliability and validity. Larger-scale studies on its validity and reliability in different health contexts are ongoing and can contribute to the implementation of a nationwide pediatric risk classification system. Copyright © 2016 Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo. Publicado por Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Tools and Functions of Reconfigurable Colloidal Assembly.

PubMed

Solomon, Michael J

2018-02-19

We review work in reconfigurable colloidal assembly, a field in which rapid, back-and-forth transitions between the equilibrium states of colloidal self-assembly are accomplished by dynamic manipulation of the size, shape, and interaction potential of colloids, as well as the magnitude and direction of the fields applied to them. It is distinguished from the study of colloidal phase transitions by the centrality of thermodynamic variables and colloidal properties that are time switchable; by the applicability of these changes to generate transitions in assembled colloids that may be spatially localized; and by its incorporation of the effects of generalized potentials due to, for example, applied electric and magnetic fields. By drawing upon current progress in the field, we propose a matrix classification of reconfigurable colloidal systems based on the tool used and function performed by reconfiguration. The classification distinguishes between the multiple means by which reconfigurable assembly can be accomplished (i.e., the tools of reconfiguration) and the different kinds of structural transitions that can be achieved by it (i.e., the functions of reconfiguration). In the first case, the tools of reconfiguration can be broadly classed as (i) those that control the colloidal contribution to the system entropy-as through volumetric and/or shape changes of the particles; (ii) those that control the internal energy of the colloids-as through manipulation of colloidal interaction potentials; and (iii) those that control the spatially resolved potential energy that is imposed on the colloids-as through the introduction of field-induced phoretic mechanisms that yield colloidal displacement and accumulation. In the second case, the functions of reconfiguration include reversible: (i) transformation between different phases-including fluid, cluster, gel, and crystal structures; (ii) manipulation of the spacing between colloids in crystals and clusters; and (iii) translation, rotation, or shape-change of finite-size objects self-assembled from colloids. With this classification in hand, we correlate the current limits on the spatiotemporal scales for reconfigurable colloidal assembly and identify a set of future research challenges.

Subtypes of the Type II Pit Pattern Reflect Distinct Molecular Subclasses in the Serrated Neoplastic Pathway.

PubMed

Aoki, Hironori; Yamamoto, Eiichiro; Yamano, Hiro-O; Sugai, Tamotsu; Kimura, Tomoaki; Tanaka, Yoshihito; Matsushita, Hiro-O; Yoshikawa, Kenjiro; Takagi, Ryo; Harada, Eiji; Nakaoka, Michiko; Yoshida, Yuko; Harada, Taku; Sudo, Gota; Eizuka, Makoto; Yorozu, Akira; Kitajima, Hiroshi; Niinuma, Takeshi; Kai, Masahiro; Nojima, Masanori; Suzuki, Hiromu; Nakase, Hiroshi

2018-03-15

Colorectal serrated lesions (SLs) are important premalignant lesions whose clinical and biological features are not fully understood. We aimed to establish accurate colonoscopic diagnosis and treatment of SLs through evaluation of associations among the morphological, pathological, and molecular characteristics of SLs. A total of 388 premalignant and 18 malignant colorectal lesions were studied. Using magnifying colonoscopy, microsurface structures were assessed based on Kudo's pit pattern classification system, and the Type II pit pattern was subcategorized into classical Type II, Type II-Open (Type II-O) and Type II-Long (Type II-L). BRAF/KRAS mutations and DNA methylation of CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) markers (MINT1, - 2, - 12, - 31, p16, and MLH1) were analyzed through pyrosequencing. Type II-O was tightly associated with sessile serrated adenoma/polyps (SSA/Ps) with BRAF mutation and CIMP-high. Most lesions with simple Type II or Type II-L were hyperplastic polyps, while mixtures of Type II or Type II-L plus more advanced pit patterns (III/IV) were characteristic of traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs). Type II-positive TSAs frequently exhibited BRAF mutation and CIMP-low, while Type II-L-positive TSAs were tightly associated with KRAS mutation and CIMP-low. Analysis of lesions containing both premalignant and cancerous components suggested Type II-L-positive TSAs may develop into KRAS-mutated/CIMP-low/microsatellite stable cancers, while Type II-O-positive SSA/Ps develop into BRAF-mutated/CIMP-high/microsatellite unstable cancers. These results suggest that Type II subtypes reflect distinct molecular subclasses in the serrated neoplasia pathway and that they could be useful hallmarks for identifying SLs at high risk of developing into CRC.

Harry Potter and the curse of headache.

PubMed

Sheftell, Fred; Steiner, Timothy J; Thomas, Hallie

2007-06-01

Headache disorders are common in children and adolescents. Even young male Wizards are disabled by them. In this article we review Harry Potter's headaches as described in the biographical series by JK Rowling. Moreover, we attempt to classify them. Regrettably we are not privy to the Wizard system of classifying headache disorders and are therefore limited to the Muggle method, the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edition (ICHD-II). Harry's headaches are recurrent. Although conforming to a basic stereotype, and constant in location, throughout the 6 years of his adolescence so far described they have shown a tendency to progression. Later descriptions include a range of accompanying symptoms. Despite some quite unusual features, they meet all but one of the ICHD-II criteria for migraine, so allowing the diagnosis of 1.6 Probable migraine.

Medical devices; immunology and microbiology devices; classification of John Cunningham Virus serological reagents. Final order.

PubMed

2014-01-23

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is classifying John Cunningham Virus (JCV) serological reagents into class II (special controls). The Agency is classifying the device into class II (special controls) in order to provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device.

75 FR 70112 - Medical Devices; General and Plastic Surgery Devices; Classification of Non-Powered Suction...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-17

... Suction Apparatus Device Intended for Negative Pressure Wound Therapy AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration...- powered suction apparatus device intended for negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) into class II... ``Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Non-Powered Suction Apparatus Device Intended for Negative...

78 FR 5327 - Medical Devices; Ophthalmic Devices; Classification of the Scleral Plug

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-25

... Agency) is proposing to classify the scleral plug into class II (special controls), and proposing to... controls needed to provide reasonable assurance of their safety and effectiveness. The three categories of devices are class I (general controls), class II (special controls), and class III (premarket approval...

A comprehensive classification of galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: how to tell true from fake AGN?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cid Fernandes, R.; Stasińska, G.; Mateus, A.; Vale Asari, N.

2011-05-01

We use the WHα versus [N II]/Hα (WHAN) diagram introduced by us in previous work to provide a comprehensive emission-line classification of Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies. This classification is able to cope with the large population of weak line galaxies that do not appear in traditional diagrams due to a lack of some of the diagnostic lines. A further advantage of the WHAN diagram is to allow the differentiation between two very distinct classes that overlap in the low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) region of traditional diagnostic diagrams. These are galaxies hosting a weakly active galactic nucleus (wAGN) and 'retired galaxies' (RGs), i.e. galaxies that have stopped forming stars and are ionized by their hot low-mass evolved stars. A useful criterion to distinguish true from fake AGN (i.e. the RGs) is the value of ξ, which measures the ratio of the extinction-corrected Hα luminosity with respect to the Hα luminosity expected from photoionization by stellar populations older than 108 yr. We find that ξ follows a markedly bimodal distribution, with a ξ≫ 1 population composed by systems undergoing star formation and/or nuclear activity, and a peak at ξ˜ 1 corresponding to the prediction of the RG model. We base our classification scheme not on ξ but on a more readily available and model-independent quantity which provides an excellent observational proxy for ξ: the equivalent width of Hα. Based on the bimodal distribution of WHα, we set the practical division between wAGN and RGs at WHα= 3 Å. Five classes of galaxies are identified within the WHAN diagram: (i) pure star-forming galaxies: ? and WHα > 3 Å; (ii) strong AGN (i.e. Seyferts): ? and WHα > 6 Å; (iii) weak AGN: ? and WHα between 3 and 6 Å; (iv) RGs (i.e. fake AGN): WHα < 3 Å; (v) passive galaxies (actually, lineless galaxies): WHα and W[N II] < 0.5 Å. A comparative analysis of star formation histories and of other physical and observational properties in these different classes of galaxies corroborates our proposed differentiation between RGs and wAGN in the LINER-like family. This analysis also shows similarities between strong and weak AGN on the one hand, and retired and passive galaxies on the other.

Malignancy rates and diagnostic performance of the Bosniak classification for the diagnosis of cystic renal lesions in computed tomography - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Sevcenco, Sabina; Spick, Claudio; Helbich, Thomas H; Heinz, Gertraud; Shariat, Shahrokh F; Klingler, Hans C; Rauchenwald, Michael; Baltzer, Pascal A

2017-06-01

To systematically review the literature on the Bosniak classification system in CT to determine its diagnostic performance to diagnose malignant cystic lesions and the prevalence of malignancy in Bosniak categories. A predefined database search was performed from 1 January 1986 to 18 January 2016. Two independent reviewers extracted data on malignancy rates in Bosniak categories and several covariates using predefined criteria. Study quality was assessed using QUADAS-2. Meta-analysis included data pooling, subgroup analyses, meta-regression and investigation of publication bias. A total of 35 studies, which included 2,578 lesions, were investigated. Data on observer experience, inter-observer variation and technical CT standards were insufficiently reported. The pooled rate of malignancy increased from Bosniak I (3.2 %, 95 % CI 0-6.8, I 2  = 5 %) to Bosniak II (6 %, 95 % CI 2.7-9.3, I 2  = 32 %), IIF (6.7 %, 95 % CI 5-8.4, I 2  = 0 %), III (55.1 %, 95 % CI 45.7-64.5, I 2  = 89 %) and IV (91 %, 95 % CI 87.7-94.2, I 2  = 36). Several study design-related influences on malignancy rates and subsequent diagnostic performance indices were identified. The Bosniak classification is an accurate tool with which to stratify the risk of malignancy in renal cystic lesions. • The Bosniak classification can accurately rule out malignancy. • Specificity remains moderate at 74 % (95 % CI 64-82). • Follow-up examinations should be considered in Bosniak IIF and Bosniak II cysts. • Data on the influence of reader experience and inter-reader variability are insufficient. • Technical CT standards and publication year did not influence diagnostic performance.

Just-in-time adaptive classifiers-part II: designing the classifier.

PubMed

Alippi, Cesare; Roveri, Manuel

2008-12-01

Aging effects, environmental changes, thermal drifts, and soft and hard faults affect physical systems by changing their nature and behavior over time. To cope with a process evolution adaptive solutions must be envisaged to track its dynamics; in this direction, adaptive classifiers are generally designed by assuming the stationary hypothesis for the process generating the data with very few results addressing nonstationary environments. This paper proposes a methodology based on k-nearest neighbor (NN) classifiers for designing adaptive classification systems able to react to changing conditions just-in-time (JIT), i.e., exactly when it is needed. k-NN classifiers have been selected for their computational-free training phase, the possibility to easily estimate the model complexity k and keep under control the computational complexity of the classifier through suitable data reduction mechanisms. A JIT classifier requires a temporal detection of a (possible) process deviation (aspect tackled in a companion paper) followed by an adaptive management of the knowledge base (KB) of the classifier to cope with the process change. The novelty of the proposed approach resides in the general framework supporting the real-time update of the KB of the classification system in response to novel information coming from the process both in stationary conditions (accuracy improvement) and in nonstationary ones (process tracking) and in providing a suitable estimate of k. It is shown that the classification system grants consistency once the change targets the process generating the data in a new stationary state, as it is the case in many real applications.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schmidt, Edward G., E-mail: eschmidt1@unl.edu

We have obtained VR photometry of 447 Cepheid variable star candidates with declinations north of -14 Degree-Sign 30', most of which were identified using the Northern Sky Variability Survey (NSVS) data archive. Periods and other photometric properties were derived from the combination of our data with the NSVS data. Atmospheric parameters were determined for 81 of these stars from low-resolution spectra. The identification of type II Cepheids based on the data presented in all four papers in this series is discussed. On the basis of spectra, 30 type II Cepheids were identified while 53 variables were identified as cool, mainmore » sequence stars and 283 as red giants following the definitions in Paper III. An additional 30 type II Cepheids were identified on the basis of light curves. The present classifications are compared with those from the Machine-learned All Sky Automated Survey Classification Catalog for 174 stars in common.« less

Orthopedic devices; classification for the resorbable calcium salt bone void filler device. Final rule.

PubMed

2003-06-02

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is classifying the resorbable calcium salt bone void filler device intended to fill bony voids or gaps of the extremities, spine, and pelvis that are caused by trauma or surgery and are not intrinsic to the stability of the bony structure into class II (special controls). Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is announcing the availability of a class II special controls guidance entitled "Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Resorbable Calcium Salt Bone Void Filler Device; Guidance for Industry and FDA." This action is being undertaken based on new information submitted in a classification proposal from Wright Medical Technology under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act as amended by the Medical Device Amendments of 1976, the Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990, and the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997.

Comparison of clinical causes of death with autopsy diagnosis using discrepency classification.

PubMed

Ullah, Khalil; Alamgir, Wasim

2006-12-01

To determine the usefulness of autopsy findings in the quality improvement of patients care. An observational study. Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Kharian, a tertiary care hospital, from January 2001 to December 2003. The clinical and necropsy findings of all the cases, who died in hospital and had undergone autopsy examination at CMH, Kharian, from January 2001 to December 2003, were retrieved from record of clinical case sheet data and autopsy record of the hospital. The two were analyzed and compared according to the discrepancy classification. The exclusion and inclusion criteria, the international classification of disease (ICD) to code deaths, the global burden of disease (GBD) system to classify and group diseases, and the Goldman discrepancy classification to compare clinical and autopsy diagnosis and classify the discrepancies, were used as described. The death rate varied from 0.94% to 1.29% and autopsy rate from 4.69% to 10.10% annually between January 2001 and December 2003. The number of cases classified according to GBD system was 3 (5%) in Group 1, 26 (43.33 %) in Group 2 and 31 (51.66 %) in Group 3. The discrepancy classes included 9 (15 %) class I major discrepancies and 3 (5 %) class II major discrepancies. Non-discrepant diagnosis was seen in 37 cases (61.66 %) and 11 cases (18.32 %) were non-classifiable. This study showed the usefulness of autopsy findings in the quality improvement of the diagnosis and management of the disease by showing only a minority of cases with discrepant diagnosis of the cause of death.

Transoral oropharyngeal resection classification: Proposal of the SCORL working group.

PubMed

Virós Porcuna, David; Avilés Jurado, Francisco; Pollán Guisasola, Carlos; Ramírez Ruiz, Rosa Delia; García Lorenzo, Jacinto; Tobed Secall, Marc; Vilaseca González, Isabel; Costa González, José Miguel; Soteras Olle, Josep; Casamitjana Claramunt, Francesc; Sumarroca Trouboul, Anna; Hijano Esqué, Rafael; Viscasillas Pallàs, Guillem; Mañós Pujol, Manel; Quer Agustí, Miquel

There has been a very significant increase in the use of minimally invasive surgery has in the last decade. In order to provide a common language after transoral surgery of the oropharynx, a system for classifying resections has been created in this area, regardless of the instrumentation used. From the Oncology Working Group of the Catalan Society of Otorhinolaryngology, a proposal for classification based on a topographical division of the different areas of the oropharynx is presented, as also based on the invasion of the related structures according to the anatomical routes of extension of these tumours. The classification starts using the letter D or I according to laterality either right (D) or left (I). The number of the resected area is then placed. This numbering defines the zones beginning at the cranial level where area I would be the soft palate, lateral area II in the tonsillar area, area III in the tongue base, area IV in the glossoepiglottic folds, epiglottis and pharyngoepiglottic folds, area V posterior oropharyngeal wall and VI the retromolar trigone. The suffix p is added if the resection deeply affects the submucosal plane of the compromised area. The different proposed areas would, in theory, have different functional implications. Proposal for a system of classification by area to definedifferent types of transoral surgery of the oropharynx, and enable as sharing of results and helps in teaching this type of technique. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello. All rights reserved.

Reliability of a novel, semi-quantitative scale for classification of structural brain magnetic resonance imaging in children with cerebral palsy.

PubMed

Fiori, Simona; Cioni, Giovanni; Klingels, Katrjin; Ortibus, Els; Van Gestel, Leen; Rose, Stephen; Boyd, Roslyn N; Feys, Hilde; Guzzetta, Andrea

2014-09-01

To describe the development of a novel rating scale for classification of brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to assess its interrater and intrarater reliability. The scale consists of three sections. Section 1 contains descriptive information about the patient and MRI. Section 2 contains the graphical template of brain hemispheres onto which the lesion is transposed. Section 3 contains the scoring system for the quantitative analysis of the lesion characteristics, grouped into different global scores and subscores that assess separately side, regions, and depth. A larger interrater and intrarater reliability study was performed in 34 children with CP (22 males, 12 females; mean age at scan of 9 y 5 mo [SD 3 y 3 mo], range 4 y-16 y 11 mo; Gross Motor Function Classification System level I, [n=22], II [n=10], and level III [n=2]). Very high interrater and intrarater reliability of the total score was found with indices above 0.87. Reliability coefficients of the lobar and hemispheric subscores ranged between 0.53 and 0.95. Global scores for hemispheres, basal ganglia, brain stem, and corpus callosum showed reliability coefficients above 0.65. This study presents the first visual, semi-quantitative scale for classification of brain structural MRI in children with CP. The high degree of reliability of the scale supports its potential application for investigating the relationship between brain structure and function and examining treatment response according to brain lesion severity in children with CP. © 2014 Mac Keith Press.

Random forest wetland classification using ALOS-2 L-band, RADARSAT-2 C-band, and TerraSAR-X imagery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mahdianpari, Masoud; Salehi, Bahram; Mohammadimanesh, Fariba; Motagh, Mahdi

2017-08-01

Wetlands are important ecosystems around the world, although they are degraded due both to anthropogenic and natural process. Newfoundland is among the richest Canadian province in terms of different wetland classes. Herbaceous wetlands cover extensive areas of the Avalon Peninsula, which are the habitat of a number of animal and plant species. In this study, a novel hierarchical object-based Random Forest (RF) classification approach is proposed for discriminating between different wetland classes in a sub-region located in the north eastern portion of the Avalon Peninsula. Particularly, multi-polarization and multi-frequency SAR data, including X-band TerraSAR-X single polarized (HH), L-band ALOS-2 dual polarized (HH/HV), and C-band RADARSAT-2 fully polarized images, were applied in different classification levels. First, a SAR backscatter analysis of different land cover types was performed by training data and used in Level-I classification to separate water from non-water classes. This was followed by Level-II classification, wherein the water class was further divided into shallow- and deep-water classes, and the non-water class was partitioned into herbaceous and non-herbaceous classes. In Level-III classification, the herbaceous class was further divided into bog, fen, and marsh classes, while the non-herbaceous class was subsequently partitioned into urban, upland, and swamp classes. In Level-II and -III classifications, different polarimetric decomposition approaches, including Cloude-Pottier, Freeman-Durden, Yamaguchi decompositions, and Kennaugh matrix elements were extracted to aid the RF classifier. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient were determined in each classification level for evaluating the classification results. The importance of input features was also determined using the variable importance obtained by RF. It was found that the Kennaugh matrix elements, Yamaguchi, and Freeman-Durden decompositions were the most important parameters for wetland classification in this study. Using this new hierarchical RF classification approach, an overall accuracy of up to 94% was obtained for classifying different land cover types in the study area.

Creating a Canonical Scientific and Technical Information Classification System for NCSTRL+

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tiffany, Melissa E.; Nelson, Michael L.

1998-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to describe the new subject classification system for the NCSTRL+ project. NCSTRL+ is a canonical digital library (DL) based on the Networked Computer Science Technical Report Library (NCSTRL). The current NCSTRL+ classification system uses the NASA Scientific and Technical (STI) subject classifications, which has a bias towards the aerospace, aeronautics, and engineering disciplines. Examination of other scientific and technical information classification systems showed similar discipline-centric weaknesses. Traditional, library-oriented classification systems represented all disciplines, but were too generalized to serve the needs of a scientific and technically oriented digital library. Lack of a suitable existing classification system led to the creation of a lightweight, balanced, general classification system that allows the mapping of more specialized classification schemes into the new framework. We have developed the following classification system to give equal weight to all STI disciplines, while being compact and lightweight.

Relating DSM-5 section II and section III personality disorder diagnostic classification systems to treatment planning.

PubMed

Morey, Leslie C; Benson, Kathryn T

2016-07-01

Beginning with DSM-III, the inclusion of a "personality" axis was designed to encourage awareness of personality disorders and the treatment-related implications of individual differences, but since that time there is little accumulated evidence that the personality disorder categories provide substantial treatment-related guidance. The DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group sought to develop an Alternative Model for personality disorder, and this study examined whether this model is more closely related to clinicians' decision-making processes than the traditional categorical personality disorder diagnoses. A national sample of 337 clinicians provided complete personality disorder diagnostic information and several treatment-related clinical judgments about one of their patients. The dimensional concepts of the DSM-5 Alternative Model for personality disorders demonstrated stronger relationships than categorical DSM-IV/DSM-5 Section II diagnoses to 10 of 11 clinical judgments regarding differential treatment planning, optimal treatment intensity, and long-term prognosis. The constructs of the DSM-5 Alternative Model for personality disorders may provide more clinically useful information for treatment planning than the official categorical personality disorder diagnostic system retained in DSM-5 Section II. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

9 CFR 145.34 - Terminology and classification; States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... classification; States. (a) U.S. Pullorum-Typhoid-Clean State. (1) A State will be declared a U.S. Pullorum-Typhoid Clean State when it has been determined by the Service that: (i) The State is in compliance with... § 145.93(b)(3)(i) through (vii). (ii) No pullorum disease or fowl typhoid is known to exist nor to have...

9 CFR 145.24 - Terminology and classification; States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... classification; States. (a) U.S. Pullorum-Typhoid Clean State. (1) A State will be declared a U.S. Pullorum-Typhoid Clean State when it has been determined by the Service that: (i) The State is in compliance with... § 145.93(b)(3)(i) through (vii). (ii) No pullorum disease or fowl typhoid is known to exist nor to have...

9 CFR 145.34 - Terminology and classification; States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... classification; States. (a) U.S. Pullorum-Typhoid-Clean State. (1) A State will be declared a U.S. Pullorum-Typhoid Clean State when it has been determined by the Service that: (i) The State is in compliance with... § 145.93(b)(3)(i) through (vii). (ii) No pullorum disease or fowl typhoid is known to exist nor to have...

9 CFR 145.24 - Terminology and classification; States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... classification; States. (a) U.S. Pullorum-Typhoid Clean State. (1) A State will be declared a U.S. Pullorum-Typhoid Clean State when it has been determined by the Service that: (i) The State is in compliance with... § 145.93(b)(3)(i) through (vii). (ii) No pullorum disease or fowl typhoid is known to exist nor to have...

9 CFR 145.34 - Terminology and classification; States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... classification; States. (a) U.S. Pullorum-Typhoid-Clean State. (1) A State will be declared a U.S. Pullorum-Typhoid Clean State when it has been determined by the Service that: (i) The State is in compliance with... § 145.93(b)(3)(i) through (vii). (ii) No pullorum disease or fowl typhoid is known to exist nor to have...

9 CFR 145.24 - Terminology and classification; States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... classification; States. (a) U.S. Pullorum-Typhoid Clean State. (1) A State will be declared a U.S. Pullorum-Typhoid Clean State when it has been determined by the Service that: (i) The State is in compliance with... § 145.93(b)(3)(i) through (vii). (ii) No pullorum disease or fowl typhoid is known to exist nor to have...

Feasibility of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for classification of sea salts.

PubMed

Tan, Man Minh; Cui, Sheng; Yoo, Jonghyun; Han, Song-Hee; Ham, Kyung-Sik; Nam, Sang-Ho; Lee, Yonghoon

2012-03-01

We have investigated the feasibility of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as a fast, reliable classification tool for sea salts. For 11 kinds of sea salts, potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and aluminum (Al), concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and the LIBS spectra were recorded in the narrow wavelength region between 760 and 800 nm where K (I), Mg (I), Ca (II), Al (I), and cyanide (CN) band emissions are observed. The ICP-AES measurements revealed that the K, Mg, Ca, and Al concentrations varied significantly with the provenance of each salt. The relative intensities of the K (I), Mg (I), Ca (II), and Al (I) peaks observed in the LIBS spectra are consistent with the results using ICP-AES. The principal component analysis of the LIBS spectra provided the score plot with quite a high degree of clustering. This indicates that classification of sea salts by chemometric analysis of LIBS spectra is very promising. Classification models were developed by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and evaluated. In addition, the Al (I) peaks enabled us to discriminate between different production methods of the salts. © 2012 Society for Applied Spectroscopy

Feature generation and representations for protein-protein interaction classification.

PubMed

Lan, Man; Tan, Chew Lim; Su, Jian

2009-10-01

Automatic detecting protein-protein interaction (PPI) relevant articles is a crucial step for large-scale biological database curation. The previous work adopted POS tagging, shallow parsing and sentence splitting techniques, but they achieved worse performance than the simple bag-of-words representation. In this paper, we generated and investigated multiple types of feature representations in order to further improve the performance of PPI text classification task. Besides the traditional domain-independent bag-of-words approach and the term weighting methods, we also explored other domain-dependent features, i.e. protein-protein interaction trigger keywords, protein named entities and the advanced ways of incorporating Natural Language Processing (NLP) output. The integration of these multiple features has been evaluated on the BioCreAtIvE II corpus. The experimental results showed that both the advanced way of using NLP output and the integration of bag-of-words and NLP output improved the performance of text classification. Specifically, in comparison with the best performance achieved in the BioCreAtIvE II IAS, the feature-level and classifier-level integration of multiple features improved the performance of classification 2.71% and 3.95%, respectively.

A novel Brain Computer Interface for classification of social joint attention in autism and comparison of 3 experimental setups: A feasibility study.

PubMed

Amaral, Carlos P; Simões, Marco A; Mouga, Susana; Andrade, João; Castelo-Branco, Miguel

2017-10-01

We present a novel virtual-reality P300-based Brain Computer Interface (BCI) paradigm using social cues to direct the focus of attention. We combined interactive immersive virtual-reality (VR) technology with the properties of P300 signals in a training tool which can be used in social attention disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We tested the novel social attention training paradigm (P300-based BCI paradigm for rehabilitation of joint-attention skills) in 13 healthy participants, in 3 EEG systems. The more suitable setup was tested online with 4 ASD subjects. Statistical accuracy was assessed based on the detection of P300, using spatial filtering and a Naïve-Bayes classifier. We compared: 1 - g.Mobilab+ (active dry-electrodes, wireless transmission); 2 - g.Nautilus (active electrodes, wireless transmission); 3 - V-Amp with actiCAP Xpress dry-electrodes. Significant statistical classification was achieved in all systems. g.Nautilus proved to be the best performing system in terms of accuracy in the detection of P300, preparation time, speed and reported comfort. Proof of concept tests in ASD participants proved that this setup is feasible for training joint attention skills in ASD. This work provides a unique combination of 'easy-to-use' BCI systems with new technologies such as VR to train joint-attention skills in autism. Our P300 BCI paradigm is feasible for future Phase I/II clinical trials to train joint-attention skills, with successful classification within few trials, online in ASD participants. The g.Nautilus system is the best performing one to use with the developed BCI setup. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A Computer-Aided Type-II Fuzzy Image Processing for Diagnosis of Meniscus Tear.

PubMed

Zarandi, M H Fazel; Khadangi, A; Karimi, F; Turksen, I B

2016-12-01

Meniscal tear is one of the prevalent knee disorders among young athletes and the aging population, and requires correct diagnosis and surgical intervention, if necessary. Not only the errors followed by human intervention but also the obstacles of manual meniscal tear detection highlight the need for automatic detection techniques. This paper presents a type-2 fuzzy expert system for meniscal tear diagnosis using PD magnetic resonance images (MRI). The scheme of the proposed type-2 fuzzy image processing model is composed of three distinct modules: Pre-processing, Segmentation, and Classification. λ-nhancement algorithm is used to perform the pre-processing step. For the segmentation step, first, Interval Type-2 Fuzzy C-Means (IT2FCM) is applied to the images, outputs of which are then employed by Interval Type-2 Possibilistic C-Means (IT2PCM) to perform post-processes. Second stage concludes with re-estimation of "η" value to enhance IT2PCM. Finally, a Perceptron neural network with two hidden layers is used for Classification stage. The results of the proposed type-2 expert system have been compared with a well-known segmentation algorithm, approving the superiority of the proposed system in meniscal tear recognition.

Branched-chain amino acids to tyrosine ratio (BTR) predicts intrahepatic distant recurrence and survival for early hepatocellular carcinoma.

PubMed

Ishikawa, Toru; Kubota, Tomoyuki; Horigome, Ryoko; Kimura, Naruhiro; Honda, Hiroki; Iwanaga, Akito; Seki, Keiichi; Honma, Terasu; Yoshida, Toshiaki

2013-01-01

The Child-Pugh classification system is the most widely used system for assessing hepatic functional reserve in HCC treatment. In the Child-Pugh classification system, serum albumin levels are used to accurately assess the status of protein metabolism and nutrition. To date, a lack of attention has been given to amino acid metabolism. In the present study, we investigated whether the branched-chain amino acids to tyrosine ratio (BTR) as an indicator of amino acid metabolism can serve as both a prognostic factor for early HCC and a predictive factor for recurrence. We conducted a cohort study of 50 patients with stage I/II HCC enrolled between May 2002 and December 2010. It was investigated whether BTR can serve as both a prognostic factor and a predictive factor for HCC recurrence. Overall survival rates were significantly higher in patients with high baseline BTR than in those with low BTR. Multivariate analysis showed that both BTR and serum albumin were prognostic factors, and that BTR was the best predictive factor for recurrence. BTR was a prognostic factor for early HCC and the most predictive factor for intrahepatic distant recurrence and contributing factors for survival.

A Generalized Escape System Simulation (GESS) Computer Program. Volume 2. GESS Programmer’s Manual. Version II.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-04-01

Directorate (Code 6032) V NAVAL AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER Warminster, PA 18974 and I David A. Fender KETRON. INC. Warminster, PA 18974 DTlC APRIL 1984 ELECTE FINAL...A. D’Aulerio N62269-81-Z-0206 David A. Fender Task No. 630-1944 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMEN1T PROJECT, TASKAREA A...0102LF01401UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLAWFICATION OF TNIS PAGE (011t1 Die pewed) UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE w JIMu D#& Ent:ed) 9. Continued Louis A

Current Scientific Approaches to Decision Making in Complex Systems: 3. Volume 1. Conference Proceedings. Third Conference, Richmond, Surrey, England, 6-8 August 1978

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

filter and select out. You use your nose - or heuristics. That is just maturity. The only thing we can do is help people discuss possible models of their...Decision models / Conversation Theory Decision training Team decisions Man-computer interaction Learning strategies 2& ANTAACT (Cme1 revere le N nneesmod...paper by Maria Novakowska on a new model of decision under risk. , /V TI I~ 4 A SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF TIS PAOUI(Ves Date EntetQ ii ,ln 1 to hi

[Clinical observation on the different treatments targeted at different types of radial head fracture and radial neck fracture].

PubMed

Zhang, Ying-Ze; Guo, Ming-Ke; Zheng, Zhan-le; Zhang, Qi; Chen, Wei

2009-06-15

To assess the effect of the different treatments targeted at different types of radial head fracture and radial neck fracture. A retrospective study was performed in 87 patients from February 2006 to March 2007. Fifty-four patients with radial head fractures included 36 males and 18 females, aged from 18 to 65 years (the average age was 33); Forty of them resulted from crashing, 8 from traffic injury and 6 from falling injury. According to Mason classification system, there were 15 type I, 23 type II and 16 type III. Thirty-three patients with radial neck fractures included 21 males and 12 females, aged from 9 to 17 years (the average age was 13), 29 of them resulted from crashing, 1 from traffic injury and 3 from falling injury. According to O'Brien classification system, there were 8 type I, 14 type II and 11 type III. Type I of radial head fractures and radial neck fractures were immobilization with cast, the patients with type II of radial head fractures were treated with open reduction and micro-screw or T-trapezoid and bridge-shaped plate fixation and type III had operations to fix with bridge-shaped locked plate and repair the broken annular ligament, or replace heads with prosthesis. All patients with type II and type III of radial neck fractures were treated with closed reduction by leverage and percutaneous intra-medullary nailing. The patients were followed up for 4-12 months (mean 7.2 months). The functional recovery degrees were evaluated with Wheeler's evaluation system. In group of radial head fractures, the results were excellent in 26 patients, good in 20, fair in 6 and poor in 2, the excellent and good rate was 85.2%. In group of radial neck fractures, the results were excellent in 20 patients, good in 9, fair in 4 and poor in no patient, and the excellent and good rate was 87.9%. Different types of fractures should choose different surgical methods according to their characters. The excellent functional recovery depend on anatomical reduction, retaining the head of radius, early repairing and protecting the broken annular ligament of radius, and early functional training.

A web-based land cover classification system based on ontology model of different classification systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Y.; Chen, X.

2016-12-01

Land cover classification systems used in remote sensing image data have been developed to meet the needs for depicting land covers in scientific investigations and policy decisions. However, accuracy assessments of a spate of data sets demonstrate that compared with the real physiognomy, each of the thematic map of specific land cover classification system contains some unavoidable flaws and unintended deviation. This work proposes a web-based land cover classification system, an integrated prototype, based on an ontology model of various classification systems, each of which is assigned the same weight in the final determination of land cover type. Ontology, a formal explication of specific concepts and relations, is employed in this prototype to build up the connections among different systems to resolve the naming conflicts. The process is initialized by measuring semantic similarity between terminologies in the systems and the search key to produce certain set of satisfied classifications, and carries on through searching the predefined relations in concepts of all classification systems to generate classification maps with user-specified land cover type highlighted, based on probability calculated by votes from data sets with different classification system adopted. The present system is verified and validated by comparing the classification results with those most common systems. Due to full consideration and meaningful expression of each classification system using ontology and the convenience that the web brings with itself, this system, as a preliminary model, proposes a flexible and extensible architecture for classification system integration and data fusion, thereby providing a strong foundation for the future work.

Systemic classification for a new diagnostic approach to acute abdominal pain in children.

PubMed

Kim, Ji Hoi; Kang, Hyun Sik; Han, Kyung Hee; Kim, Seung Hyo; Shin, Kyung-Sue; Lee, Mu Suk; Jeong, In Ho; Kim, Young Sil; Kang, Ki-Soo

2014-12-01

With previous methods based on only age and location, there are many difficulties in identifying the etiology of acute abdominal pain in children. We sought to develop a new systematic classification of acute abdominal pain and to give some helps to physicians encountering difficulties in diagnoses. From March 2005 to May 2010, clinical data were collected retrospectively from 442 children hospitalized due to acute abdominal pain with no apparent underlying disease. According to the final diagnoses, diseases that caused acute abdominal pain were classified into nine groups. The nine groups were group I "catastrophic surgical abdomen" (7 patients, 1.6%), group II "acute appendicitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis" (56 patients, 12.7%), group III "intestinal obstruction" (57 patients, 12.9%), group IV "viral and bacterial acute gastroenteritis" (90 patients, 20.4%), group V "peptic ulcer and gastroduodenitis" (66 patients, 14.9%), group VI "hepatobiliary and pancreatic disease" (14 patients, 3.2%), group VII "febrile viral illness and extraintestinal infection" (69 patients, 15.6%), group VIII "functional gastrointestinal disorder (acute manifestation)" (20 patients, 4.5%), and group IX "unclassified acute abdominal pain" (63 patients, 14.3%). Four patients were enrolled in two disease groups each. Patients were distributed unevenly across the nine groups of acute abdominal pain. In particular, the "unclassified abdominal pain" only group was not uncommon. Considering a systemic classification for acute abdominal pain may be helpful in the diagnostic approach in children.

21 CFR 888.3565 - Knee joint patellofemorotibial metal/polymer porous-coated uncemented prosthesis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... type of device is designed to achieve biological fixation to bone without the use of bone cement. This... bearing is rigidly secured to the metal tibial base plate. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls). The special control is FDA's guidance: “Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Knee Joint...

76 FR 34845 - Medical Devices; Ear, Nose, and Throat Devices; Classification of the Wireless Air-Conduction...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-15

... control by other users with a similar medical device. Exposure to non-ionizing radiation Wireless... Administration (FDA) is classifying the wireless air-conduction hearing aid into class II (special controls). The Agency is classifying the device into class II (special controls) in order to provide a reasonable...

Differential Memory Test Sensitivity for Diagnosing Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Predicting Conversion to Alzheimer's Disease

PubMed Central

Rabin, Laura A.; Paré, Nadia; Saykin, Andrew J.; Brown, Michael J.; Wishart, Heather A.; Flashman, Laura A.; Santulli, Robert B.

2011-01-01

Episodic memory is the first and most severely affected cognitive domain in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and it is also the key early marker in prodromal stages including amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The relative ability of memory tests to discriminate between MCI and normal aging has not been well characterized. We compared the classification value of widely used verbal memory tests in distinguishing healthy older adults (n = 51) from those with MCI (n = 38). Univariate logistic regression indicated that the total learning score from the California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II) ranked highest in terms of distinguishing MCI from normal aging (sensitivity = 90.2; specificity = 84.2). Inclusion of the delayed recall condition of a story memory task (i.e., WMS-III Logical Memory, Story A) enhanced the overall accuracy of classification (sensitivity = 92.2; specificity = 94.7). Combining Logical Memory recognition and CVLT-II long delay best predicted progression from MCI to AD over a 4-year period (accurate classification = 87.5%). Learning across multiple trials may provide the most sensitive index for initial diagnosis of MCI, but inclusion of additional variables may enhance overall accuracy and may represent the optimal strategy for identifying individuals most likely to progress to dementia. PMID:19353345

Evaluation of the Sensitivity and Specificity of the New Clinical Diagnostic and Classification Criteria for Kashin-Beck Disease, an Endemic Osteoarthritis, in China.

PubMed

Yu, Fang Fang; Ping, Zhi Guang; Yao, Chong; Wang, Zhi Wen; Wang, Fu Qi; Guo, Xiong

2017-02-01

This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the new clinical diagnostic and classification criteria for Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) using six clinical markers: flexion of the distal part of fingers, deformed fingers, enlarged finger joints, shortened fingers, squat down, and dwarfism. One-third of the total population in Linyou County was sampled by stratified random sampling. The survey included baseline characteristics and clinical diagnoses, and the sensitivity and specificity of the new criteria was evaluated. We identified 3,459 KBD patients, of which 69 had early stage KBD, 1,952 had stage I, 1,132 had stage II, and 306 had stage III. A screening test classified enlarged finger joints as stage I KBD, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.978 and 0.045, respectively. Shortened fingers were classified as stage II KBD, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.969 and 0.844, respectively, and dwarfism was classified as stage III KBD with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.951 and 0.992, respectively. Serial screening test revealed that the new clinical classification of KBD classified stages I, II, and III KBD with sensitivities of 0.949, 0.945, and 0.925 and specificities of 0.967, 0.970, and 0.993, respectively. The screening tests revealed that enlarged finger joints, shortened fingers, and dwarfism were appropriate markers for the clinical diagnosis and classification of KBD with high sensitivity and specificity. Copyright © 2017 The Editorial Board of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences. Published by China CDC. All rights reserved.

42 CFR 412.620 - Patient classification system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Patient classification system. 412.620 Section 412... Inpatient Rehabilitation Hospitals and Rehabilitation Units § 412.620 Patient classification system. (a) Classification methodology. (1) A patient classification system is used to classify patients in inpatient...

42 CFR 412.620 - Patient classification system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Patient classification system. 412.620 Section 412... Inpatient Rehabilitation Hospitals and Rehabilitation Units § 412.620 Patient classification system. (a) Classification methodology. (1) A patient classification system is used to classify patients in inpatient...

The evaluation of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score, poisoning severity score, sequential organ failure assessment score combine with lactate to assess the prognosis of the patients with acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning.

PubMed

Yuan, Shaoxin; Gao, Yusong; Ji, Wenqing; Song, Junshuai; Mei, Xue

2018-05-01

The aim of this study was to assess the ability of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, poisoning severity score (PSS) as well as sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score combining with lactate (Lac) to predict mortality in the Emergency Department (ED) patients who were poisoned with organophosphate.A retrospective review of 59 stands-compliant patients was carried out. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed based on the APACHE II score, PSS, SOFA score with or without Lac, respectively, and the areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) were determined to assess predictive value. According to SOFA-Lac (a combination of SOFA and Lac) classification standard, acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning (AOPP) patients were divided into low-risk and high-risk groups. Then mortality rates were compared between risk levels.Between survivors and non-survivors, there were significant differences in the APACHE II score, PSS, SOFA score, and Lac (all P < .05). The AUCs of the APACHE II score, PSS, and SOFA score were 0.876, 0.811, and 0.837, respectively. However, after combining with Lac, the AUCs were 0.922, 0.878, and 0.956, respectively. According to SOFA-Lac, the mortality of high-risk group was significantly higher than low-risk group (P < .05) and the patients of the non-survival group were all at high risk.These data suggest the APACHE II score, PSS, SOFA score can all predict the prognosis of AOPP patients. For its simplicity and objectivity, the SOFA score is a superior predictor. Lac significantly improved the predictive abilities of the 3 scoring systems, especially for the SOFA score. The SOFA-Lac system effectively distinguished the high-risk group from the low-risk group. Therefore, the SOFA-Lac system is significantly better at predicting mortality in AOPP patients.

APPLEPIPS /Apple Personal Image Processing System/ - An interactive digital image processing system for the Apple II microcomputer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Masuoka, E.; Rose, J.; Quattromani, M.

1981-01-01

Recent developments related to microprocessor-based personal computers have made low-cost digital image processing systems a reality. Image analysis systems built around these microcomputers provide color image displays for images as large as 256 by 240 pixels in sixteen colors. Descriptive statistics can be computed for portions of an image, and supervised image classification can be obtained. The systems support Basic, Fortran, Pascal, and assembler language. A description is provided of a system which is representative of the new microprocessor-based image processing systems currently on the market. While small systems may never be truly independent of larger mainframes, because they lack 9-track tape drives, the independent processing power of the microcomputers will help alleviate some of the turn-around time problems associated with image analysis and display on the larger multiuser systems.

Pathology-Based Approach to Seizure Outcome After Surgery for Pharmacoresistant Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

PubMed

Martinoni, Matteo; Berti, Pier Paolo; Marucci, Gianluca; Rubboli, Guido; Volpi, Lilia; Riguzzi, Patrizia; Marliani, Federica; Toni, Francesco; Bisulli, Francesca; Tinuper, Paolo; Michelucci, Roberto; Baruzzi, Agostino; Giulioni, Marco

2016-06-01

Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is the most common cause of drug-resistant medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Structural abnormalities such as HS, granule cell pathology (GCP), and focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) have been classified histopathologically, possibly allowing a more accurate assessment of prognostic seizure and neuropsychologic outcomes. We correlated seizure outcome with comprehensive temporal lobe pathologic findings, identified according to the most recent classification systems of HS, GCP, and FCD. All the 83 patients who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) for drug-resistant MTLE and with a proven diagnosis of HS between April 2001 and May 2014 were collected. Patients were divided in 2 main groups: 1) isolated HS with/without GCP (HS +/- GCP); and 2) HS associated with FCD with/without GCP (HS+FCD +/- GCP). Patients were followed up at least 1 year, and seizure outcome was reported in accordance with Engel classification. Group I: HS +/- GCP: Statistical analysis confirmed a better outcome in HS + GCP patients than in HS-no GCP (P < 0.05). Moreover, a better outcome for the patients affected by GCP type I was observed (P < 0.05). Group II: HS+FCD +/- GCP: Patients with HS variant type I presented a better seizure outcome than the patients with HS type II (Engel class IA HS type I vs. type II: 69% vs. 40%). A pathology-based approach to epilepsy surgery might improve the interpretation of the results, could predict which cases will enjoy a better seizure outcome, and could help to the comprehension of the causes of failures. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Effects of Japan’s Apology for World War II Atrocities on Regional Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

textbooks and by government officials visiting Yasukuni Shrine, where Japan’s war dead are commemorated. The Japanese counter that they have offered... textbooks , Yasukuni War Shrine, Japan Apology, Article 9. 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT Unclassified 18. SECURITY...World War II. They assert that Japan feels no remorse, as evidenced by treatment of World War II in Japanese school textbooks and by government

21 CFR 868.1800 - Rhinoanemometer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... DEVICES ANESTHESIOLOGY DEVICES Diagnostic Devices § 868.1800 Rhinoanemometer. (a) Identification. A... differential pressure across, a patient's nasal passages. (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards). ...

Determination of Classification Accuracy for Land Use/cover Types Using Landsat-Tm Spot-Mss and Multipolarized and Multi-Channel Synthetic Aperture Radar

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dondurur, Mehmet

The primary objective of this study was to determine the degree to which modern SAR systems can be used to obtain information about the Earth's vegetative resources. Information obtainable from microwave synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data was compared with that obtainable from LANDSAT-TM and SPOT data. Three hypotheses were tested: (a) Classification of land cover/use from SAR data can be accomplished on a pixel-by-pixel basis with the same overall accuracy as from LANDSAT-TM and SPOT data. (b) Classification accuracy for individual land cover/use classes will differ between sensors. (c) Combining information derived from optical and SAR data into an integrated monitoring system will improve overall and individual land cover/use class accuracies. The study was conducted with three data sets for the Sleeping Bear Dunes test site in the northwestern part of Michigan's lower peninsula, including an October 1982 LANDSAT-TM scene, a June 1989 SPOT scene and C-, L- and P-Band radar data from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory AIRSAR. Reference data were derived from the Michigan Resource Information System (MIRIS) and available color infrared aerial photos. Classification and rectification of data sets were done using ERDAS Image Processing Programs. Classification algorithms included Maximum Likelihood, Mahalanobis Distance, Minimum Spectral Distance, ISODATA, Parallelepiped, and Sequential Cluster Analysis. Classified images were rectified as necessary so that all were at the same scale and oriented north-up. Results were analyzed with contingency tables and percent correctly classified (PCC) and Cohen's Kappa (CK) as accuracy indices using CSLANT and ImagePro programs developed for this study. Accuracy analyses were based upon a 1.4 by 6.5 km area with its long axis east-west. Reference data for this subscene total 55,770 15 by 15 m pixels with sixteen cover types, including seven level III forest classes, three level III urban classes, two level II range classes, two water classes, one wetland class and one agriculture class. An initial analysis was made without correcting the 1978 MIRIS reference data to the different dates of the TM, SPOT and SAR data sets. In this analysis, highest overall classification accuracy (PCC) was 87% with the TM data set, with both SPOT and C-Band SAR at 85%, a difference statistically significant at the 0.05 level. When the reference data were corrected for land cover change between 1978 and 1991, classification accuracy with the C-Band SAR data increased to 87%. Classification accuracy differed from sensor to sensor for individual land cover classes, Combining sensors into hypothetical multi-sensor systems resulted in higher accuracies than for any single sensor. Combining LANDSAT -TM and C-Band SAR yielded an overall classification accuracy (PCC) of 92%. The results of this study indicate that C-Band SAR data provide an acceptable substitute for LANDSAT-TM or SPOT data when land cover information is desired of areas where cloud cover obscures the terrain. Even better results can be obtained by integrating TM and C-Band SAR data into a multi-sensor system.

Intra- and Interobserver Reliability of Three Classification Systems for Hallux Rigidus.

PubMed

Dillard, Sarita; Schilero, Christina; Chiang, Sharon; Pham, Peter

2018-04-18

There are over ten classification systems currently used in the staging of hallux rigidus. This results in confusion and inconsistency with radiographic interpretation and treatment. The reliability of hallux rigidus classification systems has not yet been tested. The purpose of this study was to evaluate intra- and interobserver reliability using three commonly used classifications for hallux rigidus. Twenty-one plain radiograph sets were presented to ten ACFAS board-certified foot and ankle surgeons. Each physician classified each radiograph based on clinical experience and knowledge according to the Regnauld, Roukis, and Hattrup and Johnson classification systems. The two-way mixed single-measure consistency intraclass correlation was used to calculate intra- and interrater reliability. The intrarater reliability of individual sets for the Roukis and Hattrup and Johnson classification systems was "fair to good" (Roukis, 0.62±0.19; Hattrup and Johnson, 0.62±0.28), whereas the intrarater reliability of individual sets for the Regnauld system bordered between "fair to good" and "poor" (0.43±0.24). The interrater reliability of the mean classification was "excellent" for all three classification systems. Conclusions Reliable and reproducible classification systems are essential for treatment and prognostic implications in hallux rigidus. In our study, Roukis classification system had the best intrarater reliability. Although there are various classification systems for hallux rigidus, our results indicate that all three of these classification systems show reliability and reproducibility.

A neural network approach for enhancing information extraction from multispectral image data

USGS Publications Warehouse

Liu, J.; Shao, G.; Zhu, H.; Liu, S.

2005-01-01

A back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN) was applied to classify multispectral remote sensing imagery data. The classification procedure included four steps: (i) noisy training that adds minor random variations to the sampling data to make the data more representative and to reduce the training sample size; (ii) iterative or multi-tier classification that reclassifies the unclassified pixels by making a subset of training samples from the original training set, which means the neural model can focus on fewer classes; (iii) spectral channel selection based on neural network weights that can distinguish the relative importance of each channel in the classification process to simplify the ANN model; and (iv) voting rules that adjust the accuracy of classification and produce outputs of different confidence levels. The Purdue Forest, located west of Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, was chosen as the test site. The 1992 Landsat thematic mapper imagery was used as the input data. High-quality airborne photographs of the same Lime period were used for the ground truth. A total of 11 land use and land cover classes were defined, including water, broadleaved forest, coniferous forest, young forest, urban and road, and six types of cropland-grassland. The experiment, indicated that the back-propagation neural network application was satisfactory in distinguishing different land cover types at US Geological Survey levels II-III. The single-tier classification reached an overall accuracy of 85%. and the multi-tier classification an overall accuracy of 95%. For the whole test, region, the final output of this study reached an overall accuracy of 87%. ?? 2005 CASI.

78 FR 18252 - Prevailing Rate Systems; North American Industry Classification System Based Federal Wage System...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-26

...-AM78 Prevailing Rate Systems; North American Industry Classification System Based Federal Wage System... 2007 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes currently used in Federal Wage System... (OPM) issued a final rule (73 FR 45853) to update the 2002 North American Industry Classification...

Alignment of classification paradigms for communication abilities in children with cerebral palsy.

PubMed

Hustad, Katherine C; Oakes, Ashley; McFadd, Emily; Allison, Kristen M

2016-06-01

We examined three communication ability classification paradigms for children with cerebral palsy (CP): the Communication Function Classification System (CFCS), the Viking Speech Scale (VSS), and the Speech Language Profile Groups (SLPG). Questions addressed interjudge reliability, whether the VSS and the CFCS captured impairments in speech and language, and whether there were differences in speech intelligibility among levels within each classification paradigm. Eighty children (42 males, 38 females) with a range of types and severity levels of CP participated (mean age 60mo, range 50-72mo [SD 5mo]). Two speech-language pathologists classified each child via parent-child interaction samples and previous experience with the children for the CFCS and VSS, and using quantitative speech and language assessment data for the SLPG. Intelligibility scores were obtained using standard clinical intelligibility measurement. Kappa values were 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55-0.79) for the CFCS, 0.82 (95% CI 0.72-0.92) for the VSS, and 0.95 (95% CI 0.72-0.92) for the SLPG. Descriptively, reliability within levels of each paradigm varied, with the lowest agreement occurring within the CFCS at levels II (42%), III (40%), and IV (61%). Neither the CFCS nor the VSS were sensitive to language impairments captured by the SLPG. Significant differences in speech intelligibility were found among levels for all classification paradigms. Multiple tools are necessary to understand speech, language, and communication profiles in children with CP. Characterization of abilities at all levels of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health will advance our understanding of the ways that speech, language, and communication abilities present in children with CP. © 2015 Mac Keith Press.

21 CFR 864.7425 - Carboxyhemoglobin assay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... the diagnosis of carbon monoxide poisoning. This measurement may be made using methods such as spectroscopy, colorimetry, spectrophotometry, and gasometry. (b) Classification. Class II (performance...

21 CFR 884.6130 - Assisted reproduction microtools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... embryos for assisted hatching, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), or other assisted reproduction methods. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls) (mouse embryo assay information, endotoxin...

21 CFR 884.6130 - Assisted reproduction microtools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... embryos for assisted hatching, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), or other assisted reproduction methods. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls) (mouse embryo assay information, endotoxin...

21 CFR 884.6130 - Assisted reproduction microtools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... embryos for assisted hatching, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), or other assisted reproduction methods. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls) (mouse embryo assay information, endotoxin...

21 CFR 884.6130 - Assisted reproduction microtools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... embryos for assisted hatching, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), or other assisted reproduction methods. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls) (mouse embryo assay information, endotoxin...

21 CFR 884.6130 - Assisted reproduction microtools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... embryos for assisted hatching, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), or other assisted reproduction methods. (b) Classification. Class II (special controls) (mouse embryo assay information, endotoxin...

An unusual otoscopic finding associated with a type II first branchial cleft anomaly.

PubMed

Ebelhar, A J; Potts, K

2012-03-01

We report an interesting case involving a child with a branchial cleft anomaly with two fistulous tracts, one of which was associated with an unusual otoscopic finding. A seven-year-old girl presented with an apparent type II first branchial cleft cyst after an acute infection. Parotidectomy and excision of the tract were performed, with subsequent development of pre-auricular swelling three months later. Further surgery was performed to remove a second duplication anomaly of the external auditory canal. Otomicroscopy showed a fibrous band arising from the wall of the canal and attached to the tympanic membrane at the umbo. Otoscopic findings on physical examination can be important diagnostic clues in the early recognition of branchial cleft anomalies. The classification system proposed by Work may fail to describe some branchial cleft lesions.

Automating curation using a natural language processing pipeline

PubMed Central

Alex, Beatrice; Grover, Claire; Haddow, Barry; Kabadjov, Mijail; Klein, Ewan; Matthews, Michael; Tobin, Richard; Wang, Xinglong

2008-01-01

Background: The tasks in BioCreative II were designed to approximate some of the laborious work involved in curating biomedical research papers. The approach to these tasks taken by the University of Edinburgh team was to adapt and extend the existing natural language processing (NLP) system that we have developed as part of a commercial curation assistant. Although this paper concentrates on using NLP to assist with curation, the system can be equally employed to extract types of information from the literature that is immediately relevant to biologists in general. Results: Our system was among the highest performing on the interaction subtasks, and competitive performance on the gene mention task was achieved with minimal development effort. For the gene normalization task, a string matching technique that can be quickly applied to new domains was shown to perform close to average. Conclusion: The technologies being developed were shown to be readily adapted to the BioCreative II tasks. Although high performance may be obtained on individual tasks such as gene mention recognition and normalization, and document classification, tasks in which a number of components must be combined, such as detection and normalization of interacting protein pairs, are still challenging for NLP systems. PMID:18834488

Biological attachment devices: exploring nature's diversity for biomimetics.

PubMed

Gorb, Stanislav N

2008-05-13

Many species of animals and plants are supplied with diverse attachment devices, in which morphology depends on the species biology and the particular function in which the attachment device is involved. Many functional solutions have evolved independently in different lineages of animals and plants. Since the diversity of such biological structures is huge, there is a need for their classification. This paper, based on the original and literature data, proposes ordering of biological attachment systems according to several principles: (i) fundamental physical mechanism, according to which the system operates, (ii) biological function of the attachment device, and (iii) duration of the contact. Finally, we show a biomimetic potential of studies on biological attachment devices.

Stratification of the severity of critically ill patients with classification trees

PubMed Central

2009-01-01

Background Development of three classification trees (CT) based on the CART (Classification and Regression Trees), CHAID (Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detection) and C4.5 methodologies for the calculation of probability of hospital mortality; the comparison of the results with the APACHE II, SAPS II and MPM II-24 scores, and with a model based on multiple logistic regression (LR). Methods Retrospective study of 2864 patients. Random partition (70:30) into a Development Set (DS) n = 1808 and Validation Set (VS) n = 808. Their properties of discrimination are compared with the ROC curve (AUC CI 95%), Percent of correct classification (PCC CI 95%); and the calibration with the Calibration Curve and the Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR CI 95%). Results CTs are produced with a different selection of variables and decision rules: CART (5 variables and 8 decision rules), CHAID (7 variables and 15 rules) and C4.5 (6 variables and 10 rules). The common variables were: inotropic therapy, Glasgow, age, (A-a)O2 gradient and antecedent of chronic illness. In VS: all the models achieved acceptable discrimination with AUC above 0.7. CT: CART (0.75(0.71-0.81)), CHAID (0.76(0.72-0.79)) and C4.5 (0.76(0.73-0.80)). PCC: CART (72(69-75)), CHAID (72(69-75)) and C4.5 (76(73-79)). Calibration (SMR) better in the CT: CART (1.04(0.95-1.31)), CHAID (1.06(0.97-1.15) and C4.5 (1.08(0.98-1.16)). Conclusion With different methodologies of CTs, trees are generated with different selection of variables and decision rules. The CTs are easy to interpret, and they stratify the risk of hospital mortality. The CTs should be taken into account for the classification of the prognosis of critically ill patients. PMID:20003229

Neural network-based systems for handprint OCR applications.

PubMed

Ganis, M D; Wilson, C L; Blue, J L

1998-01-01

Over the last five years or so, neural network (NN)-based approaches have been steadily gaining performance and popularity for a wide range of optical character recognition (OCR) problems, from isolated digit recognition to handprint recognition. We present an NN classification scheme based on an enhanced multilayer perceptron (MLP) and describe an end-to-end system for form-based handprint OCR applications designed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Visual Image Processing Group. The enhancements to the MLP are based on (i) neuron activations functions that reduce the occurrences of singular Jacobians; (ii) successive regularization to constrain the volume of the weight space; and (iii) Boltzmann pruning to constrain the dimension of the weight space. Performance characterization studies of NN systems evaluated at the first OCR systems conference and the NIST form-based handprint recognition system are also summarized.

Evaluating data mining algorithms using molecular dynamics trajectories.

PubMed

Tatsis, Vasileios A; Tjortjis, Christos; Tzirakis, Panagiotis

2013-01-01

Molecular dynamics simulations provide a sample of a molecule's conformational space. Experiments on the mus time scale, resulting in large amounts of data, are nowadays routine. Data mining techniques such as classification provide a way to analyse such data. In this work, we evaluate and compare several classification algorithms using three data sets which resulted from computer simulations, of a potential enzyme mimetic biomolecule. We evaluated 65 classifiers available in the well-known data mining toolkit Weka, using 'classification' errors to assess algorithmic performance. Results suggest that: (i) 'meta' classifiers perform better than the other groups, when applied to molecular dynamics data sets; (ii) Random Forest and Rotation Forest are the best classifiers for all three data sets; and (iii) classification via clustering yields the highest classification error. Our findings are consistent with bibliographic evidence, suggesting a 'roadmap' for dealing with such data.

Bioinformatics analyses of Shigella CRISPR structure and spacer classification.

PubMed

Wang, Pengfei; Zhang, Bing; Duan, Guangcai; Wang, Yingfang; Hong, Lijuan; Wang, Linlin; Guo, Xiangjiao; Xi, Yuanlin; Yang, Haiyan

2016-03-01

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are inheritable genetic elements of a variety of archaea and bacteria and indicative of the bacterial ecological adaptation, conferring acquired immunity against invading foreign nucleic acids. Shigella is an important pathogen for anthroponosis. This study aimed to analyze the features of Shigella CRISPR structure and classify the spacers through bioinformatics approach. Among 107 Shigella, 434 CRISPR structure loci were identified with two to seven loci in different strains. CRISPR-Q1, CRISPR-Q4 and CRISPR-Q5 were widely distributed in Shigella strains. Comparison of the first and last repeats of CRISPR1, CRISPR2 and CRISPR3 revealed several base variants and different stem-loop structures. A total of 259 cas genes were found among these 107 Shigella strains. The cas gene deletions were discovered in 88 strains. However, there is one strain that does not contain cas gene. Intact clusters of cas genes were found in 19 strains. From comprehensive analysis of sequence signature and BLAST and CRISPRTarget score, the 708 spacers were classified into three subtypes: Type I, Type II and Type III. Of them, Type I spacer referred to those linked with one gene segment, Type II spacer linked with two or more different gene segments, and Type III spacer undefined. This study examined the diversity of CRISPR/cas system in Shigella strains, demonstrated the main features of CRISPR structure and spacer classification, which provided critical information for elucidation of the mechanisms of spacer formation and exploration of the role the spacers play in the function of the CRISPR/cas system.

Medical Devices; General Hospital and Personal Use Devices; Classification of the Image Processing Device for Estimation of External Blood Loss. Final order.

PubMed

2017-12-20

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or we) is classifying the image processing device for estimation of external blood loss into class II (special controls). The special controls that apply to the device type are identified in this order and will be part of the codified language for the image processing device for estimation of external blood loss' classification. We are taking this action because we have determined that classifying the device into class II (special controls) will provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device. We believe this action will also enhance patients' access to beneficial innovative devices, in part by reducing regulatory burdens.

Comprehensive evaluation of functional and anatomical disorders of the patients with distal occlusion and accompanying obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nabiev, F. H.; Dobrodeev, A. S.; Libin, P. V.; Kotov, I. I.; Ovsyannikov, A. G.

2015-11-01

The paper defines the therapeutic and rehabilitation approach to the patients with Angle's classification Class II dento-facial anomalies, accompanied by obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The proposed comprehensive approach to the diagnostics and treatment of patients with posterior occlusion, accompanied by OSA, allows for objective evaluation of intensity of a dento-facial anomaly and accompanying respiratory disorders in the nasal and oral pharynx, which allows for the pathophysiological mechanisms of OSA to be identified, and an optimal plan for surgical procedures to be developed. The proposed comprehensive approach to the diagnostics and treatment of patients with Angle's classification Class II dento-facial anomalies provides high functional and aesthetic results.

Optimality of the basic colour categories for classification

PubMed Central

Griffin, Lewis D

2005-01-01

Categorization of colour has been widely studied as a window into human language and cognition, and quite separately has been used pragmatically in image-database retrieval systems. This suggests the hypothesis that the best category system for pragmatic purposes coincides with human categories (i.e. the basic colours). We have tested this hypothesis by assessing the performance of different category systems in a machine-vision task. The task was the identification of the odd-one-out from triples of images obtained using a web-based image-search service. In each triple, two of the images had been retrieved using the same search term, the other a different term. The terms were simple concrete nouns. The results were as follows: (i) the odd-one-out task can be performed better than chance using colour alone; (ii) basic colour categorization performs better than random systems of categories; (iii) a category system that performs better than the basic colours could not be found; and (iv) it is not just the general layout of the basic colours that is important, but also the detail. We conclude that (i) the results support the plausibility of an explanation for the basic colours as a result of a pressure-to-optimality and (ii) the basic colours are good categories for machine vision image-retrieval systems. PMID:16849219

Cardiomyoplasty: first clinical case with new cardiomyostimulator.

PubMed

Chekanov, Valeri S; Sands, Duane E; Brown, Conville S; Brum, Fernando; Arzuaga, Pedro; Gava, Sebastian; Eugenio, Ferdinand P; Melamed, Vladimir; Spencer, Howard W

2002-09-01

Dynamic cardiomyoplasty was performed in a patient using a new cardio-myostimulator (LD-PACE II) designed to enable a novel stimulation regimen that utilizes a new range of stimulation options, including cessation during sleep. After treatment, left ventricular ejection fraction improved in 24 months from 15% to 25% and New York Heart Association classification improved from class IV to II.

Understanding Medicines: Conceptual Analysis of Nurses' Needs for Knowledge and Understanding of Pharmacology (Part I). Understanding Medicines: Extending Pharmacology Education for Dependent and Independent Prescribing (Part II).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leathard, Helen L.

2001-01-01

Part I reviews what nurses need to know about the administration and prescription of medicines. Part II addresses drug classifications, actions and effects, and interactions. Also discussed are the challenges pharmacological issues pose for nursing education. (SK)

Understanding the use of standardized nursing terminology and classification systems in published research: A case study using the International Classification for Nursing Practice(®).

PubMed

Strudwick, Gillian; Hardiker, Nicholas R

2016-10-01

In the era of evidenced based healthcare, nursing is required to demonstrate that care provided by nurses is associated with optimal patient outcomes, and a high degree of quality and safety. The use of standardized nursing terminologies and classification systems are a way that nursing documentation can be leveraged to generate evidence related to nursing practice. Several widely-reported nursing specific terminologies and classifications systems currently exist including the Clinical Care Classification System, International Classification for Nursing Practice(®), Nursing Intervention Classification, Nursing Outcome Classification, Omaha System, Perioperative Nursing Data Set and NANDA International. However, the influence of these systems on demonstrating the value of nursing and the professions' impact on quality, safety and patient outcomes in published research is relatively unknown. This paper seeks to understand the use of standardized nursing terminology and classification systems in published research, using the International Classification for Nursing Practice(®) as a case study. A systematic review of international published empirical studies on, or using, the International Classification for Nursing Practice(®) were completed using Medline and the Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Since 2006, 38 studies have been published on the International Classification for Nursing Practice(®). The main objectives of the published studies have been to validate the appropriateness of the classification system for particular care areas or populations, further develop the classification system, or utilize it to support the generation of new nursing knowledge. To date, most studies have focused on the classification system itself, and a lesser number of studies have used the system to generate information about the outcomes of nursing practice. Based on the published literature that features the International Classification for Nursing Practice, standardized nursing terminology and classification systems appear to be well developed for various populations, settings and to harmonize with other health-related terminology systems. However, the use of the systems to generate new nursing knowledge, and to validate nursing practice is still in its infancy. There is an opportunity now to utilize the well-developed systems in their current state to further what is know about nursing practice, and how best to demonstrate improvements in patient outcomes through nursing care. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Causes of death and associated conditions (Codac) – a utilitarian approach to the classification of perinatal deaths

PubMed Central

Frøen, J Frederik; Pinar, Halit; Flenady, Vicki; Bahrin, Safiah; Charles, Adrian; Chauke, Lawrence; Day, Katie; Duke, Charles W; Facchinetti, Fabio; Fretts, Ruth C; Gardener, Glenn; Gilshenan, Kristen; Gordijn, Sanne J; Gordon, Adrienne; Guyon, Grace; Harrison, Catherine; Koshy, Rachel; Pattinson, Robert C; Petersson, Karin; Russell, Laurie; Saastad, Eli; Smith, Gordon CS; Torabi, Rozbeh

2009-01-01

A carefully classified dataset of perinatal mortality will retain the most significant information on the causes of death. Such information is needed for health care policy development, surveillance and international comparisons, clinical services and research. For comparability purposes, we propose a classification system that could serve all these needs, and be applicable in both developing and developed countries. It is developed to adhere to basic concepts of underlying cause in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), although gaps in ICD prevent classification of perinatal deaths solely on existing ICD codes. We tested the Causes of Death and Associated Conditions (Codac) classification for perinatal deaths in seven populations, including two developing country settings. We identified areas of potential improvements in the ability to retain existing information, ease of use and inter-rater agreement. After revisions to address these issues we propose Version II of Codac with detailed coding instructions. The ten main categories of Codac consist of three key contributors to global perinatal mortality (intrapartum events, infections and congenital anomalies), two crucial aspects of perinatal mortality (unknown causes of death and termination of pregnancy), a clear distinction of conditions relevant only to the neonatal period and the remaining conditions are arranged in the four anatomical compartments (fetal, cord, placental and maternal). For more detail there are 94 subcategories, further specified in 577 categories in the full version. Codac is designed to accommodate both the main cause of death as well as two associated conditions. We suggest reporting not only the main cause of death, but also the associated relevant conditions so that scenarios of combined conditions and events are captured. The appropriately applied Codac system promises to better manage information on causes of perinatal deaths, the conditions associated with them, and the most common clinical scenarios for future study and comparisons. PMID:19515228

Causes of death and associated conditions (Codac): a utilitarian approach to the classification of perinatal deaths.

PubMed

Frøen, J Frederik; Pinar, Halit; Flenady, Vicki; Bahrin, Safiah; Charles, Adrian; Chauke, Lawrence; Day, Katie; Duke, Charles W; Facchinetti, Fabio; Fretts, Ruth C; Gardener, Glenn; Gilshenan, Kristen; Gordijn, Sanne J; Gordon, Adrienne; Guyon, Grace; Harrison, Catherine; Koshy, Rachel; Pattinson, Robert C; Petersson, Karin; Russell, Laurie; Saastad, Eli; Smith, Gordon C S; Torabi, Rozbeh

2009-06-10

A carefully classified dataset of perinatal mortality will retain the most significant information on the causes of death. Such information is needed for health care policy development, surveillance and international comparisons, clinical services and research. For comparability purposes, we propose a classification system that could serve all these needs, and be applicable in both developing and developed countries. It is developed to adhere to basic concepts of underlying cause in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), although gaps in ICD prevent classification of perinatal deaths solely on existing ICD codes.We tested the Causes of Death and Associated Conditions (Codac) classification for perinatal deaths in seven populations, including two developing country settings. We identified areas of potential improvements in the ability to retain existing information, ease of use and inter-rater agreement. After revisions to address these issues we propose Version II of Codac with detailed coding instructions.The ten main categories of Codac consist of three key contributors to global perinatal mortality (intrapartum events, infections and congenital anomalies), two crucial aspects of perinatal mortality (unknown causes of death and termination of pregnancy), a clear distinction of conditions relevant only to the neonatal period and the remaining conditions are arranged in the four anatomical compartments (fetal, cord, placental and maternal).For more detail there are 94 subcategories, further specified in 577 categories in the full version. Codac is designed to accommodate both the main cause of death as well as two associated conditions. We suggest reporting not only the main cause of death, but also the associated relevant conditions so that scenarios of combined conditions and events are captured.The appropriately applied Codac system promises to better manage information on causes of perinatal deaths, the conditions associated with them, and the most common clinical scenarios for future study and comparisons.

Objective color measurements: clinimetric performance of three devices on normal skin and scar tissue.

PubMed

van der Wal, Martijn; Bloemen, Monica; Verhaegen, Pauline; Tuinebreijer, Wim; de Vet, Henrica; van Zuijlen, Paul; Middelkoop, Esther

2013-01-01

Color measurements are an essential part of scar evaluation. Thus, vascularization (erythema) and pigmentation (melanin) are common outcome parameters in scar research. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinimetric properties and clinical feasibility of the Mexameter, Colorimeter, and the DSM II ColorMeter for objective measurements on skin and scars. Fifty scars with a mean age of 6 years (2 months to 53 years) were included. Reliability was tested using the single-measure interobserver intraclass correlation coefficient. Validity was determined by measuring the Pearson correlation with the Fitzpatrick skin type classification (for skin) and the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (for scar tissue). All three instruments provided reliable readings (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.83; confidence interval: 0.71-0.90) on normal skin and scar tissue. Parameters with the highest correlations with the Fitzpatrick classification were melanin (Mexameter), 0.72; ITA (Colorimeter), -0.74; and melanin (DSM II), 0.70. On scars, the highest correlations with the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale vascularization scores were the following: erythema (Mexameter), 0.59; LAB2 (Colorimeter), 0.69; and erythema (DSM II), 0.66. For hyperpigmentation, the highest correlations were melanin (Mexameter), 0.75; ITA (Colorimeter), -0.80; and melanin (DSM II), 0.83. This study shows that all three instruments can provide reliable color data on skin and scars with a single measurement. The authors also demonstrated that they can assist in objective skin type classification. For scar assessment, the most valid parameters in each instrument were identified.

Predicting functional communication ability in children with cerebral palsy at school entry.

PubMed

Coleman, Andrea; Weir, Kelly; Ware, Robert S; Boyd, Roslyn

2015-03-01

To explore the value of demographic, environmental, and early clinical characteristics in predicting functional communication in children with cerebral palsy (CP) at school entry. Data are from an Australian prospective longitudinal study of children with CP. Children assessed at 18 to 24 and 48 to 60 months corrected age were included in the study. Functional communication was classified at 48 to 60 months using the Communication Function Classification System (CFCS). Predictive variables included communication skills at 18 to 24 months, evaluated using the Communication and Symbolic Behavioural Scales Developmental Profile (CSBS-DP) Infant-Toddler Checklist. Early Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Manual Ability Classification System, and motor type and distribution were evaluated by two physiotherapists. Demographic and comorbid variables were obtained through parent interview with a paediatrician or rehabilitation specialist. A total of 114 children (76 males, 38 females) were included in the study. At 18 to 24 months the mean CSBS-DP was 84.9 (SD 19.0). The CFCS distribution at 48 to 60 months was I=36(32%), II=25(22%), III=20(18%), IV=19(17%), and V=14(12%). In multivariable regression analysis, only CSBS-DP (p<0.01) and GMFCS (p<0.01) at 18 to 24 months were predictors of functional communication at school entry. Body structure and function and not environmental factors impact functional communication at school entry in children with CP. This provides valuable guidance for early screening, parent education, and future planning of intervention programs to improve functional communication. © 2014 Mac Keith Press.

Crystallization tendency of active pharmaceutical ingredients following rapid solvent evaporation--classification and comparison with crystallization tendency from undercooled melts.

PubMed

Van Eerdenbrugh, Bernard; Baird, Jared A; Taylor, Lynne S

2010-09-01

In this study, the crystallization behavior of a variety of compounds was studied following rapid solvent evaporation using spin coating. Initial screening to determine model compound suitability was performed using a structurally diverse set of 51 compounds in three different solvent systems [dichloromethane (DCM), a 1:1 (w/w) dichloromethane/ethanol mixture (MIX), and ethanol (EtOH)]. Of this starting set of 153 drug-solvent combinations, 93 (40 compounds) were selected for further evaluation based on solubility, chemical solution stability, and processability criteria. These systems were spin coated and their crystallization was monitored using polarized light microscopy (7 days, dry conditions). The crystallization behavior of the samples could be classified as rapid (Class I: 39 cases), intermediate (Class II: 23 cases), or slow (Class III: 31 cases). The solvent system employed influenced the classification outcome for only four of the compounds. The various compounds showed very diverse crystallization behavior. Upon comparison of classification results with those of a previous study, where cooling from the melt was used as a preparation technique, a good similarity was found whereby 68% of the cases were identically classified. Multivariate analysis was performed using a set of relevant physicochemical compound characteristics. It was found that a number of these parameters tended to differ between the different classes. These could be further interpreted in terms of the nature of the crystallization process. Additional multivariate analysis on the separate classes of compounds indicated some potential in predicting the crystallization tendency of a given compound.

Identification of extremely premature infants at high risk of rehospitalization.

PubMed

Ambalavanan, Namasivayam; Carlo, Waldemar A; McDonald, Scott A; Yao, Qing; Das, Abhik; Higgins, Rosemary D

2011-11-01

Extremely low birth weight infants often require rehospitalization during infancy. Our objective was to identify at the time of discharge which extremely low birth weight infants are at higher risk for rehospitalization. Data from extremely low birth weight infants in Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network centers from 2002-2005 were analyzed. The primary outcome was rehospitalization by the 18- to 22-month follow-up, and secondary outcome was rehospitalization for respiratory causes in the first year. Using variables and odds ratios identified by stepwise logistic regression, scoring systems were developed with scores proportional to odds ratios. Classification and regression-tree analysis was performed by recursive partitioning and automatic selection of optimal cutoff points of variables. A total of 3787 infants were evaluated (mean ± SD birth weight: 787 ± 136 g; gestational age: 26 ± 2 weeks; 48% male, 42% black). Forty-five percent of the infants were rehospitalized by 18 to 22 months; 14.7% were rehospitalized for respiratory causes in the first year. Both regression models (area under the curve: 0.63) and classification and regression-tree models (mean misclassification rate: 40%-42%) were moderately accurate. Predictors for the primary outcome by regression were shunt surgery for hydrocephalus, hospital stay of >120 days for pulmonary reasons, necrotizing enterocolitis stage II or higher or spontaneous gastrointestinal perforation, higher fraction of inspired oxygen at 36 weeks, and male gender. By classification and regression-tree analysis, infants with hospital stays of >120 days for pulmonary reasons had a 66% rehospitalization rate compared with 42% without such a stay. The scoring systems and classification and regression-tree analysis models identified infants at higher risk of rehospitalization and might assist planning for care after discharge.

Identification of Extremely Premature Infants at High Risk of Rehospitalization

PubMed Central

Carlo, Waldemar A.; McDonald, Scott A.; Yao, Qing; Das, Abhik; Higgins, Rosemary D.

2011-01-01

OBJECTIVE: Extremely low birth weight infants often require rehospitalization during infancy. Our objective was to identify at the time of discharge which extremely low birth weight infants are at higher risk for rehospitalization. METHODS: Data from extremely low birth weight infants in Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network centers from 2002–2005 were analyzed. The primary outcome was rehospitalization by the 18- to 22-month follow-up, and secondary outcome was rehospitalization for respiratory causes in the first year. Using variables and odds ratios identified by stepwise logistic regression, scoring systems were developed with scores proportional to odds ratios. Classification and regression-tree analysis was performed by recursive partitioning and automatic selection of optimal cutoff points of variables. RESULTS: A total of 3787 infants were evaluated (mean ± SD birth weight: 787 ± 136 g; gestational age: 26 ± 2 weeks; 48% male, 42% black). Forty-five percent of the infants were rehospitalized by 18 to 22 months; 14.7% were rehospitalized for respiratory causes in the first year. Both regression models (area under the curve: 0.63) and classification and regression-tree models (mean misclassification rate: 40%–42%) were moderately accurate. Predictors for the primary outcome by regression were shunt surgery for hydrocephalus, hospital stay of >120 days for pulmonary reasons, necrotizing enterocolitis stage II or higher or spontaneous gastrointestinal perforation, higher fraction of inspired oxygen at 36 weeks, and male gender. By classification and regression-tree analysis, infants with hospital stays of >120 days for pulmonary reasons had a 66% rehospitalization rate compared with 42% without such a stay. CONCLUSIONS: The scoring systems and classification and regression-tree analysis models identified infants at higher risk of rehospitalization and might assist planning for care after discharge. PMID:22007016

21 CFR 876.4400 - Hemorrhoidal ligator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) MEDICAL DEVICES GASTROENTEROLOGY-UROLOGY DEVICES Surgical Devices § 876.4400 Hemorrhoidal ligator. (a... of a ligature or band placed around the hemorrhoid. (b) Classification. Class II (performance...

21 CFR 878.3300 - Surgical mesh.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... GENERAL AND PLASTIC SURGERY DEVICES Prosthetic Devices § 878.3300 Surgical mesh. (a) Identification... acetabular and cement restrictor mesh used during orthopedic surgery. (b) Classification. Class II. ...

21 CFR 878.3300 - Surgical mesh.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... GENERAL AND PLASTIC SURGERY DEVICES Prosthetic Devices § 878.3300 Surgical mesh. (a) Identification... acetabular and cement restrictor mesh used during orthopedic surgery. (b) Classification. Class II. ...

21 CFR 878.3300 - Surgical mesh.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... GENERAL AND PLASTIC SURGERY DEVICES Prosthetic Devices § 878.3300 Surgical mesh. (a) Identification... acetabular and cement restrictor mesh used during orthopedic surgery. (b) Classification. Class II. ...

21 CFR 878.3300 - Surgical mesh.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... GENERAL AND PLASTIC SURGERY DEVICES Prosthetic Devices § 878.3300 Surgical mesh. (a) Identification... acetabular and cement restrictor mesh used during orthopedic surgery. (b) Classification. Class II. ...

21 CFR 878.3300 - Surgical mesh.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... GENERAL AND PLASTIC SURGERY DEVICES Prosthetic Devices § 878.3300 Surgical mesh. (a) Identification... acetabular and cement restrictor mesh used during orthopedic surgery. (b) Classification. Class II. ...

Ecological Land Classification: Applications to Identify the Productive Potential of Southern Forests

Treesearch

Dennis L. Mengel; D. Thompson Tew; [Editors

1991-01-01

Eighteen papers representing four categories-Regional Overviews; Classification System Development; Classification System Interpretation; Mapping/GIS Applications in Classification Systems-present the state of the art in forest-land classification and evaluation in the South. In addition, nine poster papers are presented.

The Fracturing of China? Ethnic Separatism and Political Violence in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-09-01

deprivation, rational choice 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT Unclassified 18 . SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE...Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239- 18 ii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK iii Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. THE...psychological, or erotic in nature.10 This argument purports that when individuals participate within a group for the advancement of collective good, they

Sparsity-Based Representation for Classification Algorithms and Comparison Results for Transient Acoustic Signals

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-01

large but correlated noise and signal interference (i.e., low -rank interference). Another contribution is the implementation of deep learning...representation, low rank, deep learning 52 Tung-Duong Tran-Luu 301-394-3082Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified UU ii Approved for public release; distribution...Classification of Acoustic Transients 6 3.2 Joint Sparse Representation with Low -Rank Interference 7 3.3 Simultaneous Group-and-Joint Sparse Representation

Alignment of classification paradigms for communication abilities in children with cerebral palsy

PubMed Central

Hustad, Katherine C.; Oakes, Ashley; McFadd, Emily; Allison, Kristen M.

2015-01-01

Aim We examined three communication ability classification paradigms for children with cerebral palsy (CP): the Communication Function Classification System (CFCS), the Viking Speech Scale (VSS), and the Speech Language Profile Groups (SLPG). Questions addressed inter-judge reliability, whether the VSS and the CFCS captured impairments in speech and language, and whether there were differences in speech intelligibility among levels within each classification paradigm. Method 80 children (42 males) with a range of types and severity levels of CP participated (mean age, 60 months; SD 4.8 months). Two speech-language pathologists classified each child via parent-child interaction samples and previous experience with the children for the CFCS and VSS, and uisng quantitative speech and language assessment data for the SLPG. Intelligibility scores were obtained using standard clinical intelligibility measurement. Results Kappa values were .67 (95% CI [.55, .79]) for the CFCS, .82 (95% CI [.72, .92]), for the VSS, .95 (95% CI [.72, .92]) for the SLPG. Descriptively, reliability within levels of each paradigm varied, with the lowest agreement occurring within the CFCS at levels II (42%), III (40%), and IV (61%). Neither the CFCS nor the VSS were sensitive to language impairments captured by the SLPG. Significant differences in speech intelligibility were found among levels for all classification paradigms. Interpretation Multiple tools are necessary to understand speech, language, and communication profiles in children with CP. Characterization of abilities at all levels of the ICF will advance our understanding of the ways that speech, language, and communication abilities present in children with CP. PMID:26521844

Multi-class biological tissue classification based on a multi-classifier: Preliminary study of an automatic output power control for ultrasonic surgical units.

PubMed

Youn, Su Hyun; Sim, Taeyong; Choi, Ahnryul; Song, Jinsung; Shin, Ki Young; Lee, Il Kwon; Heo, Hyun Mu; Lee, Daeweon; Mun, Joung Hwan

2015-06-01

Ultrasonic surgical units (USUs) have the advantage of minimizing tissue damage during surgeries that require tissue dissection by reducing problems such as coagulation and unwanted carbonization, but the disadvantage of requiring manual adjustment of power output according to the target tissue. In order to overcome this limitation, it is necessary to determine the properties of in vivo tissues automatically. We propose a multi-classifier that can accurately classify tissues based on the unique impedance of each tissue. For this purpose, a multi-classifier was built based on single classifiers with high classification rates, and the classification accuracy of the proposed model was compared with that of single classifiers for various electrode types (Type-I: 6 mm invasive; Type-II: 3 mm invasive; Type-III: surface). The sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of the multi-classifier by cross checks were determined. According to the 10-fold cross validation results, the classification accuracy of the proposed model was significantly higher (p<0.05 or <0.01) than that of existing single classifiers for all electrode types. In particular, the classification accuracy of the proposed model was highest when the 3mm invasive electrode (Type-II) was used (sensitivity=97.33-100.00%; PPV=96.71-100.00%). The results of this study are an important contribution to achieving automatic optimal output power adjustment of USUs according to the properties of individual tissues. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

42 CFR 412.513 - Patient classification system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Patient classification system. 412.513 Section 412... Long-Term Care Hospitals § 412.513 Patient classification system. (a) Classification methodology. CMS...-DRGs. (1) The classification of a particular discharge is based, as appropriate, on the patient's age...

42 CFR 412.513 - Patient classification system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Patient classification system. 412.513 Section 412... Long-Term Care Hospitals § 412.513 Patient classification system. (a) Classification methodology. CMS...-DRGs. (1) The classification of a particular discharge is based, as appropriate, on the patient's age...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bostwick, J.; Stevenson, T.R.; Nahai, F.

Major complications of radiation directed to the breast, axilla, and mediastinum were treated in 54 patients from 1974 to 1983. A classification of these complications facilitates both an understanding of the pattern of injury and the development of a treatment plan. Classification: I. Breast necrosis; II. Radionecrosis and Chest Wall Ulceration; III. Accelerated Coronary Atherosclerosis with Median Sternotomy Wound Failure After Coronary Revascularization; IV. Brachial Plexus Pain and Paresis; V. Lymphedema and Axillary Cicatrix; VI. Radiation-induced Neoplasia. The treatment has evolved during the 10-year study period to excision of the necrotic wound, including any tumor, and closure with a transposedmore » muscle or musculocutaneous flap of latissimus dorsi (II, III, V) or rectus abdominis (I, II, VI). This strategy reflects a change from primary use of the omentum during the first years of the study. The vascularity, oxygen and antibiotic delivery of these muscle and musculocutaneous flaps promote wound healing, usually with one operation. The transfer of these muscles has not caused significant functional deficits.« less

Configuration of electro-optic fire source detection system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fabian, Ram Z.; Steiner, Zeev; Hofman, Nir

2007-04-01

The recent fighting activities in various parts of the world have highlighted the need for accurate fire source detection on one hand and fast "sensor to shooter cycle" capabilities on the other. Both needs can be met by the SPOTLITE system which dramatically enhances the capability to rapidly engage hostile fire source with a minimum of casualties to friendly force and to innocent bystanders. Modular system design enable to meet each customer specific requirements and enable excellent future growth and upgrade potential. The design and built of a fire source detection system is governed by sets of requirements issued by the operators. This can be translated into the following design criteria: I) Long range, fast and accurate fire source detection capability. II) Different threat detection and classification capability. III) Threat investigation capability. IV) Fire source data distribution capability (Location, direction, video image, voice). V) Men portability. ) In order to meet these design criteria, an optimized concept was presented and exercised for the SPOTLITE system. Three major modular components were defined: I) Electro Optical Unit -Including FLIR camera, CCD camera, Laser Range Finder and Marker II) Electronic Unit -including system computer and electronic. III) Controller Station Unit - Including the HMI of the system. This article discusses the system's components definition and optimization processes, and also show how SPOTLITE designers successfully managed to introduce excellent solutions for other system parameters.

Carl Sagan's Cosmic Connection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sagan, Carl; Agel, Jerome

2000-08-01

Foreword Freeman Dyson; Personal reflections Ann Druyan; Preface; Part I. Cosmic Perspective: 1. A transitional animal; 2. The Unicorn of Cetus; 3. A message from earth; 4. A message to earth; 5. Experiments in utopias; 6. Chauvinism; 7. Space exploration as a human enterprise I. The scientific interest; 8. Space exploration as a human enterprise II. The public interest; 9. Space exploration as a human enterprise III. The historical interest; Part II. The Solar System: 10. On teaching the first grade; 11. 'The ancient and legendary Gods of old'; 12. The Venus detective story; 13. Venus is hell; 14. Science and 'intelligence'; 15. The moons of Barsoom; 16. The mountains of Mars I. Observations from earth; 17. The mountains of Mars II. Observations from space; 18. The canals of Mars; 19. The lost pictures of Mars; 20. The Ice Age and the cauldron; 21. Beginnings and ends of the Earth; 22. Terraforming the plants; 23. The exploration and utlization of the solar system; Part III. Beyond the Solar System: 24. Some of my best friends are dolphins; 25. 'Hello, central casting? Send me twenty extraterrestrials'; 26. The cosmic connection; 27. Extraterrestrial life: an idea whose time has come; 28. Has the Earth been visited?; 29. A search strategy for detecting extraterrestrial intelligence; 30. If we succeed 31. Cables, drums, and seashells; 32. The night freight to the stars; 33. Astroengineering; 34. Twenty questions: a classification of cosmic civilisations; 35. Galactic cultural exchanges; 36. A passage to elsewhere; 37. Starfolk I. A Fable; 38. Starfolk II. A future; 39. Starfolk III. The cosmic Cheshire cats; Epilog David Morrison; Index.

Chapter II. Taxonomy and Phylogeny

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The book chapter presents a review of the taxonomic distribution of ornamental geophytic plants (bulbs, tubers, corms, rhizomes) and the modern classification of the families within which they belong....

Evaluation of a Smartphone-based Human Activity Recognition System in a Daily Living Environment.

PubMed

Lemaire, Edward D; Tundo, Marco D; Baddour, Natalie

2015-12-11

An evaluation method that includes continuous activities in a daily-living environment was developed for Wearable Mobility Monitoring Systems (WMMS) that attempt to recognize user activities. Participants performed a pre-determined set of daily living actions within a continuous test circuit that included mobility activities (walking, standing, sitting, lying, ascending/descending stairs), daily living tasks (combing hair, brushing teeth, preparing food, eating, washing dishes), and subtle environment changes (opening doors, using an elevator, walking on inclines, traversing staircase landings, walking outdoors). To evaluate WMMS performance on this circuit, fifteen able-bodied participants completed the tasks while wearing a smartphone at their right front pelvis. The WMMS application used smartphone accelerometer and gyroscope signals to classify activity states. A gold standard comparison data set was created by video-recording each trial and manually logging activity onset times. Gold standard and WMMS data were analyzed offline. Three classification sets were calculated for each circuit: (i) mobility or immobility, ii) sit, stand, lie, or walking, and (iii) sit, stand, lie, walking, climbing stairs, or small standing movement. Sensitivities, specificities, and F-Scores for activity categorization and changes-of-state were calculated. The mobile versus immobile classification set had a sensitivity of 86.30% ± 7.2% and specificity of 98.96% ± 0.6%, while the second prediction set had a sensitivity of 88.35% ± 7.80% and specificity of 98.51% ± 0.62%. For the third classification set, sensitivity was 84.92% ± 6.38% and specificity was 98.17 ± 0.62. F1 scores for the first, second and third classification sets were 86.17 ± 6.3, 80.19 ± 6.36, and 78.42 ± 5.96, respectively. This demonstrates that WMMS performance depends on the evaluation protocol in addition to the algorithms. The demonstrated protocol can be used and tailored for evaluating human activity recognition systems in rehabilitation medicine where mobility monitoring may be beneficial in clinical decision-making.

Factors affecting the causality assessment of adverse events following immunisation in paediatric clinical trials: An online survey.

PubMed

Voysey, Merryn; Tavana, Rahele; Farooq, Yama; Heath, Paul T; Bonhoeffer, Jan; Snape, Matthew D

2015-12-16

Serious adverse events (SAEs) in clinical trials require reporting within 24h, including a judgment of whether the SAE was related to the investigational product(s). Such assessments are an important component of pharmacovigilance, however classification systems for assigning relatedness vary across study protocols. This on-line survey evaluated the consistency of SAE causality assessment among professionals with vaccine clinical trial experience. Members of the clinical advisory forum of experts (CAFÉ), a Brighton Collaboration online-forum, were emailed a survey containing SAEs from hypothetical vaccine trials which they were asked to classify. Participants were randomised to either two classification options (related/not related to study immunisation) or three options (possibly/probably/unrelated). The clinical scenarios, were (i) leukaemia diagnosed 5 months post-immunisation with a live RSV vaccine, (ii) juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) 3 months post-immunisation with a group A streptococcal vaccine, (iii) developmental delay diagnosed at age 10 months after infant capsular group B meningococcal vaccine, (iv) developmental delay diagnosed at age 10 months after maternal immunisation with a group B streptococcal vaccine. There were 140 respondents (72 two options, 68 three options). Across all respondents, SAEs were considered related to study immunisation by 28% (leukaemia), 74% (JIA), 29% (developmental delay after infant immunisation) and 42% (developmental delay after maternal immunisation). Having only two options made respondents significantly less likely to classify the SAE as immunisation-related for two scenarios (JIA p=0.0075; and maternal immunisation p=0.045). Amongst study investigators (n=43) this phenomenon was observed for three of the four scenarios: (JIA p=0.0236; developmental delay following infant immunisation p=0.0266; and developmental delay after maternal immunisation p=0.0495). SAE causality assessment is inconsistent amongst study investigators and can be influenced by the classification systems available to them. There is a pressing need for SAE classification systems to be standardised across study protocols. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Classification accuracy of brief parent report measures of language development in Spanish-speaking toddlers.

PubMed

Guiberson, Mark; Rodríguez, Barbara L; Dale, Philip S

2011-10-01

The purpose of the current study was to examine the concurrent validity and classification accuracy of 3 parent report measures of language development in Spanish-speaking toddlers. Forty-five Spanish-speaking parents and their 2-year-old children participated. Twenty-three children had expressive language delays (ELDs) as determined through multiple sources of information, and 22 had typical language development (TD). Parents completed the Spanish version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (Spanish ASQ; Squires, Potter, & Bricker, 1999) and the short-form of the Inventarios del Desarrollo de Habilidades Comunicativas Palabras y Enunciados (INV-II; Jackson-Maldonado, Bates, & Thal, 1992; Jackson-Maldonado et al., 2003), which is the Spanish version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories Words and Sentences form, and reported children's 3 longest utterances (M3L-W). Children were administered the Preschool Language Scale, Fourth Edition, Spanish Edition (SPLS-4; Zimmerman, Steiner, & Pond, 2002) at early childhood centers. All 3 parent report measures were significantly correlated with the SPLS-4, establishing their concurrent validity. Children with ELDs scored significantly lower than TD children on all 3 parent report measures. The Spanish ASQ demonstrated less than desirable levels of sensitivity and specificity; both the short-form INV-II and M3L-W measures demonstrated favorable sensitivity and specificity. Of these measures, M3L-W demonstrated the strongest classification accuracy qualities, including sensitivity, negative predictive value, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve. The short-form INV-II and M3L-W demonstrated highly satisfactory classification accuracy of ELDs, but M3L-W demonstrated slightly stronger accuracy. These results indicate that these measures may be useful in screening for ELDs in Spanish-speaking toddlers.

A dynamical classification of the cosmic web

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Forero-Romero, J. E.; Hoffman, Y.; Gottlöber, S.; Klypin, A.; Yepes, G.

2009-07-01

In this paper, we propose a new dynamical classification of the cosmic web. Each point in space is classified in one of four possible web types: voids, sheets, filaments and knots. The classification is based on the evaluation of the deformation tensor (i.e. the Hessian of the gravitational potential) on a grid. The classification is based on counting the number of eigenvalues above a certain threshold, λth, at each grid point, where the case of zero, one, two or three such eigenvalues corresponds to void, sheet, filament or a knot grid point. The collection of neighbouring grid points, friends of friends, of the same web type constitutes voids, sheets, filaments and knots as extended web objects. A simple dynamical consideration of the emergence of the web suggests that the threshold should not be null, as in previous implementations of the algorithm. A detailed dynamical analysis would have found different threshold values for the collapse of sheets, filaments and knots. Short of such an analysis a phenomenological approach has been opted for, looking for a single threshold to be determined by analysing numerical simulations. Our cosmic web classification has been applied and tested against a suite of large (dark matter only) cosmological N-body simulations. In particular, the dependence of the volume and mass filling fractions on λth and on the resolution has been calculated for the four web types. We also study the percolation properties of voids and filaments. Our main findings are as follows. (i) Already at λth = 0.1 the resulting web classification reproduces the visual impression of the cosmic web. (ii) Between 0.2 <~ λth <~ 0.4, a system of percolated voids coexists with a net of interconnected filaments. This suggests a reasonable choice for λth as the parameter that defines the cosmic web. (iii) The dynamical nature of the suggested classification provides a robust framework for incorporating environmental information into galaxy formation models, and in particular to semi-analytical models.

Pathohistological classification systems in gastric cancer: Diagnostic relevance and prognostic value

PubMed Central

Berlth, Felix; Bollschweiler, Elfriede; Drebber, Uta; Hoelscher, Arnulf H; Moenig, Stefan

2014-01-01

Several pathohistological classification systems exist for the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Many studies have investigated the correlation between the pathohistological characteristics in gastric cancer and patient characteristics, disease specific criteria and overall outcome. It is still controversial as to which classification system imparts the most reliable information, and therefore, the choice of system may vary in clinical routine. In addition to the most common classification systems, such as the Laurén and the World Health Organization (WHO) classifications, other authors have tried to characterize and classify gastric cancer based on the microscopic morphology and in reference to the clinical outcome of the patients. In more than 50 years of systematic classification of the pathohistological characteristics of gastric cancer, there is no sole classification system that is consistently used worldwide in diagnostics and research. However, several national guidelines for the treatment of gastric cancer refer to the Laurén or the WHO classifications regarding therapeutic decision-making, which underlines the importance of a reliable classification system for gastric cancer. The latest results from gastric cancer studies indicate that it might be useful to integrate DNA- and RNA-based features of gastric cancer into the classification systems to establish prognostic relevance. This article reviews the diagnostic relevance and the prognostic value of different pathohistological classification systems in gastric cancer. PMID:24914328

CRISPRCasFinder, an update of CRISRFinder, includes a portable version, enhanced performance and integrates search for Cas proteins.

PubMed

Couvin, David; Bernheim, Aude; Toffano-Nioche, Claire; Touchon, Marie; Michalik, Juraj; Néron, Bertrand; C Rocha, Eduardo P; Vergnaud, Gilles; Gautheret, Daniel; Pourcel, Christine

2018-05-22

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) arrays and their associated (Cas) proteins confer bacteria and archaea adaptive immunity against exogenous mobile genetic elements, such as phages or plasmids. CRISPRCasFinder allows the identification of both CRISPR arrays and Cas proteins. The program includes: (i) an improved CRISPR array detection tool facilitating expert validation based on a rating system, (ii) prediction of CRISPR orientation and (iii) a Cas protein detection and typing tool updated to match the latest classification scheme of these systems. CRISPRCasFinder can either be used online or as a standalone tool compatible with Linux operating system. All third-party software packages employed by the program are freely available. CRISPRCasFinder is available at https://crisprcas.i2bc.paris-saclay.fr.

Establishing the pharmaceutical quality of Chinese herbal medicine: a provisional BCS classification.

PubMed

Fong, Sophia Y K; Liu, Mary; Wei, Hai; Löbenberg, Raimar; Kanfer, Isadore; Lee, Vincent H L; Amidon, Gordon L; Zuo, Zhong

2013-05-06

The Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), which is a scientific approach to categorize active drug ingredient based on its solubility and intestinal permeability into one of the four classes, has been used to set the pharmaceutical quality standards for drug products in western society. However, it has received little attention in the area of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM). This is likely, in part, due to the presence of multiple active components as well as lack of standardization of CHM. In this report, we apply BCS classification to CHMs provisionally as a basis for establishing improved in vitro quality standards. Based on a top-200 drugs selling list in China, a total of 31 CHM products comprising 50 official active marker compounds (AMCs) were provisionally classified according to BCS. Information on AMC content and doses of these CHM products were retrieved from the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. BCS parameters including solubility and permeability of the AMCs were predicted in silico (ACD/Laboratories). A BCS classification of CHMs according to biopharmaceutical properties of their AMCs is demonstrated to be feasible in the current study and can be used to provide a minimum set of quality standards. Our provisional results showed that 44% of the included AMCs were classified as Class III (high solubility, low permeability), followed by Class II (26%), Class I (18%), and Class IV (12%). A similar trend was observed when CHMs were classified in accordance with the BCS class of AMCs. Most (45%) of the included CHMs were classified as Class III, followed by Class II (16%), Class I (10%), and Class IV (6%); whereas 23% of the CHMs were of mixed class due to the presence of multiple individual AMCs with different BCS classifications. Moreover, about 60% of the AMCs were classified as high-solubility compounds (Class I and Class III), suggesting an important role for an in vitro dissolution test in setting quality control standards ensuring consistent biopharmaceutical quality for the commercially available CHM products. That is, provisionally, more than half of the AMCs of the top-selling CHMs included in this study would be candidates for a bioequivalence (BE) biowaiver, based on WHO recommendations and EMEA guidelines. Thus a dissolution requirement on these AMCs would represent a significant advance in the pharmaceutical quality of CHM today.

Identification of Coffee Varieties Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Chemometrics.

PubMed

Zhang, Chu; Shen, Tingting; Liu, Fei; He, Yong

2017-12-31

We linked coffee quality to its different varieties. This is of interest because the identification of coffee varieties should help coffee trading and consumption. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with chemometric methods was used to identify coffee varieties. Wavelet transform (WT) was used to reduce LIBS spectra noise. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), and support vector machine (SVM) were used to build classification models. Loadings of principal component analysis (PCA) were used to select the spectral variables contributing most to the identification of coffee varieties. Twenty wavelength variables corresponding to C I, Mg I, Mg II, Al II, CN, H, Ca II, Fe I, K I, Na I, N I, and O I were selected. PLS-DA, RBFNN, and SVM models on selected wavelength variables showed acceptable results. SVM and RBFNN models performed better with a classification accuracy of over 80% in the prediction set, for both full spectra and the selected variables. The overall results indicated that it was feasible to use LIBS and chemometric methods to identify coffee varieties. For further studies, more samples are needed to produce robust classification models, research should be conducted on which methods to use to select spectral peaks that correspond to the elements contributing most to identification, and the methods for acquiring stable spectra should also be studied.

Mössbauer investigations to characterize Fe lattice sites in sheet silicates and Peru Basin deep-sea sediments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lougear, André; König, Iris; Trautwein, Alfred X.; Suess, Erwin

A procedure to classify different Fe lattice sites, i.e., OH-group geometries, in the clay mineral content of deep-sea sediments was developed using Mössbauer spectroscopy at low temperature (77 K). This speciation is of interest with regard to the redox behavior, reactivity and color of marine sediments, since substantial iron redox transitions (associated with sediment color change) have been documented for the structural sheet silicate iron. Lattice site classification was achieved for the Fe(II) fraction, all of which is structural clay Fe(II) in the sediments under investigation. Whereas the major part of the Fe(III) is structural clay iron as well, there is a small Fe(III) fraction in oxide minerals. Therefore, further elaboration of the procedure would be required to also achieve lattice site classification for the Fe(III) fraction. Analysis of the Mössbauer spectra is based on computer fits, the input parameters of which were derived from a separate study of Fe(II)-rich pure chlorites. The procedure of classification is qualified to investigate, e.g., in laboratory experiments, the site-specific reaction rates and the effects on sediment color of iron redox transitions in the sheet silicate content of sediments. The new skills were successfully applied in environmental impact studies on the mining of polymetallic nodules from the Peru Basin deep-sea floor.

Identification of Coffee Varieties Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

PubMed Central

Zhang, Chu; Shen, Tingting

2017-01-01

We linked coffee quality to its different varieties. This is of interest because the identification of coffee varieties should help coffee trading and consumption. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with chemometric methods was used to identify coffee varieties. Wavelet transform (WT) was used to reduce LIBS spectra noise. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), and support vector machine (SVM) were used to build classification models. Loadings of principal component analysis (PCA) were used to select the spectral variables contributing most to the identification of coffee varieties. Twenty wavelength variables corresponding to C I, Mg I, Mg II, Al II, CN, H, Ca II, Fe I, K I, Na I, N I, and O I were selected. PLS-DA, RBFNN, and SVM models on selected wavelength variables showed acceptable results. SVM and RBFNN models performed better with a classification accuracy of over 80% in the prediction set, for both full spectra and the selected variables. The overall results indicated that it was feasible to use LIBS and chemometric methods to identify coffee varieties. For further studies, more samples are needed to produce robust classification models, research should be conducted on which methods to use to select spectral peaks that correspond to the elements contributing most to identification, and the methods for acquiring stable spectra should also be studied. PMID:29301228

A systematic review of the management and outcome of ERCP related duodenal perforations using a standardized classification system.

PubMed

Cirocchi, Roberto; Kelly, Michael Denis; Griffiths, Ewen A; Tabola, Renata; Sartelli, Massimo; Carlini, Luigi; Ghersi, Stefania; Di Saverio, Salomone

2017-12-01

The incidence of duodenal perforation after ERCP ranges from 0.09% to 1.67% and mortality up to 8%. This systematic review was registered in Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, PROSPERO. Stapfer classification of ERCP-related duodenal perforations was used. The systematic search yielded 259 articles. Most frequent post-ERCP perforation was Stapfer type II (58.4%), type I second most frequent perforation (17.8%) followed by Stapfer type III in 13.2% and type IV in 10.6%. Rate of NOM was lowest in Stapfer type I perforations (13%), moderate in type III lesions (58.1%) and high in other types of perforations (84.2% in type II and 84.6% in IV). In patients underwent early surgical treatment (<24 h from ERCP) the most frequent operation was simple duodenal suture with or without omentopexy (93.7%). In patients undergoing late surgical treatment (>24 h from ERCP) interventions performed were more complex. In type I lesions post-operative mortality rate was higher in patients underwent late operation (>24 h). In type I lesions, failure of NOM occurred in 42.8% of patients. In type II failure of NOM occurred in 28.9% of patients and in type III there was failure of NOM in only 11.1%, none in type IV. Postoperative mortality after NOM failure was 75% in type I, 22.5% in type II and none died after surgical treatment for failure of NOM in type III perforations. This systematic review showed that in patients with Stapfer type I lesions, early surgical treatment gives better results, however the opposite seems true in Stapfer III and IV lesions. Copyright © 2017 Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (Scottish charity number SC005317) and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

21 CFR 874.3820 - Endolymphatic shunt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Identification. An endolymphatic shunt is a device that consists of a tube or sheet intended to be implanted to... made of polytetrafluoroethylene or silicone elastomer. (b) Classification. Class II. ...

21 CFR 874.3820 - Endolymphatic shunt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) Identification. An endolymphatic shunt is a device that consists of a tube or sheet intended to be implanted to... made of polytetrafluoroethylene or silicone elastomer. (b) Classification. Class II. ...

21 CFR 874.3820 - Endolymphatic shunt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) Identification. An endolymphatic shunt is a device that consists of a tube or sheet intended to be implanted to... made of polytetrafluoroethylene or silicone elastomer. (b) Classification. Class II. ...

21 CFR 874.3820 - Endolymphatic shunt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) Identification. An endolymphatic shunt is a device that consists of a tube or sheet intended to be implanted to... made of polytetrafluoroethylene or silicone elastomer. (b) Classification. Class II. ...

21 CFR 874.3820 - Endolymphatic shunt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) Identification. An endolymphatic shunt is a device that consists of a tube or sheet intended to be implanted to... made of polytetrafluoroethylene or silicone elastomer. (b) Classification. Class II. ...

21 CFR 864.7470 - Glycosylated hemoglobin assay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... diabetes and to determine the proper insulin dosage for a patient. Elevated levels of glycosylated hemoglobin indicate uncontrolled diabetes in a patient. (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards...

21 CFR 864.7470 - Glycosylated hemoglobin assay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... diabetes and to determine the proper insulin dosage for a patient. Elevated levels of glycosylated hemoglobin indicate uncontrolled diabetes in a patient. (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards...

21 CFR 864.7470 - Glycosylated hemoglobin assay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... diabetes and to determine the proper insulin dosage for a patient. Elevated levels of glycosylated hemoglobin indicate uncontrolled diabetes in a patient. (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards...

21 CFR 864.7470 - Glycosylated hemoglobin assay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... diabetes and to determine the proper insulin dosage for a patient. Elevated levels of glycosylated hemoglobin indicate uncontrolled diabetes in a patient. (b) Classification. Class II (performance standards...

21 CFR 870.3800 - Annuloplasty ring.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Identification. An annuloplasty ring is a rigid or flexible ring implanted around the mitral or tricuspid heart valve for reconstructive treatment of valvular insufficiency. (b) Classification. Class II (special...