Sample records for cleared swaps eff

  1. 17 CFR 22.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... such a swap) in an account segregated pursuant to section 4d(f) of the Act. Cleared Swaps Customer... derivatives clearing organization. A person shall be a Cleared Swaps Customer only with respect to its Cleared Swaps. Cleared Swaps Customer Account. This term refers to any account for the Cleared Swaps of Cleared...

  2. 17 CFR 22.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... such a swap) in an account segregated pursuant to section 4d(f) of the Act. Cleared Swaps Customer... derivatives clearing organization. A person shall be a Cleared Swaps Customer only with respect to its Cleared Swaps. Cleared Swaps Customer Account. This term refers to any account for the Cleared Swaps of Cleared...

  3. 17 CFR 22.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... such a swap) in an account segregated pursuant to section 4d(f) of the Act. Cleared Swaps Customer... derivatives clearing organization. A person shall be a Cleared Swaps Customer only with respect to its Cleared Swaps. Cleared Swaps Customer Account. This term refers to any account for the Cleared Swaps of Cleared...

  4. 77 FR 50425 - Clearing Exemption for Swaps Between Certain Affiliated Entities

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-21

    ... other categories of entities or corporate groups, such as non-swap dealers and non-major swap... exempt swaps between certain affiliated entities within a corporate group from the clearing requirement... meets the financial conditions associated with entering into non-cleared swaps. The Commission issued...

  5. 77 FR 62273 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc.; Notice of Filing and Order...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-12

    ... terms including Cleared Swap, Cleared Swaps Customer, Cleared Swaps Customer Account and Cleared Swaps... segregated (futures) accounts, including CFTC Regulations 1.20, 1.25, 1.27 to 1.30, and 1.49. Derivatives... designed to protect investors. As such, the proposed changes are designed to promote the prompt and...

  6. 75 FR 34434 - Request To Amend an Existing Order Under Section 4(c) of the Commodity Exchange Act Permitting...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-17

    ...) pursuant to Section 4(c) of the Act, (a) to permit the clearing of coffee, sugar, and cocoa OTC swap..., ``a * * * commodity swap,'' which latter term includes swaps on agricultural products. While the...(c) of the Act, ICE Clear could not engage in the clearing of OTC swap contracts in cocoa, sugar and...

  7. 17 CFR 22.17 - Policies and procedures governing disbursements of Cleared Swaps Customer Collateral from Cleared...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... Section 22.17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CLEARED SWAPS § 22... of Cleared Swaps Customer Collateral with the funds of a futures commission merchant, shall not be construed to prevent a futures commission merchant from having a residual financial interest in the funds...

  8. 76 FR 33817 - Protection of Cleared Swaps Customer Contracts and Collateral; Conforming Amendments to the...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-09

    ...-defaulting cleared swaps customers for risk management reasons. If the DCO makes such a choice, it would... risk management standpoint. Id. 4. Benefits a. Fellow-Customer Risk and Investment Risk In general... 22 and 190 Protection of Cleared Swaps Customer Contracts and Collateral; Conforming Amendments to...

  9. 17 CFR 162.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... control with a covered affiliate. (b) Clear and conspicuous. The term “clear and conspicuous” means... exchange dealer, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap..., commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap participant or swap...

  10. 17 CFR 162.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... corporate control with a covered affiliate. (b) Clear and conspicuous. The term “clear and conspicuous... exchange dealer, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap..., commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap participant or swap...

  11. 17 CFR 162.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... control with a covered affiliate. (b) Clear and conspicuous. The term “clear and conspicuous” means... exchange dealer, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap..., commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap participant or swap...

  12. 77 FR 41601 - Process for Submissions for Review of Security-Based Swaps for Mandatory Clearing and Notice...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-13

    ... Swaps g. Other Issues Related to Security-Based Swap Submissions h. Additional Comments 2. Prevention of... clearing and exchange trading due to individual business needs of certain users. Those users should retain...

  13. 75 FR 34983 - Order (1) Pursuant to Section 4(c) of the Commodity Exchange Act, Permitting the Kansas City...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-21

    ... Act, Permitting the Kansas City Board of Trade Clearing Corporation To Clear Over-the-Counter Wheat...-the-counter (OTC) swap agreements (swaps) in wheat. Authority for granting this request is found in... grant KCBTCC approval to clear OTC wheat calendar swaps, and it would permit KCBT to list those products...

  14. 78 FR 22350 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; ICE Clear Credit LLC; Notice of Filing and Order Granting...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-15

    ... governing security-based swap data repositories and security-based swap reporting. See, e.g., Pub. L. No... Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (``DTCC''), in conjunction with DTCC Data Repository (U.S.) LLC.\\40... 75208 (Dec. 2, 2010); Security-Based Swap Data Repository Registration, Duties, and Core Principles...

  15. 78 FR 42579 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-16

    ... Change Regarding a Change to Interest Rate Swap Margin Calculation Parameters July 10, 2013. Pursuant to... Interest Rate Swap Margin Parameters Please be advised that beginning 7/15/2013, CME Clearing will utilize a revised set of parameters for the margining of CME cleared Interest Rate Swap Products. The...

  16. 78 FR 42572 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-16

    ... Change Regarding Interest Rate Swap Clearing Changes July 10, 2013. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the... a derivatives clearing organization offering interest rate swap (``IRS'') clearing services. More... the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and currently offers clearing services for interest rate...

  17. 17 CFR 50.25 - Clearing requirement compliance schedule.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... major security-based swap participant; or an active fund. Category 2Entity means a commodity pool; a... beneficial owner to clear swaps. (b) Upon issuing a clearing requirement determination under section 2(h)(2... Entity, or any other entity that desires to clear the transaction, must comply with the requirements of...

  18. 75 FR 82489 - Process for Submissions for Review of Security-Based Swaps for Mandatory Clearing and Notice...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-30

    ... Part IV Securities and Exchange Commission 17 CFR Parts 240 and 249 Process for Submissions for Review of Security-Based Swaps for Mandatory Clearing and Notice Filing Requirements for Clearing...;#0; [[Page 82490

  19. 17 CFR 39.5 - Review of swaps for Commission determination on clearing requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... publicly; (vi) Risk management procedures, including measurement and monitoring of credit exposures... derivative clearing organization's ability to manage the risks associated with clearing the swap, especially... of rule framework, capacity, operational expertise and resources, and credit support infrastructure...

  20. 17 CFR 39.5 - Review of swaps for Commission determination on clearing requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... publicly; (vi) Risk management procedures, including measurement and monitoring of credit exposures... derivative clearing organization's ability to manage the risks associated with clearing the swap, especially... of rule framework, capacity, operational expertise and resources, and credit support infrastructure...

  1. 75 FR 80747 - End-User Exception to Mandatory Clearing of Swaps

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-23

    ...The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC'' or ``Commission'') is proposing new requirements governing the elective exception to mandatory clearing of swaps available for swap counterparties meeting certain conditions under Section 2(h)(7) of the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The Commission is requesting comments on the proposed rule and related matters.

  2. 76 FR 43851 - Large Trader Reporting for Physical Commodity Swaps

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-22

    ... position, or gross long and gross short futures equivalent positions on a non-delta-adjusted basis if the... from clearing organizations, clearing members and swap dealers and apply non-routine reporting... implementing and conducting effective surveillance of economically equivalent physical commodity futures...

  3. 75 FR 67277 - Process for Review of Swaps for Mandatory Clearing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-02

    ... enacted to reduce risk, increase transparency, and promote market integrity within the financial system by... ability to manage the risks associated with clearing the swap, especially if the Commission determines... relating to product specifications; participant eligibility standards; pricing sources, models, and...

  4. 76 FR 44464 - Process for Review of Swaps for Mandatory Clearing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-26

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Parts 39 and 140 RIN 3038-AD00 Process for Review of Swaps for Mandatory Clearing AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Commission or CFTC) is adopting regulations to implement...

  5. 77 FR 66211 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-02

    ... audited by independent public accountants to all CDS Clearing Members engaged in security-based swap... clearing security-based swaps a report by independent public accountants regarding CME Group's system of... CME Group Inc. by independent public accountant regarding its system of internal accounting control...

  6. 75 FR 4626 - Order Granting a Temporary Exemption From Certain Government Securities Act Provisions and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-28

    ... accommodate customer clearing of credit default swaps that reference government securities. Treasury is also... regulations impose obligations concerning financial responsibility, protection of customer securities and... clearance of credit default swaps (CDS)\\8\\ transactions on behalf of customers of ICE Trust clearing members...

  7. 76 FR 49291 - Agricultural Swaps

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-10

    ...) Pursuant to Section 4(c) of the Commodity Exchange Act, Permitting the Kansas City Board of Trade Clearing Corporation To Clear Over-the-Counter Wheat Calendar Swaps and (2) Pursuant to Section 4d of the Commodity... businesses that produce, process, and merchandize energy commodities at retail and wholesale levels; National...

  8. 77 FR 42559 - End-User Exception to the Clearing Requirement for Swaps

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-19

    ...-owners to support their general business activities, rather than to finance purchases from its member... using non-cleared swaps to hedge risks associated with their underlying business, such as manufacturing... (IPM&CSA) stated that the end-user exception should be narrowly tailored to businesses that produce...

  9. 78 FR 14870 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc.; Notice of Filing and Order...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-07

    ... Proposed Rule Change Regarding Acceptance of Additional Interest Rate Swaps for Clearing March 1, 2013... amend rules related to its business as a derivatives clearing organization offering interest rate swap... this notice to solicit comments on the proposed rule change from interested persons and to approve the...

  10. 76 FR 34920 - Exemptions for Security-Based Swaps Issued by Certain Clearing Agencies

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-15

    ... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 17 CFR Parts 230, 240 and 260 [Release Nos. 33-9222; 34-64639; 39-2474; File No. S7-22-11] RIN 3235-AL16 Exemptions for Security-Based Swaps Issued by Certain Clearing Agencies AGENCY: Securities and Exchange Commission. ACTION: Proposed rules. SUMMARY: We are...

  11. 75 FR 75520 - Order Extending Temporary Conditional Exemptions Under The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-03

    ... other things, that transactions in security-based swaps be cleared through a clearing agency that is... Reserve System, shall, among other things, jointly further define the terms ``swap'' and ``security- based... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-63389; File No. S7-16-09] Order Extending...

  12. 77 FR 69694 - Determination of Foreign Exchange Swaps and Foreign Exchange Forwards Under the Commodity...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-20

    ... trading and clearing of foreign exchange swaps and foreign exchange forwards would create systemic risk... clearing and exchange trading requirements on the foreign exchange market would increase systemic risk by... argue that the exemption would create a large regulatory loophole that could exacerbate systemic risk...

  13. 75 FR 75162 - Protection of Cleared Swaps Customers Before and After Commodity Broker Bankruptcies

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-02

    ... are different from the current model for protecting futures customer collateral would bring... 10-11. (4) Baseline Model--The current approach to futures. The rights and obligations arising out of... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 190 RIN 3038-AD99 Protection of Cleared Swaps...

  14. 17 CFR 50.4 - Classes of swaps required to be cleared.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... Fixed-to-floating swap class Currency U.S. dollar (USD) Euro (EUR) Sterling (GBP) Yen (JPY). Floating.... Conditional Notional Amounts No No No No. Specification Basis swap class Currency U.S. dollar (USD) Euro (EUR... agreement class Currency U.S. dollar (USD) Euro (EUR) Sterling (GBP) Yen (JPY). Floating Rate Indexes LIBOR...

  15. 76 FR 12645 - Ownership Limitations and Governance Requirements for Security-Based Swap Clearing Agencies...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-08

    ... 3235-AK74 Ownership Limitations and Governance Requirements for Security- Based Swap Clearing Agencies...., Washington, DC 20549, on official business days between the hours of 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. All comments received... the Dodd-Frank Act, the Commission shall adopt such rules if it determines that they are necessary or...

  16. 77 FR 20127 - Swap Dealer and Major Swap Participant Recordkeeping, Reporting, and Duties Rules; Futures...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-03

    ... between research and trading and between clearing and trading. Finally, these regulations also require... compared to the costs involved. ISDA & SIFMA provided the Commission with no quantitative data regarding...

  17. 77 FR 22825 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc.; Notice of Filing and Order...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-17

    ... Proposed Rule Change Regarding Acceptance of Additional Interest Rate Swaps and Related Interbank Rates for... organization offering interest rate swap (``IRS'') clearing services. More specifically, the proposed rule... Dollar (``AUD'') [[Page 22826

  18. 78 FR 19339 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; ICE Clear Credit LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-29

    ... Circular Related to Swap Data Repository Reporting March 21, 2013. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the... (``CFTC'') Part 43 and Part 45 regulations (Swap Data Repository Reporting) (``ICC Circular 2013/005...

  19. 75 FR 79992 - End-User Exception to Mandatory Clearing of Security-Based Swaps

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-21

    ...In accordance with the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (``Dodd-Frank Act''), the Securities and Exchange Commission (``Commission'') is proposing new Rule 3Cg-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (``Exchange Act'') governing the exception to mandatory clearing of security-based swaps available for counterparties meeting certain conditions. The Commission is requesting comments on the proposed rule and related matters.

  20. 75 FR 59666 - Agricultural Swaps

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-28

    ..., grain sorghums, mill feeds, butter, eggs, Solanum tuberosum (Irish potatoes), wool, wool tops, fats and oils (including lard, tallow, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, and all other fats and oils... the Commodity Exchange Act (a) Permitting Eligible Swap Participants To Submit for Clearing and ICE...

  1. 78 FR 66621 - Protection of Collateral of Counterparties to Uncleared Swaps; Treatment of Securities in a...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-06

    ...The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the ``Commission'') is issuing final rules implementing new statutory provisions enacted by Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the ``Dodd-Frank Act''). Specifically, the final rule contained herein imposes requirements on swap dealers (``SDs'') and major swap participants (``MSPs'') with respect to the treatment of collateral posted by their counterparties to margin, guarantee, or secure uncleared swaps. Additionally, the final rule includes revisions to ensure that, for purposes of subchapter IV of chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code, securities held in a portfolio margining account that is a futures account or a Cleared Swaps Customer Account constitute ``customer property''; and owners of such account constitute ``customers.''

  2. 17 CFR 37.1000 - Core Principle 10-Recordkeeping and reporting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... records relating to swaps defined in section 1a(47)(A)(v) of the Act open to inspection and examination by the Securities and Exchange Commission. (b) Requirements. The Commission shall adopt data collection... requirements for derivatives clearing organizations and swap data repositories. ...

  3. 77 FR 65177 - Swap Data Repositories: Interpretative Statement Regarding the Confidentiality and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-25

    ... participation in standard-setting bodies to develop international standards relevant to the swap markets. Cloud Strategix, LLC (``Cloud Strategix''), representing the data hosting and cloud computing industry, in... Roundtable, June 6, 2012; (iii) Cloud Strategix, LLC, June 5, 2012; and (iv) the Depository Trust & Clearing...

  4. 78 FR 21046 - Amendment to Rule Filing Requirements for Dually-Registered Clearing Agencies

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-09

    ... relating to foreign currency, or, in general, any instrument commonly known as a `security'; or any..., potentially, energy and foreign exchange swaps.\\35\\ CME raised concerns that, by omitting swaps and certain... substantial potential delays'' when implementing rule changes that deal with products over which the...

  5. 76 FR 58186 - Swap Transaction Compliance and Implementation Schedule: Clearing and Trade Execution...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-20

    ...(h) of the CEA, by any of the following methods: Agency Web site, via its Comments Online process at... promote market integrity within the financial system by, among other things: (1) Providing for the... existing and potential market infrastructures, including clearinghouses, trading platforms, and swap data...

  6. 17 CFR 50.50 - Exceptions to the clearing requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... the reduction of risks in the conduct and management of a commercial enterprise, where the risks arise... causes to be provided, the information specified in paragraph (b) of this section to a registered swap data repository or, if no registered swap data repository is available to receive the information from...

  7. 17 CFR 50.50 - Exceptions to the clearing requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... management of a commercial enterprise, where the risks arise from: (A) The potential change in the value of... information specified in paragraph (b) of this section to a registered swap data repository or, if no registered swap data repository is available to receive the information from the reporting counterparty, to...

  8. 17 CFR 39.15 - Treatment of funds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... members and customers; (J) An analysis of the ability of the derivatives clearing organization to manage a... the criteria that would be used to define eligible futures, options, and swaps; (B) Analysis of the...) Analysis of the liquidity of the respective markets for the futures, options, and swaps that would be...

  9. 17 CFR 39.15 - Treatment of funds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... members and customers; (J) An analysis of the ability of the derivatives clearing organization to manage a... the criteria that would be used to define eligible futures, options, and swaps; (B) Analysis of the...) Analysis of the liquidity of the respective markets for the futures, options, and swaps that would be...

  10. 17 CFR 39.15 - Treatment of funds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... members and customers; (J) An analysis of the ability of the derivatives clearing organization to manage a... the criteria that would be used to define eligible futures, options, and swaps; (B) Analysis of the...) Analysis of the liquidity of the respective markets for the futures, options, and swaps that would be...

  11. Geospatial Video Monitoring of Benthic Habitats Using the Shallow-Water Positioning System (SWaPS)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-01-01

    established from the video frames collected using SWaPS. C) Cover contours for the seagrass Thalassia testudinum. A B C surveyed using a spatial grid...distributions of seagrass species within this area are clearly influenced by their tolerance to salinity patterns. Thalassia testudinum, a species

  12. 75 FR 65881 - Ownership Limitations and Governance Requirements for Security-Based Swap Clearing Agencies...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-26

    ... or make available for trading security-based swaps: Nancy Burke-Sanow, Assistant Director, at (202... Cong. (2008) (Statement of Erik Sirri, Director of the Division of Trading and Markets, Commission..., 2009, and letter from Ann K. Shuman, Managing Director and Deputy General Counsel, CME, to Elizabeth...

  13. 17 CFR 50.4 - Classes of swaps required to be cleared.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... class Currency U.S. dollar (USD) Euro (EUR) Sterling (GBP) Yen (JPY). Floating Rate Indexes LIBOR... Amounts No No No No. Specification Basis swap class Currency U.S. dollar (USD) Euro (EUR) Sterling (GBP... Currency U.S. dollar (USD) Euro (EUR) Sterling (GBP) Yen (JPY). Floating Rate Indexes LIBOR EURIBOR LIBOR...

  14. 78 FR 62787 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-22

    ... component of its current IRS margin model. The proposed change is reflected in an Advisory Notice issued to... offers clearing for a variety of swaps products under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Commodity Futures... rate swaps (``IRS''). CME proposes to make certain changes to its current IRS margin model in relation...

  15. 77 FR 6335 - Protection of Cleared Swaps Customer Contracts and Collateral; Conforming Amendments to the...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-07

    ... requirement, in turn, limits the Commission's flexibility in designing a model for the protection of customer... level for portfolios of swaps. The DCO's margin methodology will be designed to estimate the amount of... collected by a DCO is designed to cover most (e.g., 99%), but not all, potential losses incurred by a...

  16. 75 FR 22656 - Order Extending Temporary Conditional Exemptions Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-29

    ... Behalf of ICE Clear Europe, Limited Related to Central Clearing of Credit Default Swaps, and Request for... in connection with CDS clearing by ICE Clear Europe Limited) (``2009 ICE Clear Europe order...), 75 FR 11589 (Mar. 11, 2010) (temporary exemptions in connection with CDS clearing by ICE Trust US LLC...

  17. Give a Book, Take a Book | Poster

    Cancer.gov

    Collection has begun for the 15th Annual Book & Media Swap sponsored by the Scientific Library. NCI at Frederick staff can use this opportunity to clear out personal book and DVD shelves of unwanted materials, donate them to the swap, and then receive “new” materials in return. The library staff will collect materials through Tuesday, Oct. 27. Kick-off day for the event is

  18. 76 FR 6095 - Commodity Options and Agricultural Swaps

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-03

    ..., Solanum tuberosum (Irish potatoes), wool, wool tops, fats and oils (including lard, tallow, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, and all other fats and oils), cottonseed meal, cottonseed, peanuts, soybeans... Participants To Submit for Clearing and ICE Clear U.S., Inc. and Futures Commission Merchants To Clear Certain...

  19. 77 FR 27255 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; ICE Clear Credit LLC; Order Approving Proposed Rule Change To...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-09

    ... Organizations; ICE Clear Credit LLC; Order Approving Proposed Rule Change To Reduce the Current Level of Risk Mutualization Among Clearing Participants and To Modify the Initial Margin Risk Model So That It Is Easier for... modifications to its risk model for clearing credit default swaps (``CDS'') contracts. For the first...

  20. Structure of Pseudoknot PK26 Shows 3D Domain Swapping in an RNA

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lietzke, Susan E; Barnes, Cindy L.

    1998-01-01

    3D domain swapping provides a facile pathway for the evolution of oligomeric proteins and allosteric mechanisms and a means for using monomer-oligomer equilibria to regulate biological activity. The term "3D domain swapping" describes the exchange of identical domains between two protein monomers to create an oligomer. 3D domain swapping has, so far, only been recognized in proteins. In this study, the structure of the pseudoknot PK26 is reported and it is a clear example of 3D domain swapping in RNA. PK26 was chosen for study because RNA pseudoknots are required structures in several biological processes and they arise frequently in in vitro selection experiments directed against protein targets. PK26 specifically inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with nanomolar affinity. We have now determined the 3.1 A resolution crystal structure of PK26 and find that it forms a 3D domain swapped dimer. PK26 shows extensive base pairing between and within strands. Formation of the dimer requires the linker region between the pseudoknot folds to adopt a unique conformation that allows a base within a helical stem to skip one base in the stacking register. Rearrangement of the linker would permit a monomeric pseudoknot to form. This structure shows how RNA can use 3D domain swapping to build large scale oligomers like the putative hexamer in the packaging RNA of bacteriophage Phi29.

  1. 76 FR 45724 - Clearing Member Risk Management

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-01

    ... Management AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking. SUMMARY: The... proposed rules address risk management for cleared trades by futures commission merchants, swap dealers... Commission has proposed extensive regulations addressing open access and risk management at the derivatives...

  2. CLEARING MAGNET DESIGN FOR APS-U

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Abliz, M.; Grimmer, J.; Jaski, Y.

    2017-06-25

    The Advanced Photon Source is in the process of developing an upgrade (APS-U) of the storage ring. The upgrade will be converting the current double bend achromat (DBA) lattice to a multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice. In addition, the storage ring will be operated at 6 GeV and 200 mA with regular swap-out injection to keep the stored beam current constant [1]. The swap-out injection will take place with beamline shutters open. For radiation safety to ensure that no electrons can exit the storage ring, a passive method of protecting the beamline and containing the electrons inside the storage ring ismore » proposed. A clearing magnet will be located in all beamline front ends inside the storage ring tunnel. This article will discuss the features and design of the clearing magnet scheme for APS-U.« less

  3. 78 FR 332 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; ICE Clear Europe Limited; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-03

    ..., the SPAN Arrays published by ICE Clear Europe include the Volatility Risk Credit Rate (the Offset Rate... Rule Change Related to SPAN Margin Methodology Enhancements to Inter-Contract Credits and Average..., the Proposed Rule Change In addition to providing clearing services for credit default swaps, ICE...

  4. 17 CFR 50.25 - Clearing requirement compliance schedule.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... participant; or an active fund. Category 2Entity means a commodity pool; a private fund as defined in section..., and is responsible for the documentation necessary for the account's beneficial owner to clear swaps... desires to clear the transaction, must comply with the requirements of section 2(h)(1)(A) of the Act no...

  5. 77 FR 33013 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; ICE Clear Credit LLC; Notice of Designation of a Longer Period for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-04

    ... Organizations; ICE Clear Credit LLC; Notice of Designation of a Longer Period for Commission Action on Proposed Rule Change To Add Rules Related to the Clearing of Emerging Markets Sovereign Index Credit Default Swaps May 29, 2012. On April 3, 2012, ICE Clear Credit (``ICC'') filed with the Securities and Exchange...

  6. Arginine-lysine positional swap of the LL-37 peptides reveals evolutional advantages of the native sequence and leads to bacterial probes.

    PubMed

    Wang, Xiuqing; Junior, José Carlos Bozelli; Mishra, Biswajit; Lushnikova, Tamara; Epand, Richard M; Wang, Guangshun

    2017-08-01

    Antimicrobial peptides are essential components of the innate immune system of multicellular organisms. Although cationic and hydrophobic amino acids are known determinants of these amphipathic molecules for bacterial killing, it is not clear how lysine-arginine (K-R) positional swaps influence peptide structure and activity. This study addresses this question by investigating two groups of peptides (GF-17 and 17BIPHE2) derived from human cathelicidin LL-37. K-R positional swap showed little effect on minimal inhibitory concentrations of the peptides. However, there are clear differences in bacterial killing kinetics. The membrane permeation patterns vary with peptide and bacterial types, but not changes in fluorescent dyes, salts or pH. In general, the original peptide is more efficient in bacterial killing, but less toxic to human cells, than the K-R swapped peptides, revealing the evolutionary significance of the native sequence for host defense. The characteristic membrane permeation patterns for different bacteria suggest a possible application of these K-R positional-swapped peptides as molecular probes for the type of bacteria. Such differences are related to bacterial membrane compositions: minimal for Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus with essentially all anionic lipids (cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol), but evident for Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli with a mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Biophysical characterization found similar structures and binding affinities for these peptides in vesicle systems mimicking E. coli and S. aureus. It seems that interfacial arginines of GF-17 are preferred over lysines in bacterial membrane permeation. Our study sheds new light on the design of cationic amphipathic peptides. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  7. Give a Book, Take a Book | Poster

    Cancer.gov

    Collection has begun for the 15th Annual Book & Media Swap sponsored by the Scientific Library. NCI at Frederick staff can use this opportunity to clear out personal book and DVD shelves of unwanted materials, donate them to the swap, and then receive “new” materials in return. The library staff will collect materials through Tuesday, Oct. 27. Kick-off day for the event is Wednesday, Oct. 28, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m., in the lobby of the Conference Center in Building 549.

  8. Spin-orbit driven magnetic insulating state with J eff=1/2 character in a 4d oxide

    DOE PAGES

    Calder, S.; Li, Ling; Okamoto, Satoshi; ...

    2015-11-30

    The unusual magnetic and electronic ground states of 5d iridates has been shown to be driven by intrinsically enhanced spin-orbit coupling (SOC). The influence of appreciable but reduced SOC in creating the manifested magnetic insulating states in 4d oxides is less clear, with one hurdle being the existence of such compounds. Here we present experimental and theoretical results on Sr 4RhO 6 that reveal SOC dominated behavior. Neutron measurements show the octahedra are both spatially separated and locally ideal, making the electronic ground state susceptible to alterations by SOC. Magnetic ordering is observed with a similar structure to an analogousmore » J eff=1/2 Mott iridate. We consider the underlying role of SOC in this rhodate with density functional theory and x-ray absorption spectroscopy and find a magnetic insulating ground state with J eff =1/2 character.The unusual magnetic and electronic ground states of 5d iridates have been shown to be driven by intrinsically enhanced spin-orbit coupling (SOC). The influence of appreciable but reduced SOC in creating the manifested magnetic insulating states in 4d oxides is less clear, with one hurdle being the existence of such compounds. Here, we present experimental and theoretical results on Sr 4RhO 6 that reveal SOC dominated behavior. Neutron measurements show the octahedra are both spatially separated and locally ideal, making the electronic ground state susceptible to alterations by SOC. Magnetic ordering is observed with a similar structure to an analogous J eff=1/2 Mott iridate. We consider the underlying role of SOC in this rhodate with density functional theory and x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and find a magnetic insulating ground state with J eff=12 character.« less

  9. Preliminary Results on Irradiance Measurements from Lyra and Swap

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kumara, S. T.; Kariyappa, R.; Dominique, M.; Berghmans, D.; Damé, L.; Hochedez, J. F.; Doddamani, V. H.; Chitta, Lakshmi Pradeep

    The first and preliminary results of the photometry of Large Yield Radiometer (LYRA) and Sun Watcher using Active Pixel system detector and Image Processing (SWAP) onboard PROBA2 are presented in this paper. To study the day-to-day variations of LYRA irradiance, we have compared the LYRA irradiance values (observed Sun as a star) measured in Aluminum filter channel (171Å-500Å) with spatially resolved full-disk integrated intensity values measured with SWAP (174Å) and Ca II K 1 Å index values (ground-based observations from NSO/Sac Peak) for the period from 01 April 2010 to 15 Mar 2011. We found that there is a good correlation between these parameters. This indicates that the spatial resolution of SWAP complements the high temporal resolution of LYRA. Hence SWAP can be considered as an additional radiometric channel. Also the K emission index is the integrated intensity (or flux) over a 1 Å band centered on the K line and is proportional to the total emission from the chromosphere; this comparison clearly explains that the LYRA irradiance variations are due to the various magnetic features, which are contributing significantly. In addition to this we have made an attempt to segregate coronal features from full-disk SWAP images. This will help to understand and determine the actual contribution of the individual coronal feature to LYRA irradiance variations.

  10. 75 FR 63732 - Requirements for Derivatives Clearing Organizations, Designated Contract Markets, and Swap...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-18

    ... governance of certain DCOs, DCMs, or SEFs or to mitigate systemic risk, promote competition, or mitigate... the clearinghouses to reduce systemic risk, we have the banks now owning the clearinghouses. The... subject to [the CEA] and the avoidance of systemic risk.'' \\20\\ Clearing members contribute substantial...

  11. Pollution Swapping in Agricultural Systems: deciding between mitigation measures with conflicting outcomes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Quinton, John; Stevens, Carly

    2010-05-01

    Pollution swapping occurs when a mitigation option introduced to reduce one pollutant results in an increase in a different pollutant. Although the concept of pollution swapping is widely understood it has received little attention in research and policy design. This study investigated diffuse pollution mitigation options applied in combinable crop systems. They are: cover crops, residue management, no-tillage, riparian buffer zones, contour grass strips and constructed wetlands. A wide range of water and atmospheric pollutants were considered, including nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon and sulphur. It is clear from this investigation that there is no single mitigation option that will reduce all pollutants and in this poster we consider how choices may be made between mitigation measures which may have a positive effect on one pollutant but a negative effect on another.

  12. 76 FR 79258 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Order...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-21

    ... to amend rules related to existing cleared-only foreign exchange (``FX'') currency derivatives... SR-CME-2011-12 to establish rules to expand its cleared-only, foreign currency (``FX'') swaps offering to support the introduction of (1) twenty-six new foreign FX currency derivatives for over-the...

  13. 75 FR 75518 - Order Extending Temporary Conditional Exemptions Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-03

    ... things, that transactions in security-based swaps be cleared through a clearing agency that is registered... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-63390; File No. S7-17-09] Order Extending Temporary Conditional Exemptions Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in Connection With Request on...

  14. 76 FR 60110 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-28

    ... promoting market transparency for over-the- counter derivatives markets, promoting the prompt and accurate... primarily related to CME's swaps clearing activities pursuant to its registration as a derivatives clearing... before October 19, 2011. For the Commission by the Division of Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated...

  15. 75 FR 67282 - Provisions Common to Registered Entities

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-02

    ...The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``Commission'' or ``CFTC'') is proposing rules to implement new statutory provisions enacted under Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (``Dodd-Frank Act'') and amend existing rules affected by the passage of the Dodd-Frank Act. These proposed rules apply to designated contract markets (``DCMs''), derivatives clearing organizations (``DCOs''), swap execution facilities (``SEFs'') and swap data repositories (``SDRs''). The proposed rules implement the new statutory framework for certification and approval for new products, new rules and rule amendments submitted to the Commission by registered entities. Furthermore, the proposed rules prohibit event contracts based on certain excluded commodities, establish special procedures for certain rule changes proposed by systemically important derivatives clearing organizations (``SIDCOs''), and provide for the tolling of review periods for certain novel derivative products pending the resolution of jurisdictional determinations.

  16. 77 FR 62275 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; ICE Clear Credit LLC; Notice of Filing and Order Granting...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-12

    ... to its Rules to implement the enhanced margin segregation model for cleared swaps that the Commodity... on a customer-by-customer basis, and (iii) change the default ``waterfall'' to limit ICC's ability to... margin requirement,'' and ``Participant excess margin'' have been deleted to reflect the LSOC model and...

  17. 77 FR 44441 - Swap Transaction Compliance and Implementation Schedule: Clearing Requirement Under Section 2(h...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-30

    ... implementing Title VII, the Commission should focus first on systemic risk issues and then issues relating to... implementation of the Clearing Requirement will serve to reduce systemic risk by mitigating counterparty credit... non-financial end-users because they do not pose systemic risk, and, therefore, should be given the...

  18. 78 FR 52285 - Clearing Exemption for Certain Swaps Entered Into by Cooperatives

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-22

    ... for their members. In this role, the cooperatives, in effect, face the financial markets as... not need a cooperative to face the market. The ICBA also commented that all of the component entities...

  19. Comparison of human radiation exchange models in outdoor areas

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Park, Sookuk; Tuller, Stanton E.

    2011-10-01

    Results from the radiation components of seven different human thermal exchange models/methods are compared. These include the Burt, COMFA, MENEX, OUT_SET* and RayMan models, the six-directional method and the new Park and Tuller model employing projected area factors ( f p) and effective radiation area factors ( f eff) determined from a sample of normal- and over-weight Canadian Caucasian adults. Input data include solar and longwave radiation measured during a clear summer day in southern Ontario. Variations between models came from differences in f p and f eff and different estimates of longwave radiation from the open sky. The ranges between models for absorbed solar, net longwave and net all-wave radiation were 164, 31 and 187 W m-2, respectively. These differentials between models can be significant in total human thermal exchange. Therefore, proper f p and f eff values should be used to make accurate estimation of radiation on the human body surface.

  20. 17 CFR 39.5 - Review of swaps for Commission determination on clearing requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... publicly; (vi) Risk management procedures, including measurement and monitoring of credit exposures, initial and variation margin methodology, methodologies for stress testing and back testing, settlement procedures, and default management procedures; (vii) Applicable rules, manuals, policies, or procedures...

  1. 17 CFR 240.3a68-2 - Requests for interpretation of swaps, security-based swaps, and mixed swaps.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... swaps, security-based swaps, and mixed swaps. 240.3a68-2 Section 240.3a68-2 Commodity and Securities..., Security-Based Swap, and Security-Based Swap Agreement; Mixed Swaps; Security-Based Swap Agreement Recordkeeping § 240.3a68-2 Requests for interpretation of swaps, security-based swaps, and mixed swaps. (a) In...

  2. 17 CFR 240.3a68-2 - Requests for interpretation of swaps, security-based swaps, and mixed swaps.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... swaps, security-based swaps, and mixed swaps. 240.3a68-2 Section 240.3a68-2 Commodity and Securities..., Security-Based Swap, and Security-Based Swap Agreement; Mixed Swaps; Security-Based Swap Agreement Recordkeeping § 240.3a68-2 Requests for interpretation of swaps, security-based swaps, and mixed swaps. (a) In...

  3. 17 CFR 1.55 - Public disclosures by futures commission merchants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ...) A basic overview of customer fund segregation, futures commission merchant collateral management and... futures customer, Cleared Swaps Customer, and 30.7 customer receivable balances that the futures... financial data for futures commission merchants. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under...

  4. HEALTH RISK ISSUES RELATED TO MTBE IN DRINKING WATER

    EPA Science Inventory

    Despite the attention given to methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) as a contaminant in ground water and surface water, the implications of such contamination for human health have not been clearly established to date. Limitations in the databases for both exposure and health effe...

  5. 76 FR 43376 - Order Granting Temporary Exemptions From Certain Government Securities Act Provisions and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-20

    ... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Order Granting Temporary Exemptions From Certain Government Securities... temporary exemptions from certain Government Securities Act of 1986 provisions and regulations regarding transactions in credit default swaps that reference government securities. ICE Clear Credit LLC requested these...

  6. 17 CFR 1.8 - Requests for interpretation of swaps, security-based swaps, and mixed swaps.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... swaps, security-based swaps, and mixed swaps. 1.8 Section 1.8 Commodity and Securities Exchanges... Requests for interpretation of swaps, security-based swaps, and mixed swaps. (a) In general. Any person may... Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; or (3) A mixed swap, as that term is...

  7. 17 CFR 1.8 - Requests for interpretation of swaps, security-based swaps, and mixed swaps.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... swaps, security-based swaps, and mixed swaps. 1.8 Section 1.8 Commodity and Securities Exchanges... Requests for interpretation of swaps, security-based swaps, and mixed swaps. (a) In general. Any person may... Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; or (3) A mixed swap, as that term is...

  8. 78 FR 21749 - Clearing Exemption for Swaps Between Certain Affiliated Entities

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-11

    .... \\10\\ EEI commented that ``corporate families typically face bankruptcy together'' and that it is... cause increased risk to clearinghouses that would face multiple entities going into default at the same... these benefits.\\11\\ ISDA & SIFMA also commented that third parties face no increased risk from inter...

  9. 77 FR 41940 - Clearing Exemption for Certain Swaps Entered Into by Cooperatives

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-17

    ... Act Section 4(c)(1) of the CEA provides that, in order to promote responsible economic or financial... members of the cooperative promotes greater economic efficiency and lower costs for the members. The... responsible economic and financial innovation and fair competition. The Commission requests public comment on...

  10. 17 CFR 20.6 - Maintenance of books and records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Maintenance of books and... TRADER REPORTING FOR PHYSICAL COMMODITY SWAPS § 20.6 Maintenance of books and records. (a) Every clearing... books and records showing all records for transactions resulting in such positions, which may be kept...

  11. 17 CFR 20.6 - Maintenance of books and records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Maintenance of books and... TRADER REPORTING FOR PHYSICAL COMMODITY SWAPS § 20.6 Maintenance of books and records. (a) Every clearing... books and records showing all records for transactions resulting in such positions, which may be kept...

  12. 17 CFR 20.6 - Maintenance of books and records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Maintenance of books and... TRADER REPORTING FOR PHYSICAL COMMODITY SWAPS § 20.6 Maintenance of books and records. (a) Every clearing... books and records showing all records for transactions resulting in such positions, which may be kept...

  13. Degradation of Phosphate Ester Hydraulic Fluid in Power Station Turbines Investigated by a Three-Magnet Unilateral Magnet Array

    PubMed Central

    Guo, Pan; He, Wei; García-Naranjo, Juan C.

    2014-01-01

    A three-magnet array unilateral NMR sensor with a homogeneous sensitive spot was employed for assessing aging of the turbine oils used in two different power stations. The Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequence and Inversion Recovery-prepared CPMG were employed for measuring the 1H-NMR transverse and longitudinal relaxation times of turbine oils with different service status. Two signal components with different lifetimes were obtained by processing the transverse relaxation curves with a numeric program based on the Inverse Laplace Transformation. The long lifetime components of the transverse relaxation time T2eff and longitudinal relaxation time T1 were chosen to monitor the hydraulic fluid aging. The results demonstrate that an increase of the service time of the turbine oils clearly results in a decrease of T2eff,long and T1,long. This indicates that the T2eff,long and T1,long relaxation times, obtained from the unilateral magnetic resonance measurements, can be applied as indices for degradation of the hydraulic fluid in power station turbines. PMID:24736132

  14. Degradation of phosphate ester hydraulic fluid in power station turbines investigated by a three-magnet unilateral magnet array.

    PubMed

    Guo, Pan; He, Wei; García-Naranjo, Juan C

    2014-04-14

    A three-magnet array unilateral NMR sensor with a homogeneous sensitive spot was employed for assessing aging of the turbine oils used in two different power stations. The Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequence and Inversion Recovery-prepared CPMG were employed for measuring the ¹H-NMR transverse and longitudinal relaxation times of turbine oils with different service status. Two signal components with different lifetimes were obtained by processing the transverse relaxation curves with a numeric program based on the Inverse Laplace Transformation. The long lifetime components of the transverse relaxation time T₂eff and longitudinal relaxation time T₁ were chosen to monitor the hydraulic fluid aging. The results demonstrate that an increase of the service time of the turbine oils clearly results in a decrease of T₂eff,long and T₁,long. This indicates that the T₂eff,long and T₁,long relaxation times, obtained from the unilateral magnetic resonance measurements, can be applied as indices for degradation of the hydraulic fluid in power station turbines.

  15. 75 FR 55575 - Joint Public Roundtable To Discuss Data for Swaps and Security-Based Swaps, Swap Data...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-13

    ...; File No. 4-611] Joint Public Roundtable To Discuss Data for Swaps and Security- Based Swaps, Swap Data Repositories, Security-Based Swap Data Repositories, and Real-Time Public Reporting AGENCY: Commodity Futures... public roundtable discussion at which invited participants will discuss data for swaps and security-based...

  16. 78 FR 71694 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-29

    ... Change CME is registered as a derivatives clearing organization with the Commodity Futures Trading... change reflects the addition of new derivatives products, namely, the MXN-TIIE-BANXICO Rate Option for... Change Regarding the Addition of a New Rate Option for Interest Rate Swaps Denominated in Mexican Peso...

  17. 77 FR 75454 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc.; Order Approving Proposed Rule...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-20

    ..., make available financial statements audited by independent public accountants to all CDS Clearing... swaps a report of CME Group by independent public accountant regarding its system of internal accounting... Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Public Law 111-203, 124 Stat.1376 (2010). \\5...

  18. 77 FR 75211 - Order Granting Conditional Exemptions Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in Connection...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-19

    ... appropriate risk management and disclosure. In particular, the conditions seek to preserve customers' ability... customers that are affiliates of the BD/FCM--and relate to the risk management and other safeguards the BD... commingle and portfolio margin customer positions in cleared credit default swaps (``CDS''), which include...

  19. 76 FR 18536 - Agency Information Collection Activities Under OMB Review

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-04

    ... soliciting comments on this collection of information was published on January 11, 2011. 76 FR 1603. \\2... FR 1603, 1604. \\5\\ See CFTC NPRM: End-User Exception to Mandatory Clearing of Swaps, 75 FR 80747... FR 1603, 1604. The estimated average hourly burden was estimated at .5 hours. Burden Statement: The...

  20. 77 FR 1775 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-11

    ... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-66102; File No. SR-CME-2011-22] Self-Regulatory... Change To Establish Certain Fee Programs in Connection With Its OTC Interest Rate Swap Clearing Offering...)(2). I. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of Terms of Substance of the Proposed Rule Change...

  1. 76 FR 67512 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Order...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-01

    ... changes amend current CME rules to expand its cleared-only, foreign currency (``FX'') swaps offering to support the introduction of (1) Twenty-six new foreign FX currency derivatives for over-the counter (``OTC'') cash settlement; and (2) eleven new FX non- deliverable forward transaction currency pairs for...

  2. 75 FR 64710 - Joint Public Roundtable on Issues Related to the Clearing of Credit Default Swaps

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-20

    ...'') (each, an ``Agency,'' and collectively, the ``Agencies''). ACTION: Notice of roundtable discussion... the Agencies will hold a public roundtable discussion at which invited participants will discuss... discussion will be open to the public with seating on a first-come, first-served basis. Members of the public...

  3. 77 FR 53948 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-04

    ... proposes to amend the current fee schedule that applies to CME's OTC Interest Rate Swap (``IRS'') clearing offering. Specifically, CME will be adding; (i) An optional alternative fee schedule, (ii) progressive fee... changes relates to new progressive fee tiers. Under these changes, each calendar quarter, firms may...

  4. 77 FR 20536 - Exemptions for Security-Based Swaps Issued by Certain Clearing Agencies

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-05

    ... Markets Trends, Division of Corporation Finance, at (202) 551-3860, U.S. Securities and Exchange... exchange trading due to individual business needs of certain users. Those users should retain the ability... Corporation Finance issued a no-action letter that addressed the availability of these interim exemptions to...

  5. 17 CFR 45.3 - Swap data reporting: creation data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Swap data reporting: creation... (CONTINUED) SWAP DATA RECORDKEEPING AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS § 45.3 Swap data reporting: creation data. Registered entities and swap counterparties must report required swap creation data electronically to a swap...

  6. Atmospheric transparency over Mount Shatdzhatmaz in the optical and near-infrared ranges

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Voziakova, O. V.

    2012-04-01

    We present the results of a three-year-long monitoring of atmospheric extinction over Mount Shatdzhatmaz (2112 m) in Northern Caucasus in a photometric band with λ eff = 480 nm and the results of measurements of precipitable water vapor ( PWV), which characterizes the atmospheric transparency in the near infrared. The yearly mean fraction of photometric weather is estimated to be 50% of the clear night time. The yearly median extinction is 0ṃ21; themedian PWV on clear nights is 7.7 mm.

  7. 17 CFR 45.10 - Reporting to a single swap data repository.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... the swap data repository to which the first report of required swap creation data is made pursuant to... designated contract market that reports required swap creation data as required by § 45.3 shall report all... of the swap data repository to which required swap creation data is reported by the swap execution...

  8. 17 CFR 45.10 - Reporting to a single swap data repository.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ..., which shall be the swap data repository to which the first report of required swap creation data is made... designated contract market that reports required swap creation data as required by § 45.3 shall report all... of the swap data repository to which required swap creation data is reported by the swap execution...

  9. 17 CFR 45.10 - Reporting to a single swap data repository.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... the swap data repository to which the first report of required swap creation data is made pursuant to... designated contract market that reports required swap creation data as required by § 45.3 shall report all... of the swap data repository to which required swap creation data is reported by the swap execution...

  10. 76 FR 6708 - Orderly Liquidation Termination Provision in Swap Trading Relationship Documentation for Swap...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-08

    ... standards for swap dealers and major swap participants.'' On January 13, 2011, the Commission voted to issue... regarding internal business conduct standards for swap dealers and major swap participants. Prior notices of... comment on this issue. The Commission believes that the inclusion of this type of provision in the swap...

  11. 77 FR 15447 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-15

    ... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-66554; File No. SR-CME-2012-04] Self-Regulatory... Change To Amend the Fee Schedule Applicable to Its OTC Interest Rate Swap Clearing Offering March 9, 2012.... Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of Terms of Substance of the Proposed Rule Change CME is...

  12. 76 FR 31518 - Public Roundtable on the Protection of Cleared Swaps Customer Collateral

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-01

    ...: Notice of roundtable discussion; request for comment. SUMMARY: On June 3, 2011, commencing at 9:30 a.m. and ending at 5 p.m., staff of the CFTC will hold a public roundtable discussion at which invited.... The roundtable will include discussions of the issues surrounding the implementation of the complete...

  13. 77 FR 48192 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-13

    ... Liquidity Factor of Its Credit Default Swap Margin Methodology August 7, 2012. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1... model. The liquidity margin component of the CME CDS margin model is designed to capture the risk... CDS Clearing Member. The current methodology for the liquidity factor is a function of a portfolio's...

  14. 78 FR 21045 - Confirmation, Portfolio Reconciliation, Portfolio Compression, and Swap Trading Relationship...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-09

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 23 RIN 3038-AC96 Confirmation, Portfolio Reconciliation, Portfolio Compression, and Swap Trading Relationship Documentation Requirements for Swap Dealers..., portfolio compression, and swap trading relationship documentation for Swap Dealers and Major Swap...

  15. 17 CFR 23.504 - Swap trading relationship documentation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Swap trading relationship documentation. 23.504 Section 23.504 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DEALERS AND MAJOR SWAP PARTICIPANTS Swap Documentation § 23.504 Swap trading relationship...

  16. 17 CFR 23.504 - Swap trading relationship documentation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Swap trading relationship documentation. 23.504 Section 23.504 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DEALERS AND MAJOR SWAP PARTICIPANTS Swap Documentation § 23.504 Swap trading relationship...

  17. 39 CFR 952.27 - Motion for reconsideration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... brief clearly setting forth the points of fact and of law relied upon in support of said motion. [36 FR... 39 Postal Service 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Motion for reconsideration. 952.27 Section 952.27... REPRESENTATION AND LOTTERY ORDERS (EFF. UNTIL 7-22-2011) § 952.27 Motion for reconsideration. A party may file a...

  18. Non-destructive Determination of Disintegration Time and Dissolution in Immediate Release Tablets by Terahertz Transmission Measurements.

    PubMed

    Markl, Daniel; Sauerwein, Johanna; Goodwin, Daniel J; van den Ban, Sander; Zeitler, J Axel

    2017-05-01

    The aim of this study was to establish the suitability of terahertz (THz) transmission measurements to accurately measure and predict the critical quality attributes of disintegration time and the amount of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) dissolved after 15, 20 and 25 min for commercial tablets processed at production scale. Samples of 18 batches of biconvex tablets from a production-scale design of experiments study into exploring the design space of a commercial tablet manufacturing process were used. The tablet production involved the process steps of high-shear wet granulation, fluid-bed drying and subsequent compaction. The 18 batches were produced using a 4 factor split plot design to study the effects of process changes on the disintegration time. Non-destructive and contactless terahertz transmission measurements of the whole tablets without prior sample preparation were performed to measure the effective refractive index and absorption coefficient of 6 tablets per batch. The disintegration time (R 2  = 0.86) and API dissolved after 15 min (R 2  = 0.96) linearly correlates with the effective refractive index, n eff , measured at terahertz frequencies. In contrast, no such correlation could be established from conventional hardness measurements. The magnitude of n eff represents the optical density of the sample and thus it reflects both changes in tablet porosity as well as granule density. For the absorption coefficient, α eff , we observed a better correlation with dissolution after 20 min (R 2  = 0.96) and a weaker correlation with disintegration (R 2  = 0.83) compared to n eff . The measurements of n eff and α eff provide promising predictors for the disintegration and dissolution time of tablets. The high penetration power of terahertz radiation makes it possible to sample a significant volume proportion of a tablet without any prior sample preparation. Together with the short measurement time (seconds), the potential to measure content uniformity and the fact that the method requires no chemometric models this technology shows clear promise to be established as a process analyser to non-destructively predict critical quality attributes of tablets.

  19. 17 CFR 49.9 - Duties of registered swap data repositories.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... privacy of any and all swap data and any other related information that the swap data repository receives... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Duties of registered swap data... (CONTINUED) SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES § 49.9 Duties of registered swap data repositories. (a) Duties. To be...

  20. 77 FR 35199 - Swap Data Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements: Pre-Enactment and Transition Swaps

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-12

    ...The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``Commission'' or ``CFTC'') is adopting rules to further implement the Commodity Exchange Act (``CEA'' or ``Act'') with respect to the new statutory framework regarding swap data recordkeeping and reporting established by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (``Dodd-Frank Act''). The Dodd-Frank Act, which amended the CEA, directs that rules adopted by the Commission shall provide for the reporting of data relating to swaps entered into before the date of enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act, the terms of which have not expired as of the date of enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act (``pre-enactment swaps'') and data relating to swaps entered into on or after the date of enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act and prior to the compliance date specified in the Commission's final swap data reporting rules (``transition swaps''). These final rules establish swap data recordkeeping and reporting requirements for pre-enactment swaps and transition swaps.

  1. Proline 235 plays a key role in the regulation of the oligomeric states of Thermotoga maritima Arginine Binding Protein.

    PubMed

    Smaldone, Giovanni; Vigorita, Marilisa; Ruggiero, Alessia; Balasco, Nicole; Dattelbaum, Jonathan D; D'Auria, Sabato; Del Vecchio, Pompea; Graziano, Giuseppe; Vitagliano, Luigi

    2016-07-01

    The Arginine Binding Protein isolated from Thermotoga maritima (TmArgBP) is a protein endowed with several peculiar properties. We have previously shown that TmArgBP dimerization is a consequence of the swapping of the C-terminal helix. Here we explored the structural determinants of TmArgBP domain swapping and oligomerization. In particular, we report a mutational analysis of the residue Pro235, which is located in the hinge region of the swapping dimer. This residue was either replaced with a Gly-Lys dipeptide (TmArgBP(P235GK)) or a Gly residue (TmArgBP(P235G)). Different forms of these mutants were generated and extensively characterized using biophysical techniques. For both TmArgBP(P235GK) and TmArgBP(P235G) mutants, the occurrence of multiple oligomerization states (monomers, dimers and trimers) was detected. The formation of well-folded monomeric forms for these mutants indicates that the dimerization through C-terminal domain swapping observed in wild-type TmArgBP is driven by conformational restraints imposed by the presence of Pro235 in the hinge region. Molecular dynamics studies corroborate this observation by showing that Gly235 assumes conformational states forbidden for Pro residues in the TmArgBP(P235G) monomer. Unexpectedly, the trimeric forms present: (a) peculiar circular dichroism spectra, (b) a great susceptibility to heating, and (c) the ability to bind the Thioflavin T dye. The present findings clearly demonstrate that single-point mutations have an important impact on the TmArgBP oligomerization process. In a wider context, they also indicate that proteins endowed with an intrinsic propensity to swap have an easy access to states with altered structural and, possibly, functional properties. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  2. Offering within-category food swaps to reduce energy density of food purchases: a study using an experimental online supermarket.

    PubMed

    Forwood, Suzanna E; Ahern, Amy L; Marteau, Theresa M; Jebb, Susan A

    2015-06-25

    Swaps are often used to encourage healthier food choices, but there is little evidence of their effectiveness. The current study assessed the impact of offering swaps on groceries purchased within a bespoke online supermarket; specifically the objective was to measure the impact on energy density (ED) of food purchases following the offer of lower ED alternatives (a) at point of selection or at checkout, and (b) with or without explicit consent to receive swap prompts. Participants were asked to complete a 12-item shopping task within an online shopping platform, developed for studying food purchasing. 1610 adults were randomly assigned to a no swap control condition or to one of four interventions: consented swaps at selection; consented swaps at checkout; imposed swaps at selection; or imposed swaps at checkout. Each swap presented two lower ED options from the same category as the participant's chosen food. Swap acceptance rate and purchased food ED were the primary outcomes. Of the mean 12.36 (SD 1.26) foods purchased, intervention participants were offered a mean of 4.1 (SD 1.68) swaps, with the potential to reduce the ED of purchased food (effect (95% CI): -83 kJ/100 g (-110 - -56), p = <0.0001). A median of one swap (IQR 0 to 2) was accepted, not significantly reducing the purchased food ED (effect (95% CI): -24 kJ/100 g (4 - -52), p = 0.094). More swaps were accepted when offered at selection than at checkout (OR (95% CI) = 1.224 (1.11 - 1.35), p < 0.0001), but no differences were seen with consent. Purchased food ED was unaffected by point of swap or consent, but reduced with number of swaps accepted (effect per swap (95% CI) = -24 kJ/100 g (-35 - -14), p < 0.0001). Within category swaps did not reduce the ED of food purchases reflecting the observation that the use of swaps within an on-line shopping platform offered small potential gains in ED and a minority was accepted.

  3. 76 FR 39963 - Order Pursuant to Section 36 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Granting Temporary Exemptions...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-07

    ... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-64796; File No. S7-28-11] Order Pursuant to Section 36 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Granting Temporary Exemptions From Clearing Agency... Services for Security-Based Swaps July 1, 2011. I. Introduction Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street...

  4. 75 FR 11627 - Order Granting Temporary Exemptions From Certain Government Securities Act Provisions and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-11

    ... Act Provisions and Regulations in Connection With a Request From ICE Trust U.S. LLC Related to Central... securities. The temporary exemptions were requested by ICE Trust U.S. LLC. Treasury is also soliciting public... exemptions to permit ICE Trust U.S. LLC (ICE Trust) to clear and settle transactions in credit default swaps...

  5. 17 CFR 240.3a68-4 - Regulation of mixed swaps.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Regulation of mixed swaps. 240... Agreement; Mixed Swaps; Security-Based Swap Agreement Recordkeeping § 240.3a68-4 Regulation of mixed swaps. (a) In general. The term mixed swap has the meaning set forth in section 3(a)(68)(D) of the Act (15 U...

  6. Observation of the Spectrally Invariant Properties of Clouds in Cloudy-to-Clear Transition Zones During the MAGIC Field Campaign

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Yang, Weidong; Marshak, Alexander; McBride, Patrick; Chiu, J. Christine; Knyazikhin, Yuri; Schmidt, K. Sebastian; Flynn, Connor; Lewis, Ernie R.; Eloranta, Edwin W.

    2016-01-01

    We use the spectrally invariant method to study the variability of cloud optical thickness tau and droplet effective radius r(sub eff) in transition zones (between the cloudy and clear sky columns) observed from Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) and Shortwave Array Spectroradiometer-Zenith (SASZe) during the Marine ARM GPCI Investigation of Clouds (MAGIC) field campaign. The measurements from the SSFR and the SASZe are different, however inter-instrument differences of self-normalized measurements (divided by their own spectra at a fixed time) are small. The spectrally invariant method approximates the spectra in the cloud transition zone as a linear combination of definitely clear and cloudy spectra, where the coefficients, slope and intercept, characterize the spectrally invariant properties of the transition zone. Simulation results from the SBDART (Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer) model demonstrate that (1) the slope of the visible band is positively correlated with the cloud optical thickness t while the intercept of the near-infrared band has high negative correlation with the cloud drop effective radius r(sub eff)even without the exact knowledge of tau; (2) the above relations hold for all Solar Zenith Angle (SZA) and for cloud-contaminated skies. In observations using redundant measurements from SSFR and SASZe, we find that during cloudy-to-clear transitions, (a) the slopes of the visible band decrease, and (b) the intercepts of the near-infrared band remain almost constant near cloud edges. The findings in simulations and observations suggest that, while the optical thickness decreases during the cloudy-to-clear transition, the cloud drop effective radius does not change when cloud edges are approached. These results support the hypothesis that inhomogeneous mixing dominates near cloud edges in the studied cases.

  7. 17 CFR 23.602 - Diligent supervision.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Diligent supervision. 23.602... MAJOR SWAP PARTICIPANTS Duties of Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants § 23.602 Diligent supervision. (a) Supervision. Each swap dealer and major swap participant shall establish and maintain a system to...

  8. 17 CFR 23.602 - Diligent supervision.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Diligent supervision. 23.602... MAJOR SWAP PARTICIPANTS Duties of Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants § 23.602 Diligent supervision. (a) Supervision. Each swap dealer and major swap participant shall establish and maintain a system to...

  9. 17 CFR 49.19 - Core principles applicable to registered swap data repositories.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... registered swap data repositories. 49.19 Section 49.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES § 49.19 Core principles applicable to registered swap data repositories. (a) Compliance with core principles. To be registered, and maintain registration, a swap data...

  10. 17 CFR 49.19 - Core principles applicable to registered swap data repositories.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... registered swap data repositories. 49.19 Section 49.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES § 49.19 Core principles applicable to registered swap data repositories. (a) Compliance with Core Principles. To be registered, and maintain registration, a swap data...

  11. 17 CFR 49.12 - Swap data repository recordkeeping requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Swap data repository... COMMISSION SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES § 49.12 Swap data repository recordkeeping requirements. (a) A registered swap data repository shall maintain its books and records in accordance with the requirements of part...

  12. 17 CFR 49.12 - Swap data repository recordkeeping requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Swap data repository... COMMISSION SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES § 49.12 Swap data repository recordkeeping requirements. (a) A registered swap data repository shall maintain its books and records in accordance with the requirements of part...

  13. 17 CFR 49.12 - Swap data repository recordkeeping requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Swap data repository... COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES § 49.12 Swap data repository recordkeeping requirements. (a) A registered swap data repository shall maintain its books and records in accordance with the requirements of...

  14. 17 CFR 45.5 - Unique swap identifiers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... transmit a unique swap identifier as provided in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section. (1) Creation... prior to the reporting of required swap creation data. The unique swap identifier shall consist of a... execution facility or designated contract market with respect to unique swap identifier creation; and (ii...

  15. 17 CFR 45.5 - Unique swap identifiers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... transmit a unique swap identifier as provided in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section. (1) Creation... prior to the reporting of required swap creation data. The unique swap identifier shall consist of a... execution facility or designated contract market with respect to unique swap identifier creation; and (ii...

  16. 17 CFR 45.5 - Unique swap identifiers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... transmit a unique swap identifier as provided in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section. (1) Creation... prior to the reporting of required swap creation data. The unique swap identifier shall consist of a... execution facility or designated contract market with respect to unique swap identifier creation; and (ii...

  17. 17 CFR 37.403 - Additional requirements for cash-settled swaps.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... requirements for cash-settled swaps. (a) For cash-settled swaps, the swap execution facility shall demonstrate that it monitors the pricing of the reference price used to determine cash flows or settlement; (b) For... cash-settled swaps. 37.403 Section 37.403 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING...

  18. 75 FR 64643 - Reporting of Security-Based Swap Transaction Data

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-20

    ... information relating to pre-enactment security-based swaps to a registered security-based swap data repository... within 60 days after a registered security- based swap data repository commences operations to receive... repository,\\8\\ and security- based swap execution facility.\\9\\ The Commission has issued an advance notice of...

  19. 17 CFR 45.4 - Swap data reporting: continuation data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... swap data repository as set forth in this section. This obligation commences on the applicable... swap data set forth in part 43 of this chapter; and, where applicable, swap dealers, major swap... traders set forth in parts 17 and 18 of this chapter. (a) Continuation data reporting method. For each...

  20. 17 CFR 45.4 - Swap data reporting: continuation data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... swap data repository as set forth in this section. This obligation commences on the applicable... swap data set forth in part 43 of this chapter; and, where applicable, swap dealers, major swap... traders set forth in parts 17 and 18 of this chapter. (a) Continuation data reporting method. For each...

  1. 17 CFR 45.4 - Swap data reporting: continuation data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... swap data repository as set forth in this section. This obligation commences on the applicable... swap data set forth in part 43 of this chapter; and, where applicable, swap dealers, major swap... traders set forth in parts 17 and 18 of this chapter. (a) Continuation data reporting method. For each...

  2. 77 FR 2613 - Registration of Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-19

    ...The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Commission or CFTC) is adopting regulations under the Commodity Exchange Act (Act or CEA) that establish the process for the registration of swap dealers (SDs) and major swap participants (MSPs, and collectively with SDs, Swaps Entities) and that require Swaps Entities to become and remain members of a registered futures association (RFA). The Commission is also adopting regulations that define an ``associated person'' of an SD or MSP as a natural person and that implement the prohibition on a Swaps Entity permitting an associated person who is statutorily disqualified from registration from effecting or being involved in effecting swaps on behalf of the Swaps Entity. The Commission is adopting these regulations in accordance with section 4s of the CEA, which was recently added to the CEA by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act).

  3. Exploring the Roles of Proline in Three-Dimensional Domain Swapping from Structure Analysis and Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

    PubMed

    Huang, Yongqi; Gao, Meng; Su, Zhengding

    2018-02-01

    Three-dimensional (3D) domain swapping is a mechanism to form protein oligomers. It has been proposed that several factors, including proline residues in the hinge region, may affect the occurrence of 3D domain swapping. Although introducing prolines into the hinge region has been found to promote domain swapping for some proteins, the opposite effect has also been observed in several studies. So far, how proline affects 3D domain swapping remains elusive. In this work, based on a large set of 3D domain-swapped structures, we performed a systematic analysis to explore the correlation between the presence of proline in the hinge region and the occurrence of 3D domain swapping. We further analyzed the conformations of proline and pre-proline residues to investigate the roles of proline in 3D domain swapping. We found that more than 40% of the domain-swapped structures contained proline residues in the hinge region. Unexpectedly, conformational transitions of proline residues were rarely observed upon domain swapping. Our analyses showed that hinge regions containing proline residues preferred more extended conformations, which may be beneficial for the occurrence of domain swapping by facilitating opening of the exchanged segments.

  4. SoFAST: Automated Flare Detection with the PROBA2/SWAP EUV Imager

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bonte, K.; Berghmans, D.; De Groof, A.; Steed, K.; Poedts, S.

    2013-08-01

    The Sun Watcher with Active Pixels and Image Processing (SWAP) EUV imager onboard PROBA2 provides a non-stop stream of coronal extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) images at a cadence of typically 130 seconds. These images show the solar drivers of space-weather, such as flares and erupting filaments. We have developed a software tool that automatically processes the images and localises and identifies flares. On one hand, the output of this software tool is intended as a service to the Space Weather Segment of ESA's Space Situational Awareness (SSA) program. On the other hand, we consider the PROBA2/SWAP images as a model for the data from the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) instrument prepared for the future Solar Orbiter mission, where onboard intelligence is required for prioritising data within the challenging telemetry quota. In this article we present the concept of the software, the first statistics on its effectiveness and the online display in real time of its results. Our results indicate that it is not only possible to detect EUV flares automatically in an acquired dataset, but that quantifying a range of EUV dynamics is also possible. The method is based on thresholding of macropixelled image sequences. The robustness and simplicity of the algorithm is a clear advantage for future onboard use.

  5. 77 FR 30595 - Further Definition of “Swap Dealer,” “Security-Based Swap Dealer,” “Major Swap Participant...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-23

    ...In accordance with the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (``Dodd-Frank Act''), the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC'') and the Securities and Exchange Commission (``SEC'') (collectively, the ``Commissions''), in consultation with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (``Board''), are adopting new rules and interpretive guidance under the Commodity Exchange Act (``CEA''), and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (``Exchange Act''), to further define the terms ``swap dealer,'' ``security-based swap dealer,'' ``major swap participant,'' ``major security-based swap participant,'' and ``eligible contract participant.''

  6. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Latour, M.; Fontaine, G.; Brassard, P.

    Taking advantage of a recent FORS2/VLT spectroscopic sample of extreme horizontal branch (EHB) stars in ω Cen, we isolate 38 spectra well suited for detailed atmospheric studies and determine their fundamental parameters (T {sub eff}, log g, and log N(He)/N(H)) using NLTE, metal line-blanketed models. We find that our targets can be divided into three groups: 6 stars are hot (T {sub eff} ≳ 45,000 K) H-rich subdwarf O stars, 7 stars are typical H-rich sdB stars (T {sub eff} ≲ 35,000 K), and the remaining 25 targets at intermediate effective temperatures are He-rich (log N(He)/N(H) ≳ –1.0) subdwarfs. Surprisingly,more » and quite interestingly, these He-rich hot subdwarfs in ω Cen cluster in a narrow temperature range (∼35,000 K to ∼40,000 K). We additionally measure the atmospheric carbon abundance and find a most interesting positive correlation between the carbon and helium atmospheric abundances. This correlation certainly bears the signature of diffusion processes—most likely gravitational settling impeded by stellar winds or internal turbulence—but also constrains possible formation scenarios proposed for EHB stars in ω Cen. For the He-rich objects in particular, the clear link between helium and carbon enhancement points toward a late hot flasher evolutionary history.« less

  7. Domain swapping dissection in Thermotoga maritima arginine binding protein: How structural flexibility may compensate destabilization.

    PubMed

    Smaldone, Giovanni; Berisio, Rita; Balasco, Nicole; D'Auria, Sabato; Vitagliano, Luigi; Ruggiero, Alessia

    2018-05-31

    Thermotoga maritima Arginine Binding Protein (TmArgBP) is a valuable candidate for arginine biosensing in diagnostics. This protein is endowed with unusual structural properties that include an extraordinary thermal/chemical stability, a domain swapped structure that undergoes large tertiary and quaternary structural transition, and the ability to form non-canonical oligomeric species. As the intrinsic stability of TmArgBP allows for extensive protein manipulations, we here dissected its structure in two parts: its main body deprived of the swapping fragment (TmArgBP 20-233 ) and the C-terminal peptide corresponding to the helical swapping element. Both elements have been characterized independently or in combination using a repertoire of biophysical/structural techniques. Present investigations clearly indicate that TmArgBP 20-233 represents a better scaffold for arginine sensing compared to the wild-type protein. Moreover, our data demonstrate that the ligand-free and the ligand-bound forms respond very differently to this helix deletion. This drastic perturbation has an important impact on the ligand-bound form of TmArgBP 20-233 stability whereas it barely affects its ligand-free state. The crystallographic structures of these forms provide a rationale to this puzzling observation. Indeed, the arginine-bound state is very rigid and virtually unchanged upon protein truncation. On the other hand, the flexible ligand-free TmArgBP 20-233 is able to adopt a novel state as a consequence of the helix deletion. Therefore, the flexibility of the ligand-free form endows this state with a remarkable robustness upon severe perturbations. In this scenario, TmArgBP dissection highlights an intriguing connection between destabilizing/stabilizing effects and the overall flexibility that could operate also in other proteins. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  8. THE NEW HORIZONS SOLAR WIND AROUND PLUTO (SWAP) OBSERVATIONS OF THE SOLAR WIND FROM 11–33 au

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Elliott, H. A.; McComas, D. J.; Valek, P.

    The Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) instrument on National Aeronautics and Space Administration's New Horizons Pluto mission has collected solar wind observations en route from Earth to Pluto, and these observations continue beyond Pluto. Few missions have explored the solar wind in the outer heliosphere making this dataset a critical addition to the field. We created a forward model of SWAP count rates, which includes a comprehensive instrument response function based on laboratory and flight calibrations. By fitting the count rates with this model, the proton density (n), speed (V), and temperature (T) parameters are determined. Comparisons between SWAP parametersmore » and both propagated 1 au observations and prior Voyager 2 observations indicate consistency in both the range and mean wind values. These comparisons as well as our additional findings confirm that small and midsized solar wind structures are worn down with increasing distance due to dynamic interaction of parcels of wind with different speed. For instance, the T–V relationship steepens, as the range in V is limited more than the range in T with distance. At times the T–V correlation clearly breaks down beyond 20 au, which may indicate wind currently expanding and cooling may have an elevated T reflecting prior heating and compression in the inner heliosphere. The power of wind parameters at shorter periodicities decreases with distance as the longer periodicities strengthen. The solar rotation periodicity is present in temperature beyond 20 au indicating the observed parcel temperature may reflect not only current heating or cooling, but also heating occurring closer to the Sun.« less

  9. 75 FR 63080 - Interim Final Rule for Reporting Pre-Enactment Swap Transactions

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-14

    ... registered swap data repository (``SDR'') \\1\\ or to the Commission by the compliance date to be established... to the terms of such swaps. \\1\\ The term ``swap data repository'' is defined in Section 1a(48) of the... the date of the enactment of this subsection shall be reported to a registered swap data repository or...

  10. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chang, Yu-Tzu; Shu, Chung-Li; Lai, Jing-Yang

    Mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) grow slowly after cultivation from animals, however, after an extended period of cultivation, their growth accelerates. We found that SWAP-70 deficient MEFs failed to increase growth rates. They maintain normal growth rates and proliferation cycles for at least 5 years. Complementing SWAP-70 deficiency in one of these MEF clones, MEF1F2, by expressing human SWAP-70 resulted in fast growth of the cells after further cultivation for a long period. The resulting cells show a transformation phenotype, since they grow on top of each other and do not show contact inhibition. This phenotype was reverted when sanguinarine, amore » putative SWAP-70 inhibitor, was added. Two SWAP-70 expressing clones were examined in detail. Even after cell density became very high their cdc2 and NFκB were still activated suggesting that they do not stop growing. One of the clones formed colonies in soft agar and formed tumors in nude mice. Lately, one more clone became transformed being able to make colonies in soft agar. We maintain 4 human SWAP-70 expressing MEF1F2 cell lines. Three out of 4 clones exhibited transforming phenotypes. The mouse SWAP-70 gene also promoted transformation of MEFs. Taken together our data suggest that SWAP-70 is not a typical oncogene, but is required for spontaneous transformation of MEFs. - Highlights: • Mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking SWAP-70 do not cause spontaneous transform. • Adding back of SWAP-70 to SWAP-70-deficient MEFs induces spontaneous transformation. • SWAP-70 is required for spontaneous transformation of MEFs.« less

  11. Observation of the spectrally invariant properties of clouds in cloudy-to-clear transition zones during the MAGIC field campaign

    DOE PAGES

    Yang, Weidong; Marshak, Alexander; McBride, Patrick J.; ...

    2016-08-11

    We use the spectrally invariant method to study the variability of cloud optical thickness τ and droplet effective radius r eff in transition zones (between the cloudy and clear sky columns) observed from Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) and Shortwave Array Spectroradiometer-Zenith (SASZe) during the Marine ARM GPCI Investigation of Clouds (MAGIC) field campaign. The measurements from the SSFR and the SASZe are different, however inter-instrument differences of self-normalized measurements (divided by their own spectra at a fixed time) are small. The spectrally invariant method approximates the spectra in the cloud transition zone as a linear combination of definitely clearmore » and cloudy spectra, where the coefficients, slope and intercept, characterize the spectrally invariant properties of the transition zone. Simulation results from the SBDART (Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer) model demonstrate that (1) the slope of the visible band is positively correlated with the cloud optical thickness τ while the intercept of the near-infrared band has high negative correlation with the cloud drop effective radius r eff even without the exact knowledge of τ; (2) the above relations hold for all Solar Zenith Angle (SZA) and for cloud-contaminated skies. In observations using redundant measurements from SSFR and SASZe, we find that during cloudy-to-clear transitions, (a) the slopes of the visible band decrease, and (b) the intercepts of the near-infrared band remain almost constant near cloud edges. The findings in simulations and observations suggest that, while the optical thickness decreases during the cloudy-to-clear transition, the cloud drop effective radius does not change when cloud edges are approached. Furthermore, these results support the hypothesis that inhomogeneous mixing dominates near cloud edges in the studied cases.« less

  12. Equipped for the Future Research Report: Building the Framework, 1993-1997. EFF Technical Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Merrifield, Juliet

    This report focuses on the research aspects of the Equipped for the Future (EFF) project that works toward system reform for adult literacy and lifelong learning. Section 1 describes the EFF process 1993-97, the impetus for EFF, and approaches to system reform. Section 2 explores the research processes EFF uses to build a framework that could…

  13. EFF HOT Topics: Strategies and Tools for Teaching with EFF. Volume 4, Number 1, Winter 2005

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bingman, Beth, Ed.

    2005-01-01

    "EFF HOT (Highlights on Teaching Topics) Topics" is a publication of the EFF (Equipped for the Future) Center for Training and Technical Assistance. Each issue concentrates on a specific topic, highlighting examples of actual practice and offering strategies and tools for using EFF in the classroom. In this issue, "HOT Topics" focuses on the…

  14. 17 CFR 49.10 - Acceptance of data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... technological protocols established by a swap data repository shall provide for the receipt of swap creation data, swap continuation data, real-time public reporting data, and all other data and information... swap data repository shall adopt policies and procedures, including technological protocols, which...

  15. 17 CFR 49.26 - Disclosure requirements of swap data repositories.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... data repository's policies and procedures reasonably designed to protect the privacy of any and all... swap data repositories. 49.26 Section 49.26 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES § 49.26 Disclosure requirements of swap data...

  16. 77 FR 48207 - Further Definition of “Swap,” “Security-Based Swap,” and “Security-Based Swap Agreement”; Mixed...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-13

    ...In accordance with section 712(a)(8), section 712(d)(1), sections 712(d)(2)(B) and (C), sections 721(b) and (c), and section 761(b) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (``Dodd-Frank Act''), the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC'') and the Securities and Exchange Commission (``SEC'') (collectively, ``Commissions''), in consultation with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (``Board''), are jointly adopting new rules and interpretations under the Commodity Exchange Act (``CEA'') and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (``Exchange Act'') to further define the terms ``swap,'' ``security-based swap,'' and ``security-based swap agreement'' (collectively, ``Product Definitions''); regarding ``mixed swaps;'' and governing books and records with respect to ``security-based swap agreements.'' The CFTC requests comment on its interpretation concerning forwards with embedded volumetric optionality, contained in Section II.B.2.(b)(ii) of this release.

  17. Studies on effective atomic numbers for photon energy absorption and electron density of some narcotic drugs in the energy range 1 keV-20 MeV

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gounhalli, Shivraj G.; Shantappa, Anil; Hanagodimath, S. M.

    2013-04-01

    Effective atomic numbers for photon energy absorption ZPEA,eff, photon interaction ZPI,eff and for electron density Nel, have been calculated by a direct method in the photon-energy region from 1 keV to 20 MeV for narcotic drugs, such as Heroin (H), Cocaine (CO), Caffeine (CA), Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Cannabinol (CBD), Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV). The ZPEA,eff, ZPI,eff and Nel values have been found to change with energy and composition of the narcotic drugs. The energy dependence ZPEA,eff, ZPI,eff and Nel is shown graphically. The maximum difference between the values of ZPEA,eff, and ZPI,eff occurs at 30 keV and the significant difference of 2 to 33% for the energy region 5-100 keV for all drugs. The reason for these differences is discussed.

  18. 75 FR 75207 - Regulation SBSR-Reporting and Dissemination of Security-Based Swap Information

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-02

    ...In accordance with Section 763 (``Section 763'') and Section 766 (``Section 766'') of Title VII (``Title VII'') of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the ``Dodd-Frank Act''), the Securities and Exchange Commission (``SEC'' or ``Commission'') is proposing Regulation SBSR--Reporting and Dissemination of Security-Based Swap Information (``Regulation SBSR'') under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (``Exchange Act'').\\1\\ Proposed Regulation SBSR would provide for the reporting of security- based swap information to registered security-based swap data repositories or the Commission and the public dissemination of security-based swap transaction, volume, and pricing information. Registered security-based swap data repositories would be required to establish and maintain certain policies and procedures regarding how transaction data are reported and disseminated, and participants of registered security-based swap data repositories that are security- based swap dealers or major security-based swap participants would be required to establish and maintain policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that they comply with applicable reporting obligations. Finally, proposed Regulation SBSR also would require a registered SDR to register with the Commission as a securities information processor on existing Form SIP. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  19. 17 CFR 49.19 - Core principles applicable to registered swap data repositories.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... registered swap data repositories. 49.19 Section 49.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES § 49.19 Core principles applicable to registered swap data repositories. (a) Compliance with core principles. To be registered, and maintain...

  20. 17 CFR 49.27 - Access and fees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 49.27 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES § 49.27 Access and fees. (a) Fair, open and equal access. (1) A registered swap data repository..., swap dealers, major swap participants and any other counterparties, on a fair, open and equal basis...

  1. 17 CFR 49.27 - Access and fees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 49.27 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES § 49.27 Access and fees. (a) Fair, open and equal access. (1) A registered swap data repository..., swap dealers, major swap participants and any other counterparties, on a fair, open and equal basis...

  2. 17 CFR 49.27 - Access and fees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 49.27 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES § 49.27 Access and fees. (a) Fair, open and equal access. (1) A registered swap data repository..., swap dealers, major swap participants and any other counterparties, on a fair, open and equal basis...

  3. 17 CFR 49.26 - Disclosure requirements of swap data repositories.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES § 49.26 Disclosure requirements of swap data repositories... swap data repository shall furnish to the reporting entity a disclosure document that contains the... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Disclosure requirements of...

  4. 17 CFR 49.26 - Disclosure requirements of swap data repositories.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES § 49.26 Disclosure requirements of swap data repositories... swap data repository shall furnish to the reporting entity a disclosure document that contains the... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Disclosure requirements of...

  5. 77 FR 31767 - Aggregation, Position Limits for Futures and Swaps

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-30

    ... physical commodity swaps that are economically equivalent to such contracts. In response to a petition for... on a designated contract market (``DCM''), as well as swaps that are economically equivalent to such... physical commodity swaps that are economically equivalent to such contracts (collectively with Core...

  6. 75 FR 76139 - Real-Time Public Reporting of Swap Transaction Data

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-07

    ... Transaction Data; Proposed Rule #0;#0;Federal Register / Vol. 75 , No. 234 / Tuesday, December 7, 2010...-Time Public Reporting of Swap Transaction Data AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION...-time public reporting of swap transaction and pricing data for all swap transactions. Additionally, the...

  7. 76 FR 82005 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-29

    ... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-66029; File No. SR-CME-2011-20] Self-Regulatory... Change To Establish a Fee Schedule Applicable to Its OTC Interest Rate Swap Clearing Offering December 22.... 78s(b)(1). \\2\\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4. \\3\\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(3)(A). \\4\\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4(f)(2). I. Self...

  8. 17 CFR 49.16 - Privacy and confidentiality requirements of swap data repositories.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES § 49.16 Privacy and confidentiality... procedures to protect the privacy and confidentiality of any and all SDR Information (except for swap data... of accepting swap data from reporting entities, require the waiver of any privacy rights by such...

  9. 17 CFR 49.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES § 49.2... indirectly, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the swap data repository. (2) Asset... “commercial use” means the use of swap data held and maintained by a registered swap data repository for a...

  10. 17 CFR 49.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES § 49.2... indirectly, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the swap data repository. (2) Asset... “commercial use” means the use of swap data held and maintained by a registered swap data repository for a...

  11. 78 FR 20848 - Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants; Clerical or Ministerial Employees

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-08

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 23 RIN 3038-AE00 Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants; Clerical or Ministerial Employees AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Commission or CFTC) is proposing to amend its...

  12. 78 FR 64173 - Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants; Clerical or Ministerial Employees

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-28

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 23 RIN 3038-AE00 Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants; Clerical or Ministerial Employees AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission is adopting an amendment to its regulations to...

  13. Endocytosis regulates membrane localization and function of the fusogen EFF-1.

    PubMed

    Smurova, Ksenia; Podbilewicz, Benjamin

    2017-07-03

    Cell fusion is essential for sexual reproduction and formation of muscles, bones, and placenta. Two families of cell fusion proteins (Syncytins and FFs) have been identified in eukaryotes. Syncytins have been shown to form the giant syncytial trophoblasts in the placenta. The FFs are essential to fuse cells in the skin, reproductive, excretory, digestive and nervous systems in nematodes. EFF-1 (Epithelial Fusion Failure 1), a member of the FF family, is a type I membrane glycoprotein that is essential for most cell fusions in C. elegans. The crystal structure of EFF-1 ectodomain reveals striking structural similarity to class II fusion glycoproteins from enveloped viruses (e.g. dengue and rubella) that mediate virus to cell fusion. We found EFF-1 to be present on the plasma membrane and in RAB-5-positive early endosomes, with EFF-1 recycling between these 2 cell compartments. Only when EFF-1 proteins transiently arrive to the surfaces of 2 adjacent cells do they dynamically interact in trans and mediate membrane fusion. EFF-1 is continuously internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis via the activity of 2 small GTPases: RAB-5 and Dynamin. Here we propose a model that explains how EFF-1 endocytosis together with interactions in trans can control cell-cell fusion. Kontani et al. showed that vacuolar ATPase (vATPase) mutations result in EFF-1-dependent hyperfusion. 1 We propose that vATPase is required for normal degradation of EFF-1. Failure to degrade EFF-1 results in delayed hyperfusion and mislocalization to organelles that appear to be recycling endosomes. EFF-1 is also required to fuse neurons as part of the repair mechanism following injury and to prune dendrites. We speculate that EFF-1 may regulate neuronal tree like structures via endocytosis. Thus, endocytosis of cell-cell fusion proteins functions to prevent merging of cells and to sculpt organs and neurons.

  14. 76 FR 32880 - Further Definition of “Swap,” “Security-Based Swap,” and “Security-Based Swap Agreement”; Mixed...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-07

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 1 RIN 3038-AD46 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE...-Based Swap Agreement Recordkeeping AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission; Securities and Exchange... Futures Trading Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission published a document in the Federal...

  15. 75 FR 71397 - Regulations Establishing and Governing the Duties of Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-23

    ... risks associated with the use of models to derive market valuations or otherwise calculate or evaluate... swap dealers and major swap participants registered with the Commission with regard to: Risk management...) \\3\\ to establish a comprehensive regulatory framework to reduce risk, increase transparency, and...

  16. 17 CFR 45.3 - Swap data reporting: creation data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... to the reporting obligations with respect to real time reporting of swap data set forth in part 43 of... economic terms data for the swap, within the applicable reporting deadline set forth in paragraph (b)(1)(i..., must report all primary economic terms data for the swap, within the applicable reporting deadline set...

  17. 17 CFR 45.3 - Swap data reporting: creation data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... to the reporting obligations with respect to real time reporting of swap data set forth in part 43 of... economic terms data for the swap, within the applicable reporting deadline set forth in paragraph (b)(1)(i..., must report all primary economic terms data for the swap, within the applicable reporting deadline set...

  18. 76 FR 40223 - Extension of Temporary Exemptions for Eligible Credit Default Swaps To Facilitate Operation of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-08

    ...-fraud provisions, as well as exempt these security-based swaps from Exchange Act registration... interest involving security-based swaps.\\31\\ We have also proposed anti-fraud and anti-manipulation rules... Against Fraud, Manipulation, and Deception in Connection with Security-Based Swaps, Release No. 34-63236...

  19. [The effect of colored syringes and a colored sheet on the incidence of syringe swaps during anesthetic management].

    PubMed

    Hirabayashi, Yoshihiro; Kawakami, Takayuki; Suzuki, Hideo; Igarashi, Takashi; Saitoh, Kazuhiko; Seo, Norimasa

    2005-09-01

    Syringe swap is an important problem in anesthetic care, causing harm to patients. We examined the effect of colored syringe and a colored sheet on the incidence of syringe swaps during anesthetic management. We determined the color code. The blue-syringe contains local anesthetics; yellow-syringe, sympathomimetic drugs; and white-syringe with a red label fixed opposite the scale, muscle relaxants. The colored sheet displays the photographs of the syringe with drug name, dose and volume. The colored syringe and colored sheet were supplied for use from February 2004. We compared the incidence of syringe swaps during the period from February 2004 to January 2005 with that from February 2003 to January 2004. Although five syringe swaps were recorded from February 2003 to January 2004, in 5901 procedures, we encountered no syringe swaps from February 2004 to January 2005, in 6078 procedures. The colored syringe and colored sheet significantly decreased the incidence of syringe swaps during anesthetic management (P <0.05). The use of the sheet together with colored syringes can prevent syringe swaps during anesthesia.

  20. Environmental Exposure and Design Criteria for Offshore Oil and Gas Structures

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-05-01

    reliability ar_alysis. Because there are no clear lines of demarcation between them, these methods are often used in varying combinations. Sound ...cludes that OCSEA-P not now effe.tively contribute...to the accrual of sound scientific information adequate for OCS management." One reason for such a...procedures for resolving differences need to be developed. Sound and timely assessments of environmental exposure risks will require: 1) adequate levels of

  1. 17 CFR 1.9 - Regulation of mixed swaps.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Regulation of mixed swaps. 1.9... UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Definitions § 1.9 Regulation of mixed swaps. (a) In general. The term mixed swap has the meaning set forth in section 1a(47)(D) of the Commodity Exchange Act. (b) Regulation...

  2. 17 CFR 1.9 - Regulation of mixed swaps.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Regulation of mixed swaps. 1.9... UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Definitions § 1.9 Regulation of mixed swaps. (a) In general. The term mixed swap has the meaning set forth in section 1a(47)(D) of the Commodity Exchange Act. (b) Regulation...

  3. 75 FR 78892 - Reporting Certain Post-Enactment Swap Transactions

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-17

    ...)--to a registered swap data repository (``SDR'') or to the Commission. Each category of data is subject... expired by that date. \\5\\ The term ``swap data repository'' is defined in Section 1a(48) of the CEA to... date of the enactment of this subsection shall be reported to a registered swap data repository or the...

  4. 76 FR 46668 - Business Conduct Standards for Security-Based Swap Dealers and Major Security-Based Swap...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-03

    ... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 240 [Release No. 34-64766; File No. S7-25-11] RIN 3235-AL10 Business Conduct Standards for Security-Based Swap Dealers and Major Security-Based Swap Participants Correction In proposed rule document number 2011-16758, appearing on pages 42396-42455 in the...

  5. 75 FR 71391 - Implementation of Conflicts of Interest Policies and Procedures by Swap Dealers and Major Swap...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-23

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 23 RIN 3038-AC96 Implementation of Conflicts of... regulations establish conflicts of interest requirements for swap dealers (SDs) and major swap participants...-AC96 and SD-MSP Conflicts of Interest, by any of the following methods: Agency Web site, via its...

  6. 78 FR 30967 - Cross-Border Security-Based Swap Activities; Re-Proposal of Regulation SBSR and Certain Rules and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-23

    ... context of the security-based swap dealer definition, for affiliated groups with a registered security... for Affiliated Groups with Registered Security-Based Swap Dealers); Rule 3a71-5 (Substituted... 13n-12 (Exemption from Requirements Governing Security-Based Swap Data Repositories for Certain Non-U...

  7. 77 FR 53870 - Availability of a Legal Entity Identifier Meeting the Requirements of the Regulations of the...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-04

    ... in automated system preparation and testing in preparation for swap data reporting beginning on the... Legal Entity Identifiers To Be Used in the Recordkeeping and Swap Data Reporting AGENCY: Commodity...) which will be used by registered entities and swap counterparties in complying with the CFTC's swap data...

  8. 76 FR 77728 - Process for a Designated Contract Market or Swap Execution Facility To Make a Swap Available To...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-14

    ..., 2011 at 9; Letter from Robert Pickel and Kenneth Bentsen, International Swaps and Derivatives..., dated Apr. 5, 2011 at 19; Letter from Robert Pickel and Kenneth Bentsen, International Swaps and... LLP, on behalf of certain dealers, dated Apr. 5, 2011 at 19; Letter from Robert Pickel and Kenneth...

  9. EFF Voice, Winter 2002.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    EFF Voice, 2002

    2002-01-01

    This newsletter reports on the activities of Equipped for the Future (EFF), which is a National Institute for Literacy initiative. EFF helps Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) recipients build the skills needed to balance work and home and make a successful transition to work. The article "EFF Frames Family Literacy Programs"…

  10. Combining functional and structural tests improves the diagnostic accuracy of relevance vector machine classifiers

    PubMed Central

    Racette, Lyne; Chiou, Christine Y.; Hao, Jiucang; Bowd, Christopher; Goldbaum, Michael H.; Zangwill, Linda M.; Lee, Te-Won; Weinreb, Robert N.; Sample, Pamela A.

    2009-01-01

    Purpose To investigate whether combining optic disc topography and short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) data improves the diagnostic accuracy of relevance vector machine (RVM) classifiers for detecting glaucomatous eyes compared to using each test alone. Methods One eye of 144 glaucoma patients and 68 healthy controls from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study were included. RVM were trained and tested with cross-validation on optimized (backward elimination) SWAP features (thresholds plus age; pattern deviation (PD); total deviation (TD)) and on Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II (HRT) optic disc topography features, independently and in combination. RVM performance was also compared to two HRT linear discriminant functions (LDF) and to SWAP mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD). Classifier performance was measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) generated for each feature set and by the sensitivities at set specificities of 75%, 90% and 96%. Results RVM trained on combined HRT and SWAP thresholds plus age had significantly higher AUROC (0.93) than RVM trained on HRT (0.88) and SWAP (0.76) alone. AUROCs for the SWAP global indices (MD: 0.68; PSD: 0.72) offered no advantage over SWAP thresholds plus age, while the LDF AUROCs were significantly lower than RVM trained on the combined SWAP and HRT feature set and on HRT alone feature set. Conclusions Training RVM on combined optimized HRT and SWAP data improved diagnostic accuracy compared to training on SWAP and HRT parameters alone. Future research may identify other combinations of tests and classifiers that can also improve diagnostic accuracy. PMID:19528827

  11. The SWAP EUV Imaging Telescope Part I: Instrument Overview and Pre-Flight Testing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Seaton, D. B.; Berghmans, D.; Nicula, B.; Halain, J.-P.; De Groof, A.; Thibert, T.; Bloomfield, D. S.; Raftery, C. L.; Gallagher, P. T.; Auchère, F.; Defise, J.-M.; D'Huys, E.; Lecat, J.-H.; Mazy, E.; Rochus, P.; Rossi, L.; Schühle, U.; Slemzin, V.; Yalim, M. S.; Zender, J.

    2013-08-01

    The Sun Watcher with Active Pixels and Image Processing (SWAP) is an EUV solar telescope onboard ESA's Project for Onboard Autonomy 2 (PROBA2) mission launched on 2 November 2009. SWAP has a spectral bandpass centered on 17.4 nm and provides images of the low solar corona over a 54×54 arcmin field-of-view with 3.2 arcsec pixels and an imaging cadence of about two minutes. SWAP is designed to monitor all space-weather-relevant events and features in the low solar corona. Given the limited resources of the PROBA2 microsatellite, the SWAP telescope is designed with various innovative technologies, including an off-axis optical design and a CMOS-APS detector. This article provides reference documentation for users of the SWAP image data.

  12. Green Team Hosts Plant Swap to Encourage Gardening | Poster

    Cancer.gov

    By Carolynne Keenan, Contributing Writer What started out as a way for Howard Young, Ph.D., to thin out his garden last fall turned into the NCI at Frederick Green Team’s Plant Swap. The group held its Fall Plant Swap on October 24, encouraging all members of the Fort Detrick community to pick up a free plant or swap a plant of theirs for another. “Those who love to garden introduce others to the joy of gardening,” said Dolores Winterstein, a member of the Green Team and the coordinator of the Fall Plant Swap.

  13. EFF Voice. Volume 1, Number 1, Fall-Winter 1999

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Institute for Literacy, 1999

    1999-01-01

    This premier issue of "The Equipped for the Future (EFF) Voice" has been put together to give everyone a snapshot of EFF-related activities across the country. It includes reports on the 12 states that have been participating in the EFF field development process since 1998, and on the many other programs and states that have begun…

  14. EFF/NRS Data Collection Project, 2000-2001: An Interim Report on the Development of the EFF Assessment Framework.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    SRI International, Arlington, VA.

    The Equipped for the Future (EFF) framework describes adult performance along these four dimensions: structure of the knowledge-base; fluency of performance; independence of performance; and range of conditions for performance. When completed it will include a developmental sequence of descriptions of learner performance for each EFF standard;…

  15. Fifteen years of sector-wide approach (SWAp) in Bangladesh health sector: an assessment of progress

    PubMed Central

    Ahsan, Karar Zunaid; Streatfield, Peter Kim; Ijdi, Rashida -E-; Escudero, Gabriela Maria; Khan, Abdul Waheed; Reza, M M

    2016-01-01

    The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW) of the Government of Bangladesh embarked on a sector-wide approach (SWAp) modality for the health, nutrition and population (HNP) sector in 1998. This programmatic shift initiated a different set of planning disciplines and practices along with institutional changes in the MOHFW. Over the years, the SWAp modality has evolved in Bangladesh as the MOHFW has learnt from its implementation and refined the program design. This article explores the progress made, both in terms of achievement of health outcomes and systems strengthening results, since the implementation of the SWAp for Bangladesh’s health sector. Secondary analyses of survey data from 1993 to 2011 as well as a literature review of published and grey literature on health SWAp in Bangladesh was conducted for this assessment. Results of the assessment indicate that the MOHFW made substantial progress in health outcomes and health systems strengthening. SWAps facilitated the alignment of funding and technical support around national priorities, and improved the government’s role in program design as well as in implementation and development partner coordination. Notable systemic improvements have taken place in the country systems with regards to monitoring and evaluation, procurement and service provision, which have improved functionality of health facilities to provide essential care. Implementation of the SWAp has, therefore, contributed to an accelerated improvement in key health outcomes in Bangladesh over the last 15 years. The health SWAp in Bangladesh offers an example of a successful adaptation of such an approach in a complex administrative structure. Based on the lessons learned from SWAp implementation in Bangladesh, the MOHFW needs to play a stronger stewardship and regulatory role to reap the full benefits of a SWAp in its subsequent programming. PMID:26582744

  16. 77 FR 9733 - Business Conduct Standards for Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants With Counterparties

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-17

    ...The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``Commission'' or ``CFTC'') is adopting final rules to implement Section 4s(h) of the Commodity Exchange Act (``CEA'') pursuant to Section 731 of Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the ``Dodd-Frank Act''). These rules prescribe external business conduct standards for swap dealers and major swap participants.

  17. SWAp dynamics in a decentralized context: experiences from Uganda.

    PubMed

    Jeppsson, Anders

    2002-12-01

    This paper examines the role of the Ministry of Health (MoH) in Uganda in the process of developing a Sector-Wide Approach (SWAp) within the health sector. Power dynamics are integral to any understanding of development assistance, and SWAps bring with them new opportunities for the deployment of influence. The SWAp process has changed the interaction between the donors and the Government, and the perspective of this interaction has shifted from various technical areas to the entire health sector. It is argued that although the decentralization of the public sector has transferred considerable responsibilities and duties from the central level to the districts, significant power, defined as a social construct, has been generated by the MoH in the very process of developing SWAps. The MoH has been able to exercise significant influence on defining the content and boundaries of the SWAp process, as well as the direction it is taking. This development has largely followed blueprints drawn by donors. Through the institutional framework associated with SWAps, the MoH has redefined the interaction between the central level and the districts as well as between the MoH and the donors. While the SWAp process is now moving from the planning to the implementation phase in Uganda, we see a number of new, changing, ambiguous and contradictory strategies emerging.

  18. EFF Voice. Volume 3, Number 1, Spring 2003

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Institute for Literacy, 2003

    2003-01-01

    This issue of "EFF Voice" was assembled by the staff to share with their readers some of the ways their partners are using Equipped for the Future (EFF) to help adults build the skills they need to be successful in the workforce today. Readers will learn about how states like New Jersey are using EFF to craft a common vision and a common…

  19. Benchmarks--Standards Comparisons. Math Competencies: EFF Benchmarks Comparison [and] Reading Competencies: EFF Benchmarks Comparison [and] Writing Competencies: EFF Benchmarks Comparison.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kent State Univ., OH. Ohio Literacy Resource Center.

    This document is intended to show the relationship between Ohio's Standards and Competencies, Equipped for the Future's (EFF's) Standards and Components of Performance, and Ohio's Revised Benchmarks. The document is divided into three parts, with Part 1 covering mathematics instruction, Part 2 covering reading instruction, and Part 3 covering…

  20. Capping Layer (CL) Induced Antidamping in CL/Py/β-W System (CL: Al, β-Ta, Cu, β-W).

    PubMed

    Behera, Nilamani; Guha, Puspendu; Pandya, Dinesh K; Chaudhary, Sujeet

    2017-09-13

    For achieving ultrafast switching speed and minimizing dissipation losses, the spin-based data storage device requires a control on effective damping (α eff ) of nanomagnetic bits. Incorporation of interfacial antidamping spin orbit torque (SOT) in spintronic devices therefore has high prospects for enhancing their performance efficiency. Clear evidence of such an interfacial antidamping is found in Al capped Py(15 nm)/β-W(t W )/Si (Py = Ni 81 Fe 19 and t W = thickness of β-W), which is in contrast to the increase of α eff (i.e., damping) usually associated with spin pumping as seen in Py(15 nm)/β-W(t W )/Si system. Because of spin pumping, the interfacial spin mixing conductance (g ↑↓ ) at Py/β-W interface and spin diffusion length (λ SD ) of β-W are found to be 1.63(±0.02) × 10 18 m -2 (1.44(±0.02) × 10 18 m -2 ) and 1.42(±0.19) nm (1.00(±0.10) nm) for Py(15 nm)/β-W(t W )/Si (β-W(t W )/Py(15 nm)/Si) bilayer systems. Other different nonmagnetic capping layers (CL), namely, β-W(2 nm), Cu(2 nm), and β-Ta(2,3,4 nm) were also grown over the same Py(15 nm)/β-W(t W ). However, antidamping is seen only in β-Ta(2,3 nm)/Py(15 nm)/β-W(t W )/Si. This decrease in α eff is attributed to the interfacial Rashba like SOT generated by nonequilibrium spin accumulation subsequent to the spin pumping. Contrary to this, when interlayer positions of Py(15 nm) and β-W(t W ) is interchanged irrespective of the fixed top nonmagnetic layer, an increase of α eff is observed, which is ascribed to spin pumping from Py to β-W layer.

  1. Construction of a Bacterial Cell that Contains Only the Set of Essential Genes Necessary to Impart Life

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-05-16

    native uncharacterized genes for characterized genes from Bacillus subtilis , that is presented in a constitutive expression module. If the B... subtilis gene containing M. mycoides mutant is viable than the function of the conserved hypothetical gene is the same as the input B. subtilis gene...Characterized genes from B. subtilis were swapped with similar, but not so similar as to be clearly the same, essential genes from M. mycoides. The B. subtilis

  2. Planck observations of M33

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tibbs, C. T.; Israel, F. P.; Laureijs, R. J.; Tauber, J. A.; Partridge, B.; Peel, M. W.; Fauvet, L.

    2018-07-01

    We have performed a comprehensive investigation of the global integrated flux density of M33 from radio to ultraviolet wavelengths, finding that the data between ˜100 GHz and 3 THz are accurately described by a single modified blackbody curve with a dust temperature of Tdust = 21.67 ± 0.30 K and an effective dust emissivity index of βeff = 1.35 ± 0.10, with no indication of an excess of emission at millimetre/submillimetre wavelengths. However, subdividing M33 into three radial annuli, we found that the global emission curve is highly degenerate with the constituent curves representing the subregions of M33. We also found gradients in Tdust and βeff across the disc of M33, with both quantities decreasing with increasing radius. Comparing the M33 dust emissivity with that of other Local Group members, we find that M33 resembles the Magellanic Clouds rather than the larger galaxies, i.e. the Milky Way and M31. In the Local Group sample, we find a clear correlation between global dust emissivity and metallicity, with dust emissivity increasing with metallicity. A major aspect of this analysis is the investigation into the impact of fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on the integrated flux density spectrum of M33. We found that failing to account for these CMB fluctuations would result in a significant overestimate of Tdust by ˜5 K and an underestimate of βeff by ˜0.4.

  3. Planck Observations of M33

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tibbs, C. T.; Israel, F. P.; Laureijs, R. J.; Tauber, J. A.; Partridge, B.; Peel, M. W.; Fauvet, L.

    2018-03-01

    We have performed a comprehensive investigation of the global integrated flux density of M33 from radio to ultraviolet wavelengths, finding that the data between ˜100 GHz and 3 THz are accurately described by a single modified blackbody curve with a dust temperature of Tdust = 21.67 ± 0.30 K and an effective dust emissivity index of βeff = 1.35 ± 0.10, with no indication of an excess of emission at millimeter/sub-millimeter wavelengths. However, sub-dividing M33 into three radial annuli, we found that the global emission curve is highly degenerate with the constituent curves representing the sub-regions of M33. We also found gradients in Tdust and βeff across the disk of M33, with both quantities decreasing with increasing radius. Comparing the M33 dust emissivity with that of other Local Group members, we find that M33 resembles the Magellanic Clouds rather than the larger galaxies, i.e., the Milky Way and M31. In the Local Group sample, we find a clear correlation between global dust emissivity and metallicity, with dust emissivity increasing with metallicity. A major aspect of this analysis is the investigation into the impact of fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) on the integrated flux density spectrum of M33. We found that failing to account for these CMB fluctuations would result in a significant over-estimate of Tdust by ˜5 K and an under-estimate of βeff by ˜0.4.

  4. Global to Microscale Evolution of the Pinatubo Volcanic Aerosol Derived from Diverse Measurements and Analyses

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Russell, P. B.; Livingston, J. M.; Pueschel, R. F.; Bauman, J. J.; Pollack, J. B.; Brooks, S. L.; Hamill, P.; Thomason, L. W.; Stowe, L. L.; Deshler, T.; hide

    2000-01-01

    We assemble data on the Pinatubo aerosol from space, air, and ground measurements, develop a composite picture, and assess the consistency and uncertainties of measurement and retrieval techniques. Satellite infrared spectroscopy, particle morphology, and evaporation temperature measurements agree with theoretical calculations in showing a dominant composition of H2SO4-H20 mixture, with H2SO4 weight fraction of 65-80% for most stratospheric temperatures and humidities. Important exceptions are (1) volcanic ash, present at all heights initially and just above the tropopause until at least March 1992, and (2) much smaller H2SO4 fractions at the low temperatures of high-latitude winters and the tropical tropopause. Laboratory spectroscopy and calculations yield wavelength- and temperature-dependent refractive indices for the H2SO4-H20 droplets. These permit derivation of particle size information from measured optical depth spectra, for comparison to impactor and optical-counter measurements. All three techniques paint a generally consistent picture of the evolution of R(sub eff), the effective radius. In the first month after the eruption, although particle numbers increased greatly, R(sub eff) outside the tropical core was similar to preeruption values of approx. 0.1 to 0.2 microns, because numbers of both small (r < 0.2 microns) and large (r > 0.6 microns) particles increased. In the next 3-6 months, extracore R(sub eff) increased to approx. 0.5 microns, reflecting particle growth through condensation and coagulation. Most data show that R(sub eff) continued to increase for about 1 year after the eruption. R(sub eff) values up to 0.6 - 0.8 microns or more are consistent with 0.38 - 1 micron optical depth spectra in middle to late 1992 and even later. However, in this period, values from in situ measurements are somewhat less. The difference might reflect in situ undersampling of the very few largest particles, insensitivity of optical depth spectra to the smallest particles, or the inability of flat spectra to place an upper limit on particle size. Optical depth spectra extending to wavelengths lambda > 1 micron are required to better constrain R(sub eff), especially for R(sub eff) > 0.4 microns. Extinction spectra computed from in situ size distributions are consistent with optical depth measurements; both show initial spectra with lambda(sub max) <= 0.42 microns, thereafter increasing to 0.78 <= lambda(sub max) <= 1 micron. Not until 1993 do spectra begin to show a clear return to the preeruption signature of lambda(sub max) <= 0.42 microns. The twin signatures of large R(sub eff) (> 0.3 microns) and relatively flat extinction spectra (0.4 - 1 microns) are among the longest-lived indicators of Pinatubo volcanic influence. They persist for years after the peaks in number, mass, surface area, and optical depth at all wavelengths <= 1 microns. This coupled evolution in particle size distribution and optical depth spectra helps explain the relationship between global maps of 0.5- and 1.0-micron optical depth derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) satellite sensors. However, there are important differences between the AVHRR and SAGE midvisible optical thickness products. We discuss possible reasons for these differences and how they might be resolved.

  5. Green Team Hosts Plant Swap to Encourage Gardening | Poster

    Cancer.gov

    By Carolynne Keenan, Contributing Writer What started out as a way for Howard Young, Ph.D., to thin out his garden last fall turned into the NCI at Frederick Green Team’s Plant Swap. The group held its Fall Plant Swap on October 24, encouraging all members of the Fort Detrick community to pick up a free plant or swap a plant of theirs for another. “Those who love to garden

  6. Three-dimensional unstructured grid refinement and optimization using edge-swapping

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gandhi, Amar; Barth, Timothy

    1993-01-01

    This paper presents a three-dimensional (3-D) 'edge-swapping method based on local transformations. This method extends Lawson's edge-swapping algorithm into 3-D. The 3-D edge-swapping algorithm is employed for the purpose of refining and optimizing unstructured meshes according to arbitrary mesh-quality measures. Several criteria including Delaunay triangulations are examined. Extensions from two to three dimensions of several known properties of Delaunay triangulations are also discussed.

  7. Design of low SWaP optical terminals for free space optical communications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shubert, P.; Cline, A.; McNally, J.; Pierson, R.

    2017-02-01

    Along with advantages in higher data rates, spectrum contention, and security, free space optical communications can provide size, weight, and power (SWaP) advantages over radio frequency (RF) systems. SWaP is always an issue in space systems and can be critical in applying free space optical communications to small satellite platforms. The system design of small space-based free space optical terminals with Gbps data rates is addressed. System architectures and requirements are defined to ensure the terminals are capable of acquisition, establishment and maintenance of a free space optical communications link. Design trades, identification of blocking technologies, and performance analyses are used to evaluate the practical limitations to terminal SWaP. Small terminal design concepts are developed to establish their practicality and feasibility. Techniques, such as modulation formats and capacity approaching encoding, are considered to mitigate the disadvantages brought by SWaP limitations, and performance as a function of SWaP is evaluated.

  8. Quantum Entanglement Swapping between Two Multipartite Entangled States

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Su, Xiaolong; Tian, Caixing; Deng, Xiaowei; Li, Qiang; Xie, Changde; Peng, Kunchi

    2016-12-01

    Quantum entanglement swapping is one of the most promising ways to realize the quantum connection among local quantum nodes. In this Letter, we present an experimental demonstration of the entanglement swapping between two independent multipartite entangled states, each of which involves a tripartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled state of an optical field. The entanglement swapping is implemented deterministically by means of a joint measurement on two optical modes coming from the two multipartite entangled states respectively and the classical feedforward of the measurement results. After entanglement swapping the two independent multipartite entangled states are merged into a large entangled state in which all unmeasured quantum modes are entangled. The entanglement swapping between a tripartite GHZ state and an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled state is also demonstrated and the dependence of the resultant entanglement on transmission loss is investigated. The presented experiment provides a feasible technical reference for constructing more complicated quantum networks.

  9. Quantum Entanglement Swapping between Two Multipartite Entangled States.

    PubMed

    Su, Xiaolong; Tian, Caixing; Deng, Xiaowei; Li, Qiang; Xie, Changde; Peng, Kunchi

    2016-12-09

    Quantum entanglement swapping is one of the most promising ways to realize the quantum connection among local quantum nodes. In this Letter, we present an experimental demonstration of the entanglement swapping between two independent multipartite entangled states, each of which involves a tripartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled state of an optical field. The entanglement swapping is implemented deterministically by means of a joint measurement on two optical modes coming from the two multipartite entangled states respectively and the classical feedforward of the measurement results. After entanglement swapping the two independent multipartite entangled states are merged into a large entangled state in which all unmeasured quantum modes are entangled. The entanglement swapping between a tripartite GHZ state and an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled state is also demonstrated and the dependence of the resultant entanglement on transmission loss is investigated. The presented experiment provides a feasible technical reference for constructing more complicated quantum networks.

  10. Stellar granulation as seen in disk-integrated intensity. II. Theoretical scaling relations compared with observations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Samadi, R.; Belkacem, K.; Ludwig, H.-G.; Caffau, E.; Campante, T. L.; Davies, G. R.; Kallinger, T.; Lund, M. N.; Mosser, B.; Baglin, A.; Mathur, S.; Garcia, R. A.

    2013-11-01

    Context. A large set of stars observed by CoRoT and Kepler shows clear evidence for the presence of a stellar background, which is interpreted to arise from surface convection, i.e., granulation. These observations show that the characteristic time-scale (τeff) and the root-mean-square (rms) brightness fluctuations (σ) associated with the granulation scale as a function of the peak frequency (νmax) of the solar-like oscillations. Aims: We aim at providing a theoretical background to the observed scaling relations based on a model developed in Paper I. Methods: We computed for each 3D model the theoretical power density spectrum (PDS) associated with the granulation as seen in disk-integrated intensity on the basis of the theoretical model published in Paper I. For each PDS we derived the associated characteristic time (τeff) and the rms brightness fluctuations (σ) and compared these theoretical values with the theoretical scaling relations derived from the theoretical model and the measurements made on a large set of Kepler targets. Results: We derive theoretical scaling relations for τeff and σ, which show the same dependence on νmax as the observed scaling relations. In addition, we show that these quantities also scale as a function of the turbulent Mach number (ℳa) estimated at the photosphere. The theoretical scaling relations for τeff and σ match the observations well on a global scale. Quantitatively, the remaining discrepancies with the observations are found to be much smaller than previous theoretical calculations made for red giants. Conclusions: Our modelling provides additional theoretical support for the observed variations of σ and τeff with νmax. It also highlights the important role of ℳa in controlling the properties of the stellar granulation. However, the observations made with Kepler on a wide variety of stars cannot confirm the dependence of our scaling relations on ℳa. Measurements of the granulation background and detections of solar-like oscillations in a statistically sufficient number of cool dwarf stars will be required for confirming the dependence of the theoretical scaling relations with ℳa. Appendices are available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org

  11. Accuracy of the raw-data-based effective atomic numbers and monochromatic CT numbers for contrast medium with a dual-energy CT technique.

    PubMed

    Kawahara, Daisuke; Ozawa, Shuichi; Yokomachi, Kazushi; Tanaka, Sodai; Higaki, Toru; Fujioka, Chikako; Suzuki, Tatsuhiko; Tsuneda, Masato; Nakashima, Takeo; Ohno, Yoshimi; Nagata, Yasushi

    2018-02-01

    To evaluate the accuracy of raw-data-based effective atomic number (Z eff ) values and monochromatic CT numbers for contrast material of varying iodine concentrations, obtained using dual-energy CT. We used a tissue characterization phantom and varying concentrations of iodinated contrast medium. A comparison between the theoretical values of Z eff and that provided by the manufacturer was performed. The measured and theoretical monochromatic CT numbers at 40-130 keV were compared. The average difference between the Z eff values of lung (inhale) inserts in the tissue characterization phantom was 81.3% and the average Z eff difference was within 8.4%. The average difference between the Z eff values of the varying concentrations of iodinated contrast medium was within 11.2%. For the varying concentrations of iodinated contrast medium, the differences between the measured and theoretical monochromatic CT values increased with decreasing monochromatic energy. The Z eff and monochromatic CT numbers in the tissue characterization phantom were reasonably accurate. The accuracy of the raw-data-based Z eff values was higher than that of image-based Z eff values in the tissue-equivalent phantom. The accuracy of Z eff values in the contrast medium was in good agreement within the maximum SD found in the iodine concentration range of clinical dynamic CT imaging. Moreover, the optimum monochromatic energy for human tissue and iodinated contrast medium was found to be 70 keV. Advances in knowledge: The accuracy of the Z eff values and monochromatic CT numbers of the contrast medium created by raw-data-based, dual-energy CT could be sufficient in clinical conditions.

  12. 77 FR 41109 - Margin Requirements for Uncleared Swaps for Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-12

    ... and specifically requests quantitative data and analysis on the comparative costs and benefits of the... quantitative impact study (``QIS'') to assess the costs and benefits of margin requirements. The results of the...

  13. A study of effective atomic numbers and electron densities of some vitamins for electron, H, He and C ion interactions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Büyükyıldız, M.

    2017-09-01

    The radiological properties of some vitamins such as Retinol, Beta-carotene, Riboflavin, Niacin, Niacinamide, Pantothenic acid, Pyridoxine, Pyridoxamine, Pyridoxal, Biotin, Folic acid, Ascorbic acid, Cholecalciferol, Alpha-tocopherol, Gamma-tocopherol, Phylloquinone have been investigated with respect to total electron interaction and some heavy charged particle interaction as means of effective atomic numbers (Z_{eff}) and electron densities (N_{eff}) for the first time. Calculations were performed for total electron interaction and heavy ions such as H, He and C ion interactions in the energy region 10keV-10MeV by using a logarithmic interpolation method. Variations in Z_{eff}'s and N_{eff}'s of given vitamins have been studied according to the energy of electron or heavy charged particles, and significant variations have been observed for all types of interaction in the given energy region. The maximum values of Z_{eff} have been found in the different energy regions for different interactions remarkably and variations in N_{eff} seem approximately to be the same with variation in Z_{eff} for the given vitamins as expected. Z_{eff} values of some vitamins were plotted together and compared with each other for electron, H, He and C interactions and the ratios of Z_{eff}/ < A > have been changed in the range of 0.25-0.36, 0.20-0.36, 0.22-0.35 and 0.20-0.35 for electron, H, He and C interactions, respectively.

  14. Accelerated sampling by infinite swapping of path integral molecular dynamics with surface hopping

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lu, Jianfeng; Zhou, Zhennan

    2018-02-01

    To accelerate the thermal equilibrium sampling of multi-level quantum systems, the infinite swapping limit of a recently proposed multi-level ring polymer representation is investigated. In the infinite swapping limit, the ring polymer evolves according to an averaged Hamiltonian with respect to all possible surface index configurations of the ring polymer and thus connects the surface hopping approach to the mean-field path-integral molecular dynamics. A multiscale integrator for the infinite swapping limit is also proposed to enable efficient sampling based on the limiting dynamics. Numerical results demonstrate the huge improvement of sampling efficiency of the infinite swapping compared with the direct simulation of path-integral molecular dynamics with surface hopping.

  15. More than 3,200 Books and DVDs Donated to Annual Book Swap | Poster

    Cancer.gov

    Robin Meckley, Contributing Writer The Scientific Library’s 14th Annual Book and Media Swap, held on April 16 in the lobby of Building 549, proved to be a popular event. When the swap was rescheduled from fall 2013 to spring 2014, the library staff was uncertain if the response would be equal to previous years, said Sue Wilson, principal manager of the Scientific Library. NCI at Frederick employees rose to the challenge, however, with 87 people donating more than 3,200 books and DVDs, according to Pam Noble, serials technician and book swap team leader. By the end of the first day of the swap, almost half of the materials had been claimed.

  16. Highly efficient entanglement swapping and teleportation at telecom wavelength

    PubMed Central

    Jin, Rui-Bo; Takeoka, Masahiro; Takagi, Utako; Shimizu, Ryosuke; Sasaki, Masahide

    2015-01-01

    Entanglement swapping at telecom wavelengths is at the heart of quantum networking in optical fiber infrastructures. Although entanglement swapping has been demonstrated experimentally so far using various types of entangled photon sources both in near-infrared and telecom wavelength regions, the rate of swapping operation has been too low to be applied to practical quantum protocols, due to limited efficiency of entangled photon sources and photon detectors. Here we demonstrate drastic improvement of the efficiency at telecom wavelength by using two ultra-bright entangled photon sources and four highly efficient superconducting nanowire single photon detectors. We have attained a four-fold coincidence count rate of 108 counts per second, which is three orders higher than the previous experiments at telecom wavelengths. A raw (net) visibility in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between the two independent entangled sources was 73.3 ± 1.0% (85.1 ± 0.8%). We performed the teleportation and entanglement swapping, and obtained a fidelity of 76.3% in the swapping test. Our results on the coincidence count rates are comparable with the ones ever recorded in teleportation/swapping and multi-photon entanglement generation experiments at around 800 nm wavelengths. Our setup opens the way to practical implementation of device-independent quantum key distribution and its distance extension by the entanglement swapping as well as multi-photon entangled state generation in telecom band infrastructures with both space and fiber links. PMID:25791212

  17. Highly efficient entanglement swapping and teleportation at telecom wavelength.

    PubMed

    Jin, Rui-Bo; Takeoka, Masahiro; Takagi, Utako; Shimizu, Ryosuke; Sasaki, Masahide

    2015-03-20

    Entanglement swapping at telecom wavelengths is at the heart of quantum networking in optical fiber infrastructures. Although entanglement swapping has been demonstrated experimentally so far using various types of entangled photon sources both in near-infrared and telecom wavelength regions, the rate of swapping operation has been too low to be applied to practical quantum protocols, due to limited efficiency of entangled photon sources and photon detectors. Here we demonstrate drastic improvement of the efficiency at telecom wavelength by using two ultra-bright entangled photon sources and four highly efficient superconducting nanowire single photon detectors. We have attained a four-fold coincidence count rate of 108 counts per second, which is three orders higher than the previous experiments at telecom wavelengths. A raw (net) visibility in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between the two independent entangled sources was 73.3 ± 1.0% (85.1 ± 0.8%). We performed the teleportation and entanglement swapping, and obtained a fidelity of 76.3% in the swapping test. Our results on the coincidence count rates are comparable with the ones ever recorded in teleportation/swapping and multi-photon entanglement generation experiments at around 800 nm wavelengths. Our setup opens the way to practical implementation of device-independent quantum key distribution and its distance extension by the entanglement swapping as well as multi-photon entangled state generation in telecom band infrastructures with both space and fiber links.

  18. 17 CFR 45.2 - Swap recordkeeping.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... Section 45.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DATA..., complete, and systematic records, together with all pertinent data and memoranda, of all activities..., complete, and systematic records, together with all pertinent data and memoranda, with respect to each swap...

  19. 17 CFR 45.2 - Swap recordkeeping.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... Section 45.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DATA..., complete, and systematic records, together with all pertinent data and memoranda, of all activities..., complete, and systematic records, together with all pertinent data and memoranda, with respect to each swap...

  20. Fifteen years of sector-wide approach (SWAp) in Bangladesh health sector: an assessment of progress.

    PubMed

    Ahsan, Karar Zunaid; Streatfield, Peter Kim; Ijdi, Rashida-E-; Escudero, Gabriela Maria; Khan, Abdul Waheed; Reza, M M

    2016-06-01

    The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW) of the Government of Bangladesh embarked on a sector-wide approach (SWAp) modality for the health, nutrition and population (HNP) sector in 1998. This programmatic shift initiated a different set of planning disciplines and practices along with institutional changes in the MOHFW. Over the years, the SWAp modality has evolved in Bangladesh as the MOHFW has learnt from its implementation and refined the program design. This article explores the progress made, both in terms of achievement of health outcomes and systems strengthening results, since the implementation of the SWAp for Bangladesh's health sector. Secondary analyses of survey data from 1993 to 2011 as well as a literature review of published and grey literature on health SWAp in Bangladesh was conducted for this assessment. Results of the assessment indicate that the MOHFW made substantial progress in health outcomes and health systems strengthening. SWAps facilitated the alignment of funding and technical support around national priorities, and improved the government's role in program design as well as in implementation and development partner coordination. Notable systemic improvements have taken place in the country systems with regards to monitoring and evaluation, procurement and service provision, which have improved functionality of health facilities to provide essential care. Implementation of the SWAp has, therefore, contributed to an accelerated improvement in key health outcomes in Bangladesh over the last 15 years. The health SWAp in Bangladesh offers an example of a successful adaptation of such an approach in a complex administrative structure. Based on the lessons learned from SWAp implementation in Bangladesh, the MOHFW needs to play a stronger stewardship and regulatory role to reap the full benefits of a SWAp in its subsequent programming. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

  1. A comparison of students who chose a traditional or a problem-based learning curriculum after failing year 2 in the traditional curriculum: a unique case study at the Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine.

    PubMed

    McLean, Michelle

    2004-01-01

    To canvas perceptions and experiences of students who had failed Year 2 of a traditional medical program and who chose to remain in the conventional program (n = 6) or had swapped to Curriculum 2001 (C2001), a problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum (n = 14). A year after their decision regarding curriculum choice, students were canvassed (largely open-ended survey) about this decision and about their perceptions of their curricular experiences. C2001 students were positive about their PBL experiences. Overwhelmingly, their decision to swap streams had been a good one. They identified PBL features as supporting their learning. Repeating traditional curriculum students were, however, more circumspect in their opinions. C2001 students had clearly embraced PBL. They were now medical students, largely because of PBL activities underpinned by a sound educational philosophy. This unique case study has provided additional evidence that PBL students are generally more content with their studies than their conventional curriculum counterparts.

  2. 17 CFR 45.2 - Swap recordkeeping.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... Section 45.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SWAP DATA..., complete, and systematic records, together with all pertinent data and memoranda, of all activities..., complete, and systematic records, together with all pertinent data and memoranda, with respect to each swap...

  3. 75 FR 70310 - Sunshine Act Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-17

    ... Consumer Protection Act governing the security-based swap data repository registration process, the duties of such repositories, and the core principles applicable to such repositories. 4. The Commission will... security-based swap data repositories or the Commission and the public dissemination of security-based swap...

  4. Exploring SWAp's contribution to the efficient allocation and use of resources in the health sector in Zambia.

    PubMed

    Chansa, Collins; Sundewall, Jesper; McIntyre, Di; Tomson, Göran; Forsberg, Birger C

    2008-07-01

    Zambia introduced a sector-wide approach (SWAp) in the health sector in 1993. The goal was to improve efficiency in the use of domestic funds and externally sourced development assistance by integrating these into a joint sectoral framework. Over a decade into its existence, however, the SWAp remains largely unevaluated. This study explores whether the envisaged improvements have been achieved by studying developments in administrative, technical and allocative efficiency in the Zambian health sector from 1990-2006. A case study was conducted using interviews and analysis of secondary data. Respondents represented a cross-section of stakeholders in the Zambian health sector. Secondary data from 1990-2006 were collected for six indicators related to administrative, technical and allocative efficiency. The results showed small improvements in administrative efficiency. Transaction costs still appeared to be high despite the introduction of the SWAp. Indicators for technical efficiency showed a drop in hospital bed utilization rates and government share of funding for drugs. As for allocative efficiency, budget execution did not improve with the SWAp, although there were large variations between both donors and year. Funding levels had apparently improved at district level but declined for hospitals. Finally, the SWAp had not succeeded in bringing all external assistance together under a common framework. Despite strong commitment to implement the SWAp in Zambia, the envisaged efficiency improvements do not seem to have been attained. Possible explanations could be that the SWAp has not been fully developed or that not all parties have completely embraced it. SWAp is not ruled out as a coordination model, but the current setup in Zambia has not proved to be fully effective.

  5. 17 CFR 49.10 - Acceptance of data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... protocols established by a swap data repository shall provide for the receipt of swap creation data, swap continuation data, real-time public reporting data, and all other data and information required to be reported... repository shall adopt policies and procedures, including technological protocols, which provide for...

  6. 17 CFR 49.10 - Acceptance of data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... protocols established by a swap data repository shall provide for the receipt of swap creation data, swap continuation data, real-time public reporting data, and all other data and information required to be reported... repository shall adopt policies and procedures, including technological protocols, which provide for...

  7. 17 CFR 49.3 - Procedures for registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... that such swap data repository is appropriately organized, and has the capacity: to ensure the prompt.... 49.3 Section 49.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DATA... desiring to be registered as a swap data repository shall file electronically an application for...

  8. 17 CFR 49.3 - Procedures for registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... if the Commission finds that such swap data repository is appropriately organized, and has the...) SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES § 49.3 Procedures for registration. (a) Application procedures. (1) An applicant, person or entity desiring to be registered as a swap data repository shall file electronically an...

  9. 17 CFR 49.3 - Procedures for registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... that such swap data repository is appropriately organized, and has the capacity: to ensure the prompt.... 49.3 Section 49.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DATA... desiring to be registered as a swap data repository shall file electronically an application for...

  10. 77 FR 49428 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection, Comment Request: Further...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-16

    ... Agreement''; Mixed Swaps; Security- Based Swap Agreement Recordkeeping: Book-out Agreement Confirmation... Protection Act (``Dodd-Frank Act''), requiring that oral book- out agreements must be followed in a..., ``Product Definitions''); regarding ``mixed swaps;'' and governing books and records with respect to...

  11. A stochastic hybrid model for pricing forward-start variance swaps

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Roslan, Teh Raihana Nazirah

    2017-11-01

    Recently, market players have been exposed to the astounding increase in the trading volume of variance swaps. In this paper, the forward-start nature of a variance swap is being inspected, where hybridizations of equity and interest rate models are used to evaluate the price of discretely-sampled forward-start variance swaps. The Heston stochastic volatility model is being extended to incorporate the dynamics of the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) stochastic interest rate model. This is essential since previous studies on variance swaps were mainly focusing on instantaneous-start variance swaps without considering the interest rate effects. This hybrid model produces an efficient semi-closed form pricing formula through the development of forward characteristic functions. The performance of this formula is investigated via simulations to demonstrate how the formula performs for different sampling times and against the real market scenario. Comparison done with the Monte Carlo simulation which was set as our main reference point reveals that our pricing formula gains almost the same precision in a shorter execution time.

  12. 77 FR 15459 - Procedures To Establish Appropriate Minimum Block Sizes for Large Notional Off-Facility Swaps and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-15

    ... Commission is of the view that the term swap category is a more descriptive term to convey the concept of a... inappropriate comparative measure for the swaps market.\\46\\ Some of these commenters, for example, argued that...

  13. 17 CFR 45.6 - Legal entity identifiers

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... applied to swap data repositories by part 49 of this chapter. (4) Open Source. The schema for the legal... Section 45.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DATA... to the jurisdiction of the Commission shall be identified in all recordkeeping and all swap data...

  14. 17 CFR 45.6 - Legal entity identifiers

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... applied to swap data repositories by part 49 of this chapter. (4) Open Source. The schema for the legal... Section 45.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DATA... to the jurisdiction of the Commission shall be identified in all recordkeeping and all swap data...

  15. 17 CFR 49.22 - Chief compliance officer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ....22 Section 49.22 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DATA... 49, the term “board of directors” means the board of directors of a registered swap data repository, or for those swap data repositories whose organizational structure does not include a board of...

  16. 17 CFR 49.22 - Chief compliance officer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ....22 Section 49.22 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DATA... 49, the term “board of directors” means the board of directors of a registered swap data repository, or for those swap data repositories whose organizational structure does not include a board of...

  17. 78 FR 21045 - Adaptation of Regulations to Incorporate Swaps-Records of Transactions; Correction

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-09

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 1 RIN 3038-AD53 Adaptation of Regulations to Incorporate Swaps--Records of Transactions; Correction AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION...), regarding Adaptation of Regulations to Incorporate Swaps--Records of Transactions. DATES: This correction to...

  18. The growth temperature and measurement temperature dependences of soft magnetic properties and effective damping parameter of (FeCo)-Al alloy thin films

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ariake, Yusuke; Wu, Shuang; Kanada, Isao; Mewes, Tim; Tanaka, Yoshitomo; Mankey, Gary; Mewes, Claudia; Suzuki, Takao

    2018-05-01

    The soft magnetic properties and effective damping parameters of Fe73Co25Al2 alloy thin films are discussed. The effective damping parameter αeff measured by ferromagnetic resonance for the 10 nm-thick sample is nearly constant (≈0.004 ± 0.0008) for a growth temperature Ts from ambient to 200 °C, and then tends to decrease for higher temperatures and αeff is 0.002 ± 0.0004 at Ts = 300 °C. For the 80 nm-thick sample, the αeff seems to increase with Ts from αeff = 0.001 ± 0.0002 at Ts = ambient to αeff = 0.002 ± 0.0004. The αeff is found nearly constant (αeff = 0.004 ± 0.0008) over a temperature range from 10 to 300 K for the 10 nm films with the different Ts (ambient, 100 and 200 °C). Together with an increasing non-linearity of the frequency dependence of the linewidth at low Ts, extrinsic contributions such as two-magnon scattering dominate the observed temperature dependence of effective damping and linewidth.

  19. Direct experimental observation of the molecular J eff=3/2 ground state in the lacunar spinel GaTa 4Se 8

    DOE PAGES

    Jeong, Min Yong; Chang, Seo Hyoung; Kim, Beom Hyun; ...

    2017-10-04

    Strong spin-orbit coupling lifts the degeneracy of t 2g orbitals in 5d transition-metal systems, leaving a Kramers doublet and quartet with effective angular momentum of J eff = 1/2 and 3/2, respectively. These spin-orbit entangled states can host exotic quantum phases such as topological Mott state, unconventional superconductivity, and quantum spin liquid. The lacunar spinel GaTa 4Se 8 was theoretically predicted to form the molecular J eff = 3/2 ground state. Experimental verification of its existence is an important first step to exploring the consequences of the J eff = 3/2 state. Here, we report direct experimental evidence of themore » J eff = 3/2 state in GaTa 4Se 8 by means of excitation spectra of resonant inelastic x-rays scattering at the Ta L 3 and L 2 edges. In conclusion, we found that the excitations involving the J eff = 1/2 molecular orbital were absent only at the Ta L 2 edge, manifesting the realization of the molecular J eff = 3/2 ground state in GaTa 4Se 8.« less

  20. Direct experimental observation of the molecular J eff=3/2 ground state in the lacunar spinel GaTa 4Se 8

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jeong, Min Yong; Chang, Seo Hyoung; Kim, Beom Hyun

    Strong spin-orbit coupling lifts the degeneracy of t 2g orbitals in 5d transition-metal systems, leaving a Kramers doublet and quartet with effective angular momentum of J eff = 1/2 and 3/2, respectively. These spin-orbit entangled states can host exotic quantum phases such as topological Mott state, unconventional superconductivity, and quantum spin liquid. The lacunar spinel GaTa 4Se 8 was theoretically predicted to form the molecular J eff = 3/2 ground state. Experimental verification of its existence is an important first step to exploring the consequences of the J eff = 3/2 state. Here, we report direct experimental evidence of themore » J eff = 3/2 state in GaTa 4Se 8 by means of excitation spectra of resonant inelastic x-rays scattering at the Ta L 3 and L 2 edges. In conclusion, we found that the excitations involving the J eff = 1/2 molecular orbital were absent only at the Ta L 2 edge, manifesting the realization of the molecular J eff = 3/2 ground state in GaTa 4Se 8.« less

  1. 17 CFR 49.22 - Chief compliance officer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... that the registered swap data repository provide fair and open access as set forth in § 49.27 of this...) SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES § 49.22 Chief compliance officer. (a) Definition of Board of Directors. For... data repository, or for those swap data repositories whose organizational structure does not include a...

  2. 78 FR 4365 - Capital, Margin, and Segregation Requirements for Security-Based Swap Dealers and Major Security...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-22

    ... 3235-AL12 Capital, Margin, and Segregation Requirements for Security-Based Swap Dealers and Major... public comment to establish capital, margin, and segregation requirements for security-based swap dealers... soliciting comment on proposed rules and rule amendments establishing capital, margin, and segregation...

  3. 75 FR 76930 - Real-Time Public Reporting of Swap Transaction Data

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-10

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 43 RIN 3038-AD08 Real-Time Public Reporting of Swap Transaction Data Correction In proposed rule document 2010-29994 beginning on page 76140 in the...--Additional Real-Time Public Reporting Data Fields for Options, Swaptions and Swaps with Embedded Options...

  4. Scientific Library Will Hold 16th Annual Book and Media Swap | Poster

    Cancer.gov

    The Scientific Library has begun collecting materials for the 16th Annual Book and Media Swap and will continue to do so through Tuesday, October 25. Opening day for the Swap is Wednesday, October 26, and the event will continue through Wednesday, November 30.

  5. Swap Bribery

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Elkind, Edith; Faliszewski, Piotr; Slinko, Arkadii

    In voting theory, bribery is a form of manipulative behavior in which an external actor (the briber) offers to pay the voters to change their votes in order to get her preferred candidate elected. We investigate a model of bribery where the price of each vote depends on the amount of change that the voter is asked to implement. Specifically, in our model the briber can change a voter’s preference list by paying for a sequence of swaps of consecutive candidates. Each swap may have a different price; the price of a bribery is the sum of the prices of all swaps that it involves. We prove complexity results for this model, which we call swap bribery, for a broad class of voting rules, including variants of approval and k-approval, Borda, Copeland, and maximin.

  6. Do Sector Wide Approaches for health aid delivery lead to 'donor-flight'? A comparison of 46 low-income countries.

    PubMed

    Sweeney, Rohan; Mortimer, Duncan; Johnston, David W

    2014-03-01

    Sector Wide Approaches (SWAp) emerged during the 1990s as a new policy mechanism for aid delivery. Eschewing many features of traditional project-based aid, SWAps give greater control of aid allocation to recipient countries. Some critics have questioned whether reducing a donor's level of influence over aid allocation might lead to a decrease in donor contributions. While some qualitative evaluations have described the level of fund pooling and donor participation in SWAps, no previous study has empirically examined this potential 'donor-flight' response to health SWAp implementation. This paper utilises a uniquely compiled dataset of 46 low-income countries over 1990-2009 and a variety of panel data regression models to estimate the impact of health SWAp implementation on levels of health aid. Results suggest that amongst 16 especially poor low-income countries, SWAp implementation is associated with significant decreases in health aid levels compared with non-implementers. This suggests donors are not indifferent to how their contributions are allocated by recipients, and that low-income countries considering a SWAp may need to weigh the benefits of greater control of aid allocations against the possibility of reduced aid income. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. Genome-Wide Prediction and Analysis of 3D-Domain Swapped Proteins in the Human Genome from Sequence Information.

    PubMed

    Upadhyay, Atul Kumar; Sowdhamini, Ramanathan

    2016-01-01

    3D-domain swapping is one of the mechanisms of protein oligomerization and the proteins exhibiting this phenomenon have many biological functions. These proteins, which undergo domain swapping, have acquired much attention owing to their involvement in human diseases, such as conformational diseases, amyloidosis, serpinopathies, proteionopathies etc. Early realisation of proteins in the whole human genome that retain tendency to domain swap will enable many aspects of disease control management. Predictive models were developed by using machine learning approaches with an average accuracy of 78% (85.6% of sensitivity, 87.5% of specificity and an MCC value of 0.72) to predict putative domain swapping in protein sequences. These models were applied to many complete genomes with special emphasis on the human genome. Nearly 44% of the protein sequences in the human genome were predicted positive for domain swapping. Enrichment analysis was performed on the positively predicted sequences from human genome for their domain distribution, disease association and functional importance based on Gene Ontology (GO). Enrichment analysis was also performed to infer a better understanding of the functional importance of these sequences. Finally, we developed hinge region prediction, in the given putative domain swapped sequence, by using important physicochemical properties of amino acids.

  8. Modeling the near-ultraviolet band of GK stars. III. Dependence on abundance pattern

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Short, C. Ian; Campbell, Eamonn A., E-mail: ishort@ap.smu.ca

    2013-06-01

    We extend the grid of non-LTE (NLTE) models presented in Paper II to explore variations in abundance pattern in two ways: (1) the adoption of the Asplund et al. (GASS10) abundances, (2) for stars of metallicity, [M/H], of –0.5, the adoption of a non-solar enhancement of α-elements by +0.3 dex. Moreover, our grid of synthetic spectral energy distributions (SEDs) is interpolated to a finer numerical resolution in both T {sub eff} (ΔT {sub eff} = 25 K) and log g (Δlog g = 0.25). We compare the values of T {sub eff} and log g inferred from fitting LTE andmore » NLTE SEDs to observed SEDs throughout the entire visible band, and in an ad hoc 'blue' band. We compare our spectrophotometrically derived T {sub eff} values to a variety of T {sub eff} calibrations, including more empirical ones, drawn from the literature. For stars of solar metallicity, we find that the adoption of the GASS10 abundances lowers the inferred T {sub eff} value by 25-50 K for late-type giants, and NLTE models computed with the GASS10 abundances give T {sub eff} results that are marginally in better agreement with other T {sub eff} calibrations. For stars of [M/H] = –0.5 there is marginal evidence that adoption of α-enhancement further lowers the derived T {sub eff} value by 50 K. Stellar parameters inferred from fitting NLTE models to SEDs are more dependent than LTE models on the wavelength region being fitted, and we find that the effect depends on how heavily line blanketed the fitting region is, whether the fitting region is to the blue of the Wien peak of the star's SED, or both.« less

  9. 17 CFR 23.205 - Real-time public reporting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Real-time public reporting. 23... Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants § 23.205 Real-time public reporting. (a) Real-time public... information and swap transaction and pricing data required to be reported in accordance with the real-time...

  10. 17 CFR 23.205 - Real-time public reporting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Real-time public reporting. 23... Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants § 23.205 Real-time public reporting. (a) Real-time public... information and swap transaction and pricing data required to be reported in accordance with the real-time...

  11. 76 FR 27621 - Margin Requirements for Uncleared Swaps for Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-12

    ...). Elsewhere today in the Federal Register, the Commission is proposing to adopt capital, financial reporting... requirements, and supplemental financial reporting requirements for these FCMs. The Commission now is extending... proposing to adopt capital, financial reporting, and recordkeeping requirements for SDs and MSPs, as well as...

  12. 76 FR 23732 - Margin Requirements for Uncleared Swaps for Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-28

    ... these statutory bounds the Commission has endeavored to limit costs appropriately. For example, as... Commission anticipates that the prudential regulators will publicly post their proposed rules on their Web... containing a threshold below which the CSE was not required to post initial margin, i.e., zero thresholds...

  13. 17 CFR 230.239 - Exemption for offers and sales of certain security-based swaps.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... specified Internet address or includes in its agreement covering the security-based swap that the eligible... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Exemption for offers and sales of certain security-based swaps. 230.239 Section 230.239 Commodity and Securities Exchanges...

  14. 17 CFR 230.239 - Exemption for offers and sales of certain security-based swaps.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... specified Internet address or includes in its agreement covering the security-based swap that the eligible... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Exemption for offers and sales of certain security-based swaps. 230.239 Section 230.239 Commodity and Securities Exchanges...

  15. 78 FR 33475 - Core Principles and Other Requirements for Swap Execution Facilities

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-04

    ... Core Principles and Other Requirements for Swap Execution Facilities; Final Rule #0;#0;Federal Register... FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 37 RIN 3038-AD18 Core Principles and Other Requirements for Swap... Core Principles 1. Subpart B--Core Principle 1 (Compliance With Core Principles) 2. Subpart C--Core...

  16. 78 FR 45291 - Interpretive Guidance and Policy Statement Regarding Compliance With Certain Swap Regulations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-26

    ... Section 2(i) A. Comments B. Statutory Analysis C. Principles of International Comity IV. Guidance A... Reporting ii. Swap Data Recordkeeping Relating to Complaints and Marketing and Sales Materials iii. Physical... Reporting 2. Swap Data Recordkeeping Relating to Complaints and Marketing and Sales Materials 3. Physical...

  17. 77 FR 26709 - Swap Data Repositories: Interpretative Statement Regarding the Confidentiality and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-07

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 49 RIN 3038-AD83 Swap Data Repositories... data repositories (``SDRs'').SDRs are new registered entities created by section 728 of the Dodd-Frank... Act amends section 1a of the CEA to add a definition of the term ``swap data repository.'' Pursuant to...

  18. 77 FR 48060 - Real-Time Public Reporting of Swap Transaction Data; Correction

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-13

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 43 RIN 3038-AD08 Real-Time Public Reporting of...'') published the Real-Time Public Reporting of Swap Transaction Data (``Real-Time Public Reporting'') rule and.... Background The Commission published the final rule entitled Real-Time Public Reporting of Swap Transaction...

  19. Is therapist evaluation of Social Anxiety/Avoidance traits associated with patient-reported attachment style?

    PubMed

    Katz, Michael; Hilsenroth, Mark J

    2017-11-01

    The Social Anxiety/Avoidance Scale was recently added to the Shedler Westen Assessment Procedure (SWAP), and requires independent validation. This study used data drawn from a larger ongoing project in order to retrospectively examine its convergent validity with two self-report attachment measures: Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) and Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire-Revised (ECR-R). Fifty-two patients completed the RQ and the ECR-R before beginning psychotherapy treatment. Clinicians rated the patients on the SWAP after six sessions. The SWAP Social Anxiety/Avoidance Scale (SWAP-SAAS) was negatively related to the RQ secure attachment prototype scale and positively related to the ECR-R attachment anxiety scale. Our findings provide initial support for the use of the SWAP-SAAS as a therapist-rated measure associated with lower patient-reported levels of fit with a secure attachment prototype and with higher patient-reported levels of attachment anxiety. Implications and suggestions for future research on the SWAP-SAAS, as well as for clinical work with socially anxious and avoidant patients, are discussed. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  20. Fast ion swapping for quantum-information processing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kaufmann, H.; Ruster, T.; Schmiegelow, C. T.; Luda, M. A.; Kaushal, V.; Schulz, J.; von Lindenfels, D.; Schmidt-Kaler, F.; Poschinger, U. G.

    2017-05-01

    We demonstrate a swap gate between laser-cooled ions in a segmented microtrap via fast physical swapping of the ion positions. This operation is used in conjunction with qubit initialization, manipulation, and readout and with other types of shuttling operations such as linear transport and crystal separation and merging. Combining these operations, we perform quantum process tomography of the swap gate, obtaining a mean process fidelity of 99.5(5)%. The swap operation is demonstrated with motional excitations below 0.05(1) quantum for all six collective modes of a two-ion crystal for a process duration of 42 μ s . Extending these techniques to three ions, we reverse the order of a three-ion crystal and reconstruct the truth table for this operation, resulting in a mean process fidelity of 99.96(13)% in the logical basis.

  1. A Cellular Automaton model for pedestrian counterflow with swapping

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tao, Y. Z.; Dong, L. Y.

    2017-06-01

    In this paper, we propose a new floor field Cellular Automaton (CA) model with considering the swapping behaviors of pedestrians. The neighboring pedestrians in opposite directions take swapping in a probability decided by the linear density of pedestrian flow. The swapping which happens simultaneously with the normal movement is introduced to eliminate the gridlock in low density region. Numerical results show that the fundamental diagram is in good agreement with the measured data. Then the model is applied to investigate the counterflow and four typical states such as free flow, lane, intermediate and congestion states are found. More attention is paid on the intermediate state which lane-formation and local congestions switch in an irregular manner. The swapping plays a vital role in reducing the gridlock. Furthermore, the influence of the corridor size and individual's eyesight on counterflow are discussed in detail.

  2. SWAP-Assembler 2: Optimization of De Novo Genome Assembler at Large Scale

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Meng, Jintao; Seo, Sangmin; Balaji, Pavan

    2016-08-16

    In this paper, we analyze and optimize the most time-consuming steps of the SWAP-Assembler, a parallel genome assembler, so that it can scale to a large number of cores for huge genomes with the size of sequencing data ranging from terabyes to petabytes. According to the performance analysis results, the most time-consuming steps are input parallelization, k-mer graph construction, and graph simplification (edge merging). For the input parallelization, the input data is divided into virtual fragments with nearly equal size, and the start position and end position of each fragment are automatically separated at the beginning of the reads. Inmore » k-mer graph construction, in order to improve the communication efficiency, the message size is kept constant between any two processes by proportionally increasing the number of nucleotides to the number of processes in the input parallelization step for each round. The memory usage is also decreased because only a small part of the input data is processed in each round. With graph simplification, the communication protocol reduces the number of communication loops from four to two loops and decreases the idle communication time. The optimized assembler is denoted as SWAP-Assembler 2 (SWAP2). In our experiments using a 1000 Genomes project dataset of 4 terabytes (the largest dataset ever used for assembling) on the supercomputer Mira, the results show that SWAP2 scales to 131,072 cores with an efficiency of 40%. We also compared our work with both the HipMER assembler and the SWAP-Assembler. On the Yanhuang dataset of 300 gigabytes, SWAP2 shows a 3X speedup and 4X better scalability compared with the HipMer assembler and is 45 times faster than the SWAP-Assembler. The SWAP2 software is available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/swapassembler.« less

  3. Measurement of pulmonary capillary blood flow in infants by plethysmography.

    PubMed Central

    Stocks, J; Costeloe, K; Winlove, C P; Godfrey, S

    1977-01-01

    An accurate method for measuring effective pulmonary capillary blood flow (Qc eff) in infants has been developed with an adaptation of the plethysmographic technique. Measurements were made on 19 preterm. 14 small-for-dates, and 7 fullterm normal infants with a constant volume whole body plethysmograph in which the infant rebreathed nitrous oxide. There was a highly significant correlation between Qc eff and body weight, and this relationship was unaffected by premature delivery or intrauterine growth retardation. Mean Qc eff in preterm, small-for dates, and fullterm infants was 203, 208 and 197 ml min-1 kg-1, respectively, with no significant differences between the groups. A significant negative correlation existed between Qc eff and haematocrit in the preterm infants. There was no relationship between weight standardized Qc eff and postnatal age in any of the groups. With this technique, it was possible to readily recognise the presence of rapid recirculation (indicative of shunting) in several of the infants, suggesting that rebreathing methods for the assessment of Qc eff should not be applied indiscriminately during the neonatal period. By taking care to overcome the potential sources of technical error, it was possible to obtain highly reproducible results of Qc eff in infants over a wider age range than has been previously reported. PMID:838861

  4. The Relationship of Sodium and Oxygen in Galactic Field RR Lyrae Stars

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Andrievsky, S.; Wallerstein, G.; Korotin, S.; Lyashko, D.; Kovtyukh, V.; Tsymbal, V.; Davis, C. E.; Gomez, T.; Huang, W.; Farrell, E. M.

    2018-02-01

    We analyzed 62 high-resolution spectra of 30 Galactic Field RR Lyrae-type stars with the aim of deriving their atmospheric parameters (T eff , {log}g, V t ), metallicity ([Fe/H]), radial velocities, and NLTE abundances of oxygen and sodium. We found that there is no clear anti-correlation between [O/Fe] and [Na/Fe] as is seen in globular clusters. On this basis, we conclude that the majority of field RR Lyrae-type stars should hardly be considered to be remnants of the dissolution of globular clusters.

  5. Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR). Volume 21, Number 10, October 2014

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-10-01

    2 1 Surveillance snapshot: manner and cause of death, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 1998–2013 S U M M A R Y T A B L E S A N D F I G U R...members are subject to close scru- tiny by the Armed Forces Medical Examiner; documentation of the manner and underly- ing cause of death is thorough...to fi rearms, but it does not demonstrate a clear cause -and-eff ect relationship. In particular, the results of this analysis should not be

  6. Chromatic interocular-switch rivalry.

    PubMed

    Christiansen, Jens H; D'Antona, Anthony D; Shevell, Steven K

    2017-05-01

    Interocular-switch rivalry (also known as stimulus rivalry) is a kind of binocular rivalry in which two rivalrous images are swapped between the eyes several times a second. The result is stable periods of one image and then the other, with stable intervals that span many eye swaps (Logothetis, Leopold, & Sheinberg, 1996). Previous work used this close kin of binocular rivalry with rivalrous forms. Experiments here test whether chromatic interocular-switch rivalry, in which the swapped stimuli differ in only chromaticity, results in slow alternation between two colors. Swapping equiluminant rivalrous chromaticities at 3.75 Hz resulted in slow perceptual color alternation, with one or the other color often continuously visible for two seconds or longer (during which there were 15+ eye swaps). A well-known theory for sustained percepts from interocular-switch rivalry with form is inhibitory competition between binocular neurons driven by monocular neurons with matched orientation tuning in each eye; such binocular neurons would produce a stable response when a given orientation is swapped between the eyes. A similar model can account for the percepts here from chromatic interocular-switch rivalry and is underpinned by the neurophysiological finding that color-preferring binocular neurons are driven by monocular neurons from each eye with well-matched chromatic selectivity (Peirce, Solomon, Forte, & Lennie, 2008). In contrast to chromatic interocular-switch rivalry, luminance interocular-switch rivalry with swapped stimuli that differ in only luminance did not result in slowly alternating percepts of different brightnesses.

  7. 76 FR 42395 - Business Conduct Standards for Security-Based Swap Dealers and Major Security-Based Swap...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-18

    ... received. Table of Contents I. Introduction A. Statutory Framework B. Consultations C. Approach to Drafting.... Generally B. Consistency With CFTC Approach IV. Paperwork Reduction Act A. Summary of Collections of... that may rely on security-based swaps to manage risk and reduce volatility. C. Approach to Drafting the...

  8. 75 FR 80173 - Further Definition of “Swap Dealer,” “Security-Based Swap Dealer,” “Major Swap Participant...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-21

    .... The Commission will post all comments on the Commission's Internet Web site ( http://www.sec.gov/rules..., which are the subject of separate rulemakings. For example, whether the definition of a major... Regarding Dealing Activities Commenters provided numerous examples of conduct they viewed as dealing...

  9. 17 CFR 43.3 - Method and timing for real-time public reporting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... § 43.5. (3) Prohibitions on disclosure of data. (i) If there is a registered swap data repository for... disclosure is made no earlier than the transmittal of such data to a registered swap data repository for... such data by a registered swap data repository unless: (A) Such disclosure is made no earlier than the...

  10. 76 FR 22833 - Swap Data Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements: Pre-Enactment and Transition Swaps

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-25

    ... the IFRs. Comments generally fell into one or more of several broad categories and in a number of instances were common to both IFRs. Some commenters observed that issuance of IFRs in advance of regulations... required to keep records as provided in the Commission's IFRs concerning pre-enactment and transition swaps...

  11. 76 FR 6715 - Swap Trading Relationship Documentation Requirements for Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-08

    ... VII of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act). Section 731 of... registered entities and intermediaries subject to the Commission's oversight. \\1\\ See Dodd-Frank Wall Street... section 701 of the Dodd-Frank Act, Title VII may be cited as the ``Wall Street Transparency and...

  12. 77 FR 71369 - Capital, Margin, and Segregation Requirements for Security-Based Swap Dealers and Major Security...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-30

    ... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 240 [Release No. 34-68071; File No. S7-08-12] RIN 3235-AL12 Capital, Margin, and Segregation Requirements for Security-Based Swap Dealers and Major Security-Based Swap Participants and Capital Requirements for Broker-Dealers Correction In proposed rule...

  13. 17 CFR 46.8 - Data reporting for swaps in a swap asset class not accepted by any swap data repository.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    .... (c) Delegation of authority to the Chief Information Officer: The Commission hereby delegates to its Chief Information Officer, until the Commission orders otherwise, the authority set forth in paragraph (c) of this section, to be exercised by the Chief Information Officer or by such other employee or...

  14. 17 CFR 45.11 - Data reporting for swaps in a swap asset class not accepted by any swap data repository.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... to the Commission. (c) Delegation of authority to the Chief Information Officer: The Commission hereby delegates to its Chief Information Officer, until the Commission orders otherwise, the authority set forth in paragraph (c) of this section, to be exercised by the Chief Information Officer or by...

  15. 17 CFR 46.8 - Data reporting for swaps in a swap asset class not accepted by any swap data repository.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    .... (c) Delegation of authority to the Chief Information Officer: The Commission hereby delegates to its Chief Information Officer, until the Commission orders otherwise, the authority set forth in paragraph (c) of this section, to be exercised by the Chief Information Officer or by such other employee or...

  16. 17 CFR 45.11 - Data reporting for swaps in a swap asset class not accepted by any swap data repository.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... to the Commission. (c) Delegation of authority to the Chief Information Officer: The Commission hereby delegates to its Chief Information Officer, until the Commission orders otherwise, the authority set forth in paragraph (c) of this section, to be exercised by the Chief Information Officer or by...

  17. 76 FR 10947 - Registration and Regulation of Security-Based Swap Execution Facilities

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-28

    ... electronic media to execute transactions in SB swaps varies greatly across trading venues, with some venues... telephone. The reasons for use of, or lack of use of, electronic media vary from such factors as user... communications to contact directly a potential counterparty to negotiate a SB swap. Once the terms are agreed...

  18. Comparison of Standard Automated Perimetry, Short-Wavelength Automated Perimetry, and Frequency-Doubling Technology Perimetry to Monitor Glaucoma Progression

    PubMed Central

    Hu, Rongrong; Wang, Chenkun; Gu, Yangshun; Racette, Lyne

    2016-01-01

    Abstract Detection of progression is paramount to the clinical management of glaucoma. Our goal is to compare the performance of standard automated perimetry (SAP), short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP), and frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimetry in monitoring glaucoma progression. Longitudinal data of paired SAP, SWAP, and FDT from 113 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma enrolled in the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study or the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study were included. Data from all tests were expressed in comparable units by converting the sensitivity from decibels to unitless contrast sensitivity and by expressing sensitivity values in percent of mean normal based on an independent dataset of 207 healthy eyes with aging deterioration taken into consideration. Pointwise linear regression analysis was performed and 3 criteria (conservative, moderate, and liberal) were used to define progression and improvement. Global mean sensitivity (MS) was fitted with linear mixed models. No statistically significant difference in the proportion of progressing and improving eyes was observed across tests using the conservative criterion. Fewer eyes showed improvement on SAP compared to SWAP and FDT using the moderate criterion; and FDT detected less progressing eyes than SAP and SWAP using the liberal criterion. The agreement between these test types was poor. The linear mixed model showed a progressing trend of global MS overtime for SAP and SWAP, but not for FDT. The baseline estimate of SWAP MS was significantly lower than SAP MS by 21.59% of mean normal. FDT showed comparable estimation of baseline MS with SAP. SWAP and FDT do not appear to have significant benefits over SAP in monitoring glaucoma progression. SAP, SWAP, and FDT may, however, detect progression in different glaucoma eyes. PMID:26886602

  19. Effects of core type, placement, and width on the estimated interstrand coupling properties of QXF-type Nb 3Sn Rutherford cables

    DOE PAGES

    Collings, E. W.; Sumption, M. D.; Majoros, M.; ...

    2015-01-12

    The coupling magnetization of a Rutherford cable is inversely proportional to an effective interstrand contact resistance R eff , a function of the crossing-strand resistance R c, and the adjacent strand resistance R a. In cored cables, R eff continuously varies with W, the core width expressed as percent interstrand cover. For a series of un-heat-treated stabrite-coated NbTi LHC-inner cables with stainless-steel (SS, insulating) cores, R eff (W) decreased smoothly as W decreased from 100%, whereas for a set of research-wound SS-cored Nb 3Sn cables, R eff plummeted abruptly and remained low over most of the range. The difference ismore » due to the controlling influence of R c - 2.5 μΩ for the stabrite/NbTi and 0.26 μΩ for Nb 3Sn. The experimental behavior was replicated in the R eff (W)’s calculated by the program CUDI, which (using the basic parameters of the QXF cable) went on to show in terms of decreasing W that: 1) in QXF-type Nb 3Sn cables (R c = 0.26 μΩ), R eff dropped even more suddenly when the SS core, instead of being centered, was offset to one edge of the cable; 2) R eff decreased more gradually in cables with higher R c’s; and 3) a suitable R eff for a Nb 3Sn cable can be achieved by inserting a suitably resistive core rather than an insulating (SS) one.« less

  20. Biopharmaceutical classification of drugs using intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) and rat intestinal permeability.

    PubMed

    Zakeri-Milani, Parvin; Barzegar-Jalali, Mohammad; Azimi, Mandana; Valizadeh, Hadi

    2009-09-01

    The solubility and dissolution rate of active ingredients are of major importance in preformulation studies of pharmaceutical dosage forms. In the present study, passively absorbed drugs are classified based on their intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) and their intestinal permeabilities. IDR was determined by measuring the dissolution of a non-disintegrating disk of drug, and effective intestinal permeability of tested drugs in rat jejunum was determined using single perfusion technique. The obtained intrinsic dissolution rate values were in the range of 0.035-56.8 mg/min/cm(2) for tested drugs. The minimum and maximum intestinal permeabilities in rat intestine were determined to be 1.6 x 10(-5) and 2 x 10(-4)cm/s, respectively. Four classes of drugs were defined: Category I: P(eff,rat)>5 x 10(-5) (cm/s) or P(eff,human)>4.7 x 10(-5) (cm/s), IDR>1(mg/min/cm(2)), Category II: P(eff,rat)>5 x 10(-5) (cm/s) or P(eff,human)>4.7 x 10(-5) (cm/s), IDR<1(mg/min/cm(2)), Category III: P(eff,rat)<5 x 10(-5) (cm/s) or P(eff,human)<4.7 x 10(-5) (cm/s), IDR>1 (mg/min/cm(2)) and Category IV: P(eff,rat)<5 x 10(-5) (cm/s) or P(eff,human)<4.7 x 10(-5) (cm/s), IDR<1(mg/min/cm(2)). According to the results obtained and proposed classification of drugs, it is concluded that drugs could be categorized correctly based on their IDR and intestinal permeability values.

  1. LIN-39/Hox triggers cell division and represses EFF-1/fusogen-dependent vulval cell fusion

    PubMed Central

    Shemer, Gidi; Podbilewicz, Benjamin

    2002-01-01

    General mechanisms by which Hox genes establish cell fates are known. However, a few Hox effectors mediating cell behaviors have been identified. Here we found the first effector of LIN-39/HoxD4/Dfd in Caenorhabditis elegans. In specific vulval precursor cells (VPCs), LIN-39 represses early and late expression of EFF-1, a membrane protein essential for cell fusion. Repression of eff-1 is also achieved by the activity of CEH-20/Exd/Pbx, a known cofactor of Hox proteins. Unfused VPCs in lin-39(−);eff-1(−) double mutants fail to divide but migrate, executing vulval fates. Thus, lin-39 is essential for inhibition of EFF-1-dependent cell fusion and stimulation of cell proliferation during vulva formation. Supplemental material is available at http://www.genesdev.org. PMID:12502736

  2. The role of the non-magnetic material in spin pumping and magnetization dynamics in NiFe and CoFeB multilayer systems

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ruiz-Calaforra, A., E-mail: ruiz@physik.uni-kl.de; Brächer, T.; Lauer, V.

    2015-04-28

    We present a study of the effective magnetization M{sub eff} and the effective damping parameter α{sub eff} by means of ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy on the ferromagnetic (FM) materials Ni{sub 81}Fe{sub 19} (NiFe) and Co{sub 40}Fe{sub 40}B{sub 20} (CoFeB) in FM/Pt, FM/NM, and FM/NM/Pt systems with the non-magnetic (NM) materials Ru, Cr, Al, and MgO. Moreover, for NiFe layer systems, the influence of interface effects is studied by way of thickness dependent measurements of M{sub eff} and α{sub eff}. Additionally, spin pumping in NiFe/NM/Pt is investigated by means of inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) measurements. We observe a large dependence ofmore » M{sub eff} and α{sub eff} of the NiFe films on the adjacent NM layer. While Cr and Al do not induce a large change in the magnetic properties, Ru, Pt, and MgO affect M{sub eff} and α{sub eff} in different degrees. In particular, NiFe/Ru and NiFe/Ru/Pt systems show a large perpendicular surface anisotropy and a significant enhancement of the damping. In contrast, the magnetic properties of CoFeB films do not have a large influence of the NM adjacent material and only CoFeB/Pt systems present an enhancement of α{sub eff}. However, this enhancement is much more pronounced in NiFe/Pt. By the introduction of the NM spacer material, this enhancement is reduced. Furthermore, a difference in symmetry between NiFe/NM/Pt and NiFe/NM systems in the output voltage signal from the ISHE measurements reveals the presence of spin pumping into the Pt layer in all-metallic NiFe/NM/Pt and NiFe/Pt systems.« less

  3. 31 CFR 560.603 - Reports on oil transactions engaged in by foreign affiliates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... transaction means any purchase, sale, or swap of Iranian-origin crude oil or natural gas. For purposes of this paragraph (b), a purchase, sale, or swap is deemed to have occurred as of the date of the bill of lading... each reportable transaction): (i) The nature of the transaction, e.g., purchase, sale, swap; (ii) A...

  4. 77 FR 39626 - Further Definition of “Swap Dealer,” “Security-Based Swap Dealer,” “Major Swap Participant...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-05

    ... chapter. * * * * * 0 3. On page 30747, in the third column, correct paragraph (hhh)(6)(iii)(B)(2) to read as follows: Sec. 1.3 Definitions. * * * * * (hhh) * * * (6) * * * (iii) * * * (B) * * * (2) The sum of the amount calculated under paragraph (hhh)(6)(iii)(B)(1) of this section and the product of the...

  5. 17 CFR 16.01 - Publication of market data on futures, swaps and options thereon: trading volume, open contracts...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Publication of market data on... MARKETS AND SWAP EXECUTION FACILITIES § 16.01 Publication of market data on futures, swaps and options.... (1) Each reporting market, as defined in part 15 of this chapter, must separately record for each...

  6. 17 CFR 16.01 - Publication of market data on futures, swaps and options thereon: trading volume, open contracts...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Publication of market data on... MARKETS AND SWAP EXECUTION FACILITIES § 16.01 Publication of market data on futures, swaps and options.... (1) Each reporting market, as defined in part 15 of this chapter, must separately record for each...

  7. Dynamic Quantum Allocation and Swap-Time Variability in Time-Sharing Operating Systems.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bhat, U. Narayan; Nance, Richard E.

    The effects of dynamic quantum allocation and swap-time variability on central processing unit (CPU) behavior are investigated using a model that allows both quantum length and swap-time to be state-dependent random variables. Effective CPU utilization is defined to be the proportion of a CPU busy period that is devoted to program processing, i.e.…

  8. Book Swap Now Open to All Employees | Poster

    Cancer.gov

    Not only did the year 2000 mark the start of a new millennium, the beginning of the Human Genome Project, and the opening of the International Space Station, but it was also the first year that the Scientific Library held its annual Book & Media Swap. Starting Nov. 12, the 15th annual Book Swap is open to all NCI at Frederick employees.

  9. 17 CFR 45.11 - Data reporting for swaps in a swap asset class not accepted by any swap data repository.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... format acceptable to the Commission. (c) Delegation of authority to the Chief Information Officer: The Commission hereby delegates to its Chief Information Officer, until the Commission orders otherwise, the authority set forth in paragraph (c) of this section, to be exercised by the Chief Information Officer or by...

  10. 76 FR 29817 - Further Definition of “Swap,” “Security-Based Swap,” and “Security-Based Swap Agreement”; Mixed...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-23

    ... present their views more generally on implementation of the Dodd-Frank Act through their Web sites... . The views expressed in the comments in response to the ANPR, in response to the Commissions' informal solicitations, and at such meetings are collectively referred to as the views of ``commenters.'' Based on this...

  11. 78 FR 20788 - Dual and Multiple Associations of Persons Associated With Swap Dealers, Major Swap Participants...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-08

    ... Commission registrants (i.e., FCMs, retail foreign exchange dealers (RFEDs), IBs, CTAs, CPOs, and LTMs), and... FCMs, IBs, CPOs and CTAs and their APs that engage in swaps activity that is subject to Commission...\\ Therefore, the requirements of the RFA do not apply to SDs and MSPs. With respect to CTAs and IBs, the...

  12. Interest rate swaps: financial tool of the '90s.

    PubMed

    Woodard, M A

    1993-11-01

    The implementation of prospective payment for capital costs makes it more necessary than ever for healthcare financial managers to be able to creatively balance capital costs with risk. A new financial management tool--the interest rate swap (a contractual agreement in which one party with a fixed interest rate payment liability and another party with a variable interest payment liability agree to trade those obligations)--is proving to be a solution for a growing number of hospital managers. This article describes the uses of interest rate swaps and discusses the variables to be considered when evaluating whether the benefits of an interest rate swap offset the additional risk.

  13. Are reproductive health NGOs in Uganda able to engage in the health SWAp?

    PubMed

    Mugisha, Frank; Birungi, Harriet; Askew, Ian

    2005-01-01

    This paper explores the ability for reproductive health (RH) non-governmental organizations (NGO) in Uganda to survive in the context of SWAp and decentralization. The authors argue that, contrary to the perceptions that this context may increase NGO's financial vulnerability, a SWAp and a decentralized system may provide an opportunity that should be embraced by NGOs to enhance their sustainability and effectiveness by reducing their current dependency on donor funding. The paper discusses the systemic weaknesses of many NGOs that currently make them vulnerable, and observes that unless these weaknesses are addressed, such NGOs will lose their space in the SWAp and decentralization arena. The authors suggest that NGOs need to recognize the opportunities that participating in public-private partnerships through a SWAp can offer them for long-term and significant funding. They need also to develop their capacity to pro-actively participate in a SWAp and decentralized context by becoming more entrepreneurial in nature, through re-orienting their organizational philosophies and strategic planning and budgeting so as to be able to partner effectively with the public sector in accessing funds made available through health sector reform.

  14. Simultaneous entanglement swapping of multiple orbital angular momentum states of light.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Yingwen; Agnew, Megan; Roger, Thomas; Roux, Filippus S; Konrad, Thomas; Faccio, Daniele; Leach, Jonathan; Forbes, Andrew

    2017-09-21

    High-bit-rate long-distance quantum communication is a proposed technology for future communication networks and relies on high-dimensional quantum entanglement as a core resource. While it is known that spatial modes of light provide an avenue for high-dimensional entanglement, the ability to transport such quantum states robustly over long distances remains challenging. To overcome this, entanglement swapping may be used to generate remote quantum correlations between particles that have not interacted; this is the core ingredient of a quantum repeater, akin to repeaters in optical fibre networks. Here we demonstrate entanglement swapping of multiple orbital angular momentum states of light. Our approach does not distinguish between different anti-symmetric states, and thus entanglement swapping occurs for several thousand pairs of spatial light modes simultaneously. This work represents the first step towards a quantum network for high-dimensional entangled states and provides a test bed for fundamental tests of quantum science.Entanglement swapping in high dimensions requires large numbers of entangled photons and consequently suffers from low photon flux. Here the authors demonstrate entanglement swapping of multiple spatial modes of light simultaneously, without the need for increasing the photon numbers with dimension.

  15. A Large Deviations Analysis of Certain Qualitative Properties of Parallel Tempering and Infinite Swapping Algorithms

    DOE PAGES

    Doll, J.; Dupuis, P.; Nyquist, P.

    2017-02-08

    Parallel tempering, or replica exchange, is a popular method for simulating complex systems. The idea is to run parallel simulations at different temperatures, and at a given swap rate exchange configurations between the parallel simulations. From the perspective of large deviations it is optimal to let the swap rate tend to infinity and it is possible to construct a corresponding simulation scheme, known as infinite swapping. In this paper we propose a novel use of large deviations for empirical measures for a more detailed analysis of the infinite swapping limit in the setting of continuous time jump Markov processes. Usingmore » the large deviations rate function and associated stochastic control problems we consider a diagnostic based on temperature assignments, which can be easily computed during a simulation. We show that the convergence of this diagnostic to its a priori known limit is a necessary condition for the convergence of infinite swapping. The rate function is also used to investigate the impact of asymmetries in the underlying potential landscape, and where in the state space poor sampling is most likely to occur.« less

  16. Comparison of Martian meteorites with earth composition: Study of effective atomic numbers in the energy range 1 keV-100 GeV

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ün, Adem, E-mail: ademun25@yahoo.com; Han, İbrahim, E-mail: ibrahimhan25@hotmail.com; Ün, Mümine, E-mail: mun@agri.edu.tr

    2016-04-18

    Effective atomic (Z{sub eff}) and electron numbers (N{sub eff}) for 24 Martian meteorites have been determined in the energy range from 1 keV to 100 GeV and also for sixteen significant energies of commonly used radioactive sources. The values of Z{sub eff} and N{sub eff} for all sample were obtained from the DirectZeff program. The obtained results for Martian meteorites have been compared with the results for Earth composition and similarities or differences also evaluated.

  17. LC/QTOF profile and preliminary stability studies of an enriched flavonoid fraction of Cecropia pachystachya Trécul leaves with potential antidepressant-like activity.

    PubMed

    Ortmann, Caroline Flach; Abelaira, Helena Mendes; Réus, Gislaine Zilli; Ignácio, Zuleide Maria; Chaves, Vitor Clasen; Dos Santos, Talitha Caldas; de Carvalho, Pâmela; Carlessi, Anelise Scussel; Bruchchen, Livia; Danielski, Lucineia G; Cardoso, Simone Gonçalves; de Campos, Angela Machado; Petronilho, Fabricia; Rebelo, Joyce; Dos Santos Morais, Meline Oliveira; Vuolo, Francieli; Dal-Pizzol, Felipe; Streck, Emilio Luiz; Quevedo, João; Reginatto, Flávio Henrique

    2017-11-01

    There is increasing interest in natural antioxidants that are candidates for the prevention of brain damage occurring in major depressive disorders. Cecropia pachystachya is a tropical tree species of Central and South America and a rich source of polyphenols, particularly flavonoids. The aim of this study was to characterize the flavonoid profile of an enriched flavonoid fraction of C. pachystachya (EFF-Cp) and evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of its acute administration in behavior, cytokine levels, oxidative stress and energy metabolism parameters. The EFF-Cp chemical characterization was performed by HPLC/DAD and LC/QTOF. The antidepressant-like effects were performed by the forced swimming test, splash test and open field test. EFF-Cp revealed 15 flavonoids, including seven new glycosyl flavonoids for C. pachystachya. Quantitatively, EFF-Cp showed isoorientin (43.46 mg/g), orientin (23.42 mg/g) and isovitexin (17.45 mg/g) as major C-glycosyl flavonoids. In addition, EFF-Cp at doses 50 and 100 mg/kg reduced the immobility time in the forced swimming test, without changing the locomotor activity and grooming time. In addition, EFF-Cp was able to prevent the oxidative damage in some brain areas. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that EFF-Cp exerts antidepressant-like effects with its antioxidant properties. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  18. Chromatic interocular-switch rivalry

    PubMed Central

    Christiansen, Jens H.; D'Antona, Anthony D.; Shevell, Steven K.

    2017-01-01

    Interocular-switch rivalry (also known as stimulus rivalry) is a kind of binocular rivalry in which two rivalrous images are swapped between the eyes several times a second. The result is stable periods of one image and then the other, with stable intervals that span many eye swaps (Logothetis, Leopold, & Sheinberg, 1996). Previous work used this close kin of binocular rivalry with rivalrous forms. Experiments here test whether chromatic interocular-switch rivalry, in which the swapped stimuli differ in only chromaticity, results in slow alternation between two colors. Swapping equiluminant rivalrous chromaticities at 3.75 Hz resulted in slow perceptual color alternation, with one or the other color often continuously visible for two seconds or longer (during which there were 15+ eye swaps). A well-known theory for sustained percepts from interocular-switch rivalry with form is inhibitory competition between binocular neurons driven by monocular neurons with matched orientation tuning in each eye; such binocular neurons would produce a stable response when a given orientation is swapped between the eyes. A similar model can account for the percepts here from chromatic interocular-switch rivalry and is underpinned by the neurophysiological finding that color-preferring binocular neurons are driven by monocular neurons from each eye with well-matched chromatic selectivity (Peirce, Solomon, Forte, & Lennie, 2008). In contrast to chromatic interocular-switch rivalry, luminance interocular-switch rivalry with swapped stimuli that differ in only luminance did not result in slowly alternating percepts of different brightnesses. PMID:28510624

  19. EFF HOT Topics. Volume 1, Number 1, Spring 2001

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Institute for Literacy, 2001

    2001-01-01

    HOT Topics is a new quarterly publication from the Equipped for the Future (EFF) National Center. HOT stands for Highlights On Teaching, and this publication is committed to providing teachers and tutors with tools and ideas for teaching using the EFF Framework and Standards. This first issue of HOT Topics focuses on strategies that use the EFF…

  20. Multivariate Complexity Analysis of Swap Bribery

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dorn, Britta; Schlotter, Ildikó

    We consider the computational complexity of a problem modeling bribery in the context of voting systems. In the scenario of Swap Bribery, each voter assigns a certain price for swapping the positions of two consecutive candidates in his preference ranking. The question is whether it is possible, without exceeding a given budget, to bribe the voters in a way that the preferred candidate wins in the election.

  1. 17 CFR 43.4 - Swap transaction and pricing data to be publicly disseminated in real-time.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... the nearest one million; (6) If the notional or principal amount is less than 500 million but equal to... greater than zero up to and including two years; (B) USD 100 million for swaps with a tenor greater than two years up to and including ten years; and (C) USD 75 million for swaps with a tenor greater than...

  2. Highly anisotropic exchange interactions of j eff = 1 2 iridium moments on the fcc lattice in La 2 B IrO 6   ( B = Mg , Zn )

    DOE PAGES

    Aczel, A. A.; Cook, A. M.; Williams, T. J.; ...

    2016-06-20

    Here we have performed inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments to investigate the magnetic excitations in the weakly distorted face-centered-cubic (fcc) iridate double perovskites Lamore » $$_2$$ZnIrO$$_6$$ and La$$_2$$MgIrO$$_6$$, which are characterized by A-type antiferromagnetic ground states. The powder inelastic neutron scattering data on these geometrically frustrated $$j_{\\rm eff}=1/2$$ Mott insulators provide clear evidence for gapped spin wave excitations with very weak dispersion. The INS results and thermodynamic data on these materials can be reproduced by conventional Heisenberg-Ising models with significant uniaxial Ising anisotropy and sizeable second-neighbor ferromagnetic interactions. Such a uniaxial Ising exchange interaction is symmetry-forbidden on the ideal fcc lattice, so that it can only arise from the weak crystal distortions away from the ideal fcc limit. This may suggest that even weak distortions in $$j_{\\rm eff}=1/2$$ Mott insulators might lead to strong exchange anisotropies. More tantalizingly, however, we find an alternative viable explanation of the INS results in terms of spin models with a dominant Kitaev interaction. In contrast to the uniaxial Ising exchange, the highly-directional Kitaev interaction is a type of exchange anisotropy which is symmetry-allowed even on the ideal fcc lattice. The Kitaev model has a magnon gap induced by quantum order-by-disorder, while weak anisotropies of the Kitaev couplings generated by the symmetry-lowering due to lattice distortions can pin the order and enhance the magnon gap. In conclusion, our findings highlight how even conventional magnetic orders in heavy transition metal oxides may be driven by highly-directional exchange interactions rooted in strong spin-orbit coupling.« less

  3. Dilution-triggered SMM behavior under zero field in a luminescent Zn2Dy2 tetranuclear complex incorporating carbonato-bridging ligands derived from atmospheric CO2 fixation.

    PubMed

    Titos-Padilla, Silvia; Ruiz, José; Herrera, Juan Manuel; Brechin, Euan K; Wersndorfer, Wolfgang; Lloret, Francesc; Colacio, Enrique

    2013-08-19

    The synthesis, structure, magnetic, and luminescence properties of the Zn2Dy2 tetranuclear complex of formula {(μ3-CO3)2[Zn(μ-L)Dy(NO3)]2}·4CH3OH (1), where H2L is the compartmental ligand N,N',N″-trimethyl-N,N″-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzyl)diethylenetriamine, are reported. The carbonate anions that bridge two Zn(μ-L)Dy units come from the atmospheric CO2 fixation in a basic medium. Fast quantum tunneling relaxation of the magnetization (QTM) is very effective in this compound, so that single-molecule magnet (SMM) behavior is only observed in the presence of an applied dc field of 1000 Oe, which is able to partly suppress the QTM relaxation process. At variance, a 1:10 Dy:Y magnetic diluted sample, namely, 1', exhibits SMM behavior at zero applied direct-current (dc) field with about 3 times higher thermal energy barrier than that in 1 (U(eff) = 68 K), thus demonstrating the important role of intermolecular dipolar interactions in favoring the fast QTM relaxation process. When a dc field of 1000 Oe is applied to 1', the QTM is almost fully suppressed, the reversal of the magnetization slightly slows, and U(eff) increases to 78 K. The dilution results combined with micro-SQUID magnetization measurements clearly indicate that the SMM behavior comes from single-ion relaxation of the Dy(3+) ions. Analysis of the relaxation data points out that a Raman relaxation process could significantly affect the Orbach relaxation process, reducing the thermal energy barrier U(eff) for slow relaxation of the magnetization.

  4. A Facile Two-Step Method to Implement N√ {iSWAP} and N√ {SWAP} Gates in a Circuit QED

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Said, T.; Chouikh, A.; Bennai, M.

    2018-05-01

    We propose a way for implementing a two-step N√ {iSWAP} and N √ {SWAP} gates based on the qubit-qubit interaction with N superconducting qubits, by coupling them to a resonator driven by a strong microwave field. The operation times do not increase with the growth of the qubit number. Due to the virtual excitations of the resonator, the scheme is insensitive to the decay of the resonator. Numerical analysis shows that the scheme can be implemented with high fidelity. Moreover, we propose a detailed procedure and analyze the experimental feasibility. So, our proposal can be experimentally realized in the range of current circuit QED techniques.

  5. Spin-Swapping Transport and Torques in Ultrathin Magnetic Bilayers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Saidaoui, Hamed Ben Mohamed; Manchon, A.

    2016-07-01

    Planar spin transport in disordered ultrathin magnetic bilayers comprising a ferromagnet and a normal metal (typically used for spin pumping, spin Seebeck and spin-orbit torque experiments) is investigated theoretically. Using a tight-binding model that puts the extrinsic spin Hall effect and spin swapping on equal footing, we show that the nature of spin-orbit coupled transport dramatically depends on the ratio between the layer thickness d and the mean free path λ . While the spin Hall effect dominates in the diffusive limit (d ≫λ ), spin swapping dominates in the Knudsen regime (d ≲λ ). A remarkable consequence is that spin swapping induces a substantial fieldlike torque in the Knudsen regime.

  6. International Ultraviolet Explorer observations of the white dwarf nucleus of the very old, diffuse planetary nebula, IW-2

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bruhweiler, F. C.; Feibelman, Walter A.

    1993-01-01

    UV low-dispersion spectra of the central star of the faint planetary nebula, IW-2, were obtained with the IUE. The apparent large diameter of the very diffuse nebula, about half that of the moon, as seen on the Palomar Sky Survey plates by Ishida and Weinberger (1987), indicates this object to be potentially quite evolved, and nearby. The IUE spectra clearly reveal a hot stellar continuum extending over the entire wavelength range of the short-wavelength prime camera (1200-2000 A). This object with V = 17.7 +/- 0.4 is definitely one of the faintest stars ever successfully observed with the IUE. Comparisons of the IUE observed fluxes with those from white dwarf model atmospheres suggest extinction near E(B - V) = 0.45 for a white dwarf of T(eff) roughly 100,000 K. Constraints from estimates of the nebular emission measure and observed visual magnitude also argue for a white dwarf of T(eff) roughly 100,000 K at a distance of 300 to 350 pc. The nucleus of IW-2 is one of the most evolved stars to be identified with a planetary nebula.

  7. Early Flight Fission Test Facilities (EFF-TF) To Support Near-Term Space Fission Systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    van Dyke, Melissa

    2004-02-01

    Through hardware based design and testing, the EFF-TF investigates fission power and propulsion component, subsystems, and integrated system design and performance. Through demonstration of systems concepts (designed by Sandia and Los Alamos National Laboratories) in relevant environments, previous non-nuclear tests in the EFF-TF have proven to be a highly effective method (from both cost and performance standpoint) to identify and resolve integration issues. Ongoing research at the EFF-TF is geared towards facilitating research, development, system integration, and system utilization via cooperative efforts with DOE labs, industry, universities, and other NASA centers. This paper describes the current efforts for 2003.

  8. Demasculinization of male fish by wastewater treatment plant effluent

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Vajda, A.M.; Barber, L.B.; Gray, J.L.; Lopez, E.M.; Bolden, A.M.; Schoenfuss, H.L.; Norris, D.O.

    2011-01-01

    Adult male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to effluent from the City of Boulder, Colorado wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) under controlled conditions in the field to determine if the effluent induced reproductive disruption in fish. Gonadal intersex and other evidence of reproductive disruption were previously identified in white suckers (Catostomus commersoni) in Boulder Creek downstream from this WWTP effluent outfall. Fish were exposed within a mobile flow-through exposure laboratory in July 2005 and August 2006 to WWTP effluent (EFF), Boulder Creek water (REF), or mixtures of EFF and REF for up to 28 days. Primary (sperm abundance) and secondary (nuptial tubercles and dorsal fat pads) sex characteristics were demasculinized within 14 days of exposure to 50% and 100% EFF. Vitellogenin was maximally elevated in both 50% and 100% EFF treatments within 7 days and significantly elevated by 25% EFF within 14 days. The steroidal estrogens 17??-estradiol, estrone, estriol, and 17??-ethynylestradiol, as well as estrogenic alkylphenols and bisphenol A were identified within the EFF treatments and not in the REF treatment. These results support the hypothesis that the reproductive disruption observed in this watershed is due to endocrine-active chemicals in the WWTP effluent. ?? 2011 Elsevier B.V.

  9. Further Exploration of Post-Flare Giant Arches

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    West, Matthew; Seaton, Daniel B.; Dennis, Brian R.; feng, Li

    2017-08-01

    Recent observations from the SWAP EUV imager on-board PROBA2 and SXI X-ray observations from the GOES satellite have shown that post-flare giant arches and regular post-flare loops are one and the same thing. However, it is still not clear how certain loop systems are able to sustain prolonged growth to heights of approximately 400000 km (>0.5 solar-radii). In this presentation we further explore the energy deposition rate above post-flare loop systems through high-energy RHESSI observations. We also explore the difference between the loop systems through a multi-wavelength epoch analysis.

  10. Two-Hierarchy Entanglement Swapping for a Linear Optical Quantum Repeater

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xu, Ping; Yong, Hai-Lin; Chen, Luo-Kan; Liu, Chang; Xiang, Tong; Yao, Xing-Can; Lu, He; Li, Zheng-Da; Liu, Nai-Le; Li, Li; Yang, Tao; Peng, Cheng-Zhi; Zhao, Bo; Chen, Yu-Ao; Pan, Jian-Wei

    2017-10-01

    Quantum repeaters play a significant role in achieving long-distance quantum communication. In the past decades, tremendous effort has been devoted towards constructing a quantum repeater. As one of the crucial elements, entanglement has been created in different memory systems via entanglement swapping. The realization of j -hierarchy entanglement swapping, i.e., connecting quantum memory and further extending the communication distance, is important for implementing a practical quantum repeater. Here, we report the first demonstration of a fault-tolerant two-hierarchy entanglement swapping with linear optics using parametric down-conversion sources. In the experiment, the dominant or most probable noise terms in the one-hierarchy entanglement swapping, which is on the same order of magnitude as the desired state and prevents further entanglement connections, are automatically washed out by a proper design of the detection setting, and the communication distance can be extended. Given suitable quantum memory, our techniques can be directly applied to implementing an atomic ensemble based quantum repeater, and are of significant importance in the scalable quantum information processing.

  11. Two-Hierarchy Entanglement Swapping for a Linear Optical Quantum Repeater.

    PubMed

    Xu, Ping; Yong, Hai-Lin; Chen, Luo-Kan; Liu, Chang; Xiang, Tong; Yao, Xing-Can; Lu, He; Li, Zheng-Da; Liu, Nai-Le; Li, Li; Yang, Tao; Peng, Cheng-Zhi; Zhao, Bo; Chen, Yu-Ao; Pan, Jian-Wei

    2017-10-27

    Quantum repeaters play a significant role in achieving long-distance quantum communication. In the past decades, tremendous effort has been devoted towards constructing a quantum repeater. As one of the crucial elements, entanglement has been created in different memory systems via entanglement swapping. The realization of j-hierarchy entanglement swapping, i.e., connecting quantum memory and further extending the communication distance, is important for implementing a practical quantum repeater. Here, we report the first demonstration of a fault-tolerant two-hierarchy entanglement swapping with linear optics using parametric down-conversion sources. In the experiment, the dominant or most probable noise terms in the one-hierarchy entanglement swapping, which is on the same order of magnitude as the desired state and prevents further entanglement connections, are automatically washed out by a proper design of the detection setting, and the communication distance can be extended. Given suitable quantum memory, our techniques can be directly applied to implementing an atomic ensemble based quantum repeater, and are of significant importance in the scalable quantum information processing.

  12. More than 3,200 Books and DVDs Donated to Annual Book Swap | Poster

    Cancer.gov

    Robin Meckley, Contributing Writer The Scientific Library’s 14th Annual Book and Media Swap, held on April 16 in the lobby of Building 549, proved to be a popular event. When the swap was rescheduled from fall 2013 to spring 2014, the library staff was uncertain if the response would be equal to previous years, said Sue Wilson, principal manager of the Scientific Library. NCI

  13. CMOS-APS Detectors for Solar Physics: Lessons Learned during the SWAP Preflight Calibration

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    de Groof, A.; Berghmans, D.; Nicula, B.; Halain, J.-P.; Defise, J.-M.; Thibert, T.; Schühle, U.

    2008-05-01

    CMOS-APS imaging detectors open new opportunities for remote sensing in solar physics beyond what classical CCDs can provide, offering far less power consumption, simpler electronics, better radiation hardness, and the possibility of avoiding a mechanical shutter. The SWAP telescope onboard the PROBA2 technology demonstration satellite of the European Space Agency will be the first actual implementation of a CMOS-APS detector for solar physics in orbit. One of the goals of the SWAP project is precisely to acquire experience with the CMOS-APS technology in a real-live space science context. Such a precursor mission is essential in the preparation of missions such as Solar Orbiter where the extra CMOS-APS functionalities will be hard requirements. The current paper concentrates on specific CMOS-APS issues that were identified during the SWAP preflight calibration measurements. We will discuss the different readout possibilities that the CMOS-APS detector of SWAP provides and their associated pros and cons. In particular we describe the “image lag” effect, which results in a contamination of each image with a remnant of the previous image. We have characterised this effect for the specific SWAP implementation and we conclude with a strategy on how to successfully circumvent the problem and actually take benefit of it for solar monitoring.

  14. Volcanic Signatures in Estimates of Stratospheric Aerosol Size, Distribution Width, Surface Area, and Volume Deduced from Global Satellite-Based Observations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bauman, J. J.; Russell, P. B.

    2000-01-01

    Volcanic signatures in the stratospheric aerosol layer are revealed by two independent techniques which retrieve aerosol information from global satellite-based observations of particulate extinction. Both techniques combine the 4-wavelength Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II extinction measurements (0.385 <= lambda <= 1.02 microns) with the 7.96 micron and 12.82 micron extinction measurements from the Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) instrument. The algorithms use the SAGE II/CLAES composite extinction spectra in month-latitude-altitude bins to retrieve values and uncertainties of particle effective radius R(sub eff), surface area S, volume V and size distribution width sigma(sub R). The first technique is a multi-wavelength Look-Up-Table (LUT) algorithm which retrieves values and uncertainties of R(sub eff) by comparing ratios of extinctions from SAGE II and CLAES (e.g., E(sub lambda)/E(sub 1.02) to pre-computed extinction ratios which are based on a range of unimodal lognormal size distributions. The pre-computed ratios are presented as a function of R(sub eff) for a given sigma(sub g); thus the comparisons establish the range of R(sub eff) consistent with the measured spectra for that sigma(sub g). The fact that no solutions are found for certain sigma(sub g) values provides information on the acceptable range of sigma(sub g), which is found to evolve in response to volcanic injections and removal periods. Analogous comparisons using absolute extinction spectra and error bars establish the range of S and V. The second technique is a Parameter Search Technique (PST) which estimates R(sub eff) and sigma(sub g) within a month-latitude-altitude bin by minimizing the chi-squared values obtained by comparing the SAGE II/CLAES extinction spectra and error bars with spectra calculated by varying the lognormal fitting parameters: R(sub eff), sigma(sub g), and the total number of particles N(sub 0). For both techniques, possible biases in retrieved-parameters caused by assuming a unimodal functional form are removed using correction factors computed from representative in situ measurements of bimodal size distributions. Some interesting features revealed by the LUT and PST retrievals include: (1) Increases in S and V (but not R(sub eff)) after the Ruiz and Kelut injections, (2) Increases in S, V, R(sub eff) after Pinatubo, (3) Post-Pinatubo increases in S, V, and R(sub eff) that are more rapid in the tropics than elsewhere, (4) Mid-latitude post-Pinatubo increases in R(sub eff) that lag increases in S and V, (5) S and V returning to pre-Pinatubo values sooner than R(sub eff) does, (6) Sharp increases in sigma(sub g), after Pinatubo and slight increases in sigma(sub g) after Ruiz, Etna, Kelut, Spurr and Rabaul, and (7) Gradual declines in the heights at which R(sub eff), S and V peak after Pinatubo.

  15. Impact of the Swap It, Don't Stop It Australian National Mass Media Campaign on Promoting Small Changes to Lifestyle Behaviors.

    PubMed

    O'Hara, Blythe J; Grunseit, Anne; Phongsavan, Philayrath; Bellew, William; Briggs, Megan; Bauman, Adrian E

    2016-12-01

    Mass media campaigns aimed at influencing lifestyle risk factors are one way that governments are attempting to address chronic disease risk. In Australia, a national campaign aimed at encouraging Australians to make changes in lifestyle-related behaviors was implemented from 2008 to 2011. The first phase, Measure Up (2008-2009), focused on why lifestyle changes are needed by increasing awareness of the link between waist circumference and chronic disease risk. The second phase, Swap It, Don't Stop It (2011), emphasized how adults can change their behaviors. Cross-sectional telephone surveys (after the campaign) were undertaken in July and November 2011 to evaluate the Swap It, Don't Stop It campaign and included measures of campaign awareness and lifestyle-related behavior change. Survey participants (N = 5,097) were similar across the two survey periods. Prompted campaign awareness was 62% (16% for unprompted awareness); females, younger respondents (18-44 years), those in paid employment, and those who spoke English at home were more likely to report prompted/unprompted campaign awareness. Moreover, 16% of survey respondents reported any swapping behavior in the previous 6 months, with the majority (14%) reporting only one swap; younger respondents and those in paid employment were significantly more likely to report having implemented a swapping behavior. The campaign achieved modest population awareness but demonstrated limited effect in terms of nudging behaviors. This evaluation indicates that encouraging swapping behaviors as a prelude to lifestyle change may not result from a mass media campaign alone; a comprehensive multicomponent population approach may be required.

  16. 'Change4Life Smart Swaps': quasi-experimental evaluation of a natural experiment.

    PubMed

    Wrieden, Wendy L; Levy, Louis B

    2016-09-01

    To evaluate the impact on food purchasing behaviour of the 'Change4Life Smart Swaps' campaign to encourage families to make small changes to lower-fat or lower-sugar versions of commonly eaten foods and drinks. Quasi-experimental study comparing the proportion of swaps made by an intervention group (267 families who had signed up to the 'Smart Swaps' campaign promoted through various media, including television and radio advertising in early 2014) and a comparison group (135 families resident in Wales, signed up for 'Change4Life' materials, but not directly exposed to the 'Smart Swaps' campaign). During weeks 1, 2 and 3 of the campaign participants were asked to record their purchases of dairy products, carbonated drinks and breakfast cereals, using a mobile phone app questionnaire, when making a purchase within the category. England and Wales. Families registered with 'Change4Life'. In weeks 2 and 3 a significantly higher percentage of the intervention group had made 'smart swaps' than the comparison group. After week 3, 58 % of participants had swapped to a lower-fat dairy product compared with 26 % of the comparison group (P<0·001), 32 % of the intervention group had purchased a lower-sugar drink compared with 19 % of the comparison group (P=0·01), and 24 % had made a change to a lower-sugar cereal compared with 12 % of the comparison group (P=0·009). In the short term a national campaign to change purchase habits towards healthier products may have some merit but the sustainability of change requires further investigation.

  17. The use of interest rate swaps by nonprofit organizations: evidence from nonprofit health care providers.

    PubMed

    Stewart, Louis J; Trussel, John

    2006-01-01

    Although the use of derivatives, particularly interest rate swaps, has grown explosively over the past decade, derivative financial instrument use by nonprofits has received only limited attention in the research literature. Because little is known about the risk management activities of nonprofits, the impact of these instruments on the ability of nonprofits to raise capital may have significant public policy implications. The primary motivation of this study is to determine the types of derivatives used by nonprofits and estimate the frequency of their use among these organizations. Our study also extends contemporary finance theory by an empirical examination of the motivation for interest rate swap usage among nonprofits. Our empirical data came from 193 large nonprofit health care providers that issued debt to the public between 2000 and 2003. We used a univariate analysis and a multivariate analysis relying on logistic regression models to test alternative explanations of interest rate swaps usage by nonprofits, finding that more than 45 percent of our sample, 88 organizations, used interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional value in excess of $8.3 billion. Our empirical tests indicate the primary motive for nonprofits to use interest rate derivatives is to hedge their exposure to interest rate risk. Although these derivatives are a useful risk management tool, under conditions of falling bond market interest rates these derivatives may also expose a nonprofit swap user to the risk of a material unscheduled termination payment. Finally, we found considerable diversity in the informativeness of footnote disclosure among sample organizations that used interest rate swaps. Many nonprofits did not disclose these risks in their financial statements. In conclusion, we find financial managers in large nonprofits commonly use derivative financial instruments as risk management tools, but the use of interest rate swaps by nonprofits may expose them to other risks that are not adequately disclosed in their financial statements.

  18. A Combination of Extreme Environmental Conditions Favor the Prevalence of Endospore-Forming Firmicutes

    PubMed Central

    Filippidou, Sevasti; Wunderlin, Tina; Junier, Thomas; Jeanneret, Nicole; Dorador, Cristina; Molina, Veronica; Johnson, David R.; Junier, Pilar

    2016-01-01

    Environmental conditions unsuitable for microbial growth are the rule rather than the exception in most habitats. In response to this, microorganisms have developed various strategies to withstand environmental conditions that limit active growth. Endospore-forming Firmicutes (EFF) deploy a myriad of survival strategies in order to resist adverse conditions. Like many bacterial groups, they can form biofilms and detect nutrient scarcity through chemotaxis. Moreover, within this paraphyletic group of Firmicutes, ecophysiological optima are diverse. Nonetheless, a response to adversity that delimits this group is the formation of wet-heat resistant spores. These strategies are energetically demanding and therefore might affect the biological success of EFF. Therefore, we hypothesize that abundance and diversity of EFF should be maximized in those environments in which the benefits of these survival strategies offsets the energetic cost. In order to address this hypothesis, geothermal and mineral springs and drillings were selected because in these environments of steep physicochemical gradients, diversified survival strategies may become a successful strategy.We collected 71 samples from geothermal and mineral environments characterized by none (null), single or multiple limiting environmental factors (temperature, pH, UV radiation, and specific mineral composition). To measure success, we quantified EFF gene copy numbers (GCN; spo0A gene) in relation to total bacterial GCN (16S rRNA gene), as well as the contribution of EFF to community composition. The quantification showed that relative GCN for EFF reached up to 20% at sites characterized by multiple limiting environmental factors, whereas it corresponded to less than 1% at sites with one or no limiting environmental factor. Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene supports a higher contribution of EFF at sites with multiple limiting factors. Community composition suggested a combination of phylotypes for which active growth could be expected, and phylotypes that are most likely in the state of endospores, in all the sites. In summary, our results suggest that diversified survival strategies, including sporulation and metabolic adaptations, explain the biological success of EFF in geothermal and natural springs, and that multiple extreme environmental factors favor the prevalence of EFF. PMID:27857706

  19. A Combination of Extreme Environmental Conditions Favor the Prevalence of Endospore-Forming Firmicutes.

    PubMed

    Filippidou, Sevasti; Wunderlin, Tina; Junier, Thomas; Jeanneret, Nicole; Dorador, Cristina; Molina, Veronica; Johnson, David R; Junier, Pilar

    2016-01-01

    Environmental conditions unsuitable for microbial growth are the rule rather than the exception in most habitats. In response to this, microorganisms have developed various strategies to withstand environmental conditions that limit active growth. Endospore-forming Firmicutes (EFF) deploy a myriad of survival strategies in order to resist adverse conditions. Like many bacterial groups, they can form biofilms and detect nutrient scarcity through chemotaxis. Moreover, within this paraphyletic group of Firmicutes, ecophysiological optima are diverse. Nonetheless, a response to adversity that delimits this group is the formation of wet-heat resistant spores. These strategies are energetically demanding and therefore might affect the biological success of EFF. Therefore, we hypothesize that abundance and diversity of EFF should be maximized in those environments in which the benefits of these survival strategies offsets the energetic cost. In order to address this hypothesis, geothermal and mineral springs and drillings were selected because in these environments of steep physicochemical gradients, diversified survival strategies may become a successful strategy.We collected 71 samples from geothermal and mineral environments characterized by none (null), single or multiple limiting environmental factors (temperature, pH, UV radiation, and specific mineral composition). To measure success, we quantified EFF gene copy numbers (GCN; spo0A gene) in relation to total bacterial GCN (16S rRNA gene), as well as the contribution of EFF to community composition. The quantification showed that relative GCN for EFF reached up to 20% at sites characterized by multiple limiting environmental factors, whereas it corresponded to less than 1% at sites with one or no limiting environmental factor. Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene supports a higher contribution of EFF at sites with multiple limiting factors. Community composition suggested a combination of phylotypes for which active growth could be expected, and phylotypes that are most likely in the state of endospores, in all the sites. In summary, our results suggest that diversified survival strategies, including sporulation and metabolic adaptations, explain the biological success of EFF in geothermal and natural springs, and that multiple extreme environmental factors favor the prevalence of EFF.

  20. 78 FR 33605 - Process for a Designated Contract Market or Swap Execution Facility To Make a Swap Available to...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-04

    ... 37.10(c) and 38.12(c)--Applicability D. Sections 37.10(d) and 38.12(d)--Removal E. Annual Review F... 17 CFR 40.5(e), 40.6(c)(3). Upon the Commission approving a SEF's or DCM's available-to-trade... adequate pricing data'' of a subject swap. \\18\\ WMBAA Comment Letter at 2; MarketAxess Comment Letter at 9...

  1. Scientific Library’s Book and Media Swap Coming April 16 | Poster

    Cancer.gov

    By Robin Meckley, Contributing Writer The 14th annual Book and Media Swap will be held on Wednesday, April 16, from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m., in the lobby of the Conference Center in Building 549. The staff is holding the swap to coincide with National Library Week, an annual celebration of libraries that occurs in April. As of April 10, the library had collected nearly 2,000 books,

  2. Membrane triangles with corner drilling freedoms. III - Implementation and performance evaluation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Felippa, Carlos A.; Alexander, Scott

    1992-01-01

    This paper completes a three-part series on the formulation of 3-node, 9-dof membrane triangles with corner drilling freedoms based on parametrized variational principles. The first four sections cover element implementation details including determination of optimal parameters and treatment of distributed loads. Then three elements of this type, labeled ALL, FF and EFF-ANDES, are tested on standard plane stress problems. ALL represents numerically integrated versions of Allman's 1988 triangle; FF is based on the free formulation triangle presented by Bergan and Felippa in 1985; and EFF-ANDES represent two different formulations of the optimal triangle derived in Parts I and II. The numerical studies indicate that the ALL, FF and EFF-ANDES elements are comparable in accuracy for elements of unitary aspect ratios. The ALL elements are found to stiffen rapidly in inplane bending for high aspect ratios, whereas the FF and EFF elements maintain accuracy. The EFF and ANDES implementations have a moderate edge in formation speed over the FF.

  3. Sensitivity-Uncertainty Techniques for Nuclear Criticality Safety

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Brown, Forrest B.; Rising, Michael Evan; Alwin, Jennifer Louise

    2017-08-07

    The sensitivity and uncertainty analysis course will introduce students to k eff sensitivity data, cross-section uncertainty data, how k eff sensitivity data and k eff uncertainty data are generated and how they can be used. Discussion will include how sensitivity/uncertainty data can be used to select applicable critical experiments, to quantify a defensible margin to cover validation gaps and weaknesses, and in development of upper subcritical limits.

  4. Direct experimental observation of the molecular J eff = 3/2 ground state in the lacunar spinel GaTa4Se8.

    PubMed

    Jeong, Min Yong; Chang, Seo Hyoung; Kim, Beom Hyun; Sim, Jae-Hoon; Said, Ayman; Casa, Diego; Gog, Thomas; Janod, Etienne; Cario, Laurent; Yunoki, Seiji; Han, Myung Joon; Kim, Jungho

    2017-10-04

    Strong spin-orbit coupling lifts the degeneracy of t 2g orbitals in 5d transition-metal systems, leaving a Kramers doublet and quartet with effective angular momentum of J eff  = 1/2 and 3/2, respectively. These spin-orbit entangled states can host exotic quantum phases such as topological Mott state, unconventional superconductivity, and quantum spin liquid. The lacunar spinel GaTa 4 Se 8 was theoretically predicted to form the molecular J eff  = 3/2 ground state. Experimental verification of its existence is an important first step to exploring the consequences of the J eff  = 3/2 state. Here, we report direct experimental evidence of the J eff  = 3/2 state in GaTa 4 Se 8 by means of excitation spectra of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering at the Ta L 3 and L 2 edges. We find that the excitations involving the J eff  = 1/2 molecular orbital are absent only at the Ta L 2 edge, manifesting the realization of the molecular J eff  = 3/2 ground state in GaTa 4 Se 8 .The strong interaction between electron spin and orbital degrees of freedom in 5d oxides can lead to exotic electronic ground states. Here the authors use resonant inelastic X-ray scattering to demonstrate that the theoretically proposed J eff  = 3/2 state is realised in GaTa 4 Se 8 .

  5. Water ice cloud property retrievals at Mars with OMEGA:Spatial distribution and column mass

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Olsen, Kevin S.; Madeleine, Jean-Baptiste; Szantai, Andre; Audouard, Joachim; Geminale, Anna; Altieri, Francesca; Bellucci, Giancarlo; Montabone, Luca; Wolff, Michael J.; Forget, Francois

    2017-04-01

    Spectral images of Mars recorded by OMEGA (Observatoire pour la Minéralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activité) on Mars Express can be used to deduce the mean effective radius (r_eff) and optical depth (τ_i) of water ice particles in clouds. Using new data sets for a priori surface temperature, vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature, dust opacity, and multi-spectral surface albedo, we have analyzed over 40 OMEGA image cubes over the Tharsis, Arabia, and Syrtis Major quadrangles, and mapped the spatial distribution of r_eff, τ_i, and water ice column mass. We also explored the parameter space of r_eff and τ_i, which are inversely proportional, and the ice cloud index (ICI), which is the ratio of the reflectance at 3.4 and 3.52 μm, and indicates the thickness of water ice clouds. We found that the ICI, trivial to calculate for OMEGA image cubes, can be a proxy for column mass, which is very expensive to compute, requiring accurate retrievals of surface albedo, r_eff, and τ_i. Observing the spatial distribution, we find that within each cloud system, r_eff varies about a mean of 2.1 μm, that τi is closely related to r_eff, and that the values allowed for τ_i, given r_eff, are related to the ICI. We also observe areas where our retrieval detects very thin clouds made of very large particles (mean of 12.5 μm), which are still under investigation.

  6. Neural Architecture for Feature Binding in Visual Working Memory.

    PubMed

    Schneegans, Sebastian; Bays, Paul M

    2017-04-05

    Binding refers to the operation that groups different features together into objects. We propose a neural architecture for feature binding in visual working memory that employs populations of neurons with conjunction responses. We tested this model using cued recall tasks, in which subjects had to memorize object arrays composed of simple visual features (color, orientation, and location). After a brief delay, one feature of one item was given as a cue, and the observer had to report, on a continuous scale, one or two other features of the cued item. Binding failure in this task is associated with swap errors, in which observers report an item other than the one indicated by the cue. We observed that the probability of swapping two items strongly correlated with the items' similarity in the cue feature dimension, and found a strong correlation between swap errors occurring in spatial and nonspatial report. The neural model explains both swap errors and response variability as results of decoding noisy neural activity, and can account for the behavioral results in quantitative detail. We then used the model to compare alternative mechanisms for binding nonspatial features. We found the behavioral results fully consistent with a model in which nonspatial features are bound exclusively via their shared location, with no indication of direct binding between color and orientation. These results provide evidence for a special role of location in feature binding, and the model explains how this special role could be realized in the neural system. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The problem of feature binding is of central importance in understanding the mechanisms of working memory. How do we remember not only that we saw a red and a round object, but that these features belong together to a single object rather than to different objects in our environment? Here we present evidence for a neural mechanism for feature binding in working memory, based on encoding of visual information by neurons that respond to the conjunction of features. We find clear evidence that nonspatial features are bound via space: we memorize directly where a color or an orientation appeared, but we memorize which color belonged with which orientation only indirectly by virtue of their shared location. Copyright © 2017 Schneegans and Bays.

  7. Segment swapping aided the evolution of enzyme function: The case of uroporphyrinogen III synthase.

    PubMed

    Szilágyi, András; Györffy, Dániel; Závodszky, Péter

    2017-01-01

    In an earlier study, we showed that two-domain segment-swapped proteins can evolve by domain swapping and fusion, resulting in a protein with two linkers connecting its domains. We proposed that a potential evolutionary advantage of this topology may be the restriction of interdomain motions, which may facilitate domain closure by a hinge-like movement, crucial for the function of many enzymes. Here, we test this hypothesis computationally on uroporphyrinogen III synthase, a two-domain segment-swapped enzyme essential in porphyrin metabolism. To compare the interdomain flexibility between the wild-type, segment-swapped enzyme (having two interdomain linkers) and circular permutants of the same enzyme having only one interdomain linker, we performed geometric and molecular dynamics simulations for these species in their ligand-free and ligand-bound forms. We find that in the ligand-free form, interdomain motions in the wild-type enzyme are significantly more restricted than they would be with only one interdomain linker, while the flexibility difference is negligible in the ligand-bound form. We also estimated the entropy costs of ligand binding associated with the interdomain motions, and find that the change in domain connectivity due to segment swapping results in a reduction of this entropy cost, corresponding to ∼20% of the total ligand binding free energy. In addition, the restriction of interdomain motions may also help the functional domain-closure motion required for catalysis. This suggests that the evolution of the segment-swapped topology facilitated the evolution of enzyme function for this protein by influencing its dynamic properties. Proteins 2016; 85:46-53. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  8. Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations as an Aid in the Prediction of Domain Swapping of Computationally Designed Protein Variants.

    PubMed

    Mou, Yun; Huang, Po-Ssu; Thomas, Leonard M; Mayo, Stephen L

    2015-08-14

    In standard implementations of computational protein design, a positive-design approach is used to predict sequences that will be stable on a given backbone structure. Possible competing states are typically not considered, primarily because appropriate structural models are not available. One potential competing state, the domain-swapped dimer, is especially compelling because it is often nearly identical with its monomeric counterpart, differing by just a few mutations in a hinge region. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide a computational method to sample different conformational states of a structure. Here, we tested whether MD simulations could be used as a post-design screening tool to identify sequence mutations leading to domain-swapped dimers. We hypothesized that a successful computationally designed sequence would have backbone structure and dynamics characteristics similar to that of the input structure and that, in contrast, domain-swapped dimers would exhibit increased backbone flexibility and/or altered structure in the hinge-loop region to accommodate the large conformational change required for domain swapping. While attempting to engineer a homodimer from a 51-amino-acid fragment of the monomeric protein engrailed homeodomain (ENH), we had instead generated a domain-swapped dimer (ENH_DsD). MD simulations on these proteins showed increased B-factors derived from MD simulation in the hinge loop of the ENH_DsD domain-swapped dimer relative to monomeric ENH. Two point mutants of ENH_DsD designed to recover the monomeric fold were then tested with an MD simulation protocol. The MD simulations suggested that one of these mutants would adopt the target monomeric structure, which was subsequently confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  9. Patient SWAP-200 personality dimensions and FFM traits: Do they predict therapist responses?

    PubMed

    Tanzilli, Annalisa; Lingiardi, Vittorio; Hilsenroth, Mark

    2018-05-01

    The main aim of this study was to examine the relationship between therapists' emotional responses and patients' personality evaluated by 3 dimensional diagnostic approaches empirically derived from the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure-200 (SWAP-200; Westen & Shedler, 1999a, 1999b): Two of these rely on the 5-factor model (FFM) domains, that were assessed with different SWAP-200 FFM versions developed by Shedler and Westen (SW-FFM scales; 2004) and McCrae, Löckenhoff, and Costa (MLC-FFM scales; 2005); the third approach is based on a multifaceted model of personality syndromes (SWAP personality dimension scales; see Shedler & Westen, 2004). A national sample of psychiatrists and psychologists (N = 166) of various theoretical orientations completed the Therapist Response Questionnaire (TRQ; Zittel Conklin & Westen, 2003) to identify patterns of therapist response, and the SWAP-200 to assess personality regarding a patient currently in their care. The findings showed good levels of construct validity between the SW-FFM and MLC-FFM scales, with the exception of the Openness trait. Moreover, specific SW-FFM and MLC-FFM scales were significantly associated with distinct SWAP personality dimension scales according in a conceptually meaningful nomological network. Although there were significant, theoretically coherent, and systematic relationships between therapists' responses and patients' personality features, overall the contribution of the SW-FFM and MLC-FFM traits in predicting therapists' responses was less sizable than the SWAP personality dimensions. These results seem to confirm the diagnostic and therapeutic value of countertransference as an essential tool in understanding psychological traits/dimensions that underlie the patients' psychopathology, both from within and outside of the FFM. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

  10. Corrosion Screening of EV31A Magnesium and Other Magnesium Alloys using Laboratory-Based Accelerated Corrosion and Electro-Chemical Methods

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-07-01

    corrosion studies (16). A schematic of the SWAP process and example of the powder produced is included in figure 4. This alloy contains amounts of Al ...advanced powder -based alloy and ZAXE1711 (both from Japan) were produced using a Spinning Water Atomization Process (SWAP) to yield powder particles with...and ZAXE1711 Mg alloy powders and (b) morphology of coarse Mg alloy powder prepared by SWAP

  11. Green Team Readies for Spring with Plant Swap | Poster

    Cancer.gov

    By Carolynne Keenan, Contributing Writer Those looking for a cost-effective way to spruce up their yards this spring can stop by the National Cancer Institute at Frederick Green Team’s booth during the Spring Research Festival (SRF) on May 7 and 8. Pick up a free plant, donate overgrown plants from your yard, or swap for a new plant. Everyone is invited to participate in the swap, whether you have plants to donate or not.

  12. Fault tolerance in a supercomputer through dynamic repartitioning

    DOEpatents

    Chen, Dong; Coteus, Paul W.; Gara, Alan G.; Takken, Todd E.

    2007-02-27

    A multiprocessor, parallel computer is made tolerant to hardware failures by providing extra groups of redundant standby processors and by designing the system so that these extra groups of processors can be swapped with any group which experiences a hardware failure. This swapping can be under software control, thereby permitting the entire computer to sustain a hardware failure but, after swapping in the standby processors, to still appear to software as a pristine, fully functioning system.

  13. The Annual Fall Book Swap Is On! | Poster

    Cancer.gov

    The Scientific Library staff is happy to announce that our 17th Annual Book and Media Swap will be held again this year beginning on Wednesday, November 1 from 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. in Building 549. If you need to make room for new books, are looking for new homes for your old books, or are tired of viewing those same old DVDs over and over, then the Swap is for you.

  14. Multiscale implementation of infinite-swap replica exchange molecular dynamics.

    PubMed

    Yu, Tang-Qing; Lu, Jianfeng; Abrams, Cameron F; Vanden-Eijnden, Eric

    2016-10-18

    Replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) is a popular method to accelerate conformational sampling of complex molecular systems. The idea is to run several replicas of the system in parallel at different temperatures that are swapped periodically. These swaps are typically attempted every few MD steps and accepted or rejected according to a Metropolis-Hastings criterion. This guarantees that the joint distribution of the composite system of replicas is the normalized sum of the symmetrized product of the canonical distributions of these replicas at the different temperatures. Here we propose a different implementation of REMD in which (i) the swaps obey a continuous-time Markov jump process implemented via Gillespie's stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA), which also samples exactly the aforementioned joint distribution and has the advantage of being rejection free, and (ii) this REMD-SSA is combined with the heterogeneous multiscale method to accelerate the rate of the swaps and reach the so-called infinite-swap limit that is known to optimize sampling efficiency. The method is easy to implement and can be trivially parallelized. Here we illustrate its accuracy and efficiency on the examples of alanine dipeptide in vacuum and C-terminal β-hairpin of protein G in explicit solvent. In this latter example, our results indicate that the landscape of the protein is a triple funnel with two folded structures and one misfolded structure that are stabilized by H-bonds.

  15. Debt-for-nature swaps: A new strategy for protecting environmental interests in developing nations

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hamlin, T.B.

    1989-01-01

    Nature swaps are a generally well-conceived approach to mitigating the destruction of environmentally sensitive areas in developing nations while remaining sensitive to the economic needs of developing countries. They allow developing countries to dedicate some of their debt repayment to local projects, thus benefiting both their economies and the environment. Swaps also help them obtain assistance from environmental organizations in developed nations to manage their own natural resources. Environmentalists, through the purchase of steeply discounted debt, maximize their investment in tropical forest preservation. In addition they can strengthen environmental organizations in developing nations by including local environmentalists in both policymore » decisionmaking and the implementation of conservation projects. Debt-for-nature swaps also keep the subject of tropical deforestation on the agenda of the international community and offer small international lending institutions a socially redeeming means of removing bad loans from their ledgers. Finally, each government's authority to choose its own development objectives is only slightly encumbered by sharing decisionmaking authority with the environmentalists. Essentially, the swapping governments have agreed to cooperate. consequently, tropical forests only have as much protection as the tropical states desire. This does not mean that swaps are of little moment. Hopefully, collaboration between conservationists in the developed world and leaders of the developing nations will contribute to a constructive framework for future efforts to preserve the earth's tropical forests.« less

  16. Study of quantum correlation swapping with relative entropy methods

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xie, Chuanmei; Liu, Yimin; Chen, Jianlan; Zhang, Zhanjun

    2016-02-01

    To generate long-distance shared quantum correlations (QCs) for information processing in future quantum networks, recently we proposed the concept of QC repeater and its kernel technique named QC swapping. Besides, we extensively studied the QC swapping between two simple QC resources (i.e., a pair of Werner states) with four different methods to quantify QCs (Xie et al. in Quantum Inf Process 14:653-679, 2015). In this paper, we continue to treat the same issue by employing other three different methods associated with relative entropies, i.e., the MPSVW method (Modi et al. in Phys Rev Lett 104:080501, 2010), the Zhang method (arXiv:1011.4333 [quant-ph]) and the RS method (Rulli and Sarandy in Phys Rev A 84:042109, 2011). We first derive analytic expressions of all QCs which occur during the swapping process and then reveal their properties about monotonicity and threshold. Importantly, we find that a long-distance shared QC can be generated from two short-distance ones via QC swapping indeed. In addition, we simply compare our present results with our previous ones.

  17. Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-steering swapping between two Gaussian multipartite entangled states

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Meihong; Qin, Zhongzhong; Wang, Yu; Su, Xiaolong

    2017-08-01

    Multipartite Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is a useful quantum resource for quantum communication in quantum networks. It has potential applications in secure quantum communication, such as one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution and quantum secret sharing. By distributing optical modes of a multipartite entangled state to space-separated quantum nodes, a local quantum network can be established. Based on the existing multipartite EPR steering in a local quantum network, secure quantum communication protocol can be accomplished. In this manuscript, we present swapping schemes for EPR steering between two space-separated Gaussian multipartite entangled states, which can be used to connect two space-separated quantum networks. Two swapping schemes, including the swapping between a tripartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled state and an EPR entangled state and that between two tripartite GHZ entangled states, are analyzed. Various types of EPR steering are presented after the swapping of two space-separated independent multipartite entanglement states without direct interaction, which can be used to implement quantum communication between two quantum networks. The presented schemes provide technical reference for more complicated quantum networks with EPR steering.

  18. Replacement of tritiated water from irradiated fuel storage bay

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Castillo, I.; Boniface, H.; Suppiah, S.

    2015-03-15

    Recently, AECL developed a novel method to reduce tritium emissions (to groundwater) and personnel doses at the NRU (National Research Universal) reactor irradiated fuel storage bay (also known as rod or spent fuel bay) through a water swap process. The light water in the fuel bay had built up tritium that had been transferred from the heavy water moderator through normal fuel transfers. The major advantage of the thermal stratification method was that a very effective tritium reduction could be achieved by swapping a minimal volume of bay water and warm tritiated water would be skimmed off the bay surface.more » A demonstration of the method was done that involved Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling of the swap process and a test program that showed excellent agreement with model prediction for the effective removal of almost all the tritium with a minimal water volume. Building on the successful demonstration, AECL fabricated, installed, commissioned and operated a full-scale system to perform a water swap. This full-scale water swap operation achieved a tritium removal efficiency of about 96%.« less

  19. Non-3D domain swapped crystal structure of truncated zebrafish alphaA crystallin

    PubMed Central

    Laganowsky, A; Eisenberg, D

    2010-01-01

    In previous work on truncated alpha crystallins (Laganowsky et al., Protein Sci 2010; 19:1031–1043), we determined crystal structures of the alpha crystallin core, a seven beta-stranded immunoglobulin-like domain, with its conserved C-terminal extension. These extensions swap into neighboring cores forming oligomeric assemblies. The extension is palindromic in sequence, binding in either of two directions. Here, we report the crystal structure of a truncated alphaA crystallin (AAC) from zebrafish (Danio rerio) revealing C-terminal extensions in a non three-dimensional (3D) domain swapped, “closed” state. The extension is quasi-palindromic, bound within its own zebrafish core domain, lying in the opposite direction to that of bovine AAC, which is bound within an adjacent core domain (Laganowsky et al., Protein Sci 2010; 19:1031–1043). Our findings establish that the C-terminal extension of alpha crystallin proteins can be either 3D domain swapped or non-3D domain swapped. This duality provides another molecular mechanism for alpha crystallin proteins to maintain the polydispersity that is crucial for eye lens transparency. PMID:20669149

  20. Improved IR detectors to swap heavy systems for SWaP

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Manissadjian, Alain; Rubaldo, Laurent; Rebeil, Yann; Kerlain, Alexandre; Brellier, Delphine; Mollard, Laurent

    2012-06-01

    Cooled IR technologies are challenged for answering new system needs like the compactness and the reduction of cryopower which is a key feature for the SWaP (Size, Weight and Power) requirements. Over the last years, SOFRADIR has improved its HgCdTe technology, with effect on dark current reduction, opening the way for High Operating Temperature (HOT) systems that can get rid of the 80K temperature constraint, and therefore releases the Stirling cooler engine power consumption. Performances of the 640×512 15μm pitch LW detector working above 100K will be presented. A compact 640×512 15μm pitch MW detector presenting high EO performance above 130K with cut-off wavelength above 5.0μm has been developed. Its different performances with respect to the market requirements for SWaP will be discussed. High performance compact systems will make no compromise on detector resolution. The pixel pitch reduction is the answer for resolution enhancement with size reduction. We will therefore also discuss the ongoing developments and market needs for SWaP systems.

  1. Attenuation of epsilon(sub eff) of coplanar waveguide transmission lines on silicon substrates

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Taub, Susan R.; Young, Paul G.

    1993-01-01

    Attenuation and epsilon(sub eff) of Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) transmission lines were measured on Silicon substrates with resistivities ranging from 400 to greater than 30,000 ohm-cm, that have a 1000 angstrom coating of SiO2. Both attenuation and epsilon(sub eff) are given over the frequency range 5 to 40 GHz for various strip and slot widths. These measured values are also compared to the theoretical values.

  2. Efficient quantum circuits for one-way quantum computing.

    PubMed

    Tanamoto, Tetsufumi; Liu, Yu-Xi; Hu, Xuedong; Nori, Franco

    2009-03-13

    While Ising-type interactions are ideal for implementing controlled phase flip gates in one-way quantum computing, natural interactions between solid-state qubits are most often described by either the XY or the Heisenberg models. We show an efficient way of generating cluster states directly using either the imaginary SWAP (iSWAP) gate for the XY model, or the sqrt[SWAP] gate for the Heisenberg model. Our approach thus makes one-way quantum computing more feasible for solid-state devices.

  3. Quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping of electron spins in superconducting hybrid structures

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bubanja, Vladimir, E-mail: vladimir.bubanja@callaghaninnovation.govt.nz

    2015-06-15

    We present schemes for quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping of electronic spin states in hybrid superconductor–normal-metal systems. The proposed schemes employ subgap transport whereby the lowest order processes involve Cooper pair-electron and double Cooper-pair cotunneling in quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping protocols, respectively. The competition between elastic cotunneling and Cooper-pair splitting results in the success probability of 25% in both cases. Described implementations of these protocols are within reach of present-day experimental techniques.

  4. 17 CFR 240.3a68-4 - Regulation of mixed swaps.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ....S.C. 78c(a)(68)(D)). (b) Regulation of bilateral uncleared mixed swaps entered into by dually...(f) and 12; (B) Enforcement: 7 U.S.C. 2(a)(1)(B), 6(b), 6b, 6c, 6s(h)(1)(A), 6s(h)(4)(A), 9, 13b, 13a-1, 13a-2, 13, 13c(a), 13c(b), 15 and 26; (C) Reporting to a swap data repository: 7 U.S.C. 6r; (D...

  5. A Unified Picture of Pinatubo Aerosol Global-to Micro-Scale Evolution, From Space, Air, and Ground Measurements

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Russell, Philip B.; Livingston, J. M.; Pueschel, R. F.; Pollack, J. B.; Brooks, S.; Hamill, P.; Hughes, J.; Thomason, L.; Stowe, L.; Deshler, T.; hide

    1995-01-01

    We combine a variety of measurements to develop a composite picture of the post-Pinatubo aerosol and assess the consistency and uncertainties of the measurement and retrieval techniques. Satellite infrared spectroscopy, particle morphology, and evaporation temperature measurements are in accord with theoretical calculations in showing a dominant particle composition of H2SO4-H2O mixture, with H2SO4 weight fraction of 65-80% for most stratospheric temperatures and humidities. Important exceptions are: (1) the presence of volcanic ash at all altitudes initially and in a layer just above the tropopause until at least March 1992, and (2) much smaller H2SO4 weight fractions at the low temperatures attained in high latitude winters and at the tropical tropopause, Laboratory spectroscopy and theoretical calculations yield wavelength- and temperature-dependent refractive indices for the dominant H2SO4-H2O droplets. These in turn permit derivation of particle size spectra from measured optical depth spectra, for comparison to direct measurements by impactors and optical counters. All three techniques paint a generally consistent picture of the evolution of R(sub eff), the effective, or area-weighted, particle radius. In the first month after the eruption, although particle numbers increased by orders of magnitude, R(sub eff) was similar to the preemption value of 0.1 to 0.2 microns, because both small (r less than 0.2 microns) and large (r greater than 0.6 micron particles increased in number. Over the next 3-6 months, R(sub eff) increased to about 0.5 microns reflecting particle growth through condensation and coagulation. In general, R(sub eff) continued to increase for about a year after the eruption. Extinction spectra computed from in situ size distribution measurements are consistent with optical depth measurements, which show spectra with maxima initially at wavelengths of 0.42 microns or less, and thereafter progressively increasing to between 0.78 and 1 micron. Not until 1993 do optical depth spectra begin to show a clear return to the preemption signature of maximizing at the shortest visible wavelengths or in the near UV. This coupled evolution in particle size distribution and optical depth spectra helps explain the relationship between the global maps of 0.5- 1.0- micron optical depth derived from the AVHRR and SAGE satellite measurements.

  6. A tale of two modes: neutrino free-streaming in the early universe

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lancaster, Lachlan; Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan; Knox, Lloyd

    2017-07-01

    We present updated constraints on the free-streaming nature of cosmological neutrinos from cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and polarization power spectra, baryonic acoustic oscillation data, and distance ladder measurements of the Hubble constant. Specifically, we consider a Fermi-like four-fermion interaction between massless neutrinos, characterized by an effective coupling constant G {sub eff}, and resulting in a neutrino opacity τ-dot {sub ν∝} G {sub eff}{sup 2} T {sub ν}{sup 5}. Using a conservative flat prior on the parameter log{sub 10}( G {sub eff} MeV{sup 2}), we find a bimodal posterior distribution with two clearly separated regions of high probability. The firstmore » of these modes is consistent with the standard ΛCDM cosmology and corresponds to neutrinos decoupling at redshift z {sub ν,dec} > 1.3×10{sup 5}, that is before the Fourier modes probed by the CMB damping tail enter the causal horizon. The other mode of the posterior, dubbed the 'interacting neutrino mode', corresponds to neutrino decoupling occurring within a narrow redshift window centered around z {sub ν,dec}∼8300. This mode is characterized by a high value of the effective neutrino coupling constant, log{sub 10}( G {sub eff} MeV{sup 2}) = −1.72 ± 0.10 (68% C.L.), together with a lower value of the scalar spectral index and amplitude of fluctuations, and a higher value of the Hubble parameter. Using both a maximum likelihood analysis and the ratio of the two mode's Bayesian evidence, we find the interacting neutrino mode to be statistically disfavored compared to the standard ΛCDM cosmology, and determine this result to be largely driven by the low- l CMB temperature data. Interestingly, the addition of CMB polarization and direct Hubble constant measurements significantly raises the statistical significance of this secondary mode, indicating that new physics in the neutrino sector could help explain the difference between local measurements of H {sub 0}, and those inferred from CMB data. A robust consequence of our results is that neutrinos must be free streaming long before the epoch of matter-radiation equality in order to fit current cosmological data.« less

  7. 75 FR 57740 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-22

    ... the time frame for reporting pre-enactment unexpired swaps to a swap data repository or to the... governance arrangements and mitigation of conflicts of interest. CONTACT PERSON FOR MORE INFORMATION: David A...

  8. Expansion of effective wet bulb globe temperature for vapor impermeable protective clothing.

    PubMed

    Sakoi, Tomonori; Mochida, Tohru; Kurazumi, Yoshihito; Sawada, Shin-Ichi; Horiba, Yosuke; Kuwabara, Kohei

    2018-01-01

    The wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) is an effective measure for risk screening to prevent heat dISOrders. However, a heat risk evaluation by WBGT requires adjustments depending on the clothing. In this study, we proposed a new effective WBGT (WBGT eff * ) for general vapor permeable clothing ensembles and vapor impermeable protective clothing that is applicable to occupants engaged in moderate intensity work with a metabolic heat production value of around 174W/m 2 . WBGT eff * enables the conversion of heat stress into the scale experienced by the occupant dressed in the basic clothing ensemble (work clothes) based on the heat balances for a human body. We confirmed that WBGT eff * was effective for expressing the critical thermal environments for the prescriptive zones for occupants wearing vapor impermeable protective clothing. Based on WBGT eff * , we succeeded in clarifying how the weights for natural wet bulb, globe, and air temperatures and the intercept changed depending on clothing properties and the surrounding environmental factors when heat stress is expressed by the weighted sum of natural wet bulb, globe, and air temperatures and the intercept. The weight of environmental temperatures (globe and air temperatures) for WBGT eff * for vapor impermeable protective clothing increased compared with that for general vapor permeable clothing, whereas that of the natural wet bulb temperature decreased. For WBGT eff * in outdoor conditions with a solar load, the weighting ratio of globe temperature increased and that of air temperature decreased with air velocity. Approximation equations of WBGT eff * were proposed for both general vapor permeable clothing ensembles and for vapor impermeable protective clothing. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. 17 CFR 1.4 - Electronic signatures, acknowledgments and verifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... commission merchant or introducing broker, a retail forex customer of a retail foreign exchange dealer or..., retail forex customer, participant, client, counterparty, swap dealer, or major swap participant will be...

  10. 17 CFR 1.4 - Electronic signatures, acknowledgments and verifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... commission merchant or introducing broker, a retail forex customer of a retail foreign exchange dealer or..., retail forex customer, participant, client, counterparty, swap dealer, or major swap participant will be...

  11. 17 CFR 23.603 - Business continuity and disaster recovery.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ..., facilities, infrastructure, personnel and competencies essential to the continued operations of the swap.... The individuals identified shall be authorized to make key decisions on behalf of the swap dealer or...

  12. 17 CFR 23.603 - Business continuity and disaster recovery.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ..., facilities, infrastructure, personnel and competencies essential to the continued operations of the swap.... The individuals identified shall be authorized to make key decisions on behalf of the swap dealer or...

  13. Segregation of Impurities in Directionally Solidified Silicon

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ravishankar, P. S.; Younghouse, L. B.

    1984-01-01

    Hall measurements and four-point probe resistivity measurements are used to determine the concentration profile of boron and iron in doped semi-conductor silicon ingots grown by the Bridgman technique. The concentration profiles are fitted to the normal segregation equation and the effective segregation coefficient, K sub eff, is calculated. The average value of K sub eff, is 0.803 for boron. For iron, K sub eff, is concentration dependent and is in the range 0.00008 to 0.00012.

  14. Measurements of Z{sub EFF} spatial profiles from bremsstrahlung emission in the visible and near infrared spectral region

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Orsitto, F.; Belforte, M.R.; Borra, M.

    1997-01-01

    Measurement of plasma radiation (i.e., breusstrahlung) in the infrared (IR) range ({lambda}=933, 978 nm), at six lines of sight from z={minus}20 cm to z=8 cm above the equatorial plane, using the detection system of the Frascati Tokamak Upgrade (FTU) Thomson scattering system (TSS) are reported. The agreement of IR with visible ({lambda}=540 nm) bremsstrahlung intensity {ital S}, [S=photons/(m{sup 2}srnms)] measurements is within 20{percent}{endash}30{percent} and depends upon the absolute calibration of both systems. The intensity is equal S(z)={l_angle}Z{sub eff}Gn{sup 2}/T{sub e}{sup 1/2}{r_angle}, where {l_angle}{center_dot}{r_angle} means average on a line of sight. For determining the Z{sub eff} the Gaunt factor(G) is needed,more » and analysis the Born{endash}Elwert formula is used. The Z{sub eff} spatial profiles (i.e., Z{sub eff}(r)), are determined using the plasma temperature (T{sub e}) and density (n{sub e}) measured by the TSS and the Abel inverted intensity profiles, determined using the plasma radiation S(z) measured from six horizontal chords. Z{sub eff}(r) behavior in a variety of FTU discharges is presented. {copyright} {ital 1997 American Institute of Physics.}« less

  15. Incorporation of Interfacial Intermetallic Morphology in Fracture Mechanism Map for Sn-Ag-Cu Solder Joints

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Huang, Z.; Kumar, P.; Dutta, I.; Sidhu, R.; Renavikar, M.; Mahajan, R.

    2014-01-01

    A fracture mechanism map (FMM) is a powerful tool which correlates the fracture behavior of a material to its microstructural characteristics in an explicit and convenient way. In the FMM for solder joints, an effective thickness of the interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) layer ( t eff) and the solder yield strength ( σ ys,eff) are used as abscissa and ordinate axes, respectively, as these two predominantly affect the fracture behavior of solder joints. Earlier, a definition of t eff, based on the uniform thickness of IMC ( t u) and the average height of the IMC scallops ( t s), was proposed and shown to aptly explain the fracture behavior of solder joints on Cu. This paper presents a more general definition of t eff that is more widely applicable to a range of metallizations, including Cu and electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG). Using this new definition of t eff, mode I FMM for SAC387/Cu joints has been updated and its validity was confirmed. A preliminary FMM for SAC387/Cu joints with ENIG metallization is also presented.

  16. Approach to In Situ Component Level Electronics Assembly Repair (CLEAR) for Constellation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Struk, Peter M.; Oeftering, Richard C.

    2010-01-01

    Maintenance resupply is a significant issue for long duration space missions. Currently, the International Space Station (ISS) approaches maintenance primarily around replaceable modules called Orbital Replacement Units (ORU). While swapping out ORUs has served the ISS well keeping crew time for maintenance to a minimum, this approach assumes a substantial logistics capacity to provide replacement ORUs and return ORUs to Earth for repair. The ORUs used for ISS require relatively large blocks of replacement hardware even though the actual failed component may be several orders of magnitude smaller. The Component Level Electronics Assembly Repair (CLEAR) task was created to explore electronics repair down to the component level for future space missions. From 2006 to 2009, CLEAR was an activity under the Supportability project of the Exploration Technology Development Program. This paper describes the activities of CLEAR including making a case for component-level electronics repair, examination of current terrestrial repair hardware, and potential repair needs. Based on those needs, the CLEAR team proposes an architecture for an in-situ repair capability aboard a spacecraft or habitat. Additionally, this paper discusses recent progress toward developing in-space repair capabilities--including two spaceflight experiments-- and presents technology concepts which could help enable or benefit the same.

  17. Entanglement swapping with independent sources over an optical-fiber network

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sun, Qi-Chao; Mao, Ya-Li; Jiang, Yang-Fan; Zhao, Qi; Chen, Si-Jing; Zhang, Wei; Zhang, Wei-Jun; Jiang, Xiao; Chen, Teng-Yun; You, Li-Xing; Li, Li; Huang, Yi-Dong; Chen, Xian-Feng; Wang, Zhen; Ma, Xiongfeng; Zhang, Qiang; Pan, Jian-Wei

    2017-03-01

    Establishing entanglement between two remote systems by the method of entanglement swapping is an essential step for a long-distance quantum network. Here we report a field-test entanglement swapping experiment with two independent telecommunication band entangled photon-pair sources over an optical fiber network in Hefei. The two sources are located at two nodes that are 12.5 km apart and the Bell-state measurement is performed at a third location which is connected to the two source nodes with 14.7-km and 10.6-km optical fibers, respectively. The observed average visibility is 79.9 ±4.8 % , which is sufficient for the violation of Bell inequalities. Furthermore, with the swapped entanglement, we demonstrate a source-independent quantum key distribution, which is also immune to any detection attacks at the measurement site.

  18. Austerity and the "sector-wide approach" to health: The Mozambique experience.

    PubMed

    Pfeiffer, James; Gimbel, Sarah; Chilundo, Baltazar; Gloyd, Stephen; Chapman, Rachel; Sherr, Kenneth

    2017-08-01

    Fiscal austerity policies imposed by the IMF have reduced investments in social services, leaving post-independence nations like Mozambique struggling to recover from civil war and high disease burden. By 2000, a sector-wide approach (SWAp) was promoted to maximize aid effectiveness. 'Like-minded' bilateral donors, from Europe and Canada, promoted a unified approach to health sector support focusing on joint planning, common basket funding, and streamlined monitoring and evaluation to improve sector coordination, amplify country ownership, and build sustainable health systems. Notable donors - including US government and the Global Fund - did not participate in the SWAp, and increased vertical funding weakened the SWAp in favor of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). In spite of some success in harmonizing aid to the health sector, the SWAp experience in Mozambique demonstrates how continued austerity regimes that severely constrain public spending will continue to undermine health system strengthening in Africa, even in the midst of high levels of foreign aid with the ostensible purpose of strengthening those systems. The SWAp story provides a poignant illustration of how continued austerity will impede progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3); "Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all". However, the SWAp continues to offer an alternative model to health system support that can provide a foundation for resistance to renewed austerity measures. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  19. Electronic fitness function for screening semiconductors as thermoelectric materials

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Xing, Guangzong; Sun, Jifeng; Li, Yuwei

    Here, we introduce a simple but efficient electronic fitness function (EFF) that describes the electronic aspect of the thermoelectric performance. This EFF finds materials that overcome the inverse relationship between σ and S based on the complexity of the electronic structures regardless of specific origin (e.g., isosurface corrugation, valley degeneracy, heavy-light bands mixture, valley anisotropy or reduced dimensionality). This function is well suited for application in high throughput screening. We applied this function to 75 different thermoelectric and potential thermoelectric materials including full- and half-Heuslers, binary semiconductors, and Zintl phases. We find an efficient screening using this transport function. Themore » EFF identifies known high-performance p- and n-type Zintl phases and half-Heuslers. In addition, we find some previously unstudied phases with superior EFF.« less

  20. Using atomic layer deposited tungsten to increase thermal conductivity of a packed bed

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Van Norman, Staci A.; Falconer, John L.; Weimer, Alan W., E-mail: alan.weimer@colorado.edu

    2015-04-13

    This study investigated the effective thermal conductivity (k{sub eff}) of packed-beds that contained porous particles with nanoscale tungsten (W) films of different thicknesses formed by atomic layer deposition (ALD). A continuous film on the particles is vital towards increasing k{sub eff} of the packed beds. For example, the k{sub eff} of an alumina packed bed was increased by three times after an ∼8-nm continuous W film with 20 cycles of W ALD, whereas k{sub eff} was decreased on a polymer packed bed with discontinuous, evenly dispersed W-islands due to nanoparticle scattering of phonons. For catalysts, understanding the thermal properties ofmore » these packed beds is essential for developing thermally conductive supports as alternatives to structured supports.« less

  1. Electronic fitness function for screening semiconductors as thermoelectric materials

    DOE PAGES

    Xing, Guangzong; Sun, Jifeng; Li, Yuwei; ...

    2017-11-17

    Here, we introduce a simple but efficient electronic fitness function (EFF) that describes the electronic aspect of the thermoelectric performance. This EFF finds materials that overcome the inverse relationship between σ and S based on the complexity of the electronic structures regardless of specific origin (e.g., isosurface corrugation, valley degeneracy, heavy-light bands mixture, valley anisotropy or reduced dimensionality). This function is well suited for application in high throughput screening. We applied this function to 75 different thermoelectric and potential thermoelectric materials including full- and half-Heuslers, binary semiconductors, and Zintl phases. We find an efficient screening using this transport function. Themore » EFF identifies known high-performance p- and n-type Zintl phases and half-Heuslers. In addition, we find some previously unstudied phases with superior EFF.« less

  2. 76 FR 27801 - Capital Requirements of Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-12

    ...The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Commission or CFTC) is proposing regulations that would implement the new statutory framework in the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), added by the Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act). These new provisions of the CEA require, among other things, the Commission to adopt capital requirements for certain swap dealers (SDs) and major swap participants (MSPs). The proposed rules also provide for related financial condition reporting and recordkeeping by SDs and MSPs. The Commission further proposes to amend existing capital and financial reporting regulations for futures commission merchants (FCMs) that also register as SDs or MSPs. The proposed regulations also include requirements for supplemental FCM financial reporting to reflect section 724 of the Dodd-Frank Act. In order to align the comment periods for this proposed rule and the Commission's earlier proposed rulemaking on margin requirements for uncleared swaps,\\1\\ the comment period for the proposed margin rulemaking is being extended elsewhere in the Federal Register today, so that commenters will have the opportunity to review the proposed capital and margin rules together before the expiration of the comment periods for either proposed rule. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  3. Membrane triangles with corner drilling freedoms. I - The EFF element

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Alvin, Ken; De La Fuente, Horacio M.; Haugen, Bjorn; Felippa, Carlos A.

    1992-01-01

    The formulation of 3-node 9-DOF membrane elements with normal-to-element-plane rotations (drilling freedoms) is examined in the context of parametrized variational principles. In particular, attention is given to the application of the extended free formulation (EFF) to the construction of a triangular membrane element with drilling freedoms that initially has complete quadratic polynomial expansions in each displacement component. The main advantage of the EFF over the free formulation triangle is that an explicit form is obtained for the higher-order stiffness.

  4. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Novales-Sanchez, H.; Toscano, J. J.; Rosado, A.

    In this paper, we review the search of possible physics effects beyond the standard model on the electromagnetic charge and anapole form factors, f{sub Q}(q{sup 2}) and f{sub A}(q{sup 2}), for a no massive Dirac neutrino, when these quantities are calculated in the frame of an effective electroweak Yang-Mills theory, which induces the most general SU{sub L}(2)-invariant Lorentz tensor structure of nonrenormalizable type for the WW{gamma} vertex. We found that in this frame, besides the standard model contribution, the additional contribution to f{sub Q}(q{sup 2}) and f{sub A}(q{sup 2}) (f{sub Q}{sup O{sub W}}(q{sup 2}) and f{sub A}{sup O{sub W}}(q{sup 2}),more » respectively) are gauge independent and finite functions of q{sup 2} after adopting a renormalization scheme. These form factors, f{sub Q}{sup O{sub W}}(q{sup 2}) and f{sub A}{sup O{sub W}}(q{sup 2}), get contribution at the one loop level only from the proper neutrino electromagnetic vertex. Besides, the relation f{sub Q}{sup eff}(q{sup 2}) = q{sup 2}f{sub A}{sup eff}(q{sup 2})(f{sub Q}{sup eff}(q{sup 2}) = f{sub Q}{sup SM}(q{sup 2})+f{sub Q}{sup O{sub W}}(q{sup 2}),f{sub A}{sup eff}(q{sup 2}) = f{sub A}{sup SM}(q{sup 2})+f{sub A}{sup O{sub W}}(q{sup 2})) is still fulfilled and hence the relation a{sub v}{sup eff} = {sup eff}/6(a{sub v}{sup eff} = a{sub v}{sup SM}+a{sub v}{sup O{sub W}},{sup eff} = {sup SM}+{sup O{sub W}}) is obtained, just as in the SM. Using the experimental constraint on the anomalous WW{gamma} vertex, a value for the additional contribution to the charge radius of Double-Vertical-Line {sup O{sub W}} Double-Vertical-Line Less-Than-Or-Equivalent-To 10{sup -34} cm{sup 2} is gotten, which is one order of magnitude lower than the SM value.« less

  5. The Annual Fall Book Swap Is On! | Poster

    Cancer.gov

    The Scientific Library staff is happy to announce that our 17th Annual Book and Media Swap will be held again this year beginning on Wednesday, November 1 from 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. in Building 549. If you need to make room for new books, are looking for new homes for your old books, or are tired of viewing those same old DVDs over and over, then the Swap is for you. Collection for materials has already begun, but donations will continue to be accepted through Tuesday, October 31.

  6. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Balakrishnan, S.; Sankaranarayanan, R.

    Nonlocal two-qubit gates are geometrically represented by tetrahedron known as Weyl chamber within which perfect entanglers form a polyhedron. We identify that all edges of the Weyl chamber and polyhedron are formed by single parametric gates. Nonlocal attributes of these edges are characterized using entangling power and local invariants. In particular, SWAP{sup -{alpha}} family of gates with 0{<=}{alpha}{<=}1 constitutes one edge of the Weyl chamber with SWAP{sup -1/2} being the only perfect entangler. Finally, optimal constructions of controlled-NOT using SWAP{sup -1/2} gate and gates belong to three edges of the polyhedron are presented.

  7. The effect of interest rate derivative transactions on debt savings for not-for-profit health systems.

    PubMed

    Venkataramani, Prakash; Johnson, Tricia; O'Neil, Patricia; Poindexter, Victoria; Rooney, Jeffrey

    2006-01-01

    The utilization of interest rate derivative instruments in US for-profit companies has grown exponentially since the early 1980s. International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. (ISDA), reported that the amount of outstanding standard swaps grew by 25 percent during the first six months of 2003. The growth rate of all interest rate derivatives, which includes single-currency interest rate swaps, cross-currency interest rate swaps, and interest rate options, grew by 24 percent during the same period. The total outstanding amount of interest rate derivatives now totals $123.9 trillion compared to $99.9 trillion at the end of 2002 (Dodd, 2003). This explosion in usage is a testament to the efficacy and flexibility of the instruments and the increased appreciation by financial managers of the importance of financial risk management in a volatile interest rate environment.

  8. Deterministically Entangling Two Remote Atomic Ensembles via Light-Atom Mixed Entanglement Swapping

    PubMed Central

    Liu, Yanhong; Yan, Zhihui; Jia, Xiaojun; Xie, Changde

    2016-01-01

    Entanglement of two distant macroscopic objects is a key element for implementing large-scale quantum networks consisting of quantum channels and quantum nodes. Entanglement swapping can entangle two spatially separated quantum systems without direct interaction. Here we propose a scheme of deterministically entangling two remote atomic ensembles via continuous-variable entanglement swapping between two independent quantum systems involving light and atoms. Each of two stationary atomic ensembles placed at two remote nodes in a quantum network is prepared to a mixed entangled state of light and atoms respectively. Then, the entanglement swapping is unconditionally implemented between the two prepared quantum systems by means of the balanced homodyne detection of light and the feedback of the measured results. Finally, the established entanglement between two macroscopic atomic ensembles is verified by the inseparability criterion of correlation variances between two anti-Stokes optical beams respectively coming from the two atomic ensembles. PMID:27165122

  9. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zhang Peng; Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872; Naidon, Pascal

    Most of the current theories on the p-wave superfluid in cold atomic gases are based on the effective-range theory for the two-body scattering, where the low-energy p-wave scattering amplitude f{sub 1}(k) is given by f{sub 1}(k)=-1/[ik+1/(Vk{sup 2})+1/R]. Here k is the incident momentum, V and R are the k-independent scattering volume and effective range, respectively. However, due to the long-range nature of the van der Waals interaction between two colliding ultracold atoms, the p-wave scattering amplitude of the two atoms is not described by the effective-range theory [J. Math. Phys. 4, 54 (1963); Phys. Rev. A 58, 4222 (1998)]. Inmore » this paper we provide an explicit calculation for the p-wave scattering of two ultracold atoms near the p-wave magnetic Feshbach resonance. We show that in this case the low-energy p-wave scattering amplitude f{sub 1}(k)=-1/[ik+1/(V{sup eff}k{sup 2})+1/(S{sup eff}k)+1/R{sup eff}] where V{sup eff}, S{sup eff}, and R{sup eff} are k-dependent parameters. Based on this result, we identify sufficient conditions for the effective-range theory to be a good approximation of the exact scattering amplitude. Using these conditions we show that the effective-range theory is a good approximation for the p-wave scattering in the ultracold gases of {sup 6}Li and {sup 40}K when the scattering volume is enhanced by the resonance.« less

  10. Contribution of relativistic quantum chemistry to electron’s electric dipole moment for CP violation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Abe, M., E-mail: minoria@tmu.ac.jp; Gopakumar, G., E-mail: gopakumargeetha@gmail.com; Hada, M., E-mail: hada@tmu.ac.jp

    The search for the electric dipole moment of the electron (eEDM) is important because it is a probe of Charge Conjugation-Parity (CP) violation. It can also shed light on new physics beyond the standard model. It is not possible to measure the eEDM directly. However, the interaction energy involving the effective electric field (E{sub eff}) acting on an electron in a molecule and the eEDM can be measured. This quantity can be combined with E{sub eff}, which is calculated by relativistic molecular orbital theory to determine eEDM. Previous calculations of E{sub eff} were not sufficiently accurate in the treatment ofmore » relativistic or electron correlation effects. We therefore developed a new method to calculate E{sub eff} based on a four-component relativistic coupled-cluster theory. We demonstrated our method for YbF molecule, one of the promising candidates for the eEDM search. Using very large basis set and without freezing any core orbitals, we obtain a value of 23.1 GV/cm for E{sub eff} in YbF with an estimated error of less than 10%. The error is assessed by comparison of our calculations and experiments for two properties relevant for E{sub eff}, permanent dipole moment and hyperfine coupling constant. Our method paves the way to calculate properties of various kinds of molecules which can be described by a single-reference wave function.« less

  11. NMR Studies on Structure and Dynamics of the Monomeric Derivative of BS-RNase: New Insights for 3D Domain Swapping

    PubMed Central

    Spadaccini, Roberta; Ercole, Carmine; Gentile, Maria A.; Sanfelice, Domenico; Boelens, Rolf; Wechselberger, Rainer; Batta, Gyula; Bernini, Andrea; Niccolai, Neri; Picone, Delia

    2012-01-01

    Three-dimensional domain swapping is a common phenomenon in pancreatic-like ribonucleases. In the aggregated state, these proteins acquire new biological functions, including selective cytotoxicity against tumour cells. RNase A is able to dislocate both N- and C-termini, but usually this process requires denaturing conditions. In contrast, bovine seminal ribonuclease (BS-RNase), which is a homo-dimeric protein sharing 80% of sequence identity with RNase A, occurs natively as a mixture of swapped and unswapped isoforms. The presence of two disulfides bridging the subunits, indeed, ensures a dimeric structure also to the unswapped molecule. In vitro, the two BS-RNase isoforms interconvert under physiological conditions. Since the tendency to swap is often related to the instability of the monomeric proteins, in these paper we have analysed in detail the stability in solution of the monomeric derivative of BS-RNase (mBS) by a combination of NMR studies and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. The refinement of NMR structure and relaxation data indicate a close similarity with RNase A, without any evidence of aggregation or partial opening. The high compactness of mBS structure is confirmed also by H/D exchange, urea denaturation, and TEMPOL mapping of the protein surface. The present extensive structural and dynamic investigation of (monomeric) mBS did not show any experimental evidence that could explain the known differences in swapping between BS-RNase and RNase A. Hence, we conclude that the swapping in BS-RNase must be influenced by the distinct features of the dimers, suggesting a prominent role for the interchain disulfide bridges. PMID:22253705

  12. A new tissue segmentation method to calculate 3D dose in small animal radiation therapy.

    PubMed

    Noblet, C; Delpon, G; Supiot, S; Potiron, V; Paris, F; Chiavassa, S

    2018-02-26

    In pre-clinical animal experiments, radiation delivery is usually delivered with kV photon beams, in contrast to the MV beams used in clinical irradiation, because of the small size of the animals. At this medium energy range, however, the contribution of the photoelectric effect to absorbed dose is significant. Accurate dose calculation therefore requires a more detailed tissue definition because both density (ρ) and elemental composition (Z eff ) affect the dose distribution. Moreover, when applied to cone beam CT (CBCT) acquisitions, the stoichiometric calibration of HU becomes inefficient as it is designed for highly collimated fan beam CT acquisitions. In this study, we propose an automatic tissue segmentation method of CBCT imaging that assigns both density (ρ) and elemental composition (Z eff ) in small animal dose calculation. The method is based on the relationship found between CBCT number and ρ*Z eff product computed from known materials. Monte Carlo calculations were performed to evaluate the impact of ρZ eff variation on the absorbed dose in tissues. These results led to the creation of a tissue database composed of artificial tissues interpolated from tissue values published by the ICRU. The ρZ eff method was validated by measuring transmitted doses through tissue substitute cylinders and a mouse with EBT3 film. Measurements were compared to the results of the Monte Carlo calculations. The study of the impact of ρZ eff variation over the range of materials, from ρZ eff  = 2 g.cm - 3 (lung) to 27 g.cm - 3 (cortical bone) led to the creation of 125 artificial tissues. For tissue substitute cylinders, the use of ρZ eff method led to maximal and average relative differences between the Monte Carlo results and the EBT3 measurements of 3.6% and 1.6%. Equivalent comparison for the mouse gave maximal and average relative differences of 4.4% and 1.2%, inside the 80% isodose area. Gamma analysis led to a 94.9% success rate in the 10% isodose area with 4% and 0.3 mm criteria in dose and distance. Our new tissue segmentation method was developed for 40kVp CBCT images. Both density and elemental composition are assigned to each voxel by using a relationship between HU and the product ρZ eff . The method, validated by comparing measurements and calculations, enables more accurate small animal dose distribution calculated on low energy CBCT images.

  13. Impacts and Future of the California Fuel Tax Swap of 2010.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2016-05-01

    California's Gas Tax Swap remains controversial, and the issue is compounded by the States current need to finance some $59 billion worth of backlogged highway maintenance projects. Even before the Governor Schwarzenegger made his proposal, there ...

  14. 77 FR 58899 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc.; Notice of Filing and Order...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-24

    ...; Overnight Index Swaps (``OIS'') denominated in USD, EUR, GBP and Japanese Yen (``JPY'') with Termination... Termination Dates up to 50 years; Overnight Index Swaps (``OIS'') denominated in USD, EUR, GBP and Japanese...

  15. Electron mobility in the inversion layers of fully depleted SOI films

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zaitseva, E. G., E-mail: ZaytsevaElza@yandex.ru; Naumova, O. V.; Fomin, B. I.

    The dependences of the electron mobility μ{sub eff} in the inversion layers of fully depleted double–gate silicon-on-insulator (SOI) metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) transistors on the density N{sub e} of induced charge carriers and temperature T are investigated at different states of the SOI film (inversion–accumulation) from the side of one of the gates. It is shown that at a high density of induced charge carriers of N{sub e} > 6 × 10{sup 12} cm{sup –2} the μeff(T) dependences allow the components of mobility μ{sub eff} that are related to scattering at surface phonons and from the film/insulator surface roughness to be distinguished.more » The μ{sub eff}(N{sub e}) dependences can be approximated by the power functions μ{sub eff}(N{sub e}) ∝ N{sub e}{sup −n}. The exponents n in the dependences and the dominant mechanisms of scattering of electrons induced near the interface between the SOI film and buried oxide are determined for different N{sub e} ranges and film states from the surface side.« less

  16. T-lymphocyte homing: an underappreciated yet critical hurdle for successful cancer immunotherapy.

    PubMed

    Sackstein, Robert; Schatton, Tobias; Barthel, Steven R

    2017-06-01

    Advances in cancer immunotherapy have offered new hope for patients with metastatic disease. This unfolding success story has been exemplified by a growing arsenal of novel immunotherapeutics, including blocking antibodies targeting immune checkpoint pathways, cancer vaccines, and adoptive cell therapy (ACT). Nonetheless, clinical benefit remains highly variable and patient-specific, in part, because all immunotherapeutic regimens vitally hinge on the capacity of endogenous and/or adoptively transferred T-effector (T eff ) cells, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, to home efficiently into tumor target tissue. Thus, defects intrinsic to the multi-step T-cell homing cascade have become an obvious, though significantly underappreciated contributor to immunotherapy resistance. Conspicuous have been low intralesional frequencies of tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes (TILs) below clinically beneficial threshold levels, and peripheral rather than deep lesional TIL infiltration. Therefore, a T eff cell 'homing deficit' may arguably represent a dominant factor responsible for ineffective immunotherapeutic outcomes, as tumors resistant to immune-targeted killing thrive in such permissive, immune-vacuous microenvironments. Fortunately, emerging data is shedding light into the diverse mechanisms of immune escape by which tumors restrict T eff cell trafficking and lesional penetrance. In this review, we scrutinize evolving knowledge on the molecular determinants of T eff cell navigation into tumors. By integrating recently described, though sporadic information of pivotal adhesive and chemokine homing signatures within the tumor microenvironment with better established paradigms of T-cell trafficking under homeostatic or infectious disease scenarios, we seek to refine currently incomplete models of T eff cell entry into tumor tissue. We further summarize how cancers thwart homing to escape immune-mediated destruction and raise awareness of the potential impact of immune checkpoint blockers on T eff cell homing. Finally, we speculate on innovative therapeutic opportunities for augmenting T eff cell homing capabilities to improve immunotherapy-based tumor eradication in cancer patients, with special focus on malignant melanoma.

  17. Linearly Supporting Feature Extraction for Automated Estimation of Stellar Atmospheric Parameters

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Xiangru; Lu, Yu; Comte, Georges; Luo, Ali; Zhao, Yongheng; Wang, Yongjun

    2015-05-01

    We describe a scheme to extract linearly supporting (LSU) features from stellar spectra to automatically estimate the atmospheric parameters {{T}{\\tt{eff} }}, log g, and [Fe/H]. “Linearly supporting” means that the atmospheric parameters can be accurately estimated from the extracted features through a linear model. The successive steps of the process are as follow: first, decompose the spectrum using a wavelet packet (WP) and represent it by the derived decomposition coefficients; second, detect representative spectral features from the decomposition coefficients using the proposed method Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LARS)bs; third, estimate the atmospheric parameters {{T}{\\tt{eff} }}, log g, and [Fe/H] from the detected features using a linear regression method. One prominent characteristic of this scheme is its ability to evaluate quantitatively the contribution of each detected feature to the atmospheric parameter estimate and also to trace back the physical significance of that feature. This work also shows that the usefulness of a component depends on both the wavelength and frequency. The proposed scheme has been evaluated on both real spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)/SEGUE and synthetic spectra calculated from Kurucz's NEWODF models. On real spectra, we extracted 23 features to estimate {{T}{\\tt{eff} }}, 62 features for log g, and 68 features for [Fe/H]. Test consistencies between our estimates and those provided by the Spectroscopic Parameter Pipeline of SDSS show that the mean absolute errors (MAEs) are 0.0062 dex for log {{T}{\\tt{eff} }} (83 K for {{T}{\\tt{eff} }}), 0.2345 dex for log g, and 0.1564 dex for [Fe/H]. For the synthetic spectra, the MAE test accuracies are 0.0022 dex for log {{T}{\\tt{eff} }} (32 K for {{T}{\\tt{eff} }}), 0.0337 dex for log g, and 0.0268 dex for [Fe/H].

  18. 78 FR 43785 - Exemptive Order Regarding Compliance With Certain Swap Regulations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-22

    ... the MSP definition in Commission regulation 1.3(hhh). When a person holds swap positions above those...(ggg)(4) or in its calculation of whether it is an MSP for purposes of Commission regulation 1.3(hhh...

  19. 17 CFR 37.203 - Rule enforcement program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... shall establish and enforce trading, trade processing, and participation rules that will deter abuses... practices prohibited. A swap execution facility shall prohibit abusive trading practices on its markets by members and market participants. Swap execution facilities that permit intermediation shall prohibit...

  20. Understanding your capital options.

    PubMed

    Payne, Christopher T

    2012-05-01

    When planning capital expenditures, hospitals and health systems should understand the following financing considerations: Traditional fixed-rate tax-exempt bonds; Variable-rate financing alternatives; Basel III Accord requirements; Direct tax-exempt bank loans; Total return swaps Taxable financings; Interest-rate swaps and collateral requirements

  1. Can we scan the supernova model space for collective oscillations?

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pehlivan, Y., E-mail: yamac.pehlivan@msgsu.edu.tr; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588; Subaşı, A. L.

    Collective neutrino oscillations in a core collapse supernova is a many-body phenomenon which can transform the neutrino energy spectra through emergent effects. One example of this behavior is the neutrino spectral swaps in which neutrinos of different flavors partially or completely exchange their spectra. In this talk, we address the question of how model dependent this behavior is. In particular, we demonstrate that these swaps may be independent of the mean field approximation that is typically employed in numerical treatments by showing an example of a spectral swap in the exact many-body picture.

  2. Theoretical Bounds of Direct Binary Search Halftoning.

    PubMed

    Liao, Jan-Ray

    2015-11-01

    Direct binary search (DBS) produces the images of the best quality among half-toning algorithms. The reason is that it minimizes the total squared perceived error instead of using heuristic approaches. The search for the optimal solution involves two operations: (1) toggle and (2) swap. Both operations try to find the binary states for each pixel to minimize the total squared perceived error. This error energy minimization leads to a conjecture that the absolute value of the filtered error after DBS converges is bounded by half of the peak value of the autocorrelation filter. However, a proof of the bound's existence has not yet been found. In this paper, we present a proof that shows the bound existed as conjectured under the condition that at least one swap occurs after toggle converges. The theoretical analysis also indicates that a swap with a pixel further away from the center of the autocorrelation filter results in a tighter bound. Therefore, we propose a new DBS algorithm which considers toggle and swap separately, and the swap operations are considered in the order from the edge to the center of the filter. Experimental results show that the new algorithm is more efficient than the previous algorithm and can produce half-toned images of the same quality as the previous algorithm.

  3. Correlation between Macular Thickness and Visual Field in Early Open Angle Glaucoma: A Cross-Sectional Study.

    PubMed

    Fallahi Motlagh, Behzad; Sadeghi, Ali

    2017-01-01

    The aim of this study was to correlate macular thickness and visual field parameters in early glaucoma. A total of 104 eyes affected with early glaucoma were examined in a cross-sectional, prospective study. Visual field testing using both standard automated perimetry (SAP) and shortwave automated perimetry (SWAP) was performed. Global visual field parameters, including mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD), were recorded and correlated with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)-measured macular thickness and asymmetry. Average macular thickness correlated significantly with all measures of visual field including MD-SWAP (r = 0.42), MD-SAP (r = 0.41), PSD-SWAP (r = -0.23), and PSD-SAP (r = -0.21), with P-values <0.001 for all correlations. The mean MD scores (using both SWAP and SAP) were significantly higher in the eyes with thin than in those with intermediate average macular thickness. Intraeye (superior macula thickness - inferior macula thickness) asymmetries correlated significantly with both PSD-SWAP (r = 0.63, P < 0.001) and PSD-SAP (r = 0.26, P = 0.01) scores. This study revealed a significant correlation between macular thickness and visual field parameters in early glaucoma. The results of this study should make macular thickness measurements even more meaningful to glaucoma specialists.

  4. Dude Looks like a Lady: Gender Swapping in an Online Game

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Huh, Searle; Williams, Dmitri

    After reviewing the literature on online identity construction and developing a set of theory-based hypotheses, this chapter employs a novel combination of survey data and game-generated behavioral logs to examine gender swapping in EverQuest II. Gender swapping is defined as a difference between the gender reported by the player in the survey from the gender of the player's main character in the game. Motivations for play were measured using Yee's condensed MMO motivations scale, and behavioral logs supplied four main measures of gender-stereotypical in-game behaviors. Contrary to expectations, gender swapping was less common among female players, and swapping was rather rare in general. Homosexual players were more likely to change their online gender than straight players. Performance and socialization motivations for play did not differ significantly between swappers and nonswappers. Men who play female characters were not more likely to engage in stereotypically female acts than men who play male characters; however, women who played male characters did display a degree of hyper-masculine behavior. Some of these findings suggest that there may be less of the identity exploration or challenging of gender norms than some had expected, but the female population of players may be bimodal, composed of stereotypically female and male-leaning subgroups.

  5. Daughters mimic sterile neutrinos (almost!) perfectly

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hasenkamp, Jasper, E-mail: Jasper.Hasenkamp@nyu.edu

    Since only recently, cosmological observations are sensitive to hot dark matter (HDM) admixtures with sub-eV mass, m{sub hdm}{sup eff} < eV, that are not fully-thermalised, Δ N{sub eff} < 1. We argue that their almost automatic interpretation as a sterile neutrino species is neither from theoretical nor practical parsimony principles preferred over HDM formed by decay products (daughters) of an out-of-equilibrium particle decay. While daughters mimic sterile neutrinos in N{sub eff} and m{sub hdm}{sup eff}, there are opportunities to assess this possibility in likelihood analyses. Connecting cosmological parameters and moments of momentum distribution functions, we show that—also in the case of mass-degenerate daughters with indistinguishablemore » main physical effects—the mimicry breaks down when the next moment, the skewness, is considered. Predicted differences of order one in the root-mean-squares of absolute momenta are too small for current sensitivities.« less

  6. Stellar Atmospheric Parameterization Based on Deep Learning

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pan, R. Y.; Li, X. R.

    2016-07-01

    Deep learning is a typical learning method widely studied in machine learning, pattern recognition, and artificial intelligence. This work investigates the stellar atmospheric parameterization problem by constructing a deep neural network with five layers. The proposed scheme is evaluated on both real spectra from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the theoretic spectra computed with Kurucz's New Opacity Distribution Function (NEWODF) model. On the SDSS spectra, the mean absolute errors (MAEs) are 79.95 for the effective temperature (T_{eff}/K), 0.0058 for lg (T_{eff}/K), 0.1706 for surface gravity (lg (g/(cm\\cdot s^{-2}))), and 0.1294 dex for metallicity ([Fe/H]), respectively; On the theoretic spectra, the MAEs are 15.34 for T_{eff}/K, 0.0011 for lg (T_{eff}/K), 0.0214 for lg (g/(cm\\cdot s^{-2})), and 0.0121 dex for [Fe/H], respectively.

  7. An exact solution for R2,eff in CPMG experiments in the case of two site chemical exchange

    PubMed Central

    Baldwin, Andrew J.

    2014-01-01

    The Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG) experiment is widely used to quantitatively analyse the effects of chemical exchange on NMR spectra. In a CPMG experiment, the effective transverse relaxation rate, R2,eff, is typically measured as a function of the pulse frequency, νCPMG. Here, an exact expression for how R2,eff varies with νCPMG is derived for the commonly encountered scenario of two-site chemical exchange of in-phase magnetisation. This result, summarised in Appendix A, generalises a frequently used equation derived by Carver and Richards, published in 1972. The expression enables more rapid analysis of CPMG data by both speeding up calculation of R2,eff over numerical methods by a factor of ca. 130, and yields exact derivatives for use in data analysis. Moreover, the derivation provides insight into the physical principles behind the experiment. PMID:24852115

  8. Quantification of Endospore-Forming Firmicutes by Quantitative PCR with the Functional Gene spo0A

    PubMed Central

    Bueche, Matthieu; Wunderlin, Tina; Roussel-Delif, Ludovic; Junier, Thomas; Sauvain, Loic; Jeanneret, Nicole

    2013-01-01

    Bacterial endospores are highly specialized cellular forms that allow endospore-forming Firmicutes (EFF) to tolerate harsh environmental conditions. EFF are considered ubiquitous in natural environments, in particular, those subjected to stress conditions. In addition to natural habitats, EFF are often the cause of contamination problems in anthropogenic environments, such as industrial production plants or hospitals. It is therefore desirable to assess their prevalence in environmental and industrial fields. To this end, a high-sensitivity detection method is still needed. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate an approach based on quantitative PCR (qPCR). For this, the suitability of functional genes specific for and common to all EFF were evaluated. Seven genes were considered, but only spo0A was retained to identify conserved regions for qPCR primer design. An approach based on multivariate analysis was developed for primer design. Two primer sets were obtained and evaluated with 16 pure cultures, including representatives of the genera Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Brevibacillus, Geobacillus, Alicyclobacillus, Sulfobacillus, Clostridium, and Desulfotomaculum, as well as with environmental samples. The primer sets developed gave a reliable quantification when tested on laboratory strains, with the exception of Sulfobacillus and Desulfotomaculum. A test using sediment samples with a diverse EFF community also gave a reliable quantification compared to 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. A detection limit of about 104 cells (or spores) per gram of initial material was calculated, indicating this method has a promising potential for the detection of EFF over a wide range of applications. PMID:23811505

  9. An automatic recording system for the study of escape from fear in rats.

    PubMed

    Li, Ming; He, Wei

    2013-11-01

    Escape from fear (EFF) is an active response to a conditioned stimulus (CS) previously paired with an unconditioned fearful stimulus (US), which typically leads to the termination of the CS. In this paradigm, animals acquire two distinct associations: S-S [CS-US] and R-O [response-outcome] through Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning, respectively. The present study describes a computer controlled automatic recording system that captures the development of EFF and allows the determination of the respective roles of S-S and R-O associations in this process. We validated this system by showing that only rats subjected to a simultaneous CS-US conditioning (i.e., CS and US occur together at the beginning of each trial) acquired EFF, not those subjected to an unpaired CS-US conditioning. Paired rats had a progressively increased number of EFF and significantly shorter escape latencies than unpaired rats across the 5-trial blocks on the test day. However, during the conditioning phase, the unpaired rats emitted more 22kHz ultrasonic vocalizations, a validated measure of conditioned reactive fear responses. Our results demonstrate that the acquisition of EFF is contingent upon pairing of the CS with the US, not simply the consequence of a high level of generalized fear. Because this commercially available system is capable of examining both conditioned active and reactive fear responses in a single setup, it could be used to determine the relative roles of S-S and R-O associations in EFF, the neurobiology of conditioned active fear response and neuropharmacology of psychotherapeutic drugs. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. 17 CFR 37.406 - Trade reconstruction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Trade reconstruction. 37.406 Section 37.406 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP EXECUTION FACILITIES Monitoring of Trading and Trade Processing § 37.406 Trade reconstruction. The swap execution...

  11. 17 CFR 49.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... data repository. (10) Position. The term “position” means the gross and net notional amounts of open... Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES... directly, or indirectly, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the swap data...

  12. 77 FR 41110 - Exemptive Order Regarding Compliance With Certain Swap Regulations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-12

    ... delay compliance with certain entity-level requirements of the CEA (and Commission regulations promulgated thereunder), subject to specified conditions. Additionally, with respect to transaction-level.... major swap participants may delay compliance with certain entity-level requirements of the CEA (and...

  13. A simple formulation for deriving effective atomic numbers via electron density calibration from dual-energy CT data in the human body.

    PubMed

    Saito, Masatoshi; Sagara, Shota

    2017-06-01

    The main objective of this study is to propose a simple formulation (which we called DEEDZ) for deriving effective atomic numbers (Z eff ) via electron density (ρ e ) calibration from dual-energy (DE) CT data. We carried out numerical analysis of this DEEDZ method for a large variety of materials with known elemental compositions and mass densities using an available photon cross sections database. The new conversion approach was also applied to previously published experimental DECT data to validate its practical feasibility. We performed numerical analysis of the DEEDZ conversion method for tissue surrogates that have the same chemical compositions and mass densities as a commercial tissue-characterization phantom in order to determine the parameters necessary for the ρ e and Z eff calibrations in the DEEDZ conversion. These parameters were then applied to the human-body-equivalent tissues of ICRU Report 46 as objects of interest with unknown ρ e and Z eff . The attenuation coefficients of these materials were calculated using the XCOM photon cross sections database. We also applied the DEEDZ conversion to experimental DECT data available in the literature, which was measured for two commercial phantoms of different shapes and sizes using a dual-source CT scanner at 80 kV and 140 kV/Sn. The simulated Z eff 's were in excellent agreement with the reference values for almost all of the ICRU-46 human tissues over the Z eff range from 5.83 (gallstones-cholesterol) to 16.11 (bone mineral-hydroxyapatite). The relative deviations from the reference Z eff were within ± 0.3% for all materials, except for one outlier that presented a -3.1% deviation, namely, the thyroid. The reason for this discrepancy is that the thyroid contains a small amount of iodine, an element with a large atomic number (Z = 53). In the experimental case, we confirmed that the simple formulation with less fit parameters enable to calibrate Z eff as accurately as the existing calibration procedure. The DEEDZ conversion method based on the simple formulation proposed could facilitate the construction of ρ e and Z eff images from acquired DECT data. © 2017 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.

  14. Simulation of water flow and nitrogen transport for a Bulgarian experimental plot using SWAP and ANIMO models.

    PubMed

    Marinov, Dimitar; Querner, Erik; Roelsma, Jan

    2005-04-01

    Unsaturated zone models are useful tools in predicting effects of measures and can be used to optimise agricultural practice aiming to minimise the impact on the environment. However, current soil models have a varying degree of abstraction level referring to simulated processes in time and space. In the framework of an EU funded project the SWAP (Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant) and ANIMO (Agricultural-Nutrient-Model) models were tested for an experimental arable plot in Bulgaria. SWAP was used to simulate water flow in the soil while ANIMO describes nitrogen movement and transformations. The objectives of this study are: (i) to show results of the combined application of water and nitrogen dynamics of originally Dutch models SWAP and ANIMO for specific Bulgarian soil and hydrological conditions; (ii) to calibrate and evaluate SWAP and ANIMO models by comparing numerical results with field measurements collected for an arable field in western Bulgaria and (iii) to analyse possible contamination of groundwater due to agricultural practice in the considered region. Further a short description of the experimental plot, as well as information about parameters of the investigated soil profiles, is provided. The obtained SWAP results evidenced that the model gives sufficient adaptation for soil water dynamics. The simulations of ANIMO for nitrogen cycle show greater divergence with observations but are satisfactory precise for the purposes of assessing land use impact on groundwater quality. In general, differences between model results and field measurements do not exceed 10-15%. For the experimental plot predictions indicate nitrate-N concentrations less then 5 mg/l in deeper soil compartments and low downward annual flux containing 0.133 kg N/ha. These results indicate that there is no serious pollution of the shallow groundwater table by nitrogen resulting from land use and agricultural activities.

  15. 17 CFR 23.23-23.40 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false [Reserved] 23.23-23.40 Section 23.23-23.40 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DEALERS AND MAJOR SWAP PARTICIPANTS Registration §§ 23.23-23.40 [Reserved] ...

  16. 17 CFR 23.1-23.20 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false [Reserved] 23.1-23.20 Section 23.1-23.20 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DEALERS AND MAJOR SWAP PARTICIPANTS Reserved §§ 23.1-23.20 [Reserved] ...

  17. 17 CFR 23.23-23.40 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false [Reserved] 23.23-23.40 Section 23.23-23.40 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DEALERS AND MAJOR SWAP PARTICIPANTS Registration §§ 23.23-23.40 [Reserved] ...

  18. 17 CFR 23.23-23.40 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false [Reserved] 23.23-23.40 Section 23.23-23.40 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DEALERS AND MAJOR SWAP PARTICIPANTS Registration §§ 23.23-23.40 [Reserved] ...

  19. 17 CFR 37.12 - Trade execution compliance schedule.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Trade execution compliance... EXECUTION FACILITIES General Provisions § 37.12 Trade execution compliance schedule. (a) A swap transaction... days after the available-to-trade determination submission or certification for that swap is...

  20. 76 FR 4751 - Position Limits for Derivatives

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-26

    ... designated contract markets (``DCM'') and physical commodity swaps that are economically equivalent to such... non-spot-month limits based on open interest levels as well as establishing Commission-determined spot...''), swaps that are economically equivalent to DCM futures and option contracts with position limits, and...

  1. 76 FR 65999 - Effective Date for Swap Regulation

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-25

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Chapter 1 Effective Date for Swap Regulation AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice of proposed amendment. SUMMARY: On July 14, 2011, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC'' or the ``Commission'') issued a final order (``July 14 Order...

  2. Domain-Swapped Dimers of Intracellular Lipid-Binding Proteins: Evidence for Ordered Folding Intermediates.

    PubMed

    Assar, Zahra; Nossoni, Zahra; Wang, Wenjing; Santos, Elizabeth M; Kramer, Kevin; McCornack, Colin; Vasileiou, Chrysoula; Borhan, Babak; Geiger, James H

    2016-09-06

    Human Cellular Retinol Binding Protein II (hCRBPII), a member of the intracellular lipid-binding protein family, is a monomeric protein responsible for the intracellular transport of retinol and retinal. Herein we report that hCRBPII forms an extensive domain-swapped dimer during bacterial expression. The domain-swapped region encompasses almost half of the protein. The dimer represents a novel structural architecture with the mouths of the two binding cavities facing each other, producing a new binding cavity that spans the length of the protein complex. Although wild-type hCRBPII forms the dimer, the propensity for dimerization can be substantially increased via mutation at Tyr60. The monomeric form of the wild-type protein represents the thermodynamically more stable species, making the domain-swapped dimer a kinetically trapped entity. Hypothetically, the wild-type protein has evolved to minimize dimerization of the folding intermediate through a critical hydrogen bond (Tyr60-Glu72) that disfavors the dimeric form. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Stellar oxygen abundances. I - A resolution to the 7774 A O I abundance discrepancy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    King, Jeremy R.

    1993-09-01

    We investigate the discrepancy between O/Fe abundance ratios of metal-poor stars derived from the 7774 A O I triplet and O/Fe ratios determined from other oxygen lines. We propose a possible resolution to this discrepancy which also eliminates the correlation of O/Fe and T(eff) found in a recent 7774 A O I analysis. The equivalent widths of Abia & Rebolo (1989) are found to be systematically too high by 25 percent. Arguments are presented that current temperature estimates for halo stars are 150-200 K too low. Using the guidance of both model atmospheres and other empirical color-T(eff) relations, we construct new color temperature relations for metal-poor stars. These relations are tied to the temperature scale of Saxner & Hammarback (1985) for metal-rich stars. We use (b-y) and (V-K) indices to redetermine values of T(eff) for a handful of halo stars. (B-V)-T(eff) relations which do not take into account the effects of metallicity are found to be inadequate. Revised O/Fe ratios are determined using the new temperature scale. The mean abundance ratio of the reanalyzed halo dwarfs is about +0.52. There is no trend of O/Fe with Fe/H or T(eff).

  4. 77 FR 70213 - Capital, Margin, and Segregation Requirements for Security-Based Swap Dealers and Major Security...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-23

    ...In accordance with the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (``Dodd-Frank Act''), the Securities and Exchange Commission (``Commission''), pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (``Exchange Act''), is proposing capital and margin requirements for security-based swap dealers (``SBSDs'') and major security-based swap participants (``MSBSPs''), segregation requirements for SBSDs, and notification requirements with respect to segregation for SBSDs and MSBSPs. The Commission also is proposing to increase the minimum net capital requirements for broker-dealers permitted to use the alternative internal model-based method for computing net capital (``ANC broker-dealers'').

  5. Analytical pricing formulas for hybrid variance swaps with regime-switching

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Roslan, Teh Raihana Nazirah; Cao, Jiling; Zhang, Wenjun

    2017-11-01

    The problem of pricing discretely-sampled variance swaps under stochastic volatility, stochastic interest rate and regime-switching is being considered in this paper. An extension of the Heston stochastic volatility model structure is done by adding the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) stochastic interest rate model. In addition, the parameters of the model are permitted to have transitions following a Markov chain process which is continuous and discoverable. This hybrid model can be used to illustrate certain macroeconomic conditions, for example the changing phases of business stages. The outcome of our regime-switching hybrid model is presented in terms of analytical pricing formulas for variance swaps.

  6. 75 FR 80637 - Business Conduct Standards for Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants With Counterparties

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-22

    ... Acting as Counterparties to Special Entities 1. Qualifications of the Independent Representative 2. Statutory Disqualification 3. Independent 4. Best Interests 5. Makes Appropriate and Timely Disclosures 6... Contributions by Independent Representative of a Municipal Entity 9. Unqualified Independent Representative 10...

  7. 17 CFR 4.34 - General disclosures required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... the commodity trading advisor may engage in retail forex transactions pursuant to the offered trading... pursuant to such program (including retail forex and swap transactions, if any). (h) Trading program. A... difference between bid and asked prices on retail forex or swap transactions, the trading advisor must...

  8. 17 CFR 4.34 - General disclosures required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... the commodity trading advisor may engage in retail forex transactions pursuant to the offered trading... pursuant to such program (including retail forex and swap transactions, if any). (h) Trading program. A... difference between bid and asked prices on retail forex or swap transactions, the trading advisor must...

  9. 17 CFR 38.11 - Trade execution compliance schedule.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Trade execution compliance... DESIGNATED CONTRACT MARKETS General Provisions § 38.11 Trade execution compliance schedule. (a) A swap... (2) Thirty days after the available-to-trade determination submission or certification for that swap...

  10. 12 CFR 237.22 - Transition period for insured depository institutions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... quantitative and qualitative impacts of divestiture or cessation of swap or security-based swaps activities on the insured depository institution, including information that addresses the factors in paragraph (d... consideration of the factors in paragraph (c) of this section. (c) Factors governing Board determinations. In...

  11. 78 FR 909 - Further Proposed Guidance Regarding Compliance With Certain Swap Regulations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-07

    ... establish a new regulatory framework for swaps. The legislation was enacted to reduce systemic risk... increase understanding of each other's regulatory approaches and to harmonize the cross-border approaches... may lead to divergent approaches to cross-border activities. The Commission also recognizes the...

  12. 17 CFR 23.500 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... market value or net present value of a swap. [77 FR 55960, Sept. 11, 2012] ... notional value of some or all of the swaps submitted by the counterparties for inclusion in the portfolio... whose combined notional value (or some other measure of risk) is less than the combined notional value...

  13. 17 CFR 23.500 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... market value or net present value of a swap. [77 FR 55960, Sept. 11, 2012] ... notional value of some or all of the swaps submitted by the counterparties for inclusion in the portfolio... whose combined notional value (or some other measure of risk) is less than the combined notional value...

  14. 78 FR 68505 - Enhancing Protections Afforded Customers and Customer Funds Held by Futures Commission Merchants...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-14

    ...The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``Commission'' or ``CFTC'') is adopting new regulations and amending existing regulations to require enhanced customer protections, risk management programs, internal monitoring and controls, capital and liquidity standards, customer disclosures, and auditing and examination programs for futures commission merchants (``FCMs''). The regulations also address certain related issues concerning derivatives clearing organizations (``DCOs'') and chief compliance officers (``CCOs''). The final rules will afford greater assurances to market participants that: Customer segregated funds, secured amount funds, and cleared swaps funds are protected; customers are provided with appropriate notice of the risks of futures trading and of the FCMs with which they may choose to do business; FCMs are monitoring and managing risks in a robust manner; the capital and liquidity of FCMs are strengthened to safeguard their continued operations; and the auditing and examination programs of the Commission and the self- regulatory organizations (``SROs'') are monitoring the activities of FCMs in a prudent and thorough manner.

  15. Recovery of chemical Estimates by Field Inhomogeneity Neighborhood Error Detection (REFINED): Fat/Water Separation at 7T

    PubMed Central

    Narayan, Sreenath; Kalhan, Satish C.; Wilson, David L.

    2012-01-01

    I.Abstract Purpose To reduce swaps in fat-water separation methods, a particular issue on 7T small animal scanners due to field inhomogeneity, using image postprocessing innovations that detect and correct errors in the B0 field map. Materials and Methods Fat-water decompositions and B0 field maps were computed for images of mice acquired on a 7T Bruker BioSpec scanner, using a computationally efficient method for solving the Markov Random Field formulation of the multi-point Dixon model. The B0 field maps were processed with a novel hole-filling method, based on edge strength between regions, and a novel k-means method, based on field-map intensities, which were iteratively applied to automatically detect and reinitialize error regions in the B0 field maps. Errors were manually assessed in the B0 field maps and chemical parameter maps both before and after error correction. Results Partial swaps were found in 6% of images when processed with FLAWLESS. After REFINED correction, only 0.7% of images contained partial swaps, resulting in an 88% decrease in error rate. Complete swaps were not problematic. Conclusion Ex post facto error correction is a viable supplement to a priori techniques for producing globally smooth B0 field maps, without partial swaps. With our processing pipeline, it is possible to process image volumes rapidly, robustly, and almost automatically. PMID:23023815

  16. Recovery of chemical estimates by field inhomogeneity neighborhood error detection (REFINED): fat/water separation at 7 tesla.

    PubMed

    Narayan, Sreenath; Kalhan, Satish C; Wilson, David L

    2013-05-01

    To reduce swaps in fat-water separation methods, a particular issue on 7 Tesla (T) small animal scanners due to field inhomogeneity, using image postprocessing innovations that detect and correct errors in the B0 field map. Fat-water decompositions and B0 field maps were computed for images of mice acquired on a 7T Bruker BioSpec scanner, using a computationally efficient method for solving the Markov Random Field formulation of the multi-point Dixon model. The B0 field maps were processed with a novel hole-filling method, based on edge strength between regions, and a novel k-means method, based on field-map intensities, which were iteratively applied to automatically detect and reinitialize error regions in the B0 field maps. Errors were manually assessed in the B0 field maps and chemical parameter maps both before and after error correction. Partial swaps were found in 6% of images when processed with FLAWLESS. After REFINED correction, only 0.7% of images contained partial swaps, resulting in an 88% decrease in error rate. Complete swaps were not problematic. Ex post facto error correction is a viable supplement to a priori techniques for producing globally smooth B0 field maps, without partial swaps. With our processing pipeline, it is possible to process image volumes rapidly, robustly, and almost automatically. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  17. Two-Dimensional J eff = 1 / 2 Antiferromagnetic Insulator Unraveled from Interlayer Exchange Coupling in Artificial Perovskite Iridate Superlattices

    DOE PAGES

    Hao, Lin; Meyers, D.; Frederick, Clayton; ...

    2017-07-14

    We report an experimental investigation of the two-dimensional J eff=1/2 antiferromagnetic Mott insulator by varying the interlayer exchange coupling in [(SrIrO 3) 1, (SrTiO 3) m] (m=1, 2 and 3) superlattices. Although all samples exhibited an insulating ground state with long-range magnetic order, temperature-dependent resistivity measurements showed a stronger insulating behavior in the m = 2 and m = 3 samples than the m = 1 sample which displayed a clear kink at the magnetic transition. This difference indicates that the blocking effect of the excessive SrTiO 3 layer enhances the effective electron-electron correlation and strengthens the Mott phase. Themore » significant reduction of the Néel temperature from 150 K for m = 1 to 40 K for m = 2 demonstrates that the long-range order stability in the former is boosted by a substantial interlayer exchange coupling. Resonant x-ray magnetic scattering revealed that the interlayer exchange coupling has a switchable sign, depending on the SrTiO 3 layer number m, for maintaining canting-induced weak ferromagnetism. In conclusion, the nearly unaltered transition temperature between the m = 2 and the m = 3 demonstrated that we have realized a two-dimensional antiferromagnet at finite temperatures with diminishing interlayer exchange coupling.« less

  18. Two-Dimensional J eff = 1 / 2 Antiferromagnetic Insulator Unraveled from Interlayer Exchange Coupling in Artificial Perovskite Iridate Superlattices

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hao, Lin; Meyers, D.; Frederick, Clayton

    We report an experimental investigation of the two-dimensional J eff=1/2 antiferromagnetic Mott insulator by varying the interlayer exchange coupling in [(SrIrO 3) 1, (SrTiO 3) m] (m=1, 2 and 3) superlattices. Although all samples exhibited an insulating ground state with long-range magnetic order, temperature-dependent resistivity measurements showed a stronger insulating behavior in the m = 2 and m = 3 samples than the m = 1 sample which displayed a clear kink at the magnetic transition. This difference indicates that the blocking effect of the excessive SrTiO 3 layer enhances the effective electron-electron correlation and strengthens the Mott phase. Themore » significant reduction of the Néel temperature from 150 K for m = 1 to 40 K for m = 2 demonstrates that the long-range order stability in the former is boosted by a substantial interlayer exchange coupling. Resonant x-ray magnetic scattering revealed that the interlayer exchange coupling has a switchable sign, depending on the SrTiO 3 layer number m, for maintaining canting-induced weak ferromagnetism. In conclusion, the nearly unaltered transition temperature between the m = 2 and the m = 3 demonstrated that we have realized a two-dimensional antiferromagnet at finite temperatures with diminishing interlayer exchange coupling.« less

  19. let-7 miRNA controls CED-7 homotypic adhesion and EFF-1–mediated axonal self-fusion to restore touch sensation following injury

    PubMed Central

    Basu, Atrayee; Dey, Shirshendu; Puri, Dharmendra; Das Saha, Nilanjana; Sabharwal, Vidur; Thyagarajan, Pankajam; Srivastava, Prerna; Koushika, Sandhya Padmanabhan

    2017-01-01

    Neuronal injury often leads to devastating consequences such as loss of senses or locomotion. Restoration of function after injury relies on whether the injured axons can find their target cells. Although fusion between injured proximal axon and distal fragment has been observed in many organisms, its functional significance is not clear. Here, using Caenorhabditis elegans mechanosensory neurons, we address this question. Using two femtosecond lasers simultaneously, we could scan and sever posterior lateral microtubule neurons [posterior lateral microtubules (PLMs)] on both sides of the worm. We showed that axotomy of both PLMs leads to a dramatic loss of posterior touch sensation. During the regenerative phase, only axons that fuse to their distal counterparts contribute to functional recovery. Loss of let-7 miRNA promotes functional restoration in both larval and adult stages. In the L4 stage, loss of let-7 increases fusion events by increasing the mRNA level of one of the cell-recognition molecules, CED-7. The ability to establish cytoplasmic continuity between the proximal and distal ends declines with age. Loss of let-7 overcomes this barrier by promoting axonal transport and enrichment of the EFF-1 fusogen at the growing tip of cut processes. Our data reveal the functional property of a regenerating neuron. PMID:29109254

  20. Retrieval of Ice Cloud Properties Using an Optimal Estimation Algorithm and MODIS Infrared Observations: 2. Retrieval Evaluation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wang, Chenxi; Platnick, Steven; Zhang, Zhibo; Meyer, Kerry; Wind, Galina; Yang, Ping

    2016-01-01

    An infrared-based optimal estimation (OE-IR) algorithm for retrieving ice cloud properties is evaluated. Specifically, the implementation of the algorithm with MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations is assessed in comparison with the operational retrieval products from MODIS on the Aqua satellite (MYD06), Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), and the Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR); the latter two instruments fly on the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite in the Afternoon Constellation (A-Train) with Aqua. The results show that OE-IR cloud optical thickness (tau) and effective radius (r(sub eff)) retrievals perform best for ice clouds having 0.5 < tau< 7 and r(sub eff) < 50microns. For global ice clouds, the averaged retrieval uncertainties of tau and r(sub eff) are 19% and 33%, respectively. For optically thick ice clouds with tau larger than 10, however, the tau and r(sub eff) retrieval uncertainties can exceed 30% and 50%, respectively. For ice cloud top height (h), the averaged global uncertainty is 0.48km. Relatively large h uncertainty (e.g., > 1km) occurs for tau < 0.5. Analysis of 1month of the OE-IR retrievals shows large tau and r(sub eff) uncertainties in storm track regions and the southern oceans where convective clouds are frequently observed, as well as in high-latitude regions where temperature differences between the surface and cloud top are more ambiguous. Generally, comparisons between the OE-IR and the operational products show consistent tau and h retrievals. However, obvious differences between the OE-IR and the MODIS Collection 6 r(sub eff) are found.

  1. Concentration and mobility of charge carriers in thin polymers at high temperature determined by electrode polarization modeling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Diaham, Sombel; Locatelli, Marie-Laure

    2012-07-01

    Charge carrier concentration (n0) and effective mobility (μeff) are reported in two polymer films (<10 μm) and in a very high temperature range (from 200 to 400 °C). This was possible thanks to an electrode polarization modeling of broadband dielectric spectroscopy data. It is shown that the glass transition temperature (Tg) occurrence has a strong influence on the temperature dependence of n0 and μeff. We carry out that n0 presents two distinct Arrhenius-like behaviors below and above Tg, while μeff exhibits a Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman behavior only above Tg whatever the polymer under study. For polyimide films, n0 varies from 1 × 1014 to 4 × 1016 cm-3 and μeff from 1 × 10-8 to 2 × 10-6 cm2 V-1 s-1 between 200 °C to 400 °C. Poly(amide-imide) films show n0 values between 6 × 1016 and 4 × 1018 cm-3 from 270 °C to 400 °C, while μeff varies between 1 × 10-10 and 2 × 10-7 cm2 V-1 s-1. Considering the activation energies of these physical parameters in the temperature range of investigation, n0 and μeff values appear as coherent with those reported in the literature at lower temperature (<80 °C). Surface charge carrier concentrations (nS) are reported and discussed for potential passivation (i.e., surface electrical insulation) applications. Polyimide films appear as good candidates due to nS values less than 1011 cm-2 up to 300 °C.

  2. Lessons Learned from a Collaborative Sensor Web Prototype

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ames, Troy; Case, Lynne; Krahe, Chris; Hess, Melissa; Hennessy, Joseph F. (Technical Monitor)

    2002-01-01

    This paper describes the Sensor Web Application Prototype (SWAP) system that was developed for the Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO). The SWAP is aimed at providing an initial engineering proof-of-concept prototype highlighting sensor collaboration, dynamic cause-effect relationship between sensors, dynamic reconfiguration, and remote monitoring of sensor webs.

  3. 17 CFR 1.35 - Records of commodity interest and related cash or forward transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... merchants, retail foreign exchange dealers, introducing brokers, and members of designated contract markets..., introducing broker, and member of a designated contract market or swap execution facility shall keep full... member of a designated contract market or swap execution facility must retain and produce for inspection...

  4. 17 CFR 1.35 - Records of commodity interest and related cash or forward transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... merchants, retail foreign exchange dealers, introducing brokers, and members of designated contract markets..., introducing broker, and member of a designated contract market or swap execution facility shall keep full... member of a designated contract market or swap execution facility must retain and produce for inspection...

  5. 76 FR 1213 - Core Principles and Other Requirements for Swap Execution Facilities

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-07

    ... Part II Commodity Futures Trading Commission 17 CFR Part 37 Core Principles and Other Requirements... RIN Number 3038-AD18 Core Principles and Other Requirements for Swap Execution Facilities AGENCY... Compliance With the Core Principles III. Effective Date and Transition Period IV. Related Matters A...

  6. Green Team News and Upcoming Events | Poster

    Cancer.gov

    By Melissa Porter, Staff Writer Spring Plant Swap 2013 This past October, you may have seen several members of the Green Team standing in front of Building 549 giving out free plants or offering to take extra plants off your hands—this was the first Green Team Fall Plant Swap.

  7. 17 CFR 37.1400 - Core Principle 14-System safeguards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... procedures, and automated systems, that: (1) Are reliable and secure; and (2) Have adequate scalable capacity... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Core Principle 14-System... SWAP EXECUTION FACILITIES System Safeguards § 37.1400 Core Principle 14—System safeguards. The swap...

  8. 17 CFR 23.451 - Political contributions by certain swap dealers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... any person who supervises, directly or indirectly, such employee; and (iii) Any political action... Special Entity for the swap dealer and any person who supervises, directly or indirectly, such employee...) After learning of the contribution: (A) Has taken all available steps to cause the contributor involved...

  9. 17 CFR 23.451 - Political contributions by certain swap dealers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... any person who supervises, directly or indirectly, such employee; and (iii) Any political action... Special Entity for the swap dealer and any person who supervises, directly or indirectly, such employee...) After learning of the contribution: (A) Has taken all available steps to cause the contributor involved...

  10. 17 CFR 23.451 - Political contributions by certain swap dealers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... any person who supervises, directly or indirectly, such employee; and (iii) Any political action... Special Entity for the swap dealer and any person who supervises, directly or indirectly, such employee...) After learning of the contribution: (A) Has taken all available steps to cause the contributor involved...

  11. 17 CFR 39.12 - Participant and product eligibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... a customer that: (A) Discloses to the futures commission merchant or any swap dealer or major swap participant the identity of a customer's original executing counterparty; (B) Limits the number of counterparties with whom a customer may enter into trades; (C) Restricts the size of the position a customer may...

  12. 17 CFR 39.12 - Participant and product eligibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... a customer that: (A) Discloses to the futures commission merchant or any swap dealer or major swap participant the identity of a customer's original executing counterparty; (B) Limits the number of counterparties with whom a customer may enter into trades; (C) Restricts the size of the position a customer may...

  13. 17 CFR 37.405 - Risk controls for trading.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Risk controls for trading. 37.405 Section 37.405 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP EXECUTION FACILITIES Monitoring of Trading and Trade Processing § 37.405 Risk controls for trading. The swap...

  14. 17 CFR 37.900 - Core Principle 9-Timely publication of trading information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... publication of trading information. 37.900 Section 37.900 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP EXECUTION FACILITIES Timely Publication of Trading Information § 37.900 Core Principle 9—Timely publication of trading information. (a) In general. The swap execution facility shall...

  15. 75 FR 71379 - Registration of Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-23

    .... Presently, all registered futures commission merchants (``FCMs''), introducing brokers (``IBs''), retail...., FCMs, IBs, RFEDs, CPOs and CTAs. The information called for includes the firm's full legal name and... Commission registrants (e.g., FCMs, IBs, RFEDs, CPOs or CTAs) are required to be registered. The term...

  16. Top-down, decoupled control of constitutive parameters in electromagnetic metamaterials with dielectric resonators of internal anisotropy.

    PubMed

    Koo, Sukmo; Mason, Daniel R; Kim, Yunjung; Park, Namkyoo

    2017-02-10

    A meta-atom platform providing decoupled tuning for the constitutive wave parameters remains as a challenging problem, since the proposition of Pendry. Here we propose an electromagnetic meta-atom design of internal anisotropy (ε r  ≠ ε θ ), as a pathway for decoupling of the effective- permittivity ε eff and permeability μ eff . Deriving effective parameters for anisotropic meta-atom from the first principles, and then subsequent inverse-solving the obtained decoupled solution for a target set of ε eff and μ eff , we also achieve an analytic, top-down determination for the internal structure of a meta-atom. To realize the anisotropy from isotropic materials, a particle of spatial permittivity modulation in r or θ direction is proposed. As an application example, a matched zero index dielectric meta-atom is demonstrated, to enable the super-funneling of a 50λ-wide flux through a sub-λ slit; unharnessing the flux collection limit dictated by the λ-zone.

  17. Entanglement across extended random defects in the XX spin chain

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Juhász, Róbert

    2017-08-01

    We study the half-chain entanglement entropy in the ground state of the spin-1/2 XX chain across an extended random defect, where the strength of disorder decays with the distance from the interface algebraically as Δ_l∼ l-κ . In the whole regime κ≥slant 0 , the average entanglement entropy is found to increase logarithmically with the system size L as S_L≃\\frac{c_eff(κ)}{6}\\ln L+const , where the effective central charge c_eff(κ) depends on κ. In the regime κ<1/2 , where the extended defect is a relevant perturbation, the strong-disorder renormalization group method gives c_eff(κ)=(1-2κ)\\ln2 , while, in the regime κ≥slant 1/2 , where the extended defect is irrelevant in the bulk, numerical results indicate a non-zero effective central charge, which increases with κ. The variation of c_eff(κ) is thus found to be non-monotonic and discontinuous at κ=1/2 .

  18. Atmospheric Parameters and Luminosities of Nearby M Dwarfs - Estimating Habitable Exoplanet Detectability with the E-ELT

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Porto de Mello, Gustavo F.; Giribaldi, Riano E.; Lorenzo-Oliveira, Diego; Paes Leme, Nathália M.

    2017-10-01

    We derive T eff and [Fe/H] for a sample of 72 nearby M-dwarfs with Hipparcos parallaxes and δ < +30. Spectra, acquired at the Observatório do Pico dos Dias, Brazil, have R = 10,000 and S/N >~ 100 for nearly all targets in the λλ8380-8880 range. Atmospheric parameters were derived from VJHK colors and a system of spectral line indices calibrated against sample stars with interferometric T eff and [Fe/H] from detailed analysis of FGK binary companions. A PCA method of calibration yields internal errors within 70 K and 0.1 dex for T eff and [Fe/H]. For 18 stars we present the first T eff or [Fe/H] derivation in the literature. We compute the star's luminosities, calculate the position of their habitable zones and estimate that, were all of they to harbour rocky planets inside their HZ, 15-20 of these would be detectable by the E-ELT Planetary Camera and Spectrograph.

  19. Work function tuning at Au-HfO{sub 2} interfaces using organophosphonate monolayers

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kwan, Matthew; Cardinal, Thomas; Ramanath, Ganpati, E-mail: Ramanath@rpi.edu

    2016-05-09

    We show that introducing organophosphonate nanomolecular monolayers (NMLs) at Au-HfO{sub 2} interfaces shift the effective work function by 0.2 eV ≥ ΔΦ{sub eff} ≥ −0.6 eV, due to NML body and bonding dipoles. Electron spectroscopy of NML-Au, NML-HfO{sub 2,} and Au-NML-HfO{sub 2} structures indicate that the Au-NML bond strength is the major factor. Au-NML covalent bonding yields ΔΦ{sub eff} ∼ − 0.2 eV, while weak bonding yields ΔΦ{sub eff} ∼ 0.6 eV. In contrast, NMLs on HfO{sub 2} decrease Φ{sub eff} by ∼0.4 eV due to competing contributions from NML-HfO{sub 2} bonding strength and NML orientation. These findings are relevant for nanomolecularly tailoring the electronic properties of metal–ceramic interfaces for applications.

  20. Intake of high-fructose corn syrup sweetened soft drinks, fruit drinks and apple juice is associated with prevalent arthritis in US adults, aged 20-30 years.

    PubMed

    DeChristopher, L R; Uribarri, J; Tucker, K L

    2016-03-07

    There is a link between joint and gut inflammation of unknown etiology in arthritis. Existing research indicates that regular consumption of high-fructose corn syrup sweetened (HFCS) soft drinks, but not diet soft drinks, may be associated with increased risk of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in women, independent of other dietary and lifestyle factors. One unexplored hypothesis for this association is that fructose malabsorption, due to regular consumption of excess free fructose (EFF) and HFCS, contributes to fructose reactivity in the gastrointestinal tract and intestinal in situ formation of enFruAGEs, which once absorbed, travel beyond the intestinal boundaries to other tissues and promote inflammation. In separate studies, the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products has been associated with joint inflammation in RA. Objective of this study was to assess the association between EFF beverages intake and non-age, non-wear and tear-associated arthritis in US young adults. In this cross sectional study of 1209 adults aged 20-30y, (Nutrition and Health Examination Surveys 2003-2006) exposure variables were high EFF beverages, including HFCS sweetened soft drinks, and any combination of HFCS sweetened soft drinks, fruit drinks (FD) and apple juice, referred to as tEFF. Analyses of diet soda and diet FD were included for comparison. The outcome was self-reported arthritis. Rao Scott Ҳ(2) was used for prevalence differences and logistic regression for associations, adjusted for confounders. Young adults consuming any combination of high EFF beverages (tEFF) ⩾5 times/week (but not diet soda) were three times as likely to have arthritis as non/low consumers (odds ratios=3.01; p⩽0.021; 95% confidence intervals=1.20-7.59), independent of all covariates, including physical activity, other dietary factors, blood glucose and smoking. EFF beverage intake is significantly associated with arthritis in US adults aged 20-30 years, possibly due to the intestinal in situ formation of enFruAGEs.

  1. Intake of high-fructose corn syrup sweetened soft drinks, fruit drinks and apple juice is associated with prevalent arthritis in US adults, aged 20–30 years

    PubMed Central

    DeChristopher, L R; Uribarri, J; Tucker, K L

    2016-01-01

    Objective: There is a link between joint and gut inflammation of unknown etiology in arthritis. Existing research indicates that regular consumption of high-fructose corn syrup sweetened (HFCS) soft drinks, but not diet soft drinks, may be associated with increased risk of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in women, independent of other dietary and lifestyle factors. One unexplored hypothesis for this association is that fructose malabsorption, due to regular consumption of excess free fructose (EFF) and HFCS, contributes to fructose reactivity in the gastrointestinal tract and intestinal in situ formation of enFruAGEs, which once absorbed, travel beyond the intestinal boundaries to other tissues and promote inflammation. In separate studies, the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products has been associated with joint inflammation in RA. Objective of this study was to assess the association between EFF beverages intake and non-age, non-wear and tear-associated arthritis in US young adults. Methods: In this cross sectional study of 1209 adults aged 20–30y, (Nutrition and Health Examination Surveys 2003–2006) exposure variables were high EFF beverages, including HFCS sweetened soft drinks, and any combination of HFCS sweetened soft drinks, fruit drinks (FD) and apple juice, referred to as tEFF. Analyses of diet soda and diet FD were included for comparison. The outcome was self-reported arthritis. Rao Scott Ҳ2 was used for prevalence differences and logistic regression for associations, adjusted for confounders. Results: Young adults consuming any combination of high EFF beverages (tEFF) ⩾5 times/week (but not diet soda) were three times as likely to have arthritis as non/low consumers (odds ratios=3.01; p⩽0.021; 95% confidence intervals=1.20–7.59), independent of all covariates, including physical activity, other dietary factors, blood glucose and smoking. Conclusion: EFF beverage intake is significantly associated with arthritis in US adults aged 20–30 years, possibly due to the intestinal in situ formation of enFruAGEs. PMID:26950480

  2. Formation and evolution of ripples on ion-irradiated semiconductor surfaces

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kang, M.; Wu, J. H.; Ye, W.

    We have examined the formation and evolution of ripples on focused-ion-beam (FIB) irradiated compound semiconductor surfaces. Using initially normal-incidence Ga{sup +} FIB irradiation of InSb, we tuned the local beam incidence angle (θ{sub eff}) by varying the pitch and/or dwell time. For single-pass FIB irradiation, increasing θ{sub eff} induces morphological evolution from pits and islands to ripples to featureless surfaces. Multiple-pass FIB irradiation of the rippled surfaces at a fixed θ{sub eff} leads to island formation on the ripple crests, followed by nanorod (NR) growth. This ripple-NR transition provides an alternative approach for achieving dense arrays of NRs.

  3. Intakes of apple juice, fruit drinks and soda are associated with prevalent asthma in US children aged 2-9 years.

    PubMed

    DeChristopher, Luanne Robalo; Uribarri, Jaime; Tucker, Katherine L

    2016-01-01

    High soft drink consumption has been linked with asthma. Anecdotal evidence links high-fructose corn syrup with asthma. The receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has emerged as a mediator of asthma. The objectives of the present study were to: (i) assess the correlation between intake of beverages containing excess free fructose (EFF beverages) and asthma in children; and (ii) epidemiologically test the mechanistic hypothesis that intake of high EFF beverages, such as apple juice or beverages sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup, is associated with increased risk of asthma. This hypothesis is based on the possible effect of increases in the in situ intestinal formation of advanced glycation end products (enFruAGE) with EFF, which may be absorbed and play a role in RAGE-mediated asthma. We examined cross-sectional associations between beverage intake and self-reported current or history of asthma. Exposure variables were EFF beverages, including apple juice (AJ), non-diet soft drinks (ndSD) and fruit drinks (FD). Orange juice (OJ), not an EFF beverage, was included as a comparison. Rao-Scott χ(2) analysis was used for prevalence differences and logistic regression for associations, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI and total energy intake. Data are from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006, a nationally representative survey. US children (n 1961) aged 2-9 years with complete responses on the dietary frequency questionnaire. Intakes of EFF beverages were significantly associated with asthma in 2-9-year-olds. Adjusted odds of asthma in children consuming EFF beverages ≥5 times/week was more than five times that in children consuming these beverages ≤1 time/month (OR=5·29, P=0·012). Children consuming AJ ≥5 times/week v. ≤1 time/month, adjusted for the other beverages, were more than twice as likely to have asthma (OR=2·43, P=0·035). In contrast, there was a tendency for OJ to be protective. These results support the hypothesis that intake of high EFF beverages, including AJ and beverages sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup, is associated with asthma in children aged 2-9 years. Results support the mechanistic hypothesis that enFruAGE may be an overlooked contributor to asthma in children. Longitudinal studies are needed to provide evidence of causal association.

  4. Single-shot Z(eff) dense plasma diagnostic through simultaneous refraction and attenuation measurements with a Talbot-Lau x-ray moiré deflectometer.

    PubMed

    Valdivia, M P; Stutman, D; Finkenthal, M

    2015-04-01

    The Talbot-Lau x-ray moiré deflectometer is a powerful plasma diagnostic capable of delivering simultaneous refraction and attenuation information through the accurate detection of x-ray phase shift and intensity. The diagnostic can provide the index of refraction n=1-δ+iβ of an object (dense plasma, for example) placed in the x-ray beam by independently measuring both δ and β, which are directly related to the electron density n(e) and the attenuation coefficient μ, respectively. Since δ and β depend on the effective atomic number Z(eff), a map can be obtained from the ratio between phase and absorption images acquired in a single shot. The Talbot-Lau x-ray moiré deflectometer and its corresponding data acquisition and processing are briefly described to illustrate how the above is achieved; Z(eff) values of test objects within the 4-12 range were obtained experimentally through simultaneous refraction and attenuation measurements. We show that Z(eff) mapping of objects does not require previous knowledge of sample length or shape. The determination of Z(eff) from refraction and attenuation measurements with moiré deflectometry could be of high interest to various domains of high energy density research, such as shocked materials and inertial confinement fusion experiments, as well as material science and nondestructive testing.

  5. 75 FR 76573 - Swap Data Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-08

    ..., counterparties verify the primary or essential economic terms of their swap with each other in some fashion... Omissions in Previously Reported Data Appendix 1 to Part 45--Tables of Minimum Primary Economic Terms Data..., as a response to the global economic crisis, the G-20 met in Washington. In September 2009, G-20...

  6. 78 FR 70610 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change Relating...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-26

    ...-traded futures contracts, options on futures contracts and swap agreements. Generally, derivatives are... to invest in derivative instruments, such as options contracts, futures contracts and swap agreements... derivatives will allow the Fund to selectively add diversifying sources of return from selling options. Option...

  7. 78 FR 30800 - Reopening of Comment Periods for Certain Proposed Rulemaking Releases and Policy Statements...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-23

    ..., among other things: (1) The registration and comprehensive oversight of security-based swap dealers and... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 17 CFR Parts 240, 242, and 249 [Release No. 34-69491; File Nos... Releases and Policy Statements Applicable to Security-Based Swaps AGENCY: Securities and Exchange...

  8. 17 CFR 151.11 - Designated contract market and swap execution facility position limits and accountability rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... Designated contract market and swap execution facility position limits and accountability rules. (a) Spot... rules and procedures for monitoring and enforcing spot-month position limits set at levels no greater... monitoring and enforcing spot-month position limits set at levels no greater than 25 percent of estimated...

  9. 17 CFR 151.11 - Designated contract market and swap execution facility position limits and accountability rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... Designated contract market and swap execution facility position limits and accountability rules. (a) Spot... rules and procedures for monitoring and enforcing spot-month position limits set at levels no greater... monitoring and enforcing spot-month position limits set at levels no greater than 25 percent of estimated...

  10. 76 FR 65783 - Registration of Security-Based Swap Dealers and Major Security-Based Swap Participants

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-24

    ... Act Rules and Forms A. Registration Application and Amendment 1. Proposed Rule 15Fb2-1 i. Form of Application ii. Senior Officer Certification iii. Electronic Filing iv. Standards for Granting or Denying Applications v. Request for Comment on Additional Registration Considerations 2. Amendments to Application...

  11. 76 FR 36287 - Temporary Exemptions and Other Temporary Relief, Together With Information on Compliance Dates...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-22

    ... Econ. Dep't, Bank for Int'l Settlements, Triennial and Semiannual Surveys--Positions in Global Over-the...-Based Swap Data Repository Registration, Duties, and Core Principles, 75 FR 77305 (Dec. 10, 2010..., duties, and core principles for SB SEFs. See Registration and Regulation of Security-Based Swap Execution...

  12. 76 FR 80233 - Amendment to July 14, 2011 Order for Swap Regulation

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-23

    ... amendment to agricultural swaps; and, (3) the expiry date applicable to exempt commercial markets (``ECMs... on exempt and excluded commodities, may trade on either a DCM, ECM or exempt board of trade (``EBOT... agricultural commodities on ECMs or EBOTs.\\35\\ Nothing in the Notice or the Commission's recently promulgated...

  13. 17 CFR 23.600 - Risk Management Program for swap dealers and major swap participants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... at the consolidated entity level. (iii) The Risk Management Program shall include policies and...; and whether the product requires a novel pricing methodology or presents novel legal and regulatory... management unit, as to whether the new product would materially alter the overall entity-wide risk profile of...

  14. 17 CFR 23.600 - Risk Management Program for swap dealers and major swap participants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... at the consolidated entity level. (iii) The Risk Management Program shall include policies and...; and whether the product requires a novel pricing methodology or presents novel legal and regulatory... management unit, as to whether the new product would materially alter the overall entity-wide risk profile of...

  15. 17 CFR 140.72 - Delegation of authority to disclose confidential information to a registered entity, swap...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ..., registered futures association or self-regulatory organization. 140.72 Section 140.72 Commodity and... or self-regulatory organization. (a) Pursuant to the authority granted under sections 2(a)(11), 8a(5... execution facility, swap data repository, registered futures association, or self-regulatory organization as...

  16. 17 CFR 240.3a67-3 - Definition of “substantial position.”

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... at the net present value of the unpaid premiums. (ii) Adjustment for netting agreements... value in a major security-based swap category, less the value of the collateral the person has posted in... given major security-based swap category: (i) Determine the dollar value of the aggregate current...

  17. 17 CFR 240.3a67-3 - Definition of “substantial position.”

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... at the net present value of the unpaid premiums. (ii) Adjustment for netting agreements... value in a major security-based swap category, less the value of the collateral the person has posted in... given major security-based swap category: (i) Determine the dollar value of the aggregate current...

  18. 17 CFR 37.400 - Core Principle 4-Monitoring of trading and trade processing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... trading and trade processing. 37.400 Section 37.400 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP EXECUTION FACILITIES Monitoring of Trading and Trade Processing § 37.400 Core Principle 4—Monitoring of trading and trade processing. The swap execution facility shall: (a) Establish and...

  19. 17 CFR 1.7 - Books and records requirements for security-based swap agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Books and records requirements... FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Definitions § 1.7 Books... not be required to keep and maintain additional books and records regarding security-based swap...

  20. 17 CFR 1.7 - Books and records requirements for security-based swap agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Books and records requirements... FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Definitions § 1.7 Books... not be required to keep and maintain additional books and records regarding security-based swap...

  1. 17 CFR 43.6 - Block trades and large notional off-facility swaps.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ..., Poland, Russia, and Turkey; or (ii) By unique currency combinations not included in paragraph (b)(4)(i... the date of publication. (g) Required notification. (1) Block trade election. (i) The parties to a... election to have the publicly reportable swap transaction treated as a block trade. (ii) The registered...

  2. Dimer formation through domain swapping in the crystal structure of the Grb2-SH2-Ac-pYVNV complex.

    PubMed

    Schiering, N; Casale, E; Caccia, P; Giordano, P; Battistini, C

    2000-11-07

    Src homology 2 (SH2) domains are key modules in intracellular signal transduction. They link activated cell surface receptors to downstream targets by binding to phosphotyrosine-containing sequence motifs. The crystal structure of a Grb2-SH2 domain-phosphopeptide complex was determined at 2.4 A resolution. The asymmetric unit contains four polypeptide chains. There is an unexpected domain swap so that individual chains do not adopt a closed SH2 fold. Instead, reorganization of the EF loop leads to an open, nonglobular fold, which associates with an equivalent partner to generate an intertwined dimer. As in previously reported crystal structures of canonical Grb2-SH2 domain-peptide complexes, each of the four hybrid SH2 domains in the two domain-swapped dimers binds the phosphopeptide in a type I beta-turn conformation. This report is the first to describe domain swapping for an SH2 domain. While in vivo evidence of dimerization of Grb2 exists, our SH2 dimer is metastable and a physiological role of this new form of dimer formation remains to be demonstrated.

  3. High-performance, event-driven, low-cost, and SWaP imaging sensor for hostile fire detection, homeland protection, and border security

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rizk, Charbel G.; Lin, Joseph H.; Kennerly, Stephen W.; Pouliquen, Philippe; Goldberg, Arnold C.; Andreou, Andreas G.

    2012-06-01

    The advanced imagers team at JHU APL and ECE has been advocating and developing a new class of sensor systems that address key system level performance bottlenecks but are sufficiently flexible to allow optimization of associated cost and size, weight, and power (SWaP) for different applications and missions. A primary component of this approach is the innovative system-on-chip architecture: Flexible Readout and Integration Sensors (FRIS). This paper reports on the development and testing of a prototype based on the FRIS concept. It will include the architecture, a summary of test results to date relevant to the hostile fire detection challenge. For this application, this prototype demonstrates the potential for this concept to yield the smallest SWaP and lowest cost imaging solution with a low false alarm rate. In addition, a specific solution based on the visible band is proposed. Similar performance and SWaP gains are expected for other wavebands such as SWIR, MWIR, and LWIR and/or other applications like persistent surveillance for critical infrastructure and border control in addition to unattended sensors.

  4. Strand swapping regulates the iron-sulfur cluster in the diabetes drug target mitoNEET

    PubMed Central

    Baxter, Elizabeth Leigh; Jennings, Patricia A.; Onuchic, José N.

    2012-01-01

    MitoNEET is a recently identified diabetes drug target that coordinates a transferable 2Fe-2S cluster, and additionally contains an unusual strand swap. In this manuscript, we use a dual basin structure-based model to predict and characterize the folding and functionality of strand swapping in mitoNEET. We demonstrate that a strand unswapped conformation is kinetically accessible and that multiple levels of control are employed to regulate the conformational dynamics of the system. Environmental factors such as temperature can shift route preference toward the unswapped pathway. Additionally we see that a region recently identified as contributing to frustration in folding acts as a regulatory hinge loop that modulates conformational balance. Interestingly, strand unswapping transfers strain specifically to cluster-coordinating residues, opening the cluster-coordinating pocket. Strengthening contacts within the cluster-coordinating pocket opens a new pathway between the swapped and unswapped conformation that utilizes cracking to bypass the unfolded basin. These results suggest that local control within distinct regions affect motions important in regulating mitoNEET’s 2Fe-2S clusters. PMID:22308404

  5. Model swapping: A comparative performance signature for the prediction of flow duration curves in ungauged basins

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Qamar, Muhammad Uzair; Azmat, Muhammad; Cheema, Muhammad Jehanzeb Masud; Shahid, Muhammad Adnan; Khushnood, Rao Arsalan; Ahmad, Sajjad

    2016-10-01

    The issue of lack of donor basins for prediction of flow duration curves (FDCs) in ungauged basins (PUB) is an important area of research that is not resolved in the literature. We present a distance based approach to predict FDCs at ungauged basins by quantifying the dissimilarity between FDCs and characteristics data of basins. This enables us to bracket hydrologically similar basins and thus allowing us to estimate FDCs at ungauged basins. Generally, a single regression model is selected to make hydrological estimates at an ungauged basin. Based on established laws and theories of hydrology, we work to devise a method to improve the output of selected model for an ungauged basin by swapping it with another model in case the latter gives better coverage and statistical estimates of the nearest neighbors of an ungauged basin. We report two examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of model swapping. Out of 124 basins used in analysis, 34 basins in example 1 and 41 basins in example 2 fulfill the set criteria of model swapping and subsequently their estimates are improved significantly.

  6. Low-SWAP Lidar Instrument for Arctic Ice Sheet Mass Balance Monitoring Final Report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Williams, George; Barsic, David

    To meet the need to obtain statistically significant data in the North Slope of Alaska (NSA) in support of climate models, Voxtel is developing an nmanned-aircraft-system (UAS)-optimized lidar focal plane array (FPA) and lidar instrument design that integrates the most recent developments in optics, electronics, and computing. Bound by the size, weight, and power (SWAP) budget of low altitude/long endurance (LALE) small UAS (SUAS) platforms—a design tradeoff study was conducted. The class of SUAS considered typically: operates at altitudes between 150 meters and 2,000 meters; accommodates payloads weighing less than 5 kg; encompasses no more than 4,000 cm3 of space;more » and consumes no more than 50 watts of power. To address the SWAP constraints, a lowpower standalone strap-down (gimbal-less) lidar was developed based on single-photon-counting silicon avalanche photodiodes. To reduce SWAP, a lidar FPA design capable of simultaneous imaging and lidar was developed. The 532-nm-optimized FPA modular design was developed for easy integration, as a lidar payload, in any of a variety of SUAS platforms.« less

  7. EFF Voice, Winter 2001.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    EFF Voice, 2001

    2001-01-01

    This newsletter reports on the activities of Equipped for the Future (EFF), which is a National Institute for Literacy (NIFL) initiative that develops content standards to ensure that every adult can gain the knowledge and skills needed to fulfill real-world responsibilities as workers, parents, and citizens. A message from the NIFL…

  8. The Alpha Centauri binary system. Atmospheric parameters and element abundances

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Porto de Mello, G. F.; Lyra, W.; Keller, G. R.

    2008-09-01

    Context: The α Centauri binary system, owing to its duplicity, proximity and brightness, and its components' likeness to the Sun, is a fundamental calibrating object for the theory of stellar structure and evolution and the determination of stellar atmospheric parameters. This role, however, is hindered by a considerable disagreement in the published analyses of its atmospheric parameters and abundances. Aims: We report a new spectroscopic analysis of both components of the α Centauri system, compare published analyses of the system, and attempt to quantify the discrepancies still extant in the determinations of the atmospheric parameters and abundances of these stars. Methods: The analysis is differential with respect to the Sun, based on spectra with R = 35 000 and signal-to-noise ratio ≥1000, and employed spectroscopic and photometric methods to obtain as many independent T_eff determinations as possible. We also check the atmospheric parameters for consistency against the results of the dynamical analysis and the positions of the components in a theoretical HR diagram. Results: The spectroscopic atmospheric parameters of the system are found to be T_eff = (5847 ± 27) K, [Fe/H] = +0.24 ± 0.03, log g = 4.34 ± 0.12, and ξt = 1.46 ± 0.03 km s-1, for α Cen A, and T_eff = (5316 ± 28) K, [Fe/H] = +0.25 ± 0.04, log g = 4.44 ± 0.15, and ξt = 1.28 ± 0.15 km s^-1 for α Cen B. The parameters were derived from the simultaneous excitation & ionization equilibria of Fe I and Fe II lines. T_effs were also obtained by fitting theoretical profiles to the Hα line and from photometric calibrations. Conclusions: We reached good agreement between the three criteria for α Cen A. For α Cen B the spectroscopic T_eff is ~140 K higher than the other two determinations. We discuss possible origins of this inconsistency, concluding that the presence of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium effects is a probable candidate, but we note that there is as yet no consensus on the existence and cause of an offset between the spectroscopic and photometric T_eff scales of cool dwarfs. The spectroscopic surface gravities also agree with those derived from directly measured masses and radii. An average of three independent T_eff criteria leads to T_eff (A) = (5824 ± 26) K and T_eff (B) = (5223 ± 62) K. The abundances of Na, Mg, Si, Mn, Co, and Ni and, possibly, Cu are significantly enriched in the system, which also seems to be deficient in Y and Ba. This abundance pattern can be deemed normal in the context of recent data on metal-rich stars. The position of α Cen A in an up-to-date theoretical evolutionary diagram yields a good match of the evolutionary mass and age (in the 4.5 to 5.3 Gyr range) with those from the dynamical solution and seismology, but only marginal agreement for α Cen B, taking into account its more uncertain T_eff. Based on observations collected at Observatório do Pico dos Dias (OPD), operated by the Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica, CNPq, Brazil. Table 2 is only available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org

  9. Satisfaction With Appearance Scale-SWAP: Adaptation and validation for Brazilian burn victims.

    PubMed

    Caltran, Marina P; Freitas, Noélle O; Dantas, Rosana A S; Farina, Jayme Adriano; Rossi, Lidia A

    2016-09-01

    Methodological study that aimed to adapt the Satisfaction with Appearance Scale (SWAP) into Brazilian Portuguese language and to assess the validity, the reliability and the dimensionality of the adapted version in a sample of Brazilian burn victims. We carried out the adaptation process according to the international literature. Construct validity was assessed by correlating the adapted version of SWAP scores with depression (Beck Depression Index), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), health-related quality of Life (Short Form Health Survey-36) and health status of burn victims (Burn Specific Health Scale-Revised), and with gender, total body surface area burned, and visibility of the scars. We tested dimensionality using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and the reliability by means of Cronbach's alpha. Participants were 106 adult burned patients. The correlations between the Brazilian version of the SWAP scores and the correlated construct measures varied from moderate to strong (r=.30-.77). The participants who perceived their burn sequelae was visible reported being more dissatisfied with their body image than the participants who answered that their scars would not be visible (p<.001). Cronbach's alpha for the adapted version was 0.88 and the item-total correlation varied from moderate to strong (r=.35-.73). The EFA resulted in three factors with a total explained variance percentage of 63.2%. The Brazilian version of the SWAP was valid and reliable for use with Brazilian burn victims. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.

  10. Considerable improvement of entanglement swapping by considering multiphoton transitions via cavity quantum electrodynamics method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pakniat, R.; Soltani, M.; Tavassoly, M. K.

    2018-03-01

    Recently we studied the effect of photon addition in the initial coherent field on the entanglement swapping which causes some improvements in the process [Soltani et al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 31, 1750198 (2017)]. In this paper, we investigate the influence of multiphoton transitions in the atom-field interaction based on the cavity quantum electrodynamics on the entanglement swapping and show its considerable constructive effect on this process. The presented model consists of two two-level atoms namely A1 and A2 and two distinct cavity fields F1 and F2. Initially, the atoms are prepared in a maximally entangled state and the fields in the cavities are prepared in hybrid entangled state of number and coherent states, separately. Making the atom A2 to interact with the field F1 (via the generalized Jaynes-Cummings model which allows m-photon transitions between atomic levels in the emission and absorption processes) followed by their detection allows us to arrive at the entanglement swapping from the two atoms A1, A2 and the two fields F1, F2 to the atom-field A1-F2 system. Then, we pay our attention to the time evolution of success probability of detecting processes and fidelity. Also, to determine the amount of entanglement of the generated entangled state in the swapping process, the linear entropy is evaluated and the effect of parameter m concerning the multiphoton transitions on these quantities is investigated, numerically. It is observed that, by increasing the number of photons in the transition process, one may obtain considerable improvement in the relevant quantities of the entanglement swapping. In detail, the satisfactorily acceptable values 1 and 0.5 corresponding to success probability and fidelity are obtained for most of the times during observing of the above-mentioned procedure. We concluded that the presented formalism in this paper is much more advantageous than our presentation model in our earlier work mentioned above.

  11. Reducing Size, Weight, and Power (SWaP) of Perception Systems in Small Autonomous Aerial Systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Jones, Kennie H.; Gross, Jason

    2014-01-01

    The objectives are to examine recent trends in the reduction of size, weight, and power (SWaP) requirements of sensor systems for environmental perception and to explore new technology that may overcome limitations in current systems. Improving perception systems to facilitate situation awareness is critical in the move to introduce increasing autonomy in aerial systems. Whether the autonomy is in the current state-of-the-art of increasing automation or is enabling cognitive decisions that facilitate adaptive behavior, collection of environmental information and fusion of that information into knowledge that can direct actuation is imperative to decisions resulting in appropriate behavior. Artificial sensory systems such as cameras, radar, LIDAR, and acoustic sensors have been in use on aircraft for many years but, due to the large size and weight of the airplane and electrical power made available through powerful engines, the SWaP requirements of these sensors was inconsequential. With the proliferation of Remote Piloted Vehicles (RPV), the trend is in significant reduction in SWaP of the vehicles. This requires at least an equivalent reduction in SWaP for the sensory systems. A survey of some currently available sensor systems and changing technology will reveal the trend toward reduction of SWaP of these systems and will predict future reductions. A new technology will be introduced that provides an example of a desirable new trend. A new device replaces multiple conventional sensory devices facilitating synchronization, localization, altimetry, collision avoidance, terrain mapping, and data communication in a single integrated, small form-factor, extremely lightweight, and low power device that it is practical for integration into small autonomous vehicles and can facilitate cooperative behavior. The technology is based on Ultra WideBand (UWB) radio using short pulses of energy rather than continuous sine waves. The characteristics of UWB yield several desirable characteristics to facilitate integration of perception for autonomous activities. The capabilities of this device and its limitations will be assessed.

  12. Communications: Complete description of re-entrant phase behavior in a charge variable colloidal model system.

    PubMed

    Wette, Patrick; Klassen, Ina; Holland-Moritz, Dirk; Herlach, Dieter M; Schöpe, Hans Joachim; Lorenz, Nina; Reiber, Holger; Palberg, Thomas; Roth, Stephan V

    2010-04-07

    In titration experiments with NaOH, we have determined the full phase diagram of charged colloidal spheres in dependence on the particle density n, the particle effective charge Z(eff) and the concentration of screening electrolyte c using microscopy, light and ultrasmall angle x-ray scattering (USAXS). For sufficiently large n, the system crystallizes upon increasing Z(eff) at constant c and melts upon increasing c at only slightly altered Z(eff). In contrast to earlier work, equilibrium phase boundaries are consistent with a universal melting line prediction from computer simulation, if the elasticity effective charge is used. This charge accounts for both counterion condensation and many-body effects.

  13. Effective temperature in relaxation of Coulomb glasses.

    PubMed

    Somoza, A M; Ortuño, M; Caravaca, M; Pollak, M

    2008-08-01

    We study relaxation in two-dimensional Coulomb glasses up to macroscopic times. We use a kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm especially designed to escape efficiently from deep valleys around metastable states. We find that, during the relaxation process, the site occupancy follows a Fermi-Dirac distribution with an effective temperature much higher than the real temperature T. Long electron-hole excitations are characterized by T(eff), while short ones are thermalized at T. We argue that the density of states at the Fermi level is proportional to T(eff) and is a good thermometer to measure it. T(eff) decreases extremely slowly, roughly as the inverse of the logarithm of time, and it should affect hopping conductance in many experimental circumstances.

  14. SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY: SBH adjustment characteristic of the dopant segregation process for NiSi/n-Si SJDs

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Haiping, Shang; Qiuxia, Xu

    2010-05-01

    By means of analyzing the I-V characteristic curve of NiSi/n-Si Schottky junction diodes (NiSi/n-Si SJDs), abstracting the effective Schottky barrier height (varphiB, eff) and the ideal factor of NiSi/n-Si SJDs and measuring the sheet resistance of NiSi films (RNiSi), we study the effects of different dopant segregation process parameters, including impurity implantation dose, segregation annealing temperature and segregation annealing time, on the varphiB, eff of NiSi/n-Si SJDs and the resistance characteristic of NiSi films. In addition, the changing rules of varphiB, eff and RNiSi are discussed.

  15. 76 FR 8919 - Airworthiness Directives; DASSAULT AVIATION Model MYSTERE-FALCON 50 Airplanes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-16

    ... of the emergency brake system 2 located near the nose landing gear bearing were swapped. The swapping of these two pipes implies that when the Left Hand (LH) brake pedal is depressed, the Right Hand (RH) brake unit is activated, and conversely, when the RH brake pedal is depressed, the LH brake unit is...

  16. 76 FR 27880 - Airworthiness Directives; DASSAULT AVIATION Model MYSTERE-FALCON 50 Airplanes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-13

    ... pipes of the emergency brake system 2 located near the nose landing gear bearing were swapped. The swapping of these two pipes implies that when the Left Hand (LH) brake pedal is depressed, the Right Hand (RH) brake unit is activated, and conversely, when the RH brake pedal is depressed, the LH brake unit...

  17. 17 CFR 151.5 - Bona fide hedging and other exemptions for Referenced Contracts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... or anticipated unfilled storage capacity owned or leased by the same person during the period of... representation shall be retained by the parties to the swap for a period of at least two years following the... representation for a period of at least two years following the expiration of the swap. (j) Financial distress...

  18. 17 CFR 151.5 - Bona fide hedging and other exemptions for Referenced Contracts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... or anticipated unfilled storage capacity owned or leased by the same person during the period of... representation shall be retained by the parties to the swap for a period of at least two years following the... representation for a period of at least two years following the expiration of the swap. (j) Financial distress...

  19. 17 CFR 151.5 - Bona fide hedging and other exemptions for Referenced Contracts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... or anticipated unfilled storage capacity owned or leased by the same person during the period of... representation shall be retained by the parties to the swap for a period of at least two years following the... representation for a period of at least two years following the expiration of the swap. (j) Financial distress...

  20. 78 FR 67207 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-08

    ... Change Related to the Reference Rate for Singapore Dollar Denominated Interest Rate Swaps November 4... reference rate for Singapore Dollar (``SGD'') denominated interest rate swaps (``IRS''). II. Self-Regulatory... this notice to solicit comments on the proposed rule change from interested persons. \\1\\ 15 U.S.C. 78s...

  1. 17 CFR 151.11 - Designated contract market and swap execution facility position limits and accountability rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    .... (a) Spot-month limits. (1) For all Referenced Contracts executed pursuant to their rules, swap..., establish rules and procedures for monitoring and enforcing spot-month position limits set at levels no... monitoring and enforcing spot-month position limits set at levels no greater than 25 percent of estimated...

  2. 77 FR 41260 - Second Amendment to July 14, 2011 Order for Swap Regulation

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-13

    ... herein; and removes any reference to the exempt commercial market (``ECM'') and exempt board of trade... transacted on either an ECM or EBOT to include transactions in agricultural commodities. \\7\\ Amendment to... agricultural swaps to be entered into or executed on an ECM or EBOT. The Commission noted that ECMs and EBOTs...

  3. 76 FR 2287 - Security-Based Swap Data Repository Registration, Duties, and Core Principles; Correction

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-13

    ... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 17 CFR Parts 240 and 249 [Release No. 34-63347; File No. S7-35-10] RIN 3235-AK79 Security-Based Swap Data Repository Registration, Duties, and Core Principles; Correction Correction In proposed rule document C1-2010-29719 beginning on page 79320 in the issue of...

  4. 75 FR 79320 - Security-Based Swap Data Repository Registration, Duties, and Core Principles

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-20

    ... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 17 CFR Parts 240 and 249 [Release No. 34-63347; File No. S7-35-10] RIN 3235-AK79 Security-Based Swap Data Repository Registration, Duties, and Core Principles Correction In proposed rule document 2010-29719 beginning on page 77306 in the issue of December 10, 2010...

  5. 78 FR 17 - Business Conduct and Documentation Requirements for Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-02

    ... submit your comments using only one method. All comments must be submitted in English, or if not, accompanied by an English translation. Comments will be posted as received to www.cftc.gov . You should submit...-based solution to automate the information-gathering process and provide sharing of submitted data and...

  6. 75 FR 71530 - Airworthiness Directives; DASSAULT AVIATION Model MYSTERE-FALCON 50 Airplanes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-24

    ... because this unsafe condition could result in a high speed runway excursion when the brakes are applied... pipes of the emergency brake system 2 located near the nose landing gear bearing were swapped. The swapping of these two pipes implies that when the Left Hand (LH) brake pedal is depressed, the Right Hand...

  7. 77 FR 3027 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.; Notice of Filing...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-20

    ... security-based swaps. The new legislation was intended among other things to enhance the authority of... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-66156; File No. SR-FINRA-2012-004] Self... (Application of Rules to Security-Based Swaps) January 13, 2012. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities...

  8. 17 CFR 45.14 - Reporting of errors and omissions in previously reported data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... Commission, or by the Chief Information Officer pursuant to § 45.13, a swap data repository shall transmit... in paragraph (a) of this section. (c) Unless otherwise approved by the Commission, or by the Chief Information Officer pursuant to § 45.13, each registered entity or swap counterparty reporting corrections to...

  9. 17 CFR 45.14 - Reporting of errors and omissions in previously reported data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... Commission, or by the Chief Information Officer pursuant to § 45.13, a swap data repository shall transmit... in paragraph (a) of this section. (c) Unless otherwise approved by the Commission, or by the Chief Information Officer pursuant to § 45.13, each registered entity or swap counterparty reporting corrections to...

  10. 17 CFR 45.14 - Reporting of errors and omissions in previously reported data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... Commission, or by the Chief Information Officer pursuant to § 45.13, a swap data repository shall transmit... in paragraph (a) of this section. (c) Unless otherwise approved by the Commission, or by the Chief Information Officer pursuant to § 45.13, each registered entity or swap counterparty reporting corrections to...

  11. 17 CFR 240.3a69-3 - Books and records requirements for security-based swap agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Books and records requirements... § 240.3a69-3 Books and records requirements for security-based swap agreements. (a) A person registered... and regulations thereunder: (1) Shall not be required to keep and maintain additional books and...

  12. 17 CFR 240.3a69-3 - Books and records requirements for security-based swap agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Books and records requirements... § 240.3a69-3 Books and records requirements for security-based swap agreements. (a) A person registered... and regulations thereunder: (1) Shall not be required to keep and maintain additional books and...

  13. Spin Hall and Spin Swapping Torques in Diffusive Ferromagnets

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pauyac, Christian Ortiz; Chshiev, Mairbek; Manchon, Aurelien; Nikolaev, Sergey A.

    2018-04-01

    A complete set of the generalized drift-diffusion equations for a coupled charge and spin dynamics in ferromagnets in the presence of extrinsic spin-orbit coupling is derived from the quantum kinetic approach, covering major transport phenomena, such as the spin and anomalous Hall effects, spin swapping, spin precession, and relaxation processes. We argue that the spin swapping effect in ferromagnets is enhanced due to spin polarization, while the overall spin texture induced by the interplay of spin-orbital and spin precession effects displays a complex spatial dependence that can be exploited to generate torques and nucleate or propagate domain walls in centrosymmetric geometries without the use of external polarizers, as opposed to the conventional understanding of spin-orbit mediated torques.

  14. Clausius inequality beyond the weak-coupling limit: the quantum Brownian oscillator.

    PubMed

    Kim, Ilki; Mahler, Günter

    2010-01-01

    We consider a quantum linear oscillator coupled at an arbitrary strength to a bath at an arbitrary temperature. We find an exact closed expression for the oscillator density operator. This state is noncanonical but can be shown to be equivalent to that of an uncoupled linear oscillator at an effective temperature T*(eff) with an effective mass and an effective spring constant. We derive an effective Clausius inequality deltaQ*(eff)< or =T*(eff)dS , where deltaQ*(eff) is the heat exchanged between the effective (weakly coupled) oscillator and the bath, and S represents a thermal entropy of the effective oscillator, being identical to the von-Neumann entropy of the coupled oscillator. Using this inequality (for a cyclic process in terms of a variation of the coupling strength) we confirm the validity of the second law. For a fixed coupling strength this inequality can also be tested for a process in terms of a variation of either the oscillator mass or its spring constant. Then it is never violated. The properly defined Clausius inequality is thus more robust than assumed previously.

  15. Non-nuclear Testing of Reactor Systems in the Early Flight Fission Test Facilities (EFF-TF)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    VanDyke, Melissa; Martin, James

    2004-01-01

    The Early Flight Fission-Test Facility (EFF-TF) can assist in the &sign and development of systems through highly effective non-nuclear testing of nuclear systems when technical issues associated with near-term space fission systems are "non-nuclear" in nature (e.g. system s nuclear operations are understood). For many systems. thermal simulators can he used to closely mimic fission heat deposition. Axial power profile, radial power profile. and fuel pin thermal conductivity can be matched. In addition to component and subsystem testing, operational and lifetime issues associated with the steady state and transient performance of the integrated reactor module can be investigated. Instrumentation at the EFF-TF allows accurate measurement of temperature, pressure, strain, and bulk core deformation (useful for accurately simulating nuclear behavior). Ongoing research at the EFF-TF is geared towards facilitating research, development, system integration, and system utilization via cooperative efforts with DOE laboratories, industry, universities, and other NASA centers. This paper describes the current efforts for the latter portion of 2003 and beginning of 2004.

  16. Estimating the top altitude of optically thick ice clouds from thermal infrared satellite observations using CALIPSO data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Minnis, Patrick; Yost, Chris R.; Sun-Mack, Sunny; Chen, Yan

    2008-06-01

    The difference between cloud-top altitude Z top and infrared effective radiating height Z eff for optically thick ice clouds is examined using April 2007 data taken by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) and the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). For even days, the difference ΔZ between CALIPSO Z top and MODIS Z eff is 1.58 +/- 1.26 km. The linear fit between Z top and Z eff , applied to odd-day data, yields a difference of 0.03 +/- 1.21 km and can be used to estimate Z top from any infrared-based Z eff for thick ice clouds. Random errors appear to be due primarily to variations in cloud ice-water content (IWC). Radiative transfer calculations show that ΔZ corresponds to an optical depth of ~1, which based on observed ice-particle sizes yields an average cloud-top IWC of ~0.015 gm-3, a value consistent with in situ measurements. The analysis indicates potential for deriving cloud-top IWC using dual-satellite data.

  17. Dynamics of Single Chains of Suspended Ferrofluid Particles

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Cutillas, S.; Liu, J.

    1999-01-01

    We present an experimental study of the dynamics of isolated chains made of super-paramagnetic particles under the influence of a magnetic field. The motivation of this work is to understand if the chain fluctuations exist and, if it does, how does the fluctuation affect chain aggregation. We find that single chains strongly fluctuate and that the characteristic frequency of their fluctuations is inversely proportional to the magnetic field strength. The higher the field the lower the characteristic frequency of the chain fluctuations. In the high magnetic field limit, chains behave like rigid rods without any internal motions. In this work, we used ferrofluid particles suspended in water. These particles do not have any intrinsic magnetization. Once a magnetic field is applied, a dipole moment is induced in each particle, proportional to the magnetic field. A dipolar magnetic interaction then occurs between particles. If dipole-dipole magnetic energy is higher than the thermal energy, the result is a structure change inside the dipolar fluid. The ratio of these two energies is expressed by a coupling constant lambda as: lambda = (pi(a(exp 3))(chi(exp 2))(mu(sub 0))(H(sub 0))(exp 2))/18kT Where a is the particle radius, mu(sub 0) is the vacuum magnetic permeability, H(sub 0) the applied magnetic field, k the Boltzmann constant and T the absolute temperature. If lambda > 1, magnetic particles form chains along the field direction. The lateral coalescence of several chains may form bigger aggregates especially if the particle volume fraction is high. While many studies and applications deal with the rheological properties and the structural changes of these dipolar fluids, this work focuses on the understanding of the chain dynamics. In order to probe the chain dynamics, we used dynamic light scattering (DLS) in self-beating mode as our experimental technique. The experimental geometry is such that the scattering plane is perpendicular to the magnetic field. Therefore, only motions in this plane are probed. A very dilute sample of a ferrofluid emulsion with a particle volume fraction of 10(exp -5) is used in this experiment. We chose such a low volume fraction to avoid multiple light scattering as well as lateral chain-chain aggregation. DLS measures the dynamic structure factor S(q,t) of the sample (q is the scattering wave vector, t is the time). In the absence of the magnetic field, identical particles of ferrofluid droplets are randomly distributed and S(q,t) reduces to exp(-q(exp 2)2D(sub 0)t). D(sub 0)=(kT/(6(pi)(eta)(a)) is the diffusion coefficient of Brownian particles (where Xi = (6(pi)(eta)(a)) is the Stokes frictional coefficient of a spherical particle in a fluid of viscosity eta). If interactions or polydispersity can not be ignored, an effective diffusion coefficient is introduced. Formally, D(sub eff) is defined as: D(sub eff) = - q(exp -2) partial derivative of (ln(S(q,t)) with respect to time, as t goes to 0. D(sub eff) reduces to D(sub 0) if no interactions and only a few particles size are present. Therefore, we can use DLS to measure particle size. The particle radius was found to be a=0.23 mu m with 7% of polydispersity. In this case, if we vary the scattering angle theta (and so q) we do not have any change in the measured diffusion coefficient: it is q-independent. When a magnetic field is applied, particles aggregate into chains if lambda > 1. We first studied the kinetics of the chain formation when lambda = 406. At a fixed scattering angle, we measured diffusion coefficient D(sub eff) as a function of time. Experimentally, we find that D(sub eff) decreases monotonously with time. Physically, this means that chains are becoming longer and longer. Since we are only sensitive to motions in the scattering plane and since chains have their main axis perpendicular to this plane, the measured diffusion coefficient is the trans-verse diffusion coefficient. We can relate D(sub eff) to the mean number of particles per chain N(t) at a given time and to the diffusion coefficient of an isolated particle D(sub 0) as D(sub eff)=f(N(t))D(sub 0). Since f(N) is known from other recent work, N can be expressed as a function of the time. We found a square root dependency: N(t) proportional to the square root of t. As expected for very low volume fraction, this behavior is characteristic of a diffusion-limited aggregation as suggested by several authors and by our previous work. In this study, we focus on the dependence of the effective diffusion coefficient on the scattering angle and the magnetic field strength. After the magnetic field is applied (lambda = 406) for a long time, typically 6 hours, kinetics of chain formation becomes very slow. Chain size does not vary much over the next hour period. Thus, we can perform different interesting experiments. First, at a fixed magnetic field, we measure the effective diffusion coefficient as a function of the scattering angle (from 5 to 130 deg). Our results show that the measured diffusion coefficient increases linearly with the scattering angle: D(sub eff) proportional to q. If we do the same experiment for different lambda values, D(sub eff) depends on lambda as D(sub eff) proportional to lambda(exp -1/2). We also find for different lambda values that the same asymptotic D(sub eff) value is obtained when q approaches zero. The angle dependency of D(sub eff) suggests that an additional motion exists besides chain drifting. Chain size is constant during experiment, which was verified by measuring the same diffusion coefficient at the beginning and at the end of the angle switching. If chains are rigid, D(sub eff) is independent of q. Therefore, we found that D(sub eff) not only measures the motion of the entire chain but also its internal fluctuations. These internal motions are the fluctuations of the particles in the chain. To understand the q dependency of D(sub eff), let us look at the probing length used. In our study, the characteristic length scale probed is l=2pi/q which is in the range of 0.9

  18. Single-shot Z eff dense plasma diagnostic through simultaneous refraction and attenuation measurements with a Talbot–Lau x-ray moiré deflectometer

    DOE PAGES

    Valdivia, M. P.; Stutman, D.; Finkenthal, M.

    2015-03-23

    The Talbot–Lau x-ray moiré deflectometer is a powerful plasma diagnostic capable of delivering simultaneous refraction and attenuation information through the accurate detection of x-ray phase shift and intensity. The diagnostic can provide the index of refraction n=1₋δ + iβ of an object (dense plasma, for example) placed in the x-ray beam by independently measuring both δ and β, which are directly related to the electron density n e and the attenuation coefficient μ respectively. Since δ and β depend on the effective atomic number Z eff, a map can be obtained from the ratio between phase and absorption images acquiredmore » in a single shot. The Talbot–Lau x-ray moiré deflectometer and its corresponding data acquisition and processing are briefly described to illustrate how the above is achieved; Z eff values of test objects within the 4₋12 range were obtained experimentally through simultaneous refraction and attenuation measurements. We show that Z eff mapping of objects does not require previous knowledge of sample length or shape. In conclusion, the determination of Z eff from refraction and attenuation measurements with moiré deflectometry could be of high interest to various domains of high energy density research, such as shocked materials and inertial confinement fusion experiments, as well as material science and nondestructive testing.« less

  19. Seeking sterile neutrinos in Finslerian cosmology

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Deng; Meng, Xin-He

    2017-11-01

    For the first time, to search for sterile neutrinos in the framework of Finler geometry, we constrain four cosmological models using the most stringent constraint we can provide so far. We find that the Finslerian massless sterile neutrino model can, respectively, give a better cosmological fit to data and alleviate the current H_0 tension more effectively than the other three models. For the Finslerian massless sterile neutrino model, we obtain the constraint N_eff=3.237^{+0.092}_{-0.185}, which is consistent with Δ N_eff > 0 at the 1.03σ confidence level (CL). This gives a very weak hint of massless sterile neutrinos and may imply the non-existence of massless sterile neutrinos in the Finslerian cosmological setting. For the Finslerian massive sterile neutrino model, we obtain the constraints N_eff=3.143^{+0.064}_{-0.066}, which favors Δ N_eff > 0 at the 1.47σ CL, and m_{ν , sterile}^eff < 0.121 eV at the 2σ CL which is much tighter than the Planck results. This very tight restriction appears to indicate the massive sterile neutrinos are also non-existent in the Finslerian scenarios. Consequently, one may conclude that the sterile neutrinos are possibly non-existent in the Finslerian universe. Our results are compatible with the recent results of the neutrino oscillation experiments implemented by the Daya Bay and MINOS collaborations and the cosmic ray one carried out by the IceCube collaboration.

  20. The utility of rat jejunal permeability for biopharmaceutics classification system.

    PubMed

    Zakeri-Milani, Parvin; Valizadeh, Hadi; Tajerzadeh, Hosnieh; Islambulchilar, Ziba

    2009-12-01

    The biopharmaceutical classification system has been developed to provide a scientific approach for classifying drug compounds based on their dose/solubility ratio and human intestinal permeability. Therefore in this study a new classification is presented, which is based on a correlation between rat and human intestinal permeability values. In situ technique in rat jejunum was used to determine the effective intestinal permeability of tested drugs. Then three dimensionless parameters--dose number, absorption number, and dissolution number (D(o), A(n), and D(n))--were calculated for each drug. Four classes of drugs were defined, that is, class I, D(0) < 0.5, P(eff(rat)) > 5.09 x 10(-5) cm/s; class II, D(o) > 1, P(eff(rat)) > 5.09 x 10( -5) cm/s; class III, D(0) < 0.5, P(eff(rat)) < 4.2 x 10(-5) cm/s; and class IV, D(o) > 1, P(eff(rat)) < 4.2 x 10(-5) cm/s. A region of borderline drugs (0.5 < D(o) < 1, 4.2 x 10(-5) < P(eff(rat)) < 5.09 x 10(-5) cm/s) was also defined. According to obtained results and proposed classification for drugs, it is concluded that drugs could be categorized correctly based on dose number and their intestinal permeability values in rat model using single-pass intestinal perfusion technique. This classification enables us to remark defined characteristics for intestinal absorption of all four classes using suitable cutoff points for both dose number and rat effective intestinal permeability values.

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