Towards a Worldwide Library: A Ten Year Forecast. Proceedings of the International Essen Symposium (19th, Essen, Germany, September 23-26, 1996). Publications of Essen University Library, No. 21.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Helal, Ahmed H., Ed.; Weiss, Joachim W., Ed.

The 25 papers presented at this symposium focus on the future of libraries and library services in an ever evolving Information Age. The papers deal with topics such as: economic and political issues in determining the future of the professionally managed library; adding value to library services; the need for librarians and library educators who…

Women in Librarianship: Melvil's Rib Symposium.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Myers, Margaret, Ed.; Scarborough, Mayra, Ed.

In April 1973, the Graduate School of Library Service Alumni Association and the Graduate School of Library Service at Rutgers University jointly sponsored a symposium on the position of women in the library profession. Three major presentations, and the discussions which followed, dealt with various aspects of this issue. The first presentation,…

AutoClickChem: click chemistry in silico.

PubMed

Durrant, Jacob D; McCammon, J Andrew

2012-01-01

Academic researchers and many in industry often lack the financial resources available to scientists working in "big pharma." High costs include those associated with high-throughput screening and chemical synthesis. In order to address these challenges, many researchers have in part turned to alternate methodologies. Virtual screening, for example, often substitutes for high-throughput screening, and click chemistry ensures that chemical synthesis is fast, cheap, and comparatively easy. Though both in silico screening and click chemistry seek to make drug discovery more feasible, it is not yet routine to couple these two methodologies. We here present a novel computer algorithm, called AutoClickChem, capable of performing many click-chemistry reactions in silico. AutoClickChem can be used to produce large combinatorial libraries of compound models for use in virtual screens. As the compounds of these libraries are constructed according to the reactions of click chemistry, they can be easily synthesized for subsequent testing in biochemical assays. Additionally, in silico modeling of click-chemistry products may prove useful in rational drug design and drug optimization. AutoClickChem is based on the pymolecule toolbox, a framework that may facilitate the development of future python-based programs that require the manipulation of molecular models. Both the pymolecule toolbox and AutoClickChem are released under the GNU General Public License version 3 and are available for download from http://autoclickchem.ucsd.edu.

AutoClickChem: Click Chemistry in Silico

PubMed Central

Durrant, Jacob D.; McCammon, J. Andrew

2012-01-01

Academic researchers and many in industry often lack the financial resources available to scientists working in “big pharma.” High costs include those associated with high-throughput screening and chemical synthesis. In order to address these challenges, many researchers have in part turned to alternate methodologies. Virtual screening, for example, often substitutes for high-throughput screening, and click chemistry ensures that chemical synthesis is fast, cheap, and comparatively easy. Though both in silico screening and click chemistry seek to make drug discovery more feasible, it is not yet routine to couple these two methodologies. We here present a novel computer algorithm, called AutoClickChem, capable of performing many click-chemistry reactions in silico. AutoClickChem can be used to produce large combinatorial libraries of compound models for use in virtual screens. As the compounds of these libraries are constructed according to the reactions of click chemistry, they can be easily synthesized for subsequent testing in biochemical assays. Additionally, in silico modeling of click-chemistry products may prove useful in rational drug design and drug optimization. AutoClickChem is based on the pymolecule toolbox, a framework that may facilitate the development of future python-based programs that require the manipulation of molecular models. Both the pymolecule toolbox and AutoClickChem are released under the GNU General Public License version 3 and are available for download from http://autoclickchem.ucsd.edu. PMID:22438795

Betty Petersen Memorial Library

Science.gov Websites

NOAA logo - Click to go to the NOAA homepage Betty Petersen Memorial Library NOAA Library Logo / NOAA Central Library Betty Petersen Memorial Library 5830 University Research Court Room 1650, E / OC4

Your Starting Guide To Childhood Apraxia of Speech

MedlinePlus

... About Apraxia Apraxia-KIDS Library Family Start Guide SLP Start Guide Apraxia Information Downloads Research Symposium Videos ... About Apraxia Apraxia-KIDS Library Family Start Guide SLP Start Guide Research Symposium Videos On-Demand Webinars ...

University of Maryland Research Affiliate

Science.gov Websites

NOAA logo - Click to go to the NOAA homepage Betty Petersen Memorial Library NOAA Library Logo login! DOC/ NOAA/ NOAA Central Library Betty Petersen Memorial Library 5830 University Research Court

Libraries and the Search for Academic Excellence. Proceedings of the Arden House Symposium (New York, New York, March 15-17, 1987).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

1987

In the introductory paper Patricia Senn Breivik provides background information on and an overview of a national symposium. This introduction is followed by the full text of nine papers presented at the symposium: (1) "The Academic Library and Education for Leadership" (Major R. Owens, U.S. House of Representatives); (2) "Academic…

Betty Petersen Memorial Library

Science.gov Websites

NOAA logo - Click to go to the NOAA homepage Betty Petersen Memorial Library NOAA Library Logo ... library image Betty Petersen Memorial Library is a branch of the NOAA Central Library jointly funded by / NOAA Central Library Betty Petersen Memorial Library 5830 University Research Court Room 1650, E / OC4

Betty Petersen Memorial Library - NCWCP Publications - NWS

Science.gov Websites

NOAA logo - Click to go to the NOAA homepage Betty Petersen Memorial Library NOAA Library Logo Memorial Library 5830 University Research Court Room 1650, E / OC4 College Park, Maryland 20740 BPML

Cocaine

MedlinePlus

... confidencial Press Room » Multi-Media Library » Image Gallery » Cocaine COCAINE To Save Images: First click on the thumbnail ... your Save in directory and then click Save. Cocaine Crack Cocaine RESOURCE CENTER Controlled Substances Act DEA ...

The National Library of Medicine's 2004 "Symposium on community-based health information outreach". Introduction.

PubMed

Peay, Wayne J; Rockoff, Maxine L

2005-10-01

This paper introduces the special supplement to the Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA) that documents the proceedings of the "Symposium on Community-based Health Information Outreach" held on December 2 and 3, 2004, at the National Library of Medicine (NLM). The goal of the symposium was to explore new models of health information outreach that are emerging as technology dramatically changes the abilities of medical and health services libraries to provide resources and services beyond their traditional institutional boundaries, with particular concern for consumer health information outreach through community-based organizations. The symposium's primary objectives were to learn about successful and promising work that had already been done as well as to develop a vision for the future that could inform the NLM's next National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM) contract. Another objective was to review and assess the NLM's Strategic Plan to Reduce Health Disparities with special emphasis on Native Americans. The paper describes the background events and rationale that led to the NLM's decision to convene the symposium and summarizes the supplement's ten other papers, some of which were presented at the symposium and some of which were written afterward to capture the symposium's working sessions. The symposium convened approximately 150 invited participants with a wide variety of perspectives and experience. Sessions were held to present exemplary outreach projects, to review the NLM's Strategic Plan to Reduce Health Disparities, to summarize the research underpinnings for evaluating outreach projects, and to provide a futurist's perspective. A panel of community representatives gave voice to the participants in outreach projects, and sixteen posters describing outreach projects were available, many of them with community representatives on hand to explain the work. This JMLA supplement provides a comprehensive summary of the state of the art in community-based outreach and a jumping-off point for future outreach efforts.

Contact Information - Betty Petersen Memorial Library

Science.gov Websites

NOAA logo - Click to go to the NOAA homepage Betty Petersen Memorial Library NOAA Library Logo Center for Weather and Climate Prediction Betty Petersen Memorial Library 5830 University Research Court Send Comments DOC/ NOAA/ NOAA Central Library Betty Petersen Memorial Library 5830 University Research

The World Wide Web: A Web Even a Fly Would Love

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bryson, E.

Ever since my introduction to the World Wide Web (WWW), it's been love at first byte. Searching on the WWW is similar to being able to go to a public library and allow yourself to be transported to any other book or library around the world by looking at a reference or index and clicking your heels together like Dorothy did in "The Wizard of Oz", only the clicking is done with a computer mouse. During this presentation, we will explore the WWW protocols which allow clients and servers to communicate on the Internet. We will demonstrate the ease with which users can navigate the virtual tidal wave of information available with a mere click of a button. In addition, the workshop will discuss the revolutionary aspects of this network information system and how it's impacting our libraries as a primary mechanism for rapid dissemination of knowledge.

Symposium on Presidential Libraries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Relyea, Harold C.; And Others

1994-01-01

Includes five articles that discuss presidential libraries. Highlights include an overview of the development of the federal presidential library system; the Ronald Reagan library; the Richard Nixon library archives; access at the Gerald Ford library; and computerizing the Jimmy Carter library. (LRW)

Libraries and Electronic Publishing: Promises and Challenges for the 90's. Festschrift in Honor of Richard M. Dougherty. Proceedings of the International Essen Symposium (14th, Essen, Germany, October 14-17, 1991). Publications of Essen University Library, 14.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Helal, Ahmed H., Ed.; Weiss, Joachim W., Ed.

The goal of the Essen symposium was to bring together internationally recognized librarians and library automation specialists to discuss new developments in electronic publishing. All 16 papers included in this collection were presented at the conference: (1) "Barriers to the Introduction of New Technology" (J. Andrew Braid); (2)…

Library Networking: Current Problems and Future Prospects! Panel Discussion.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Resource Sharing and Information Networks, 1983

1983-01-01

Presents questions and answers from information networking panel discussion involving symposium speakers Barbara Markuson (Indiana Cooperative Library Services Authority), Frank Grisham (Southeastern Library Network), Laima Mockus (New England Library Information Network), Richard McCoy (Research Libraries Group), Rowland Brown (OCLC), and Toni…

Introduction*

PubMed Central

Peay, Wayne J.; Rockoff, Maxine L.

2005-01-01

Objectives: This paper introduces the special supplement to the Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA) that documents the proceedings of the “Symposium on Community-based Health Information Outreach” held on December 2 and 3, 2004, at the National Library of Medicine (NLM). The goal of the symposium was to explore new models of health information outreach that are emerging as technology dramatically changes the abilities of medical and health services libraries to provide resources and services beyond their traditional institutional boundaries, with particular concern for consumer health information outreach through community-based organizations. The symposium's primary objectives were to learn about successful and promising work that had already been done as well as to develop a vision for the future that could inform the NLM's next National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM) contract. Another objective was to review and assess the NLM's Strategic Plan to Reduce Health Disparities with special emphasis on Native Americans. Method: The paper describes the background events and rationale that led to the NLM's decision to convene the symposium and summarizes the supplement's ten other papers, some of which were presented at the symposium and some of which were written afterward to capture the symposium's working sessions. Results: The symposium convened approximately 150 invited participants with a wide variety of perspectives and experience. Sessions were held to present exemplary outreach projects, to review the NLM's Strategic Plan to Reduce Health Disparities, to summarize the research underpinnings for evaluating outreach projects, and to provide a futurist's perspective. A panel of community representatives gave voice to the participants in outreach projects, and sixteen posters describing outreach projects were available, many of them with community representatives on hand to explain the work. Implications: This JMLA supplement provides a comprehensive summary of the state of the art in community-based outreach and a jumping-off point for future outreach efforts. PMID:16437797

Regenerative biomaterials that "click": simple, aqueous-based protocols for hydrogel synthesis, surface immobilization, and 3D patterning.

PubMed

Nimmo, Chelsea M; Shoichet, Molly S

2011-11-16

The click chemistry era has generated a library of versatile "spring-loaded" reactions that offer high yields, regio- and stereospecificity, and outstanding functional group tolerance. These powerful transformations are particularly advantageous for the design of sophisticated biomaterials that require high levels of precision and control, namely, materials that promote tissue regeneration such as hydrogels, 2D functionalized substrates, and 3D biomimetic scaffolds. In this review, the synthesis and application of regenerative biomaterials via click chemistry are summarized. Particular emphasis is placed on the copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition, Diels-Alder cycloadditions, and thiol-click coupling.

Diversity-oriented synthesis of a library of substituted tetrahydropyrones using oxidative carbon-hydrogen bond activation and click chemistry.

PubMed

Zaware, Nilesh; Laporte, Matthew G; Farid, Ramy; Liu, Lei; Wipf, Peter; Floreancig, Paul E

2011-05-02

Eighteen (2RS,6RS)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(substituted ethyl)dihydro-2H-pyran-4(3H)ones were synthesized via a DDQ-mediated oxidative carbon-hydrogen bond activation reaction. Fourteen of these tetrahydropyrans were substituted with triazoles readily assembled via azide-alkyne click-chemistry reactions. Examples of a linked benzotriazole and pyrazole motif were also prepared. To complement the structural diversity, the alcohol substrates were obtained from stereoselective reductions of the tetrahydropyrone. This library provides rapid access to structurally diverse non-natural compounds to be screened against a variety of biological targets.

NOAA Photo Library - Sanctuaries

Science.gov Websites

whale tail The word sanctuary evokes images of a sacred place, a refuge from the dangers of the world images contained in the collection. Click on thumbnails to view larger images. ALBUMS Images are arranged by themes. Click on thumbnails to view larger images. Note that not all images are contained in the

NOAA Photo Library - NOAA's Ark/Animals Album

Science.gov Websites

options banner CATALOG View ALL images contained in the collection. Click on thumbnails to view larger images. ALBUMS Images are arranged by themes. Click on thumbnails to view larger images. Note that not all images are contained in the albums - select the above option to view ALL current images. NOAA's

The Audience for Children's Books. A Symposium Sponsored by the Center for the Book and the Children's Literature Center Held at the Library of Congress (Washington, DC, March 12-13, 1979). The Center for the Book Viewpoint Series No. 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

The product of a two-day symposium on children and children's books, this booklet features remarks of Elaine Moss, British author and critic, and Barbara Rollock, coordinator for children's services at the New York Public Library. Moss's speech discusses meeting children's need for books offering depth and involvement, while Rollock's talk…

The Paradoxes of Library Cooperation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dougherty, Richard M.; And Others

1972-01-01

Besides the main article by Richard Dougherty, this mini-symposium on library cooperation contains commentaries by Ralph Blasingame, Thomas J. Galvin, Ellsworth Mason, John F. Anderson and Robert S. Ake. (18 references) (NH)

Mass spectrometric screening of ligands with lower off-rate from a clicked-based pooled library.

PubMed

Arai, Satoshi; Hirosawa, Shota; Oguchi, Yusuke; Suzuki, Madoka; Murata, Atsushi; Ishiwata, Shin'ichi; Takeoka, Shinji

2012-08-13

This paper describes a convenient screening method using ion trap electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to classify ligands to a target molecule in terms of kinetic parameters. We demonstrate this method in the screening of ligands to a hexahistidine tag from a pooled library synthesized by click chemistry. The ion trap mass spectrometry analysis revealed that higher stabilities of ligand-target complexes in the gas phase were related to lower dissociation rate constants, i.e., off-rates in solution. Finally, we prepared a fluorescent probe utilizing the ligand with lowest off-rate and succeeded in performing single molecule observations of hexahistidine-tagged myosin V walking on actin filaments.

In situ click chemistry: a powerful means for lead discovery.

PubMed

Sharpless, K Barry; Manetsch, Roman

2006-11-01

Combinatorial chemistry and parallel synthesis are important and regularly applied tools for lead identification and optimisation, although they are often accompanied by challenges related to the efficiency of library synthesis and the purity of the compound library. In the last decade, novel means of lead discovery approaches have been investigated where the biological target is actively involved in the synthesis of its own inhibitory compound. These fragment-based approaches, also termed target-guided synthesis (TGS), show great promise in lead discovery applications by combining the synthesis and screening of libraries of low molecular weight compounds in a single step. Of all the TGS methods, the kinetically controlled variant is the least well known, but it has the potential to emerge as a reliable lead discovery method. The kinetically controlled TGS approach, termed in situ click chemistry, is discussed in this article.

78 FR 34091 - Sierrita Gas Pipeline LLC; Notice of Public Meeting for the Proposed Sierrita Pipeline Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-06

... Sierrita Pipeline Project right-of-way. The meeting is open to the public; however, the intent of the..., or on the FERC Web site at www.ferc.gov using the ``eLibrary'' link. Click on the eLibrary link...

Multimedia in German Libraries--Aspects of Cooperation and Integration.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cremer, Monika

This paper on multimedia in German libraries begins with an introduction to multimedia. Initiatives of the federal government and in the Laender (federal states) are then described, including: a 1997 symposium organized by the university library of Goettingen that presented several multimedia models developed in universities; the multimedia…

Perspectives on the Elimination of Graduate Programs in Library and Information Studies: A Symposium.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paris, Marion; And Others

1991-01-01

Presents six papers that offer perspectives on the subject of library school closings. Topics discussed include financial considerations; isolation of library schools within their university communities; unresponsive leadership; political issues; research productivity; the role of distance education; sources of institutional power, including…

Electronic Documents and Information: From Preservation to Access. Proceedings of the International Essen Symposium (18th, Essen, Germany, October 23-26, 1995). Publications of Essen University Library, No. 20.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Helal, Ahmed H., Ed.; Weiss, Joachim W., Ed.

The emphasis of this symposium was to examine national and international ways to preserve, access, and digitize human heritage and culture. Many internationally recognized librarians shared their experiences and ideas on that topic. The 19 papers presented at the symposium dealt with issues such as: the impact of new technologies on information…

Library links on medical school home pages.

PubMed

Thomas, Sheila L

2011-01-01

The purpose of this study was to assess the websites of American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC)-member medical schools for the presence of library links. Sixty-one percent (n = 92) of home pages of the 150 member schools of the AAMC contain library links. For the 58 home pages not offering such links, 50 provided a pathway of two or three clicks to a library link. The absence of library links on 39% of AAMC medical school home pages indicates that the designers of those pages did not consider the library to be a primary destination for their visitors.

Networks & Cooperation: An LJ Mini-Symposium

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trezza, Alphonse F.; And Others

1974-01-01

A collection of short essays by Alphonse Trezza, Edwin Beckerman, Albert De Caprio, Marilyn Gell, Ed Sayre, Elizabeth Hage, and Shirley Echelman on the development of library networks and the possible implications of the establishment of metropolitan library authorities.

CLR Academic Library Management Intern Program: A Symposium.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gwinn, Nancy E.; And Others

1980-01-01

A program to develop managers for academic and research libraries is reviewed through the eyes of eight participants. Former interns relate their experiences and impressions while in the program and its effect on their professional careers. (RAA)

The Ideas of Henry Jenkins and Libraries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Byron

2008-01-01

Henry Jenkins, director of the Comparative Media Studies Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and keynote speaker at the 2007 American Library Association's "Gaming, Learning and Libraries Symposium" in Chicago is a visionary leader in the areas of new media and media convergence. In a white paper on digital media and learning…

Training Presentation for NASA Civil Helicopter Safety Website

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Iseler, Laura

2002-01-01

NASA civil helicopter safety News & Updates include the following: Mar. 2002. The Air Medical Operations Survey has been completed! Check it out! Also accessible via the Mission pages under Air Medical Mission. Air Medical and Law Enforcement Mission pages have been added. They are accessible via the Mission pages. The Public Use, Personal, Offshore, Law Enforcement, External Load, Business and Gyro accident pages (accessable via the Mission page) have been updated. Feb. 2002. A Words of Wisdom section has been added. You can access it by clicking the Library button. A link to a Corporate Accident Response Plan has been added to the Accident page. The AMs, Aerial Application and Instruction accident pages (accessable via the Mission page) have been updated. Jan. 2002. A new searchable safety article database has been added. You can access it by clicking the Library button. The 2001 accident summaries have been updated and the statistics have been compiled - check it out by clicking the accident tab to the left. Dec. 2001. Please read the FAA Administrator's memo regarding the latest FBI warning. 3ee the FAA column - Fall 2001 Read it now!

76 FR 74781 - Sawgrass Storage LLC; Notice of Availability of the Environmental Assessment for the Proposed...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-01

... Affairs, at (866) 208-FERC, or on the FERC Web site ( http://www.ferc.gov ) using the eLibrary link. Click... Midcontinent Express Pipeline's interstate pipeline system; and appurtenant facilities. The FERC staff mailed... interested individuals and groups; newspapers and libraries in the project area; and parties to this...

MedlinePlus Tour

MedlinePlus

... captioning, click the CC button on the lower right-hand corner of the player. Video player keyboard shortcuts Transcript Welcome to MedlinePlus, the consumer health information website from the National Library of ...

Discussing the Issues: A Report on the 2013 Ivies + Access Services Symposium

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Andrew M.

2014-01-01

As access services emerges as a discrete discipline within the field of librarianship, opportunities for access services librarians to meet and discuss the issues facing today's libraries continue to grow. One annual meeting that has attracted less attention over the years is the Ivies + Access Services Symposium. Held at various member…

77 FR 62505 - Combined Notice of Filings #2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-15

...-2654-000. Applicants: World Digital Innovations. Description: World Digital Innovations submits tariff...Library system by clicking on the links or querying the docket number. Any person desiring to intervene or...

78 FR 23553 - Trunkline Gas Company, LLC; Notice of Availability of the Environmental Assessment for the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-19

... available for public viewing on the FERC's Web site ( www.ferc.gov ) using the eLibrary link. A limited... Affairs, at (866) 208-FERC, or on the FERC Web site ( www.ferc.gov ) using the eLibrary link. Click on the... systems and portions of compressor stations (CS) located in numerous counties in Illinois, Kentucky...

Opportunity 2000: Understanding and Serving Users in an Electronic Library. Proceedings of the International Essen Symposium (15th, Essen, Germany, October 12-15, 1992) To Commemorate the 20th Anniversary of the Essen University Library. Publications of Essen University Library 15.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Helal, Ahmed H., Ed.; Weiss, Joachim W., Ed.

Following a prefatory tribute to distinguished librarian Herbert S. White, this publication includes the following papers, mainly focused on user needs and library services in the electronic library age: "Information Technology, Users, and Intermediaries in the 21st Century: Some Observations and Predictions" (Herbert S. White);…

CuAAC click chemistry accelerates the discovery of novel chemical scaffolds as promising protein tyrosine phosphatases inhibitors.

PubMed

He, X-P; Xie, J; Tang, Y; Li, J; Chen, G-R

2012-01-01

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are crucial regulators for numerous biological processes in nature. The dysfunction and overexpression of many PTP members have been demonstrated to cause fatal human diseases such as cancers, diabetes, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases and autoimmune disorders. In the past decade, considerable efforts have been devoted to the production of PTPs inhibitors by both academia and the pharmaceutical industry. However, there are only limited drug candidates in clinical trials and no commercial drugs have been approved, implying that further efficient discovery of novel chemical entities competent for inhibition of the specific PTP target in vivo remains yet a challenge. In light of the click-chemistry paradigm which advocates the utilization of concise and selective carbon-heteroatom ligation reactions for the modular construction of useful compound libraries, the Cu(I)-catalyzed azidealkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) has fueled enormous energy into the modern drug discovery. Recently, this ingenious chemical ligation tool has also revealed efficacious and expeditious in establishing large combinatorial libraries for the acquisition of novel PTPs inhibitors with promising pharmacological profiles. We thus offer here a comprehensive review highlighting the development of PTPs inhibitors accelerated by the CuAAC click chemistry.

Electronic Access to Information: A New Service Paradigm. Proceedings from a Symposium (July 23-24, 1993, Palo Alto, California).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chiang, Win-Shin S., Ed.; Elkington, Nancy E., Ed.

The Research Libraries Group (RLG) hosted a symposium to explore opportunities for cooperative action--to take advantage of technology and to improve electronic access to information--particularly in the RLG context, and to develop strategies for making the most effective use of technology and electronic information in support of research and…

My Infinite Library.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gould, Warwick

2002-01-01

A literary scholar interacts with various other speakers at the Fleur Cowles "Fleur" Symposium 2000 (Austin, TX) and makes his own case for the necessity of physical materials that are always yielding new insights. He rues the apparent denigration of paper materials and the reduction of books even in research libraries and suggests that research…

Rare Book and Manuscript Libraries in the Twenty-First Century.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wendorf, Richard, Ed.

Revised versions of the talks presented at the symposium are presented here. A preliminary discussion paper opens the manuscript, exploring the implications of changing patterns in teaching, research, and scholarship, the new demands of the marketplace and libraries' resultant collection development, the changing technologies, future staffing,…

The evolution of rural outreach from Package Library to Grateful Med: introduction to the symposium

PubMed Central

Pifalo, Victoria

2000-01-01

Outreach is now a prevailing activity in health sciences libraries. As an introduction to a series of papers on current library outreach to rural communities, this paper traces the evolution of such activities by proponents in health sciences libraries from 1924 to 1992. Definitions of rural and outreach are followed by a consideration of the expanding audience groups. The evolution in approaches covers the package library and enhancements in extension service, library development, circuit librarianship, and self-service arrangements made possible by such programs as the Georgia Interactive Network (GaIN) and Grateful Med. PMID:11055301

Design and synthesis via click chemistry of 8,9-anhydroerythromycin A 6,9-hemiketal analogues with anti-MRSA and -VRE activity.

PubMed

Sugawara, Akihiro; Sunazuka, Toshiaki; Hirose, Tomoyasu; Nagai, Kenichiro; Yamaguchi, Yukie; Hanaki, Hideaki; Sharpless, K Barry; Omura, Satoshi

2007-11-15

An erythromycin analogue, 11,12-di-O-iso-butyryl-8,9-anhydroerythromycin A 6,9-hemiketal (1b), was found to be a potential anti-MRSA and anti-VRE agent. The use of copper catalyzed azide-acetylene cycloaddition, and click chemistry, readily provided 10 types of triazole analogues of 1b in good to nearly quantitative yield. Among the library, 5b exhibited activity against MRSA and VRE bacterial strains, representing more than twice the potency of 1b.

Developments in Microcomputing--Discovering New Opportunities for Libraries in the 1990s. Festschrift in Honour of Richard De Gennero. Papers presented at the International Essen Symposium (12th, Essen, West Germany, October 23-26, 1989).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Helal, Ahmed H., Ed.; Weiss, Joachim W., Ed.

The 16 papers in this collection explore the microcomputer revolution as it affects library information systems: (1) "HyperMedia/Multimedia Technology and New Opportunities for Libraries in the 1990s" (Ching-chih Chen); (2) "Use of CD-ROMs in West German Libraries" (David I. Raitt and Ching-chih Chen); (3) "Purposes of Interactive Optical Discs…

Educating Black Librarians. Papers from the 50th Anniversary Celebration of the School of Library and Information Sciences, North Carolina Central University.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Speller, Benjamin F., Jr., Ed.

This document assembles 16 papers given at a 1989 symposium in honor of the 50th anniversary of the School of Library and Information Sciences at North Carolina Central University, Durham (NCCU). The papers examine the past, present, and future of the participation of African Americans in the field of library and information service. Titles…

Information Technology and Library Management. Festschrift in Honour of Margaret Beckman. Papers Presented at the International Essen Symposium (13th, Essen, West Germany, October 22-25, 1990).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Helal, Ahmed H., Ed.; Weiss, Joachim W., Ed.

The 16 papers in this collection focus on the impact of new technologies on libraries and their managers: (1) "Has Technology Failed Us?" (Frederick W. Lancaster); (2) "The Wheel of Fortune: Academic Libraries. IT and the Re-emerging Past" (Alasdair Paterson); (3) "Management Strategies for Enhancing the Adoption of Technological Innovations"…

76 FR 43318 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-20

... Porterville, CA Roof Top Solor Project to be effective 7/14/2011. Filed Date: 07/13/2011. Accession Number... the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on the appropriate link in the above list. They are also...

77 FR 37394 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-21

...: Revisions to the Tariff Att Q to modify PJM's Credit Standards for Virtual Bids to be effective 8/8/2012.../12. The filings are accessible in the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on the links or...

Developing a Website Directory for Young People: A Case Study Using Graduate Students in Library and Information Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Irwin, Enid; Haycock, Ken

2008-01-01

KidsClick! is a web-based instructional resource designed for K-12. In 2006 it was transferred to the San Jose State School of Library and Information Science, and was subsequently refocused for grades 4-9, ages 10-14, post-reading, and pre-adult reading level phases. This article describes three parts of the redesign project--content, interface,…

"Click Here to Order This Book": A Case Study of Print and Electronic Patron-Driven Acquisition in University College Dublin

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tynan, Mark; McCarney, Eoin

2014-01-01

University College Dublin became the first library in the Republic of Ireland to trial patron-driven acquisition (PDA) as a collection development tool in 2013. A total of 42% of UCD Library's book budget was allocated to the project, which included both electronic and print books. This article describes the twelve month project from the tender…

United States National Commission on Libraries and Information Science. Annual Report, 1988-1989.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Commission on Libraries and Information Science, Washington, DC.

Activities of the National Commission on Libraries and Information Services (NCLIS) during fiscal year 1988-1989 are reported under three broad headings--Literacy, Democracy, and Productivity. The report under Literacy features two major projects: working with the American Association of School Librarians to initiate and convene a Symposium on…

Highlights of the White House Conference on Library and Information Services: Preconference on International Information Exchange.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chartrand, Robert Lee; Bortnick, Jane

This report on a preconference symposium held July 31, 1979 presents recommendations developed to interpret the conference theme of library and information services for increasing international understanding. Five discussion groups were organized to consider (1) the current status of international information flow, (2) overcoming barriers to…

University Undergraduate Libraries: Nearly Extinct or Continuing Examples of Evolution? A Symposium.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Person, Roland, Ed.

1982-01-01

Seven commentators review the development and current status of undergraduate libraries, and speculate on their future direction. They are Irene Hoadley, Texas A&M; Judith Harwood, Southern Illinois; Kenneth Toombs, South Carolina; Sheila Laidlaw, Toronto; G. A. Rudolph, Nebraska; Shelley Phipps, Arizona; and Frank Rodgers of Miami University.…

Pericarditis

MedlinePlus

... Daily Conferences Fellowships and Residencies School of Perfusion Technology Education Resources Library & Learning Resource Center CME Resources THI Journal THI Cardiac Society Save the Date: International Symposium on Cardiovascular Regenerative ...

Cardiomyopathy

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... Daily Conferences Fellowships and Residencies School of Perfusion Technology Education Resources Library & Learning Resource Center CME Resources THI Journal THI Cardiac Society Save the Date: International Symposium on Cardiovascular Regenerative ...

Cyanosis

MedlinePlus

... Daily Conferences Fellowships and Residencies School of Perfusion Technology Education Resources Library & Learning Resource Center CME Resources THI Journal THI Cardiac Society Save the Date: International Symposium on Cardiovascular Regenerative ...

78 FR 36765 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-19

... & OA re Up-to-Congestion & Virtual Transactions to be effective 8/9/2013. Filed Date: 6/10/13.... Comments Due: 5 p.m. ET 6/17/13. The filings are accessible in the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking...

Fetal Heart

MedlinePlus

... Daily Conferences Fellowships and Residencies School of Perfusion Technology Education Resources Library & Learning Resource Center CME Resources THI Journal THI Cardiac Society Save the Date: International Symposium on Cardiovascular Regenerative ...

Rheumatic Fever

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Silent Ischemia

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... Daily Conferences Fellowships and Residencies School of Perfusion Technology Education Resources Library & Learning Resource Center CME Resources THI Journal THI Cardiac Society Save the Date: International Symposium on Cardiovascular Regenerative ...

Pulmonary Atresia

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Vulnerable Plaque

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... Daily Conferences Fellowships and Residencies School of Perfusion Technology Education Resources Library & Learning Resource Center CME Resources THI Journal THI Cardiac Society Save the Date: International Symposium on Cardiovascular Regenerative ...

Intravascular Ultrasound

MedlinePlus

... Daily Conferences Fellowships and Residencies School of Perfusion Technology Education Resources Library & Learning Resource Center CME Resources THI Journal THI Cardiac Society Save the Date: International Symposium on Cardiovascular Regenerative ...

Building the Virtual Reference Desk in a 24/7 World. OCLC/Library of Congress Symposium at ALA Midwinter 2001 (Washington, DC, January 12, 2001). Tape 1 [and] Tape 2. [Videotapes].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

With the emergence of Web help services, libraries are no longer the lone providers of information. Today's researchers need to find quickly information that is usable, relevant, authoritative, and verifiable. To meet that need, libraries must adapt traditional strengths of acquiring, describing, and serving information to an environment that is…

Heart Information Center

MedlinePlus

... Daily Conferences Fellowships and Residencies School of Perfusion Technology Education Resources Library & Learning Resource Center CME Resources THI Journal THI Cardiac Society Save the Date: International Symposium on Cardiovascular Regenerative ...

Mitral Valve Prolapse

MedlinePlus

... Daily Conferences Fellowships and Residencies School of Perfusion Technology Education Resources Library & Learning Resource Center CME Resources THI Journal THI Cardiac Society Save the Date: International Symposium on Cardiovascular Regenerative ...

Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization

MedlinePlus

... Daily Conferences Fellowships and Residencies School of Perfusion Technology Education Resources Library & Learning Resource Center CME Resources THI Journal THI Cardiac Society Save the Date: International Symposium on Cardiovascular Regenerative ...

Coronary Artery Anomalies

MedlinePlus

... Daily Conferences Fellowships and Residencies School of Perfusion Technology Education Resources Library & Learning Resource Center CME Resources THI Journal THI Cardiac Society Save the Date: International Symposium on Cardiovascular Regenerative ...

Uncovering Information Hidden in Web Archives: Glimpse at Web Analysis Building on Data Warehouses; Towards Continuous Web Archiving: First Results and an Agenda for the Future; The Open Video Digital Library; After Migration to an Electronic Journal Collection: Impact on Faculty and Doctoral Students; Who Is Reading On-Line Education Journals? Why? And What Are They Reading?; Report on eLibrary@UBC4: Research, Collaboration and the Digital Library - Visions for 2010.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rauber, Andreas; Bruckner, Robert M.; Aschenbrenner, Andreas; Witvoet, Oliver; Kaiser, Max; Masanes, Julien; Marchionini, Gary; Geisler, Gary; King, Donald W.; Montgomery, Carol Hansen; Rudner, Lawrence M.; Gellmann, Jennifer S.; Miller-Whitehead, Marie; Iverson, Lee

2002-01-01

These six articles discuss Web archives and Web analysis building on data warehouses; international efforts at continuous Web archiving; the Open Video Digital Library; electronic journal collections in academic libraries; online education journals; and an electronic library symposium at the University of British Columbia. (LRW)

Diagnostic Tests and Procedures

MedlinePlus

... Daily Conferences Fellowships and Residencies School of Perfusion Technology Education Resources Library & Learning Resource Center CME Resources THI Journal THI Cardiac Society Save the Date: International Symposium on Cardiovascular Regenerative ...

Vasculature of the Leg

MedlinePlus

... Daily Conferences Fellowships and Residencies School of Perfusion Technology Education Resources Library & Learning Resource Center CME Resources THI Journal THI Cardiac Society Save the Date: International Symposium on Cardiovascular Regenerative ...

Diseases of the Tricuspid Valve

MedlinePlus

... Daily Conferences Fellowships and Residencies School of Perfusion Technology Education Resources Library & Learning Resource Center CME Resources THI Journal THI Cardiac Society Save the Date: International Symposium on Cardiovascular Regenerative ...

Apraxia-Kids

MedlinePlus

... About Apraxia Apraxia-KIDS Library Family Start Guide SLP Start Guide Apraxia Information Downloads Research Symposium Videos ... to Help How to Get Listed In Our SLP Directory Events CASANA Sponsored Events Educational Events Conferences ...

Proceedings of the Ship Control Systems Symposium (6th) Held in Ottawa, Canada on 26-30 October 1981. Supplement

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-10-30

lIefCAL LIBRARY "... ........... . -FRMAi.- NOhL’ FR NO. .. 01 COL BY DR., OTTAWA, ONT - PUBLICATION INFORM1ATION - THESE PAPERS WERE PRINTED JIST AS...PROMINENTLY MAIRKED WITH THE COPYRIGHT SYMBOL AND WAS RELEASED FOR PUBLICATION IN THESE PROCEEDINGS. REQUESTS FOR INFORMA TION REGARDING THE...that was required to ensure this success. The Symposium organizing committee, advisory groups, publications branch, authors, session chairmen

77 FR 23707 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-20

...-000. Applicants: NRG Solar Alpine LLC. Description: NRG Solar Alpine, LLC Notice of Self Certification...-000. Applicants: Exelon Corporation. Description: Notice of Material Change in Facts of Exelon... are accessible in the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on the links or querying the docket...

78 FR 21925 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-12

... comment date. The filings are accessible in the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on the links or querying the docket number. eFiling is encouraged. More detailed information relating to filing... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice...

77 FR 76020 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-26

..., Longview Fibre Paper and Packaging, Inc., Rumford Falls Hydro LLC, Brookfield Smoky Mountain Hydropower LLC...'s eLibrary system by clicking on the links or querying the docket number. Any person desiring to... proceeding. eFiling is encouraged. More detailed information relating to filing requirements, interventions...

77 FR 71412 - Combined Notice of Filings #2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-30

... party to the proceeding. The filings are accessible in the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on the links or querying the docket number. eFiling is encouraged. More detailed information relating to... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 2 Take notice...

Symposium on Research and Utilization of Educational Media for Teaching the Deaf: The Educational Media Complex (Nebraska Center for Continuing Education, Lincoln, Nebraska, April 10-12, 1967).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Dept. of Educational Administration.

Papers consider the problems of combining library science and audiovisual education into educational media complexes, or instructional materials centers (IMC's), in schools for the deaf. Areas covered include the concept of such centers, their relationship with the school library, and the personnel, equipment, materials, and production facilities…

Trace Elements: What They Do and Where to Get Them

MedlinePlus

... Daily Conferences Fellowships and Residencies School of Perfusion Technology Education Resources Library & Learning Resource Center CME Resources THI Journal THI Cardiac Society Save the Date: International Symposium on Cardiovascular Regenerative ...

Our Experiment in Online, Real-Time Reference.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Broughton, Kelly

2001-01-01

Describes experiences in providing real-time online reference services to users with remote Web access at the Bowling Green State University library. Discusses the decision making process first used to select HumanClick software to communicate via chat; and the selection of a fee-based customer service product, Virtual Reference Desk. (LRW)

78 FR 52766 - Combined Notice of Filings #2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-26

.... Applicants: Longview Fibre Paper and Packaging, Inc. Description: Notice of Non-Material Change in Status of Longview Fibre Paper and Packaging, Inc. Filed Date: 8/19/13. Accession Number: 20130819-5060. Comments Due... the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on the links or querying the docket number. Any person...

76 FR 30329 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-25

...: Termination of Morgantown POD Construction Agreement to be effective 7/ 4/2011. Filed Date: 05/18/2011... Filing in Response to the September 3, 2010 Order Approving Petition and Directing Compliance Filing.... The filings in the above proceedings are accessible in the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on...

78 FR 51718 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-21

... Energy Marketing LLC, Champion Energy Services, LLC, Champion Energy, LLC. Description: Notice of Change in Status for Champion Energy Marketing LLC, et al. Filed Date: 8/12/13. Accession Number: 20130812....m. ET 8/23/13. The filings are accessible in the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on the...

Cataloging in Publication; An LJ Mini-Symposium

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dunlap, Connie R.; And Others

1974-01-01

A report, including statistics, on the status of the Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication (CIP) program is presented followed by commentaries by Maurice Freedman, Herbert S. Bailey, Jr., Lois Hacker, and Marvin H. Scilken. (PF)

Examining the Use of a Social Media Campaign to Increase Engagement for the American Heart Association 2017 Resuscitation Science Symposium.

PubMed

Leary, Marion; McGovern, Shaun; Dainty, Katie N; Doshi, Ankur A; Blewer, Audrey L; Kurz, Michael C; Rittenberger, Jon C; Hazinski, Mary Fran; Reynolds, Joshua C

2018-04-13

The Resuscitation Science Symposium (ReSS) is the dedicated international forum for resuscitation science at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions. In an attempt to increase curated content and social media presence during ReSS 2017, the Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA) coordinated an inaugural social media campaign. Before ReSS, 8 resuscitation science professionals were recruited from a convenience sample of attendees at ReSS 2017. Each blogger was assigned to either a morning or an afternoon session, responsible for "live tweeting" with the associated hashtags #ReSS17 and #AHA17. Twitter analytics from the 8 bloggers were collected from November 10 to 13, 2017. The primary outcome was Twitter impressions. Secondary outcomes included Twitter engagement and Twitter engagement rate. In total, 8 bloggers (63% male) generated 591 tweets that garnered 261 050 impressions, 8013 engagements, 928 retweets, 1653 likes, 292 hashtag clicks, and a median engagement rate of 2.4%. Total engagement, likes, and hashtag clicks were highest on day 2; total impressions were highest on day 3, and retweets were highest on day 4. Total impressions were highly correlated with the total number of tweets ( r =0.87; P =0.005) and baseline number of Twitter followers for each blogger ( r =0.78; P =0.02). In this inaugural social media campaign for the 2017 American Heart Association ReSS, the degree of online engagement with this content by end users was quite good when evaluated by social media standards. Benchmarks for end-user interactions in the scientific community are undefined and will require further study. © 2018 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

In situ click chemistry: from small molecule discovery to synthetic antibodies

PubMed Central

Agnew, Heather D.; Lai, Bert; Lee, Su Seong; Lim, Jaehong; Nag, Arundhati; Pitram, Suresh; Rohde, Rosemary; Heath, James R.

2013-01-01

Advances in the fields of proteomics, molecular imaging, and therapeutics are closely linked to the availability of affinity reagents that selectively recognize their biological targets. Here we present a review of Iterative Peptide In Situ Click Chemistry (IPISC), a novel screening technology for designing peptide multiligands with high affinity and specificity. This technology builds upon in situ click chemistry, a kinetic target-guided synthesis approach where the protein target catalyzes the conjugation of two small molecules, typically through the azide–alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition. Integrating this methodology with solid phase peptide libraries enables the assembly of linear and branched peptide multiligands we refer to as Protein Catalyzed Capture Agents (PCC Agents). The resulting structures can be thought of as analogous to the antigen recognition site of antibodies and serve as antibody replacements in biochemical and cell-based applications. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in ligand design through IPISC and related approaches, focusing on the improvements in affinity and specificity as multiligands are assembled by target-catalyzed peptide conjugation. We compare the IPISC process to small molecule in situ click chemistry with particular emphasis on the advantages and technical challenges of constructing antibody-like PCC Agents. PMID:22836343

Astrophysics Source Code Library -- Now even better!

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Allen, Alice; Schmidt, Judy; Berriman, Bruce; DuPrie, Kimberly; Hanisch, Robert J.; Mink, Jessica D.; Nemiroff, Robert J.; Shamir, Lior; Shortridge, Keith; Taylor, Mark B.; Teuben, Peter J.; Wallin, John F.

2015-01-01

The Astrophysics Source Code Library (ASCL, ascl.net) is a free online registry of codes used in astronomy research. Indexed by ADS, it now contains nearly 1,000 codes and with recent major changes, is better than ever! The resource has a new infrastructure that offers greater flexibility and functionality for users, including an easier submission process, better browsing, one-click author search, and an RSS feeder for news. The new database structure is easier to maintain and offers new possibilities for collaboration. Come see what we've done!

76 FR 60013 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-28

... per 35.17(b): Amendment--docket number inserted 09192011 to be effective 10/11/2011. Filed Date: 09/19... Northeast LLC submits tariff filing per 35.17(b): Amendment--docket number inserted 09192011 to be effective... Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on the links or querying the docket number. Any person desiring to...

77 FR 5008 - Solios Power Mid-Atlantic Virtual LLC; Supplemental Notice That Initial Market-Based Rate Filing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-01

...-referenced proceeding are accessible in the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on the appropriate link... Mid-Atlantic Virtual LLC; Supplemental Notice That Initial Market-Based Rate Filing Includes Request... of Solios Power Mid-Atlantic Virtual LLC's application for market-based rate authority, with an...

78 FR 53746 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-30

...-72-002. Applicants: Dominion Energy Marketing, Inc. Description: Compliance Filing of Dominion Energy Marketing, Inc. Filed Date: 8/16/13. Accession Number: 20130816-5208. Comments Due: 5 p.m. ET 9/6/13. Docket... accessible in the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on the links or querying the docket number. Any...

78 FR 52522 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-23

... Applicants: PJM Interconnection, L.L.C. Description: Queue No. W2-014; First Revised Service Agreement No... the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on the links or querying the docket number. Any person... 214 of the Commission's Regulations (18 CFR 385.211 and 385.214) on or before 5:00 p.m. Eastern time...

Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings on Diamond, SiC and Nitride Wide Bandgap Semiconductors Held at San Francisco, California on 4-8 April 1994. Volume 339.

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-04-08

demonstrated that there existed no graphite phase at the surface of the as-deposited and 02 plasma treated polycrystalline diamond films. W 3- uO 2.5...diamond, highly ordered pyrolitic graphite ( HOPG ), and an amorphous carbon surface created by 1 keV ion bombardment of diamond. The diamond surface was...Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Materials Research Society. Meeting (1994 : San Francisco, Calif.). Symposium D. Diamond, SiC and nitride

76 FR 59674 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-27

..., October 06, 2011. Docket Numbers: ER11-4530-000. Applicants: Dynamic PL, LLC. Description: Dynamic PL, LLC submits tariff filing per 35.1: Dynamic PL, LLC Re-file to be effective 9/15/2011. Filed Date: 09/15/2011... Thursday, October 06, 2011. The filings are accessible in the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on...

75 FR 14592 - Dynamic PL, Inc.; Supplemental Notice That Initial Market-Based Rate Filing Includes Request for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-26

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. ER10-853-000] Dynamic PL... Dynamic PL, Inc's application for market-based rate authority, with an accompanying rate tariff, noting... accessible in the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on the appropriate link in the above list. They...

77 FR 41178 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-12

...)(2)(iii): Filing of First Revised Service Agreement No. 2924; Queue No. W2-016 to be effective 6/7.... Comments Due: 5 p.m. ET 7/23/12. The filings are accessible in the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking... above proceedings must file in accordance with Rules 211 and 214 of the Commission's Regulations (18 CFR...

76 FR 55373 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-07

....13(a)(2)(iii: PJM Queue Position W2-075--Original Service Agreement No. 3039 to be effective 7/28... the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on the links or querying the docket number. Any person... 214 of the Commission's Regulations (18 CFR 385.211 and 385.214) on or before 5 p.m. Eastern time on...

76 FR 51964 - Combined Notice of Filings # 1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-19

...'s to be effective 10/9/2011. Filed Date: 08/10/2011. Accession Number: 20110810-5048. Comment Date... Queue No. P59/W2-057; Original Service Agreement No. 2987 to be effective 7/12/2011. Filed Date: 08/10.... The filings are accessible in the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on the links or querying...

Triazolophostins: a library of novel and potent agonists of IP3 receptors† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Synthetic procedures and spectral data for all new compounds, crystal data for disaccharide 4 and details of the docking study. CCDC 1022279. For ESI and crystallographic data in CIF or other electronic format see DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00440c Click here for additional data file. Click here for additional data file.

PubMed Central

Vibhute, Amol M.; Konieczny, Vera; Taylor, Colin W.

2015-01-01

IP3 receptors are channels that mediate the release of Ca2+ from the intracellular stores of cells stimulated by hormones or neurotransmitters. Adenophostin A (AdA) is the most potent agonist of IP3 receptors, with the β-anomeric adenine contributing to the increased potency. The potency of AdA and its stability towards the enzymes that degrade IP3 have aroused interest in AdA analogs for biological studies. The complex structure of AdA poses problems that have necessitated optimization of synthetic conditions for each analog. Such lengthy one-at-a-time syntheses limit access to AdA analogs. We have addressed this problem by synthesizing a library of triazole-based AdA analogs, triazolophostins, by employing click chemistry. An advanced intermediate having all the necessary phosphates and a β-azide at the anomeric position was reacted with various alkynes under Cu(i) catalysis to yield triazoles, which upon deprotection gave triazolophostins. All eleven triazolophostins synthesized are more potent than IP3 and some are equipotent with AdA in functional analyses of IP3 receptors. We show that a triazole ring can replace adenine without compromising the potency of AdA and provide facile routes to novel AdA analogs. PMID:25869535

Trendspotting 2011

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas, Lisa Carlucci

2011-01-01

In this article, the author discusses Connecticut Library Consortium's (CLC) recently held fifth annual Trendspotting symposium, "E-books: Collections at the Crossroads." She was pleased to work with CLC to develop a cutting-edge program of dynamic, thought-provoking speakers and presentations, including an outstanding keynote by Eli Neiburger on…

78 FR 25432 - Sabine Pass LNG, L.P., Sabine Pass Liquefaction, LLC; Notice of Availability of the Environmental...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-01

... Affairs, at (866) 208-FERC, or on the FERC Web site ( www.ferc.gov ) using the eLibrary link. Click on the... heavies removal column, a heavies removal column reboiler, a debutanizer system, and a condensate stabilizer system to be located inside the battery limits within each of the four liquefaction trains; two...

77 FR 65874 - Kinder Morgan Pony Express Pipeline LLC, Hiland Crude, LLC; Notice of Petition For Declaratory Order

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-31

..., but intervention is necessary to become a party to the proceeding. The filings are accessible in the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on the links or querying the docket number. eFiling is encouraged... terms, as described in filing. Any person desiring to intervene or protest in any of the above...

Besides Google: Guiding Gifted Elementary Students onto the Entrance Ramp of the Information Superhighway

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schneider, Joan

2009-01-01

For gifted students, the power of the Internet is its vastness. Students can access extensive resources that far exceed the collections in their classrooms or school library. Especially with the rapid growth of the Internet during the last decade, the gateway to a rich array of sophisticated resources is literally a click away. Curriculum content…

75 FR 69425 - Qualified Hydro 30, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-12

... vertical Kaplan turbine-generator units with a combined capacity of 2.5 megawatts; (5) a new 3-MVA.../ferconline.asp ) under the ``eFiling'' link. For a simpler method of submitting text only comments, click on... this project, including a copy of the application can be viewed or printed on the ``eLibrary'' link of...

75 FR 70224 - Qualified Hydro 29, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-17

...-foot diameter penstock; (4) two vertical Kaplan turbine-generator units with a combined capacity of 7.0... ) under the ``eFiling'' link. For a simpler method of submitting text only comments, click on ``Quick... project, including a copy of the application can be viewed or printed on the ``eLibrary'' link of...

75 FR 69426 - Qualified Hydro 31, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-12

... penstock; (4) two vertical Kaplan turbine- generator units with a combined capacity of 3.5 megawatts; (5) a.../ferconline.asp ) under the ``eFiling'' link. For a simpler method of submitting text only comments, click on... this project, including a copy of the application can be viewed or printed on the ``eLibrary'' link of...

78 FR 8505 - Combined Notice of Filings #2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-06

... tariff filing per 35.13(a)(2)(iii: Original Service Agreement No. 3485; Queue No. W2-039 to be effective... in the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on the links or querying the docket number. Any... Rules 211 and 214 of the Commission's Regulations (18 CFR 385.211 and 385.214) on or before 5:00 p.m...

77 FR 33207 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-05

...; Queue No. W2-090 to be effective 5/1/2011. Filed Date: 5/23/12. Accession Number: 20120523-5073... accessible in the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on the links or querying the docket number. Any... Rules 211 and 214 of the Commission's Regulations (18 CFR 385.211 and 385.214) on or before 5:00 p.m...

NOAA Photo Library - Navigating the Collection

Science.gov Websites

will have to change the setting to 800x600 to view the full image without having to scroll from left to view or download the highest resolution image available, click on the message "High Resolution viewing individual images associated with albums. If wishing to view the image ID number of a thumbnail

Identification of highly selective and potent histone deacetylase 3 inhibitors using click chemistry-based combinatorial fragment assembly.

PubMed

Suzuki, Takayoshi; Kasuya, Yuki; Itoh, Yukihiro; Ota, Yosuke; Zhan, Peng; Asamitsu, Kaori; Nakagawa, Hidehiko; Okamoto, Takashi; Miyata, Naoki

2013-01-01

To find histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3)-selective inhibitors, a series of 504 candidates was assembled using "click chemistry", by reacting nine alkynes bearing a zinc-binding group with 56 azide building blocks in the presence of Cu(I) catalyst. Screening of the 504-member triazole library against HDAC3 and other HDAC isozymes led to the identification of potent and selective HDAC3 inhibitors T247 and T326. These compounds showed potent HDAC3 inhibition with submicromolar IC50s, whereas they did not strongly inhibit other isozymes. Compounds T247 and T326 also induced a dose-dependent selective increase of NF-κB acetylation in human colon cancer HCT116 cells, indicating selective inhibition of HDAC3 in the cells. In addition, these HDAC3-selective inhibitors induced growth inhibition of cancer cells, and activated HIV gene expression in latent HIV-infected cells. These findings indicate that HDAC3-selective inhibitors are promising candidates for anticancer drugs and antiviral agents. This work also suggests the usefulness of the click chemistry approach to find isozyme-selective HDAC inhibitors.

2005 16th Annual NDIA SO/LIC Symposium and Exhibition

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-02-04

Navy Ecuadorian AF Salvadoran Navy French Navy Mexican Navy Royal Netherlands Navy Peruvian AF Royal Navy Venezuelan AF A Combined, Joint, Interagency...leagues • Culture  Antiquities, museums  Tourism  Cinema and Theatre  National Library  Houses of Wisdom & Manuscripts  Music Institute

Automated Docking with Protein Flexibility in the Design of Femtomolar “Click Chemistry” Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase

PubMed Central

Morris, Garrett M.; Green, Luke G.; Radić, Zoran; Taylor, Palmer; Sharpless, K. Barry; Olson, Arthur J.; Grynszpan, Flavio

2013-01-01

The use of computer-aided structure-based drug design prior to synthesis has proven to be generally valuable in suggesting improved binding analogues of existing ligands.1 Here we describe the application of the program AutoDock2 to the design of a focused library that was used in the “click chemistry in-situ” generation of the most potent non-covalent inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) yet developed (Kd = ~100 fM).3 AutoDock version 3.0.5 has been widely distributed and successfully used to predict bound conformations of flexible ligands. Here, we also used a version of AutoDock which permits additional conformational flexibility in selected amino acid sidechains of the target protein. PMID:23451944

Libraries and Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Findley, Paul

These keynote remarks review some of the origins of Title XII of the Foreign Assistance Act. This legislation, whose goal is to conquer famine and malnutrition worldwide, was signed into law by President Ford in 1975. Senator Hubert Humphrey's address at the 1977 Famine Prevention Symposium in Washington, DC, is recounted with emphasis on his…

78 FR 2982 - Northwest Pipeline GP; Notice of Availability of the Environmental Assessment for the Proposed...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-15

... consider your comments prior to making its decision on this project, it is important that we receive your... for public viewing on the FERC's Web site ( www.ferc.gov ) using the eLibrary link. A limited number... first create an account by clicking on ``eRegister.'' You must select the type of filing you are making...

Versatile telluracycle synthesis via the sequential electrophilic telluration of C(sp2)–Zn and C(sp2)–H bonds† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. CCDC 1523262–1523264. For ESI and crystallographic data in CIF or other electronic format see DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01162h Click here for additional data file. Click here for additional data file.

PubMed Central

Wu, Bin; Melvina; Wu, Xiangyang; Lee Yeow, Edwin Kok

2017-01-01

We report herein a new approach for the synthesis of tellurium-bridged aromatic compounds based on the sequential electrophilic telluration of C(sp2)–Zn and C(sp2)–H bonds with tellurium(iv) chlorides. A combination of transition metal-catalyzed (migratory) arylmetalation of alkynes and sequential telluration allows for the expedient construction of a library of functionalized benzo[b]tellurophenes. Furthermore, a variety of heteroarene-fused benzotellurophenes and other novel tellurium-embedded polycyclic aromatics can be readily synthesized from the corresponding 2-iodoheterobiaryls. PMID:28970880

The U.S. EPA ToxCast Program: Moving from Data Generation to Application (SOT Tox21 update symposium presentation)

EPA Science Inventory

The U.S. EPA ToxCast program is entering its tenth year. Significant learning and progress have occurred towards collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data. The library of ~1,800 chemicals has been subject to ongoing characterization (e.g., identity, purity, stability...

ZINClick: a database of 16 million novel, patentable, and readily synthesizable 1,4-disubstituted triazoles.

PubMed

Massarotti, Alberto; Brunco, Angelo; Sorba, Giovanni; Tron, Gian Cesare

2014-02-24

Since Professors Sharpless, Finn, and Kolb first introduced the concept of "click reactions" in 2001 as powerful tools in drug discovery, 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles have become important in medicinal chemistry due to the simultaneous discovery by Sharpless, Fokin, and Meldal of a perfect click 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between azides and alkynes catalyzed by copper salts. Because of their chemical features, these triazoles are proposed to be aggressive pharmacophores that participate in drug-receptor interactions while maintaining an excellent chemical and metabolic profile. Surprisingly, no virtual libraries of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles have been generated for the systematic investigation of the click-chemical space. In this manuscript, a database of triazoles called ZINClick is generated from literature-reported alkynes and azides that can be synthesized within three steps from commercially available products. This combinatorial database contains over 16 million 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles that are easily synthesizable, new, and patentable! The structural diversity of ZINClick ( http://www.symech.it/ZINClick ) will be explored. ZINClick will also be compared to other available databases, and its application during the design of novel bioactive molecules containing triazole nuclei will be discussed.

Establishment of a search library about benzylisoquinoline alkaloids based on selective separation on the binaphthyl column and standard analysis on C18 column.

PubMed

Liu, Qiaoxia; Zhou, Binbin; Wang, Xinliang; Ke, Yanxiong; Jin, Yu; Yin, Lihui; Liang, Xinmiao

2012-12-01

A search library about benzylisoquinoline alkaloids was established based on preparation of alkaloid fractions from Rhizoma coptidis, Cortex phellodendri, and Rhizoma corydalis. In this work, two alkaloid fractions from each herbal medicine were first prepared based on selective separation on the "click" binaphthyl column. And then these alkaloid fractions were analyzed on C18 column by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Many structure-related compounds were included in these alkaloids fractions, which led to easy separation and good MS response in further work. Therefore, a search library of 52 benzylisoquinoline alkaloids was established, which included eight aporphine, 19 tetrahydroprotoberberine, two protopine, two benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline, and 21 protoberberine alkaloids. The information of the search library contained compound names, structures, retention times, accurate masses, fragmentation pathways of benzylisoquionline alkaloids, and their sources from three herbal medicines. Using such a library, the alkaloids, especially those trace and unknown components in some herbal medicine could be accurately and quickly identified. In addition, the distribution of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in the herbal medicines could be also summarized by searching the source samples in the library. © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Now That I Have It, What Can I Do with It?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Holmes, Jon L.

1999-11-01

All JCE subscribers now have access to all areas of JCE Online. As a reader of the print Journal you may be wondering what benefits JCE Online offers you and how you can reap those benefits. Point your WWW browser at jchemed.chem.wisc.edu, login, and follow along. Keep in mind that the three benefits outlined below are those that directly benefit you as a Journal reader. JCE Online contains many other resources that will benefit you as a chemistry teacher. Find an Article, Any Article The JCE Online feature that I perceive to be most beneficial to Journal readers is the ease and speed of finding articles. Finding a particular Journal article or several related articles is quickly and conveniently accomplished by using JCE Index online. Clicking the JCE Index item in the left-hand navigation bar leads to the JCE Index search page. A vanity search for articles that I authored or co-authored (type "holmes j" into the search text field and press Enter) produces a list of the ten most recent articles. A click on one of the articles and another click on the Full Text (.pdf) button (in the page menu bar near the top of the page below the global menu bar) and I am looking at one of my articles just as it appeared in the Journal. Four clicks, nine keystrokes, and 25 seconds (your time may vary)... not bad! Searching the Journal has never been easier than using the online JCE Index. If you remember which issue of the Journal contains the article you are looking for, then that article is never more than six mouse clicks away from the JCE Online Home Page. Of course, this only applies if we have the article online; full text articles begin with the September 1996 issue. The first click is on the Past Issues item in the left-hand navigation bar. If the article is not in the current volume of the Journal (your memory is much better than mine if you remember farther back) then the next click (click two) is on the pop-up list of Journal volumes from which you select the year the article appeared. After the correct volume is selected, use your next click to select the issue by clicking (click three) on one of the issue cover thumbnails. This brings you to the issue Table of Contents where you will probably have to scroll down to find the article (click four). Click the title of the article (click five) to go to the abstract of the article. Click six on the Full Text (.pdf) button in the page menu bar finishes the job. On my computer the six clicks from the JCE Online home page to the full text of an article by Jones et al., "Preparing Preservice Chemistry Teachers for Constructivist Classrooms through Use of Authentic Activities", in the July 1997 issue took 35 seconds including the time required to start up Acrobat Reader; a lot quicker than a trip to the chemistry library and easier even than a trip to the bookshelf across the room! A pop-up list is used to select a volume of the Journal from the Past Issues page. As I mentioned above, only issues since September 1996 have full-text articles available online. Abstracts of articles online go back to July 1995. JCE Index does contain citations to all articles published in the Journal back to Volume 1, Number 1more than 25,700 citations to date. When an online search produces an article that is not available online, you will have to retrieve it the old-fashioned way with a trip to the library or bookshelf. But at least you will know exactly where to look. Supplement Your Print Version You may have noticed a W near the title of some articles, especially laboratory experiments, in the Journal Table of Contents and within the Journal. This W denotes articles that contain online supplementary materials. Such materials are provided by the authors of those articles and may include handouts, assignments, worksheets, procedures, digital video, color illustrations, softwarematerials that you will find beneficial in implementing the idea or laboratory experiment. At JCE Online such articles contain a Supplement button in the page menu bar. For articles with supplementary materials, the Supplement button takes JCE subscribers to the supplement download page. Clicking the Supplement button produces the supplement download page. We attempt to provide supplementary materials as PDF files that are readily downloaded, viewed, and printed using Acrobat Reader. We also take the files in the format provided by the author, which you may find easier to edit for your purposes, and combine them into a single compressed file. This file is available in two forms, one for Windows users and one for Macintosh users. Click the Supplements item in the left-hand navigation bar to find out more about downloading and viewing supplemental materials and for a link to a list of all such materials available at JCE Online. Send Us Your Comments and Suggestions At the bottom of every page at JCE Online is a link to our email address. Do not hesitate to use it to tell us what you think about the Journal and JCE Online. We read all such messages and try to reply to every one. I hope you agree that JCE Online has something to offer you and look forward to hearing from you.

Modeling the Activities of Scientists: Prospective Science Teachers' Poster Presentations in An STS Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dogan, Alev; Kaya, Osman Nafiz; Kilic, Ziya; Kilic, Esma; Aydogdu, Mustafa

2004-01-01

In this study, prospective science teachers' (PSTs) views about their poster presentations were investigated. These posters were developed through PSTs' online and library research and scientific mini-symposiums in chemistry related topics in the framework of science, technology and society course (STS). During the first four weeks of STS course,…

Introduction and Overview: Chemistry Journals: The Transition from Paper to Electronic, with Lessons for Other Disciplines.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mendelsohn, Loren D.

2003-01-01

Provides an overview of this section of the journal devoted to Perspectives on Chemistry Journals, based on papers presented at the Tri-Society Symposium on Chemical Information (Los Angeles, CA, June 9, 2002). Focuses on the impact of electronic journals on chemistry libraries, from publishers' and librarians' points of view. (LRW)

Internet and Advertisement.

PubMed

Moustafa, Khaled

2016-02-01

The Internet has revolutionized the way knowledge is currently produced, stored and disseminated. A few finger clicks on a keyboard can save time and many hours of search in libraries or shopping in stores. Online trademarks with an (e-) prefix such as e-library, e-business, e-health etc., are increasingly part of our daily professional vocabularies. However, the Internet has also produced multiple negative side effects, ranging from an unhealthy dependency to a dehumanization of human relationships. Fraudulent, unethical and scam practices are also flourishing through for example misleading online advertising methods. Some social and professional networks gather users' profiles for selling and advertising purposes, sometimes by making it technically difficult to unsubscribe. Here, I discuss some of these unethical aspects and propose some potential solutions to reduce them.

Working Together or Apart: Promoting the Next Generation of Digital Scholarship. CLIR Publication No.145

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Kathlin, Ed.; Leney, Brian Ed.

2009-01-01

As part of its ongoing programs in digital scholarship and the cyberinfrastructure to support teaching, learning and research, the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR) in cooperation with the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) held a symposium on September 15, 2008 in which a group of some 30 leading scholars was invited to…

Video Games for Diabetes Self-Management: Examples and Design Strategies

PubMed Central

Lieberman, Debra A.

2012-01-01

The July 2012 issue of the Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology includes a special symposium called “Serious Games for Diabetes, Obesity, and Healthy Lifestyle.” As part of the symposium, this article focuses on health behavior change video games that are designed to improve and support players’ diabetes self-management. Other symposium articles include one that recommends theory-based approaches to the design of health games and identifies areas in which additional research is needed, followed by five research articles presenting studies of the design and effectiveness of games and game technologies that require physical activity in order to play. This article briefly describes 14 diabetes self-management video games, and, when available, cites research findings on their effectiveness. The games were found by searching the Health Games Research online searchable database, three bibliographic databases (ACM Digital Library, PubMed, and Social Sciences Databases of CSA Illumina), and the Google search engine, using the search terms “diabetes” and “game.” Games were selected if they addressed diabetes self-management skills. PMID:22920805

Video games for diabetes self-management: examples and design strategies.

PubMed

Lieberman, Debra A

2012-07-01

The July 2012 issue of the Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology includes a special symposium called "Serious Games for Diabetes, Obesity, and Healthy Lifestyle." As part of the symposium, this article focuses on health behavior change video games that are designed to improve and support players' diabetes self-management. Other symposium articles include one that recommends theory-based approaches to the design of health games and identifies areas in which additional research is needed, followed by five research articles presenting studies of the design and effectiveness of games and game technologies that require physical activity in order to play. This article briefly describes 14 diabetes self-management video games, and, when available, cites research findings on their effectiveness. The games were found by searching the Health Games Research online searchable database, three bibliographic databases (ACM Digital Library, PubMed, and Social Sciences Databases of CSA Illumina), and the Google search engine, using the search terms "diabetes" and "game." Games were selected if they addressed diabetes self-management skills. © 2012 Diabetes Technology Society.

Writing DNA with GenoCAD.

PubMed

Czar, Michael J; Cai, Yizhi; Peccoud, Jean

2009-07-01

Chemical synthesis of custom DNA made to order calls for software streamlining the design of synthetic DNA sequences. GenoCAD (www.genocad.org) is a free web-based application to design protein expression vectors, artificial gene networks and other genetic constructs composed of multiple functional blocks called genetic parts. By capturing design strategies in grammatical models of DNA sequences, GenoCAD guides the user through the design process. By successively clicking on icons representing structural features or actual genetic parts, complex constructs composed of dozens of functional blocks can be designed in a matter of minutes. GenoCAD automatically derives the construct sequence from its comprehensive libraries of genetic parts. Upon completion of the design process, users can download the sequence for synthesis or further analysis. Users who elect to create a personal account on the system can customize their workspace by creating their own parts libraries, adding new parts to the libraries, or reusing designs to quickly generate sets of related constructs.

A novel route for preparing 5′ cap mimics and capped RNAs: phosphate-modified cap analogues obtained via click chemistry† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Tables S1–S6 and Fig. S1–S10, experimental procedures, HPLC profiles, NMR and HRMS spectra. See DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02437h Click here for additional data file. Click here for additional data file.

PubMed Central

Walczak, Sylwia; Nowicka, Anna; Kubacka, Dorota; Fac, Kaja; Wanat, Przemyslaw; Mroczek, Seweryn; Kowalska, Joanna

2017-01-01

The significant biological role of the mRNA 5′ cap in translation initiation makes it an interesting subject for chemical modifications aimed at producing useful tools for the selective modulation of intercellular processes and development of novel therapeutic interventions. However, traditional approaches to the chemical synthesis of cap analogues are time-consuming and labour-intensive, which impedes the development of novel compounds and their applications. Here, we explore a different approach for synthesizing 5′ cap mimics, making use of click chemistry (CuAAC) to combine two mononucleotide units and yield a novel class of dinucleotide cap analogues containing a triazole ring within the oligophosphate chain. As a result, we synthesized a library of 36 mRNA cap analogues differing in the location of the triazole ring, the polyphosphate chain length, and the type of linkers joining the phosphate and the triazole moieties. After biochemical evaluation, we identified two analogues that, when incorporated into mRNA, produced transcripts translated with efficiency similar to compounds unmodified in the oligophosphate bridge obtained by traditional synthesis. Moreover, we demonstrated that the triazole-modified cap structures can be generated at the RNA 5′ end using two alternative capping strategies: either the typical co-transcriptional approach, or a new post-transcriptional approach based on CuAAC. Our findings open new possibilities for developing chemically modified mRNAs for research and therapeutic applications, including RNA-based vaccinations. PMID:28451173

Click C@refully Before You Quote: Citing Internet-Based Sources

PubMed Central

1999-01-01

At the end of the 20th century, access to information provided by the World Wide Web (WWW) is changing as never before. The fast availability of current medical literature and the availability of tools for easy access to information, as well as for the easy production of information, have confronted research physicians, scholars, and students with new kinds of problems, many of which concern us personally. Quality control, difficulty establishing basic citation components, lack of standard guidelines for citing, as well as the short lifetime of Internet addresses concern us deeply. Some of these problems could be solved by the concept of an “Online-Library of Medicine” presented in the following paper. Since, however, at the present time there are no good answers to the problems regarding citing Internet-based sources, a Web surfer must keep in his or her mind the motto “caveat lector” (let the reader beware) - or, rather, in the spirit of our time: click c@refully before you cite. PMID:10527339

A convergent approach to biocompatible polyglycerol "click" dendrons for the synthesis of modular core-shell architectures and their transport behavior.

PubMed

Wyszogrodzka, Monika; Haag, Rainer

2008-01-01

Dendrimers are an important class of polymeric materials for a broad range of applications in which monodispersity and multivalency are of interest. Here we report on a highly efficient synthetic route towards bifunctional polyglycerol dendrons on a multigram scale. Commercially available triglycerol (1), which is highly biocompatible, was used as starting material. By applying Williamson ether synthesis followed by an ozonolysis/reduction procedure, glycerol-based dendrons up to the fourth generation were prepared. The obtained products have a reactive core, which was further functionalized to the corresponding monoazido derivatives. By applying copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, so-called "click" coupling, a library of core-shell architectures was prepared. After removal of the 1,2-diol protecting groups, water-soluble core-shell architectures 24-27 of different generations were obtained in high yields. In the structure-transport relationship with Nile red we observe a clear dependence on core size and generation of the polyglycerol dendrons.

Extreme red shifted SERS nanotags† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: General experimental details for the synthesis and characterization of dyes 1–14, intermediates 15–17, and HGNs; general description of the chemometrics used for principal component analysis; figures of SERS spectra of dye/HGN nanotags with 1280 nm excitation; extinction spectrum for HGNs; SERS spectra of Au and Ag nanoparticles and dye 13 aggregated with KCl; SERS spectra of dyes 13 and 14 on HGN not aggregated with KCl; details of mean plane angle calculations, tables of crystallographic data, atomic coordinates and equivalent isotropic displacement parameters, anisotropic placement parameters, bond lengths, bond angles, and hydrogen atom coordinates and isotropic displacement parameters for dye 14. CCDC 1040064. For ESI and crystallographic data in CIF or other electronic format see DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03917c Click here for additional data file. Click here for additional data file.

PubMed Central

Bedics, Matthew A.; Kearns, Hayleigh; Cox, Jordan M.; Mabbott, Sam; Ali, Fatima; Shand, Neil C.; Faulds, Karen; Benedict, Jason B.

2015-01-01

Surfaced enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotags operating with 1280 nm excitation were constructed from reporter molecules selected from a library of 14 chalcogenopyrylium dyes containing phenyl, 2-thienyl, and 2-selenophenyl substituents and a surface of hollow gold nanoshells (HGNs). These 1280 SERS nanotags are unique as they have multiple chalcogen atoms available which allow them to adsorb strongly onto the gold surface of the HGN thus producing exceptional SERS signals at this long excitation wavelength. Picomolar limits of detection (LOD) were observed and individual reporters of the library were identified by principal component analysis and classified according to their unique structure and SERS spectra. PMID:29308144

Rapid Analysis of Protein Farnesyltransferase Substrate Specificity Using Peptide Libraries and Isoprenoid Diphosphate Analogues

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Protein farnesytransferase (PFTase) catalyzes the farnesylation of proteins with a carboxy-terminal tetrapeptide sequence denoted as a Ca1a2X box. To explore the specificity of this enzyme, an important therapeutic target, solid-phase peptide synthesis in concert with a peptide inversion strategy was used to prepare two libraries, each containing 380 peptides. The libraries were screened using an alkyne-containing isoprenoid analogue followed by click chemistry with biotin azide and subsequent visualization with streptavidin-AP. Screening of the CVa2X and CCa2X libraries with Rattus norvegicus PFTase revealed reaction by many known recognition sequences as well as numerous unknown ones. Some of the latter occur in the genomes of bacteria and viruses and may be important for pathogenesis, suggesting new targets for therapeutic intervention. Screening of the CVa2X library with alkyne-functionalized isoprenoid substrates showed that those prepared from C10 or C15 precursors gave similar results, whereas the analogue synthesized from a C5 unit gave a different pattern of reactivity. Lastly, the substrate specificities of PFTases from three organisms (R. norvegicus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida albicans) were compared using CVa2X libraries. R. norvegicus PFTase was found to share more peptide substrates with S. cerevisiae PFTase than with C. albicans PFTase. In general, this method is a highly efficient strategy for rapidly probing the specificity of this important enzyme. PMID:24841702

PhysiomeSpace: digital library service for biomedical data

PubMed Central

Testi, Debora; Quadrani, Paolo; Viceconti, Marco

2010-01-01

Every research laboratory has a wealth of biomedical data locked up, which, if shared with other experts, could dramatically improve biomedical and healthcare research. With the PhysiomeSpace service, it is now possible with a few clicks to share with selected users biomedical data in an easy, controlled and safe way. The digital library service is managed using a client–server approach. The client application is used to import, fuse and enrich the data information according to the PhysiomeSpace resource ontology and upload/download the data to the library. The server services are hosted on the Biomed Town community portal, where through a web interface, the user can complete the metadata curation and share and/or publish the data resources. A search service capitalizes on the domain ontology and on the enrichment of metadata for each resource, providing a powerful discovery environment. Once the users have found the data resources they are interested in, they can add them to their basket, following a metaphor popular in e-commerce web sites. When all the necessary resources have been selected, the user can download the basket contents into the client application. The digital library service is now in beta and open to the biomedical research community. PMID:20478910

Expedient construction of small molecule macroarrays via sequential palladium- and copper-mediated reactions and their ex situ biological testing.

PubMed

Frei, Reto; Breitbach, Anthony S; Blackwell, Helen E

2012-05-01

We report the highly efficient syntheses of a series of focused libraries in the small molecule macroarray format using Suzuki-Miyaura and copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (or "click") reactions. The libraries were based on stilbene and triazole scaffolds, which are known to have a broad range of biological activities, including quorum-sensing (QS) modulation in bacteria. The library products were generated in parallel on the macroarray in extremely short reaction times (~10-20 min) and isolated in excellent purities. Biological testing of one macroarray library post-cleavage (ex situ) revealed several potent agonists of the QS receptor, LuxR, in Vibrio fischeri. These synthetic agonists, in contrast to others that we have reported, were only active in the presence of the native QS signal in V. fischeri, which is suggestive of a different mode of activity. Notably, the results presented herein showcase the ready compatibility of the macroarray platform with chemical reactions that are commonly utilized in small molecule probe and drug discovery today. As such, this work serves to expand the utility of the small molecule macroarray as a rapid and operationally straightforward approach toward the synthesis and screening of bioactive agents.

PhysiomeSpace: digital library service for biomedical data.

PubMed

Testi, Debora; Quadrani, Paolo; Viceconti, Marco

2010-06-28

Every research laboratory has a wealth of biomedical data locked up, which, if shared with other experts, could dramatically improve biomedical and healthcare research. With the PhysiomeSpace service, it is now possible with a few clicks to share with selected users biomedical data in an easy, controlled and safe way. The digital library service is managed using a client-server approach. The client application is used to import, fuse and enrich the data information according to the PhysiomeSpace resource ontology and upload/download the data to the library. The server services are hosted on the Biomed Town community portal, where through a web interface, the user can complete the metadata curation and share and/or publish the data resources. A search service capitalizes on the domain ontology and on the enrichment of metadata for each resource, providing a powerful discovery environment. Once the users have found the data resources they are interested in, they can add them to their basket, following a metaphor popular in e-commerce web sites. When all the necessary resources have been selected, the user can download the basket contents into the client application. The digital library service is now in beta and open to the biomedical research community.

Taking control of your digital library: how modern citation managers do more than just referencing.

PubMed

Mahajan, Amit K; Hogarth, D Kyle

2013-12-01

Physicians are constantly navigating the overwhelming body of medical literature available on the Internet. Although early citation managers were capable of limited searching of index databases and tedious bibliography production, modern versions of citation managers such as EndNote, Zotero, and Mendeley are powerful web-based tools for searching, organizing, and sharing medical literature. Effortless point-and-click functions provide physicians with the ability to develop robust digital libraries filled with literature relevant to their fields of interest. In addition to easily creating manuscript bibliographies, various citation managers allow physicians to readily access medical literature, share references for teaching purposes, collaborate with colleagues, and even participate in social networking. If physicians are willing to invest the time to familiarize themselves with modern citation managers, they will reap great benefits in the future.

Engineering single-molecule, nanoscale, and microscale bio-functional materials via click chemistry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Daniele, Michael Angelo-Anthony

To expand the design envelope and supplement the materials library available to biomaterials scientists, the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuCAAC) was explored as a route to design, synthesize and characterize bio-functional small-molecules, nanoparticles, and microfibers. In each engineered system, the use of click chemistry provided facile, bio-orthogonal control for materials synthesis; moreover, the results provided a methodology and more complete, fundamental understanding of the use of click chemistry as a tool for the synergy of biotechnology, polymer and materials science. Fluorophores with well-defined photophysical characteristics (ranging from UV to NIR fluorescence) were used as building blocks for small-molecule, fluorescent biosensors. Fluorophores were paired to exhibit fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET) and used to probe the metabolic activity of carbazole 1,9a-dioxygenase (CARDO). The FRET pair exhibited a significant variation in PL response with exposure to the lysate of Pseudomonas resinovorans CA10, an organism which can degrade variants of both the donor and acceptor fluorophores. Nanoparticle systems were modified via CuCAAC chemistry to carry affinity tags for CARDO and were subsequently utilized for affinity based bioseparation of CARDO from crude cell lysate. The enzymes were baited with an azide-modified carbazolyl-moiety attached to a poly(propargyl acrylate) nanoparticle. Magnetic nanocluster systems were also modified via CuCAAC chemistry to carry fluorescent imaging tags. The iron-oxide nanoclusters were coated with poly(acrylic acid-co-propargyl acrylate) to provide a clickable surface. Ultimately, alternate Cu-free click chemistries were utilized to produce biohybrid microfibers. The biohybrid microfibers were synthesized under benign photopolymerization conditions inside a microchannel, allowing the encapsulation of viable bacteria. By adjusting pre-polymer solutions and laminar flow rates within the microchannel, the morphology, hydration, and thermal properties of the fibers were easily tuned. The methodology produced hydrogel fibers that sustained viable cells as demonstrated by the encapsulation and subsequent proliferation of Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli communities.

Health Care Worker Fatigue.

PubMed

Gardner, Lea Anne; Dubeck, Deborah

2016-08-01

The Pennsylvania Patient Safety Reporting System is a confidential, statewide Internet reporting system to which all Pennsylvania hospitals, outpatient-surgery facilities, birthing centers, and abortion facilities must file information on incidents and serious events.Safety Monitor is a column from Pennsylvania's Patient Safety Authority, the authority that informs nurses on issues that can affect patient safety and presents strategies they can easily integrate into practice. For more information on the authority, visit www.patientsafetyauthority.org. For the original article discussed in this column or for other articles on patient safety, click on "Patient Safety Advisories" and then "Advisory Library" in the left-hand navigation menu.

Disruption of the auditory response to a regular click train by a single, extra click.

PubMed

Lütkenhöner, Bernd; Patterson, Roy D

2015-06-01

It has been hypothesized that the steady-state response to a periodic sequence of clicks can be modeled as the superposition of responses to single clicks. Here, this hypothesis is challenged by presenting an extra click halfway between two consecutive clicks of a regular series, while measuring the auditory evoked field. After a solitary click at time zero, the click series sounded from 100 to 900 ms, with the extra click presented around 500 ms. The silent period between two stimulus sequences was 310-390 ms (uniformly distributed) so that one stimulation cycle lasted, on average, 1250 ms. Five different click rates between 20 and 60 Hz were examined. The disturbance caused by the extra click was revealed by subtracting the estimated steady-state response from the joint response to the click series and the extra click. The early peaks of the single-click response effectively coincide with same-polarity peaks of the 20-Hz steady-state response. Nevertheless, prediction of the latter from the former proved impossible. However, the 40-Hz steady-state response can be predicted reasonably well from the 20-Hz steady-state response. Somewhat surprisingly, the amplitude of the evoked response to the extra click grew when the click rate of the train was increased from 20 to 30 Hz; the opposite effect would have been expected from research on adaptation. The smaller amplitude at lower click rates might be explained by forward suppression. In this case, the apparent escape from suppression at higher rates might indicate that the clicks belonging to the periodic train are being integrated into an auditory stream, possibly in much the same manner as in classical stream segregation experiments.

Weaver's historic accessible collection of synthetic dyes: a cheminformatics analysis† †The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. ‡ ‡Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00567a Click here for additional data file.

PubMed Central

Kuenemann, Melaine A.; Szymczyk, Malgorzata; Chen, Yufei; Sultana, Nadia; Hinks, David; Freeman, Harold S.; Williams, Antony J.

2017-01-01

We present the Max Weaver Dye Library, a collection of ∼98 000 vials of custom-made and largely sparingly water-soluble dyes. Two years ago, the Eastman Chemical Company donated the library to North Carolina State University. This unique collection of chemicals, housed in the College of Textiles, also includes tens of thousands of fabric samples dyed using some of the library's compounds. Although the collection lies at the core of hundreds of patented inventions, the overwhelming majority of this chemical treasure trove has never been published or shared outside of a small group of scientists. Thus, the goal of this donation was to make this chemical collection, and associated data, available to interested parties in the research community. To date, we have digitized a subset of 2700 dyes which allowed us to start the constitutional and structural analysis of the collection using cheminformatics approaches. Herein, we open the discussion regarding the research opportunities offered by this unique library. PMID:28959395

jsPhyloSVG: a javascript library for visualizing interactive and vector-based phylogenetic trees on the web.

PubMed

Smits, Samuel A; Ouverney, Cleber C

2010-08-18

Many software packages have been developed to address the need for generating phylogenetic trees intended for print. With an increased use of the web to disseminate scientific literature, there is a need for phylogenetic trees to be viewable across many types of devices and feature some of the interactive elements that are integral to the browsing experience. We propose a novel approach for publishing interactive phylogenetic trees. We present a javascript library, jsPhyloSVG, which facilitates constructing interactive phylogenetic trees from raw Newick or phyloXML formats directly within the browser in Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) format. It is designed to work across all major browsers and renders an alternative format for those browsers that do not support SVG. The library provides tools for building rectangular and circular phylograms with integrated charting. Interactive features may be integrated and made to respond to events such as clicks on any element of the tree, including labels. jsPhyloSVG is an open-source solution for rendering dynamic phylogenetic trees. It is capable of generating complex and interactive phylogenetic trees across all major browsers without the need for plugins. It is novel in supporting the ability to interpret the tree inference formats directly, exposing the underlying markup to data-mining services. The library source code, extensive documentation and live examples are freely accessible at www.jsphylosvg.com.

A proposed national research and development agenda for population health informatics: summary recommendations from a national expert workshop.

PubMed

Kharrazi, Hadi; Lasser, Elyse C; Yasnoff, William A; Loonsk, John; Advani, Aneel; Lehmann, Harold P; Chin, David C; Weiner, Jonathan P

2017-01-01

The Johns Hopkins Center for Population Health IT hosted a 1-day symposium sponsored by the National Library of Medicine to help develop a national research and development (R&D) agenda for the emerging field of population health informatics (PopHI). The symposium provided a venue for national experts to brainstorm, identify, discuss, and prioritize the top challenges and opportunities in the PopHI field, as well as R&D areas to address these. This manuscript summarizes the findings of the PopHI symposium. The symposium participants' recommendations have been categorized into 13 overarching themes, including policy alignment, data governance, sustainability and incentives, and standards/interoperability. The proposed consensus-based national agenda for PopHI consisted of 18 priority recommendations grouped into 4 broad goals: (1) Developing a standardized collaborative framework and infrastructure, (2) Advancing technical tools and methods, (3) Developing a scientific evidence and knowledge base, and (4) Developing an appropriate framework for policy, privacy, and sustainability. There was a substantial amount of agreement between all the participants on the challenges and opportunities for PopHI as well as on the actions that needed to be taken to address these. PopHI is a rapidly growing field that has emerged to address the population dimension of the Triple Aim. The proposed PopHI R&D agenda is comprehensive and timely, but should be considered only a starting-point, given that ongoing developments in health policy, population health management, and informatics are very dynamic, suggesting that the agenda will require constant monitoring and updating. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Medical Informatics Association. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

A proposed national research and development agenda for population health informatics: summary recommendations from a national expert workshop

PubMed Central

Lasser, Elyse C; Yasnoff, William A; Loonsk, John; Advani, Aneel; Lehmann, Harold P; Chin, David C; Weiner, Jonathan P

2017-01-01

Objective: The Johns Hopkins Center for Population Health IT hosted a 1-day symposium sponsored by the National Library of Medicine to help develop a national research and development (R&D) agenda for the emerging field of population health informatics (PopHI). Material and Methods: The symposium provided a venue for national experts to brainstorm, identify, discuss, and prioritize the top challenges and opportunities in the PopHI field, as well as R&D areas to address these. Results: This manuscript summarizes the findings of the PopHI symposium. The symposium participants’ recommendations have been categorized into 13 overarching themes, including policy alignment, data governance, sustainability and incentives, and standards/interoperability. Discussion: The proposed consensus-based national agenda for PopHI consisted of 18 priority recommendations grouped into 4 broad goals: (1) Developing a standardized collaborative framework and infrastructure, (2) Advancing technical tools and methods, (3) Developing a scientific evidence and knowledge base, and (4) Developing an appropriate framework for policy, privacy, and sustainability. There was a substantial amount of agreement between all the participants on the challenges and opportunities for PopHI as well as on the actions that needed to be taken to address these. Conclusion: PopHI is a rapidly growing field that has emerged to address the population dimension of the Triple Aim. The proposed PopHI R&D agenda is comprehensive and timely, but should be considered only a starting-point, given that ongoing developments in health policy, population health management, and informatics are very dynamic, suggesting that the agenda will require constant monitoring and updating. PMID:27018264

6-Azido hyacinthacine A2 gives a straightforward access to the first multivalent pyrrolizidine architectures.

PubMed

D'Adamio, Giampiero; Parmeggiani, Camilla; Goti, Andrea; Moreno-Vargas, Antonio J; Moreno-Clavijo, Elena; Robina, Inmaculada; Cardona, Francesca

2014-08-28

The synthesis of the first multivalent pyrrolizidine iminosugars is reported. The key azido intermediates 4 and 31 were prepared after suitable synthetic elaboration of the cycloadduct obtained from 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of D-arabinose derived nitrone to dimethylacrylamide. The key step of the strategy was the stereoselective installation of an azido moiety at C-6 of the pyrrolizidine skeleton. The click reaction with different monovalent and dendrimeric alkyne scaffolds allowed the preparation of a library of new mono- and multivalent pyrrolizidine compounds that were preliminarily assayed as glycosidase inhibitors towards a panel of commercially available glycosyl hydrolases.

Caring for class III obese patients.

PubMed

Gardner, Lea Anne

2013-11-01

The Pennsylvania Patient Safety Reporting System is a confidential, statewide Internet reporting system to which all Pennsylvania hospitals, outpatient-surgery facilities, and birthing centers, as well as some abortion facilities, must file information on medical errors.Safety Monitor is a column from Pennsylvania's Patient Safety Authority, the authority that informs nurses on issues that can affect patient safety and presents strategies they can easily integrate into practice. For more information on the authority, visit www.patientsafetyauthority.org. For the original article discussed in this column or for other articles on patient safety, click on "Patient Safety Advisories" and then "Advisory Library" in the left-hand navigation menu.

[Establishment and management of electronic appointment library for dental implant patients].

PubMed

Dong, Zheng-jie; Xu, Kan

2013-10-01

To design an excel form which can prompt dental implant patient appointment through color change, which can scientifically manage implant EMR library through appropriate interlinkage and number. An excel form based on operating system Windows XP was designed and software 2003 Microsoft excel was used, which was configured to change color with the passage of time by the use of command "conditional format". An excel form was designed. The color turned to red automatically on the day the patient underwent implant surgery. It turned to yellow when the patient recalled 2 weeks after the first operation, to green when the patient underwent secondary operation. It was designed to be gray when all the procedures of implant restoration was finished. In addition, we could know patients' main implant situation through directly opening his EMR when clicking on his name or number. Dentists can remind the implant patient appointment schedule through color change of an excel form, and can consult the implant patient EMR directly through interlinkage or number.

Automated classification of dolphin echolocation click types from the Gulf of Mexico.

PubMed

Frasier, Kaitlin E; Roch, Marie A; Soldevilla, Melissa S; Wiggins, Sean M; Garrison, Lance P; Hildebrand, John A

2017-12-01

Delphinids produce large numbers of short duration, broadband echolocation clicks which may be useful for species classification in passive acoustic monitoring efforts. A challenge in echolocation click classification is to overcome the many sources of variability to recognize underlying patterns across many detections. An automated unsupervised network-based classification method was developed to simulate the approach a human analyst uses when categorizing click types: Clusters of similar clicks were identified by incorporating multiple click characteristics (spectral shape and inter-click interval distributions) to distinguish within-type from between-type variation, and identify distinct, persistent click types. Once click types were established, an algorithm for classifying novel detections using existing clusters was tested. The automated classification method was applied to a dataset of 52 million clicks detected across five monitoring sites over two years in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Seven distinct click types were identified, one of which is known to be associated with an acoustically identifiable delphinid (Risso's dolphin) and six of which are not yet identified. All types occurred at multiple monitoring locations, but the relative occurrence of types varied, particularly between continental shelf and slope locations. Automatically-identified click types from autonomous seafloor recorders without verifiable species identification were compared with clicks detected on sea-surface towed hydrophone arrays in the presence of visually identified delphinid species. These comparisons suggest potential species identities for the animals producing some echolocation click types. The network-based classification method presented here is effective for rapid, unsupervised delphinid click classification across large datasets in which the click types may not be known a priori.

Automated classification of dolphin echolocation click types from the Gulf of Mexico

PubMed Central

Roch, Marie A.; Soldevilla, Melissa S.; Wiggins, Sean M.; Garrison, Lance P.; Hildebrand, John A.

2017-01-01

Delphinids produce large numbers of short duration, broadband echolocation clicks which may be useful for species classification in passive acoustic monitoring efforts. A challenge in echolocation click classification is to overcome the many sources of variability to recognize underlying patterns across many detections. An automated unsupervised network-based classification method was developed to simulate the approach a human analyst uses when categorizing click types: Clusters of similar clicks were identified by incorporating multiple click characteristics (spectral shape and inter-click interval distributions) to distinguish within-type from between-type variation, and identify distinct, persistent click types. Once click types were established, an algorithm for classifying novel detections using existing clusters was tested. The automated classification method was applied to a dataset of 52 million clicks detected across five monitoring sites over two years in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Seven distinct click types were identified, one of which is known to be associated with an acoustically identifiable delphinid (Risso’s dolphin) and six of which are not yet identified. All types occurred at multiple monitoring locations, but the relative occurrence of types varied, particularly between continental shelf and slope locations. Automatically-identified click types from autonomous seafloor recorders without verifiable species identification were compared with clicks detected on sea-surface towed hydrophone arrays in the presence of visually identified delphinid species. These comparisons suggest potential species identities for the animals producing some echolocation click types. The network-based classification method presented here is effective for rapid, unsupervised delphinid click classification across large datasets in which the click types may not be known a priori. PMID:29216184

Proceedings of the Nautical Almanac Office Sesquicentennial Symposium Held in Washington, The District of Columbia on March 3-4, 1999

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-03-01

Laboratory. While I was at USNO I was allocated a roll-top desk (previously used by H. R. Morgan) in the Library, and so I did not interact with the NAO...Tables de la lune construites d’apr~s le principe newtonien de la gravitation universelle would not be published until 1857. They were, on the other...the methodical calculations for the astronomical tables, Newcomb had much free time in his daily schedule of work. He allocated some of the hours to

Click rates and silences of sperm whales at Kaikoura, New Zealand

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Douglas, Lesley A.; Dawson, Stephen M.; Jaquet, Nathalie

2005-07-01

Analysis of the usual click rates of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) at Kaikoura, New Zealand, confirms the potential for assessing abundance via ``click counting.'' Usual click rates over three dive cycles each of three photographically identified whales showed that 5 min averages of usual click rate did not differ significantly within dives, among dives of the same whale or among whales. Over the nine dives (n=13 728 clicks) mean usual click rate was 1.272 clicks s-1 (95% CI=0.151). On average, individual sperm whales at Kaikoura spent 60% of their time usual clicking in winter and in summer. There was no evidence that whale identity or stage of the dive recorded affects significantly the percentage of time spent usual clicking. Differences in vocal behavior among sperm whale populations worldwide indicate that estimates of abundance that are based on click rates need to based on data from the population of interest, rather than from another population or some global average.

Hearing Sensation Levels of Emitted Biosonar Clicks in an Echolocating Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphin

PubMed Central

Li, Songhai; Nachtigall, Paul E.; Breese, Marlee; Supin, Alexander Ya.

2012-01-01

Emitted biosonar clicks and auditory evoked potential (AEP) responses triggered by the clicks were synchronously recorded during echolocation in an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) trained to wear suction-cup EEG electrodes and to detect targets by echolocation. Three targets with target strengths of −34, −28, and −22 dB were used at distances of 2 to 6.5 m for each target. The AEP responses were sorted according to the corresponding emitted click source levels in 5-dB bins and averaged within each bin to extract biosonar click-related AEPs from noise. The AEP amplitudes were measured peak-to-peak and plotted as a function of click source levels for each target type, distance, and target-present or target-absent condition. Hearing sensation levels of the biosonar clicks were evaluated by comparing the functions of the biosonar click-related AEP amplitude-versus-click source level to a function of external (in free field) click-related AEP amplitude-versus-click sound pressure level. The results indicated that the dolphin's hearing sensation levels to her own biosonar clicks were equal to that of external clicks with sound pressure levels 16 to 36 dB lower than the biosonar click source levels, varying with target type, distance, and condition. These data may be assumed to indicate that the bottlenose dolphin possesses effective protection mechanisms to isolate the self-produced intense biosonar beam from the animal's ears during echolocation. PMID:22238654

Hearing sensation levels of emitted biosonar clicks in an echolocating Atlantic bottlenose dolphin.

PubMed

Li, Songhai; Nachtigall, Paul E; Breese, Marlee; Supin, Alexander Ya

2012-01-01

Emitted biosonar clicks and auditory evoked potential (AEP) responses triggered by the clicks were synchronously recorded during echolocation in an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) trained to wear suction-cup EEG electrodes and to detect targets by echolocation. Three targets with target strengths of -34, -28, and -22 dB were used at distances of 2 to 6.5 m for each target. The AEP responses were sorted according to the corresponding emitted click source levels in 5-dB bins and averaged within each bin to extract biosonar click-related AEPs from noise. The AEP amplitudes were measured peak-to-peak and plotted as a function of click source levels for each target type, distance, and target-present or target-absent condition. Hearing sensation levels of the biosonar clicks were evaluated by comparing the functions of the biosonar click-related AEP amplitude-versus-click source level to a function of external (in free field) click-related AEP amplitude-versus-click sound pressure level. The results indicated that the dolphin's hearing sensation levels to her own biosonar clicks were equal to that of external clicks with sound pressure levels 16 to 36 dB lower than the biosonar click source levels, varying with target type, distance, and condition. These data may be assumed to indicate that the bottlenose dolphin possesses effective protection mechanisms to isolate the self-produced intense biosonar beam from the animal's ears during echolocation.

Evoked-potential recovery during double click stimulation in a whale: a possibility of biosonar automatic gain control.

PubMed

Supin, Alexander Ya; Nachtigall, Paul E; Breese, Marlee

2007-01-01

False killer whale Pseudorca crassidens auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were recorded using a double-click stimulation paradigm specifically measuring the recovery of the second response (to the test click) as a function of the inter-click interval (ICI) at various levels of the conditioning and test click. At all click intensities, the slopes of recovery functions were almost constant: 0.6-0.8 microV per ICI decade. Therefore, even when the conditioning-to-test-click level ratio was kept constant, the duration of recovery was intensity-dependent: The higher intensity the longer the recovery. The conditioning-to-test-click level ratio strongly influenced the recovery time: The higher the ratio, the longer the recovery. The dependence was almost linear using a logarithmic ICI scale with a rate of 25-30 dB per ICI decade. These data were used for modeling the interaction between the emitted click and the echo during echolocation, assuming that the two clicks simulated the transmitted and echo clicks. This simulation showed that partial masking of the echo by the preceding emitted click may explain the independence of echo-response amplitude of target distance. However, the distance range where this mechanism is effective depends on the emitted click level: The higher the level, the greater the range. @ 2007 Acoustical Society of America.

Neural representation of the self-heard biosonar click in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus).

PubMed

Finneran, James J; Mulsow, Jason; Houser, Dorian S; Schlundt, Carolyn E

2017-05-01

The neural representation of the dolphin broadband biosonar click was investigated by measuring auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) to "self-heard" clicks masked with noise bursts having various high-pass cutoff frequencies. Narrowband ABRs were obtained by sequentially subtracting responses obtained with noise having lower high-pass cutoff frequencies from those obtained with noise having higher cutoff frequencies. For comparison to the biosonar data, ABRs were also measured in a passive listening experiment, where external clicks and masking noise were presented to the dolphins and narrowband ABRs were again derived using the subtractive high-pass noise technique. The results showed little change in the peak latencies of the ABR to the self-heard click from 28 to 113 kHz; i.e., the high-frequency neural responses to the self-heard click were delayed relative to those of an external, spectrally "pink" click. The neural representation of the self-heard click is thus highly synchronous across the echolocation frequencies and does not strongly resemble that of a frequency modulated downsweep (i.e., decreasing-frequency chirp). Longer ABR latencies at higher frequencies are hypothesized to arise from spectral differences between self-heard clicks and external clicks, forward masking from previously emitted biosonar clicks, or neural inhibition accompanying the emission of clicks.

Neural representation of the self-heard biosonar click in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

PubMed Central

Finneran, James J.; Mulsow, Jason; Houser, Dorian S.; Schlundt, Carolyn E.

2017-01-01

The neural representation of the dolphin broadband biosonar click was investigated by measuring auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) to “self-heard” clicks masked with noise bursts having various high-pass cutoff frequencies. Narrowband ABRs were obtained by sequentially subtracting responses obtained with noise having lower high-pass cutoff frequencies from those obtained with noise having higher cutoff frequencies. For comparison to the biosonar data, ABRs were also measured in a passive listening experiment, where external clicks and masking noise were presented to the dolphins and narrowband ABRs were again derived using the subtractive high-pass noise technique. The results showed little change in the peak latencies of the ABR to the self-heard click from 28 to 113 kHz; i.e., the high-frequency neural responses to the self-heard click were delayed relative to those of an external, spectrally “pink” click. The neural representation of the self-heard click is thus highly synchronous across the echolocation frequencies and does not strongly resemble that of a frequency modulated downsweep (i.e., decreasing-frequency chirp). Longer ABR latencies at higher frequencies are hypothesized to arise from spectral differences between self-heard clicks and external clicks, forward masking from previously emitted biosonar clicks, or neural inhibition accompanying the emission of clicks. PMID:28599518

The ZeroAccess Auto-Clicking and Search-Hijacking Click Fraud Modules

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-16

payloads and instead began distributing Bitcoin miners and click fraud modules.3 From a technical perspective, the primary click fraud malware used in...this era operated in the indiscriminate “auto-clicking” fashion we describe in Section 5. Alongside the click fraud and Bitcoin payloads, ZeroAccess

Echolocation-Based Foraging by Harbor Porpoises and Sperm Whales, Including Effects on Noise and Acoustic Propagation

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-01

Behavioural Point Process Data 234 Appendix B: Matlab Code 258 Matlab Code Used in Chapter 2 (Porpoise Prey Capture Analysis) 258 Click Extraction and...Measurement of Click Properties 258 Envelope-based Click Detector 262 Matlab Code Used in Chapter 3 (Transmission Loss in Porpoise Habitats) ..267...Click Extraction from Data Wavefiles 267 Click Level Determination (Grand Manan Datasets) 270 Click Level Determination (Danish Datasets) 287 Matlab

National Centers for Environmental Prediction

Science.gov Websites

NAM Specifications/References [<--click here] Rapid Refresh (RAP) [<--click here] High -Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) [<--click here] Short-range Ensemble Forecast (SREF) system [<--click

Stereotypical rapid source level regulation in the harbour porpoise biosonar

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Linnenschmidt, Meike; Kloepper, Laura N.; Wahlberg, Magnus; Nachtigall, Paul E.

2012-09-01

Some odontocetes and bats vary both click intensity and receiver sensitivity during echolocation, depending on target range. It is not known how this so-called automatic gain control is regulated by the animal. The source level of consecutive echolocation clicks from a harbour porpoise was measured with a hydrophone array while the animal detected an aluminium cylinder at 2, 4 or 8 m distance in a go/no-go paradigm. On-axis clicks had source levels of 145-174 dB re 1 μPa peak-to-peak. During target-present trials the click trains reached comparable source levels independent of the range to the target after three clicks. After an additional click, the source level was reduced for the 2 and 4 m trials until it equalled the one-way transmission loss. During target-absent trials, the source level remained high throughout the entire click train. Given typical values of harbour porpoise inter-click intervals, the source level reduction commenced within a few 100 ms from the first click in the click train. This may indicate a sub-cortically regulated source level regulation in the harbour porpoise.

Dual mechanisms in the perceptual processing of click train temporal regularity.

PubMed

Phillips, Dennis P; Dingle, Rachel N; Hall, Susan E; Jang, Moragh

2012-07-01

Two experiments measured human sensitivity to temporal jitter in 25-click trains with inter-click intervals (ICIs) between 5 and 100 ms. In a naturalistic experiment using wideband clicks, jitter thresholds were a nonmonotonic function of ICI, peaking for ICIs near 40-60 ms. In a subsequent experiment, clicks were high-passed and presented against a low-frequency noise masker. Jitter threshold vs ICI functions lost the positive slope over short ICIs but retained the negative slope at long ICIs. The same behavior was seen in click rate discrimination tasks. Different processes mediate regularity analysis for click trains with ICIs above and below 40-60 ms.

WPC Maximum Heat Index Forecasts

Science.gov Websites

Forecasts for Western US CLICK ON MAPS FOR MAXIMUM HEAT INDEX AND PROBABILITY FORECASTS FROM SUN MAY 27 2018 02 CLICK to view SAT JUN 02 forecast SUN JUN 03 CLICK to view SUN JUN 03 forecast SUN JUN 03 CLICK to view SUN JUN 03 forecast SUN JUN 03 CLICK to view SUN JUN 03 forecast SUN JUN 03 CLICK to view SUN JUN

Assessing the biocompatibility of click-linked DNA in Escherichia coli

PubMed Central

Sanzone, A. Pia; El-Sagheer, Afaf H.; Brown, Tom; Tavassoli, Ali

2012-01-01

The biocompatibility of a triazole mimic of the DNA phosphodiester linkage in Escherichia coli has been evaluated. The requirement for selective pressure on the click-containing gene was probed via a plasmid containing click DNA backbone linkages in each strand of the gene encoding the fluorescent protein mCherry. The effect of proximity of the click linkers on their biocompatibility was also probed by placing two click DNA linkers 4-bp apart at the region encoding the fluorophore of the fluorescent protein. The resulting click-containing plasmid was found to encode mCherry in E. coli at a similar level to the canonical equivalent. The ability of the cellular machinery to read through click-linked DNA was further probed by using the above click-linked plasmid to express mCherry using an in vitro transcription/translation system, and found to also be similar to that from canonical DNA. The yield and fluorescence of recombinant mCherry expressed from the click-linked plasmid was also compared to that from the canonical equivalent, and found to be the same. The biocompatibility of click DNA ligation sites at close proximity in a non-essential gene demonstrated in E. coli suggests the possibility of using click DNA ligation for the enzyme-free assembly of chemically modified genes and genomes. PMID:22904087

What clicks actually mean: Exploring digital news user practices.

PubMed

Kormelink, Tim Groot; Meijer, Irene Costera

2018-05-01

This article problematizes the relationship between clicks and audience interests. Clicking patterns are often seen as evidence that news users are mostly interested in junk news, leading to concerns about the state of journalism and the implications for society. Asking and observing how 56 users actually browse news and what clicking and not clicking mean to them, we identified 30 distinct considerations for (not) clicking and classified them into three categories: cognitive, affective and pragmatic. The results suggest, first, that interest is too crude a term to account for the variety of people's considerations for (not) clicking. Second, even if one aims for roughly estimating people's news interests, clicks are a flawed instrument because a lack of clicking does not measure people's lack of interest in news. Third, taking users' browsing patterns seriously could help bridge the gap between what people need as citizens and what they actually consume. Finally, we argue that all metrics should be critically assessed from a user perspective rather than taken at face value.

What clicks actually mean: Exploring digital news user practices

PubMed Central

Kormelink, Tim Groot; Meijer, Irene Costera

2017-01-01

This article problematizes the relationship between clicks and audience interests. Clicking patterns are often seen as evidence that news users are mostly interested in junk news, leading to concerns about the state of journalism and the implications for society. Asking and observing how 56 users actually browse news and what clicking and not clicking mean to them, we identified 30 distinct considerations for (not) clicking and classified them into three categories: cognitive, affective and pragmatic. The results suggest, first, that interest is too crude a term to account for the variety of people’s considerations for (not) clicking. Second, even if one aims for roughly estimating people’s news interests, clicks are a flawed instrument because a lack of clicking does not measure people’s lack of interest in news. Third, taking users’ browsing patterns seriously could help bridge the gap between what people need as citizens and what they actually consume. Finally, we argue that all metrics should be critically assessed from a user perspective rather than taken at face value. PMID:29782573

Stereotypical rapid source level regulation in the harbour porpoise biosonar.

PubMed

Linnenschmidt, Meike; Kloepper, Laura N; Wahlberg, Magnus; Nachtigall, Paul E

2012-09-01

Some odontocetes and bats vary both click intensity and receiver sensitivity during echolocation, depending on target range. It is not known how this so-called automatic gain control is regulated by the animal. The source level of consecutive echolocation clicks from a harbour porpoise was measured with a hydrophone array while the animal detected an aluminium cylinder at 2, 4 or 8 m distance in a go/no-go paradigm. On-axis clicks had source levels of 145-174 dB re 1 μPa peak-to-peak. During target-present trials the click trains reached comparable source levels independent of the range to the target after three clicks. After an additional click, the source level was reduced for the 2 and 4 m trials until it equalled the one-way transmission loss. During target-absent trials, the source level remained high throughout the entire click train. Given typical values of harbour porpoise inter-click intervals, the source level reduction commenced within a few 100 ms from the first click in the click train. This may indicate a sub-cortically regulated source level regulation in the harbour porpoise.

A diversity-oriented synthesis strategy enabling the combinatorial-type variation of macrocyclic peptidomimetic scaffolds† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental procedures, characterization data and details of the computational analyses. See DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00371g Click here for additional data file.

PubMed Central

Isidro-Llobet, Albert; Hadje Georgiou, Kathy; Galloway, Warren R. J. D.; Giacomini, Elisa; Hansen, Mette R.; Méndez-Abt, Gabriela; Tan, Yaw Sing; Carro, Laura; Sore, Hannah F.

2015-01-01

Macrocyclic peptidomimetics are associated with a broad range of biological activities. However, despite such potentially valuable properties, the macrocyclic peptidomimetic structural class is generally considered as being poorly explored within drug discovery. This has been attributed to the lack of general methods for producing collections of macrocyclic peptidomimetics with high levels of structural, and thus shape, diversity. In particular, there is a lack of scaffold diversity in current macrocyclic peptidomimetic libraries; indeed, the efficient construction of diverse molecular scaffolds presents a formidable general challenge to the synthetic chemist. Herein we describe a new, advanced strategy for the diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) of macrocyclic peptidomimetics that enables the combinatorial variation of molecular scaffolds (core macrocyclic ring architectures). The generality and robustness of this DOS strategy is demonstrated by the step-efficient synthesis of a structurally diverse library of over 200 macrocyclic peptidomimetic compounds, each based around a distinct molecular scaffold and isolated in milligram quantities, from readily available building-blocks. To the best of our knowledge this represents an unprecedented level of scaffold diversity in a synthetically derived library of macrocyclic peptidomimetics. Cheminformatic analysis indicated that the library compounds access regions of chemical space that are distinct from those addressed by top-selling brand-name drugs and macrocyclic natural products, illustrating the value of our DOS approach to sample regions of chemical space underexploited in current drug discovery efforts. An analysis of three-dimensional molecular shapes illustrated that the DOS library has a relatively high level of shape diversity. PMID:25778821

Library of Antifouling Surfaces Derived From Natural Amino Acids by Click Reaction.

PubMed

Xu, Chen; Hu, Xin; Wang, Jie; Zhang, Ye-Min; Liu, Xiao-Jiu; Xie, Bin-Bin; Yao, Chen; Li, Yi; Li, Xin-Song

2015-08-12

Biofouling is of great concern in numerous applications ranging from ophthalmological implants to catheters, and from bioseparation to biosensors. In this report, a general and facile strategy to combat surface fouling is developed by grafting of amino acids onto polymer substrates to form zwitterionic structure through amino groups induced epoxy ring opening click reaction. First of all, a library of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) hydrogels with zwitterionic surfaces were prepared, resulting in the formation of pairs of carboxyl anions and protonated secondary amino cations. The analysis of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the successful immobilization of amino acids on the hydrogel surfaces. After that, the contact angle and equilibrium water content of the modified hydrogels showed that the hydrogels exhibited improved hydrophilicity compared with the parent hydrogel. Furthermore, the protein deposition was evaluated by bicinchoninic acid assay using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme as models. The results indicated that the performance of the hydrogels was determined by the nature of incorporated amino acid: the hydrogels incorporated with neutral amino acids had nonspecific antiadsorption capability to both BSA and lysozyme; the hydrogels incorporated with charged amino acids showed antiadsorption behaviors against protein with same charge and enhanced adsorption to the protein with opposite charge; the optimal antiadsorption performance was observed on the hydrogels incorporated with polar amino acids with a hydroxyl residual. The improvement of antiprotein fouling of the neutral amino acids grafted hydrogels can be ascribed to the formation of zwitterionic surfaces. Finally, a couple of soft contact lenses grafted with amino acids were fabricated having improved antifouling property and hydrophilicity. The result demonstrated the success of amino acids based zwitterionic antifouling strategy in ophthalmology. This strategy is also applicable to substrates including filtration membranes, microspheres and nanofibers as well. It is a versatile method for amino acids grafting onto polymer substrates to construct zwitterionic surfaces and achieve antifouling properties.

Click chemistry in the Development of Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

PubMed Central

Hapuarachchige, Sudath; Artemov, Dmitri

2016-01-01

Click chemistry provides fast, convenient, versatile and reliable chemical reactions that take place between pairs of functional groups of small molecules that can be purified without chromatographic methods. Due to the fast kinetics and low or no elimination of byproducts, click chemistry is a promising approach that is rapidly gaining acceptance in drug discovery, radiochemistry, bioconjugation, and nanoscience applications. Increasing use of click chemistry in synthetic procedures or as a bioconjugation technique in diagnostic imaging is occurring because click reactions are fast, provide a quantitative yield, and produce minimal amount of nontoxic byproducts. This review summarizes the recent application of click chemistry in magnetic resonance imaging and discusses the directions for applying novel click reactions and strategies for further improving MRI performance. PMID:27748712

Effect of Broadband Nature of Marine Mammal Echolocation Clicks on Click-Based Population Density Estimates

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-30

initially on beaked whales (Blainville’s or Cuvier’s), for which high quality click recordings of clicks are available from DTAG data, as these are known...will be applied also to other species such as sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) (whose high source level assures long range detection and amplifies...REFERENCES Gillespie, D. and Leaper, R. (1996). Detection of sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus clicks and discrimination of individual vocalizations

Effect of Broadband Nature of Marine Mammal Echolocation Clicks on Click-Based Population Density Estimates

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-30

research will focus initially on beaked whales (Blainville’s or Cuvier’s), for which high quality click recordings of clicks are available from DTAG...The same methodology will be applied also to other species such as sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) (whose high source level assures long range...Thomas, University of St. Andrews). REFERENCES Gillespie, D. and Leaper, R. (1996). Detection of sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus clicks and

A multicomponent CuAAC "click" approach to a library of hybrid polydentate 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole ligands: new building blocks for the generation of metallosupramolecular architectures.

PubMed

Crowley, James D; Bandeen, Pauline H

2010-01-14

A one pot, multicomponent CuAAC reaction has been exploited for the safe generation of alkyl, benzyl or aryl linked polydentate pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole ligands from their corresponding halides, sodium azide and alkynes in excellent yields. The ligands have been fully characterised by elemental analysis, HR-ESMS, IR, (1)H and (13)C NMR and in two cases the structures were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Additionally, we have examined the Ag(I) coordination chemistry of these ligands and found, using HR-ESMS, (1)H NMR, and X-ray crystallography, that both discrete and polymeric metallosupramolecular architectures can be formed.

The function of male sperm whale slow clicks in a high latitude habitat: communication, echolocation, or prey debilitation?

PubMed

Oliveira, Cláudia; Wahlberg, Magnus; Johnson, Mark; Miller, Patrick J O; Madsen, Peter T

2013-05-01

Sperm whales produce different click types for echolocation and communication. Usual clicks and buzzes appear to be used primarily in foraging while codas are thought to function in social communication. The function of slow clicks is less clear, but they appear to be produced by males at higher latitudes, where they primarily forage solitarily, and on the breeding grounds, where they roam between groups of females. Here the behavioral context in which these vocalizations are produced and the function they may serve was investigated. Ninety-nine hours of acoustic and diving data were analyzed from sound recording tags on six male sperm whales in Northern Norway. The 755 slow clicks detected were produced by tagged animals at the surface (52%), ascending from a dive (37%), and during the bottom phase (11%), but never during the descent. Slow clicks were not associated with the production of buzzes, other echolocation clicks, or fast maneuvering that would indicate foraging. Some slow clicks were emitted in seemingly repetitive temporal patterns supporting the hypothesis that the function for slow clicks on the feeding grounds is long range communication between males, possibly relaying information about individual identity or behavioral states.

Click chemistry for the conservation of cellular structures and fluorescent proteins: ClickOx.

PubMed

Löschberger, Anna; Niehörster, Thomas; Sauer, Markus

2014-05-01

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide, are known to cause structural damage not only in living, but also in fixed, cells. Copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click chemistry) is known to produce ROS. Therefore, fluorescence imaging of cellular structures, such as the actin cytoskeleton, remains challenging when combined with click chemistry protocols. In addition, the production of ROS substantially weakens the fluorescence signal of fluorescent proteins. This led us to develop ClickOx, which is a new click chemistry protocol for improved conservation of the actin structure and better conservation of the fluorescence signal of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion proteins. Herein we demonstrate that efficient oxygen removal by addition of an enzymatic oxygen scavenger system (ClickOx) considerably reduces ROS-associated damage during labeling of nascent DNA with ATTO 488 azide by Cu(I)-catalyzed click chemistry. Standard confocal and super-resolution fluorescence images of phalloidin-labeled actin filaments and GFP/yellow fluorescent protein-labeled cells verify the conservation of the cytoskeleton microstructure and fluorescence intensity, respectively. Thus, ClickOx can be used advantageously for structure preservation in conventional and most notably in super-resolution microscopy methods. Copyright © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Evaluation of tooth-click triggering and speech recognition in assistive technology for computer access.

PubMed

Simpson, Tyler; Gauthier, Michel; Prochazka, Arthur

2010-02-01

Computer access can play an important role in employment and leisure activities following spinal cord injury. The authors' prior work has shown that a tooth-click detecting device, when paired with an optical head mouse, may be used by people with tetraplegia for controlling cursor movement and mouse button clicks. To compare the efficacy of tooth clicks to speech recognition and that of an optical head mouse to a gyrometer head mouse for cursor and mouse button control of a computer. Six able-bodied and 3 tetraplegic subjects used the devices listed above to produce cursor movements and mouse clicks in response to a series of prompts displayed on a computer. The time taken to move to and click on each target was recorded. The use of tooth clicks in combination with either an optical head mouse or a gyrometer head mouse can provide hands-free cursor movement and mouse button control at a speed of up to 22% of that of a standard mouse. Tooth clicks were significantly faster at generating mouse button clicks than speech recognition when paired with either type of head mouse device. Tooth-click detection performed better than speech recognition when paired with both the optical head mouse and the gyrometer head mouse. Such a system may improve computer access for people with tetraplegia.

Cheminformatics and Computational Chemistry: A Powerful ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The registration of new chemicals under the Toxicological Substances Control Act (TSCA) and new pesticides under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) requires knowledge of the process science underlying the transformation of organic chemicals in natural ecosystems. The purpose of this presentation is to demonstrate how cheminformatics using chemical terms language in combination with the output of physicochemical property calculators can be employed to encode this knowledge and make it available to the appropriate decision makers. The encoded process science is realized through the execution of reaction libraries in simulators such as EPA’s Chemical Transformation Simulator (CTS). In support of the CTS, reaction libraries have or are currently being developed for a number of transformation processes including hydrolysis, abiotic reduction, photolysis and disinfection by-product formation. Examples of how the process science available in the peer-reviewed literature is being encoded will be presented. Presented at the 252nd American Chemical Society National Meeting:Aquatic Chemistry: Symposium in Honor of Professor Alan T. Stone

Sound source localization identification accuracy: Envelope dependencies.

PubMed

Yost, William A

2017-07-01

Sound source localization accuracy as measured in an identification procedure in a front azimuth sound field was studied for click trains, modulated noises, and a modulated tonal carrier. Sound source localization accuracy was determined as a function of the number of clicks in a 64 Hz click train and click rate for a 500 ms duration click train. The clicks were either broadband or high-pass filtered. Sound source localization accuracy was also measured for a single broadband filtered click and compared to a similar broadband filtered, short-duration noise. Sound source localization accuracy was determined as a function of sinusoidal amplitude modulation and the "transposed" process of modulation of filtered noises and a 4 kHz tone. Different rates (16 to 512 Hz) of modulation (including unmodulated conditions) were used. Providing modulation for filtered click stimuli, filtered noises, and the 4 kHz tone had, at most, a very small effect on sound source localization accuracy. These data suggest that amplitude modulation, while providing information about interaural time differences in headphone studies, does not have much influence on sound source localization accuracy in a sound field.

Cloning and characterization of luciferase from a Fijian luminous click beetle.

PubMed

Mitani, Yasuo; Futahashi, Ryo; Niwa, Kazuki; Ohba, Nobuyoshi; Ohmiya, Yoshihiro

2013-01-01

Luminous click beetle is distributed almost exclusively in Central and South America with a single genus in Melanesia. Among these click beetles, the description of Melanesian species has been fragmentary, and its luciferase gene and phylogenetic relation to other click beetles still remain uncertain. We collected a living luminous click beetle, Photophorus jansonii in Fiji. It emits green-yellow light from two spots on the pronotum and has no ventral luminous organ. Here, we cloned a luciferase gene from this insect by RT-PCR. The deduced amino acid sequence showed high identity of ~85% to the luciferases derived from other click beetle species. The luciferase of the Fijian click beetle was produced as a recombinant protein to characterize its biochemical properties. The Km for D-luciferin and ATP were 173 and 270 μm, respectively. The luciferase was pH-insensitive and the spectrum measured at pH 8.0 showed a peak at 559 nm, which was in the range of green-yellow light as seen in the luminous spot of the living Fijian click beetle. The Fijian click beetle luciferase was assigned to the Elateridae clade by a phylogenetic analysis, but it made a clearly different branch from Pyrophorus group examined in this study. © 2013 The American Society of Photobiology.

'Click chemistry' for diagnosis: a patent review on exploitation of its emerging trends.

PubMed

Mandhare, Anita; Banerjee, Paromita; Bhutkar, Smita; Hirwani, Rajkumar

2014-12-01

Click chemistry is the novel synthetic approach towards developing reactions with large thermodynamic driving forces to give almost complete conversion of new molecular reagents to a single product. Thus, click chemistry describes the chemistry for making carbon-heteroatom-carbon bonds in benign solvents, especially in water, and having a plethora of chemical and biological applications. This has played an important role in early detection of diseases, real-time monitoring of drug delivery and investigating the biomolecular functions in vivo. This review aims at highlighting the research advancements in click chemistry published in the patent literature and categorizing the patents according to the technological progress. An extensive search was carried out to collect and analyze the patent information claiming the use of click chemistry in biotechnology, especially for diagnosis. The study further concentrates on licensing of the click chemistry patents and defining the recent breakthroughs. Different databases like Espacenet, ISI Web of Science, Patbase and Thomson Innovation are used to compile the relevant literature. In recent years, considerable development in the click concept has encouraged researchers in using click reactions in almost every branch of industry that uses chemistry. Click chemistry for chemical ligation has been immensely explored in the field of biotechnology especially for detection, diagnosis and therapeutics.

Comparison of echolocation clicks from geographically sympatric killer whales and long-finned pilot whales (L).

PubMed

Eskesen, Ida G; Wahlberg, Magnus; Simon, Malene; Larsen, Ole Næsbye

2011-07-01

The source characteristics of biosonar signals from sympatric killer whales and long-finned pilot whales in a Norwegian fjord were compared. A total of 137 pilot whale and more than 2000 killer whale echolocation clicks were recorded using a linear four-hydrophone array. Of these, 20 pilot whale clicks and 28 killer whale clicks were categorized as being recorded on-axis. The clicks of pilot whales had a mean apparent source level of 196 dB re 1 μPa pp and those of killer whales 203 dB re 1 μPa pp. The duration of pilot whale clicks was significantly shorter (23 μs, S.E.=1.3) and the centroid frequency significantly higher (55 kHz, S.E.=2.1) than killer whale clicks (duration: 41 μs, S.E.=2.6; centroid frequency: 32 kHz, S.E.=1.5). The rate of increase in the accumulated energy as a function of time also differed between clicks from the two species. The differences in duration, frequency, and energy distribution may have a potential to allow for the distinction between pilot and killer whale clicks when using automated detection routines for acoustic monitoring. © 2011 Acoustical Society of America

PANEL LIBRARY AND EDITOR

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raible, E.

1994-01-01

The Panel Library and Editor is a graphical user interface (GUI) builder for the Silicon Graphics IRIS workstation family. The toolkit creates "widgets" which can be manipulated by the user. Its appearance is similar to that of the X-Windows System. The Panel Library is written in C and is used by programmers writing user-friendly mouse-driven applications for the IRIS. GUIs built using the Panel Library consist of "actuators" and "panels." Actuators are buttons, dials, sliders, or other mouse-driven symbols. Panels are groups of actuators that occupy separate windows on the IRIS workstation. The application user can alter variables in the graphics program, or fire off functions with a click on a button. The evolution of data values can be tracked with meters and strip charts, and dialog boxes with text processing can be built. Panels can be stored as icons when not in use. The Panel Editor is a program used to interactively create and test panel library interfaces in a simple and efficient way. The Panel Editor itself uses a panel library interface, so all actions are mouse driven. Extensive context-sensitive on-line help is provided. Programmers can graphically create and test the user interface without writing a single line of code. Once an interface is judged satisfactory, the Panel Editor will dump it out as a file of C code that can be used in an application. The Panel Library (v9.8) and Editor (v1.1) are written in C-Language (63%) and Scheme, a dialect of LISP, (37%) for Silicon Graphics 4D series workstations running IRIX 3.2 or higher. Approximately 10Mb of disk space is required once compiled. 1.5Mb of main memory is required to execute the panel editor. This program is available on a .25 inch streaming magnetic tape cartridge in UNIX tar format for an IRIS, and includes a copy of XScheme, the public-domain Scheme interpreter used by the Panel Editor. The Panel Library Programmer's Manual is included on the distribution media. The Panel Library and Editor were released to COSMIC in 1991. Silicon Graphics, IRIS, and IRIX are trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc. X-Window System is a trademark of Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Leveraging Social Media to Promote Evidence-Based Continuing Medical Education.

PubMed

Flynn, Simone; Hebert, Paul; Korenstein, Deborah; Ryan, Mark; Jordan, William B; Keyhani, Salomeh

2017-01-01

New dissemination methods are needed to engage physicians in evidence-based continuing medical education (CME). To examine the effectiveness of social media in engaging physicians in non-industry-sponsored CME. We tested the effect of different media platforms (e-mail, Facebook, paid Facebook and Twitter), CME topics, and different "hooks" (e.g., Q&A, clinical pearl and best evidence) on driving clicks to a landing site featuring non-industry sponsored CME. We modelled the effects of social media platform, CME topic, and hook using negative binomial regression on clicks to a single landing site. We used clicks to landing site adjusted for exposure and message number to calculate rate ratios. To understand how physicians interact with CME content on social media, we also conducted interviews with 10 physicians. The National Physicians Alliance (NPA) membership. NPA e-mail recipients, Facebook followers and friends, and Twitter followers. Clicks to the NPA's CME landing site. On average, 4,544 recipients received each message. Messages generated a total of 592 clicks to the landing site, for a rate of 5.4 clicks per 1000 recipients exposed. There were 5.4 clicks from e-mail, 11.9 clicks from Facebook, 5.5 clicks from paid Facebook, and 6.9 clicks from Twitter to the landing site for 1000 physicians exposed to each of 4 selected CME modules. A Facebook post generated 2.3x as many clicks to the landing site as did an e-mail after controlling for participant exposure, hook type and CME topic (p<0.001). Twitter posts (p = 0.13) and paid Facebook posts (p = 0.06) were not statistically different from e-mail in generating clicks to the landing site. Use of different hooks to engage physicians had no impact on clicks to the landing site. Interviews with physicians suggested that social media might not be a preferred vehicle for disseminating CME. Social media has a modest impact on driving traffic to evidence-based CME options. Facebook had a superior effect on driving physician web traffic to evidence-based CME compared to other social media platforms and email.

Leveraging Social Media to Promote Evidence-Based Continuing Medical Education

PubMed Central

Flynn, Simone; Hebert, Paul; Korenstein, Deborah; Ryan, Mark; Jordan, William B.

2017-01-01

Importance New dissemination methods are needed to engage physicians in evidence-based continuing medical education (CME). Objective To examine the effectiveness of social media in engaging physicians in non-industry-sponsored CME. Design We tested the effect of different media platforms (e-mail, Facebook, paid Facebook and Twitter), CME topics, and different “hooks” (e.g., Q&A, clinical pearl and best evidence) on driving clicks to a landing site featuring non-industry sponsored CME. We modelled the effects of social media platform, CME topic, and hook using negative binomial regression on clicks to a single landing site. We used clicks to landing site adjusted for exposure and message number to calculate rate ratios. To understand how physicians interact with CME content on social media, we also conducted interviews with 10 physicians. Setting The National Physicians Alliance (NPA) membership. Participants NPA e-mail recipients, Facebook followers and friends, and Twitter followers. Main Outcomes and Measures Clicks to the NPA’s CME landing site. Results On average, 4,544 recipients received each message. Messages generated a total of 592 clicks to the landing site, for a rate of 5.4 clicks per 1000 recipients exposed. There were 5.4 clicks from e-mail, 11.9 clicks from Facebook, 5.5 clicks from paid Facebook, and 6.9 clicks from Twitter to the landing site for 1000 physicians exposed to each of 4 selected CME modules. A Facebook post generated 2.3x as many clicks to the landing site as did an e-mail after controlling for participant exposure, hook type and CME topic (p<0.001). Twitter posts (p = 0.13) and paid Facebook posts (p = 0.06) were not statistically different from e-mail in generating clicks to the landing site. Use of different hooks to engage physicians had no impact on clicks to the landing site. Interviews with physicians suggested that social media might not be a preferred vehicle for disseminating CME. Conclusions Social media has a modest impact on driving traffic to evidence-based CME options. Facebook had a superior effect on driving physician web traffic to evidence-based CME compared to other social media platforms and email. PMID:28060854

The combined effects of forward masking by noise and high click rate on monaural and binaural human auditory nerve and brainstem potentials.

PubMed

Pratt, Hillel; Polyakov, Andrey; Bleich, Naomi; Mittelman, Naomi

2004-07-01

To study effects of forward masking and rapid stimulation on human monaurally- and binaurally-evoked brainstem potentials and suggest their relation to synaptic fatigue and recovery and to neuronal action potential refractoriness. Auditory brainstem evoked potentials (ABEPs) were recorded from 12 normally- and symmetrically hearing adults, in response to each click (50 dB nHL, condensation and rarefaction) in a train of nine, with an inter-click interval of 11 ms, that followed a white noise burst of 100 ms duration (50 dB nHL). Sequences of white noise and click train were repeated at a rate of 2.89 s(-1). The interval between noise and first click in the train was 2, 11, 22, 44, 66 or 88 ms in different runs. ABEPs were averaged (8000 repetitions) using a dwell time of 25 micros/address/channel. The binaural interaction components (BICs) of ABEPs were derived and the single, centrally located equivalent dipoles of ABEP waves I and V and of the BIC major wave were estimated. The latencies of dipoles I and V of ABEP, their inter-dipole interval and the dipole magnitude of component V were significantly affected by the interval between noise and clicks and by the serial position of the click in the train. The latency and dipole magnitude of the major BIC component were significantly affected by the interval between noise and clicks. Interval from noise and the click's serial position in the train interacted to affect dipole V latency, dipole V magnitude, BIC latencies and the V-I inter-dipole latency difference. Most of the effects were fully apparent by the first few clicks in the train, and the trend (increase or decrease) was affected by the interval between noise and clicks. The changes in latency and magnitude of ABEP and BIC components with advancing position in the click train and the interactions of click position in the train with the intervals from noise indicate an interaction of fatigue and recovery, compatible with synaptic depletion and replenishing, respectively. With the 2 ms interval between noise and the first click in the train, neuronal action potential refractoriness may also be involved.

Learning Clicks: Year End Report 2008/2009

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alberta Advanced Education and Technology, 2009

2009-01-01

Learning Clicks was developed in 2003 as an interactive, fun way for Alberta students to learn about these opportunities. Learning Clicks is a program designed to support Strategy 2.4 in Alberta Advanced Education and Technology's 2007-10 Business Plan. The 2008/2009 season was the 5th year of the Learning Clicks program. This paper offers a…

Separation of Sperm Whale Click-Trains for Multipath Rejection and Localization

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-05

Correlation 12 3.3 Multipath Elimination Rules 13 4 LOCALIZATION 15 4.1 Localization Approach 15 4.2 Inter-Sensor Time-Delay Estimation Approach...Using Bayes’ rule , kj = ’°g kj = >°g< P(H, P(H0 HJ) \\J) (2) />(//,)p(zJ//,) p(H0)p(z,JH0) where p(//o) and p(H\\) are the a priori probabilities...overlapping clicks.) 3.3 MULTIPATH ELIMINATION RULES Multipath click-trains are eliminated if the individual clicks within the click-train are

A comparison of muscular activity during single and double mouse clicks.

PubMed

Thorn, Stefan; Forsman, Mikael; Hallbeck, Susan

2005-05-01

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in the neck/shoulder region and the upper extremities are a common problem among computer workers. Occurrences of motor unit (MU) double discharges with very short inter-firing intervals (doublets) have been hypothesised as a potential additional risk for overuse of already exhausted fibres during long-term stereotyped activity. Doublets are reported to be present during double-click mouse work tasks. A few comparative studies have been carried out on overall muscle activities for short-term tasks with single types of actions, but none on occurrences of doublets during double versus single clicks. The main purpose of this study was to compare muscle activity levels of single and double mouse clicks during a long-term combined mouse/keyboard work task. Four muscles were studied: left and right upper trapezius, right extensor digitorum communis (EDC) and right flexor carpi ulnaris. Additionally, MU activity was analysed through intramuscular electromyography in the EDC muscle for a selection of subjects. The results indicate that double clicking produces neither higher median or 90th percentile levels in the trapezius and EDC muscles, nor a higher disposition for MU doublets, than does single clicking. Especially for the 90th percentile levels, the indications are rather the opposite (in the EDC significantly higher during single clicks in 8 of 11 subjects, P < 0.05). Although it cannot be concluded from the present study that double clicks are harmless, there were no signs that double clicks during computer work generally constitute a larger risk factor for WMSDs than do single clicks.

Modification of chemical and conformational properties of natural organic matter by click chemistry as revealed by ESI-Orbitrap mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Nebbioso, Antonio; Piccolo, Alessandro

2015-11-01

A click reaction is reported here for the first time as a useful technique to control the conformational stability of natural organic matter (NOM) suprastructures. Click conjugates were successfully formed between a previously butynylated NOM hydrophobic fraction and a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG)-amino chain. The click products were shown by size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) hyphenated with Orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS) in electrospray ionization (ESI) (+), while precursors were visible in ESI (-). Despite their increase in molecular weight, HPSEC elution of click conjugates occurred after that of precursors, thus showing their departure from the NOM supramolecular association. This indicates that the click-conjugated NOM molecules were varied in their hydrophilic and cationic character and lost the capacity to accommodate in the original hydrophobic suprastructures. The most abundant product had the C16H30O5N4 formula, a click conjugate of butanoic acid, while other products were short-chained (C4-C8) linear unsaturated and hydroxylated carboxylic acids. Tandem MS revealed formation of triazole rings in clicked conjugates and their two fragmentations at the ester and the C-N alkyl-aryl bonds. The behavior of NOM molecules modified by click chemistry confirms that hydrophobicity and ionic charge of humic molecules play a pivotal role in stabilizing intermolecular forces in NOM. Moreover, the versatility of the click reaction may become useful to decorate NOM molecules with a variety of substrates, in order to alter NOM conformational and chemical properties and diversify its applications in the environment.

Genesis of the Mechanical Heart Valves' Ultrasonic Closing Clicks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasegawa, Jun; Kobayashi, Kenji

A new in vitro experimental tool was developed to study the mechanism of the ultrasonic closing clicks' genesis of mechanical heart valves. Since the newly developed tester adopted compressed air flow directly instead of the blood analog fluid to drive the mechanical heart valve, it is not possibe to generate any cavitation. Closing clicks were measured with a small accelerometer at the surface of the valve holder made of silicone rubber. Ultrasonic closing clicks as well as audible closing clicks, similar to those measured clinically, could be observed using this setup. Thus, it was confirmed that the ultrasonic closing clicks can be generated without the existence of cavitation. Simultaneous measurements of the valve motion were made with a high-speed video camera, and the analysis of the video frames and clicks showed that higher frequency signal components of more than 50kHz could be generated only at the instant of the closure, which means the collision of the occluder with the housing. Eighteen miniature accelerometers with an area of one square millimeter were developed and stuck on the housing to monitor the distribution of the housing vibrations in detail, and it was found that the vibrations correspond to the ultrasonic closing clicks propagated from the valve stop: the collision point of the occluder with the housing. This fact indicated that the generation of ultrasonic closing clicks are limited to the small area of the collision. From those results, it was concluded that the major origin of the ultrasonic closing clicks' genesis should be the collision of the occluder with the housing.

The Click and Twitch in Contemporary Poetry.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meredith, Bernard

It is the creative writing instructor's role to help the student turn "twitch" poems into "click" poems ("twitch" being a kind of verbal hypertension that takes shape in the absence of anything humanly important to say on the poet's part and "click" being the finished poem that makes a sound like the click of the lid on a perfectly made box).…

Dolphin "packet" use during long-range echolocation tasks.

PubMed

Finneran, James J

2013-03-01

When echolocating, dolphins typically emit a single broadband "click," then wait to receive the echo before emitting another click. However, previous studies have shown that during long-range echolocation tasks, they may instead emit a burst, or "packet," of several clicks, then wait for the packet of echoes to return before emitting another packet of clicks. The reasons for the use of packets are unknown. In this study, packet use was examined by having trained bottlenose dolphins perform long-range echolocation tasks. The tasks featured "phantom" echoes produced by capturing the dolphin's outgoing echolocation clicks, convolving the clicks with an impulse response to create an echo waveform, and then broadcasting the delayed, scaled echo to the dolphin. Dolphins were trained to report the presence of phantom echoes or a change in phantom echoes. Target range varied from 25 to 800 m. At ranges below 75 m, the dolphins rarely used packets. As the range increased beyond 75 m, two of the three dolphins increasingly produced packets, while the third dolphin instead utilized very high click repetition rates. The use of click packets appeared to be governed more by echo delay (target range) than echo amplitude.

Comparisons of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions using chirp and click stimuli

PubMed Central

Keefe, Douglas H.; Feeney, M. Patrick; Hunter, Lisa L.; Fitzpatrick, Denis F.

2016-01-01

Transient-evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) responses (0.7–8 kHz) were measured in normal-hearing adult ears using click stimuli and chirps whose local frequency increased or decreased linearly with time over the stimulus duration. Chirp stimuli were created by allpass filtering a click with relatively constant incident pressure level over frequency. Chirp TEOAEs were analyzed as a nonlinear residual signal by inverse allpass filtering each chirp response into an equivalent click response. Multi-window spectral and temporal averaging reduced noise levels compared to a single-window average. Mean TEOAE levels using click and chirp stimuli were similar with respect to their standard errors in adult ears. TEOAE group delay, group spread, instantaneous frequency, and instantaneous bandwidth were similar overall for chirp and click conditions, except for small differences showing nonlinear interactions differing across stimulus conditions. These results support the theory of a similar generation mechanism on the basilar membrane for both click and chirp conditions based on coherent reflection within the tonotopic region. TEOAE temporal fine structure was invariant across changes in stimulus level, which is analogous to the intensity invariance of click-evoked basilar-membrane displacement data. PMID:27914441

Target distance-dependent variation of hearing sensitivity during echolocation in a false killer whale.

PubMed

Supin, Alexander Ya; Nachtigall, Paul E; Breese, Marlee

2010-06-01

Evidence of varying hearing sensitivity according to the target distance was obtained in a false killer whale Pseudorca crassidens during echolocation. Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) triggered by echolocation clicks were recorded. The target distance varied from 1 to 6 m. The records contained AEPs to the self-heard emitted click and AEPs to the echoes. Mean level of echolocation clicks depended on distance (the longer the distance, the higher the click level), however, the effect of click level on AEP amplitude was eliminated by extracting AEPs to clicks of certain particular levels. The amplitude of the echo-provoked AEP was almost independent of distance, however, the amplitude of the AEP to the emitted click, did depend on distance within a range from 1 to 4 m: the longer the distance, the higher the amplitude. The latter result is interpreted as confirmational evidence that the animal is capable of varying hearing sensitivity according to target distance. The variation of hearing sensitivity may help to compensate for the echo attenuation with distance; as a secondary effect, this variation manifested itself in a variation of the amplitude of the AEP to emitted clicks.

Non-auditory, electrophysiological potentials preceding dolphin biosonar click production.

PubMed

Finneran, James J; Mulsow, Jason; Jones, Ryan; Houser, Dorian S; Accomando, Alyssa W; Ridgway, Sam H

2018-03-01

The auditory brainstem response to a dolphin's own emitted biosonar click can be measured by averaging epochs of the instantaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) that are time-locked to the emitted click. In this study, averaged EEGs were measured using surface electrodes placed on the head in six different configurations while dolphins performed an echolocation task. Simultaneously, biosonar click emissions were measured using contact hydrophones on the melon and a hydrophone in the farfield. The averaged EEGs revealed an electrophysiological potential (the pre-auditory wave, PAW) that preceded the production of each biosonar click. The largest PAW amplitudes occurred with the non-inverting electrode just right of the midline-the apparent side of biosonar click generation-and posterior of the blowhole. Although the source of the PAW is unknown, the temporal and spatial properties rule out an auditory source. The PAW may be a neural or myogenic potential associated with click production; however, it is not known if muscles within the dolphin nasal system can be actuated at the high rates reported for dolphin click production, or if sufficiently coordinated and fast motor endplates of nasal muscles exist to produce a PAW detectable with surface electrodes.

Recording and quantification of ultrasonic echolocation clicks from free-ranging toothed whales

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Madsen, P. T.; Wahlberg, M.

2007-08-01

Toothed whales produce short, ultrasonic clicks of high directionality and source level to probe their environment acoustically. This process, termed echolocation, is to a large part governed by the properties of the emitted clicks. Therefore derivation of click source parameters from free-ranging animals is of increasing importance to understand both how toothed whales use echolocation in the wild and how they may be monitored acoustically. This paper addresses how source parameters can be derived from free-ranging toothed whales in the wild using calibrated multi-hydrophone arrays and digital recorders. We outline the properties required of hydrophones, amplifiers and analog to digital converters, and discuss the problems of recording echolocation clicks on the axis of a directional sound beam. For accurate localization the hydrophone array apertures must be adapted and scaled to the behavior of, and the range to, the clicking animal, and precise information on hydrophone locations is critical. We provide examples of localization routines and outline sources of error that lead to uncertainties in localizing clicking animals in time and space. Furthermore we explore approaches to time series analysis of discrete versions of toothed whale clicks that are meaningful in a biosonar context.

Comparisons of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions using chirp and click stimuli.

PubMed

Keefe, Douglas H; Feeney, M Patrick; Hunter, Lisa L; Fitzpatrick, Denis F

2016-09-01

Transient-evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) responses (0.7-8 kHz) were measured in normal-hearing adult ears using click stimuli and chirps whose local frequency increased or decreased linearly with time over the stimulus duration. Chirp stimuli were created by allpass filtering a click with relatively constant incident pressure level over frequency. Chirp TEOAEs were analyzed as a nonlinear residual signal by inverse allpass filtering each chirp response into an equivalent click response. Multi-window spectral and temporal averaging reduced noise levels compared to a single-window average. Mean TEOAE levels using click and chirp stimuli were similar with respect to their standard errors in adult ears. TEOAE group delay, group spread, instantaneous frequency, and instantaneous bandwidth were similar overall for chirp and click conditions, except for small differences showing nonlinear interactions differing across stimulus conditions. These results support the theory of a similar generation mechanism on the basilar membrane for both click and chirp conditions based on coherent reflection within the tonotopic region. TEOAE temporal fine structure was invariant across changes in stimulus level, which is analogous to the intensity invariance of click-evoked basilar-membrane displacement data.

Spectrogram analysis of low to mid frequency marine mammal clicks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ioup, George E.; Ioup, Juliette W.; Larue, James P.; Sidorovskaia, Natalia A.; Kuczaj, Stan A.; Rayborn, Grayson H.; Walker, Christopher D.

2004-05-01

Previous investigators have proposed explanations for some sperm whale click structure and pointed out that the separation of individual pulses within the click might be used to determine approximately the size of the sperm whales. Recently, Mohl et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 1124-1154 (2003)] have shown that echo-location click structure is highly dependent on the received angle. In data measured by the Littoral Acoustic Demonstration Center using bottom-moored hydrophones in the northern Gulf of Mexico in the summers of 2001 and 2002, rich click structures were observed in the spectrograms of many click trains, some of which exhibit strikingly consistent spectral nulls across the train. Although this structure in the spectra could be due to propagation effects, investigations to date suggest this possibility is highly unlikely, as discussed in the next abstract. Therefore it is at least plausible that the structure could be used to identify individual animals. This is known to be a difficult problem in the case of sperm whales because of the angle dependence of at least some of their clicks. These difficulties are discussed, as is the possible use of the spectrograms of the clicks to identify individuals. [Research supported by ONR.

Cu-free 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition click reactions to form isoxazole linkers in chelating ligands for fac-[M(I)(CO)3]+ centers (M = Re, 99mTc).

PubMed

Bottorff, Shalina C; Kasten, Benjamin B; Stojakovic, Jelena; Moore, Adam L; MacGillivray, Leonard R; Benny, Paul D

2014-02-17

Isoxazole ring formation was examined as a potential Cu-free alternative click reaction to Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne/azide cycloaddition. The isoxazole reaction was explored at macroscopic and radiotracer concentrations with the fac-[M(I)(CO)3](+) (M = Re, (99m)Tc) core for use as a noncoordinating linker strategy between covalently linked molecules. Two click assembly methods (click, then chelate and chelate, then click) were examined to determine the feasibility of isoxazole ring formation with either alkyne-functionalized tridentate chelates or their respective fac-[M(I)(CO)3](+) complexes with a model nitrile oxide generator. Macroscale experiments, alkyne-functionalized chelates, or Re complexes indicate facile formation of the isoxazole ring. (99m)Tc experiments demonstrate efficient radiolabeling with click, then chelate; however, the chelate, then click approach led to faster product formation, but lower yields compared to the Re analogues.

Early Restoration Projects Atlas | NOAA Gulf Spill Restoration

Science.gov Websites

trustees are implementing. To view details of an individual project, click the View icon on the list below or click the project marker on the map. For definitions of the project detail click here. To highlight the location of a project from the list, click the Show on Map icon. This atlas will be updated as

EAGLEView: A surface and grid generation program and its data management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Remotigue, M. G.; Hart, E. T.; Stokes, M. L.

1992-01-01

An old and proven grid generation code, the EAGLE grid generation package, is given an added dimension of a graphical interface and a real time data base manager. The Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation (NAS) Panel Library is used for the graphical user interface. Through the panels, EAGLEView constructs the EAGLE script command and sends it to EAGLE to be processed. After the object is created, the script is saved in a mini-buffer which can be edited and/or saved and reinterpreted. The graphical objects are set-up in a linked-list and can be selected or queried by pointing and clicking the mouse. The added graphical enhancement to the EAGLE system emphasizes the unique capability to construct field points around complex geometry and visualize the construction every step of the way.

What speeds up the internal clock? Effects of clicks and flicker on duration judgements and reaction time.

PubMed

Wearden, J H; Williams, Emily A; Jones, Luke A

2017-03-01

Four experiments investigated the effect of pre-stimulus events on judgements of the subjective duration of tones that they preceded. Experiments 1 to 4 used click trains, flickering squares, expanding circles, and white noise as pre-stimulus events and showed that (a) periodic clicks appeared to "speed up" the pacemaker of an internal clock but that the effect wore off over a click-free delay, (b) aperiodic click trains, and visual stimuli in the form of flickering squares and expanding circles, also produced similar increases in estimated tone duration, as did white noise, although its effect was weaker. A fifth experiment examined the effects of periodic flicker on reaction time and showed that, as with periodic clicks in a previous experiment, reaction times were shorter when preceded by flicker than without.

Learning of Multimodal Representations With Random Walks on the Click Graph.

PubMed

Wu, Fei; Lu, Xinyan; Song, Jun; Yan, Shuicheng; Zhang, Zhongfei Mark; Rui, Yong; Zhuang, Yueting

2016-02-01

In multimedia information retrieval, most classic approaches tend to represent different modalities of media in the same feature space. With the click data collected from the users' searching behavior, existing approaches take either one-to-one paired data (text-image pairs) or ranking examples (text-query-image and/or image-query-text ranking lists) as training examples, which do not make full use of the click data, particularly the implicit connections among the data objects. In this paper, we treat the click data as a large click graph, in which vertices are images/text queries and edges indicate the clicks between an image and a query. We consider learning a multimodal representation from the perspective of encoding the explicit/implicit relevance relationship between the vertices in the click graph. By minimizing both the truncated random walk loss as well as the distance between the learned representation of vertices and their corresponding deep neural network output, the proposed model which is named multimodal random walk neural network (MRW-NN) can be applied to not only learn robust representation of the existing multimodal data in the click graph, but also deal with the unseen queries and images to support cross-modal retrieval. We evaluate the latent representation learned by MRW-NN on a public large-scale click log data set Clickture and further show that MRW-NN achieves much better cross-modal retrieval performance on the unseen queries/images than the other state-of-the-art methods.

Click-based echolocation in bats: not so primitive after all.

PubMed

Yovel, Yossi; Geva-Sagiv, Maya; Ulanovsky, Nachum

2011-05-01

Echolocating bats of the genus Rousettus produce click sonar signals, using their tongue (lingual echolocation). These signals are often considered rudimentary and are believed to enable only crude performance. However, the main argument supporting this belief, namely the click's reported long duration, was recently shown to be an artifact. In fact, the sonar clicks of Rousettus bats are extremely short, ~50-100 μs, similar to dolphin vocalizations. Here, we present a comparison between the sonar systems of the 'model species' of laryngeal echolocation, the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), and that of lingual echolocation, the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus). We show experimentally that in tasks, such as accurate landing or detection of medium-sized objects, click-based echolocation enables performance similar to laryngeal echolocators. Further, we describe a sophisticated behavioral strategy for biosonar beam steering in clicking bats. Finally, theoretical analyses of the signal design--focusing on their autocorrelations and wideband ambiguity functions--predict that in some aspects, such as target ranging and Doppler-tolerance, click-based echolocation might outperform laryngeal echolocation. Therefore, we suggest that click-based echolocation in bats should be regarded as a viable echolocation strategy, which is in fact similar to the biosonar used by most echolocating animals, including whales and dolphins.

Assessing segmentation processes by click detection: online measure of statistical learning, or simple interference?

PubMed

Franco, Ana; Gaillard, Vinciane; Cleeremans, Axel; Destrebecqz, Arnaud

2015-12-01

Statistical learning can be used to extract the words from continuous speech. Gómez, Bion, and Mehler (Language and Cognitive Processes, 26, 212-223, 2011) proposed an online measure of statistical learning: They superimposed auditory clicks on a continuous artificial speech stream made up of a random succession of trisyllabic nonwords. Participants were instructed to detect these clicks, which could be located either within or between words. The results showed that, over the length of exposure, reaction times (RTs) increased more for within-word than for between-word clicks. This result has been accounted for by means of statistical learning of the between-word boundaries. However, even though statistical learning occurs without an intention to learn, it nevertheless requires attentional resources. Therefore, this process could be affected by a concurrent task such as click detection. In the present study, we evaluated the extent to which the click detection task indeed reflects successful statistical learning. Our results suggest that the emergence of RT differences between within- and between-word click detection is neither systematic nor related to the successful segmentation of the artificial language. Therefore, instead of being an online measure of learning, the click detection task seems to interfere with the extraction of statistical regularities.

The energy ratio mapping algorithm: a tool to improve the energy-based detection of odontocete echolocation clicks.

PubMed

Klinck, Holger; Mellinger, David K

2011-04-01

The energy ratio mapping algorithm (ERMA) was developed to improve the performance of energy-based detection of odontocete echolocation clicks, especially for application in environments with limited computational power and energy such as acoustic gliders. ERMA systematically evaluates many frequency bands for energy ratio-based detection of echolocation clicks produced by a target species in the presence of the species mix in a given geographic area. To evaluate the performance of ERMA, a Teager-Kaiser energy operator was applied to the series of energy ratios as derived by ERMA. A noise-adaptive threshold was then applied to the Teager-Kaiser function to identify clicks in data sets. The method was tested for detecting clicks of Blainville's beaked whales while rejecting echolocation clicks of Risso's dolphins and pilot whales. Results showed that the ERMA-based detector correctly identified 81.6% of the beaked whale clicks in an extended evaluation data set. Average false-positive detection rate was 6.3% (3.4% for Risso's dolphins and 2.9% for pilot whales).

“Click, Click, Cyclize”: A DOS Approach to Sultams Utilizing Vinyl Sulfonamide Linchpins

PubMed Central

Zhou, Aihua; Rayabarapu, Dinesh; Hanson, Paul R.

2009-01-01

A diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) strategy termed “Click, Click, Cyclize” is reported. This approach relies on functional group (FG) pairing between a vinyl sulfonamide and an array of functional groups to synthesize skeletally diverse sultams. Several FG pairing pathways on central tertiary vinyl sulfonamide linchpins have been developed including intramolecular Heck, aza-Michael, ring-closing enyne metathesis, Pauson—Khand, and chemoselective oxidation/Baylis—Hillman reactions. PMID:19115841

Click trains and the rate of information processing: does "speeding up" subjective time make other psychological processes run faster?

PubMed

Jones, Luke A; Allely, Clare S; Wearden, John H

2011-02-01

A series of experiments demonstrated that a 5-s train of clicks that have been shown in previous studies to increase the subjective duration of tones they precede (in a manner consistent with "speeding up" timing processes) could also have an effect on information-processing rate. Experiments used studies of simple and choice reaction time (Experiment 1), or mental arithmetic (Experiment 2). In general, preceding trials by clicks made response times significantly shorter than those for trials without clicks, but white noise had no effects on response times. Experiments 3 and 4 investigated the effects of clicks on performance on memory tasks, using variants of two classic experiments of cognitive psychology: Sperling's (1960) iconic memory task and Loftus, Johnson, and Shimamura's (1985) iconic masking task. In both experiments participants were able to recall or recognize significantly more information from stimuli preceded by clicks than those preceded by silence.

African Y chromosome and mtDNA divergence provides insight into the history of click languages.

PubMed

Knight, Alec; Underhill, Peter A; Mortensen, Holly M; Zhivotovsky, Lev A; Lin, Alice A; Henn, Brenna M; Louis, Dorothy; Ruhlen, Merritt; Mountain, Joanna L

2003-03-18

About 30 languages of southern Africa, spoken by Khwe and San, are characterized by a repertoire of click consonants and phonetic accompaniments. The Jumid R:'hoansi (!Kung) San carry multiple deeply coalescing gene lineages. The deep genetic diversity of the San parallels the diversity among the languages they speak. Intriguingly, the language of the Hadzabe of eastern Africa, although not closely related to any other language, shares click consonants and accompaniments with languages of Khwe and San. We present original Y chromosome and mtDNA variation of Hadzabe and other ethnic groups of Tanzania and Y chromosome variation of San and peoples of the central African forests: Biaka, Mbuti, and Lisongo. In the context of comparable published data for other African populations, analyses of each of these independently inherited DNA segments indicate that click-speaking Hadzabe and Jumid R:'hoansi are separated by genetic distance as great or greater than that between any other pair of African populations. Phylogenetic tree topology indicates a basal separation of the ancient ancestors of these click-speaking peoples. That genetic divergence does not appear to be the result of recent gene flow from neighboring groups. The deep genetic divergence among click-speaking peoples of Africa and mounting linguistic evidence suggest that click consonants date to early in the history of modern humans. At least two explanations remain viable. Clicks may have persisted for tens of thousands of years, independently in multiple populations, as a neutral trait. Alternatively, clicks may have been retained, because they confer an advantage during hunting in certain environments.

People's Ability to Detect Objects Using Click-Based Echolocation: A Direct Comparison between Mouth-Clicks and Clicks Made by a Loudspeaker.

PubMed

Thaler, Lore; Castillo-Serrano, Josefina

2016-01-01

Echolocation is the ability to use reflected sound to obtain information about the spatial environment. Echolocation is an active process that requires both the production of the emission as well as the sensory processing of the resultant sound. Appreciating the general usefulness of echo-acoustic cues for people, in particular those with vision impairments, various devices have been built that exploit the principle of echolocation to obtain and provide information about the environment. It is common to all these devices that they do not require the person to make a sound. Instead, the device produces the emission autonomously and feeds a resultant sound back to the user. Here we tested if echolocation performance in a simple object detection task was affected by the use of a head-mounted loudspeaker as compared to active clicking. We found that 27 sighted participants new to echolocation did generally better when they used a loudspeaker as compared to mouth-clicks, and that two blind participants with experience in echolocation did equally well with mouth clicks and the speaker. Importantly, performance of sighted participants' was not statistically different from performance of blind experts when they used the speaker. Based on acoustic click data collected from a subset of our participants, those participants whose mouth clicks were more similar to the speaker clicks, and thus had higher peak frequencies and sound intensity, did better. We conclude that our results are encouraging for the consideration and development of assistive devices that exploit the principle of echolocation.

People’s Ability to Detect Objects Using Click-Based Echolocation: A Direct Comparison between Mouth-Clicks and Clicks Made by a Loudspeaker

PubMed Central

Thaler, Lore; Castillo-Serrano, Josefina

2016-01-01

Echolocation is the ability to use reflected sound to obtain information about the spatial environment. Echolocation is an active process that requires both the production of the emission as well as the sensory processing of the resultant sound. Appreciating the general usefulness of echo-acoustic cues for people, in particular those with vision impairments, various devices have been built that exploit the principle of echolocation to obtain and provide information about the environment. It is common to all these devices that they do not require the person to make a sound. Instead, the device produces the emission autonomously and feeds a resultant sound back to the user. Here we tested if echolocation performance in a simple object detection task was affected by the use of a head-mounted loudspeaker as compared to active clicking. We found that 27 sighted participants new to echolocation did generally better when they used a loudspeaker as compared to mouth-clicks, and that two blind participants with experience in echolocation did equally well with mouth clicks and the speaker. Importantly, performance of sighted participants’ was not statistically different from performance of blind experts when they used the speaker. Based on acoustic click data collected from a subset of our participants, those participants whose mouth clicks were more similar to the speaker clicks, and thus had higher peak frequencies and sound intensity, did better. We conclude that our results are encouraging for the consideration and development of assistive devices that exploit the principle of echolocation. PMID:27135407

Design of the biosonar simulator for dolphin's clicks waveform reproduction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ishii, Ken; Akamatsu, Tomonari; Hatakeyama, Yoshimi

1992-03-01

The emitted clicks of Dall's porpoises consist of a pulse train of burst signals with an ultrasonic carrier frequency. The authors have designed a biosonar simulator to reproduce the waveforms associated with a dolphin's clicks underwater. The total reproduction system consists of a click signal acquisition block, a waveform analysis block, a memory unit, a click simulator, and a underwater, ultrasonic wave transmitter. In operation, data stored in an EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) are read out sequentially by a fast clock and converted to analog output signals. Then an ultrasonic power amplifier reproduces these signals through a transmitter. The click signal replaying block is referred to as the BSS (Biosonar Simulator). This is what simulates the clicks. The details of the BSS are described in this report. A unit waveform is defined. The waveform is divided into a burst period and a waiting period. Clicks are a sequence based on a unit waveform, and digital data are sequentially read out from an EPROM of waveform data. The basic parameters of the BSS are as follows: (1) reading clock, 100 ns to 25.4 microseconds; (2) number of reading clock, 34 to 1024 times; (3) counter clock in a waiting period, 100 ns to 25.4 microseconds; (4) number of counter clock, zero to 16,777,215 times; (5) number of burst/waiting repetition cycle, one to 128 times; and (6) transmission level adjustment by a programmable attenuator, zero to 86.5 dB. These basic functions enable the BSS to replay clicks of Dall's porpoise precisely.

Towards high conductivity in anion-exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cells.

PubMed

Li, Nanwen; Guiver, Michael D; Binder, Wolfgang H

2013-08-01

Quaternized poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide) materials (PPOs) containing clicked 1,2,3-triazoles were first prepared through Cu(I) -catalyzed "click chemistry" to improve the anion transport in anion-exchange membranes (AEMs). Clicked 1,2,3-triazoles incorporated into AEMs provided more sites to form efficient and continuous hydrogen-bond networks between the water/hydroxide and the triazole for anion transport. Higher water uptake was observed for these triazole membranes. Thus, the membranes showed an impressive enhancement of the hydroxide diffusion coefficient and, therefore, the anion conductivities. The recorded hydroxide conductivity was 27.8-62 mS cm(-1) at 20 °C in water, which was several times higher than that of a typical PPO-based AEM (TMA-20) derived from trimethylamine (5 mS cm(-1) ). Even at reduced relative humidity, the clicked membrane showed superior conductivity to a trimethylamine-based membrane. Moreover, similar alkaline stabilities at 80 °C in 1 M NaOH were observed for the clicked and non-clicked membranes. The performance of a H2 /O2 single cell assembled with a clicked AEM was much improved compared to that of a non-clicked TMA-20 membrane. The peak power density achieved for an alkaline fuel cell with the synthesized membrane 1a(20) was 188.7 mW cm(-2) at 50 °C. These results indicated that clicked AEM could be a viable strategy for improving the performance of alkaline fuel cells. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

U.S. Army Concept of Operations and Standard Operating Procedure for Acquisition Program Managers Using Item Unique Identification

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-09-01

Figure 58. Click on run ................................................................................................61 Figure 59. Top view of...engines, helicopter rotors, and turbine blades , and so forth Creating Marks Readable with a Scanner 4.  Simple techniques to follow:  Make the light...spreadsheet with data Figure 58. Click on Menu bar and find “View” then click on “Macros.” Click on run Figure 59. 62 Top view of xml spreadsheet

Clicking in a Killer Whale Habitat: Narrow-Band, High-Frequency Biosonar Clicks of Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) and Dall’s Porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli)

PubMed Central

Kyhn, Line A.; Tougaard, Jakob; Beedholm, Kristian; Jensen, Frants H.; Ashe, Erin; Williams, Rob; Madsen, Peter T.

2013-01-01

Odontocetes produce a range of different echolocation clicks but four groups in different families have converged on producing the same stereotyped narrow band high frequency (NBHF) click. In microchiropteran bats, sympatric species have evolved the use of different acoustic niches and subtly different echolocation signals to avoid competition among species. In this study, we examined whether similar adaptations are at play among sympatric porpoise species that use NBHF echolocation clicks. We used a six-element hydrophone array to record harbour and Dall’s porpoises in British Columbia (BC), Canada, and harbour porpoises in Denmark. The click source properties of all porpoise groups were remarkably similar and had an average directivity index of 25 dB. Yet there was a small, but consistent and significant 4 kHz difference in centroid frequency between sympatric Dall’s (137±3 kHz) and Canadian harbour porpoises (141±2 kHz). Danish harbour porpoise clicks (136±3 kHz) were more similar to Dall’s porpoise than to their conspecifics in Canada. We suggest that the spectral differences in echolocation clicks between the sympatric porpoises are consistent with evolution of a prezygotic isolating barrier (i.e., character displacement) to avoid hybridization of sympatric species. In practical terms, these spectral differences have immediate application to passive acoustic monitoring. PMID:23723996

Clicking in a killer whale habitat: narrow-band, high-frequency biosonar clicks of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) and Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli).

PubMed

Kyhn, Line A; Tougaard, Jakob; Beedholm, Kristian; Jensen, Frants H; Ashe, Erin; Williams, Rob; Madsen, Peter T

2013-01-01

Odontocetes produce a range of different echolocation clicks but four groups in different families have converged on producing the same stereotyped narrow band high frequency (NBHF) click. In microchiropteran bats, sympatric species have evolved the use of different acoustic niches and subtly different echolocation signals to avoid competition among species. In this study, we examined whether similar adaptations are at play among sympatric porpoise species that use NBHF echolocation clicks. We used a six-element hydrophone array to record harbour and Dall's porpoises in British Columbia (BC), Canada, and harbour porpoises in Denmark. The click source properties of all porpoise groups were remarkably similar and had an average directivity index of 25 dB. Yet there was a small, but consistent and significant 4 kHz difference in centroid frequency between sympatric Dall's (137±3 kHz) and Canadian harbour porpoises (141±2 kHz). Danish harbour porpoise clicks (136±3 kHz) were more similar to Dall's porpoise than to their conspecifics in Canada. We suggest that the spectral differences in echolocation clicks between the sympatric porpoises are consistent with evolution of a prezygotic isolating barrier (i.e., character displacement) to avoid hybridization of sympatric species. In practical terms, these spectral differences have immediate application to passive acoustic monitoring.

Click train encoding in primary and non-primary auditory cortex of anesthetized macaque monkeys.

PubMed

Oshurkova, E; Scheich, H; Brosch, M

2008-06-02

We studied encoding of temporally modulated sounds in 28 multiunits in the primary auditory cortical field (AI) and in 35 multiunits in the secondary auditory cortical field (caudomedial auditory cortical field, CM) by presenting periodic click trains with click rates between 1 and 300 Hz lasting for 2-4 s. We found that all multiunits increased or decreased their firing rate during the steady state portion of the click train and that all except two multiunits synchronized their firing to individual clicks in the train. Rate increases and synchronized responses were most prevalent and strongest at low click rates, as expressed by best modulation frequency, limiting frequency, percentage of responsive multiunits, and average rate response and vector strength. Synchronized responses occurred up to 100 Hz; rate response occurred up to 300 Hz. Both auditory fields responded similarly to low click rates but differed at click rates above approximately 12 Hz at which more multiunits in AI than in CM exhibited synchronized responses and increased rate responses and more multiunits in CM exhibited decreased rate responses. These findings suggest that the auditory cortex of macaque monkeys encodes temporally modulated sounds similar to the auditory cortex of other mammals. Together with other observations presented in this and other reports, our findings also suggest that AI and CM have largely overlapping sensitivities for acoustic stimulus features but encode these features differently.

Click-Evoked Auditory Efferent Activity: Rate and Level Effects.

PubMed

Boothalingam, Sriram; Kurke, Julianne; Dhar, Sumitrajit

2018-05-07

There currently are no standardized protocols to evaluate auditory efferent function in humans. Typical tests use broadband noise to activate the efferents, but only test the contralateral efferent pathway, risk activating the middle ear muscle reflex (MEMR), and are laborious for clinical use. In an attempt to develop a clinical test of bilateral auditory efferent function, we have designed a method that uses clicks to evoke efferent activity, obtain click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs), and monitor MEMR. This allows for near-simultaneous estimation of cochlear and efferent function. In the present study, we manipulated click level (60, 70, and 80 dB peak-equivalent sound pressure level [peSPL]) and rate (40, 50, and 62.5 Hz) to identify an optimal rate-level combination that evokes measurable efferent modulation of CEOAEs. Our findings (n = 58) demonstrate that almost all click levels and rates used caused significant inhibition of CEOAEs, with a significant interaction between level and rate effects. Predictably, bilateral activation produced greater inhibition compared to stimulating the efferents only in the ipsilateral or contralateral ear. In examining the click rate-level effects during bilateral activation in greater detail, we observed a 1-dB inhibition of CEOAE level for each 10-dB increase in click level, with rate held constant at 62.5 Hz. Similarly, a 10-Hz increase in rate produced a 0.74-dB reduction in CEOAE level, with click level held constant at 80 dB peSPL. The effect size (Cohen's d) was small for either monaural condition and medium for bilateral, faster-rate, and higher-level conditions. We were also able to reliably extract CEOAEs from efferent eliciting clicks. We conclude that clicks can indeed be profitably employed to simultaneously evaluate cochlear health using CEOAEs as well as their efferent modulation. Furthermore, using bilateral clicks allows the evaluation of both the crossed and uncrossed elements of the auditory efferent nervous system, while yielding larger, more discernible, inhibition of the CEOAEs relative to either ipsilateral or contralateral condition.

Nonecholocating fruit bats produce biosonar clicks with their wings.

PubMed

Boonman, Arjan; Bumrungsri, Sara; Yovel, Yossi

2014-12-15

Because evolution mostly acts over millions of years, the intermediate steps leading to a functional sensory system remain enigmatic. Accordingly, there is an ongoing debate regarding the evolution of bat echolocation. In search of the origin of bat echolocation, we studied how Old World fruit bats, which have always been classified as nonecholocating, orient in complete darkness. We found that two of these nonecholocating species used click-like sounds to detect and discriminate objects in complete darkness. However, we discovered that this click-based echo sensing is rudimentary and does not allow these bats to estimate distance accurately as all other echolocating bats can. Moreover, unlike all other echolocating bats, which generate pulses using the larynx or the tongue, these bats generated clicks with their wings. We provide evidence suggesting that all Old World fruit bats can click with their wings. Although this click-based echo sensing used by Old World fruit bats may not represent the ancestral form of current (laryngeal) bat echolocation, we argue that clicking fruit bats could be considered behavioral fossils, opening a window to study the evolution of echolocation. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Vocal reporting of echolocation targets: dolphins often report before click trains end.

PubMed

Ridgway, S H; Elsberry, W R; Blackwood, D J; Kamolnick, T; Todd, M; Carder, D A; Chaplin, Monica; Cranford, T W

2012-01-01

Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) wore opaque suction cups over their eyes while stationing behind an acoustically opaque door. This put the dolphins in a known position and orientation. When the door opened, the dolphin clicked to detect targets. Trainers specified that Dolphin S emit a whistle if the target was a 7.5 cm water filled sphere, or a pulse burst if the target was a rock. S remained quiet if there was no target. Dolphin B whistled for the sphere. She remained quiet for rock and for no target. Thus, S had to choose between three different responses, whistle, pulse burst, or remain quiet. B had to choose between two different responses, whistle or remain quiet. S gave correct vocal responses averaging 114 ms after her last echolocation click (range 182 ms before and 219 ms after the last click). Average response for B was 21 ms before her last echolocation click (range 250 ms before and 95 ms after the last click in the train). More often than not, B began her whistle response before her echolocation train ended. The findings suggest separate neural pathways for generation of response vocalizations as opposed to echolocation clicks. © 2012 Acoustical Society of America.

Learning to rank using user clicks and visual features for image retrieval.

PubMed

Yu, Jun; Tao, Dacheng; Wang, Meng; Rui, Yong

2015-04-01

The inconsistency between textual features and visual contents can cause poor image search results. To solve this problem, click features, which are more reliable than textual information in justifying the relevance between a query and clicked images, are adopted in image ranking model. However, the existing ranking model cannot integrate visual features, which are efficient in refining the click-based search results. In this paper, we propose a novel ranking model based on the learning to rank framework. Visual features and click features are simultaneously utilized to obtain the ranking model. Specifically, the proposed approach is based on large margin structured output learning and the visual consistency is integrated with the click features through a hypergraph regularizer term. In accordance with the fast alternating linearization method, we design a novel algorithm to optimize the objective function. This algorithm alternately minimizes two different approximations of the original objective function by keeping one function unchanged and linearizing the other. We conduct experiments on a large-scale dataset collected from the Microsoft Bing image search engine, and the results demonstrate that the proposed learning to rank models based on visual features and user clicks outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms.

Automating spectral measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goldstein, Fred T.

2008-09-01

This paper discusses the architecture of software utilized in spectroscopic measurements. As optical coatings become more sophisticated, there is mounting need to automate data acquisition (DAQ) from spectrophotometers. Such need is exacerbated when 100% inspection is required, ancillary devices are utilized, cost reduction is crucial, or security is vital. While instrument manufacturers normally provide point-and-click DAQ software, an application programming interface (API) may be missing. In such cases automation is impossible or expensive. An API is typically provided in libraries (*.dll, *.ocx) which may be embedded in user-developed applications. Users can thereby implement DAQ automation in several Windows languages. Another possibility, developed by FTG as an alternative to instrument manufacturers' software, is the ActiveX application (*.exe). ActiveX, a component of many Windows applications, provides means for programming and interoperability. This architecture permits a point-and-click program to act as automation client and server. Excel, for example, can control and be controlled by DAQ applications. Most importantly, ActiveX permits ancillary devices such as barcode readers and XY-stages to be easily and economically integrated into scanning procedures. Since an ActiveX application has its own user-interface, it can be independently tested. The ActiveX application then runs (visibly or invisibly) under DAQ software control. Automation capabilities are accessed via a built-in spectro-BASIC language with industry-standard (VBA-compatible) syntax. Supplementing ActiveX, spectro-BASIC also includes auxiliary serial port commands for interfacing programmable logic controllers (PLC). A typical application is automatic filter handling.

Source parameter estimates of echolocation clicks from wild pygmy killer whales (Feresa attenuata) (L)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Madsen, P. T.; Kerr, I.; Payne, R.

2004-10-01

Pods of the little known pygmy killer whale (Feresa attenuata) in the northern Indian Ocean were recorded with a vertical hydrophone array connected to a digital recorder sampling at 320 kHz. Recorded clicks were directional, short (25 μs) transients with estimated source levels between 197 and 223 dB re. 1 μPa (pp). Spectra of clicks recorded close to or on the acoustic axis were bimodal with peak frequencies between 45 and 117 kHz, and with centroid frequencies between 70 and 85 kHz. The clicks share characteristics of echolocation clicks from similar sized, whistling delphinids, and have properties suited for the detection and classification of prey targeted by this odontocete. .

Kansas Department of Health and Environment - Immunization Program

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Immunize and Win a Prize Click on Immunize Win a Prize logo for more information Yellow Fever Click on the logo above for more information on Yellow Fever PERINATAL HEPATITIS B PREVENTION PROGRAM Click on logo

Ionic liquid syntheses via click chemistry: expeditious routes toward versatile functional materials.

PubMed

Mirjafari, Arsalan

2018-03-25

Since the introduction of click chemistry by K. B. Sharpless in 2001, its exploration and exploitation has occurred in countless fields of materials sciences in both academic and industrial spheres. Click chemistry is defined as an efficient, robust, and orthogonal synthetic platform for the facile formation of new carbon-heteroatom bonds, using readily available starting materials. Premier examples of click reactions are copper(i)-catalyzed azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition (CuAAC) and the thiol-X (X = ene and yne) coupling reactions to form C-N and C-S bonds, respectively. The emphasis of this review is centered on the rapidly expanding area of click chemistry-mediated synthesis of functional ionic liquids via CuAAC, thiol-X and oxime formation, and selected examples of nucleophilic ring-opening reactions, while offering some thoughts on emerging challenges, opportunities and ultimately the evolution of this field. Click chemistry offers tremendous opportunities, and introduces intriguing perspectives for efficient and robust generation of tailored task-specific ionic liquids - an important class of soft materials.

High throughput imaging cytometer with acoustic focussing† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: High throughput imaging cytometer with acoustic focussing. See DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19497k Click here for additional data file. Click here for additional data file. Click here for additional data file. Click here for additional data file. Click here for additional data file. Click here for additional data file. Click here for additional data file. Click here for additional data file.

PubMed Central

Zmijan, Robert; Jonnalagadda, Umesh S.; Carugo, Dario; Kochi, Yu; Lemm, Elizabeth; Packham, Graham; Hill, Martyn

2015-01-01

We demonstrate an imaging flow cytometer that uses acoustic levitation to assemble cells and other particles into a sheet structure. This technique enables a high resolution, low noise CMOS camera to capture images of thousands of cells with each frame. While ultrasonic focussing has previously been demonstrated for 1D cytometry systems, extending the technology to a planar, much higher throughput format and integrating imaging is non-trivial, and represents a significant jump forward in capability, leading to diagnostic possibilities not achievable with current systems. A galvo mirror is used to track the images of the moving cells permitting exposure times of 10 ms at frame rates of 50 fps with motion blur of only a few pixels. At 80 fps, we demonstrate a throughput of 208 000 beads per second. We investigate the factors affecting motion blur and throughput, and demonstrate the system with fluorescent beads, leukaemia cells and a chondrocyte cell line. Cells require more time to reach the acoustic focus than beads, resulting in lower throughputs; however a longer device would remove this constraint. PMID:29456838

Click it or ticket evaluation, 2008–2009 : traffic tech.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-06-01

Click It or Ticket (CIOT) is a high-visibility enforcement : program to increase seat belt use. Click It or Ticket was : adopted as a national program in 2003 and is credited : with steady increases in seat belt use across the Nation. : In 2009, seat...

Preserve America Summit

Science.gov Websites

the recommendations, see the Executive Summary or the Full Report) More than a year has passed, and reports on each recommendation. Comprehensive Inventory (click to read report) Agencies involved: NPS , ACHP (with NCSHPO) Cultural Diversity (click to read report) Agencies involved: NPS Disasters (click to

Electronic device increases threshold sensitivity and removes noise from FM communications receiver

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Conrad, W. M.; Loch, F. J.

1971-01-01

Threshold extension device connected between demodulator output and filter output minimizes clicking noise. Device consists of click-eliminating signal transfer channel with follow-and-hold circuit and detector for sensing click impulses. Final output consists of signal plus low level noise without high amplitude impulses.

Echolocation behaviour adapted to prey in foraging Blainville's beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris)

PubMed Central

Johnson, M; Hickmott, L.S; Aguilar Soto, N; Madsen, P.T

2007-01-01

Toothed whales echolocating in the wild generate clicks with low repetition rates to locate prey but then produce rapid sequences of clicks, called buzzes, when attempting to capture prey. However, little is known about the factors that determine clicking rates or how prey type and behaviour influence echolocation-based foraging. Here we study Blainville's beaked whales foraging in deep water using a multi-sensor DTAG that records both outgoing echolocation clicks and echoes returning from mesopelagic prey. We demonstrate that the clicking rate at the beginning of buzzes is related to the distance between whale and prey, supporting the presumption that whales focus on a specific prey target during the buzz. One whale showed a bimodal relationship between target range and clicking rate producing abnormally slow buzz clicks while attempting to capture large echoic targets, probably schooling prey, with echo duration indicating a school diameter of up to 4.3 m. These targets were only found when the whale performed tight circling manoeuvres spending up to five times longer in water volumes with large targets than with small targets. The result indicates that toothed whales in the wild can adjust their echolocation behaviour and movement for capture of different prey on the basis of structural echo information. PMID:17986434

Timing and context of dolphin clicks during and after mine simulator detection and marking in the open ocean

PubMed Central

Dibble, Dianna S.; Kennemer, Jaime A.

2018-01-01

ABSTRACT Two dolphins carrying cameras swam in the ocean as they searched for and marked mine simulators – buried, proud or moored. As the animals swam ahead of a boat they searched the ocean. Cameras on their harness recorded continuous sound and video. Once a target was detected, the dolphins received a marker to take to the simulator's location. During search and detection, dolphins made almost continuous trains of varying interval clicks. During the marking phase, shorter click trains were interrupted by periods of silence. As the dolphins marked simulators, they often produced victory squeals – pulse bursts that vary in duration, peak frequency and amplitude. Victory squeals were produced on 72% of marks. Sometimes after marking, or at other times during their long swims, the dolphins produced click packets. Packets typically consisted of two to 10 clicks with inter-click intervals of 7-117 ms followed by a silence of 223-983 ms. Click packets appeared unrelated with searching or marking. We suggest that the packets were used to improve signal to noise ratios for locating a boat or other distant object. Victory squeals produced when marking the targets suggest to us that the dolphins know when they have succeeded in this multipart task. PMID:29463515

Timing and context of dolphin clicks during and after mine simulator detection and marking in the open ocean.

PubMed

Ridgway, Sam H; Dibble, Dianna S; Kennemer, Jaime A

2018-02-20

Two dolphins carrying cameras swam in the ocean as they searched for and marked mine simulators - buried, proud or moored. As the animals swam ahead of a boat they searched the ocean. Cameras on their harness recorded continuous sound and video. Once a target was detected, the dolphins received a marker to take to the simulator's location. During search and detection, dolphins made almost continuous trains of varying interval clicks. During the marking phase, shorter click trains were interrupted by periods of silence. As the dolphins marked simulators, they often produced victory squeals - pulse bursts that vary in duration, peak frequency and amplitude. Victory squeals were produced on 72% of marks. Sometimes after marking, or at other times during their long swims, the dolphins produced click packets. Packets typically consisted of two to 10 clicks with inter-click intervals of 7-117 ms followed by a silence of 223-983 ms. Click packets appeared unrelated with searching or marking. We suggest that the packets were used to improve signal to noise ratios for locating a boat or other distant object. Victory squeals produced when marking the targets suggest to us that the dolphins know when they have succeeded in this multipart task. © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Dynamic allocation of attention to metrical and grouping accents in rhythmic sequences.

PubMed

Kung, Shu-Jen; Tzeng, Ovid J L; Hung, Daisy L; Wu, Denise H

2011-04-01

Most people find it easy to perform rhythmic movements in synchrony with music, which reflects their ability to perceive the temporal periodicity and to allocate attention in time accordingly. Musicians and non-musicians were tested in a click localization paradigm in order to investigate how grouping and metrical accents in metrical rhythms influence attention allocation, and to reveal the effect of musical expertise on such processing. We performed two experiments in which the participants were required to listen to isochronous metrical rhythms containing superimposed clicks and then to localize the click on graphical and ruler-like representations with and without grouping structure information, respectively. Both experiments revealed metrical and grouping influences on click localization. Musical expertise improved the precision of click localization, especially when the click coincided with a metrically strong beat. Critically, although all participants located the click accurately at the beginning of an intensity group, only musicians located it precisely when it coincided with a strong beat at the end of the group. Removal of the visual cue of grouping structures enhanced these effects in musicians and reduced them in non-musicians. These results indicate that musical expertise not only enhances attention to metrical accents but also heightens sensitivity to perceptual grouping.

Interrelationships between intranarial pressure and biosonar clicks in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Elsberry, Wesley R.; Cranford, Ted W.; Ridgway, Sam H.; Carder, Donald A.; Vanbonn, William G.; Blackwood, Diane J.; Carr, Jennifer A.; Evans, William E.

2002-05-01

Three Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were given a target recognition biosonar task. During their performance of the task, both acoustic data in the far field and pressure within the bony nasal passages were digitally recorded (Elsberry et al., 1999). Analysis of over 15000 biosonar clicks provided new insights into odontocete biosonar sound production and is consistent with acoustic and pressure data taken from white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) during biosonar (Ridgway and Carder, 1988). Our work provides the first evidence for a minimum intranarial pressure during biosonar click production for any odontocete (11.8+/-0.5 kPascals over basal pressure). All three subjects exhibited nearly the same minimum tranarial pressure difference during biosonar click production. Clicks produced at or near this minimum intranarial pressure exhibited a wide range of acoustic power values. The acoustic power of a biosonar click was not highly correlated with intranarial pressure (R2=0.116). The radiated acoustic energy in biosonar clicks ranged from 1 to 1370 microJoules. Estimates of mechanical work during pressurization events were produced using a piston/cylinder model and intranarial volume data from prepared specimens and computed tomography scans. Mechanical work during pressurization events ranged from 2.74 to 23.0 Joules, with an average of 10.3 Joules.

Male discrimination of receptive and unreceptive female calls by temporal features

PubMed Central

Elliott, Taffeta M.; Kelley, Darcy B.

2012-01-01

Summary In murky, crowded ponds in South Africa, female clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis (Daudin), vocalize to signal reproductive state. Female calls consist of acoustically similar clicks delivered in trains with characteristic rates. The rapping call of a sexually receptive female has a more rapid click rate [81 ms mean interclick interval (ICI)] than the ticking call of an unreceptive female (219 ms ICI). Rapping stimulates male advertisement calling, whereas ticking suppresses an already calling male. We examined how males label and discriminate female click rates. A labeling boundary experiment revealed that males perceive click rates between the means of rapping and ticking as lying on a continuum. They respond to 98 and 160 ms ICI as though to rapping and ticking, respectively. However, calling evoked by a click rate equally common to both calls (120 ms ICI) did not differ from the response to either rapping or ticking. A second experiment evaluated whether males discriminate click rates both labeled as ticking (180 and 219 ms ICI). Ticking suppresses advertising males, and suppressed males habituate (resume calling) to prolonged ticking. Both ticking stimuli suppressed males with equal effectiveness, and males habituated in equivalent amounts of time. When the stimulus was switched during habituation, no dishabituation occurred. We conclude that male labeling of click trains as rapping or ticking reflects an ambiguity resulting from the overlap in ICIs naturally occurring in the calls. Males do not respond differentially to click rates within the ticking category. Males thus combine discriminating and non-discriminating strategies in responding to the salient feature of female calls. PMID:17690231

Click Chemistry and Radiochemistry: The First 10 Years.

PubMed

Meyer, Jan-Philip; Adumeau, Pierre; Lewis, Jason S; Zeglis, Brian M

2016-12-21

The advent of click chemistry has had a profound influence on almost all branches of chemical science. This is particularly true of radiochemistry and the synthesis of agents for positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and targeted radiotherapy. The selectivity, ease, rapidity, and modularity of click ligations make them nearly ideally suited for the construction of radiotracers, a process that often involves working with biomolecules in aqueous conditions with inexorably decaying radioisotopes. In the following pages, our goal is to provide a broad overview of the first 10 years of research at the intersection of click chemistry and radiochemistry. The discussion will focus on four areas that we believe underscore the critical advantages provided by click chemistry: (i) the use of prosthetic groups for radiolabeling reactions, (ii) the creation of coordination scaffolds for radiometals, (iii) the site-specific radiolabeling of proteins and peptides, and (iv) the development of strategies for in vivo pretargeting. Particular emphasis will be placed on the four most prevalent click reactions-the Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (IEDDA), and the Staudinger ligation-although less well-known click ligations will be discussed as well. Ultimately, it is our hope that this review will not only serve to educate readers but will also act as a springboard, inspiring synthetic chemists and radiochemists alike to harness click chemistry in even more innovative and ambitious ways as we embark upon the second decade of this fruitful collaboration.

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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-21

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Iterated intracochlear reflection shapes the envelopes of basilar-membrane click responses

PubMed Central

Shera, Christopher A.

2015-01-01

Multiple internal reflection of cochlear traveling waves has been argued to provide a plausible explanation for the waxing and waning and other temporal structures often exhibited by the envelopes of basilar-membrane (BM) and auditory-nerve responses to acoustic clicks. However, a recent theoretical analysis of a BM click response measured in chinchilla concludes that the waveform cannot have arisen via any equal, repetitive process, such as iterated intracochlear reflection [Wit and Bell (2015), J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 138, 94–96]. Reanalysis of the waveform contradicts this conclusion. The measured BM click response is used to derive the frequency-domain transfer function characterizing every iteration of the loop. The selfsame transfer function that yields waxing and waning of the BM click response also captures the spectral features of ear-canal stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emissions measured in the same animal, consistent with the predictions of multiple internal reflection. Small shifts in transfer-function phase simulate results at different measurement locations and reproduce the heterogeneity of BM click response envelopes observed experimentally. PMID:26723327

'Megapclicks': acoustic click trains and buzzes produced during night-time foraging of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae).

PubMed

Stimpert, Alison K; Wiley, David N; Au, Whitlow W L; Johnson, Mark P; Arsenault, Roland

2007-10-22

Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) exhibit a variety of foraging behaviours, but neither they nor any baleen whale are known to produce broadband clicks in association with feeding, as do many odontocetes. We recorded underwater behaviour of humpback whales in a northwest Atlantic feeding area using suction-cup attached, multi-sensor, acoustic tags (DTAGs). Here we describe the first recordings of click production associated with underwater lunges from baleen whales. Recordings of over 34000 'megapclicks' from two whales indicated relatively low received levels at the tag (between 143 and 154dB re 1 microPa pp), most energy below 2kHz, and interclick intervals often decreasing towards the end of click trains to form a buzz. All clicks were recorded during night-time hours. Sharp body rolls also occurred at the end of click bouts containing buzzes, suggesting feeding events. This acoustic behaviour seems to form part of a night-time feeding tactic for humpbacks and also expands the known acoustic repertoire of baleen whales in general.

LINCS Canvas Browser: interactive web app to query, browse and interrogate LINCS L1000 gene expression signatures.

PubMed

Duan, Qiaonan; Flynn, Corey; Niepel, Mario; Hafner, Marc; Muhlich, Jeremy L; Fernandez, Nicolas F; Rouillard, Andrew D; Tan, Christopher M; Chen, Edward Y; Golub, Todd R; Sorger, Peter K; Subramanian, Aravind; Ma'ayan, Avi

2014-07-01

For the Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) project many gene expression signatures using the L1000 technology have been produced. The L1000 technology is a cost-effective method to profile gene expression in large scale. LINCS Canvas Browser (LCB) is an interactive HTML5 web-based software application that facilitates querying, browsing and interrogating many of the currently available LINCS L1000 data. LCB implements two compacted layered canvases, one to visualize clustered L1000 expression data, and the other to display enrichment analysis results using 30 different gene set libraries. Clicking on an experimental condition highlights gene-sets enriched for the differentially expressed genes from the selected experiment. A search interface allows users to input gene lists and query them against over 100 000 conditions to find the top matching experiments. The tool integrates many resources for an unprecedented potential for new discoveries in systems biology and systems pharmacology. The LCB application is available at http://www.maayanlab.net/LINCS/LCB. Customized versions will be made part of the http://lincscloud.org and http://lincs.hms.harvard.edu websites. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

Triazolophostins: a library of novel and potent agonists of IP3 receptors.

PubMed

Vibhute, Amol M; Konieczny, Vera; Taylor, Colin W; Sureshan, Kana M

2015-06-28

IP3 receptors are channels that mediate the release of Ca(2+) from the intracellular stores of cells stimulated by hormones or neurotransmitters. Adenophostin A (AdA) is the most potent agonist of IP3 receptors, with the β-anomeric adenine contributing to the increased potency. The potency of AdA and its stability towards the enzymes that degrade IP3 have aroused interest in AdA analogs for biological studies. The complex structure of AdA poses problems that have necessitated optimization of synthetic conditions for each analog. Such lengthy one-at-a-time syntheses limit access to AdA analogs. We have addressed this problem by synthesizing a library of triazole-based AdA analogs, triazolophostins, by employing click chemistry. An advanced intermediate having all the necessary phosphates and a β-azide at the anomeric position was reacted with various alkynes under Cu(i) catalysis to yield triazoles, which upon deprotection gave triazolophostins. All eleven triazolophostins synthesized are more potent than IP3 and some are equipotent with AdA in functional analyses of IP3 receptors. We show that a triazole ring can replace adenine without compromising the potency of AdA and provide facile routes to novel AdA analogs.

Click-MS: Tagless Protein Enrichment Using Bioorthogonal Chemistry for Quantitative Proteomics.

PubMed

Smits, Arne H; Borrmann, Annika; Roosjen, Mark; van Hest, Jan C M; Vermeulen, Michiel

2016-12-16

Epitope-tagging is an effective tool to facilitate protein enrichment from crude cell extracts. Traditionally, N- or C-terminal fused tags are employed, which, however, can perturb protein function. Unnatural amino acids (UAAs) harboring small reactive handles can be site-specifically incorporated into proteins, thus serving as a potential alternative for conventional protein tags. Here, we introduce Click-MS, which combines the power of site-specific UAA incorporation, bioorthogonal chemistry, and quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to specifically enrich a single protein of interest from crude mammalian cell extracts. By genetic encoding of p-azido-l-phenylalanine, the protein of interest can be selectively captured using copper-free click chemistry. We use Click-MS to enrich proteins that function in different cellular compartments, and we identify protein-protein interactions, showing the great potential of Click-MS for interaction proteomics workflows.

Energy harvesting from mouse click of robot finger using piezoelectrics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cha, Youngsu; Hong, Jin; Lee, Jaemin; Park, Jung-Min; Kim, Keehoon

2017-04-01

In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of energy harvesting from the mouse click motion using a piezoelectric energy transducer. Specifically, we use a robotic finger to realize repeatable mouse click motion. The robotic finger wears a glove with a pocket for including the piezoelectric material as an energy transducer. We propose a model for the energy harvesting system through the inverse kinematic framework of parallel joints in the finger and the electromechanical coupling equations of the piezoelectric material. Experiments are performed to elucidate the effect of the load resistance and the mouse click motion on energy harvesting.

Linking Metal Ions via Inorganic Click (iClick) Reactions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Veige, Adam

2015-11-17

This final report discusses the major objectives of the project, a discussion of the objectives achieved, a discussion of the objectives that failed, and finally, a discussion of future directions given the new knowledge obtained. This one-year seed project (with one year no-cost extension) contained three objectives: A) Expand the scope of iClick synthesis beyond AuI/AuI reactions. B) Elucidate a CuI-catalyzed iClick reaction. C) Synthesize and characterize tri- and tetra-metallic complexes as models for metallopolymers. Objectives A and C were achieved, whereas only parts of objective B were achieved.

Realtime Hourly Data Table

Science.gov Websites

Tables View the latest hourly text summary CLICK ON UNDERLINED HOUR / SHADED BOX FOR THE LATEST CYCLE 00z Dump Tables View the latest rap text summary CLICK ON UNDERLINED HOUR / SHADED BOX FOR THE LATEST CYCLE Data Dump Tables View the latest model data text summary NAM GFS GDS CLICK ON UNDERLINED HOUR / SHADED

Modeling User Behavior and Attention in Search

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huang, Jeff

2013-01-01

In Web search, query and click log data are easy to collect but they fail to capture user behaviors that do not lead to clicks. As search engines reach the limits inherent in click data and are hungry for more data in a competitive environment, mining cursor movements, hovering, and scrolling becomes important. This dissertation investigates how…

PMC's Florida Bay & Adjacent Marine Systems Science Program

Science.gov Websites

Florida Bay and Adjacent Marine Systems Science Program Inverted image, click link below to view actual image and caption click to display actual image and caption Program Overview Management & - January 2002 >For more, click here to view the What's New Page... | Main | Overview | Management &

Comparison between ABR with click and narrow band chirp stimuli in children.

PubMed

Zirn, Stefan; Louza, Julia; Reiman, Viktor; Wittlinger, Natalie; Hempel, John-Martin; Schuster, Maria

2014-08-01

Click and chirp-evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABR) are applied for the estimation of hearing thresholds in children. The present study analyzes ABR thresholds across a large sample of children's ears obtained with both methods. The aim was to demonstrate the correlation between both methods using narrow band chirp and click stimuli. Click and chirp evoked ABRs were measured in 253 children aged from 0 to 18 years to determine their individual auditory threshold. The delay-compensated stimuli were narrow band CE chirps with either 2000 Hz or 4000 Hz center frequencies. Measurements were performed consecutively during natural sleep, and under sedation or general anesthesia. Threshold estimation was performed for each measurement by two experienced audiologists. Pearson-correlation analysis revealed highly significant correlations (r=0.94) between click and chirp derived thresholds for both 2 kHz and 4 kHz chirps. No considerable differences were observed either between different age ranges or gender. Comparing the thresholds estimated using ABR with click stimuli and chirp stimuli, only 0.8-2% for the 2000 Hz NB-chirp and 0.4-1.2% of the 4000 Hz NB-chirp measurements differed more than 15 dB for different degrees of hearing loss or normal hearing. The results suggest that either NB-chirp or click ABR is sufficient for threshold estimation. This holds for the chirp frequencies of 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz. The use of either click- or chirp-evoked ABR allows a reduction of recording time in young infants. Nevertheless, to cross-check the results of one of the methods, we recommend measurements with the other method as well. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Discrimination of fast click-series produced by tagged Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus) for echolocation or communication.

PubMed

Arranz, P; DeRuiter, S L; Stimpert, A K; Neves, S; Friedlaender, A S; Goldbogen, J A; Visser, F; Calambokidis, J; Southall, B L; Tyack, P L

2016-09-15

Early studies that categorized odontocete pulsed sounds had few means of discriminating signals used for biosonar-based foraging from those used for communication. This capability to identify the function of sounds is important for understanding and interpreting behavior; it is also essential for monitoring and mitigating potential disturbance from human activities. Archival tags were placed on free-ranging Grampus griseus to quantify and discriminate between pulsed sounds used for echolocation-based foraging and those used for communication. Two types of rapid click-series pulsed sounds, buzzes and burst pulses, were identified as produced by the tagged dolphins and classified using a Gaussian mixture model based on their duration, association with jerk (i.e. rapid change of acceleration) and temporal association with click trains. Buzzes followed regular echolocation clicks and coincided with a strong jerk signal from accelerometers on the tag. They consisted of series averaging 359±210 clicks (mean±s.d.) with an increasing repetition rate and relatively low amplitude. Burst pulses consisted of relatively short click series averaging 45±54 clicks with decreasing repetition rate and longer inter-click interval that were less likely to be associated with regular echolocation and the jerk signal. These results suggest that the longer, relatively lower amplitude, jerk-associated buzzes are used in this species to capture prey, mostly during the bottom phase of foraging dives, as seen in other odontocetes. In contrast, the shorter, isolated burst pulses that are generally emitted by the dolphins while at or near the surface are used outside of a direct, known foraging context. © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Web Image Search Re-ranking with Click-based Similarity and Typicality.

PubMed

Yang, Xiaopeng; Mei, Tao; Zhang, Yong Dong; Liu, Jie; Satoh, Shin'ichi

2016-07-20

In image search re-ranking, besides the well known semantic gap, intent gap, which is the gap between the representation of users' query/demand and the real intent of the users, is becoming a major problem restricting the development of image retrieval. To reduce human effects, in this paper, we use image click-through data, which can be viewed as the "implicit feedback" from users, to help overcome the intention gap, and further improve the image search performance. Generally, the hypothesis visually similar images should be close in a ranking list and the strategy images with higher relevance should be ranked higher than others are widely accepted. To obtain satisfying search results, thus, image similarity and the level of relevance typicality are determinate factors correspondingly. However, when measuring image similarity and typicality, conventional re-ranking approaches only consider visual information and initial ranks of images, while overlooking the influence of click-through data. This paper presents a novel re-ranking approach, named spectral clustering re-ranking with click-based similarity and typicality (SCCST). First, to learn an appropriate similarity measurement, we propose click-based multi-feature similarity learning algorithm (CMSL), which conducts metric learning based on clickbased triplets selection, and integrates multiple features into a unified similarity space via multiple kernel learning. Then based on the learnt click-based image similarity measure, we conduct spectral clustering to group visually and semantically similar images into same clusters, and get the final re-rank list by calculating click-based clusters typicality and withinclusters click-based image typicality in descending order. Our experiments conducted on two real-world query-image datasets with diverse representative queries show that our proposed reranking approach can significantly improve initial search results, and outperform several existing re-ranking approaches.

Growing Applications of “Click Chemistry” for Bioconjugation in Contemporary Biomedical Research

PubMed Central

Nwe, Kido

2009-01-01

Summation This update summarizes the growing application of “click” chemistry in diverse areas such as bioconjugation, drug discovery, materials science, and radiochemistry. This update also discusses click chemistry reactions that proceed rapidly with high selectivity, specificity, and yield. Two important characteristics make click chemistry so attractive for assembling compounds, reagents, and biomolecules for preclinical and clinical applications. First, click reactions are bio-orthogonal; neither the reactants nor their product's functional groups interact with functionalized biomolecules. Second, the reactions proceed with ease under mild nontoxic conditions, such as at room temperature and, usually, in water. The copper-catalyzed Huisgen cycloaddition, azide-alkyne [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition, Staudinger ligation, and azide-phosphine ligation each possess these unique qualities. These reactions can be used to modify one cellular component while leaving others unharmed or untouched. Click chemistry has found increasing applications in all aspects of drug discovery in medicinal chemistry, such as for generating lead compounds through combinatorial methods. Bioconjugation via click chemistry is rigorously employed in proteomics and nucleic research. In radiochemistry, selective radiolabeling of biomolecules in cells and living organisms for imaging and therapy has been realized by this technology. Bifunctional chelating agents for several radionuclides useful for positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography imaging have also been prepared by using click chemistry. This review concludes that click chemistry is not the perfect conjugation and assembly technology for all applications, but provides a powerful, attractive alternative to conventional chemistry. This chemistry has proven itself to be superior in satisfying many criteria (e.g., biocompatibility, selectivity, yield, stereospecificity, and so forth); thus, one can expect it will consequently become a more routine strategy in the near future for a wide range of applications. PMID:19538051

Evoked potential recording during echolocation in a false killer whale Pseudorca crassidens (L)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Supin, Alexander Ya.; Nachtigall, Paul E.; Pawloski, Jeffrey; Au, Whitlow W. L.

2003-05-01

Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded in a false killer whale while the animal echolocated a target. The ABR collection was triggered by echolocation clicks of the animal. In these conditions, the recorded ABR pattern contained a duplicate set of waves. A comparison of ABR wave delays recorded during echolocation with those recorded during regular external stimulation with experimenter generated clicks showed that the first set of waves may be a response to the emitted click whereas the second one may be a response to the echo. Both responses, to the emitted click and to the echo, were of comparable amplitude in spite of the intensity difference of these two sounds that may differ by more than 40 dB near the animal's head. This finding indicates the presence of some mechanism of releasing responses to echoes from masking by loud emitted clicks. The evoked-potential method may be productive to investigate these mechanisms.

Factors influencing clicking of banner ads on the WWW.

PubMed

Cho, Chang-Hoan

2003-04-01

This paper explores various factors influencing the clicking of banner ads on the WWW. The study indicates that several important variables affect the clicking of banner ads: (1) level of product involvement, (2) congruency between the content of a vehicle and the product category of a banner ad, (3) attitude toward the vehicle, and (4) overall attitude toward web advertising. For methodology, this study employed a between-group experimental design and measured real click-through rates with the aid of an online data collection technology called FileMaker Pro. Results of logistic regressions show that people are more likely to click banner ads if they are highly involved with products, perceive high synergy between web pages and ads, have a favorable attitude toward a vehicle, or have a favorable attitude toward web advertising in general. A total of 756 subjects participated in this research.

Identification and analysis of unsatisfactory psychosocial work situations: a participatory approach employing video-computer interaction.

PubMed

Hanse, J J; Forsman, M

2001-02-01

A method for psychosocial evaluation of potentially stressful or unsatisfactory situations in manual work was developed. It focuses on subjective responses regarding specific situations and is based on interactive worker assessment when viewing video recordings of oneself. The worker is first video-recorded during work. The video is then displayed on the computer terminal, and the filmed worker clicks on virtual controls on the screen whenever an unsatisfactory psychosocial situation appears; a window of questions regarding psychological demands, mental strain and job control is then opened. A library with pictorial information and comments on the selected situations is formed in the computer. The evaluation system, called PSIDAR, was applied in two case studies, one of manual materials handling in an automotive workshop and one of a group of workers producing and testing instrument panels. The findings indicate that PSIDAR can provide data that are useful in a participatory ergonomic process of change.

Thoth: Software for data visualization & statistics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Laher, R. R.

2016-10-01

Thoth is a standalone software application with a graphical user interface for making it easy to query, display, visualize, and analyze tabular data stored in relational databases and data files. From imported data tables, it can create pie charts, bar charts, scatter plots, and many other kinds of data graphs with simple menus and mouse clicks (no programming required), by leveraging the open-source JFreeChart library. It also computes useful table-column data statistics. A mature tool, having underwent development and testing over several years, it is written in the Java computer language, and hence can be run on any computing platform that has a Java Virtual Machine and graphical-display capability. It can be downloaded and used by anyone free of charge, and has general applicability in science, engineering, medical, business, and other fields. Special tools and features for common tasks in astronomy and astrophysical research are included in the software.

Click Chemistry-Facilitated Structural Diversification of Nitrothiazoles, Nitrofurans, and Nitropyrroles Enhances Antimicrobial Activity against Giardia lamblia

PubMed Central

Kim, Wan Jung; Korthals, Keith A.; Li, Suhua; Le, Christine; Kalisiak, Jarosław; Sharpless, K. Barry; Fokin, Valery V.; Miyamoto, Yukiko

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Giardia lamblia is an important and ubiquitous cause of diarrheal disease. The primary agents in the treatment of giardiasis are nitroheterocyclic drugs, particularly the imidazoles metronidazole and tinidazole and the thiazole nitazoxanide. Although these drugs are generally effective, treatment failures occur in up to 20% of cases, and resistance has been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. Prior work had suggested that side chain modifications of the imidazole core can lead to new effective 5-nitroimidazole drugs that can combat nitro drug resistance, but the full potential of nitroheterocycles other than imidazole to yield effective new antigiardial agents has not been explored. Here, we generated derivatives of two clinically utilized nitroheterocycles, nitrothiazole and nitrofuran, as well as a third heterocycle, nitropyrrole, which is related to nitroimidazole but has not been systematically investigated as an antimicrobial drug scaffold. Click chemistry was employed to synthesize 442 novel nitroheterocyclic compounds with extensive side chain modifications. Screening of this library against representative G. lamblia strains showed a wide spectrum of in vitro activities, with many of the compounds exhibiting superior activity relative to reference drugs and several showing >100-fold increase in potency and the ability to overcome existing forms of metronidazole resistance. The majority of new compounds displayed no cytotoxicity against human cells, and several compounds were orally active against murine giardiasis in vivo. These findings provide additional impetus for the systematic development of nitroheterocyclic compounds with nonimidazole cores as alternative and improved agents for the treatment of giardiasis and potentially other infectious agents. PMID:28396548

Click Chemistry-Facilitated Structural Diversification of Nitrothiazoles, Nitrofurans, and Nitropyrroles Enhances Antimicrobial Activity against Giardia lamblia.

PubMed

Kim, Wan Jung; Korthals, Keith A; Li, Suhua; Le, Christine; Kalisiak, Jarosław; Sharpless, K Barry; Fokin, Valery V; Miyamoto, Yukiko; Eckmann, Lars

2017-06-01

Giardia lamblia is an important and ubiquitous cause of diarrheal disease. The primary agents in the treatment of giardiasis are nitroheterocyclic drugs, particularly the imidazoles metronidazole and tinidazole and the thiazole nitazoxanide. Although these drugs are generally effective, treatment failures occur in up to 20% of cases, and resistance has been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro Prior work had suggested that side chain modifications of the imidazole core can lead to new effective 5-nitroimidazole drugs that can combat nitro drug resistance, but the full potential of nitroheterocycles other than imidazole to yield effective new antigiardial agents has not been explored. Here, we generated derivatives of two clinically utilized nitroheterocycles, nitrothiazole and nitrofuran, as well as a third heterocycle, nitropyrrole, which is related to nitroimidazole but has not been systematically investigated as an antimicrobial drug scaffold. Click chemistry was employed to synthesize 442 novel nitroheterocyclic compounds with extensive side chain modifications. Screening of this library against representative G. lamblia strains showed a wide spectrum of in vitro activities, with many of the compounds exhibiting superior activity relative to reference drugs and several showing >100-fold increase in potency and the ability to overcome existing forms of metronidazole resistance. The majority of new compounds displayed no cytotoxicity against human cells, and several compounds were orally active against murine giardiasis in vivo These findings provide additional impetus for the systematic development of nitroheterocyclic compounds with nonimidazole cores as alternative and improved agents for the treatment of giardiasis and potentially other infectious agents. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology.

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View Submitted Projects | NOAA Gulf Spill Restoration

Science.gov Websites

that have been submitted to the trustees for consideration. To view details of an individual project , click the View icon on the list below or click the project marker on the map. To highlight the location of a project from the list, click the Show on Map icon. All projects that have met the posting

Sex and Ear Differences in Spontaneous and Click-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions in Young Adults

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Snihur, Adrian W. K.; Hampson, Elizabeth

2011-01-01

Effects of sex and handedness on the production of spontaneous and click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) were explored in a non-hearing impaired population (ages 17-25 years). A sex difference in OAEs, either produced spontaneously (spontaneous OAEs or SOAEs) or in response to auditory stimuli (click-evoked OAEs or CEOAEs) has been reported in…

Echolocation clicks from killer whales (Orcinus orca) feeding on herring (Clupea harengus).

PubMed

Simon, Malene; Wahlberg, Magnus; Miller, Lee A

2007-02-01

Echolocation clicks from Norwegian killer whales feeding on herring schools were recorded using a four-hydrophone array. The clicks had broadband bimodal frequency spectra with low and high frequency peaks at 24 and 108 kHz, respectively. The -10 dB bandwidth was 35 kHz. The average source level varied from 173 to 202 dB re 1 microPa (peak-to-peak) at 1 m. This is considerably lower than source levels described for Canadian killer whales foraging on salmon. It is suggested that biosonar clicks of Norwegian killer whales are adapted for localization of prey with high target strength and acute hearing abilities.

Specific labeling of zinc finger proteins using noncanonical amino acids and copper-free click chemistry.

PubMed

Kim, Younghoon; Kim, Sung Hoon; Ferracane, Dean; Katzenellenbogen, John A; Schroeder, Charles M

2012-09-19

Zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) play a key role in transcriptional regulation and serve as invaluable tools for gene modification and genetic engineering. Development of efficient strategies for labeling metalloproteins such as ZFPs is essential for understanding and controlling biological processes. In this work, we engineered ZFPs containing cysteine-histidine (Cys2-His2) motifs by metabolic incorporation of the unnatural amino acid azidohomoalanine (AHA), followed by specific protein labeling via click chemistry. We show that cyclooctyne promoted [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition with azides, known as copper-free click chemistry, provides rapid and specific labeling of ZFPs at high yields as determined by mass spectrometry analysis. We observe that the DNA-binding activity of ZFPs labeled by conventional copper-mediated click chemistry was completely abolished, whereas ZFPs labeled by copper-free click chemistry retain their sequence-specific DNA-binding activity under native conditions, as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, protein microarrays, and kinetic binding assays based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Our work provides a general framework to label metalloproteins such as ZFPs by metabolic incorporation of unnatural amino acids followed by copper-free click chemistry.

Click- and chirp-evoked human compound action potentials

PubMed Central

Chertoff, Mark; Lichtenhan, Jeffery; Willis, Marie

2010-01-01

In the experiments reported here, the amplitude and the latency of human compound action potentials (CAPs) evoked from a chirp stimulus are compared to those evoked from a traditional click stimulus. The chirp stimulus was created with a frequency sweep to compensate for basilar membrane traveling wave delay using the O-Chirp equations from Fobel and Dau [(2004). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 2213–2222] derived from otoacoustic emission data. Human cochlear traveling wave delay estimates were obtained from derived compound band action potentials provided by Eggermont [(1979). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 65, 463–470]. CAPs were recorded from an electrode placed on the tympanic membrane (TM), and the acoustic signals were monitored with a probe tube microphone attached to the TM electrode. Results showed that the amplitude and latency of chirp-evoked N1 of the CAP differed from click-evoked CAPs in several regards. For the chirp-evoked CAP, the N1 amplitude was significantly larger than the click-evoked N1s. The latency-intensity function was significantly shallower for chirp-evoked CAPs as compared to click-evoked CAPs. This suggests that auditory nerve fibers respond with more unison to a chirp stimulus than to a click stimulus. PMID:21117748

Specific Labeling of Zinc Finger Proteins using Non-canonical Amino Acids and Copper-free Click Chemistry

PubMed Central

Kim, Younghoon; Kim, Sung Hoon; Ferracane, Dean; Katzenellenbogen, John A.

2012-01-01

Zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) play a key role in transcriptional regulation and serve as invaluable tools for gene modification and genetic engineering. Development of efficient strategies for labeling metalloproteins such as ZFPs is essential for understanding and controlling biological processes. In this work, we engineered ZFPs containing cysteine-histidine (Cys2-His2) motifs by metabolic incorporation of the unnatural amino acid azidohomoalanine (AHA), followed by specific protein labeling via click chemistry. We show that cyclooctyne promoted [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition with azides, known as copper-free click chemistry, provides rapid and specific labeling of ZFPs at high yields as determined by mass spectrometry analysis. We observe that the DNA-binding activity of ZFPs labeled by conventional copper-mediated click chemistry was completely abolished, whereas ZFPs labeled by copper-free click chemistry retain their sequence-specific DNA-binding activity under native conditions, as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, protein microarrays and kinetic binding assays based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Our work provides a general framework to label metalloproteins such as ZFPs by metabolic incorporation of unnatural amino acids followed by copper-free click chemistry. PMID:22871171

Forward-masking based gain control in odontocete biosonar: an evoked-potential study.

PubMed

Supin, Alexander Ya; Nachtigall, Paul E; Breese, Marlee

2009-04-01

Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) were recorded during echolocation in a false killer whale Pseudorca crassidens. An electronically synthesized and played-back ("phantom") echo was used. Each electronic echo was triggered by an emitted biosonar pulse. The echo had a spectrum similar to that of the emitted biosonar clicks, and its intensity was proportional to that of the emitted click. The attenuation of the echo relative to the emitted click and its delay was controlled by the experimenter. Four combinations of echo attenuation and delay were tested (-31 dB, 2 ms), (-40 dB, 4 ms), (-49 dB, 8 ms), and (-58 dB, 16 ms); thus, attenuation and delay were associated with a rate of 9 dB of increased attenuation per delay doubling. AEPs related to emitted clicks displayed a regular amplitude dependence on the click level. Echo-related AEPs did not feature amplitude dependence on echo attenuation or emitted click levels, except in a few combinations of the lowest values of these two variables. The results are explained by a hypothesis that partial forward masking of the echoes by the preceding emitted sonar pulses serves as a kind of automatic gain control in the auditory system of echolocating odontocetes.

Echolocation click rates and behavior of foraging Hawaiian spinner dolphins

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Benoit-Bird, Kelly J.; Au, Whitlow W. L.

2004-05-01

Groups of spinner dolphins work together to actively aggregate small animals in the deep-scattering layer that serve as their prey. Detailed information on dolphin foraging behavior, obtained with a 200-kHz multibeam sonar (Simrad MS2000), made it possible to correlate echolocation and foraging. Fifty-six groups of spinner dolphins foraging at night within a midwater micronekton sound-scattering layer were observed with the sonar. During sonar surveys, the rates of whistles and echolocation clicks were measured using four hydrophones at 6-m depth intervals. Significant differences in click rates were found between depths and between the different stages of foraging. Groups of foraging dolphins ranged in size from 16 to 28 dolphins. Click rates were not significantly affected by the number of dolphins in a foraging group. Contrary to initial predictions, click rates were relatively low when sonar data indicated that pairs of dolphins were actively feeding. Highest echolocation rates occurred within the scattering layer, during transitions between foraging states. Whistles were only detected when dolphins were not in a foraging formation and when animals were surfacing. This suggests clicks may be used directly or indirectly to cue group movement during foraging.

Postnatal development of echolocation abilities in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus): temporal organization.

PubMed

Favaro, Livio; Gnone, Guido; Pessani, Daniela

2013-03-01

In spite of all the information available on adult bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) biosonar, the ontogeny of its echolocation abilities has been investigated very little. Earlier studies have reported that neonatal dolphins can produce both whistles and burst-pulsed sounds just after birth and that early-pulsed sounds are probably a precursor of echolocation click trains. The aim of this research is to investigate the development of echolocation signals in a captive calf, born in the facilities of the Acquario di Genova. A set of 81 impulsive sounds were collected from birth to the seventh postnatal week and six additional echolocation click trains were recorded when the dolphin was 1 year old. Moreover, behavioral observations, concurring with sound production, were carried out by means of a video camera. For each sound we measured five acoustic parameters: click train duration (CTD), number of clicks per train, minimum, maximum, and mean click repetition rate (CRR). CTD and number of clicks per train were found to increase with age. Maximum and mean CRR followed a decreasing trend with dolphin growth starting from the second postnatal week. The calf's first head scanning movement was recorded 21 days after birth. Our data suggest that in the bottlenose dolphin the early postnatal weeks are essential for the development of echolocation abilities and that the temporal features of the echolocation click trains remain relatively stable from the seventh postnatal week up to the first year of life. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Neonate Auditory Brainstem Responses to CE-Chirp and CE-Chirp Octave Band Stimuli I: Versus Click and Tone Burst Stimuli.

PubMed

Cobb, Kensi M; Stuart, Andrew

The purpose of the study was to generate normative auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave component peak latency and amplitude values for neonates with air- and bone-conducted CE-Chirps and air-conducted CE-Chirp octave band stimuli (i.e., 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz). A second objective was to compare neonate ABRs to CE-Chirp stimuli with ABR responses to traditional click and tone burst stimuli with the same stimulus parameters. Participants were 168 healthy neonates. ABRs were obtained to air- and bone-conducted CE-Chirp and click stimuli and air-conducted CE-Chirp octave band and tone burst stimuli. The effects of stimulus level, rate, and polarity were examined with air-conducted CE-Chirps and clicks. The effect of stimulus level was also examined with bone-conducted CE-Chirps and clicks and air-conducted CE-Chirp octave band stimuli. In general, ABR wave V amplitudes to air- and bone-conducted CE-Chirp stimuli were significantly larger (p < 0.05) than those evoked to traditional click and tone burst stimuli. Systematic statistically significant (p < 0.05) wave V latency differences existed between the air- and bone-conducted CE-Chirp and CE-Chirp octave band stimuli relative to traditional click and tone burst stimuli. ABRs to air- and bone-conducted CE-Chirps and CE-Chirp octave band stimuli may be valuable in the assessment of newborn infants. However, the prognostic value of such stimuli needs to be validated.

Intracellular click reaction with a fluorescent chemical Ca2+ indicator to prolong its cytosolic retention.

PubMed

Takei, Yoshiaki; Murata, Atsushi; Yamagishi, Kento; Arai, Satoshi; Nakamura, Hideki; Inoue, Takafumi; Takeoka, Shinji

2013-08-25

The powerful strategy of "intracellular click reaction" was used to retain a chemical Ca(2+) indicator in the cytosol. Specifically, a novel clickable Ca(2+) indicator "N3-fura-2 AM" was coupled with dibenzylcyclooctyl-modified biomacromolecules via copper-free click reaction in living cells and Ca(2+) oscillation was observed for an extended period of time.

Just Click It: Undergraduate Procedures for the Copper(I)-Catalyzed Formation of 1,2,3-Triazoles from Azides and Terminal Acetylenes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sharpless, William D.; Peng Wu; Hansen, Trond Vidar; Lindberg, James G.

2005-01-01

The click chemistry uses only the most reliable reactions to build complex molecules from olefins, electrophiles and heteroatom linkers. A variation on Huisgen's azide-alkyne 1,2,3-triazole synthesis, the addition of the copper (I), the premium example of the click reaction, catalyst strongly activates terminal acetylenes towards the 1,3-dipole in…

76 FR 33282 - Information Collections Being Submitted for Review and Approval to the Office of Management and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-08

... page called ``Currently Under Review'', (3) click on the downward-pointing arrow in the ``Select Agency...'' from the list of agencies presented in the ``Select Agency'' box, (5) click the ``Submit'' button to... appears, look for the title of this ICR (or its OMB Control Number, if there is one) and then click on the...

Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Imaging of RNA Transcripts in Breast Cancer Cells

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-01

iron oxide NPs via thermal decomposition. - Prepared gold-coated iron oxide NPs. - Developed a click chemistry protocol (i.e. Cu-catalyzed terminal...D.L.J., Elias, D.R., Tsourkas, A. (2009) Comparative analysis of nanoparticle-antibody conjugations: carbodiimide versus click chemistry . Submitted...carbodiimide versus click chemistry . Submitted. APPENDICES: 1) Thorek, D.L.J., Tsourkas, A. (2008) Size, charge, and concentration dependent

Construct validity and inter-rater reliability of the Dutch activity measure for post-acute care "6-clicks" basic mobility form to assess the mobility of hospitalized patients.

PubMed

Geelen, Sven Jacobus Gertruda; Valkenet, Karin; Veenhof, Cindy

2018-05-12

To evaluate the construct validity and the inter-rater reliability of the Dutch Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care "6-clicks" Basic Mobility short form measuring the patient's mobility in Dutch hospital care. First, the "6-clicks" was translated by using a forward-backward translation protocol. Next, 64 patients were assessed by the physiotherapist to determine the validity while being admitted to the Internal Medicine wards of a university medical center. Six hypotheses were tested regarding the construct "mobility" which showed that: Better "6-clicks" scores were related to less restrictive pre-admission living situations (p = 0.011), less restrictive discharge locations (p = 0.001), more independence in activities of daily living (p = 0.001) and less physiotherapy visits (p < 0.001). A correlation was found between the "6-clicks" and length of stay (r= -0.408, p = 0.001), but not between the "6-clicks" and age (r= -0.180, p = 0.528). To determine the inter-rater reliability, an additional 50 patients were assessed by pairs of physiotherapists who independently scored the patients. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients of 0.920 (95%CI: 0.828-0.964) were found. The Kappa Coefficients for the individual items ranged from 0.649 (walking stairs) to 0.841 (sit-to-stand). The Dutch "6-clicks" shows a good construct validity and moderate-to-excellent inter-rater reliability when used to assess the mobility of hospitalized patients. Implications for Rehabilitation Even though various measurement tools have been developed, it appears the majority of physiotherapists working in a hospital currently do not use these tools as a standard part of their care. The Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care "6-clicks" Basic Mobility is the only tool which is designed to be short, easy to use within usual care and has been validated in the entire hospital population. This study shows that the Dutch version of the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care "6-clicks" Basic Mobility form is a valid, easy to use, quick tool to assess the basic mobility of Dutch hospitalized patients.

The role of new information technology meeting the global need and gap of education in pediatric surgery.

PubMed

Ure, Benno; Zoeller, Christoph; Lacher, Martin

2015-06-01

Traditionally, pediatric surgical education consisted of exposure to patients, textbooks, lectures, team-based education, congresses, and workshops. Over the last decades, however, new information technology (IT) and the internet revolutionized the sharing of information and communication. IT has become relevant in particular for the younger generation of pediatric surgeons. Today, gaps in children's health and the quality of pediatric surgical education persist between countries and regions. Advances in health care are not shared equitably. The use of IT for resource libraries, teleconferences, virtual symposiums, and telementoring has great potential in closing this gap and meeting the global needs for pediatric surgical education. This article focuses on the potential role of IT in this respect. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

CONFERENCE NOTE: Sixth Symposium on Temperature Scheduled for March 1982

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1981-07-01

The call for papers for the 6th Symposium on Temperature, Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry has been issued. The Symposium is scheduled to take place in Washington, DC, USA during the week of March 14 18, 1982. Like its predecessors held in the years 1919, 1939, 1954, 1961, and 1971, the 6th Symposium will stress advances in the measurement of thermodynamic values of temperature, in temperature reference points, in temperature sensors and instruments for the control of temperature, and in the development and use of temperature scales. For the first time, an exhibit of thermometry will be a part of the Symposium. Manuscripts to be submitted for inclusion in the Symposium should be sent to the 6th Temperature Symposium Program Chairman, National Bureau of Standards, by September 15, 1981. Those papers accepted for the Symposium will be due in camera-ready form by February 15, 1982. Original papers on all of the topics listed above, as well as reviews of the past decade's progress in thermometry and temperature control, are solicited by the Symposium organizers. The Symposium arrangements and registration are in the care of the Instrument Society of America (represented on the Symposium General Committee by Mr C T Glazer, 67 Alexander Drive, PO Box 12277, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA). Questions regarding the instrument exhibits should also be addressed to the ISA. The technical program for the Symposium is the responsibility of a committee headed by Dr J F Schooley, Room B-128 Physics Building, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC, 20234, USA. The Symposium proceedings will be published by the American Institute of Physics.

Trapping self-propelled micromotors with microfabricated chevron and heart-shaped chips† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Supporting videos (S1; S2 and S3). See DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51419f Click here for additional data file. Click here for additional data file. Click here for additional data file. Click here for additional data file.

PubMed Central

Restrepo-Pérez, Laura; Soler, Lluís; Martínez-Cisneros, Cynthia S.; Schmidt, Oliver G.

2014-01-01

We demonstrate that catalytic micromotors can be trapped in microfluidic chips containing chevron and heart-shaped structures. Despite the challenge presented by the reduced size of the traps, microfluidic chips with different trapping geometries can be fabricated via replica moulding. We prove that these microfluidic chips can capture micromotors without the need for any external mechanism to control their motion. PMID:24643940

Neurons sensitive to narrow ranges of repetitive acoustic transients in the medial geniculate body of the cat.

PubMed

Rouiller, E; de Ribaupierre, F

1982-01-01

Neuronal activity was recorded in the medial geniculate body (MGB) of nitrous oxide anaesthetized, paralysed cats in response to click trains. For most cells responding to these stimuli the spike discharges are precisely time locked to individual clicks within the train. The present study has revealed that, apart from the normal "locker" response being characterized by a monotonic decrease in the entrainment as the frequency of the clicks within the train increases, there is a small population of "lockers" which show a non-monotonic response to increasing click frequency. 41% of these non-monotonic cells were not at all entrained by the lowest click rates and had time-locked responses for very restricted frequency ranges. These particular non-monotonic "lockers" were more commonly-found in the posterior part of the pars lateralis and in the suprageniculate nucleus. These cells might be involved in the temporal coding of natural sounds such as animal vocalizations and the cat's purr.

Climate Science and Technology Symposium

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-06

at the Roger Revelle Centennial Symposium, the scientific focus of Scripps Institution of Oceanography’s celebration of Roger Revelle’s 100th...the Roger Revelle Centennial Symposium honored Revelle’s continuing legacy, and highlighted the influence his work continues to exert upon the...view the Roger Revelle Centennial Symposium on UCSD-TV, visit ucsd.tv/revellesymposium warn SYMPOSIUM REPORT ROGER REVELLE 100 TH BIRTHDAY

Are There Differences Depending on the Device Used to Complete a Web Survey (PC or Smartphone) for Order-by-Click Questions?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Revilla, Melanie

2017-01-01

The development of web surveys has been accompanied by the emergence of new scales, taking advantages of the visual and interactive features provided by the Internet like drop-down menus, sliders, drag-and-drop, or order-by-click scales. This article focuses on the order-by-click scales, studying the comparability of the data obtained for this…

Possible age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) and corresponding change in echolocation parameters in a stranded Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin.

PubMed

Li, Songhai; Wang, Ding; Wang, Kexiong; Hoffmann-Kuhnt, Matthias; Fernando, Nimal; Taylor, Elizabeth A; Lin, Wenzhi; Chen, Jialin; Ng, Timothy

2013-11-15

The hearing and echolocation clicks of a stranded Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) in Zhuhai, China, were studied. This animal had been repeatedly observed in the wild before it was stranded and its age was estimated to be ~40 years. The animal's hearing was measured using a non-invasive auditory evoked potential (AEP) method. Echolocation clicks produced by the dolphin were recorded when the animal was freely swimming in a 7.5 m (width)×22 m (length)×4.8 m (structural depth) pool with a water depth of ~2.5 m. The hearing and echolocation clicks of the studied dolphin were compared with those of a conspecific younger individual, ~13 years of age. The results suggested that the cut-off frequency of the high-frequency hearing of the studied dolphin was ~30-40 kHz lower than that of the younger individual. The peak and centre frequencies of the clicks produced by the older dolphin were ~16 kHz lower than those of the clicks produced by the younger animal. Considering that the older dolphin was ~40 years old, its lower high-frequency hearing range with lower click peak and centre frequencies could probably be explained by age-related hearing loss (presbycusis).

The Source Parameters of Echolocation Clicks from Captive and Free-Ranging Yangtze Finless Porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis).

PubMed

Fang, Liang; Wang, Ding; Li, Yongtao; Cheng, Zhaolong; Pine, Matthew K; Wang, Kexiong; Li, Songhai

2015-01-01

The clicks of Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) from 7 individuals in the tank of Baiji aquarium, 2 individuals in a netted pen at Shishou Tian-e-zhou Reserve and 4 free-ranging individuals at Tianxingzhou were recorded using a broadband digital recording system with four element hydrophones. The peak-to-peak apparent source level (ASL_pp) of clicks from individuals at the Baiji aquarium was 167 dB re 1 μPa with mean center frequency of 133 kHz, -3dB bandwidth of 18 kHz and -10 dB duration of 58 μs. The ASL_pp of clicks from individuals at the Shishou Tian-e-zhou Reserve was 180 dB re 1 μPa with mean center frequency of 128 kHz, -3dB bandwidth of 20 kHz and -10 dB duration of 39 μs. The ASL_pp of clicks from individuals at Tianxingzhou was 176 dB re 1 μPa with mean center frequency of 129 kHz, -3dB bandwidth of 15 kHz and -10 dB duration of 48 μs. Differences between the source parameters of clicks among the three groups of finless porpoises suggest these animals adapt to their echolocation signals depending on their surroundings.

Discriminating features of echolocation clicks of melon-headed whales (Peponocephala electra), bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), and Gray's spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris longirostris).

PubMed

Baumann-Pickering, Simone; Wiggins, Sean M; Hildebrand, John A; Roch, Marie A; Schnitzler, Hans-Ulrich

2010-10-01

Spectral parameters were used to discriminate between echolocation clicks produced by three dolphin species at Palmyra Atoll: melon-headed whales (Peponocephala electra), bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and Gray's spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris longirostris). Single species acoustic behavior during daytime observations was recorded with a towed hydrophone array sampling at 192 and 480 kHz. Additionally, an autonomous, bottom moored High-frequency Acoustic Recording Package (HARP) collected acoustic data with a sampling rate of 200 kHz. Melon-headed whale echolocation clicks had the lowest peak and center frequencies, spinner dolphins had the highest frequencies and bottlenose dolphins were nested in between these two species. Frequency differences were significant. Temporal parameters were not well suited for classification. Feature differences were enhanced by reducing variability within a set of single clicks by calculating mean spectra for groups of clicks. Median peak frequencies of averaged clicks (group size 50) of melon-headed whales ranged between 24.4 and 29.7 kHz, of bottlenose dolphins between 26.7 and 36.7 kHz, and of spinner dolphins between 33.8 and 36.0 kHz. Discriminant function analysis showed the ability to correctly discriminate between 93% of melon-headed whales, 75% of spinner dolphins and 54% of bottlenose dolphins.

The effects of preceding lead-alone and lag-alone click trains on the buildup of echo suppression.

PubMed

Bishop, Christopher W; Yadav, Deepak; London, Sam; Miller, Lee M

2014-08-01

Spatial perception in echoic environments is influenced by recent acoustic history. For instance, echo suppression becomes more effective or "builds up" with repeated exposure to echoes having a consistent acoustic relationship to a temporally leading sound. Four experiments were conducted to investigate how buildup is affected by prior exposure to unpaired lead-alone or lag-alone click trains. Unpaired trains preceded lead-lag click trains designed to evoke and assay buildup. Listeners reported how many sounds they heard from the echo hemifield during the lead-lag trains. Stimuli were presented in free field (experiments 1 and 4) or dichotically through earphones (experiments 2 and 3). In experiment 1, listeners reported more echoes following a lead-alone train compared to a period of silence. In contrast, listeners reported fewer echoes following a lag-alone train; similar results were observed with earphones. Interestingly, the effects of lag-alone click trains on buildup were qualitatively different when compared to a no-conditioner trial type in experiment 4. Finally, experiment 3 demonstrated that the effects of preceding click trains on buildup cannot be explained by a change in counting strategy or perceived click salience. Together, these findings demonstrate that echo suppression is affected by prior exposure to unpaired stimuli.

Luciferase from Fulgeochlizus bruchi (Coleoptera:Elateridae), a Brazilian click-beetle with a single abdominal lantern: molecular evolution, biological function and comparison with other click-beetle luciferases.

PubMed

Amaral, Danilo T; Prado, Rogilene A; Viviani, Vadim R

2012-07-01

Bioluminescent click-beetles emit a wide range of bioluminescence colors (λ(Max) = 534-594 nm) from thoracic and abdominal lanterns, which are used for courtship. Only the luciferases from Pyrophorus and Pyrearinus species were cloned and sequenced. The Brazilian Fulgeochlizus bruchi click-beetle, which inhabits the Central-west Cerrado (Savannas), is noteworthy because, differently from other click-beetles, the adult stage displays only a functional abdominal lantern, which produces a bright green bioluminescence for sexual attraction purposes, and lacks functional thoracic lanterns. We cloned the cDNA for the abdominal lantern luciferase of this species. Notably, the primary sequence of this luciferase showed slightly higher identity with the green emitting dorsal lantern luciferases of the Pyrophorus genus instead of the abdominal lanterns luciferases. This luciferase displays a blue-shifted spectrum (λ(Max) = 540 nm), which is pH-insensitive from pH 7.5 to 9.5 and undergoes a slight red shift and broadening above this pH; the lowest K(M) for luciferin among studied click-beetle luciferases, and the highest optimum pH (9.0) ever reported for a beetle luciferase. At pH 9.0, the K(M) for luciferin increases, showing a decrease of affinity for this substrate, despite the higher activity. The slow luminescence decay rate of F. bruchi luciferase in vitro reaction could be an adaptation of this luciferase for the long and sustained in vivo luminescence display of the click-beetle during the courtship, and could be useful for in vivo intracellular imaging.

Auditory Brainstem Responses for Click and CE-chirp Stimuli in Individuals with and without Occupational Noise Exposure

PubMed Central

Pushpalatha, Zeena Venkatacheluvaiah; Konadath, Sreeraj

2016-01-01

Introduction: Encoding of CE-chirp and click stimuli in auditory system was studied using auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) among individuals with and without noise exposure. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of two groups. Group 1 (experimental group) consisted of 20 (40 ears) individuals exposed to occupational noise with hearing thresholds within 25 dB HL. They were further divided into three subgroups based on duration of noise exposure (0–5 years of exposure-T1, 5–10 years of exposure-T2, and >10 years of exposure-T3). Group 2 (control group) consisted of 20 individuals (40 ears). Absolute latency and amplitude of waves I, III, and V were compared between the two groups for both click and CE-chirp stimuli. T1, T2, and T3 groups were compared for the same parameters to see the effect of noise exposure duration on CE-chirp and click ABR. Result: In Click ABR, while both the parameters for wave III were significantly poorer for the experimental group, wave V showed a significant decline in terms of amplitude only. There was no significant difference obtained for any of the parameters for wave I. In CE-Chirp ABR, the latencies for all three waves were significantly prolonged in the experimental group. However, there was a significant decrease in terms of amplitude in only wave V for the same group. Discussion: Compared to click evoked ABR, CE-Chirp ABR was found to be more sensitive in comparison of latency parameters in individuals with occupational noise exposure. Monitoring of early pathological changes at the brainstem level can be studied effectively by using CE-Chirp stimulus in comparison to click stimulus. Conclusion: This study indicates that ABR's obtained with CE-chirp stimuli serves as an effective tool to identify the early pathological changes due to occupational noise exposure when compared to click evoked ABR. PMID:27762255

Binaural interaction in the auditory brainstem response: a normative study.

PubMed

Van Yper, Lindsey N; Vermeire, Katrien; De Vel, Eddy F J; Battmer, Rolf-Dieter; Dhooge, Ingeborg J M

2015-04-01

Binaural interaction can be investigated using auditory evoked potentials. A binaural interaction component can be derived from the auditory brainstem response (ABR-BIC) and is considered evidence for binaural interaction at the level of the brainstem. Although click ABR-BIC has been investigated thoroughly, data on 500 Hz tone-burst (TB) ABR-BICs are scarce. In this study, characteristics of click and 500 Hz TB ABR-BICs are described. Furthermore, reliability of both click and 500 Hz TB ABR-BIC are investigated. Eighteen normal hearing young adults (eight women, ten men) were included. ABRs were recorded in response to clicks and 500 Hz TBs. ABR-BICs were derived by subtracting the binaural response from the sum of the monaural responses measured in opposite ears. Good inter-rater reliability is obtained for both click and 500 Hz TB ABR-BICs. The most reliable peak in click ABR-BIC occurs at a mean latency of 6.06 ms (SD 0.354 ms). Reliable 500 Hz TB ABR-BIC are obtained with a mean latency of 9.47 ms (SD 0.678 ms). Amplitudes are larger for 500 Hz TB ABR-BIC than for clicks. The most reliable peak in click ABR-BIC occurs at the downslope of wave V. Five hundred Hertz TB ABR-BIC is characterized by a broad positivity occurring at the level of wave V. The ABR-BIC is a useful technique to investigate binaural interaction in certain populations. Examples are bilateral hearing aid users, bilateral cochlear implant users and bimodal listeners. The latter refers to the combination of unilateral cochlear implantation and contralateral residual hearing. The majority of these patients have residual hearing in the low frequencies. The current study suggests that 500 Hz TB ABR-BIC may be a suitable technique to assess binaural interaction in this specific population of cochlear implant users. Copyright © 2014 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

LabVIEW Task Manager v. 1.10.0

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vargo, Timothy D.

LabVIEW Task Manager is a debugging tool for use during code development in the National Instruments (NI) LabVIEW® IDE. While providing a dynamic & big-picture view of running code, an expandable/collapsible tree diagram displays detailed information (both static and dynamic) on all VIs in memory, belonging to a selected project/target. It allows for interacting with single or multiple selected VIs at a time, providing significant benefits while troubleshooting, and has the following features: Look & Feel similar to Windows® Task Manager; Selection of project/target; Lists all VIs in memory, grouped by class/library; Searches for and enumerates clones in memory; DropInmore » VI for including dynamically referenced clones (Clone Beacon); 'Refresh Now' (F5) re-reads all VIs in memory and adds new ones to the tree; Displays VI name, owning class/library, state, path, data size & code size; Displays VI FP Behavior, Reentrant?, Reentrancy Type, Paused? & Highlight?; Sort by any column, including by library name; Filter by item types vi, ctl, and vit/ctt; Filter out vi.lib and global VIs; Tracking of, and ability to toggle, execution highlighting on multiple selected VIs; Tracking of paused VIs with ability to Pause/Resume/TogglePause multiple selected VIs; DropIn VI for pausing on a condition; If a clone initiates a pause, a different pause symbol is used for all clones of that same reentrant original VI; Select multiple VIs and open or close their FPs or BDs; Double Click a VI from the tree to bring the BD (first choice) or FP to front, if already open; and Select multiple top-level VIs and Abort them.« less

77 FR 21785 - Medical Countermeasures Initiative Regulatory Science Symposium

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-11

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2012-N-0001] Medical Countermeasures Initiative Regulatory Science Symposium AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS...: Medical Countermeasures Initiative Regulatory Science Symposium. The symposium is intended to provide a...

Clicks versus Citations: Click Count as a Metric in High Energy Physics Publishing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bitton, Ayelet; /UC, San Diego /SLAC

2011-06-22

High-energy physicists worldwide rely on online resources such as SPIRES and arXiv to perform gather research and share their own publications. SPIRES is a tool designed to search the literature within high-energy physics, while arXiv provides the actual full-text documents of this literature. In high-energy physics, papers are often ranked according to the number of citations they acquire - meaning the number of times a later paper references the original. This paper investigates the correlation between the number of times a paper is clicked in order to be downloaded and the number of citations it receives following the click. Itmore » explores how physicists truly read what they cite.« less

32nd Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Walker, S. W. (Compiler); Boesiger, Edward A. (Compiler)

1998-01-01

The proceedings of the 32nd Aerospace Mechanism Symposium are reported. NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) hosted the symposium that was held at the Hilton Oceanfront Hotel in Cocoa Beach, Florida on May 13-15, 1998. The symposium was cosponsored by Lockheed Martin Missiles and Space and the Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium Committee. During these days, 28 papers were presented. Topics included robotics, deployment mechanisms, bearing, actuators, scanners, boom and antenna release, and test equipment.

Effects of side group functionality and molecular weight on the activity of synthetic antimicrobial polypeptides.

PubMed

Engler, Amanda C; Shukla, Anita; Puranam, Sravanthi; Buss, Hilda G; Jreige, Nina; Hammond, Paula T

2011-05-09

The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria along with increasing difficulty in biofilm treatment has caused an immediate need for the development of new classes of antimicrobial therapeutics. We have developed a library of antimicrobial polypeptides, prepared by the ring-opening polymerization of γ-propargyl-L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride and the alkyne-azide cycloaddition click reaction, which mimic the favorable characteristics of naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (AmPs). AmPs are known not to cause drug resistance as well as prevent bacteria attachment on surfaces. The ease and scale of synthesis of the antimicrobial polypeptides developed here are significantly improved over the traditional Merrifield synthetic peptide approaches needed for naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides and avoids the unique challenges of biosynthetic pathways. The polypeptides range in length from 30 to 140 repeat units and can have varied side group functionality, including primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary amines with hydrocarbon side chains ranging from 1 to 12 carbons long. Overall, we find these polypeptides to exhibit broad-spectrum activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, namely, S. aureus and E. coli , while having very low hemolytic activity. Many of the polypeptides can also be used as surface coatings to prevent bacterial attachment. The polypeptide library developed in this work addresses the need for effective biocompatible therapeutics for drug delivery and medical device coatings.

Novel Triazole-Quinoline Derivatives as Selective Dual Binding Site Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors.

PubMed

Mantoani, Susimaire P; Chierrito, Talita P C; Vilela, Adriana F L; Cardoso, Carmen L; Martínez, Ana; Carvalho, Ivone

2016-02-05

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Currently, the only strategy for palliative treatment of AD is to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in order to increase the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. Evidence indicates that AChE also interacts with the β-amyloid (Aβ) protein, acting as a chaperone and increasing the number and neurotoxicity of Aβ fibrils. It is known that AChE has two binding sites: the peripheral site, responsible for the interactions with Aβ, and the catalytic site, related with acetylcholine hydrolysis. In this work, we reported the synthesis and biological evaluation of a library of new tacrine-donepezil hybrids, as a potential dual binding site AChE inhibitor, containing a triazole-quinoline system. The synthesis of hybrids was performed in four steps using the click chemistry strategy. These compounds were evaluated as hAChE and hBChE inhibitors, and some derivatives showed IC50 values in the micro-molar range and were remarkably selective towards hAChE. Kinetic assays and molecular modeling studies confirm that these compounds block both catalytic and peripheral AChE sites. These results are quite interesting since the triazole-quinoline system is a new structural scaffold for AChE inhibitors. Furthermore, the synthetic approach is very efficient for the preparation of target compounds, allowing a further fruitful new chemical library optimization.

Symposium Promotes Technological Literacy through STEM

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Havice, Bill; Marshall, Jerry

2009-01-01

This article describes a symposium which promotes technological literacy through science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The three-day symposium titled, "The Anderson, Oconee, Pickens Symposium on Teaching and Learning STEM Standards for the 21st Century," was held August 4-6, 2008 at the Tri-County Technical College…

'It just has to click': Internists' views of: what constitutes productive interactions with chronically ill patients.

PubMed

Kromme, N M H; Ahaus, C T B; Gans, R O B; van de Wiel, H B M

2016-05-27

According to the Chronic Care Model, productive interactions are crucial to patient outcomes. Despite productive interactions being at the heart of the Model, however, it is unclear what constitutes such an interaction. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of physician views of productive interactions with the chronically ill. We conducted a qualitative study and interviewed 20 internists working in an academic hospital. The data were analyzed using a constructivist approach of grounded theory. To categorize the data, a coding process within which a code list was developed and tested with two other coders was conducted. The participants engaged in goal-directed reasoning when reflecting on productive interactions. This resulted in the identification of four goal orientations: (a) health outcome; (b) satisfaction; (c) medical process; and (d) collaboration. Collaboration appeared to be conditional for reaching medical process goals and ultimately health outcome and satisfaction goals. Achieving rapport with the patient ('clicking,' in the term of the participants) was found to be a key condition that catalyzed collaboration goals. Clicking appeared to be seen as a somewhat unpredictable phenomenon that might or might not emerge, which one had to accept and work with. Goal orientations were found to be related to the specific medical context (i.e., a participant's subspecialty and the nature of a patient's complaint). The participants viewed a productive interaction as essentially goal-directed, catalyzed by the two parties clicking, and dependent on the nature of a patient's complaint. Using the findings, we developed a conceptual process model with the four goal orientations as wheels and with clicking in the center as a flywheel. Because clicking was viewed as important, but somewhat unpredictable, teaching physicians how to click, while taking account of the medical context, may warrant greater attention.

Contralateral Inhibition of Click- and Chirp-Evoked Human Compound Action Potentials

PubMed Central

Smith, Spencer B.; Lichtenhan, Jeffery T.; Cone, Barbara K.

2017-01-01

Cochlear outer hair cells (OHC) receive direct efferent feedback from the caudal auditory brainstem via the medial olivocochlear (MOC) bundle. This circuit provides the neural substrate for the MOC reflex, which inhibits cochlear amplifier gain and is believed to play a role in listening in noise and protection from acoustic overexposure. The human MOC reflex has been studied extensively using otoacoustic emissions (OAE) paradigms; however, these measurements are insensitive to subsequent “downstream” efferent effects on the neural ensembles that mediate hearing. In this experiment, click- and chirp-evoked auditory nerve compound action potential (CAP) amplitudes were measured electrocochleographically from the human eardrum without and with MOC reflex activation elicited by contralateral broadband noise. We hypothesized that the chirp would be a more optimal stimulus for measuring neural MOC effects because it synchronizes excitation along the entire length of the basilar membrane and thus evokes a more robust CAP than a click at low to moderate stimulus levels. Chirps produced larger CAPs than clicks at all stimulus intensities (50–80 dB ppeSPL). MOC reflex inhibition of CAPs was larger for chirps than clicks at low stimulus levels when quantified both in terms of amplitude reduction and effective attenuation. Effective attenuation was larger for chirp- and click-evoked CAPs than for click-evoked OAEs measured from the same subjects. Our results suggest that the chirp is an optimal stimulus for evoking CAPs at low stimulus intensities and for assessing MOC reflex effects on the auditory nerve. Further, our work supports previous findings that MOC reflex effects at the level of the auditory nerve are underestimated by measures of OAE inhibition. PMID:28420960

Isosteric Substitution of 4H-1,2,4-Triazole by 1H-1,2,3-Triazole in Isophthalic Derivative Enabled Hydrogel Formation for Controlled Drug Delivery.

PubMed

Häring, Marleen; Rodríguez-López, Julio; Grijalvo, Santiago; Tautz, Markus; Eritja, Ramón; Martín, Víctor S; Díaz Díaz, David

2018-02-20

In this work, we demonstrated that the simple substitution of the 1,2,4-triazole moiety in 5-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)isophthalic acid (5-TIA) by the 1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl unit enables the preparation of a hydrogelator (click-TIA). In sharp contrast to 5-TIA, its isostere click-TIA undergoes self-assembly in water upon sonication, leading to the formation of stable supramolecular viscoelastic hydrogels with a critical gelation concentration of 6 g/L. Hydrogels made of click-TIA as well as hybrid hydrogels made of the mixture click-TIA + 5-TIA (molar ratio 1:0.2) were used to compare different properties of the materials (i.e., rheological properties, thermal properties, mechanical stability, morphology). In terms of toxicity, neither click-TIA nor 5-TIA showed cytotoxic effects on cellular viability of HeLa cells up to 2.3 × 10 -3 g/L when compared to untreated cells incubated with DMSO. Furthermore, the hydrogels were used for the encapsulation and in vitro controlled release of oxytetracycline that followed first-order kinetics. For the hydrogel made of click-TIA, a maximum drug release of ∼60% was reached after ∼8 h within a pH range between 6.5 and 10. However, the release rate was reduced to approximately half of its value at pH values between 1.2 and 5.0, whereas the use of hybrid hydrogels made of click-TIA + 5-TIA allowed to reduce the original rate at pH ≤ 6.5.

The auditory P50 component to onset and offset of sound

PubMed Central

Pratt, Hillel; Starr, Arnold; Michalewski, Henry J.; Bleich, Naomi; Mittelman, Nomi

2008-01-01

Objective: The auditory Event-Related Potentials (ERP) component P50 to sound onset and offset have been reported to be similar, but their magnetic homologue has been reported absent to sound offset. We compared the spatio-temporal distribution of cortical activity during P50 to sound onset and offset, without confounds of spectral change. Methods: ERPs were recorded in response to onsets and offsets of silent intervals of 0.5 s (gaps) appearing randomly in otherwise continuous white noise and compared to ERPs to randomly distributed click pairs with half second separation presented in silence. Subjects were awake and distracted from the stimuli by reading a complicated text. Measures of P50 included peak latency and amplitude, as well as source current density estimates to the clicks and sound onsets and offsets. Results P50 occurred in response to noise onsets and to clicks, while to noise offset it was absent. Latency of P50 was similar to noise onset (56 msec) and to clicks (53 msec). Sources of P50 to noise onsets and clicks included bilateral superior parietal areas. In contrast, noise offsets activated left inferior temporal and occipital areas at the time of P50. Source current density was significantly higher to noise onset than offset in the vicinity of the temporo-parietal junction. Conclusions: P50 to sound offset is absent compared to the distinct P50 to sound onset and to clicks, at different intracranial sources. P50 to stimulus onset and to clicks appears to reflect preattentive arousal by a new sound in the scene. Sound offset does not involve a new sound and hence the absent P50. Significance: Stimulus onset activates distinct early cortical processes that are absent to offset. PMID:18055255

Fast degradable citrate-based bone scaffold promotes spinal fusion.

PubMed

Tang, Jiajun; Guo, Jinshan; Li, Zhen; Yang, Cheng; Xie, Denghui; Chen, Jian; Li, Shengfa; Li, Shaolin; Kim, Gloria B; Bai, Xiaochun; Zhang, Zhongmin; Yang, Jian

2015-07-21

It is well known that high rates of fusion failure and pseudoarthrosis development (5~35%) are concomitant in spinal fusion surgery, which was ascribed to the shortage of suitable materials for bone regeneration. Citrate was recently recognized to play an indispensable role in enhancing osteconductivity and osteoinductivity, and promoting bone formation. To address the material challenges in spinal fusion surgery, we have synthesized mechanically robust and fast degrading citrate-based polymers by incorporating N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) into clickable poly(1, 8-octanediol citrates) (POC-click), referred to as POC-M-click. The obtained POC-M-click were fabricated into POC-M-click-HA matchstick scaffolds by compositing with hydroxyapatite (HA) for interbody spinal fusion in a rabbit model. Spinal fusion was analyzed by radiography, manual palpation, biomechanical testing, and histological evaluation. At 4 and 8 weeks post surgery, POC-M-click-HA scaffolds presented optimal degradation rates that facilitated faster new bone formation and higher spinal fusion rates (11.2±3.7, 80±4.5 at week 4 and 8, respectively) than the poly(L-lactic acid)-HA (PLLA-HA) control group (9.3±2.4 and 71.1±4.4) (p<0.05). The POC-M-click-HA scaffold-fused vertebrates possessed a maximum load and stiffness of 880.8±14.5 N and 843.2±22.4 N/mm, respectively, which were also much higher than those of the PLLA-HA group (maximum: 712.0±37.5 N, stiffness: 622.5±28.4 N/mm, p<0.05). Overall, the results suggest that POC-M-click-HA scaffolds could potentially serve as promising bone grafts for spinal fusion applications.

Fast degradable citrate-based bone scaffold promotes spinal fusion

PubMed Central

Tang, Jiajun; Guo, Jinshan; Li, Zhen; Yang, Cheng; Xie, Denghui; Chen, Jian; Li, Shengfa; Li, Shaolin; Kim, Gloria B.; Bai, Xiaochun; Zhang, Zhongmin; Yang, Jian

2015-01-01

It is well known that high rates of fusion failure and pseudoarthrosis development (5~35%) are concomitant in spinal fusion surgery, which was ascribed to the shortage of suitable materials for bone regeneration. Citrate was recently recognized to play an indispensable role in enhancing osteconductivity and osteoinductivity, and promoting bone formation. To address the material challenges in spinal fusion surgery, we have synthesized mechanically robust and fast degrading citrate-based polymers by incorporating N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) into clickable poly(1, 8-octanediol citrates) (POC-click), referred to as POC-M-click. The obtained POC-M-click were fabricated into POC-M-click-HA matchstick scaffolds by compositing with hydroxyapatite (HA) for interbody spinal fusion in a rabbit model. Spinal fusion was analyzed by radiography, manual palpation, biomechanical testing, and histological evaluation. At 4 and 8 weeks post surgery, POC-M-click-HA scaffolds presented optimal degradation rates that facilitated faster new bone formation and higher spinal fusion rates (11.2±3.7, 80±4.5 at week 4 and 8, respectively) than the poly(L-lactic acid)-HA (PLLA-HA) control group (9.3±2.4 and 71.1±4.4) (p<0.05). The POC-M-click-HA scaffold-fused vertebrates possessed a maximum load and stiffness of 880.8±14.5 N and 843.2±22.4 N/mm, respectively, which were also much higher than those of the PLLA-HA group (maximum: 712.0±37.5 N, stiffness: 622.5±28.4 N/mm, p<0.05). Overall, the results suggest that POC-M-click-HA scaffolds could potentially serve as promising bone grafts for spinal fusion applications. PMID:26213625

Modeling of the dolphin's clicking sound source: The influence of the critical parameters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dubrovsky, N. A.; Gladilin, A.; Møhl, B.; Wahlberg, M.

2004-07-01

A physical and a mathematical models of the dolphin’s source of echolocation clicks have been recently proposed. The physical model includes a bottle of pressurized air connected to the atmosphere with an underwater rubber tube. A compressing rubber ring is placed on the underwater portion of the tube. The ring blocks the air jet passing through the tube from the bottle. This ring can be brought into self-oscillation by the air jet. In the simplest case, the ring displacement follows a repeated triangular waveform. Because the acoustic pressure gradient is proportional to the second time derivative of the displacement, clicks arise at the bends of the displacement waveform. The mathematical model describes the dipole oscillations of a sphere “frozen” in the ring and calculates the waveform and the sound pressure of the generated clicks. The critical parameters of the mathematical model are the radius of the sphere and the peak value and duration of the triangular displacement curve. This model allows one to solve both the forward (deriving the properties of acoustic clicks from the known source parameters) and the inverse (calculating the source parameters from the acoustic data) problems. Data from click records of Odontocetes were used to derive both the displacement waveforms and the size of the “frozen sphere” or a structure functionally similar to it. The mathematical model predicts a maximum source level of up to 235 dB re 1 μPa at 1-m range when using a 5-cm radius of the “frozen” sphere and a 4-mm maximal displacement. The predicted sound pressure level is similar to that of the clicks produced by Odontocetest.

SureClick® (Darbepoetin alfa) can improve perceived satisfaction and competence for anemia treatment and increase self-administration in non-dialyzed patients with chronic kidney disease.

PubMed

Bonafont, Xavier; Romero, Ramón; Martínez, Isabel; del Pino, María D; Gil, José M; Aranda, Pedro; Roca, Ramón; Claverol, Joana; Cucala, Mercedes

2013-01-01

SureClick® is a prefilled pen for administration of darbepoetin alfa (DA) that is ready-to-use. We explored patient satisfaction with SureClick® compared with prefilled syringes (PFS). Multicenter, prospective, 6-months, observational study in non-dialyzed patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) treated with DA in PFS who switched to SureClick® at baseline. Main outcomes were: change in Anemia Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ATSQ-S), Perceived Competence for Anemia Scale (PCAS) and self-administration rate. We enrolled 132 patients with a mean(SD) age of 71.3 (14.6) years, 57.6% women. Mean(SD) ATSQ-S scores at baseline and final records were 25.5 (7.9) and 31.6 (4.9) (on a scale from 0 to 36 maximum satisfaction-, mean change: 6.2, 95%CI: 4.6-7.8, p<0.0001). The PCAS also increased significantly (4.3 (2.0) vs 5.6 (1.6), on a scale from 1 to 7 maximum competence, p<0.0001). At baseline 47.7% of patients self-administered DA with PFS, vs 74.2% with SureClick® (p<0.001). No significant changes in hemoglobin were observed (11.4 (0.5) vs 11.6 (1.3) g/dl, p=0.193). Two patients (1.5%) had adverse reactions to SureClick® (pain on application). Our results suggest that the change from PFS to SureClick® could increase patient satisfaction and perceived competence in anemia management in non-dialyzed CKD patients, and could increase the self-administration rate, thereby reducing use of health resources.

Conventional and cross-correlation brain-stem auditory evoked responses in the white leghorn chick: rate manipulations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burkard, R.; Jones, S.; Jones, T.

1994-01-01

Rate-dependent changes in the chick brain-stem auditory evoked response (BAER) using conventional averaging and a cross-correlation technique were investigated. Five 15- to 19-day-old white leghorn chicks were anesthetized with Chloropent. In each chick, the left ear was acoustically stimulated. Electrical pulses of 0.1-ms duration were shaped, attenuated, and passed through a current driver to an Etymotic ER-2 which was sealed in the ear canal. Electrical activity from stainless-steel electrodes was amplified, filtered (300-3000 Hz) and digitized at 20 kHz. Click levels included 70 and 90 dB peSPL. In each animal, conventional BAERs were obtained at rates ranging from 5 to 90 Hz. BAERs were also obtained using a cross-correlation technique involving pseudorandom pulse sequences called maximum length sequences (MLSs). The minimum time between pulses, called the minimum pulse interval (MPI), ranged from 0.5 to 6 ms. Two BAERs were obtained for each condition. Dependent variables included the latency and amplitude of the cochlear microphonic (CM), wave 2 and wave 3. BAERs were observed in all chicks, for all level by rate combinations for both conventional and MLS BAERs. There was no effect of click level or rate on the latency of the CM. The latency of waves 2 and 3 increased with decreasing click level and increasing rate. CM amplitude decreased with decreasing click level, but was not influenced by click rate for the 70 dB peSPL condition. For the 90 dB peSPL click, CM amplitude was uninfluenced by click rate for conventional averaging. For MLS BAERs, CM amplitude was similar to conventional averaging for longer MPIs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS).

Lanthanide complexes of azidophenacyl-DO3A as new synthons for click chemistry and the synthesis of heterometallic lanthanide arrays.

PubMed

Tropiano, Manuel; Kenwright, Alan M; Faulkner, Stephen

2015-04-07

Lanthanide complexes of azidophenacyl DO3A are effective substrates for click reactions with ethyne derivatives, giving rise to aryl triazole appended lanthanide complexes, in which the aryl triazole acts as an effective sensitising chromophore for lanthanide luminescence. They also undergo click chemistry with propargylDO3A derivatives, giving rise to heterometallic complexes. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Effect of Broadband Nature of Marine Mammal Echolocation Clicks on Click-Based Population Density Estimates

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-30

sonar sound and therefore of high relevance to the US Navy, and sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) clicks, whose high source level assures long...beaked whale, and Zimmer (2011) for the sperm whale. 5 For background noise we used measurements obtained with the Delphinus towed array at the US...Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC), where both Blainville’s beaked whales and sperm whales are commonly present. Analysis of the

A Multi-Week Behavioral Sampling Tag for Sound Effects Studies: Design Trade-Offs and Prototype Evaluation

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-30

to establish the performance of algorithms detecting dives, strokes , clicks, respiration and gait changes. We have also found that a combination of...whale click count, total click count, vocal duration, SOC2 depth, EOC3 depth) Descent 40 bits (duration, vertical speed, stroke count 0...100 m, stroke count 100-400 m, OBDA4, sum sr35) Bottom 26 bits (movement index6, OBDA, jerk events7, median jerk depth) Ascent

Click hydrogels, microgels and nanogels: emerging platforms for drug delivery and tissue engineering.

PubMed

Jiang, Yanjiao; Chen, Jing; Deng, Chao; Suuronen, Erik J; Zhong, Zhiyuan

2014-06-01

Hydrogels, microgels and nanogels have emerged as versatile and viable platforms for sustained protein release, targeted drug delivery, and tissue engineering due to excellent biocompatibility, a microporous structure with tunable porosity and pore size, and dimensions spanning from human organs, cells to viruses. In the past decade, remarkable advances in hydrogels, microgels and nanogels have been achieved with click chemistry. It is a most promising strategy to prepare gels with varying dimensions owing to its high reactivity, superb selectivity, and mild reaction conditions. In particular, the recent development of copper-free click chemistry such as strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition, radical mediated thiol-ene chemistry, Diels-Alder reaction, tetrazole-alkene photo-click chemistry, and oxime reaction renders it possible to form hydrogels, microgels and nanogels without the use of potentially toxic catalysts or immunogenic enzymes that are commonly required. Notably, unlike other chemical approaches, click chemistry owing to its unique bioorthogonal feature does not interfere with encapsulated bioactives such as living cells, proteins and drugs and furthermore allows versatile preparation of micropatterned biomimetic hydrogels, functional microgels and nanogels. In this review, recent exciting developments in click hydrogels, microgels and nanogels, as well as their biomedical applications such as controlled protein and drug release, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Source Parameters of Echolocation Clicks from Captive and Free-Ranging Yangtze Finless Porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)

PubMed Central

Fang, Liang; Wang, Ding; Li, Yongtao; Cheng, Zhaolong; Pine, Matthew K.; Wang, Kexiong; Li, Songhai

2015-01-01

The clicks of Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) from 7 individuals in the tank of Baiji aquarium, 2 individuals in a netted pen at Shishou Tian-e-zhou Reserve and 4 free-ranging individuals at Tianxingzhou were recorded using a broadband digital recording system with four element hydrophones. The peak-to-peak apparent source level (ASL_pp) of clicks from individuals at the Baiji aquarium was 167 dB re 1 μPa with mean center frequency of 133 kHz, -3dB bandwidth of 18 kHz and -10 dB duration of 58 μs. The ASL_pp of clicks from individuals at the Shishou Tian-e-zhou Reserve was 180 dB re 1 μPa with mean center frequency of 128 kHz, -3dB bandwidth of 20 kHz and -10 dB duration of 39 μs. The ASL_pp of clicks from individuals at Tianxingzhou was 176 dB re 1 μPa with mean center frequency of 129 kHz, -3dB bandwidth of 15 kHz and -10 dB duration of 48 μs. Differences between the source parameters of clicks among the three groups of finless porpoises suggest these animals adapt to their echolocation signals depending on their surroundings. PMID:26053758

Temporal Ventriloquism Reveals Intact Audiovisual Temporal Integration in Amblyopia.

PubMed

Richards, Michael D; Goltz, Herbert C; Wong, Agnes M F

2018-02-01

We have shown previously that amblyopia involves impaired detection of asynchrony between auditory and visual events. To distinguish whether this impairment represents a defect in temporal integration or nonintegrative multisensory processing (e.g., cross-modal matching), we used the temporal ventriloquism effect in which visual temporal order judgment (TOJ) is normally enhanced by a lagging auditory click. Participants with amblyopia (n = 9) and normally sighted controls (n = 9) performed a visual TOJ task. Pairs of clicks accompanied the two lights such that the first click preceded the first light, or second click lagged the second light by 100, 200, or 450 ms. Baseline audiovisual synchrony and visual-only conditions also were tested. Within both groups, just noticeable differences for the visual TOJ task were significantly reduced compared with baseline in the 100- and 200-ms click lag conditions. Within the amblyopia group, poorer stereo acuity and poorer visual acuity in the amblyopic eye were significantly associated with greater enhancement in visual TOJ performance in the 200-ms click lag condition. Audiovisual temporal integration is intact in amblyopia, as indicated by perceptual enhancement in the temporal ventriloquism effect. Furthermore, poorer stereo acuity and poorer visual acuity in the amblyopic eye are associated with a widened temporal binding window for the effect. These findings suggest that previously reported abnormalities in audiovisual multisensory processing may result from impaired cross-modal matching rather than a diminished capacity for temporal audiovisual integration.

Size-matched alkyne-conjugated cyanine fluorophores to identify differences in protein glycosylation.

PubMed

Burnham-Marusich, Amanda R; Plechaty, Anna M; Berninsone, Patricia M

2014-09-01

Currently, there are few methods to detect differences in posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in a specific manner from complex mixtures. Thus, we developed an approach that combines the sensitivity and specificity of click chemistry with the resolution capabilities of 2D-DIGE. In "Click-DIGE", posttranslationally modified proteins are metabolically labeled with azido-substrate analogs, then size- and charge-matched alkyne-Cy3 or alkyne-Cy5 dyes are covalently attached to the azide of the PTM by click chemistry. The fluorescently-tagged protein samples are then multiplexed for 2DE analysis. Whereas standard DIGE labels all proteins, Click-DIGE focuses the analysis of protein differences to a targeted subset of posttranslationally modified proteins within a complex sample (i.e. specific labeling and analysis of azido glycoproteins within a cell lysate). Our data indicate that (i) Click-DIGE specifically labels azido proteins, (ii) the resulting Cy-protein conjugates are spectrally distinct, and (iii) the conjugates are size- and charge-matched at the level of 2DE. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by detecting multiple differentially expressed glycoproteins between a mutant cell line defective in UDP-galactose transport and the parental cell line. We anticipate that the diversity of azido substrates already available will enable Click-DIGE to be compatible with analysis of a wide range of PTMs. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Ways to suppress click and pop for class D amplifiers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haishi, Wang; Bo, Zhang; Jiang, Sun

2012-08-01

Undesirable audio click and pop may be generated in a speaker or headphone. Compared to linear (class A/B/AB) amplifiers, class D amplifiers that comprise of an input stage and a modulation stage are more prone to producing click and pop. This article analyzes sources that generate click and pop in class D amplifiers, and corresponding ways to suppress them. For a class D amplifier with a single-ended input, click and pop is likely to be due to two factors. One is from a voltage difference (VDIF) between the voltage of an input capacitance (VCIN) and a reference voltage (VREF) of the input stage, and the other one is from the non-linear switching during the setting up of the bias and feedback voltages/currents (BFVC) of the modulation stage. In this article, a fast charging loop is introduced into the input stage to charge VCIN to roughly near VREF. Then a correction loop further charges or discharges VCIN, substantially equalizing it with VREF. Dummy switches are introduced into the modulation stage to provide switching signals for setting up BFVC, and the power switches are disabled until the BFVC are set up successfully. A two channel single-ended class D amplifier with the above features is fabricated with 0.5 μm Bi-CMOS process. Road test and fast Fourier transform analysis indicate that there is no noticeable click and pop.

Observation of the controlled assembly of preclick components in the in situ click chemistry generation of a chitinase inhibitor

PubMed Central

Hirose, Tomoyasu; Maita, Nobuo; Gouda, Hiroaki; Koseki, Jun; Yamamoto, Tsuyoshi; Sugawara, Akihiro; Nakano, Hirofumi; Hirono, Shuichi; Shiomi, Kazuro; Watanabe, Takeshi; Taniguchi, Hisaaki; Sharpless, K. Barry; Ōmura, Satoshi; Sunazuka, Toshiaki

2013-01-01

The Huisgen cycloaddition of azides and alkynes, accelerated by target biomolecules, termed “in situ click chemistry,” has been successfully exploited to discover highly potent enzyme inhibitors. We have previously reported a specific Serratia marcescens chitinase B (SmChiB)-templated syn-triazole inhibitor generated in situ from an azide-bearing inhibitor and an alkyne fragment. Several in situ click chemistry studies have been reported. Although some mechanistic evidence has been obtained, such as X-ray analysis of [protein]–[“click ligand”] complexes, indicating that proteins act as both mold and template between unique pairs of azide and alkyne fragments, to date, observations have been based solely on “postclick” structural information. Here, we describe crystal structures of SmChiB complexed with an azide ligand and an O-allyl oxime fragment as a mimic of a click partner, revealing a mechanism for accelerating syn-triazole formation, which allows generation of its own distinct inhibitor. We have also performed density functional theory calculations based on the X-ray structure to explore the acceleration of the Huisgen cycloaddition by SmChiB. The density functional theory calculations reasonably support that SmChiB plays a role by the cage effect during the pretranslation and posttranslation states of selective syn-triazole click formation. PMID:24043811

Description and clustering of echolocation signals of Commerson's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) in Bahía San Julián, Argentina.

PubMed

Reyes Reyes, M Vanesa; Iñíguez, Miguel A; Hevia, Marta; Hildebrand, John A; Melcón, Mariana L

2015-10-01

Commerson's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) inhabit coastal waters of Southern South America and Kerguelen Islands. Limited information exists about the acoustic repertoire of this species in the wild. Here, echolocation signals from free-ranging Commerson's dolphins were recorded in Bahía San Julián, Argentina. Signal parameters were calculated and a cluster analysis was made on 3180 regular clicks. Three clusters were obtained based on peak frequency (129, 137, and 173 kHz) and 3 dB bandwidth (8, 6, and 5 kHz). The 428 buzz clicks were analyzed separately. They consisted of clicks emitted with a median inter-click interval of 3.5 ms, peak frequency at 131 kHz, 3 dB bandwidth of 9 kHz, 10 dB bandwidth of 18 kHz, and duration of 56 μs. Buzz clicks were significantly shorter and with a lower peak frequency and a broader bandwidth than most of the regular clicks. This study provided the first description of different echolocation signals, including on- and off-axis signals, recorded from Commerson's dolphins in the wild, most likely as a result of animals at several distances and orientations to the recording device. This information could be useful while doing passive acoustic monitoring.

Proceedings of the third ISHS international symposium of plant genetic resources volume 1

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The Third International ISHS Symposium on plant genetic resources occurred as Symposium 12 of the International Horticulture Congress in Lisbon, in August 2010. This symposium lasted4 days and emphasized new tools in plant genetic resource management. Six speakers gave invited presentations, and 30 ...

Proceedings of the third ISHS international symposium on plant genetic resources volume 2

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The Third International ISHS Symposium on plant genetic resources occurred as Symposium 12 of the International Horticulture Congress in Lisbon, in August 2010. This symposium lasted4 days and emphasized new tools in plant genetic resource management. Six speakers gave invited presentations, and 30 ...

Chronological changes in the eighth cranial nerve compound action potential (CAP) in experimental endolymphatic hydrops: the effects of altering the polarity of click sounds.

PubMed

Morizono, Tetsuo; Kondo, Tsuyoshi; Yamano, Takafumi; Miyagi, Morimichi; Shiraishi, Kimio

2009-02-01

Using a guinea pig model of experimental endolymphatic hydrops, click sounds of altered polarity showed different latencies and amplitudes in hydropic compared with normal cochleae. Latency changes appeared as early as 1 week after endolymphatic obstruction. This method can help diagnose endolymphatic hydrops. The goal of the study was to develop an objective electrophysiological diagnosis of endolymphatic hydrops. Endolymphatic hydrops were created surgically in guinea pigs. The latency and the amplitude of the eighth cranial nerve compound action potential (CAP) for click sounds of altered polarity were measured up to 8 weeks after the surgery. At early stages after surgery, the latency for condensation clicks became longer, and at later stages the latencies for both condensation and rarefaction became longer. The discrepancy in the latencies for rarefaction and condensation click sounds (rarefaction minus condensation) became larger by the first week after surgery, but no further discrepancy occurred thereafter. Compared with latency changes, amplitude changes in the CAP were rapid and progressive following surgery, suggesting ongoing damage to hair cells.

Mixed-methods analytic approach for determining potential impacts of vessel noise on sperm whale click behavior.

PubMed

Azzara, Alyson J; von Zharen, Wyndylyn M; Newcomb, Joal J

2013-12-01

The Gulf of Mexico is a center of marine activities from seismic exploration to shipping, drilling, platform installation, lightering, and construction, among others. This analysis explored whether sperm whales respond to the passage of vessels using changes in total number of clicks during vessel passages as a proxy for potential variation in behavior. The data for this analysis were collected in 2001 as part of a larger Littoral Acoustic Demonstration Center project using the Environmental Acoustics Recording System buoys. These buoys were bottom moored, autonomous, and self-recording systems consisting of an omni-directional hydrophone and instrument package. Data from 36 days of continuous acoustic monitoring were recorded at a sampling rate of 11.725 kHz, and produced reliable recordings from 5 Hz to ∼5.8 kHz. Multiple preparatory steps were executed including calibration of an automatic click detector. Results indicate a significant decrease (32%) in the number of clicks detected as a ship approached an area. There were also significantly fewer clicks detected after the vessel passed than before (23%).

Circular DNA by "Bis-Click" Ligation: Template-Independent Intramolecular Circularization of Oligonucleotides with Terminal Alkynyl Groups Utilizing Bifunctional Azides.

PubMed

Yang, Haozhe; Seela, Frank

2016-01-22

A highly effective and convenient "bis-click" strategy was developed for the template-independent circularization of single-stranded oligonucleotides by employing copper(I)-assisted azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Terminal triple bonds were incorporated at both ends of linear oligonucleotides. Alkynylated 7-deaza-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-deoxyuridine residues with different side chains were used in solid-phase synthesis with phosphoramidite chemistry. The bis-click ligation of linear 9- to 36-mer oligonucleotides with 1,4-bis(azidomethyl)benzene afforded circular DNA in a simple and selective way; azido modification of the oligonucleotide was not necessary. Short ethynyl side chains were compatible with the circularization of longer oligonucleotides, whereas octadiynyl residues were used for short 9-mers. Compared with linear duplexes, circular bis-click constructs exhibit a significantly increased duplex stability over their linear counterparts. The intramolecular bis-click ligation protocol is not limited to DNA, but may also be suitable for the construction of other macrocycles, such as circular RNAs, peptides, or polysaccharides. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

CARES Foundation

MedlinePlus

... CAH) seeking both male and female adults, aged 18-80. CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFORMATION AND STUDY ... Hyperplasia” for females between the ages of 7-18 years old. CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFORMATION AND ...

Overview (this manuscript is an overview of an ASTM symposium. The authors, John Sebroski and Mark Mason, of the overview were the co-chairs of the symposium and co-editors of the manuscripts submitted for ASTM peer review and subsequent publication in the technical proceedings for the symposium)

EPA Science Inventory

The Symposium on Developing Consensus Standards for Measuring Chemical Emissions from Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation was held on April 30th and May 1, 2015. Sponsored by ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality, the symposium was held in Anaheim, CA, in conjunction with the st...

Bias in online recruitment and retention of racial and ethnic minority men who have sex with men.

PubMed

Sullivan, Patrick S; Khosropour, Christine M; Luisi, Nicole; Amsden, Matthew; Coggia, Tom; Wingood, Gina M; DiClemente, Ralph J

2011-05-13

The Internet has become an increasingly popular venue for men who have sex with men (MSM) to meet potential sex partners. Given this rapid increase in online sex-seeking among MSM, Internet-based interventions represent an important HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) prevention strategy. Unfortunately, black and Hispanic MSM, who are disproportionately impacted by the HIV epidemic in the United States, have been underrepresented in online research studies. Our objective was to examine and quantify factors associated with underrecruitment and underretention of MSM of color in an online HIV behavioral risk research study of MSM recruited from an online social networking site. Internet-using MSM were recruited through banner advertisements on MySpace.com targeted at men who reported in their MySpace profile their age as at least 18 and their sexual orientation as gay, bisexual, or unsure. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds stratified by race and ethnicity of the MySpace user clicking through the banner advertisement. To characterize survey retention, Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models identified factors associated with survey dropout. Over 30,000 MySpace users clicked on the study banner advertisements (click-through rate of 0.37%, or 30,599 clicks from 8,257,271 impressions). Black (0.36% or 6474 clicks from 1,785,088 impressions) and Hispanic (0.35% or 8873 clicks from 2,510,434 impressions) MySpace users had a lower click-through rate compared with white (0.48% or 6995 clicks from 1,464,262 impressions) MySpace users. However, black men had increased odds of click-through for advertisements displaying a black model versus a white model (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.72 - 1.95), and Hispanic participants had increased odds of click-through when shown an advertisement displaying an Asian model versus a white model (adjusted OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.62 - 1.79). Of the 9005 men who consented to participate, 6258 (69%) completed the entire survey. Among participants reporting only male sex partners, black non-Hispanic and Hispanic participants were significantly more likely to drop out of the survey relative to white non-Hispanic participants (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.6, 95% CI 1.4 - 1.8 and HR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 - 1.4, respectively). Men with a college-level of education were more likely to complete the survey than those with a high-school level of education (HR = 0.8, 95% CI 0.7 - 0.9), while men who self-identified as heterosexual were more likely to drop out of the survey compared with men who self-identified as gay (HR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.1 - 3.7). This analysis identified several factors associated with recruitment and retention of MSM in an online survey. Differential click-through rates and increased survey dropout by MSM of color indicate that methods to recruit and retain black and Hispanic MSM in Internet-based research studies are paramount. Although targeting banner advertisements to MSM of color by changing the racial/ethnic composition of the advertisements may increase click-through, decreasing attrition of these study participants once they are engaged in the survey remains a challenge.

CuAAC-Based Click Chemistry in Self-Healing Polymers.

PubMed

Döhler, Diana; Michael, Philipp; Binder, Wolfgang H

2017-10-17

Click chemistry has emerged as a significant tool for materials science, organic chemistry, and bioscience. Based on the initial concept of Barry Sharpless in 2001, the copper(I)-catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction has triggered a plethora of chemical concepts for linking molecules and building blocks under ambient conditions, forming the basis for applications in autonomous cross-linking materials. Self-healing systems on the other hand are often based on mild cross-linking chemistries that are able to react either autonomously or upon an external trigger. In the ideal case, self-healing takes place efficiently at low temperatures, independent of the substrate(s) used, by forming strong and stable networks, binding to the newly generated (cracked) interfaces to restore the original material properties. The use of the CuAAC in self-healing systems, most of all the careful design of copper-based catalysts linked to additives as well as the chemical diversity of substrates, has led to an enormous potential of applications of this singular reaction. The implementation of click-based strategies in self-healing systems therefore is highly attractive, as here chemical (and physical) concepts of molecular reactivity, molecular design, and even metal catalysis are connected to aspects of materials science. In this Account, we will show how CuAAC reactions of multivalent components can be used as a tool for self-healing materials, achieving cross-linking at low temperatures (exploiting concepts of autocatalysis or internal chelation within the bulk CuAAC and systematic optimization of the efficiency of the used Cu(I) catalysts). Encapsulation strategies to separate the click components by micro- and nanoencapsulation are required in this context. Consequently, the examples reported here describe chemical concepts to realize more efficient and faster click reactions in self-healing polymeric materials. Thus, enhanced chain diffusion in (hyper)branched polymers, autocatalysis, or internal chelation concepts enable efficient click cross-linking already at 5 °C with a simultaneously reduced amount of Cu(I) catalyst and increased reaction rates, culminating in the first reported self-healing system based on click cycloaddition reactions. Via tailor-made nanocarbon/Cu(I) catalysts we can further improve the click cross-linking reaction in view of efficiency and kinetics, leading to the generation of self-healing graphene-based epoxy nanocomposites. Additionally, we have designed special CuAAC click methods for chemical reporting and visualization systems based on the detection of ruptured capsules via a fluorogenic click reaction, which can be combined with CuAAC cross-linking reactions to obtain simultaneous stress detection and self-healing within polymeric materials. In a similar concept, we have prepared polymeric Cu(I)-biscarbene complexes to detect (mechanical) stress within self-healing polymeric materials via a triggered fluorogenic reaction, thus using a destructive force for a constructive chemical response.

Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on applied surface analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grant, J. T.

1984-04-01

The 5th Symposium on Applied Surface Analysis was held at the University of Dayton, 8-10 June 1983. This Symposium was held to meet a need, namely to show the transition between basic surface science research and applications of this research to areas of Department of Defense interest. Areas receiving special attention at this Symposium were chemical bonding and reactions at metal-semiconductors interfaces, surface analysis and the tribological processes of ion implanted materials, microbeam analysis and laser ionization of sputtered neutrals. Other topics discussed included adsorption, adhesion, corrosion, wear and thin films. Approximately 110 scientists active in the field of surface analysis participated in the Symposium. Four scientists presented invited papers at the Symposium. There were 29 contributed presentations. The proceedings of the Symposium are being published in a special issue of the journal, Applications of Surface Science, by North-Holland Publishing Company.

Online resources in pediatric surgery: the new era of medical information.

PubMed

Raigani, Siavash; Numanoglu, Alp; Schwachter, Marc; Ponsky, Todd A

2014-08-01

Tele-education has the potential to facilitate rapid sharing and dissemination of current research and knowledge among pediatric surgeons around the world. Classically, the exchange of surgical research occurred via national surgical conferences, articles published in peer-reviewed journals, and textbooks. The advent of Web 2.0 and the rapid pace of technologic advancement have allowed knowledge, education, and research to be exchanged online. Virtual symposiums act as online conferences where participants present and debate new research and surgical techniques in real-time web meetings. Resource libraries allow up-to-date information to be archived and viewed at the user's convenience, bypassing the need to wait long periods for paper publications. Tele-education allows pediatric surgeons to connect and share ideas around the world, while saving time and money. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Odontocete Studies on the Pacific Missile Range Facility in July/August 2013: Satellite-Tagging, Photo-Identification, and Passive Acoustic Monitoring

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-02

descriptive categories: ə.5 kHz click, 1.5–18 kHz clicks (representative of sperm whales [Physeter macrocephalus]), 12–48 kHz click (representative...beaked whale, sperm whale, small odontocete). In the absence of automatically generated positions, a MMAMMAL tool for manually calculating...was located, there could be days where, as an example, sperm whales were present on BSURE but were not noted. Recordings on the M3R system to improve

Web Syndication in a Multilevel Security Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-01

law/blog/03/08/131502.html</link> ... <securitylabel><label>SECRET</label></securitylabel> </item> <item> <title>Excellent Banana Bread Recipe</title...only feed available). 7. Click ‘Unsubscribe from Selected Feeds’ to delete the feed. 50 8. The page should refresh , showing your list of feeds is empty...box. 7. Click ‘Subscribe to Feed,’ to add the feed. 8. The page should refresh , showing an error message from the MLS NEWS READER. 9. Click ‘View

National Centers for Environmental Prediction

Science.gov Websites

; at the NOAA/ESRL Rapid Refresh Page [<--click here] See "Current and Forecast Graphics" ; at the NOAA/ESRL High-Resolution Rapid Refresh Page [<--click here] NOAA / National Weather

Low-frequency bias tone suppression of auditory-nerve responses to low-level clicks and tones.

PubMed

Nam, Hui; Guinan, John J

2016-11-01

We used low-frequency "bias" tones (BT's) to explore whether click and tone responses are affected in the same way by cochlear active processes. In nonlinear systems the responses to clicks are not always simply related to the responses to tones. Cochlear amplifier gain depends on the incremental slope of the outer-hair-cell (OHC) stereocilia mechano-electric transduction (MET) function. BTs transiently change the operating-point of OHC MET channels and can suppress cochlear-amplifier gain by pushing OHC METs into low-slope saturation regions. BT effects on single auditory-nerve (AN) fibers have been studied on tone responses but not on click responses. We recorded from AN fibers in anesthetized cats and compared tone and click responses using 50 Hz BTs at 70-120 dB SPL to manipulate OHC stereocilia position. BTs can also excite and thereby obscure the BT suppression. We measured AN-fiber response synchrony to BTs alone so that we could exclude suppression measurements when the BT synchrony might obscure the suppression. BT suppression of low-level tone and click responses followed the traditional pattern of twice-a-BT-cycle suppression with more suppression at one phase than the other. The major suppression phases of most fibers were tightly grouped with little difference between click and tone suppressions, which is consistent with low-level click and tone responses being amplified in the same way. The data are also consistent with the operating point of the OHC MET function varying smoothly from symmetric in the base to offset in the apex, and, in contrast, with the IHC MET function being offset throughout the cochlea. As previously reported, bias-tones presented alone excited AN fibers at one or more phases, a phenomena termed "peak splitting" with most BT excitation phases ∼¼ cycle before or after the major suppression phase. We explain peak splitting as being due to distortion in multiple fluid drives to inner-hair-cell stereocilia. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Panel 4: Report of the Microbiology Panel

PubMed Central

Barenkamp, Stephen J.; Chonmaitree, Tasnee; Hakansson, Anders P.; Heikkinen, Terho; King, Samantha; Nokso-Koivisto, Johanna; Novotny, Laura A.; Patel, Janak A.; Pettigrew, Melinda; Swords, W. Edward

2017-01-01

Objective To perform a comprehensive review of the literature from July 2011 until June 2015 on the virology and bacteriology of otitis media in children. Data Sources PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine. Review Methods Two subpanels comprising experts in the virology and bacteriology of otitis media were created. Each panel reviewed the relevant literature in the fields of virology and bacteriology and generated draft reviews. These initial reviews were distributed to all panel members prior to meeting together at the Post-symposium Research Conference of the 18th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media, National Harbor, Maryland, in June 2015. A final draft was created, circulated, and approved by all panel members. Conclusions Excellent progress has been made in the past 4 years in advancing our understanding of the microbiology of otitis media. Numerous advances were made in basic laboratory studies, in animal models of otitis media, in better understanding the epidemiology of disease, and in clinical practice. Implications for Practice (1) Many viruses cause acute otitis media without bacterial coinfection, and such cases do not require antibiotic treatment. (2) When respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, and influenza virus peak in the community, practitioners can expect to see an increase in clinical otitis media cases. (3) Biomarkers that predict which children with upper respiratory tract infections will develop otitis media may be available in the future. (4) Compounds that target newly identified bacterial virulence determinants may be available as future treatment options for children with otitis media. PMID:28372529

Panel 4: Report of the Microbiology Panel.

PubMed

Barenkamp, Stephen J; Chonmaitree, Tasnee; Hakansson, Anders P; Heikkinen, Terho; King, Samantha; Nokso-Koivisto, Johanna; Novotny, Laura A; Patel, Janak A; Pettigrew, Melinda; Swords, W Edward

2017-04-01

Objective To perform a comprehensive review of the literature from July 2011 until June 2015 on the virology and bacteriology of otitis media in children. Data Sources PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine. Review Methods Two subpanels comprising experts in the virology and bacteriology of otitis media were created. Each panel reviewed the relevant literature in the fields of virology and bacteriology and generated draft reviews. These initial reviews were distributed to all panel members prior to meeting together at the Post-symposium Research Conference of the 18th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media, National Harbor, Maryland, in June 2015. A final draft was created, circulated, and approved by all panel members. Conclusions Excellent progress has been made in the past 4 years in advancing our understanding of the microbiology of otitis media. Numerous advances were made in basic laboratory studies, in animal models of otitis media, in better understanding the epidemiology of disease, and in clinical practice. Implications for Practice (1) Many viruses cause acute otitis media without bacterial coinfection, and such cases do not require antibiotic treatment. (2) When respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, and influenza virus peak in the community, practitioners can expect to see an increase in clinical otitis media cases. (3) Biomarkers that predict which children with upper respiratory tract infections will develop otitis media may be available in the future. (4) Compounds that target newly identified bacterial virulence determinants may be available as future treatment options for children with otitis media.

Click It or Ticket Evaluation, 2011

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-05-01

The 2011 Click It or Ticket (CIOT) mobilization followed a typical selective traffic enforcement program (STEP) sequence, involving paid media, earned media, and enforcement. A nationally representative telephone survey indicated that the mobilizatio...

Children's Craniofacial Association

MedlinePlus

... Today Click Here Meet our Kids Click Here Sign up for our Newsletter Do Not Fill This Out Donate Qualified Centers Resources Syndromes Contact Us 13140 Coit Road, Suite 517 , Dallas, TX 75240 800.535.3643 | ...

Junior Science and Humanities Symposium, January 1994-July 1995. Pacific Region Program Operations Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schlenker, Richard M.

This informational packet contains the materials necessary to administer the annual Department of Defense Dependent Schools Pacific Region Junior Science and Humanities Symposium (JSHS) at the high school and middle school levels. The symposium program is a calendar year research program which includes one week symposium of students (grade 8-12)…

Proceedings of the Third Spaceborne Imaging Radar Symposium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

This publication contains summaries of the papers presented at the Third Spaceborne Imaging Radar Symposium held at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, in Pasadena, California, on 18-21 Jan. 1993. The purpose of the symposium was to present an overview of recent developments in the different scientific and technological fields related to spaceborne imaging radars and to present future international plans. This symposium is the third in a series of 'Spaceborne Imaging Radar' symposia held at JPL. The first symposium was held in Jan. 1983 and the second in 1986.

DOE Grant to organize "International Symposium on Opportunities in Underground Physics", Asilomar, CA, May 24-27, 2013

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Babu, Kaladi S.

2015-03-16

The International Symposium in Opportunities in Underground Physics (ISOUP) was held in Asilomar, CA during May 24-27, 2013. The Symposium brought together scientists from the US and abroad for an open discussion on science opportunities provided by the possibility of a new generation of large underground detectors associated with long baseline neutrino beams. The Symposium was highly successful. The main focus of the Symposium was the science goals that could be achieved by placing such a detector deep underground.

Types of Glaucoma

MedlinePlus

... Support Groups For more information about area support groups, please click here . NEWSWORTHY Advancing the Understanding for Exfoliation click for info © Copyright 2018 The Glaucoma Foundation. All Rights Reserved. | Site Map Web design by Integra Strategic Technologies

Click It or Ticket Evaluation, 2010

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-05-01

The 201 Click It or Ticket (CIOT) mobilization followed a typical elective traffic enforcement program TEP) sequence, involving paid media, earned media, and enforcement. A nationally representative telephone survey indicated that the mobilization wa...

Ocean Prediction Center

Science.gov Websites

; Forecasts (Click image for more) Ocean Model Currents Observational Data (Click image for more) Observations University Research Court College Park, Maryland 20740-3818 Phone: 301-683-1520 Fax: 301-683-1501 (SDM), 301

National Centers for Environmental Prediction

Science.gov Websites

Contacts Change Log Events Calendar Numerical Forecast Systems Link to NOAA/ESRL Rapid Refresh page [< ;--click here] Link to NOAA/ESRL High-Resolution Rapid Refresh page [<--click here] NOAA / National

Laser induced damage in optical materials: 8th ASTM symposium.

PubMed

Glass, A J; Guenther, A H

1977-05-01

The Eighth Annual Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers (Boulder Damage Symposium) was hosted by the National Bureau of Standards in Boulder, Colorado, from 13 to 15 July 1976. The Symposium was held under the auspices of ASTM Committee F-1, Subcommittee on Laser Standards, with the joint sponsorship of NBS, the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency, the Energy Research and Development Administration, and the Office of Naval Research. About 160 scientists attended the Symposium, including representatives of the United Kingdom, France, Canada, and Brazil. The Symposium was divided into five half-day sessions concerning Bulk Material Properties and Thermal Behavior, Mirrors and Surfaces, Thin Film Properties, Thin Film Damage, and Scaling Laws and Fundamental Mechanisms. As in previous years, the emphasis of the papers presented at the Symposium was directed toward new frontiers and new developments. Particular emphasis was given to new materials for use at 10.6 microm in mirror substrates, windo s, and coatings. New techniques in film deposition and advances in diamond-turning of optics were described. The scaling of damage thresholds with pulse duration, focal area, and wavelength were discussed. Alexander J. Glass of Lawrence Livermore Laboratory and Arthur H. Guenther of the Air Force Weapons Laboratory were co-chairpersons of the Symposium. The Ninth Annual Symposium is scheduled for 4-6 October 1977 at the National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colorado.

A Real-Time Systems Symposium Preprint.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-01

Real - Time Systems Symposium Preprint Interim Tech...estimate of the occurence of the error. Unclassii ledSECUqITY CLASSIF’ICA T" NO MI*IA If’ inDI /’rrd erter for~~ble. ’Corrputnqg A REAL - TIME SYSTEMS SYMPOSIUM...ABSTRACT This technical report contains a preprint of a paper accepted for presentation at the REAL - TIME SYSTEMS SYMPOSIUM, Arlington,

Proceedings of the fifth annual forest inventory and analysis symposium

Treesearch

Ronald E. McRoberts; Gregory A. Reams; Paul C. Van Deusen; William H., eds. McWilliams

2005-01-01

The Fifth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium was held in New Orleans, Louisiana, the second consecutive year at this location. Given the positive response to the 2002 symposium in New Orleans, we decided to return in 2003. Each year of this symposium series the range of presentations has increased; 2003 was no exception, with several presentations related...

Report on the 2009 ESO Fellows Symposium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Emsellem, Eric; West, Michael; Leibundgut, Bruno

2009-09-01

The fourth ESO Fellows Symposium took place in Garching from 8-10 June 2009. This year's symposium brought together 28 ESO Fellows from Chile and Germany to meet their colleagues from across the ocean, discuss their research and provide feedback on ESO's Fellowship programme. This year's symposium also included training workshops to enhance the practical skills of ESO Fellows in today's competitive job market.

First Symposium on Aviation Psychology. Proceedings of the Symposium on Aviation Psychology (Columbus, Ohio, April 21 and 22, 1981).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jensen, R. S.

This volume contains five complete manuscripts and two abstracts presented, and three papers submitted but not presented, at this symposium on aviation psychology. The objective of the symposium was to critically examine the impact of high technology on the role, responsibility, authority, and performance of human operators in modern aircraft and…

Extraction of pulse repetition intervals from sperm whale click trains for ocean acoustic data mining.

PubMed

Zaugg, Serge; van der Schaar, Mike; Houégnigan, Ludwig; André, Michel

2013-02-01

The analysis of acoustic data from the ocean is a valuable tool to study free ranging cetaceans and anthropogenic noise. Due to the typically large volume of acquired data, there is a demand for automated analysis techniques. Many cetaceans produce acoustic pulses (echolocation clicks) with a pulse repetition interval (PRI) remaining nearly constant over several pulses. Analyzing these pulse trains is challenging because they are often interleaved. This article presents an algorithm that estimates a pulse's PRI with respect to neighboring pulses. It includes a deinterleaving step that operates via a spectral dissimilarity metric. The sperm whale (SW) produces trains with PRIs between 0.5 and 2 s. As a validation, the algorithm was used for the PRI-based identification of SW click trains with data from the NEMO-ONDE observatory that contained other pulsed sounds, mainly from ship propellers. Separation of files containing SW clicks with a medium and high signal to noise ratio from files containing other pulsed sounds gave an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.96. This study demonstrates that PRI can be used for the automated identification of SW clicks and that deinterleaving via spectral dissimilarity contributes to algorithm performance.

Classification of echolocation clicks from odontocetes in the Southern California Bight.

PubMed

Roch, Marie A; Klinck, Holger; Baumann-Pickering, Simone; Mellinger, David K; Qui, Simon; Soldevilla, Melissa S; Hildebrand, John A

2011-01-01

This study presents a system for classifying echolocation clicks of six species of odontocetes in the Southern California Bight: Visually confirmed bottlenose dolphins, short- and long-beaked common dolphins, Pacific white-sided dolphins, Risso's dolphins, and presumed Cuvier's beaked whales. Echolocation clicks are represented by cepstral feature vectors that are classified by Gaussian mixture models. A randomized cross-validation experiment is designed to provide conditions similar to those found in a field-deployed system. To prevent matched conditions from inappropriately lowering the error rate, echolocation clicks associated with a single sighting are never split across the training and test data. Sightings are randomly permuted before assignment to folds in the experiment. This allows different combinations of the training and test data to be used while keeping data from each sighting entirely in the training or test set. The system achieves a mean error rate of 22% across 100 randomized three-fold cross-validation experiments. Four of the six species had mean error rates lower than the overall mean, with the presumed Cuvier's beaked whale clicks showing the best performance (<2% error rate). Long-beaked common and bottlenose dolphins proved the most difficult to classify, with mean error rates of 53% and 68%, respectively.

Discovery of novel anti-HIV agents via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry-based approach.

PubMed

Gao, Ping; Sun, Lin; Zhou, Junsu; Li, Xiao; Zhan, Peng; Liu, Xinyong

2016-09-01

In recent years, a variety of new synthetic methodologies and concepts have been proposed in the search for new pharmaceutical lead structures and optimization. Notably, the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry approach has drawn great attention and has become a powerful tool for the generation of privileged medicinal skeletons in the discovery of anti-HIV agents. This is due to the high degree of reliability, complete specificity (chemoselectivity and regioselectivity), mild conditions, and the biocompatibility of the reactants. Herein, the authors describe the progress thus far on the discovery of novel anti-HIV agents via the CuAAC click chemistry-based approach. CuAAC click chemistry is a proven protocol for synthesizing triazole products which could serve as basic pharmacophores, act as replacements of traditional scaffold or substituent modification, be a linker of dual-target or dual-site inhibitors and more for the discovery of novel anti-HIV agents. What's more, it also provides convenience and feasibility for dynamic combinatorial chemistry and in situ screening. It is envisioned that click chemistry will draw more attention and make more contributions in anti-HIV drug discovery in the future.

Testing the odontocete acoustic prey debilitation hypothesis: no stunning results.

PubMed

Benoit-Bird, Kelly J; Au, Whitlow W L; Kastelein, Ronald

2006-08-01

The hypothesis that sounds produced by odontocetes can debilitate fish was examined. The effects of simulated odontocete pulsed signals on three species of fish commonly preyed on by odontocetes were examined, exposing three individuals of each species as well as groups of four fish to a high-frequency click of a bottlenose dolphin [peak frequency (PF) 120 kHz, 213-dB peak-to-peak exposure level (EL)], a midfrequency click modeled after a killer whale's signal (PF 55 kHz, 208-dB EL), and a low-frequency click (PF 18 kHz, 193-dB EL). Fish were held in a 50-cm diameter net enclosure immediately in front of a transducer where their swimming behavior, orientation, and balance were observed with two video cameras. Clicks were presented at constant rates and in graded sweeps simulating a foraging dolphin's "terminal buzz." No measurable change in behavior was observed in any of the fish for any signal type or pulse modulation rate, despite the fact that clicks were at or near the maximum source levels recorded for odontocetes. Based on the results, the hypothesis that acoustic signals of odontocetes alone can disorient or "stun" prey cannot be supported.

Meeting Report: International Symposium on the Genetics of Aging and Life History II

PubMed Central

Lee, Seung‐Jae V.; Nam, Hong Gil

2015-01-01

The second International Symposium on the Genetics of Aging and Life History was held at the campus of Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea, from May 14 to 16, 2014. Many leading scientists in the field of aging research from all over the world contributed to the symposium by attending and presenting their recent work and thoughts. The aim of the symposium was to stimulate international collaborations and interactions among scientists who work on the biology of aging. In the symposium, the most recent and exciting work on aging research was presented, covering a wide range of topics, including the genetics of aging, age‐associated diseases, and cellular senescence. The work was conducted in various organisms, including C. elegans, mice, plants, and humans. Topics covered in the symposium stimulated discussion of novel directions for future research on aging. The meeting ended with a commitment for the third International Symposium on the Genetics of Aging and Life History, which will be held in 2016. PMID:26115541

Meeting Report: International Symposium on the Genetics of Aging and Life History II.

PubMed

Artan, Murat; Hwang, Ara B; Lee, Seung V; Nam, Hong Gil

2015-06-01

The second International Symposium on the Genetics of Aging and Life History was held at the campus of Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea, from May 14 to 16, 2014. Many leading scientists in the field of aging research from all over the world contributed to the symposium by attending and presenting their recent work and thoughts. The aim of the symposium was to stimulate international collaborations and interactions among scientists who work on the biology of aging. In the symposium, the most recent and exciting work on aging research was presented, covering a wide range of topics, including the genetics of aging, age-associated diseases, and cellular senescence. The work was conducted in various organisms, includingC. elegans, mice, plants, and humans. Topics covered in the symposium stimulated discussion of novel directions for future research on aging. The meeting ended with a commitment for the third International Symposium on the Genetics of Aging and Life History, which will be held in 2016.

Proceedings of the TOUGH Symposium 2009

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Moridis, George J.; Doughty, Christine; Finsterle, Stefan

2009-10-01

Welcome to the TOUGH Symposium 2009. Within this volume are the Symposium Program for eighty-nine papers to be presented in both oral and poster formats. The full papers are available as pdfs linked from the Symposium Program posted on the TOUGH Symposium 2009 website http://esd.lbl.gov/newsandevents/events/toughsymposium09/program.html Additional updated information including any changes to the Program will also be available at the website. The papers cover a wide range of application areas and reflect the continuing trend toward increased sophistication of the TOUGH codes. A CD containing the proceedings papers will be published immediately following the Symposium and sent to all participants.more » As in the prior Symposium, selected papers will be invited for submission to a number of journals for inclusion in Special Issues focused on applications and developments of the TOUGH codes. These journals include, Transport in Porous Media, Geothermics, Energy Conversion and Management, Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, and the Vadose Zone Journal.« less

Click It or Ticket evaluation : 2008-2009.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-06-01

Click It or Ticket (CIOT) mobilizations are intense, short-duration, widely publicized enforcement efforts used to improve seat belt use. Annual national mobilizations have been conducted in May every year since 2003. National and State expenditures ...

76 FR 60511 - Amendment of Marine Safety Manual, Volume III

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-29

...'' in the ``Keyword'' box. Click ``Search,'' and then click on the balloon shape in the ``Actions... Comments'' box, which will then become highlighted in blue. In the ``Keyword'' box, insert ``USCG- 2011...

Responsive linear-dendritic block copolymers.

PubMed

Blasco, Eva; Piñol, Milagros; Oriol, Luis

2014-06-01

The combination of dendritic and linear polymeric structures in the same macromolecule opens up new possibilities for the design of block copolymers and for applications of functional polymers that have self-assembly properties. There are three main strategies for the synthesis of linear-dendritic block copolymers (LDBCs) and, in particular, the emergence of click chemistry has made the coupling of preformed blocks one of the most efficient ways of obtaining libraries of LDBCs. In these materials, the periphery of the dendron can be precisely functionalised to obtain functional LDBCs with self-assembly properties of interest in different technological areas. The incorporation of stimuli-responsive moieties gives rise to smart materials that are generally processed as self-assemblies of amphiphilic LDBCs with a morphology that can be controlled by an external stimulus. Particular emphasis is placed on light-responsive LDBCs. Furthermore, a brief review of the biomedical or materials science applications of LDBCs is presented. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Efficacy of splint therapy for the management of temporomandibular disorders: a meta-analysis.

PubMed

Zhang, Chao; Wu, Jun-Yi; Deng, Dong-Lai; He, Bing-Yang; Tao, Yuan; Niu, Yu-Ming; Deng, Mo-Hong

2016-12-20

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of clinical problems affecting temporomandibular joint (TMJ), myofascial muscles and other related structures. Splint therapy is the most commonly used approach to treatment of TMD, but its effectiveness is remains unclear. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of splint therapy for TMD in adults. The electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for reports published up to March 31, 2016. Thirteen eligible studies involving 538 patients were identified. The results indicated that splint therapy increased maximal mouth opening (MMO) for patients with a MMO <45mm and reduced pain intensity measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS) for patients with TMD without specific description (TMDSD). Splint therapy also reduced the frequency of painful episodes for patients with TMJ clicking. No publication bias was observed, as determined with Egger's test for all outcomes. On the basis of this evidence, we recommend the use of splints for the treatment and control of TMD in adults.

Synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole based benzoxazolinones: their TNF-α based molecular docking with in-vivo anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive activities and ulcerogenic risk evaluation.

PubMed

Haider, Saqlain; Alam, M Sarwar; Hamid, Hinna; Shafi, Syed; Nargotra, Amit; Mahajan, Priya; Nazreen, Syed; Kalle, Arunasree M; Kharbanda, Chetna; Ali, Yakub; Alam, Aftab; Panda, Amulya K

2013-01-01

A library of novel bis-heterocycles containing benzoxazolinone based 1,2,3-triazoles has been synthesized using click chemistry approach. The compound 3f exhibited potent selective COX-2 inhibition of 59.48% in comparison to standard drug celecoxib (66.36% inhibition). The compound 3i showed significant (p < 0.001, 50.95%), TNF-α inhibitory activity as compared to indomethacin (p < 0.001, 64.01%). The results of the carrageenan induced hind paw oedema showed that compounds 3a, 3f, 3i, 3o, and 3e exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity in comparison to Indomethacin. The molecular docking studies revealed that 3i exhibits strong inhibitory effect due to the extra stability of the complex because of an extra π-π bond. The histopathology report showed that none of the compounds caused gastric ulceration. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Synthesis of novel 2-mercapto benzothiazole and 1,2,3-triazole based bis-heterocycles: their anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities.

PubMed

Shafi, Syed; Alam, Mohammad Mahboob; Mulakayala, Naveen; Mulakayala, Chaitanya; Vanaja, G; Kalle, Arunasree M; Pallu, Reddanna; Alam, M S

2012-03-01

A focused library of novel bis-heterocycles encompassing 2-mercapto benzothiazole and 1,2,3-triazoles were synthesized using click chemistry approach. The synthesized compounds have been tested for their anti-inflammatory activity by using biochemical cyclooxygenase (COX) activity assays and carrageenan-induced hind paw edema. Among the tested compounds, compound 4d demonstrated a potent selective COX-2 inhibition with COX-2/COX-1 ratio of 0.44. Results from carrageenan-induced hind paw edema showed that compounds 4a, 4d, 4e and 4f posses significant anti-inflammatory activity as compared to the standard drug Ibuprofen. The compounds showing significant activity were further subjected to anti-nociceptive activity by writhing test. These four compounds have shown comparable activity with the standard Ibuprofen. Further ulcerogenic studies shows that none of these compounds causing gastric ulceration. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Research, Collaboration, and Open Science Using Web 2.0

PubMed Central

Shee, Kevin; Strong, Michael; Guido, Nicholas J.; Lue, Robert A.; Church, George M.; Viel, Alain

2010-01-01

There is little doubt that the Internet has transformed the world in which we live. Information that was once archived in bricks and mortar libraries is now only a click away, and people across the globe have become connected in a manner inconceivable only 20 years ago. Although many scientists and educators have embraced the Internet as an invaluable tool for research, education and data sharing, some have been somewhat slower to take full advantage of emerging Web 2.0 technologies. Here we discuss the benefits and challenges of integrating Web 2.0 applications into undergraduate research and education programs, based on our experience utilizing these technologies in a summer undergraduate research program in synthetic biology at Harvard University. We discuss the use of applications including wiki-based documentation, digital brainstorming, and open data sharing via the Web, to facilitate the educational aspects and collaborative progress of undergraduate research projects. We hope to inspire others to integrate these technologies into their own coursework or research projects. PMID:23653712

Click and chemically triggered declick reactions through reversible amine and thiol coupling via a conjugate acceptor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Diehl, Katharine L.; Kolesnichenko, Igor V.; Robotham, Scott A.; Bachman, J. Logan; Zhong, Ye; Brodbelt, Jennifer S.; Anslyn, Eric V.

2016-10-01

The coupling and decoupling of molecular units is a fundamental undertaking of organic chemistry. Herein we report the use of a very simple conjugate acceptor, derived from Meldrum's acid, for the sequential ‘clicking’ together of an amine and a thiol in aqueous conditions at neutral pH. Subsequently, this linkage can be ‘declicked’ by a chemical trigger to release the original amine and thiol undisturbed. The reactivity differs from that of other crosslinking agents because the selectivity for sequential functionalization derives from an altering of the electrophilicity of the conjugate acceptor on the addition of the amine. We describe the use of the procedure to modify proteins, create multicomponent libraries and synthesize oligomers, all of which can be declicked to their starting components in a controlled fashion when desired. Owing to the mild reaction conditions and ease of use in a variety of applications, the method is predicted to have wide utility.

JS-MS: a cross-platform, modular javascript viewer for mass spectrometry signals.

PubMed

Rosen, Jebediah; Handy, Kyle; Gillan, André; Smith, Rob

2017-11-06

Despite the ubiquity of mass spectrometry (MS), data processing tools can be surprisingly limited. To date, there is no stand-alone, cross-platform 3-D visualizer for MS data. Available visualization toolkits require large libraries with multiple dependencies and are not well suited for custom MS data processing modules, such as MS storage systems or data processing algorithms. We present JS-MS, a 3-D, modular JavaScript client application for viewing MS data. JS-MS provides several advantages over existing MS viewers, such as a dependency-free, browser-based, one click, cross-platform install and better navigation interfaces. The client includes a modular Java backend with a novel streaming.mzML parser to demonstrate the API-based serving of MS data to the viewer. JS-MS enables custom MS data processing and evaluation by providing fast, 3-D visualization using improved navigation without dependencies. JS-MS is publicly available with a GPLv2 license at github.com/optimusmoose/jsms.

Words of Wisdom from the Literacy Symposium (Washington, D.C., May 25, 1988). Quotes from Participants and Attendees.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Potter, Charles, Comp.

Materials from the Literacy Symposium that begin this document are a letter of support from Barbara Bush, a symposium agenda, and lists of panel participants, speakers, symposium staff, and members of the Academic Advisory Council to the U.S. Government Printing Office. These are followed by 21 pages of quotes from particpants. Those quoted…

Instituting Nuclear Age Education: Towards a Cooperative Future. Proceedings of the International Student Pugwash Symposium (Atlanta, Georgia, January 20-23, 1983). [Summary].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Student Pugwash, Washington, DC.

Proceedings of a symposium which focused on issues related to nuclear weapons and arms control are presented. In addition to a list of participants (including both high school and college educators) and symposium schedule, summaries/highlights of symposium sessions are provided. These include summaries of three working groups which discussed…

May 2006 Click It or Ticket seat belt mobilization evaluation

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-06-01

Click It or Ticket (CIOT) mobilizations are intense, short-duration, seat belt publicity and enforcement programs. The 2006 national mobilization involved approximately $27 million of purchased media. Law enforcement agencies across the nation report...

National Institutes of Health, Office of Research on Women's Health

MedlinePlus

... highlights the importance of factoring sex as a biological variable into every stage of research. Right click ... highlights the importance of factoring sex as a biological variable into every stage of research. Right click ...

Climate Prediction Center: ENSO Diagnostic Discussion

Science.gov Websites

: English Version Spanish Version Adobe PDF Reader (Click icon for Adobe PDF Reader) Word: English Version Spanish Version MS Word Viewer (Click icon for MS Word Viewer) HTML: English Version Spanish Version NOAA

Second-Generation Difluorinated Cyclooctynes for Copper-Free Click Chemistry

PubMed Central

2008-01-01

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azides and activated alkynes has been used for site-selective labeling of biomolecules in vitro and in vivo. While copper catalysis has been widely employed to activate terminal alkynes for [3 + 2] cycloaddition, this method, often termed “click chemistry”, is currently incompatible with living systems because of the toxicity of the metal. We recently reported a difluorinated cyclooctyne (DIFO) reagent that rapidly reacts with azides in living cells without the need for copper catalysis. Here we report a novel class of DIFO reagents for copper-free click chemistry that are considerably more synthetically tractable. The new analogues maintained the same elevated rates of [3 + 2] cycloaddition as the parent compound and were used for imaging glycans on live cells. These second-generation DIFO reagents should expand the use of copper-free click chemistry in the hands of biologists. PMID:18680289

Second-generation difluorinated cyclooctynes for copper-free click chemistry.

PubMed

Codelli, Julian A; Baskin, Jeremy M; Agard, Nicholas J; Bertozzi, Carolyn R

2008-08-27

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azides and activated alkynes has been used for site-selective labeling of biomolecules in vitro and in vivo. While copper catalysis has been widely employed to activate terminal alkynes for [3 + 2] cycloaddition, this method, often termed "click chemistry", is currently incompatible with living systems because of the toxicity of the metal. We recently reported a difluorinated cyclooctyne (DIFO) reagent that rapidly reacts with azides in living cells without the need for copper catalysis. Here we report a novel class of DIFO reagents for copper-free click chemistry that are considerably more synthetically tractable. The new analogues maintained the same elevated rates of [3 + 2] cycloaddition as the parent compound and were used for imaging glycans on live cells. These second-generation DIFO reagents should expand the use of copper-free click chemistry in the hands of biologists.

Surface grafting of reduced graphene oxide using nanocrystalline cellulose via click reaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kabiri, Roya; Namazi, Hassan

2014-07-01

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheet was functionalized with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) via click coupling between azide-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-N3) and terminal propargyl-functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose (PG-NCC). First, the reactive azide groups were introduced on the surface of GO with azidation of 2-chloroethyl isocyanate-treated graphene oxide (GO-Cl). Then, the resulted compounds were reacted with PG-NCC utilizing copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. During the click reaction, GO was simultaneously reduced to graphene. The coupling was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, Raman, DEPT135, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and the complete exfoliation of graphene in the NCC matrix was confirmed with X-ray diffraction measurement. The degree of functionalization from the gradual mass loss of RGO-NCC suggests that around 23 mass % has been functionalized covalently. The size of both NCC and GO was found to be in nanometric range, which decreased after click reaction.

Perception time and movement time in dolphin pulsing and whistling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ridgway, Sam; Carder, Donald

2002-05-01

Auditory/vocal response time was separated into perception time (PT) and movement time (MT) in trials with bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)-two males and one female. Pressure catheters accepted into the nasal cavity by each dolphin recorded the pressure increase that preceded sound production. Time from acoustic stimulus onset to onset of pressure rise was recorded as PT (range 57 to 314 ms) and pressure rise onset to dolphin sound onset was recorded as MT (range 63 to 363 ms). Blindfolded dolphins trained to report a target by whistling often responded before completion of their 200- to 800-ms echolocation click trains. Detection of the target, indicated by whistling, before termination of the animal's own click train, suggests that dolphins do not voluntarily respond to each successive click but rather set a rhythm such that each click is emitted about 20 ms after the target echo arrives.

Transformation of temporal sequences in the zebra finch auditory system

PubMed Central

Lim, Yoonseob; Lagoy, Ryan; Shinn-Cunningham, Barbara G; Gardner, Timothy J

2016-01-01

This study examines how temporally patterned stimuli are transformed as they propagate from primary to secondary zones in the thalamorecipient auditory pallium in zebra finches. Using a new class of synthetic click stimuli, we find a robust mapping from temporal sequences in the primary zone to distinct population vectors in secondary auditory areas. We tested whether songbirds could discriminate synthetic click sequences in an operant setup and found that a robust behavioral discrimination is present for click sequences composed of intervals ranging from 11 ms to 40 ms, but breaks down for stimuli composed of longer inter-click intervals. This work suggests that the analog of the songbird auditory cortex transforms temporal patterns to sequence-selective population responses or ‘spatial codes', and that these distinct population responses contribute to behavioral discrimination of temporally complex sounds. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18205.001 PMID:27897971

Dual-Color Click Beetle Luciferase Heteroprotein Fragment Complementation Assays

PubMed Central

Villalobos, Victor; Naik, Snehal; Bruinsma, Monique; Dothager, Robin S.; Pan, Mei-Hsiu; Samrakandi, Mustapha; Moss, Britney; Elhammali, Adnan; Piwnica-Worms, David

2010-01-01

Summary Understanding the functional complexity of protein interactions requires mapping biomolecular complexes within the cellular environment over biologically-relevant time scales. Herein we describe a novel set of reversible, multicolored heteroprotein complementation fragments based on various firefly and click beetle luciferases that utilize the same substrate, D-luciferin. Luciferase heteroprotein fragment complementation systems enabled dual-color quantification of two discreet pairs of interacting proteins simultaneously or two distinct proteins interacting with a third shared protein in live cells. Using real-time analysis of click beetle green and click beetle red luciferase heteroprotein fragment complementation applied to β-TrCP, an E3-ligase common to the regulation of both β-catenin and IκBα, GSK3β was identified as a novel candidate kinase regulating IκBα processing. These dual-color protein interaction switches may enable directed dynamic analysis of a variety of protein interactions in living cells. PMID:20851351

Fluorescence imaging of chromosomal DNA using click chemistry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ishizuka, Takumi; Liu, Hong Shan; Ito, Kenichiro; Xu, Yan

2016-09-01

Chromosome visualization is essential for chromosome analysis and genetic diagnostics. Here, we developed a click chemistry approach for multicolor imaging of chromosomal DNA instead of the traditional dye method. We first demonstrated that the commercially available reagents allow for the multicolor staining of chromosomes. We then prepared two pro-fluorophore moieties that served as light-up reporters to stain chromosomal DNA based on click reaction and visualized the clear chromosomes in multicolor. We applied this strategy in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and identified, with high sensitivity and specificity, telomere DNA at the end of the chromosome. We further extended this approach to observe several basic stages of cell division. We found that the click reaction enables direct visualization of the chromosome behavior in cell division. These results suggest that the technique can be broadly used for imaging chromosomes and may serve as a new approach for chromosome analysis and genetic diagnostics.

Synthesis of hydrogel via click chemistry for DNA electrophoresis.

PubMed

Finetti, Chiara; Sola, Laura; Elliott, Jim; Chiari, Marcella

2017-09-01

This work introduces a novel sieving gel for DNA electrophoresis using a classical click chemistry reaction, the copper (I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), to cross-link functional polymer chains. The efficiency of this reaction provides, under mild conditions, hydrogels with near-ideal network connectivity and improved physical properties. Hydrogel formation via click chemistry condensation of functional polymers does not involve the use of toxic monomers and UV initiation. The performance of the new hydrogel in the separation of double stranded DNA fragments was evaluated in the 2200 TapeStation system, an analytical platform, recently introduced by Agilent that combines the advantages of CE in terms of miniaturization and automation with the simplicity of use of slab gel electrophoresis. The click gel enables addition of florescent dyes prior to electrophoresis with considerable improvement of resolution and separation efficiency over conventional cross-linked polyacrylamide gels. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chemistry of Atmospheric Aerosols at Pacifichem 2015 Congress

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nizkorodov, Sergey

This grant was used to provide participant support for a symposium entitled “Chemistry of Atmospheric Aerosols” at the 2015 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (Pacifichem) that took place in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, on December 15-20, 2015. The objective was to help attract both distinguished scientists as well as more junior researchers, including graduate students, to this international symposium by reducing the financial barrier for its attendance. It was the second time a symposium devoted to Atmospheric Aerosols was part of the Pacifichem program. This symposium provided a unique opportunity for the scientists from different countries to gather inmore » one place and discuss the cutting edge advances in the cross-disciplinary areas of aerosol research. To achieve the highest possible impact, the PI and the symposium co-organizers actively advertised the symposium by e-mail and by announcements at other conferences. A number of people responded, and the end result was a very busy program with about 100 oral and poster presentation described in the attached PDF file. Presentations by invited speakers occupied approximately 30% of time in each of the sessions. In addition to the invited speakers, each session also had contributed presentations, including those by graduate students and postdoctoral researchers. This symposium gathered established aerosol chemists from a number of countries including United States, Canada, China, Japan, Korea, Australia, Brazil, Hongkong, Switzerland, France, and Germany. There were plenty of time for the attendees to discuss new ideas and potential collaborations both during the oral sessions and at the poster sessions of the symposium. The symposium was very beneficial to graduate student researchers, postdoctoral fellows, and junior researchers whose prior exposure to international aerosol chemistry science had been limited. The symposium provided junior researchers with a much broader perspective of aerosol chemistry than that afforded by attending a national meeting. The oral and platform presentation abstracts from the symposium were published in the Pacifichem Congress program.« less

Intermodal Freight Symposium : workbook

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

On September 30, 1996, the Federal Highway Administrations ITS Joint Program Office and the National Highway Institute hosted an lntermodal Freight Symposium. The symposium brought together public and private sector experts in fright movement and ...

Cursor Control Device Test Battery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holden, Kritina; Sandor, Aniko; Pace, John; Thompson, Shelby

2013-01-01

The test battery was developed to provide a standard procedure for cursor control device evaluation. The software was built in Visual Basic and consists of nine tasks and a main menu that integrates the set-up of the tasks. The tasks can be used individually, or in a series defined in the main menu. Task 1, the Unidirectional Pointing Task, tests the speed and accuracy of clicking on targets. Two rectangles with an adjustable width and adjustable center- to-center distance are presented. The task is to click back and forth between the two rectangles. Clicks outside of the rectangles are recorded as errors. Task 2, Multidirectional Pointing Task, measures speed and accuracy of clicking on targets approached from different angles. Twenty-five numbered squares of adjustable width are arranged around an adjustable diameter circle. The task is to point and click on the numbered squares (placed on opposite sides of the circle) in consecutive order. Clicks outside of the squares are recorded as errors. Task 3, Unidirectional (horizontal) Dragging Task, is similar to dragging a file into a folder on a computer desktop. Task 3 requires dragging a square of adjustable width from one rectangle and dropping it into another. The width of each rectangle is adjustable, as well as the distance between the two rectangles. Dropping the square outside of the rectangles is recorded as an error. Task 4, Unidirectional Path Following, is similar to Task 3. The task is to drag a square through a tunnel consisting of two lines. The size of the square and the width of the tunnel are adjustable. If the square touches any of the lines, it is counted as an error and the task is restarted. Task 5, Text Selection, involves clicking on a Start button, and then moving directly to the underlined portion of the displayed text and highlighting it. The pointing distance to the text is adjustable, as well as the to-be-selected font size and the underlined character length. If the selection does not include all of the underlined characters, or includes non-underlined characters, it is recorded as an error. Task 6, Multi-size and Multi-distance Pointing, presents the participant with 24 consecutively numbered buttons of different sizes (63 to 163 pixels), and at different distances (60 to 80 pixels) from the Start button. The task is to click on the Start button, and then move directly to, and click on, each numbered target button in consecutive order. Clicks outside of the target area are errors. Task 7, Standard Interface Elements Task, involves interacting with standard interface elements as instructed in written procedures, including: drop-down menus, sliders, text boxes, radio buttons, and check boxes. Task completion time is recorded. In Task 8, a circular track is presented with a disc in it at the top. Track width and disc size are adjustable. The task is to move the disc with circular motion within the path without touching the boundaries of the track. Time and errors are recorded. Task 9 is a discrete task that allows evaluation of discrete cursor control devices that tab from target to target, such as a castle switch. The task is to follow a predefined path and to click on the yellow targets along the path.

Laser induced damage in optical materials: twelfth ASTM symposium.

PubMed

Bennett, H E; Glass, A J; Guenther, A H; Newnam, B

1981-09-01

The twelfth annual Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers (Boulder Damage Symposium) was held at the National Bureau of Standards in Boulder, Colorado, 30 Sept.-l Oct., 1980. The symposium was held under the auspices of ASTM Committee F-l, Subcommittee on Laser Standards, with the joint sponsorship of NBS, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the Department of Energy, the Office of Naval Research, and the Air Force Office of Scientific research. Over 150 scientists attended the symposium, including representatives of the United Kingdom, France, Japan, and West Germany. The symposium was divided into sessions concerning materials and measurements, mirrors and surfaces, thin films, and finally fundamental mechanisms. As in previous years, the emphasis of the papers presented at the symposium was directed toward new frontiers and new developments. Particular emphasis was given to materials for high power systems. The wavelength range of prime interest was from 10.6 microm to the UV region. Highlights included surface characterization, thin film-substrate boundaries, and advances in fundamental laser-matter threshold interactions and mechanisms. The scaling of damage thresholds with pulse duration, focal area, and wavelength was discussed in detail. Harold E. Bennett of the Naval Weapons Center, Alexander J. Glass of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Arthur H. Guenther of the Air Force Weapons Laboratory, and Brian E. Newnam of the Los Alamos National Laboratory were cochairmen of the symposium. The thirteenth annual symposium is scheduled for 17-18 Nov. 1981 at the National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colorado.

Brain stem auditory potentials evoked by clicks in the presence of high-pass filtered noise in dogs.

PubMed

Poncelet, L; Deltenre, P; Coppens, A; Michaux, C; Coussart, E

2006-04-01

This study evaluates the effects of a high-frequency hearing loss simulated by the high-pass-noise masking method, on the click-evoked brain stem-evoked potentials (BAEP) characteristics in dogs. BAEP were obtained in response to rarefaction and condensation click stimuli from 60 dB normal hearing level (NHL, corresponding to 89 dB sound pressure level) to wave V threshold, using steps of 5 dB in eleven 58 to 80-day-old Beagle puppies. Responses were added, providing an equivalent to alternate polarity clicks, and subtracted, providing the rarefaction-condensation potential (RCDP). The procedure was repeated while constant level, high-pass filtered (HPF) noise was superposed to the click. Cut-off frequencies of the successively used filters were 8, 4, 2 and 1 kHz. For each condition, wave V and RCDP thresholds, and slope of the wave V latency-intensity curve (LIC) were collected. The intensity range at which RCDP could not be recorded (pre-RCDP range) was calculated. Compared with the no noise condition, the pre-RCDP range significantly diminished and the wave V threshold significantly increased when the superposed HPF noise reached the 4 kHz area. Wave V LIC slope became significantly steeper with the 2 kHz HPF noise. In this non-invasive model of high-frequency hearing loss, impaired hearing of frequencies from 8 kHz and above escaped detection through click BAEP study in dogs. Frequencies above 13 kHz were however not specifically addressed in this study.

Biosonar adjustments to target range of echolocating bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) in the wild.

PubMed

Jensen, F H; Bejder, L; Wahlberg, M; Madsen, P T

2009-04-01

Toothed whales use echolocation to locate and track prey. Most knowledge of toothed whale echolocation stems from studies on trained animals, and little is known about how toothed whales regulate and use their biosonar systems in the wild. Recent research suggests that an automatic gain control mechanism in delphinid biosonars adjusts the biosonar output to the one-way transmission loss to the target, possibly a consequence of pneumatic restrictions in how fast the sound generator can be actuated and still maintain high outputs. This study examines the relationships between target range (R), click intervals, and source levels of wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) by recording regular (non-buzz) echolocation clicks with a linear hydrophone array. Dolphins clicked faster with decreasing distance to the array, reflecting a decreasing delay between the outgoing echolocation click and the returning array echo. However, for interclick intervals longer than 30-40 ms, source levels were not limited by the repetition rate. Thus, pneumatic constraints in the sound-production apparatus cannot account for source level adjustments to range as a possible automatic gain control mechanism for target ranges longer than a few body lengths of the dolphin. Source level estimates drop with reducing range between the echolocating dolphins and the target as a function of 17 log(R). This may indicate either (1) an active form of time-varying gain in the biosonar independent of click intervals or (2) a bias in array recordings towards a 20 log(R) relationship for apparent source levels introduced by a threshold on received click levels included in the analysis.

Atlantic white cedar: ecology, restoration, and management: Proceedings of the Arlington Echo symposium

Treesearch

Philip Sheridan

2005-01-01

A symposium was held on the globally threatened and coastally restricted tree species, Atlantic white-cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides (L) B.S.P.) at the Arlington Echo Outdoor Education Center, Millersville, MD, in June 2003. The theme of the symposium was “Uniting Forces for Action,” and participants in the symposium came from throughout the range of this species, from...

Sixth BHD Symposium and First International Upstate Kidney Cancer Symposium: latest scientific and clinical discoveries.

PubMed

Bratslavsky, Gennady; Woodford, Mark R; Daneshvar, Michael; Mollapour, Mehdi

2016-03-29

The Sixth BHD Symposium and First International Upstate Kidney Cancer Symposium concluded in September 2015, in Syracuse, NY, USA. The program highlighted recent findings in a variety of areas, including drug development, therapeutics and surgical management of patients with BHD and multi-focal renal tumors, as well as multidisciplinary approaches for patients with localized, locally advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

2008 Homeland Security Symposium and Exposition

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-10

Untitled Document 2008 Homeland Security Symposium and Exposition.html[5/19/2016 8:49:43 AM] 2008 Homeland Security Symposium and Exposition "New...national defenSe magazine Advertise in National Defense and increase your company exposure at this symposium! National Defense will be distributed to all...use the Internet Cafe to check their e-mail and search the Internet. Brand your name with maximum exposure at this high traffic area. Benefits

Program Components | Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program

Cancer.gov

Annual Cancer Prevention Fellows' Scientific Symposium The Annual Cancer Prevention Fellows’ Scientific Symposium is held each fall. The symposium brings together senior fellows, new fellows, and the CPFP staff for a day of scientific exchange in the area of cancer prevention. The event provides an opportunity for fellows to discuss their projects, ideas, and potential future collaborations. Fellows plan the symposium, including developing the program agenda and special workshops, and selecting invited speakers.

International Symposium on Disarmament Education: A Report. Proceedings from a World Confederation of Organizations of the Teaching Profession and Japan Teachers Union Symposium (Hiroshima, Japan, October 25-29, 1982).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Japan Teachers Union, Tokyo.

Proceedings from an international symposium devoted to the cause of disarmament education are presented. Representatives from international and national teacher organizations together with scholars and researchers from 35 countries and all continents attended. The symposium focused on the idea that teachers have a special responsibility to work…

Laser-induced damage in optical materials: sixteenth ASTM symposium.

PubMed

Bennett, H E; Guenther, A H; Milam, D; Newnam, B E

1987-03-01

The Sixteenth Annual Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers (Boulder Damage Symposium) was held at the National Bureau of Standards in Boulder, CO, 15-17 Oct. 1984. The Symposium was held under the auspices of ASTM Committee F-1, Subcommittee on Laser Standards, with the joint sponsorship of NBS, the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency, the Department of Energy, the Office of Naval Research, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Approximately 180 scientists attended the Symposium, including representatives from England, France, The Netherlands, Scotland, and West Germany. The Symposium was divided into sessions concerning Materials and Measurements, Mirrors and Surfaces, Thin Films, and Fundamental Mechanisms. As in previous years, the emphasis of the papers presented at the Symposium was directed toward new frontiers and new developments. Particular emphasis was given to materials for high-power apparatus. The wavelength range of prime interest was from 10.6,microm to the UV region. Highlights included surface characterization, thin-film-substrate boundaries, and advances in fundamental laser-matter threshold interactions and mechanisms. Harold E. Bennett of the U.S. Naval Weapons Center, Arthur H. Guenther of the U.S. Air Force Weapons Laboratory, David Milam of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and Brian E. Newnam of the Los Alamos National Laboratory were cochairmen of the Symposium.

The Click It or Ticket Evaluation, 2013

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-01-01

The Click It or Ticket (CIOT) high-visibility enforcement (HVE) program has been a primary component of national, State, and local efforts to increase seat belt use, being conducted at least annually since 2003. The 2013 CIOT mobilization included 48...

The functions of sound production in the lined seahorse, Hippocampus erectus, and effects of loud ambient noise on its behavior and physiology in captive environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anderson, Paul August

Loud noise in aquaria represents a cacophonous environment for captive fishes. I tested the effects of loud noise on acoustic communication, feeding behavior, courtship behavior, and the stress response of the lined seahorse, Hippocampus erectus. Total Root Mean Square (RMS) power of ambient noise to which seahorses are exposed in captivity varies widely but averages 126.1 +/- 0.8 deciBels with reference to one micropascal (dB re: 1 muPa) at the middle of the water column and 133.7 +/- 1.1 dB at the tank bottom, whereas ambient noise in the wild averages 119.6 +/- 3.5 dB. Hearing sensitivity of H. erectus, measured from auditory evoked potentials, demonstrated maximum spectrum-level sensitivities of 105.0 +/- 1.5 dB and 3.5 x 10-3 + 7.6 x 10-4 m/s2 at 200 Hz; which is characteristic of hearing generalists. H. erectus produces acoustic clicks with mean peak spectrum-level amplitudes of 94.3 +/- 0.9 dB at 232 +/- 16 Hz and 1.5 x 10 -3 +/- 1.9 x 10-4 m/s2 at 265 +/- 22 Hz. Frequency matching of clicks to best hearing sensitivity, and estimates of audition of broadband signals suggest that seahorses may hear conspecific clicks, especially in terms of particle motion. Behavioral investigations revealed that clicking did not improve prey capture proficiency. However, animals clicked more often as time progressed in a courtship sequence, and mates performed more courtship behaviors with control animals than with muted animals, lending additional evidence to the role of clicking as an acoustic signal during courtship. Despite loud noise and the role of clicking in communication, masking of the acoustic signal was not demonstrated. Seahorses exposed to loud noise in aquaria for one month demonstrated physiological, chronic stress responses: reduced weight and body condition, and increased heterophil to lymphocyte ratio. Behavioral alterations were characterized by greater mean and variance of activity among animals housed in loud tanks in the first week, followed by habituation. By week four, animals in loud tanks demonstrated variable performance of clicking and piping, putative distress behaviors. Despite the physiological stress response, animals in loud tanks did not reduce feeding response or courtship behavior, suggesting allostasis.

Functionalization of Mechanochemically Passivated Germanium Nanoparticles via "Click" Chemistry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Purkait, Tapas Kumar

Germanium nanoparticles (Ge NPs) may be fascinating for their electronic and optoelectronic properties, as the band gap of Ge NPs can be tuned from the infrared into the visible range of solar spectru. Further functionalization of those nanoparticles may potentially lead to numerous applications ranging from surface attachment, bioimaging, drug delivery and nanoparticles based devices. Blue luminescent germanium nanoparticles were synthesized from a novel top-down mechanochemical process using high energy ball milling (HEBM) of bulk germanium. Various reactive organic molecules (such as, alkynes, nitriles, azides) were used in this process to react with fresh surface and passivate the surface through Ge-C or Ge-N bond. Various purification process, such as gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Soxhlet dailysis etc. were introduced to purify nanoparticles from molecular impurities. A size separation technique was developed using GPC. The size separated Ge NPs were characterize by TEM, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy to investigate their size selective properties. Germanium nanoparticles with alkyne termini group were prepared by HEBM of germanium with a mixture of n-alkynes and alpha, o-diynes. Additional functionalization of those nanoparticles was achieved by copper(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne "click" reaction. A variety of organic and organometallic azides including biologically important glucals have been reacted in this manner resulting in nanopartilces adorned with ferrocenyl, trimethylsilyl, and glucal groups. Additional functionalization of those nanoparticles was achieved by reactions with various azides via a Cu(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne "click" reaction. Various azides, including PEG derivatives and cylcodextrin moiety, were grafted to the initially formed surface. Globular nanoparticle arrays were formed through interparticle linking via "click" chemistry or "host-guest" chemistry. Copper(I) catalyzed "click" chemistry also can be explored with azido-terminated Ge NPs which were synthesized by azidation of chloro-terminated Ge NPs. Water soluble PEGylated Ge NPs were synthesized by "click" reaction for biological application. PEGylated Ge NP clusters were prepared using alpha, o-bis alkyno or bis-azido polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives by copper catalyzed "click" reaction via inter-particle linking. These nanoparticles were further functionalized by azido beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and azido adamantane via alkyne-azide "click" reactions. Nanoparticle clusters were made from the functionalized Ge NPs by "host-guest" chemistry of beta-CD functionalized Ge NPs either with adamantane functionalized Ge NPs or fullerene, C60.

Overview of recent Japanese activities in thermographic NDT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sakagami, Takahide; Ogura, Keiji

1997-04-01

In the past decade, nondestructive testing techniques using infrared thermography, i.e., thermographic NDT techniques, received a lot of attention in many engineering fields in Japan. The first national symposium that specialized in thermographic NDT techniques was held in Tokyo, Japan on November 28-29, 1995, organized by the Research and Technical Committee on Surface Method of the Japanese Society for Nondestructive Inspection (JSNDI). At this symposium, twenty eight presentations including two keynote addresses were given. Over three hundred thermography researchers and engineers (thermographers) attended the symposium. Further, an exhibition of newly developed equipment for infrared thermography featuring the equipment of eleven companies took place concurrently. This symposium played an important role as the first national symposium dedicated to sharing information, ideas and experiences about thermographic NDT among thermographers from both the user and supplier sides. Sessions within the symposium were as follows: Advances in Infrared Imaging Systems; Applications for Composite Materials and Coated Materials; Diagnosis of Equipment/Monitoring, Applications for Structural Materials; Backup Techniques for Thermographic NDT; Infrared Stress Measurement and Contact Problems. This paper briefly describes presentations given in the symposium.

May 2004 Click It or Ticket seat belt mobilization evaluation : final report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-05-01

"Click It or Ticket" (CIOT) is an intense, short duration, seat belt high visibility publicity and enforcement program. The CIOT May 2004 Mobilization involved approximately $32 million dollars of purchased media. Law enforcement agencies in 50 State...

Evaluation of the May 2007 : click it or ticket mobilization.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-12-01

Click It or Ticket (CIOT) programs are short-duration, high-visibility enforcement of seat belt laws. The first : nationwide program was conducted in May 2003 followed by similar programs during May of each succeeding : year. This report examines the...

NHTSA Region IV Click It or Ticket campaign, May 2001

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-01-01

During May 2001, all eight southeastern states in National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Region IV conducted "Click It or Ticket", an intensive belt use enforcement program. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the results of th...

May 2003 Click It or Ticket safety belt mobilization evaluation

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-03-01

Click It or Ticket (CIOT) is an intense, short duration, safety belt paid advertising and high visibility enforcement program. The CIOT May 2003 Mobilization involved nearly 25 million dollars of purchased media. Law enforcement agencies in 44 of 45 ...

Evaluation of Click It or Ticket model programs

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-09-01

Click It or Ticket (CIOT) is an intense, short duration, seat belt enforcement program which relies heavily on paid media to reach all motorists. Ten states that implemented CIOT during May 2002 were compared with four states that conducted belt use ...

Navigation To and From a Page: Which Links Get Clicked From Where

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Use Google Analytics navigation summary data to find out what page users most frequently click your Contact Us link from (Previous Page Path), or which links on your homepage are popular or unpopular (Next Page Path).

76 FR 73998 - Drawbridge Operation Regulations; Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (Algiers Alternate Route), Belle...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-30

...,'' click ``Search,'' and then click on the balloon shape in the ``Actions'' column. If you submit your... accordingly as there is an alternate route. The vertical clearance of the bridge is 40 feet above mean high...

The 2007 click it or ticket high-visibility seat belt mobilization : traffic tech.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-09-01

In May 2007 the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration : sponsored the fifth national Click It or Ticket (CIOT) : high-visibility seat belt enforcement mobilization, which followed : the CIOT program model of earned and paid media : publicizi...

Evaluation of Kentucky's "Click It or Ticket" 2008 campaign.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-07-01

The objective of this report was to document the results of the "Click It or Ticket" 2008 campaign in Kentucky. The campaign involved a combination of earned media, paid media, and enforcement. : The evaluation of the campaign included documenting th...

Evaluation of Kentucky's Click it or Ticket campaign.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-08-01

The objective of this report was to document the results of the Click It or Ticket campaign in Kentucky. The campaign involved a combination of earned media, paid media, and enforcement. : The evaluation of the campaign included documenting the activ...

VeriClick: an efficient tool for table format verification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nagy, George; Tamhankar, Mangesh

2012-01-01

The essential layout attributes of a visual table can be defined by the location of four critical grid cells. Although these critical cells can often be located by automated analysis, some means of human interaction is necessary for correcting residual errors. VeriClick is a macro-enabled spreadsheet interface that provides ground-truthing, confirmation, correction, and verification functions for CSV tables. All user actions are logged. Experimental results of seven subjects on one hundred tables suggest that VeriClick can provide a ten- to twenty-fold speedup over performing the same functions with standard spreadsheet editing commands.

Compensating for the effects of site and equipment variation on delphinid species identification from their echolocation clicks.

PubMed

Roch, Marie A; Stinner-Sloan, Johanna; Baumann-Pickering, Simone; Wiggins, Sean M

2015-01-01

A concern for applications of machine learning techniques to bioacoustics is whether or not classifiers learn the categories for which they were trained. Unfortunately, information such as characteristics of specific recording equipment or noise environments can also be learned. This question is examined in the context of identifying delphinid species by their echolocation clicks. To reduce the ambiguity between species classification performance and other confounding factors, species whose clicks can be readily distinguished were used in this study: Pacific white-sided and Risso's dolphins. A subset of data from autonomous acoustic recorders located at seven sites in the Southern California Bight collected between 2006 and 2012 was selected. Cepstral-based features were extracted for each echolocation click and Gaussian mixture models were used to classify groups of 100 clicks. One hundred Monte-Carlo three-fold experiments were conducted to examine classification performance where fold composition was determined by acoustic encounter, recorder characteristics, or recording site. The error rate increased from 6.1% when grouped by acoustic encounter to 18.1%, 46.2%, and 33.2% for grouping by equipment, equipment category, and site, respectively. A noise compensation technique reduced error for these grouping schemes to 2.7%, 4.4%, 6.7%, and 11.4%, respectively, a reduction in error rate of 56%-86%.

Hearing sensitivity during target presence and absence while a whale echolocates.

PubMed

Supin, Alexander Ya; Nachtigall, Paul E; Breese, Marlee

2008-01-01

Hearing sensitivity was measured in a false killer whale during echolocation. Sensitivity was measured using probe stimuli as sinusoidally amplitude modulated signals with a 22.5-kHz carrier frequency and recording auditory evoked potentials as envelope-following responses. The probes were presented and responses were recorded during short 2-s periods when the animal echolocated to detect the presence or absence of a target in a go/no-go paradigm. In the target-absent trials, a hearing threshold of 90.4 dB re 1 muPa was found; in the target-present trials, the threshold was 109.8 dB. Thus, a 19.4-dB difference was found between thresholds in the target-present and target-absent trials. To check the possibility that this difference was the result of different masking degree of the probe by the emitted sonar clicks, click statistics were investigated in similar trials. No indication was found that the energy of the emitted clicks was higher in the target-present than in target-absent trials; on the contrary, mean click level, mean number of clicks per train, and overall train energy was slightly higher in the target-absent trials. Thus the data indicate that the hearing sensitivity of the whale varied depending on target presence or absence.

The 1986 Get Away Special Experimenter's Symposium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thomas, Lawrence R. (Editor); Mosier, Frances L. (Editor)

1987-01-01

The 1986 Get Away Special (GAS) Experimenter's Symposium will provide a formal opportunity for GAS Experimenter's to share the results of their projects. The focus of this symposium is on payloads that will be flown in the future.

1975 Ride Quality Symposium

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-11-01

A compilation is presented of papers reported at the 1975 Ride Quality Symposium held in Williamsburg, Virginia, August 11-12, 1975. The symposium, jointly sponsored by NASA and the United States Department of Transportation, was held to provide a fo...

Rail vehicle crashworthiness symposium

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-03-01

This document contains the proceedings of the Rail Vehicle Crashworthiness Symposium held at the Volpe Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts on June 24, 25, and 26, 1996. These proceedings have been developed from a transcript of the symposium and the m...

Manned Space Flight Experiments Symposium: Gemini Missions III and IV

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1965-01-01

This is a compilation of papers on in-flight experiments presented at the first symposium of a series, Manned Space Flight Experiments Symposium, sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The results of experiments conducted during the Gemini Missions III and IV are covered. These symposiums are to be conducted for the scientific community at regular intervals on the results of experiments carried out in conjunction with manned space flights.

National Institute on Drug Abuse symposium report: drugs of abuse, dopamine, and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders/HIV-associated dementia.

PubMed

Purohit, Vishnudutt; Rapaka, Rao; Frankenheim, Jerry; Avila, Albert; Sorensen, Roger; Rutter, Joni

2013-04-01

The National Institute on Drug Abuse organized a symposium on drugs of abuse, dopamine, and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND)/HIV-associated dementia (HAD) in Rockville, Maryland, October 4, 2011. The purpose of this symposium was to evaluate the potential role of dopamine in the potentiation of HAND/HAD by drugs of abuse. A summary of the symposium has been presented in this report.

What is the Value of Space Exploration? - A Prairie Perspective

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

The symposium addresses different topics within Space Exploration. The symposium was fed, using satellite downlinks, to several communities in North Dakota, the first such symposium of its type ever held. The specific topics presented by different community members within the state of North Dakota were: the economic, cultural, scientific and technical, political, educational and social value of Space Exploration. Included is a 22 minute VHS video cassette highlighting the symposium.

Report of the 7th African Rotavirus Symposium, Cape Town, South Africa, 8th November 2012.

PubMed

Seheri, L M; Mwenda, J M; Page, N

2014-11-12

The 7th African Rotavirus Symposium was held in Cape Town, South Africa, on the 8th November 2012 as a Satellite Symposium at the First International African Vaccinology Conference. Over 150 delegates participated in this symposium including scientists, clinicians, health officials, policymakers and vaccine manufacturers from across Africa. Key topics discussed included rotavirus surveillance, rotavirus vaccine introduction, post rotavirus vaccine impact analysis and intussusception data and surveillance in Africa. The symposium provided early rotavirus vaccine adopter countries in Africa (South Africa, Ghana and Botswana) an opportunity to share up-to-date information on vaccine introduction, and allowed colleagues to share experiences in establishing routine rotavirus surveillance (Tanzania, Niger and Rwanda). Overall, the symposium highlighted the high burden of rotavirus in Africa, and the need to continue to strengthen efforts in preventing rotavirus diarrhoea in Africa. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

1979 international symposium on lepton and photon interactions at high energies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kirk, T.B.W.; Abarbanel, H.D.I.

1979-01-01

This symposium on Leptons and Photons is ninth in the series of biannual meetings which began at Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1963. Abstracts of individual items from the symposium were prepared separately for the data base. (GHT)

Program Components | Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program

Cancer.gov

Annual Cancer Prevention Fellows' Scientific Symposium The Annual Cancer Prevention Fellows’ Scientific Symposium is held each fall. The symposium brings together senior fellows, new fellows, and the CPFP staff for a day of scientific exchange in the area of cancer prevention.

Online Advertising to Reach and Recruit Latino Smokers to an Internet Cessation Program: Impact and Costs

PubMed Central

Fang, Ye; Moreno, Jose L; Streiff, Shawn L; Villegas, Jorge; Muñoz, Ricardo F; Tercyak, Kenneth P; Mandelblatt, Jeanne S; Vallone, Donna M

2012-01-01

Background Tobacco cessation among Latinos is a public health priority in the United States, particularly given the relatively high growth of this population segment. Although a substantial percentage of American Latinos use the Internet, they have not engaged in Web-based cessation programs as readily as other racial/ethnic subgroups. A lack of culturally specific advertising efforts may partly explain this disparity. Objective Phase I of this study focused on the development of four Spanish-language online banner advertisements to promote a free Spanish-language smoking cessation website (es.BecomeAnEX.org). Phase II examined the relative effectiveness of the four banner ads in reaching and recruiting Latino smokers to the cessation website. Methods In Phase I, 200 Spanish-speaking Latino smokers completed an online survey to indicate their preference for Spanish-language banner ads that incorporated either the cultural value of family (familismo) or fatalism (fatalismo). Ads included variations on message framing (gain vs loss) and depth of cultural targeting (surface vs deep). In Phase II, a Latin square design evaluated the effectiveness of the four preferred ads from Phase I. Ads were systematically rotated across four popular Latino websites (MySpace Latino, MSN Latino, MiGente, and Yahoo! en Español) over four months from August to November 2009. Tracking software recorded ad clicks and registrants on the cessation website. Negative binomial regression and general linear modeling examined the main and interacting effects of message framing and depth of cultural targeting for four outcomes: number of clicks, click-through rate, number of registrants, and cost per registrant. Results In Phase I, smokers preferred the four ads featuring familismo. In Phase II, 24,829,007 impressions were placed, yielding 24,822 clicks, an overall click-through rate of 0.10%, and 500 registrants (2.77% conversion rate). Advertising costs totaled US $104,669.49, resulting in an overall cost per click of US $4.22 and cost per registrant of US $209.34. Website placement predicted all four outcomes (all P values < .01). Yahoo! en Español yielded the highest click-through rate (0.167%) and number of registrants (n = 267). The message framing and cultural targeting interaction was not significant. Contrary to hypotheses, loss-framed ads yielded a higher click-through rate than gain-framed ads (point estimate = 1.08, 95% CI 1.03 1.14, P = 0.004), and surface-targeted ads outperformed deep-targeted ads for clicks (point estimate = 1.20, 95% CI 1.13 1.28, P < .001), click-through rate (point estimate = 1.22, 95% CI 1.16 1.29, P < .001), and number of registrants (point estimate = 2.73, 95% CI 2.14 3.48, P < .001). Conclusions Online advertising can be an effective and cost-efficient strategy to reach and engage Spanish-speaking Latino smokers in an evidence-based Internet cessation program. Cultural targeting and smoking-relevant images may be important factors for banner ad design. Online advertising holds potential for Web-based cessation program implementation and research. PMID:22954502

Online advertising to reach and recruit Latino smokers to an internet cessation program: impact and costs.

PubMed

Graham, Amanda L; Fang, Ye; Moreno, Jose L; Streiff, Shawn L; Villegas, Jorge; Muñoz, Ricardo F; Tercyak, Kenneth P; Mandelblatt, Jeanne S; Vallone, Donna M

2012-08-27

Tobacco cessation among Latinos is a public health priority in the United States, particularly given the relatively high growth of this population segment. Although a substantial percentage of American Latinos use the Internet, they have not engaged in Web-based cessation programs as readily as other racial/ethnic subgroups. A lack of culturally specific advertising efforts may partly explain this disparity. Phase I of this study focused on the development of four Spanish-language online banner advertisements to promote a free Spanish-language smoking cessation website (es.BecomeAnEX.org). Phase II examined the relative effectiveness of the four banner ads in reaching and recruiting Latino smokers to the cessation website. In Phase I, 200 Spanish-speaking Latino smokers completed an online survey to indicate their preference for Spanish-language banner ads that incorporated either the cultural value of family (familismo) or fatalism (fatalismo). Ads included variations on message framing (gain vs loss) and depth of cultural targeting (surface vs deep). In Phase II, a Latin square design evaluated the effectiveness of the four preferred ads from Phase I. Ads were systematically rotated across four popular Latino websites (MySpace Latino, MSN Latino, MiGente, and Yahoo! en Español) over four months from August to November 2009. Tracking software recorded ad clicks and registrants on the cessation website. Negative binomial regression and general linear modeling examined the main and interacting effects of message framing and depth of cultural targeting for four outcomes: number of clicks, click-through rate, number of registrants, and cost per registrant. In Phase I, smokers preferred the four ads featuring familismo. In Phase II, 24,829,007 impressions were placed, yielding 24,822 clicks, an overall click-through rate of 0.10%, and 500 registrants (2.77% conversion rate). Advertising costs totaled US $104,669.49, resulting in an overall cost per click of US $4.22 and cost per registrant of US $209.34. Website placement predicted all four outcomes (all P values < .01). Yahoo! en Español yielded the highest click-through rate (0.167%) and number of registrants (n = 267). The message framing and cultural targeting interaction was not significant. Contrary to hypotheses, loss-framed ads yielded a higher click-through rate than gain-framed ads (point estimate = 1.08, 95% CI 1.03 1.14, P = 0.004), and surface-targeted ads outperformed deep-targeted ads for clicks (point estimate = 1.20, 95% CI 1.13 1.28, P < .001), click-through rate (point estimate = 1.22, 95% CI 1.16 1.29, P < .001), and number of registrants (point estimate = 2.73, 95% CI 2.14 3.48, P < .001). Online advertising can be an effective and cost-efficient strategy to reach and engage Spanish-speaking Latino smokers in an evidence-based Internet cessation program. Cultural targeting and smoking-relevant images may be important factors for banner ad design. Online advertising holds potential for Web-based cessation program implementation and research.

Sixth Symposium on Chemical Evolution and the Origin and Evolution of Life

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Acevedo, Sara (Editor); DeVincenzi, Donald L. (Editor); Chang, Sherwood (Editor)

1998-01-01

The 6th Symposium on Chemical Evolution and the Origin and Evolution of Life was convened at NASA Ames Research Center, November 17-20, 1997. This Symposium is convened every three years under the auspices of NASA's Exobiology Program Office. All Principal Investigators funded by this Program present their most recent research accomplishments at the Symposium. Scientific papers were presented in the following areas: cosmic evolution of the biogenic elements, prebiotic evolution (both planetary and chemical), evolution of early organisms and evolution of organisms in extreme environments, solar system exploration, and star and planet formation. The Symposium was attended by over 200 scientists from NASA centers and Universities nationwide.

Selected news from the 2014 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium: translating novel strategies into clinical practice.

PubMed

Bianconi, Maristella; Santoni, Matteo; Massari, Francesco; Faloppi, Luca; Del Prete, Michela; Giampieri, Riccardo; Ciccarese, Chiara; Modena, Alessandra; Tortora, Giampalo; Scartozzi, Mario; Cascinu, Stefano

2014-11-01

2014 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium San Francisco, CA, USA, 30 January-1 February 2014 The American Society of Clinical Oncology symposium dedicated to genitourinary tumors represents an unmissable opportunity for the whole oncology community with a special interest in the diagnosis and treatment of genitorurinary tract malignancies, in particular kidney and prostate tumors. The 2014 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium focused attention on the need to find a personalized therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma and castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. The development of biomarkers for tumor response and/or resistance will represent a major step in this context and has been the focus of several researches at the symposium.

Proceedings of the Twelfth International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mehdi, Imran (Editor)

2001-01-01

The Twelfth International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology was held February 14-16, 2001 in San Diego, California, USA. This symposium was jointly sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. The symposium featured sixty nine presentations covering a wide variety of technical topics relevant to Terahertz Technology. The presentations can be divided into five broad technology areas: Hot Electron Bolometers, superconductor insulator superconductor (SIS) technology, local oscillator (LO) technology, Antennas and Measurements, and Direct Detectors. The symposium provides scientists, engineers, and researchers working in the terahertz technology and science fields to engineers their work and exchange ideas with colleagues.

Flipping & Clicking Your Way to Higher-Order Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garver, Michael S.; Roberts, Brian A.

2013-01-01

This innovative system of teaching and learning includes the implementation of two effective learning technologies: podcasting ("flipping") and classroom response systems ("clicking"). Students watch lectures in podcast format before coming to class, which allows the "entire" class period to be devoted to active…

The Click It or Ticket evaluation, 2012 : traffic safety facts : research note.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-03-01

Click It or Ticket (CIOT) mobilizations are national, State, and local high-visibility enforcement (HVE) efforts designed to encourage motorists to buckle up. They have been conducted at the national level each year around Memorial Day since 2003. : ...

PREFACE: 4th International Symposium on Instrumentation Science and Technology (ISIST'2006)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiubin, Tan

2006-10-01

On behalf of the International Program Committee of ISIST'2006 and the symposium coordinators, I would like to thank all the participants for their presence at the 4th International Symposium on Instrumentation Science and Technology (ISIST'2006), a platform for scientists, researchers and experts from different parts of the world to present their achievements and to exchange their views on ways and means to further develop modern instrumentation science and technology. In the present information age, instrumentation science and technology is playing a more and more important role, not only in the acquisition and conversion of information at the very beginning of the information transformation chain, but also in the transfer, manipulation and utilization of information. It provides an analysis and test means for bioengineering, medical engineering, life science, environmental engineering and micro/nanometer technology, and integrates these disciplines to form new subdivisions of their own. The major subject of the symposium is crossover and fusion between instrumentation science and technology and other sciences and technologies. ISIST'2006 received more than 800 full papers from 12 countries and regions, from which 300 papers were finally selected by the international program committee for inclusion in the proceedings of ISIST'2006, published in 2 volumes. The major topics include instrumentation basic theory and methodology, sensors and conversion technology, signal and image processing, instruments and systems, laser and optical fiber instrumentation, advanced optical instrumentation, optoelectronics instrumentation, MEMS, nanotechnology and instrumentation, biomedical and environmental instrumentation, automatic test and control. The International Symposium on Instrumentation Science and Technology (ISIST) is sponsored by ICMI, NSFC, CSM, and CIS, and organized by ICMI, HIT and IC-CSM, and held every two years. The 1st symposium was held in LuoYang, China in 1999. The 2nd symposium was held in JiNan, China in 2002. The 3rd symposium was held in Xi'an, China in 2004. The 4th symposium is held in Harbin, China in 2006. The 5th symposium will be held in Hangzhou in 2008. We hope this symposium will further promote the development of instrumentation science and technology and get us all together to create a bright future. Professor Dr Tan Jiubin

Signals from the deep: Spatial and temporal acoustic occurrence of beaked whales off western Ireland.

PubMed

Kowarski, Katie; Delarue, Julien; Martin, Bruce; O'Brien, Joanne; Meade, Rossa; Ó Cadhla, Oliver; Berrow, Simon

2018-01-01

Little is known of the spatio-temporal occurrence of beaked whales off western Ireland, limiting the ability of Regulators to implement appropriate management and conservation measures. To address this knowledge gap, static acoustic monitoring was carried out using eight fixed bottom-mounted autonomous acoustic recorders: four from May to December 2015 on Ireland's northern slope and four from March to November 2016 on the western and southern slopes. Recorders ran for 205 to 230 days, resulting in 4.09 TB of data sampled at 250 kHz which could capture beaked whale acoustic signals. Zero-crossing-based automated detectors identified beaked whale clicks. A sample of detections was manually validated to evaluate and optimize detector performance. Analysis confirmed the occurrence of Sowerby's and Cuvier's beaked whales and Northern bottlenose whales. Northern bottlenose whale clicks occurred in late summer and autumn, but were too few to allow further analysis. Cuvier's and Sowerby's clicks occurred at all stations throughout the monitoring period. There was a significant effect of month and station (latitude) on the mean daily number of click detections for both species. Cuvier's clicks were more abundant at lower latitudes while Sowerby's were greater at higher latitudes, particularly in the spring, suggesting a spatial segregation between species, possibly driven by prey preference. Cuvier's occurrence increased in late autumn 2015 off northwest Porcupine Bank, a region of higher relative occurrence for each species. Seismic airgun shots, with daily sound exposure levels as high as 175 dB re 1 μPa2·s, did not appear to impact the mean daily number of Cuvier's or Sowerby's beaked whale click detections. This work provides insight into the significance of Irish waters for beaked whales and highlights the importance of using acoustics for beaked whale monitoring.

Deep Multimodal Distance Metric Learning Using Click Constraints for Image Ranking.

PubMed

Yu, Jun; Yang, Xiaokang; Gao, Fei; Tao, Dacheng

2017-12-01

How do we retrieve images accurately? Also, how do we rank a group of images precisely and efficiently for specific queries? These problems are critical for researchers and engineers to generate a novel image searching engine. First, it is important to obtain an appropriate description that effectively represent the images. In this paper, multimodal features are considered for describing images. The images unique properties are reflected by visual features, which are correlated to each other. However, semantic gaps always exist between images visual features and semantics. Therefore, we utilize click feature to reduce the semantic gap. The second key issue is learning an appropriate distance metric to combine these multimodal features. This paper develops a novel deep multimodal distance metric learning (Deep-MDML) method. A structured ranking model is adopted to utilize both visual and click features in distance metric learning (DML). Specifically, images and their related ranking results are first collected to form the training set. Multimodal features, including click and visual features, are collected with these images. Next, a group of autoencoders is applied to obtain initially a distance metric in different visual spaces, and an MDML method is used to assign optimal weights for different modalities. Next, we conduct alternating optimization to train the ranking model, which is used for the ranking of new queries with click features. Compared with existing image ranking methods, the proposed method adopts a new ranking model to use multimodal features, including click features and visual features in DML. We operated experiments to analyze the proposed Deep-MDML in two benchmark data sets, and the results validate the effects of the method.

Auditory-Nerve Responses to Clicks at Low Levels, and the Initial Peak at High Levels, are Suppressed at Opposite Bias-Tone Phases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nam, Hui; Guinan, John J.

2011-11-01

Apical auditory nerve (AN) fibers show two click-response regions that are both strongly inhibited by medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferents: (1) ringing responses from low- level (LL) clicks that are thought to be enhanced by a "cochlear amplifier," and (2) AN initial peak (ANIPr) responses from moderate-to-high level (˜70-100 dB pSPL) rarefaction clicks. Since MOC fibers synapse and act on outer hair cells (OHCs), the MOC inhibition of these responses indicates that OHC processes are heavily involved in the production of both LL and ANIPr responses. Using AN recordings in anesthetized cats, we explored the role of OHC stereocilia position in the production of these click-response regions by presenting rarefaction clicks at different phases of 50 Hz, 70-110 dB SPL bias tones. Bias effects on LL responses followed the traditional biasing pattern of twice-a-bias-tone-cycle suppression with more suppression at one phase than the other. This suppression is attributable to the bias tone moving the OHC stereocilia toward low-slope, saturation regions of the mechano-electric transduction function with the rest position being closer to one saturation region. A somewhat similar pattern was found for ANIPr responses except that the bias phases of the largest suppressions were different in ANIPr versus LL responses, usually by ˜180 degrees. The data are consistent with the LL and ANIPr responses both being due to active processes in OHCs that are controlled by OHC stereocilia position. The different phases of the LL and ANIPr suppressions indicate that different mechanisms, and perhaps different vibration patterns in the organ of Corti, are involved in the production of LL and ANIPr responses.

FIFTH NHEERL SYMPOSIUM FLYER -- INDICATORS IN HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT

EPA Science Inventory

Announcement for NHEERL Fifth Symposium - Indicators in Health and Ecological Risk Assessment. The purpose of the symposium is to address assessment of risk to public health or environmental resources which requires competent characterization of stressors and corresponding effec...

FIFTH NHEERL SYMPOSIUM POSTER -- INDICATORS IN HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT

EPA Science Inventory

Poster for announcing NHEERL Fifth Symposium - Indicators in Health and Ecological Risk Assessment. The purpose of the symposium is to address assessment of risk to public health or environmental resources which requires competent characterization of stressors and corresponding ...

78 FR 20664 - 2013 Medical Countermeasures Initiative Regulatory Science Symposium

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-05

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2013-N-0001] 2013 Medical Countermeasures Initiative Regulatory Science Symposium AGENCY: Food and Drug... following meeting: 2013 Medical Countermeasures initiative (MCMi) Regulatory Science Symposium. The...

First Annual Symposium. Volume 1: Plenary Session

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

Presentations from the symposium are presented. The progress of the Center for Space Construction is reviewed to promote technology transfer from the University of Colorado at Boulder to the national aerospace community. This symposium was heavily weighted toward plans and methodology.

Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Musicality: The Seashore Symposium.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coffman, Don D.

1999-01-01

Contains the published proceedings of "Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Musicality: The Seashore Symposium," held at the University of Iowa on October 16-18, 1997. Provides an overview of the symposium, identifying speakers' contributions to particular themes, and includes abstracts from 35 speakers. (CMK)

First International Symposium on Strain Gauge Balances. Pt. 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tripp, John S. (Editor); Tcheng, Ping (Editor)

1999-01-01

The first International Symposium on Strain Gauge Balances was sponsored and held at NASA Langley Research Center during October 22-25, 1996. The symposium provided an open international forum for presentation, discussion, and exchange of technical information among wind tunnel test technique specialists and strain gauge balance designers. The Symposium also served to initiate organized professional activities among the participating and relevant international technical communities. Over 130 delegates from 15 countries were in attendance. The program opened with a panel discussion, followed by technical paper sessions, and guided tours of the National Transonic Facility (NTF) wind tunnel, a local commercial balance fabrication facility, and the LaRC balance calibration laboratory. The opening panel discussion addressed "Future Trends in Balance Development and Applications." Forty-six technical papers were presented in 11 technical sessions covering the following areas: calibration, automatic calibration, data reduction, facility reports, design, accuracy and uncertainty analysis, strain gauges, instrumentation, balance design, thermal effects, finite element analysis, applications, and special balances. At the conclusion of the Symposium, a steering committee representing most of the nations and several U.S. organizations attending the Symposium was established to initiate planning for a second international balance symposium, to be held in 1999 in the UK.

First International Symposium on Strain Gauge Balances. Part 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tripp, John S (Editor); Tcheng, Ping (Editor)

1999-01-01

The first International Symposium on Strain Gauge Balances was sponsored and held at NASA Langley Research Center during October 22-25, 1996. The symposium provided an open international forum for presentation, discussion, and exchange of technical information among wind tunnel test technique specialists and strain gauge balance designers. The Symposium also served to initiate organized professional activities among the participating and relevant international technical communities. Over 130 delegates from 15 countries were in attendance. The program opened with a panel discussion, followed by technical paper sessions, and guided tours of the National Transonic Facility (NTF) wind tunnel, a local commercial balance fabrication facility, and the LaRC balance calibration laboratory. The opening panel discussion addressed "Future Trends in Balance Development and Applications." Forty-six technical papers were presented in 11 technical sessions covering the following areas: calibration, automatic calibration, data reduction, facility reports, design, accuracy and uncertainty analysis, strain gauges, instrumentation, balance design, thermal effects, finite element analysis, applications, and special balances. At the conclusion of the Symposium, a steering committee representing most of the nations and several U.S. organizations attending the Symposium was established to initiate planning for a second international balance symposium, to be held in 1999 in the UK.

Evaluation of the May 2005 Click It or Ticket mobilization to increase seat belt use

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-05-01

Click It or Ticket (CIOT) is an intense, short-duration, seat belt publicity and enforcement program. The CIOT May 2005 Mobilization involved approximately $33 million of purchased media. Law enforcement agencies across the Nation reported issuing mo...

Sensory biology: echolocation from click to call, mouth to wing.

PubMed

Fenton, M Brock; Ratcliffe, John M

2014-12-15

Echolocators use echoes of sounds they produce, clicks or calls, to detect objects. Usually, these signals originate from the head. New work reveals that three species of bats use their wings to generate echolocation signals. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

78 FR 52607 - Unified Registration System

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-23

...'' and click ``Search.'' Next, click ``Open Docket Folder'' in the ``Actions'' column. Finally, in the... comments received are posted without change to http://www.regulations.gov . Anyone is able to search the... License CFR Code of Federal Regulations CMV Commercial Motor Vehicle CR Compliance Review CSA Compliance...

78 FR 24069 - Safety Zone; 12th Annual Saltwater Classic; Port Canaveral Harbor; Port Canaveral, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-24

... ``SEARCH'' box and click ``SEARCH.'' Click on Open Docket Folder on the line associated with this..., 2013, the Cox Events Group and K92.3-FM will host a fishing tournament offshore of Port Canaveral, FL...

Facebook Advertisements for Inexpensive Participant Recruitment Among Women in Early Pregnancy

PubMed Central

Arcia, Adriana

2014-01-01

Facebook advertisements were utilized to recruit nulliparous women in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy for an online survey about their childbirth preferences. A campaign of ads was targeted to women, aged 18-44, residing in the United States. The ads were viewed 10,577,381 times by 7,248,985 unique Facebook users over 18 weeks in 2011. The ad campaign yielded 6,094 clicks by 5,963 unique users at a mean cost of $0.63 per click and a unique click-through rate of 0.08%. Of those who clicked through to the study site, eighteen percent (18%, n = 1,075) consented to participate. The participant pool was reduced to 344 women after application of strict eligibility criteria. Participants represented 43 states and the District of Columbia, their mean age was 20.9 years (Mdn 19.0, SD 4.0), and their mean weeks’ gestation was 11.5 (SD 5.8). The campaign cost was $3,821.81 or $11.11 per eligible participant. PMID:24082026

The effects of click and tone-burst stimulus parameters on the vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP).

PubMed

Akin, Faith Wurm; Murnane, Owen D; Proffitt, Tina M

2003-11-01

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) are short latency electromyograms (EMG) evoked by high-level acoustic stimuli and recorded from surface electrodes over the tonically contracted sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle and are presumed to originate in the saccule. The present experiments examined the effects of click and tone-burst level and stimulus frequency on the latency, amplitude, and threshold of the VEMP in subjects with normal hearing sensitivity and no history of vestibular disease. VEMPs were recorded in all subjects using 100 dB nHL click stimuli. Most subjects had VEMPs present at 500, 750, and 1000 Hz, and few subjects had VEMPs present at 2000 Hz. The response amplitude of the VEMP increased with click and tone-burst level, whereas VEMP latency was not influenced by the stimulus level. The largest tone-burst-evoked VEMPs and lowest thresholds were obtained at 500 and 750 Hz. VEMP latency was independent of stimulus frequency when tone-burst duration was held constant.

Click-electron microscopy for imaging metabolically tagged non-protein biomolecules

PubMed Central

Ngo, John T.; Adams, Stephen R.; Deerinck, Thomas J.; Boassa, Daniela; Rodriguez-Rivera, Frances; Palida, Sakina F.; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.; Ellisman, Mark H.; Tsien, Roger Y.

2016-01-01

Electron microscopy (EM) has long been the main technique to image cell structures with nanometer resolution, but has lagged behind light microscopy in the crucial ability to make specific molecules stand out. Here we introduce “Click-EM,” a labeling technique for correlative light microscopy and EM imaging of non-protein biomolecules. In this approach, metabolic labeling substrates containing bioorthogonal functional groups are provided to cells for incorporation into biopolymers by endogenous biosynthetic machinery. The unique chemical functionality of these analogs is exploited for selective attachment of singlet oxygen-generating fluorescent dyes via bioorthogonal “click chemistry” ligations. Illumination of dye-labeled structures generates singlet oxygen to locally catalyze the polymerization of diaminobenzidine into an osmiophilic reaction product that is readily imaged by EM. We describe the application of Click-EM in imaging metabolically tagged DNA, RNA, and lipids in cultured cells and neurons, and highlight its use in tracking peptidoglycan synthesis in the Gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. PMID:27110681

Male sperm whale acoustic behavior observed from multipaths at a single hydrophone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Laplanche, Christophe; Adam, Olivier; Lopatka, Maciej; Motsch, Jean-François

2005-10-01

Sperm whales generate transient sounds (clicks) when foraging. These clicks have been described as echolocation sounds, a result of having measured the source level and the directionality of these signals and having extrapolated results from biosonar tests made on some small odontocetes. The authors propose a passive acoustic technique requiring only one hydrophone to investigate the acoustic behavior of free-ranging sperm whales. They estimate whale pitch angles from the multipath distribution of click energy. They emphasize the close bond between the sperm whale's physical and acoustic activity, leading to the hypothesis that sperm whales might, like some small odontocetes, control click level and rhythm. An echolocation model estimating the range of the sperm whale's targets from the interclick interval is computed and tested during different stages of the whale's dive. Such a hypothesis on the echolocation process would indicate that sperm whales echolocate their prey layer when initiating their dives and follow a methodic technique when foraging.

Visual Influences on Perception of Speech and Nonspeech Vocal-Tract Events

PubMed Central

Brancazio, Lawrence; Best, Catherine T.; Fowler, Carol A.

2009-01-01

We report four experiments designed to determine whether visual information affects judgments of acoustically-specified nonspeech events as well as speech events (the “McGurk effect”). Previous findings have shown only weak McGurk effects for nonspeech stimuli, whereas strong effects are found for consonants. We used click sounds that serve as consonants in some African languages, but that are perceived as nonspeech by American English listeners. We found a significant McGurk effect for clicks presented in isolation that was much smaller than that found for stop-consonant-vowel syllables. In subsequent experiments, we found strong McGurk effects, comparable to those found for English syllables, for click-vowel syllables, and weak effects, comparable to those found for isolated clicks, for excised release bursts of stop consonants presented in isolation. We interpret these findings as evidence that the potential contributions of speech-specific processes on the McGurk effect are limited, and discuss the results in relation to current explanations for the McGurk effect. PMID:16922061

Preparation of Lanthanide-Polymer Composite Material via Click Chemistry.

PubMed

Chen, Bin; Wen, Guian; Wu, Jiajie; Feng, Jiachun

2015-10-01

Covalently attaching lanthanide complexes to the polymer backbone can effectively reduce the clustering of lanthanides and thus become an important strategy to fully unleash their potential. In this Communication, a metal-free click reaction is used for the first time to link a lanthanide complex to the polymer matrix. A diene-bearing copolymer with anthracenylmethyl methacrylate as a monomer and a dienophile-bearing lanthanide complex with 5-maleimido-1,10-phenanthroline as the second ligand are synthesized and coupled together through a Diels-Alder cycloaddition (DA). A comparative investigation demonstrates that the composite material prepared by DA click reaction shows the highest quantum yields in the same lanthanide concentration as compared to materials prepared by widely used "directly doping" and "in situ coordinating lanthanide ions with macromolecular ligand" approaches. This work suggests that the "metal-free" DA click reaction can be a promising tool in the synthesis of high efficient lanthanide functionalized polymeric materials. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

The Second Spaceborne Imaging Radar Symposium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1986-01-01

Summaries of the papers presented at the Second Spaceborne Imaging Radar Symposium are presented. The purpose of the symposium was to present an overwiew of recent developments in the different scientific and technological fields related to spaceborne imaging radars and to present future international plans.

Symposium on challenges and opportunities for global transportation in the 21st century. proceedings

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-10-01

This report presents the proceedings of a symposium on Challenges and Opportunities in Global Transportation in the Twenty-first Century. The symposium had three main objectives: to increase awareness and understanding of the enormous challenges faci...

Second Symposium on Water-in-Fuel Emulsions in Combustion

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-08-01

This volume contains the proceedings of the second symposium on water-in-fuel emulsions held at the DOT Transportation Systems Center September 12 and 13, 1978. This symposium, sponsored by the DOT's U.S. Coast Guard and Research and Special Programs...

Proceedings of the FAA-NASA Symposium on the Continued Airworthiness of Aircraft Structures : Part 1

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-07-01

This publication contains the fifty-two technical papers presented at the FAA-NASA Symposium on the Continued Airworthiness of Aircraft Structures. The symposium, hosted by the FAA Center of Excellence for Computational Modeling of Aircraft Structure...

Proceedings of the FAA-NASA Symposium on the Continued Airworthiness of Aircraft Structures : Part 2

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-07-01

This publication contains the fifty-two technical papers presented at the FAA-NASA Symposium on the Continued Airworthiness of Aircraft Structures. The symposium, hosted by the FAA Center of Excellence for Computational Modeling of Aircraft Structure...

PROCEEDINGS: THE 1992 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND MITIGATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM

EPA Science Inventory

The report documents the 1992 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Research Symposium held in Washington, DC, August 18-20, 1992. The symposium provided a forum for exchange of technical information on global change emissions and potential mitigation technologies. The primary ...

78 FR 10180 - Annual Computational Science Symposium; Conference

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-13

...] Annual Computational Science Symposium; Conference AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION... Computational Science Symposium.'' The purpose of the conference is to help the broader community align and share experiences to advance computational science. At the conference, which will bring together FDA...

Space Symposium/76

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

A symposium dealing with career opportunities in the aerospace program for minorities was conducted and evaluated. The symposium was attended by students from eleven predominantly minority colleges and universities in and around Washington, D. C. and the eastern region, and from high schools in five jurisdictions of the Washington metropolitan area. Speakers included representatives of Howard University, NASA, and private industry. On display during the symposium was a NASA exhibit of moon rocks, space shuttles, a lunar module, command module, pacemaker, LANDSAT, and other items of interest.

Gilbert W. Beebe Symposium on 30 Years after the Chernobyl Accident: Current and Future Studies on Radiation Health Effects.

PubMed

Samet, Jonathan M; de González, Amy Berrington; Dauer, Lawrence T; Hatch, Maureen; Kosti, Ourania; Mettler, Fred A; Satyamitra, Merriline M

2018-01-01

This commentary summarizes the presentations and discussions from the 2016 Gilbert W. Beebe symposium "30 years after the Chernobyl accident: Current and future studies on radiation health effects." The symposium was hosted by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (the National Academies). The symposium focused on the health consequences of the Chernobyl accident, looking retrospectively at what has been learned and prospectively at potential future discoveries using emerging 21st Century research methodologies.

Click nucleic acid ligation: applications in biology and nanotechnology.

PubMed

El-Sagheer, Afaf H; Brown, Tom

2012-08-21

Biochemical strategies that use a combination of synthetic oligonucleotides, thermostable DNA polymerases, and DNA ligases can produce large DNA constructs up to 1 megabase in length. Although these ambitious targets are feasible biochemically, comparable technologies for the chemical synthesis of long DNA strands lag far behind. The best available chemical approach is the solid-phase phosphoramidite method, which can be used to assemble DNA strands up to 150 bases in length. Beyond this point, deficiencies in the chemistry make it impossible to produce pure DNA. A possible alternative approach to the chemical synthesis of large DNA strands is to join together carefully purified synthetic oligonucleotides by chemical methods. Click ligation by the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne (CuAAC) reaction could facilitate this process. In this Account, we describe the synthesis, characterization, and applications of oligonucleotides prepared by click ligation. The alkyne and azide oligonucleotide strands can be prepared by standard protocols, and the ligation reaction is compatible with a wide range of chemical modifications to DNA and RNA. We have employed click ligation to synthesize DNA constructs up to 300 bases in length and much longer sequences are feasible. When the resulting triazole linkage is placed in a PCR template, various DNA polymerases correctly copy the entire base sequence. We have also successfully demonstrated both in vitro transcription and rolling circle amplification through the modified linkage. This linkage has shown in vivo biocompatibility: an antibiotic resistance gene containing triazole linkages functions in E. coli . Using click ligation, we have synthesized hairpin ribozymes up to 100 nucleotides in length and a hammerhead ribozyme with the triazole linkage located at the substrate cleavage site. At the opposite end of the length scale, click-ligated, cyclic mini-DNA duplexes have been used as models to study base pairing. Cyclic duplexes have potential therapeutic applications. They have extremely high thermodynamic stability, have increased resistance to enzymatic degradation, and have been investigated as decoys for regulatory proteins. For potential nanotechnology applications, we have synthesized double stranded DNA catenanes by click ligation. Other researchers have studied covalently fixed multistranded DNA constructs including triplexes and quadruplexes.

Low-Cost Avoidance Behaviors are Resistant to Fear Extinction in Humans

PubMed Central

Vervliet, Bram; Indekeu, Ellen

2015-01-01

Elevated levels of fear and avoidance are core symptoms across the anxiety disorders. It has long been known that fear serves to motivate avoidance. Consequently, fear extinction has been the primary focus in pre-clinical anxiety research for decades, under the implicit assumption that removing the motivator of avoidance (fear) would automatically mitigate the avoidance behaviors as well. Although this assumption has intuitive appeal, it has received little scientific scrutiny. The scarce evidence from animal studies is mixed, while the assumption remains untested in humans. The current study applied an avoidance conditioning protocol in humans to investigate the effects of fear extinction on the persistence of low-cost avoidance. Online danger-safety ratings and skin conductance responses documented the dynamics of conditioned fear across avoidance and extinction phases. Anxiety- and avoidance-related questionnaires explored individual differences in rates of avoidance. Participants first learned to click a button during a predictive danger signal, in order to cancel an upcoming aversive electrical shock (avoidance conditioning). Next, fear extinction was induced by presenting the signal in the absence of shocks while button-clicks were prevented (by removing the button in Experiment 1, or by instructing not to click the button in Experiment 2). Most importantly, post-extinction availability of the button caused a significant return of avoidant button-clicks. In addition, trait-anxiety levels correlated positively with rates of avoidance during a predictive safety signal, and with the rate of pre- to post-extinction decrease during this signal. Fear measures gradually decreased during avoidance conditioning, as participants learned that button-clicks effectively canceled the shock. Preventing button-clicks elicited a sharp increase in fear, which subsequently extinguished. Fear remained low during avoidance testing, but danger-safety ratings increased again when button-clicks were subsequently prevented. Together, these results show that low-cost avoidance behaviors can persist following fear extinction and induce increased threat appraisal. On the other hand, fear extinction did reduce augmented rates of unnecessary avoidance during safety in trait-anxious individuals, and instruction-based response prevention was more effective than removal of response cues. More research is needed to characterize the conditions under which fear extinction might mitigate avoidance. PMID:26733837

Chemical Modification of Cyclodextrin and Amylose by Click Reaction and Its Application to the Synthesis of Poly-alkylamine-Modified Antibacterial Sugars.

PubMed

Yamamura, Hatsuo

2017-01-01

Cyclodextrin (CD) can be chemically modified into desired and sophisticated functional molecules. However, poly-modification often produces complicated mixtures, resulting in a low yield of the desired product. As the most promising procedure to solve such problems and to achieve poly-modification of the CD molecule, we present here the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, known as a click reaction. This review will describe the results of our microwave-assisted click reaction for the poly-modification of CD and amylose molecules, and its application to the study of synthetic membrane active antibacterial derivatives.

Functionalization of chitosan by click chemistry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheaburu-Yilmaz, Catalina Natalia; Karavana, Sinem Yaprak; Yilmaz, Onur

2017-12-01

Chitosan modification represents a challenge nowadays. The variety of compounds which can be obtained with various architectures and different functionalities made it attractive to be used in fields like pharmacy and material science. Presents study deals with the chemical modification of chitosan by using click chemistry technique. The study adopted the approach of clicking azidated chitosan with a synthesized alkyne terminated polymer i.e. poly N isopropylacrylamide with thermoresponsive properties. Structures were confirmed by the FT-IR and HNMR spectra. Thermal characterization was performed showing different thermal behaviour with the chemical modification. The final synthesized graft copolymer can play important role within pharmaceutical formulations carrying drugs for topical or oral treatments.

Cycloadditions in modern polymer chemistry.

PubMed

Delaittre, Guillaume; Guimard, Nathalie K; Barner-Kowollik, Christopher

2015-05-19

Synthetic polymer chemistry has undergone two major developments in the last two decades. About 20 years ago, reversible-deactivation radical polymerization processes started to give access to a wide range of polymeric architectures made from an almost infinite reservoir of functional building blocks. A few years later, the concept of click chemistry revolutionized the way polymer chemists approached synthetic routes. Among the few reactions that could qualify as click, the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) initially stood out. Soon, many old and new reactions, including cycloadditions, would further enrich the synthetic macromolecular chemistry toolbox. Whether click or not, cycloadditions are in any case powerful tools for designing polymeric materials in a modular fashion, with a high level of functionality and, sometimes, responsiveness. Here, we wish to describe cycloaddition methodologies that have been reported in the last 10 years in the context of macromolecular engineering, with a focus on those developed in our laboratories. The overarching structure of this Account is based on the three most commonly encountered cycloaddition subclasses in organic and macromolecular chemistry: 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, (hetero-)Diels-Alder cycloadditions ((H)DAC), and [2+2] cycloadditions. Our goal is to briefly describe the relevant reaction conditions, the advantages and disadvantages, and the realized polymer applications. Furthermore, the orthogonality of most of these reactions is highlighted because it has proven highly beneficial for generating unique, multifunctional polymers in a one-pot reaction. The overview on 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions is mostly centered on the application of CuAAC as the most travelled route, by far. Besides illustrating the capacity of CuAAC to generate complex polymeric architectures, alternative 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions operating without the need for a catalyst are described. In the area of (H)DA cycloadditions, beyond the popular maleimide/furan couple, we present chemistries based on more reactive species, such as cyclopentadienyl or thiocarbonylthio moieties, particularly stressing the reversibility of these systems. In these two greater families, as well as in the last section on [2+2] cycloadditions, we highlight phototriggered chemistries as a powerful tool for spatially and temporally controlled materials synthesis. Clearly, cycloaddition chemistry already has and will continue to transform the field of polymer chemistry in the years to come. Applying this chemistry enables better control over polymer composition, the development of more complicated polymer architectures, the simplification of polymer library production, and the discovery of novel applications for all of these new polymers.

Dialogue on Dialogic Pedagogy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matusov, Eugene; Miyazaki, Kiyotaka

2014-01-01

In September 2011 in Rome at the International Society for Cultural and Activity Research conference, Eugene Matusov (USA), Kiyotaka Miyazaki (Japan), Jayne White (New Zealand), and Olga Dysthe (Norway) organized a symposium on Dialogic Pedagogy. Formally during the symposium and informally after the symposium several heated discussions started…

Third International Symposium on Environmental Hydraulics with a Special Theme on Urban Fluid Dynamics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boyer, Don

2002-01-01

This is to report on the use of the funds provided by NASA to support the 'Third International Symposium on Environmental Hydraulics with a Special Theme on Urban Fluid Dynamics'. The Symposium was held on the campus of Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona, USA, from 5-8 December 2001. It proved to be a forum for the discussion of a wide range of applied and basic research being conducted in the general areas of water and air resources, with the latter focusing on air quality in urban areas associated with complex terrain. This aspect of the Symposium was highlighted by twelve invited papers given by distinguished international scientists and roughly three hundred contributed manuscripts. Owing primarily to the current international situation, roughly 20% of the authors canceled their plans to attend the Symposium; while this was unfortunate, the Symposium went ahead with the enthusiastic participation of more than 250 scientists from forty nations.

Toward human organ printing: Charleston Bioprinting Symposium.

PubMed

Mironov, Vladimir

2006-01-01

The First Annual Charleston Bioprinting Symposium was organized by the Bioprinting Research Center of the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and convened July 21, 2006, in Charleston, South Carolina. In broad terms, bioprinting is the application of rapid prototyping technology to the biomedical field. More specifically, it is defined as the layer by layer deposition of biologically relevant material. The 2006 Symposium included four sessions: Computer-aided design and Bioprinting, Bioprinting Technologies; Hydrogel for Bioprinting and, finally, a special session devoted to ongoing research projects at the MUSC Bioprinting Research Center. The Symposium highlight was the presentation of the multidisciplinary Charleston Bioengineered Kidney Project. This symposium demonstrated that bioprinting or robotic biofabrication is one of the most exciting and fast-emerging branches in the tissue engineering field. Robotic biofabrication will eventually lead to industrial production of living human organs suitable for clinical transplantation. The symposium demonstrated that although there are still many technological challenges, organ printing is a rapidly evolving feasible technology.

Analyzing the first years of the click it or ticket mobilizations.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-01-01

The Click It or Ticket seat belt enforcement programs conducted between 2000 and 2006 were an important factor in increasing seat belt use nationwide and in virtually all States. This was the case for observed belt use, belt use in fatalities, and se...

Understanding Mircrobial Sensing in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using Click Chemistry

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-10-01

limitation, we have developed an expanded metabolic labeling approach that chemically tags lipopolysaccharide, capsular polysaccharide , and peptidoglycan...click-chemistry, bacterial cell wall, bacterial outer membrane, peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide, endotoxin, capsular polysaccharide , inflammatory...bacterial outer membrane, peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide, endotoxin, capsular polysaccharide , inflammatory bowel disease, microbiome, microbiota

Thermodynamics and kinetics of DNA nanotube polymerization from single-filament measurements† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53331j Click here for additional data file. Click here for additional data file. Click here for additional data file. Click here for additional data file. Click here for additional data file.

PubMed Central

Hariadi, Rizal F.; Yurke, Bernard

2015-01-01

DNA nanotubes provide a programmable architecture for molecular self-assembly and can serve as model systems for one-dimensional biomolecular assemblies. While a variety of DNA nanotubes have been synthesized and employed as models for natural biopolymers, an extensive investigation of DNA nanotube kinetics and thermodynamics has been lacking. Using total internal reflection microscopy, DNA nanotube polymerization was monitored in real time at the single filament level over a wide range of free monomer concentrations and temperatures. The measured polymerization rates were subjected to a global nonlinear fit based on polymerization theory in order to simultaneously extract kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. For the DNA nanotubes used in this study, the association rate constant is (5.99 ± 0.15) × 105 M–1 s–1, the enthalpy is 87.9 ± 2.0 kcal mol–1, and the entropy is 0.252 ± 0.006 kcal mol–1 K–1. The qualitative and quantitative similarities between the kinetics of DNA nanotubes, actin filaments, and microtubules polymerization highlight the prospect of building complex dynamic systems from DNA molecules inspired by biological architecture. PMID:29308139

Neural coding of repetitive clicks in the medial geniculate body of cat.

PubMed

Rouiller, E; de Ribaupierre, Y; Toros-Morel, A; de Ribaupierre, F

1981-09-01

The activity of 418 medial geniculate body (MGB) units was studied in response to repetitive acoustic pulses in 35 nitrous oxide anaesthetized cats. The proportion of MGB neurons insensitive to repetitive clicks was close to 30%. On the basis of their pattern of discharge, the responsive units were divided into three categories. The majority of them (71%), classified as "lockers', showed discharges precisely time-locked to the individual clicks of the train. A few units (8%), called "groupers', had discharges loosely synchronized to low-rate repetitive clicks. When the spikes were not synchronized, the cell had transient or sustained responses for a limited frequency range and was classified as a "special responder' (21%). Responses of "lockers' were time-locked up to a limiting rate, which varied between 10 and 800 Hz; half of the "lockers' had a limiting rate of locking equal to or higher than 100 Hz. The degree of entrainment, defined as the probability that each click evokes at least one spike, regularly decreases for increasing rates; on the other hand, the precision of locking increasing increases with frequency. The time jitter observed at 100 Hz might be as small as 0.2 ms and was 1.2 ms on average. The population of "lockers' can mark with precision the transients of complex sounds and has response properties still compatible with a temporal coding of the fundamental frequency of most animal vocalizations.

Injectable dextran hydrogels fabricated by metal-free click chemistry for cartilage tissue engineering.

PubMed

Wang, Xiaoyu; Li, Zihan; Shi, Ting; Zhao, Peng; An, Kangkang; Lin, Chao; Liu, Hongwei

2017-04-01

Injectable dextran-based hydrogels were prepared for the first time by bioorthogonal click chemistry for cartilage tissue engineering. Click-crosslinked injectable hydrogels based on cyto-compatible dextran (Mw=10kDa) were successfully fabricated under physiological conditions by metal-free alkyne-azide cycloaddition (click) reaction between azadibenzocyclooctyne-modified dextran (Dex-ADIBO) and azide-modified dextran (Dex-N 3 ). Gelation time of these dextran hydrogels could be regulated in the range of approximately 1.1 to 10.2min, depending on the polymer concentrations (5% or 10%) and ADIBO substitution degree (DS, 5 or 10) of Dex-ADIBO. Rheological analysis indicated that the dextran hydrogels were elastic and had storage moduli from 2.1 to 6.0kPa with increasing DS of ADIBO from 5 to 10. The in vitro tests revealed that the dextran hydrogel crosslinked from Dex-ADIBO DS 10 and Dex-N 3 DS 10 at a polymer concentration of 10% could support high viability of individual rabbit chondrocytes and the chondrocyte spheroids encapsulated in the hydrogel over 21days. Individual chondrocytes and chondrocyte spheroids in the hydrogel could produce cartilage matrices such as collagen and glycosaminoglycans. However, the chondrocyte spheroids produced a higher content of matrices than individual chondrocytes. This study indicates that metal-free click chemistry is effective to produce injectable dextran hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

One-pot reaction for the preparation of biofunctionalized self-assembled monolayers on gold surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raigoza, Annette F.; Fies, Whitney; Lim, Amber; Onyirioha, Kristeen; Webb, Lauren J.

2017-02-01

The Huisgen cycloaddition reaction (;click; chemistry) has been used extensively to functionalize surfaces with macromolecules in a straightforward manner. We have previously developed a procedure using the copper(I)-catalyzed click reaction to tether synthetic α-helical peptides carrying two alkyne groups to a well-ordered azide-terminated alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a Au(111) surface. While convenient, click-based strategies potentially pose significant problems from reagents, solvents, and reaction temperatures that may irreversibly damage some molecules or substrates. Tuning click chemistry conditions would allow individual optimization of reaction conditions for a wide variety of biomolecules and substrate materials. Here, we explore the utility of simultaneous SAM formation and peptide-attachment chemistry in a one-pot reaction. We demonstrate that a formerly multistep reaction can be successfully carried out concurrently by mixing azide-terminated alkanethiols, CuCl, and a propargylglycine-containing peptide over a bare gold surface in ethanol and reacting at 70 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface infrared spectroscopy, surface circular dichroic (CD) spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) were used to determine that this one-pot reaction strategy resulted in a high density of surface-bound α-helices without aggregation. This work demonstrates the simplicity and versatility of a SAM-plus-click chemistry strategy for functionalizing Au surfaces with structured biomolecules.

Echolocation clicks of free-ranging Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zimmer, Walter M. X.; Johnson, Mark P.; Madsen, Peter T.; Tyack, Peter L.

2005-06-01

Strandings of beaked whales of the genera Ziphius and Mesoplodon have been reported to occur in conjunction with naval sonar use. Detection of the sounds from these elusive whales could reduce the risk of exposure, but descriptions of their vocalizations are at best incomplete. This paper reports quantitative characteristics of clicks from deep-diving Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) using a unique data set. Two whales in the Ligurian Sea were simultaneously tagged with sound and orientation recording tags, and the dive tracks were reconstructed allowing for derivation of the range and relative aspect between the clicking whales. At depth, the whales produced trains of regular echolocation clicks with mean interclick intervals of 0.43 s (+/-0.09) and 0.40 s (+/-0.07). The clicks are frequency modulated pulses with durations of ~200 μs and center frequencies around 42 kHz, -10 dB bandwidths of 22 kHz, and Q3 dB of 4. The sound beam is narrow with an estimated directionality index of more than 25 dB, source levels up to 214 dBpp re: 1 μPa at 1 m, and energy flux density of 164 dB re: 1 μPa2 s. As the spectral and temporal properties are different from those of nonziphiid odontocetes the potential for passive detection is enhanced. .

One-step fabrication of PEGylated fluorescent nanodiamonds through the thiol-ene click reaction and their potential for biological imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Hongye; Liu, Meiying; Tuo, Xun; Chen, Junyu; Mao, Liucheng; Wen, Yuanqing; Tian, Jianwen; Zhou, Naigen; Zhang, Xiaoyong; Wei, Yen

2018-05-01

Over the past years, fluorescent carbon nanoparticles have got growing interest for biological imaging. Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are novel fluorescent carbon nanoparticles with multitudinous useful properties, including remarkable fluorescence properties, extremely low toxicity and high refractive index. However, facile preparation of FNDs with designable properties and functions from non-fluorescent detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) has demonstrated to be challengeable. In this work, we reported for the first time that preparation of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) functionalized FNDs through a one-step thiol-ene click reaction using thiol containing PEG (PEG-SH) as the coating agent. Based on the characterization results, we demonstrated that PEG-SH could be efficiently introduced on DNDs to obtain FNDs through the thiol-ene click chemistry. The resultant FND-PEG composites showed high water dispersibility, strong fluorescence and low cytotoxicity. Moreover, FND-PEG composites could be internalized by cells and displayed good cell dyeing performance. All of these features implied that FND-PEG composites are of great potential for biological imaging. Taken together, a facile one-step strategy based on the one-step thiol-ene click reaction has been developed for efficient preparation of FND-PEG composites from non-fluorescent DNDs. The strategy should be also useful for fabrication of many other functional FNDs via using different thiol containing compounds for the universality of thiol-ene click reaction.

Comparison Study of Two Differently Clicked 18F-Folates—Lipophilicity Plays a Key Role

PubMed Central

Kettenbach, Kathrin; Reffert, Laura M.; Schieferstein, Hanno; Pektor, Stefanie; Eckert, Raphael; Miederer, Matthias; Rösch, Frank

2018-01-01

Within the last decade, several folate-based radiopharmaceuticals for Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) have been evaluated; however, there is still a lack of suitable 18F-folates for clinical PET imaging. Herein, we report the synthesis and evaluation of two novel 18F-folates employing strain-promoted and copper-catalyzed click chemistry. Furthermore, the influence of both click-methods on lipophilicity and pharmacokinetics of the 18F-folates was investigated. 18F-Ala-folate and 18F-DBCO-folate were both stable in human serum albumin. In vitro studies proved their high affinity to the folate receptor (FR). The lipophilic character of the strain-promoted clicked 18F-DBCO-folate (logD = 0.6) contributed to a higher non-specific binding in cell internalization studies. In the following in vivo PET imaging studies, FR-positive tumors could not be visualized in a maximum intensity projection images. Compared with 18F-DBCO-folate, 18F-Ala-folate (logD = −1.4), synthesized by the copper-catalyzed click reaction, exhibited reduced lipophilicity, and as a result an improved in vivo performance and a clear-cut visualization of FR-positive tumors. In view of high radiochemical yield, radiochemical purity and favorable pharmacokinetics, 18F-Ala-folate is expected to be a promising candidate for FR-PET imaging. PMID:29562610

Design of a thermally controlled sequence of triazolinedione-based click and transclick reactions† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Additional figures, experimental details, synthesis and analysis of all the model compounds and polymers, computational methods and relevant theoretical data. See DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00119c Click here for additional data file.

PubMed Central

Houck, Hannes A.; De Bruycker, Kevin; Billiet, Stijn; Dhanis, Bastiaan; Goossens, Hannelore; Catak, Saron; Van Speybroeck, Veronique

2017-01-01

The reaction of triazolinediones (TADs) and indoles is of particular interest for polymer chemistry applications, as it is a very fast and irreversible additive-free process at room temperature, but can be turned into a dynamic covalent bond forming process at elevated temperatures, giving a reliable bond exchange or ‘transclick’ reaction. In this paper, we report an in-depth study aimed at controlling the TAD–indole reversible click reactions through rational design of modified indole reaction partners. This has resulted in the identification of a novel class of easily accessible indole derivatives that give dynamic TAD-adduct formation at significantly lower temperatures. We further demonstrate that these new substrates can be used to design a directed cascade of click reactions of a functionalized TAD moiety from an initial indole reaction partner to a second indole, and finally to an irreversible reaction partner. This controlled sequence of click and transclick reactions of a single TAD reagent between three different substrates has been demonstrated both on small molecule and macromolecular level, and the factors that control the reversibility profiles have been rationalized and guided by mechanistic considerations supported by theoretical calculations. PMID:28507685

GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH NEWS #18: SYMPOSIUM SESSION ON "GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC CHANGE"

EPA Science Inventory

A session on "Understanding and Managing Effects of Global Atmospheric Change" will be held at the Fifth Symposium of the U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory. The Symposium topic is "Indicators in Health and Ecological Risk Assessment." The s...

Instructional Technology. Symposium 18. [Concurrent Symposium Session at AHRD Annual Conference, 2000.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

2000

Three presentations are provided from Symposium 18, Instructional Technology, of the Academy of Human Resource Development (HRD) 2000 Conference Proceedings. "Strategies for Facilitating Interaction When Using Technology-Mediated Training Methods [TMTM]" (Jeffrey S. Lewis, Gary D. Geroy, Orlando Griego) focuses on differences between…

The 1987 Get Away Special Experimenter's Symposium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barthelme, Neal (Editor); Mosier, Frances L. (Editor)

1988-01-01

The 1987 Get Away Special (GAS) Experimenter's symposium provides a formal opportunity for GAS Experimenter's to share the results of their projects. The focus of this symposium was on payloads that were flown on Shuttle missions, and on GAS payloads that will be flown in the future.

PROCEEDINGS: THE 1995 SYMPOSIUM ON GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND MITIGATION RESEARCH

EPA Science Inventory

The report documents the 1995 Symposium on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Research, sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division (EPA/APPCD), in Washington, DC on June 27-29, 1995. The symposium provided a forum of...

Workforce Diversity. Symposium 14. [Concurrent Symposium Session at AHRD Annual Conference, 2000.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

2000

Three presentations are provided from Symposium 14, Workforce Diversity, of the Academy of Human Resource Development (HRD) 2000 Conference Proceedings. "Cross-Organizational vs. Localized Participation: A Case Study on Workplace Diversity Dialogues Implementation" (Martin B. Kormanik, Daniel A. Krieger, Timothy E. Tilghman) compares…

STATIONARY COMBUSTION NOX CONTROL: A SUMMARY OF THE 1991 SYMPOSIUM

EPA Science Inventory

The 1991 Symposium on Stationary Combustion NOX Control was held March 25-28,1991 in Washington, DC. The sixth meeting in a biennial series, the Symposium was cosponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Approxima...

Persuasive Writing and the Student-Run Symposium

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mayer, James C.

2007-01-01

High school teacher James C. Mayer explains how a student-run symposium can promote "risk-taking and participation" and help students practice effective persuasion skills before demonstrating them in writing. The symposium places students in roles that encourage responsibility and ownership for discussion and learning, shifting the classroom…

Productivity and Employment: The 1988 International Symposium.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brand, Horst

1988-01-01

The author summarizes the International Productivity Symposium, "Productivity and Employment," held in Washington, D.C., in April 1988. This symposium dealt with such topics as (1) preparing for a changing economy, (2) employment effects of productivity growth, (3) worker participation in decisions about work processes and organization,…

Management Development. Symposium 15. [Concurrent Symposium Session at AHRD Annual Conference, 2000.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

2000

Three presentations are provided from Symposium 15, Management Development, of the Academy of Human Resource Development (HRD) 2000 Conference Proceedings. "Conceptualizing Global Leadership from Multiple Perspectives: An Analysis of Behavioral Ratings" (Allan H. Church) examines the underlying nature of global leadership behavior using…

78 FR 26575 - Gross Combination Weight Rating; Definition

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-07

... ``Rules,'' insert ``FMCSA-2012-0156'' in the ``Keyword'' box, and click ``Search.'' When the new screen... side of the screen. Then, in the ``Keyword'' box insert ``FMCSA-2012-0156'' and click ``Search.'' Next... you provide. Anyone is able to search the electronic form of all comments received into any of our...

GEONETCast Americas - Architecture

Science.gov Websites

FengYunCast covers Asia. See the following picture for a global view of the planned GEONETCast satellite participants. (Click drawing to enlarge) Map of world showing satellite size required to receive GEONETCast Americas according to location Satellite dish size required, according to location. (Click drawing to

"Just Clicks": An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis of Professional Dancers' Experience of Flow

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hefferon, Kate M.; Ollis, Stewart

2006-01-01

The subjective experience of flow in professional dancers was analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). Flow is believed to be a psychological state in which the mind and body "just click", creating optimal performance. Unfortunately, sport and performance research have severely neglected reviewing the flow experience in…