Sample records for climate change international
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Global climate change and international security.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Karas, Thomas H.
2003-11-01
This report originates in a workshop held at Sandia National Laboratories, bringing together a variety of external experts with Sandia personnel to discuss 'The Implications of Global Climate Change for International Security.' Whatever the future of the current global warming trend, paleoclimatic history shows that climate change happens, sometimes abruptly. These changes can severely impact human water supplies, agriculture, migration patterns, infrastructure, financial flows, disease prevalence, and economic activity. Those impacts, in turn, can lead to national or international security problems stemming from aggravation of internal conflicts, increased poverty and inequality, exacerbation of existing international conflicts, diversion of national andmore » international resources from international security programs (military or non-military), contribution to global economic decline or collapse, or international realignments based on climate change mitigation policies. After reviewing these potential problems, the report concludes with a brief listing of some research, technology, and policy measures that might mitigate them.« less
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Dodo, Mahamat K
2014-01-01
Climate Change like many global problems nowadays is recognized as a threat to the international security and cooperation. In theoretical terms, it is being securitized and included in the traditional security studies. Climate change and its accompanying environmental degradation are perceived to be a threat that can have incalculable consequences on the international community. The consequences are said to have more effects in small island developing nations and Africa where many States are fragile and overwhelmed with mounting challenges. In recent years, the security implications of the climate change are being addressed from national, regional and multilateral level. Against this backdrop, this paper intends to contribute to the debate on climate change and international security and present a broader perspective on the discussion. The paper will draw from the EU-Africa partnership on climate change and is structured as follows: the first part introduces the background of the international climate change policy and its securitization, the second part covers the EU-Africa relations and EU-Africa partnership on climate change, and the third part discusses the Congo Basin Forest Partnership as a concrete example of EU-Africa Partnership on Climate Change. Lastly, the paper concludes by drawing some conclusions and offers some policy perspectives and recommendations. Q54; 055; 052; 01;
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The role of internal climate variability for interpreting climate change scenarios
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Maraun, Douglas
2013-04-01
When communicating information on climate change, the use of multi-model ensembles has been advocated to sample uncertainties over a range as wide as possible. To meet the demand for easily accessible results, the ensemble is often summarised by its multi-model mean signal. In rare cases, additional uncertainty measures are given to avoid loosing all information on the ensemble spread, e.g., the highest and lowest projected values. Such approaches, however, disregard the fundamentally different nature of the different types of uncertainties and might cause wrong interpretations and subsequently wrong decisions for adaptation. Whereas scenario and climate model uncertainties are of epistemic nature, i.e., caused by an in principle reducible lack of knowledge, uncertainties due to internal climate variability are aleatory, i.e., inherently stochastic and irreducible. As wisely stated in the proverb "climate is what you expect, weather is what you get", a specific region will experience one stochastic realisation of the climate system, but never exactly the expected climate change signal as given by a multi model mean. Depending on the meteorological variable, region and lead time, the signal might be strong or weak compared to the stochastic component. In cases of a low signal-to-noise ratio, even if the climate change signal is a well defined trend, no trends or even opposite trends might be experienced. Here I propose to use the time of emergence (TOE) to quantify and communicate when climate change trends will exceed the internal variability. The TOE provides a useful measure for end users to assess the time horizon for implementing adaptation measures. Furthermore, internal variability is scale dependent - the more local the scale, the stronger the influence of internal climate variability. Thus investigating the TOE as a function of spatial scale could help to assess the required spatial scale for implementing adaptation measures. I exemplify this proposal with
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The legitimacy of leadership in international climate change negotiations.
Karlsson, Christer; Hjerpe, Mattias; Parker, Charles; Linner, Bjorn-Ola
2012-01-01
Leadeship is an essential ingredient in reaching international agreements and overcoming the collective action problems associated with responding to climate change. In this study, we aim at answering two questions that are crucial for understanding the legitimacy of leadership in international climate change negotiations. Based on the responses of the three consecutive surveys distributed at COPs 14-16, we seek first to chart which actors are actually recognized as leaders by climate change negotiation participants. Second, we aim to explain what motivates COP participants to support different actors as leaders. Both these questions are indeed crucial for understanding the role, importance, and legitimacy of leadership in the international climate change regime. Our results show that the leadership landscape in this issue area is fragmented, with no one clear-cut leader, and strongly suggest that it is imperative for any actor seeking recognition as climate change leader to be perceived as being devoted to promoting the common good.
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Impacts of climate change and internal climate variability on french rivers streamflows
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dayon, Gildas; Boé, Julien; Martin, Eric
2016-04-01
The assessment of the impacts of climate change often requires to set up long chains of modeling, from the model to estimate the future concentration of greenhouse gases to the impact model. Throughout the modeling chain, sources of uncertainty accumulate making the exploitation of results for the development of adaptation strategies difficult. It is proposed here to assess the impacts of climate change on the hydrological cycle over France and the associated uncertainties. The contribution of the uncertainties from greenhouse gases emission scenario, climate models and internal variability are addressed in this work. To have a large ensemble of climate simulations, the study is based on Global Climate Models (GCM) simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Phase 5 (CMIP5), including several simulations from the same GCM to properly assess uncertainties from internal climate variability. Simulations from the four Radiative Concentration Pathway (RCP) are downscaled with a statistical method developed in a previous study (Dayon et al. 2015). The hydrological system Isba-Modcou is then driven by the downscaling results on a 8 km grid over France. Isba is a land surface model that calculates the energy and water balance and Modcou a hydrogeological model that routes the surface runoff given by Isba. Based on that framework, uncertainties uncertainties from greenhouse gases emission scenario, climate models and climate internal variability are evaluated. Their relative importance is described for the next decades and the end of this century. In a last part, uncertainties due to internal climate variability on streamflows simulated with downscaled GCM and Isba-Modcou are evaluated against observations and hydrological reconstructions on the whole 20th century. Hydrological reconstructions are based on the downscaling of recent atmospheric reanalyses of the 20th century and observations of temperature and precipitation. We show that the multi-decadal variability
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Deser, C.
2017-12-01
Natural climate variability occurs over a wide range of time and space scales as a result of processes intrinsic to the atmosphere, the ocean, and their coupled interactions. Such internally generated climate fluctuations pose significant challenges for the identification of externally forced climate signals such as those driven by volcanic eruptions or anthropogenic increases in greenhouse gases. This challenge is exacerbated for regional climate responses evaluated from short (< 50 years) data records. The limited duration of the observations also places strong constraints on how well the spatial and temporal characteristics of natural climate variability are known, especially on multi-decadal time scales. The observational constraints, in turn, pose challenges for evaluation of climate models, including their representation of internal variability and assessing the accuracy of their responses to natural and anthropogenic radiative forcings. A promising new approach to climate model assessment is the advent of large (10-100 member) "initial-condition" ensembles of climate change simulations with individual models. Such ensembles allow for accurate determination, and straightforward separation, of externally forced climate signals and internal climate variability on regional scales. The range of climate trajectories in a given model ensemble results from the fact that each simulation represents a particular sequence of internal variability superimposed upon a common forced response. This makes clear that nature's single realization is only one of many that could have unfolded. This perspective leads to a rethinking of approaches to climate model evaluation that incorporate observational uncertainty due to limited sampling of internal variability. Illustrative examples across a range of well-known climate phenomena including ENSO, volcanic eruptions, and anthropogenic climate change will be discussed.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Aalbers, Emma E.; Lenderink, Geert; van Meijgaard, Erik; van den Hurk, Bart J. J. M.
2018-06-01
High-resolution climate information provided by e.g. regional climate models (RCMs) is valuable for exploring the changing weather under global warming, and assessing the local impact of climate change. While there is generally more confidence in the representativeness of simulated processes at higher resolutions, internal variability of the climate system—`noise', intrinsic to the chaotic nature of atmospheric and oceanic processes—is larger at smaller spatial scales as well, limiting the predictability of the climate signal. To quantify the internal variability and robustly estimate the climate signal, large initial-condition ensembles of climate simulations conducted with a single model provide essential information. We analyze a regional downscaling of a 16-member initial-condition ensemble over western Europe and the Alps at 0.11° resolution, similar to the highest resolution EURO-CORDEX simulations. We examine the strength of the forced climate response (signal) in mean and extreme daily precipitation with respect to noise due to internal variability, and find robust small-scale geographical features in the forced response, indicating regional differences in changes in the probability of events. However, individual ensemble members provide only limited information on the forced climate response, even for high levels of global warming. Although the results are based on a single RCM-GCM chain, we believe that they have general value in providing insight in the fraction of the uncertainty in high-resolution climate information that is irreducible, and can assist in the correct interpretation of fine-scale information in multi-model ensembles in terms of a forced response and noise due to internal variability.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Aalbers, Emma E.; Lenderink, Geert; van Meijgaard, Erik; van den Hurk, Bart J. J. M.
2017-09-01
High-resolution climate information provided by e.g. regional climate models (RCMs) is valuable for exploring the changing weather under global warming, and assessing the local impact of climate change. While there is generally more confidence in the representativeness of simulated processes at higher resolutions, internal variability of the climate system—`noise', intrinsic to the chaotic nature of atmospheric and oceanic processes—is larger at smaller spatial scales as well, limiting the predictability of the climate signal. To quantify the internal variability and robustly estimate the climate signal, large initial-condition ensembles of climate simulations conducted with a single model provide essential information. We analyze a regional downscaling of a 16-member initial-condition ensemble over western Europe and the Alps at 0.11° resolution, similar to the highest resolution EURO-CORDEX simulations. We examine the strength of the forced climate response (signal) in mean and extreme daily precipitation with respect to noise due to internal variability, and find robust small-scale geographical features in the forced response, indicating regional differences in changes in the probability of events. However, individual ensemble members provide only limited information on the forced climate response, even for high levels of global warming. Although the results are based on a single RCM-GCM chain, we believe that they have general value in providing insight in the fraction of the uncertainty in high-resolution climate information that is irreducible, and can assist in the correct interpretation of fine-scale information in multi-model ensembles in terms of a forced response and noise due to internal variability.
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Confluence of climate change policies and international trade
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Vickery, R.E. Jr.
1997-12-31
The paper summarizes market information on energy conservation and renewable energy industries in the U.S., and highlights activities of the International Trade Administration. International treaties agreements on environmental issues are examined with respect to their influence on U.S. trade promotion and job creation. A sectoral analysis of the economic impact of greenhouse gas emissions reductions on industries is very briefly summarized. Finally, the need for a climate change treaty in spite of possible adverse impacts is discussed. 1 tab.
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Fatichi, S; Rimkus, S; Burlando, P; Bordoy, R
2014-09-15
Projections of climate change effects in streamflow are increasingly required to plan water management strategies. These projections are however largely uncertain due to the spread among climate model realizations, internal climate variability, and difficulties in transferring climate model results at the spatial and temporal scales required by catchment hydrology. A combination of a stochastic downscaling methodology and distributed hydrological modeling was used in the ACQWA project to provide projections of future streamflow (up to year 2050) for the upper Po and Rhone basins, respectively located in northern Italy and south-western Switzerland. Results suggest that internal (stochastic) climate variability is a fundamental source of uncertainty, typically comparable or larger than the projected climate change signal. Therefore, climate change effects in streamflow mean, frequency, and seasonality can be masked by natural climatic fluctuations in large parts of the analyzed regions. An exception to the overwhelming role of stochastic variability is represented by high elevation catchments fed by glaciers where streamflow is expected to be considerably reduced due to glacier retreat, with consequences appreciable in the main downstream rivers in August and September. Simulations also identify regions (west upper Rhone and Toce, Ticino river basins) where a strong precipitation increase in the February to April period projects streamflow beyond the range of natural climate variability during the melting season. This study emphasizes the importance of including internal climate variability in climate change analyses, especially when compared to the limited uncertainty that would be accounted for by few deterministic projections. The presented results could be useful in guiding more specific impact studies, although design or management decisions should be better based on reliability and vulnerability criteria as suggested by recent literature. Copyright © 2013
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FOREWORD: International Conference on Planetary Boundary Layer and Climate Change
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Djolov, G.; Esau, I.
2010-05-01
One of the greatest achievements of climate science has been the establisment of the concept of climate change on a multitude of time scales. The Earth's complex climate system does not allow a straightforward interpretation of dependences between the external parameter perturbation, internal stochastic system dynamics and the long-term system response. The latter is usually referred to as climate change in a narrow sense (IPCC, 2007). The focused international conference "Planetary Boundary Layers and Climate Change" has addressed only time scales and dynamical aspects of climate change with possible links to the turbulent processes in the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL). Although limited, the conference topic is by no means singular. One should clearly understand that the PBL is the layer where 99% of biosphere and human activity are concentrated. The PBL is the layer where the energy fluxes, which are followed by changes in cryosphere and other known feedbacks, are maximized. At the same time, the PBL processes are of a naturally small scale. What is the averaged long-term effect of the small-scale processes on the long-term climate dynamics? Can this effect be recognized in existing long-term paleo-climate data records? Can it be modeled? What is the current status of our theoretical understanding of this effect? What is the sensitivity of the climate model projections to the representation of small-scale processes? Are there significant indirect effects, e.g. through transport of chemical components, of the PBL processes on climate? These and other linked questions have been addressed during the conference. The Earth's climate has changed many times during the planet's history, with events ranging from ice ages to long periods of warmth. Historically, natural factors such as the amount of energy released from the Sun, volcanic eruptions and changes in the Earth's orbit have affected the Earth's climate. Beginning late in the 18th century, human activities
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Boyd, Emily; Osbahr, Henny
2010-01-01
Drawing from the organisational learning and governance literature, this paper assesses four internationally networked governmental and non-governmental organisations in the UK addressing climate change. We analyse how those concerned understand the climate change crisis, what mechanisms are put in place to address information flows, and what…
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Survey of International Members of the American Thoracic Society on Climate Change and Health.
Sarfaty, Mona; Kreslake, Jennifer; Ewart, Gary; Guidotti, Tee L; Thurston, George D; Balmes, John R; Maibach, Edward W
2016-10-01
The American Thoracic Society (ATS), in collaboration with George Mason University, surveyed international members of the society to assess perceptions, clinical experiences, and preferred policy responses related to global climate change. A recruitment email was sent by the ATS President in October 2015 to 5,013 international members. Subsequently, four reminder emails were sent to nonrespondents. Responses were received from 489 members in 68 countries; the response rate was 9.8%. Half of respondents reported working in countries in Asia (25%) or Europe (25%), with the remainder in South America (18%), North America (Canada and Mexico) (18%), Australia or New Zealand (9%), and Africa (6%). Survey estimate confidence intervals were ± 5% or smaller. A high percentage of international ATS survey respondents judged that climate change is happening (96%), that it is driven by human activity (70%), and that it is relevant to patient care ("a great deal"/"a moderate amount") (80%). A majority of respondents also indicated they are already observing health impacts of climate change among their patients; most commonly as increases in chronic disease severity from air pollution (88%), allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (72%), and severe weather injuries (69%). An even larger majority anticipated seeing these climate-related health impacts in the next two decades. Respondents further indicated that physicians and physician organizations should play an active role in educating patients, the public, and policy makers on the human health effects of climate change. International ATS respondents, like their counterparts in the U.S., observed that human health is already adversely affected by climate change, and support responses to address this situation.
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Cronin, Thomas M.
2016-01-01
Climate change (including climate variability) refers to regional or global changes in mean climate state or in patterns of climate variability over decades to millions of years often identified using statistical methods and sometimes referred to as changes in long-term weather conditions (IPCC, 2012). Climate is influenced by changes in continent-ocean configurations due to plate tectonic processes, variations in Earth’s orbit, axial tilt and precession, atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, solar variability, volcanism, internal variability resulting from interactions between the atmosphere, oceans and ice (glaciers, small ice caps, ice sheets, and sea ice), and anthropogenic activities such as greenhouse gas emissions and land use and their effects on carbon cycling.
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Domestic and International Climate Migration from Rural Mexico
Nawrotzki, Raphael J.; Runfola, Daniel M.; Hunter, Lori M.; Riosmena, Fernando
2016-01-01
Evidence is increasing that climate change and variability may influence human migration patterns. However, there is less agreement regarding the type of migration streams most strongly impacted. This study tests whether climate change more strongly impacted international compared to domestic migration from rural Mexico during 1986-99. We employ eight temperature and precipitation-based climate change indices linked to detailed migration histories obtained from the Mexican Migration Project. Results from multilevel discrete-time event-history models challenge the assumption that climate-related migration will be predominantly short distance and domestic, but instead show that climate change more strongly impacted international moves from rural Mexico. The stronger climate impact on international migration may be explained by the self-insurance function of international migration, the presence of strong migrant networks, and climate-related changes in wage difference. While a warming in temperature increased international outmigration, higher levels of precipitation declined the odds of an international move. PMID:28439146
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Domestic and International Climate Migration from Rural Mexico.
Nawrotzki, Raphael J; Runfola, Daniel M; Hunter, Lori M; Riosmena, Fernando
2016-12-01
Evidence is increasing that climate change and variability may influence human migration patterns. However, there is less agreement regarding the type of migration streams most strongly impacted. This study tests whether climate change more strongly impacted international compared to domestic migration from rural Mexico during 1986-99. We employ eight temperature and precipitation-based climate change indices linked to detailed migration histories obtained from the Mexican Migration Project. Results from multilevel discrete-time event-history models challenge the assumption that climate-related migration will be predominantly short distance and domestic, but instead show that climate change more strongly impacted international moves from rural Mexico. The stronger climate impact on international migration may be explained by the self-insurance function of international migration, the presence of strong migrant networks, and climate-related changes in wage difference. While a warming in temperature increased international outmigration, higher levels of precipitation declined the odds of an international move.
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Cliquet, A
2014-10-01
The protection and management of protected areas must be adapted to the effects of climate change. An important question is if the law on protected areas is capable of dealing with the required changes. In general, both international nature conventions and European Union nature conservation law do not contain any specific provisions on climate change and protected areas. Attention has been paid to this link in non-binding decisions and policy documents. In order to adapt the law to increased dynamics from climate change, more flexibility is needed. This flexibility should not be understood as "legal" flexibility, in the sense of the weakening nature conservation provisions. Scientific uncertainties on the effects of climate change might conflict with the need for legal certainties. In order to adapt to the effects of climate change, the two crucial elements are the strengthening of core protected areas and connectivity between the core areas. At the international level, both elements can be found in non-binding documents. International law enables the required adaptation; however, it often lacks concrete obligations. A stronger legal framework can be found at the level of the European Union. The Birds and Habitats Directives contain sufficient tools to deal with the effects of climate change. The Directives have been insufficiently implemented so far. Especially the central goals of reaching a favorable conservation status and connectivity measures need to be addressed much more in the future.
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Andersen, Louise K; Davis, Mark D P
2017-03-01
Climate change refers to variation in the climate of a specific region or globally over time. A change has been reported in the epidemiology of tick- and mosquito-borne diseases in recent decades. Investigators have postulated that this effect may be associated with climate change. We reviewed the English-language literature describing changes in the epidemiology of specific tick- and mosquito-borne diseases, including the tick-borne diseases of Lyme disease, tularemia, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Mediterranean spotted fever, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever and the mosquito-borne diseases of dengue, malaria, West Nile virus infection, Ross River virus disease, and Barmah Forest virus disease. We postulate that the changing epidemiology of tick- and mosquito-borne diseases is related to climate change. © 2016 The International Society of Dermatology.
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Research Priorities for NCD Prevention and Climate Change: An International Delphi Survey
Colagiuri, Ruth; Boylan, Sinead; Morrice, Emily
2015-01-01
Climate change and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are arguably the greatest global challenges of the 21st Century. However, the confluence between them remains under-examined and there is little evidence of a comprehensive, systematic approach to identifying research priorities to mitigate their joint impact. Consequently, we: (i) convened a workshop of academics (n = 25) from the Worldwide Universities Network to identify priority areas at the interface between NCDs and climate change; (ii) conducted a Delphi survey of international opinion leaders in public health and relevant other disciplines; and (iii) convened an expert panel to review and advise on final priorities. Three research areas (water security; transport; conceptualising NCD harms to support policy formation) were listed among the top 10 priorities by >90% of Delphi respondents, and ranked among the top 12 priorities by >60% of respondents who ranked the order of priority. A fourth area (reducing the carbon footprint of cities) was ranked highest by the same >60% of respondents. Our results are consistent with existing frameworks on health and climate change, and extends them by focusing specifically on NCDs. Researching these priorities could progress understanding of climate change and NCDs, and inform global and national policy decisions for mitigating associated harms. PMID:26501301
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Research Priorities for NCD Prevention and Climate Change: An International Delphi Survey.
Colagiuri, Ruth; Boylan, Sinead; Morrice, Emily
2015-10-16
Climate change and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are arguably the greatest global challenges of the 21st Century. However, the confluence between them remains under-examined and there is little evidence of a comprehensive, systematic approach to identifying research priorities to mitigate their joint impact. Consequently, we: (i) convened a workshop of academics (n = 25) from the Worldwide Universities Network to identify priority areas at the interface between NCDs and climate change; (ii) conducted a Delphi survey of international opinion leaders in public health and relevant other disciplines; and (iii) convened an expert panel to review and advise on final priorities. Three research areas (water security; transport; conceptualising NCD harms to support policy formation) were listed among the top 10 priorities by >90% of Delphi respondents, and ranked among the top 12 priorities by >60% of respondents who ranked the order of priority. A fourth area (reducing the carbon footprint of cities) was ranked highest by the same >60% of respondents. Our results are consistent with existing frameworks on health and climate change, and extends them by focusing specifically on NCDs. Researching these priorities could progress understanding of climate change and NCDs, and inform global and national policy decisions for mitigating associated harms.
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International Peer Collaboration to Learn about Global Climate Changes
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Korsager, Majken; Slotta, James D.
2015-01-01
Climate change is not local; it is global. This means that many environmental issues related to climate change are not geographically limited and hence concern humans in more than one location. There is a growing body of research indicating that today's increased climate change is caused by human activities and our modern lifestyle. Consequently,…
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Climate Change and the Federal Budget
1998-08-01
in the area of global climate change and to review current federal spending programs and tax policies that relate to climate change . The memorandum...policymakers as they consider options to respond to international proposals for reducing the threat of climate change . In accordance with CBO’s mandate
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The international politics of geoengineering: The feasibility of Plan B for tackling climate change
Corry, Olaf
2017-01-01
Geoengineering technologies aim to make large-scale and deliberate interventions in the climate system possible. A typical framing is that researchers are exploring a ‘Plan B’ in case mitigation fails to avert dangerous climate change. Some options are thought to have the potential to alter the politics of climate change dramatically, yet in evaluating whether they might ultimately reduce climate risks, their political and security implications have so far not been given adequate prominence. This article puts forward what it calls the ‘security hazard’ and argues that this could be a crucial factor in determining whether a technology is able, ultimately, to reduce climate risks. Ideas about global governance of geoengineering rely on heroic assumptions about state rationality and a generally pacific international system. Moreover, if in a climate engineered world weather events become something certain states can be made directly responsible for, this may also negatively affect prospects for ‘Plan A’, i.e. an effective global agreement on mitigation. PMID:29386754
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Molina-Perez, Edmundo
It is widely recognized that international environmental technological change is key to reduce the rapidly rising greenhouse gas emissions of emerging nations. In 2010, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conference of the Parties (COP) agreed to the creation of the Green Climate Fund (GCF). This new multilateral organization has been created with the collective contributions of COP members, and has been tasked with directing over USD 100 billion per year towards investments that can enhance the development and diffusion of clean energy technologies in both advanced and emerging nations (Helm and Pichler, 2015). The landmark agreement arrived at the COP 21 has reaffirmed the key role that the GCF plays in enabling climate mitigation as it is now necessary to align large scale climate financing efforts with the long-term goals agreed at Paris 2015. This study argues that because of the incomplete understanding of the mechanics of international technological change, the multiplicity of policy options and ultimately the presence of climate and technological change deep uncertainty, climate financing institutions such as the GCF, require new analytical methods for designing long-term robust investment plans. Motivated by these challenges, this dissertation shows that the application of new analytical methods, such as Robust Decision Making (RDM) and Exploratory Modeling (Lempert, Popper and Bankes, 2003) to the study of international technological change and climate policy provides useful insights that can be used for designing a robust architecture of international technological cooperation for climate change mitigation. For this study I developed an exploratory dynamic integrated assessment model (EDIAM) which is used as the scenario generator in a large computational experiment. The scope of the experimental design considers an ample set of climate and technological scenarios. These scenarios combine five sources of uncertainty
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Nawrotzki, Raphael J; Bakhtsiyarava, Maryia
2017-05-01
Research often assumes that, in rural areas of developing countries, adverse climatic conditions increase (climate driver mechanism) rather than reduce (climate inhibitor mechanism) migration, and that the impact of climate on migration is moderated by changes in agricultural productivity (agricultural pathway). Using representative census data in combination with high-resolution climate data derived from the novel Terra Populus system, we explore the climate-migration relationship in rural Burkina Faso and Senegal. We construct four threshold-based climate measures to investigate the effect of heat waves, cold snaps, droughts and excessive precipitation on the likelihood of household-level international outmigration. Results from multi-level logit models show that excessive precipitation increases international migration from Senegal while heat waves decrease international mobility in Burkina Faso, providing evidence for the climate inhibitor mechanism. Consistent with the agricultural pathway, interaction models and results from a geographically weighted regression (GWR) reveal a conditional effect of droughts on international outmigration from Senegal, which becomes stronger in areas with high levels of groundnut production. Moreover, climate change effects show a clear seasonal pattern, with the strongest effects appearing when heat waves overlap with the growing season and when excessive precipitation occurs prior to the growing season.
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Nawrotzki, Raphael J.; Bakhtsiyarava, Maryia
2016-01-01
Research often assumes that, in rural areas of developing countries, adverse climatic conditions increase (climate driver mechanism) rather than reduce (climate inhibitor mechanism) migration, and that the impact of climate on migration is moderated by changes in agricultural productivity (agricultural pathway). Using representative census data in combination with high-resolution climate data derived from the novel Terra Populus system, we explore the climate-migration relationship in rural Burkina Faso and Senegal. We construct four threshold-based climate measures to investigate the effect of heat waves, cold snaps, droughts and excessive precipitation on the likelihood of household-level international outmigration. Results from multi-level logit models show that excessive precipitation increases international migration from Senegal while heat waves decrease international mobility in Burkina Faso, providing evidence for the climate inhibitor mechanism. Consistent with the agricultural pathway, interaction models and results from a geographically weighted regression (GWR) reveal a conditional effect of droughts on international outmigration from Senegal, which becomes stronger in areas with high levels of groundnut production. Moreover, climate change effects show a clear seasonal pattern, with the strongest effects appearing when heat waves overlap with the growing season and when excessive precipitation occurs prior to the growing season. PMID:28943813
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An Interface between Law and Science: The Climate Change Regime
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kuleshov, Y.; Grandbois, M.; Kaniaha, S.
2012-04-01
Law and Science are jointly building the international climate change regime. Up to date, international law and climate science have been unable to take into consideration both regional law and Pacific climate science in this process. Under the International Climate Change Adaptation Initiative (the Australian Government Initiative to assist with high priority climate adaptation needs in vulnerable countries in the Asia-Pacific region) significant efforts were dedicated to improve understanding of climate in the Pacific through the Pacific Climate Change Science Program (PCCSP) and through the Pacific Adaptation Strategy Assistance Program (PASAP). The first comprehensive PCCSP scientific report on the South Pacific climate has been published in 2011. Under the PASAP, web-based information tools for seasonal climate prediction have been developed and now outputs from dynamical climate model are used in 15 countries of the North-West and South Pacific for enhanced prediction of rainfall, air and sea surface temperatures which reduces countries' vulnerability to climate variability in the context of a changing climate. On a regional scale, the Meteorological and Geohazards Department of Vanuatu is preparing a full report on Climate change impacts on the country. These scientific reports and tools could lead to a better understanding of climate change in the South Pacific and to a better understanding of climate change science, for lawyers and policy-makers. The International climate change regime develops itself according to science findings, and at the pace of the four scientific reports issued by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In return, Law is a contributing factor to climate change, a structural data in the development and perception of environmental issues and it exerts an influence on Science. Because of the dependency of law on science, the PCCSP and PASAP outcomes will also stimulate and orientate developments in law of the Pacific
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Oakley, K. V.; Gurney, R. J.
2014-12-01
Successful communication and collaboration entails mutual understanding, and transfer, of information. The risk of misunderstanding and/or miscommunication between collaborating groups is tackled in different ways around the globe; some are well documented whereas others may be unknown outside particular groups, whether defined geographically or by specialism. For example; in some countries legally binding contracts define the terms of collaboration. Some regions place greater emphasis on developing trust relationships, and sometimes an official agreement is implied, such as many electronic data transfers on the web. International collaboration on climate change increasingly involves electronic data exchange (e.g. open access publications, shared documents, data repositories etc.) and with this increased reliance on electronic data a need has arisen for scientists to collaborate both internationally and cross-disciplinarily particularly with information technology and data management specialists. Trust of data and metadata on the internet (e.g. privacy, legitimacy etc.) varies, possibly due to a lack of internationally agreed standards for data governance and management, leaving many national, regional and institutional practices tailored to the needs of that group only. It is proposed that building trust relationships between cross-disciplinary and international groups could help facilitate further communication, understanding and benefits from the relationship, while still maintaining independence as separate groups. Complex international cross-disciplinary group relationship dynamics are not easily mapped and producing a set of trust building rules that can be applied to any current and future collaboration with equal validity may be unfeasible. An alternative to such a set of rules may be found in a Trust Manager, whose role is to improve mutually beneficial knowledge exchange between groups, build trust and increase future collaborative potential. This
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Beggs, Paul John
2014-01-01
Anthropogenic climate change is inherently a biometeorological issue. As such, it would be reasonably expected that the International Society of Biometeorology (ISB) and its journal, International Journal of Biometeorology (IJB), would have had climate change feature prominently in their activities, articles etc., and to therefore have made a substantial and valuable contribution to the science of the issue. This article presents an analysis of climate change science in ISB and IJB. The analysis focusses on climate-change-related publications by ISB Presidents found through searches of Thomson Reuters Web of Science; contributions to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC's) Working Group II (WGII) by ISB Presidents; and climate change-related publications in IJB found through searches of Thomson Reuters Web of Science. The results demonstrate that the ISB, as represented by its recent, current, and future Presidents, is actively engaged in climate change research and the production of scholarly climate change publications. For example, ISB Presidents have contributed as authors to all four IPCC WGII Assessment Reports, with some Presidents having contributed to more than one Assessment Report or several chapters of the one report. Similarly, it is evident that the IJB is increasingly attracting and publishing climate-change-related articles, with such articles generally having greater impact (as indicated by citations) than other IJB articles. Opportunities for the ISB to provide an internal framework for, and showcase, its climate change work are described. Such opportunities, if enacted, would complement the recent creation of two IJB climate change Field Editor positions.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Beggs, Paul John
2014-01-01
Anthropogenic climate change is inherently a biometeorological issue. As such, it would be reasonably expected that the International Society of Biometeorology (ISB) and its journal, International Journal of Biometeorology ( IJB), would have had climate change feature prominently in their activities, articles etc., and to therefore have made a substantial and valuable contribution to the science of the issue. This article presents an analysis of climate change science in ISB and IJB. The analysis focusses on climate-change-related publications by ISB Presidents found through searches of Thomson Reuters Web of Science; contributions to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC's) Working Group II (WGII) by ISB Presidents; and climate change-related publications in IJB found through searches of Thomson Reuters Web of Science. The results demonstrate that the ISB, as represented by its recent, current, and future Presidents, is actively engaged in climate change research and the production of scholarly climate change publications. For example, ISB Presidents have contributed as authors to all four IPCC WGII Assessment Reports, with some Presidents having contributed to more than one Assessment Report or several chapters of the one report. Similarly, it is evident that the IJB is increasingly attracting and publishing climate-change-related articles, with such articles generally having greater impact (as indicated by citations) than other IJB articles. Opportunities for the ISB to provide an internal framework for, and showcase, its climate change work are described. Such opportunities, if enacted, would complement the recent creation of two IJB climate change Field Editor positions.
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A global conservation system for climate-change adaptation.
Hannah, Lee
2010-02-01
Climate change has created the need for a new strategic framework for conservation. This framework needs to include new protected areas that account for species range shifts and management that addresses large-scale change across international borders. Actions within the framework must be effective in international waters and across political frontiers and have the ability to accommodate large income and ability-to-pay discrepancies between countries. A global protected-area system responds to these needs. A fully implemented global system of protected areas will help in the transition to a new conservation paradigm robust to climate change and will ensure the integrity of the climate services provided by carbon sequestration from the world's natural habitats. The internationally coordinated response to climate change afforded by such a system could have significant cost savings relative to a system of climate adaptation that unfolds solely at a country level. Implementation of a global system is needed very soon because the effects of climate change on species and ecosystems are already well underway.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lefèvre, Roger-Alexandre
2017-04-01
Cultural Heritage is the core of civilization and mankind and contributes substantially to quality of life. Its preservation for its historical value and aesthetics, for its conservation and transmission, must be one of the paramount preoccupations of each citizen and institution. It is therefore fundamental to guard against a major evolution of our planet that is increasing and harmful for all the materials: climate imbalance. The tangible Cultural Heritage, often in an urban environment, is threatened both by extreme climate events, relatively short but recurrent, and by slow, insidious and continuous ones, often in relationship with pollution. The main climate factor at global scale - a general increase of mean temperatures leading to sea level rise - will have direct and indirect consequences on Cultural Heritage. The other climate threats (rain, relative humidity, solar radiation, drought, wind, floods…) and pollution (by gases and particles) will have specific effects on materials of Cultural Heritage, both outdoors (façades of monuments, historical centres of cities, open-air statues, cultural landscapes…) and indoors (museums, libraries, reserves, collections…). Since the 1st International Workshop on « Climate Change and Cultural Heritage » held at the European University Centre for Cultural Heritage in Ravello in May 2009, three important events appeared: • The publication in 2014 of the 5th IPCC Assessment Report. For the first time the Cultural Heritage was cited in an IPCC Report. • The holding in 2015 in Paris of the COP21. Some round-tables were organised during this conference concerning the Cultural Heritage. • The holding the same year in Paris of the International Scientific Conference "Our Common Future under Climate Change" in the frame and ahead of the COP21. Cultural Heritage was the topic of a special session at this important conference. During the last decade, the European scientific community was focused on the Threats and
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Capturing Tweets on Climate Change: What is the role of Twitter in Climate Change Communication?
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ngo, A. M.; McNeal, K.; Luginbuhl, S.; Enteen, J.
2015-12-01
Climate change is a major environmental issue that is often discussed throughout the world using social media outlets such as Twitter. This research followed and collected tweets about climate change as they related to two events: (i) the June 18, 2015 release of the Encyclical by Pope Francis which included content about climate change and (ii) the upcoming COP21 conference, a United Nations climate change conference, to be held on Dec. 7-8, 2015 in Paris. Using a Twitter account and Ncapture we were able to collect tens of thousands of climate change related tweets that were then loaded into a program called Nvivo which stored the tweets and associated publically available user information. We followed a few major hashtags such as COP21, UNFCCC, @climate, and the Pope. We examined twitter users, the information sources, locations, number of re-tweets, and frequency of tweets as well as the category of the tweet in regard to positive, negative, and neutral positions about climate. Frequency analysis of tweets over a 10 day period of the Encyclical event showed that ~200 tweets per day were made prior to the event, with ~1000 made on the day of the event, and ~100 per day following the event. For the COP21 event, activity ranged from 2000-3000 tweets per day. For the Encyclical event, an analysis of 1100 tweets on the day of release indicated that 47% of the tweets had a positive perspective about climate change, 50% were neutral, 1% negative, and 2% were unclear. For the COP21 event, an analysis of 342 tweets randomly sampled from 31,721 tweets, showed that 53% of the tweets had a positive perspective about climate change, 12% were neutral, 13% negative, and 22% were unclear. Differences in the frequency and perspectives of tweets were likely due to the nature of the events, one a long-term and recurring international event and the other a single international religious-oriented event. We tabulated the top 10 tweets about climate change as they relate to these two
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Should the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change recognize climate migrants?
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gibb, Christine; Ford, James
2012-12-01
Climate change is expected to increase migration flows, especially from socially and environmentally vulnerable populations. These ‘climate migrants’ do not have any official protection under international law, which has implications for the human security of migrants. This work argues that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) can and should recognize climate migrants, and is the most relevant international framework for doing so. While not legally binding, the acknowledgment of climate displacement, migration and planned relocation issues in the UNFCCC’s Cancun Adaptation Framework indicates a willingness to address the issue through an adaptation lens. Herein, the paper proposes a framework for setting the institutional groundwork for recognizing climate migrants, focusing on the most vulnerable, promoting targeted research and policy agendas, and situating policies within a comprehensive strategy.
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Regaining momentum for international climate policy beyond Copenhagen
2010-01-01
The 'Copenhagen Accord' fails to deliver the political framework for a fair, ambitious and legally-binding international climate agreement beyond 2012. The current climate policy regime dynamics are insufficient to reflect the realities of topical complexity, actor coalitions, as well as financial, legal and institutional challenges in the light of extreme time constraints to avoid 'dangerous' climate change of more than 2°C. In this paper we analyze these stumbling blocks for international climate policy and discuss alternatives in order to regain momentum for future negotiations. PMID:20525341
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Climate change effects on international stability : a white paper.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Murphy, Kathryn; Taylor, Mark A.; Fujii, Joy
2004-12-01
This white paper represents a summary of work intended to lay the foundation for development of a climatological/agent model of climate-induced conflict. The paper combines several loosely-coupled efforts and is the final report for a four-month late-start Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project funded by the Advanced Concepts Group (ACG). The project involved contributions by many participants having diverse areas of expertise, with the common goal of learning how to tie together the physical and human causes and consequences of climate change. We performed a review of relevant literature on conflict arising from environmental scarcity. Rather than simply reviewingmore » the previous work, we actively collected data from the referenced sources, reproduced some of the work, and explored alternative models. We used the unfolding crisis in Darfur (western Sudan) as a case study of conflict related to or triggered by climate change, and as an exercise for developing a preliminary concept map. We also outlined a plan for implementing agents in a climate model and defined a logical progression toward the ultimate goal of running both types of models simultaneously in a two-way feedback mode, where the behavior of agents influences the climate and climate change affects the agents. Finally, we offer some ''lessons learned'' in attempting to keep a diverse and geographically dispersed group working together by using Web-based collaborative tools.« less
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Topical Collection: Climate-change research by early-career hydrogeologists
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Re, Viviana; Maldaner, Carlos H.; Gurdak, Jason J.; Leblanc, Marc; Resende, Tales Carvalho; Stigter, Tibor Y.
2018-05-01
Scientific outreach, international networking, collaboration and adequate courses are needed in both developed and developing countries to enable early-career hydrogeologists to promote long-term multidisciplinary approaches to cope with climate-change issues and emphasize the importance of groundwater in a global strategy for adaptation. One such collaboration has involved the Early Career Hydrogeologists' Network of the International Association of Hydrogeologists (ECHN-IAH) and the UNESCO International Hydrological Programme's (IHP) Groundwater Resources Assessment under the Pressures of Humanity and Climate Changes (GRAPHIC) project. This collaboration seeks to foster the education and involvement of the future generation of water leaders in the debate over groundwater and climate change.
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Introduction to Federal and EPA Climate Change Web Resources
Presentation provides an overview of four climate data and tool websites: the US Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) and Climate Resilience Toolkit (interagency websites); the main EPA climate change website; and the internal EPA Adaptation Resource Center website.
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Role of internal variability in recent decadal to multidecadal tropical Pacific climate changes
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bordbar, Mohammad Hadi; Martin, Thomas; Latif, Mojib; Park, Wonsun
2017-05-01
While the Earth's surface has considerably warmed over the past two decades, the tropical Pacific has featured a cooling of sea surface temperatures in its eastern and central parts, which went along with an unprecedented strengthening of the equatorial trade winds, the surface component of the Pacific Walker Circulation (PWC). Previous studies show that this decadal trend in the trade winds is generally beyond the range of decadal trends simulated by climate models when forced by historical radiative forcing. There is still a debate on the origin of and the potential role that internal variability may have played in the recent decadal surface wind trend. Using a number of long control (unforced) integrations of global climate models and several observational data sets, we address the question as to whether the recent decadal to multidecadal trends are robustly classified as an unusual event or the persistent response to external forcing. The observed trends in the tropical Pacific surface climate are still within the range of the long-term internal variability spanned by the models but represent an extreme realization of this variability. Thus, the recent observed decadal trends in the tropical Pacific, though highly unusual, could be of natural origin. We note that the long-term trends in the selected PWC indices exhibit a large observational uncertainty, even hindering definitive statements about the sign of the trends.
Plain Language SummaryWhile the Earth's surface has considerably warmed over the past two decades, the tropical Pacific has featured a cooling of sea surface temperatures in its eastern and central parts, which went along with an unprecedented strengthening of the equatorial trade winds. Here we show that <span class="hlt">climate</span> models simulate a high level of <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability, so that the recent <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the tropical Pacific could still be due to natural processes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/543230','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/543230"><span>Global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: A strategic issue facing Illinois</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Womeldorff, P.J.</p> <p>1995-12-31</p> <p>This paper discusses global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, summarizes activities related to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and identifies possible outcomes of the current debate on the subject. Aspects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> related to economic issues are very briefly summarized; it is suggested that the end result will be a <span class="hlt">change</span> in lifestyle in developed countries. <span class="hlt">International</span> activities, with an emphasis on the Framework Convention on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>, and U.S. activities are outlined. It is recommended that the minimum action required is to work to understand the issue and prepare for possible action.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li class="active"><span>2</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_2 --> <div id="page_3" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li class="active"><span>3</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="41"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PCE....91....1B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PCE....91....1B"><span>Appropriate technology and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bandala, Erick R.; Patiño-Gomez, Carlos</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is emerging as the greatest significant environmental problem for the 21st Century and the most important global challenge faced by human kind. Based on evidence recognized by the <span class="hlt">international</span> scientific community, <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is already an unquestionable reality, whose first effects are beginning to be measured. Available <span class="hlt">climate</span> projections and models can assist in anticipating potential far-reaching consequences for development processes. <span class="hlt">Climatic</span> transformations will impact the environment, biodiversity and water resources, putting several productive processes at risk; and will represent a threat to public health and water availability in quantity and quality.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/documents/fullText/ACC0251.pdf','DOE-RDACC'); return false;" href="http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/documents/fullText/ACC0251.pdf"><span><span class="hlt">International</span> Impacts of Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>: Testimony to House Appropriations Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, Export Financing and Related Programs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/fieldedsearch.html">DOE R&D Accomplishments Database</a></p> <p>Fulkerson, W.; Cushman, R. M.; Marland, G.; Rayner, S.</p> <p>1989-02-21</p> <p><span class="hlt">International</span> impacts of global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> are those for which the important consequences arise because of national sovereignty. Such impacts could be of two types: (1) migrations across national borders of people, of resources (such as agricultural productivity, or surface water, or natural ecosystems), of effluents, or of patterns of commerce; and (2) <span class="hlt">changes</span> to the way nations use and manage their resources, particularly fossil fuels and forests, as a consequence of <span class="hlt">international</span> concern over the global <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Actions by a few resource-dominant nations may affect the fate of all. These two types of <span class="hlt">international</span> impacts raise complex equity issues because one nation may perceive itself as gaining at the expense of its neighbors, or it may perceive itself as a victim of the actions of others.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24605700','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24605700"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and nutrition: creating a <span class="hlt">climate</span> for nutrition security.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tirado, M C; Crahay, P; Mahy, L; Zanev, C; Neira, M; Msangi, S; Brown, R; Scaramella, C; Costa Coitinho, D; Müller, A</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>), and policies and actions formulated by the UN Framework Convention on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (UNFCCC). Improved multi-sectoral coordination and political will is required to integrate nutrition-sensitive actions into <span class="hlt">climate</span>-resilient sustainable development efforts in the UNFCCC work and in the post 2015 development agenda. Placing human rights at the center of strategies to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and <span class="hlt">international</span> solidarity is essential to advance sustainable development and to create a <span class="hlt">climate</span> for nutrition security.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25494955','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25494955"><span>A <span class="hlt">climate</span>-compatible approach to development practice by <span class="hlt">international</span> humanitarian NGOs.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Clarke, Matthew; de Cruz, Ian</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>If current <span class="hlt">climate-change</span> predictions prove accurate, non-linear <span class="hlt">change</span>, including potentially catastrophic <span class="hlt">change</span>, is possible and the environments in which <span class="hlt">international</span> humanitarian NGOs operate will <span class="hlt">change</span> figuratively and literally. This paper proposes that a new approach to development is required that takes <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> into account. This '<span class="hlt">climate</span>-compatible approach' to development is a bleak shift from some of the current orthodox positions and will be a major challenge to <span class="hlt">international</span> humanitarian NGOs working with the most vulnerable. However, it is necessary to address the challenges and context such NGOs face, and the need to be resilient and adaptive to these <span class="hlt">changes</span>. © 2014 The Author(s). Disasters © Overseas Development Institute, 2014.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.U52A..02M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.U52A..02M"><span>U.S. Navy Task Force <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Miller, T.; McBride, B.; St. John, C.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>In May 2009, the Chief of Naval Operations established Task Force <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (TFCC) to develop Navy policy, plans, and recommendations regarding future investments to adapt to the world's <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>. With a near-term focus on the <span class="hlt">changing</span> Arctic ocean and consequent increase in access to the region, TFCC has adopted a science-based approach in collaboration with other U.S. government agencies, <span class="hlt">international</span> partners, industry, and academia. TFCC has developed two roadmaps that provide 5-year action plans for the Navy to address the Arctic and global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Critical elements of both roadmaps are assessments of: (1) current and projected <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, (2) resulting impacts to Naval missions and infrastructure, and (3) associated risks of not taking adaptation actions that are operationally, environmentally, and ecologically sustainable. Through TFCC, the Navy acknowledges the link between <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and national security, and engages in extensive outreach and strategic communication to remain informed on the best <span class="hlt">climate</span> science and promote public understanding and support regarding the Navy's <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> efforts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20712334-avoiding-dangerous-climate-change','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20712334-avoiding-dangerous-climate-change"><span>Avoiding dangerous <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Hans Joachim Schellnhuber; Wolfgang Cramer; Nebojsa Nakicenovic</p> <p>2006-02-15</p> <p>In 2005 the UK Government hosted the Avoiding Dangerous <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> conference to take an in-depth look at the scientific issues associated with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. This volume presents the most recent findings from the leading <span class="hlt">international</span> scientists that attended the conference. The topics addressed include critical thresholds and key vulnerabilities of the <span class="hlt">climate</span> system, impacts on human and natural systems, socioeconomic costs and benefits of emissions pathways, and technological options for meeting different stabilisation levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Contents are: Foreword from Prime Minister Tony Blair; Introduction from Rajendra Pachauri, Chairman of the IPCC; followed by 41more » papers arranged in seven sections entitled: Key Vulnerabilities of the <span class="hlt">Climate</span> System and Critical Thresholds; General Perspectives on Dangerous Impacts; Key Vulnerabilities for Ecosystems and Biodiversity; Socio-Economic Effects; Regional Perspectives; Emission Pathways; and Technological Options. Four papers have been abstracted separately for the Coal Abstracts database.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1614534D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1614534D"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> in an IB PYP Classroom</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>da Costa, Ana</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Students in elementary school are inherently curious, which allows them to explore, experiment and investigate various themes, while also demonstrating the will to preserve the resources that surround them and take action to contribute to a better world. One of the units taught at <span class="hlt">International</span> School Carinthia is "<span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>" and its impacts on life on Earth. During this unit, grade 4 students conduct research to answer their own inquiries related to this topic. They investigate the different <span class="hlt">climate</span> zones on our planet, examine why <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> happens, and discover how global warming and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> are connected and its consequences on living beings.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA527880','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA527880"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Effects: Issues for <span class="hlt">International</span> and US National Security</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2009-07-01</p> <p>impacts such as heat waves, major concerns are significant spreading of conditions for vector-borne diseases, such as dengue fever and malaria, and...U.S. national directives and strategic-level documents, and notable reports on specific <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts or especially vulnerable regions ...add to tensions even in stable world regions . There is greater potential for failed states and political instability. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> acts as a</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMED11C0786C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMED11C0786C"><span><span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climates</span> @ Colorado State: 100 (Multidisciplinary) Views of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Campbell, S.; Calderazzo, J.; Changing Climates, Cmmap Education; Diversity Team</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p> combined in various ways to comprise focused, lively, accurate primers to what we all need to know about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. With college classrooms as our intended venue, we are looking at such topics as why the weather in your backyard tells you nothing about global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>-but a good deal about <span class="hlt">climate</span>; how tiny molecules warm the planet; how snowpack, drought, bark beetles, fire suppression, and wildfire interact as stress complexes; why (and where) women, children, and the poor are especially vulnerable to harm from <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>; what <span class="hlt">international</span> policy negotiators argue about; what poets and artists can contribute to understanding and solving the <span class="hlt">climate</span> problem; and why ecologists are worried about <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the seasonal timing of natural events. We will describe what we have done and how we did it; offer a few tips to others who might wish to do something similar; and introduce our website.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AIPC.1157...61B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AIPC.1157...61B"><span>The United Nations and <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>: Legal and Policy Developments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bunn, Isabella D.</p> <p>2009-07-01</p> <p>The Secretary-General of the United Nations, Ban Ki-moon, has declared that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is "the defining challenge of our times." <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> trends indicate increasingly severe negative impacts on the majority of countries, with disproportionate effects on poor and vulnerable populations. The scientific reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (IPCC), as well as the negotiations under the UN Framework Convention on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (UNFCCC), have placed the issue on the forefront of the <span class="hlt">international</span> agenda. This article examines how <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is shaping legal and policy developments in five key areas of UN responsibility: <span class="hlt">international</span> law, humanitarian affairs, human rights, development, and peace and security. It concludes with some observations about high-level efforts to coordinate the response of multilateral institutions, the <span class="hlt">changing</span> stance of the US government, and the role of environmental protection in addressing the current global economic crisis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4996473','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4996473"><span>Undocumented migration in response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Riosmena, Fernando; Hunter, Lori M.; Runfola, Daniel M.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>In the face of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> induced economic uncertainty, households may employ migration as an adaptation strategy to diversify their livelihood portfolio through remittances. However, it is unclear whether such <span class="hlt">climate</span> migration will be documented or undocumented. In this study we combine detailed migration histories with daily temperature and precipitation information for 214 weather stations to investigate whether <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> more strongly impacts undocumented or documented migration from 68 rural Mexican municipalities to the U.S. during the years 1986–1999. We employ two measures of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, the warm spell duration index (WSDI) and the precipitation during extremely wet days (R99PTOT). Results from multi-level event-history models demonstrate that <span class="hlt">climate</span>-related <span class="hlt">international</span> migration from rural Mexico was predominantly undocumented. We conclude that programs to facilitate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation in rural Mexico may be more effective in reducing undocumented border crossings than increased border fortification. PMID:27570840</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27570840','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27570840"><span>Undocumented migration in response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nawrotzki, Raphael J; Riosmena, Fernando; Hunter, Lori M; Runfola, Daniel M</p> <p></p> <p>In the face of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> induced economic uncertainty, households may employ migration as an adaptation strategy to diversify their livelihood portfolio through remittances. However, it is unclear whether such <span class="hlt">climate</span> migration will be documented or undocumented. In this study we combine detailed migration histories with daily temperature and precipitation information for 214 weather stations to investigate whether <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> more strongly impacts undocumented or documented migration from 68 rural Mexican municipalities to the U.S. during the years 1986-1999. We employ two measures of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, the warm spell duration index ( WSDI ) and the precipitation during extremely wet days ( R99PTOT ). Results from multi-level event-history models demonstrate that <span class="hlt">climate</span>-related <span class="hlt">international</span> migration from rural Mexico was predominantly undocumented. We conclude that programs to facilitate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation in rural Mexico may be more effective in reducing undocumented border crossings than increased border fortification.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20962162-multinationals-political-activities-climate-change','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20962162-multinationals-political-activities-climate-change"><span>Multinationals' Political Activities on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Kolk, A.; Pinkse, J.</p> <p>2007-06-15</p> <p>This article explores the <span class="hlt">international</span> dimensions of multinationals' corporate political activities, focusing on an <span class="hlt">international</span> issue - <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> - being implemented differently in a range of countries. Analyzing data from Financial Times Global 500 firms, it examines the influence on types and process of multinationals' political strategies, reckoning with institutional contexts and issue saliency. Findings show that the type of political activities can be characterized as an information strategy to influence policy makers toward market-based solutions, not so much withholding action on emission reduction. Moreover, multinationals pursue self-regulation, targeting a broad range of political actors. The process of politicalmore » strategy is mostly one of collective action. <span class="hlt">International</span> differences particularly surface in the type of political actors aimed at, with U.S. and Australian firms focusing more on non-government actors (voluntary programs) than European and Japanese firms. Influencing home-country (not host-country) governments is the main component of <span class="hlt">international</span> political strategy on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA553407','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA553407"><span>Trends and Implications of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> for National and <span class="hlt">International</span> Security</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>Timothy Gallaudet Office of the Oceanographer of the Navy Navy’s <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Task Force Dr. Sherri Goodman, Dr. Ralph Espach and Mr. Peter...Duren Jet Propulsion Laboratory Dr. Diane Evans Jet Propulsion Laboratory CAPT Tim Gallaudet US Navy Task Force on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Mr. David Goldwyn</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMED11F..08B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMED11F..08B"><span>Exploring the Multifaceted Topic of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> in Our <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> and Living With Our <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Brey, J. A.; Kauffman, C.; Geer, I. W.; Mills, E. W.; Nugnes, K. A.; Stimach, A. E.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>As the effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> become more profound, <span class="hlt">climate</span> literacy becomes increasingly important. The American Meteorological Society (AMS) responds to this need through the publication of Our <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> and Living With Our <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span>. Both publications incorporate the latest scientific understandings of Earth's <span class="hlt">climate</span> system from reports such as IPCC AR5 and the USGCRP's Third National <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Assessment. Topic In Depth sections appear throughout each chapter and lead to more extensive, multidisciplinary information related to various topics. Additionally, each chapter closes with a For Further Exploration essay, which addresses specific topics that complement a chapter concept. Web Resources, which encourage additional exploration of chapter content, and Scientific Literature, from which chapter content was derived can also be found at the conclusion of each chapter. Our <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> covers a breadth of topics, including the scientific principles that govern Earth's <span class="hlt">climate</span> system and basic statistics and geospatial tools used to investigate the system. Released in fall 2015, Living With Our <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> takes a more narrow approach and investigates human and ecosystem vulnerabilities to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, the role of energy choices in affecting <span class="hlt">climate</span>, actions humans can take through adaption, mitigation, and policy to lessen vulnerabilities, and psychological and financial reasons behind <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> denial. While Living With Our <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> is intended for programs looking to add a <span class="hlt">climate</span> element into their curriculum, Our <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> is part of the AMS <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Studies course. In a 2015 survey of California University of Pennsylvania undergraduate students using Our <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span>, 82% found it comfortable to read and utilized its interactive components and resources. Both ebooks illuminate the multidisciplinary aspect of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, providing the opportunity for a more sustainable future.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMGC43B0929J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMGC43B0929J"><span>How Does The <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jones, R. N.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>In 1997, maximum temperature in SE Australia shifted up by 0.8°C at pH0<0.01. Rainfall decreased by 13% in 1997-2010 compared to 1900-1996. Statistically significant shifts also occur in impact indicators: baumé levels in winegrapes shift >21 days earlier from 1998, streamflow records decrease by 30-70% from 1997 and annual mean forest fire danger index increased by 38% from 1997. Despite catastrophic fires killing 178 people in early 2009, the public remains unaware of this large <span class="hlt">change</span> in their exposure. When regional temperature was separated into <span class="hlt">internally</span> and externally forced components, the latter component was found to warm in two steps, in 1968-73 and 1997. These dates coincide with shifts in zonal mean temperature (24-44S; Figure 1). <span class="hlt">Climate</span> model output shows similar step and trend behavior. Tests run on zonal, hemispheric and global mean temperature observations found shifts in all regions. 1997 marks a shift in global temperature of 0.3°C at pH0<0.01. Similar shifts occur in long-term tide gauge records around the globe (e.g., Figure 2) and in ocean heat content. The prevailing paradigm for how <span class="hlt">climate</span> variables <span class="hlt">change</span> is signal-noise construct combining a smooth signal with variations caused by <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability. There seems to be no sound theoretical basis for this assumption. On the contrary, complex system behavior would suggest non-linear responses to externally forced <span class="hlt">change</span>, especially at the regional scale. Some of our most basic assumptions about how <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> may need to be re-examined.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMPA22A..07H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMPA22A..07H"><span>The <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Consortium of Wales (C3W)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hendry, K. R.; Reis, J.; Hall, I. R.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>In response to the complexity and multidisciplinary nature of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> research, the <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Consortium of Wales (C3W) was formed in 2009 by the Welsh universities of Aberystwyth, Bangor, Cardiff and Swansea. Initially funded by Welsh Government, through the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, the Countryside Council for Wales and the universities, C3W aims to bring together <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> researchers from a wide range of disciplines to explore scientific and sociological drivers, impacts and implications at local, national and <span class="hlt">international</span> scale. The specific aims are to i) improve our fundamental understanding of the causes, nature, timing and consequences of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on Planet Earth's environment and on humanity, and ii) to reconfigure <span class="hlt">climate</span> research in Wales as a recognisable centre of excellence on the world stage. In addition to improving the infrastructure for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> research, we aim to improve communication, networking, collaborative research, and multidisciplinary data assimilation within and between the Welsh universities, and other UK and <span class="hlt">international</span> institutions. Furthermore, C3W aims to apply its research by actively contributing towards national policy development, business development and formal and informal education activities within and beyond Wales.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=323083','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=323083"><span>Groundwater and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: mitigating the global groundwater crisis and adapting to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> model</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>To better understand the effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on global groundwater resources, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) <span class="hlt">International</span> Hydrological Programme (IHP) initiated the GRAPHIC (Groundwater Resources Assessment under the Pressures of Humanity and Cl...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21036869-history-science-politics-climate-change-role-intergovernmental-panel-climate-change','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21036869-history-science-politics-climate-change-role-intergovernmental-panel-climate-change"><span>A history of the science and politics of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: the role of the Intergovernmental Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Bolin, B.</p> <p>2007-11-15</p> <p>In response to growing concern about human-induced global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, the UN Intergovernmental Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (IPCC) was formed in 1988. Written by its first Chairman, this book is a unique overview of the history of the IPCC. It describes and evaluates the intricate interplay between key factors in the science and politics of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, the strategy that has been followed, and the regretfully slow pace in getting to grips with the uncertainties that have prevented earlier action being taken. The book also highlights the emerging conflict between establishing a sustainable global energy system and preventing a seriousmore » <span class="hlt">change</span> in global <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Contents are: Part I. The Early History of the <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Issue: 1. Nineteenth century discoveries; 2. The natural carbon cycle and life on earth; 3. Global research initiatives in meteorology and climatology; 4. Early <span class="hlt">international</span> assessments of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>; Part II. The <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Issue Becomes One of Global Concern: 5. Setting the stage; 6. The scientific basis for a <span class="hlt">climate</span> convention; 7. Serving the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee; 8. The Second IPP Assessment Report; 9. In the aftermath of the IPCC Second Assessment; 10. The Kyoto Protocol is agreed and a third assessment begun; 11. A decade of hesitance and slow progress; Part III. A Turning Point in Addressing <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>?: 12. Key scientific finding of prime political relevance; 13. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and the future global energy supply system; Concluding remarks. 9 figs.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28749596','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28749596"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>, <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Justice, and Environmental Health: Implications for the Nursing Profession.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nicholas, Patrice K; Breakey, Suellen</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p> in education, practice, research, and policy-making efforts to address <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. © 2017 Sigma Theta Tau <span class="hlt">International</span>.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li class="active"><span>3</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_3 --> <div id="page_4" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="61"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMPA13A1987M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMPA13A1987M"><span>Navigating Negative Conversations in <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mandia, S. A.; Abraham, J. P.; Dash, J. W.; Ashley, M. C.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Politically charged public discussions of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> often lead to polarization as a direct result of many societal, economic, religious and other factors which form opinions. For instance, the general public views <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as a political discussion rather than a scientific matter. Additionally, many media sources such as websites and mainstream venues and persons have served to promote the "controversy". Scientists who engage in a public discourse of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> often encounter politically charged environments and audiences. Traditional presentations of the science without attention paid to political, social, or economic matters are likely to worsen the existing divide. An <span class="hlt">international</span> organization, the <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Science Rapid Response Team (CSRRT) suggests a strategy that can be used to navigate potentially troublesome situations with divided audiences. This approach can be used during live lecture presentations, and radio, print, or television interviews. The strategy involves identifying alternative motivations for taking action on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The alternative motivations are tailored to the audience and can range from national defense, economic prosperity, religious motivation, patriotism, energy independence, or hunting/fishing reasons. Similar messaging modification can be used to faithfully and accurately convey the importance of taking action on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> but present the motivations in a way that will be received by the audience.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://medlineplus.gov/climatechange.html','NIH-MEDLINEPLUS'); return false;" href="https://medlineplus.gov/climatechange.html"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://medlineplus.gov/">MedlinePlus</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>... in a place over a period of time. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is major <span class="hlt">change</span> in temperature, rainfall, snow, or ... by natural factors or by human activities. Today <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> are occurring at an increasingly rapid rate. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009E%26ES....8a1002M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009E%26ES....8a1002M"><span>The 7 Aarhus Statements on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Margrethe Basse, Ellen; Svenning, Jens-Christian; Olesen, Jørgen E.; Besenbacher, Flemming; Læssøe, Jeppe; Seidenkrantz, Marit-Solveig; Lange, Lene</p> <p>2009-03-01</p> <p>More than 1000 prominent representatives from science, industry, politics and NGOs were gathered in Aarhus on 5-7 March 2009 for the <span class="hlt">international</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> conference 'Beyond Kyoto: Addressing the Challenges of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>'. Thematically, Beyond Kyoto was divided into seven areas of particular interest for understanding the effects of the projected future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and how the foreseen negative impacts can be counteracted by mitigation and adaptation measures. The themes were: <span class="hlt">Climate</span> policy: the role of law and economics; Biodiversity and ecosystems; Agriculture and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>; Nanotechnology solutions for a sustainable future; Citizens and society, and The Arctic. The main responsible scientists for the seven conference themes and representatives from the think-tank CONCITO delivered 'The 7 Aarhus Statements on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>' as part of the closing session of the conference. The statements were also communicated to the Danish Government as well as to the press. This article is the product of the collective subsequent work of the seven theme responsibles and is a presentation of each theme statement in detail, emphasizing the current state of knowledge and how it may be used to minimize the expected negative impacts of future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/17301','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/17301"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> 101 : understanding and responding to global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>To inform the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> dialogue, the Pew Center on Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> and the Pew Center on the States have developed a series of brief reports entitled <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> 101: Understanding and Responding to Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>. These reports...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4674075','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4674075"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> as Migration Driver from Rural and Urban Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hunter, Lori M.; Runfola, Daniel M.; Riosmena, Fernando</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Studies investigating migration as a response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability have largely focused on rural locations to the exclusion of urban areas. This lack of urban focus is unfortunate given the sheer numbers of urban residents and continuing high levels of urbanization. To begin filling this empirical gap, this study investigates <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts on U.S.-bound migration from rural and urban Mexico, 1986–1999. We employ geostatistical interpolation methods to construct two <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> indices, capturing warm and wet spell duration, based on daily temperature and precipitation readings for 214 weather stations across Mexico. In combination with detailed migration histories obtained from the Mexican Migration Project, we model the influence of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on household-level migration from 68 rural and 49 urban municipalities. Results from multilevel event-history models reveal that a temperature warming and excessive precipitation significantly increased <span class="hlt">international</span> migration during the study period. However, <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts on <span class="hlt">international</span> migration is only observed for rural areas. Interactions reveal a causal pathway in which temperature (but not precipitation) influences migration patterns through employment in the agricultural sector. As such, <span class="hlt">climate</span>-related <span class="hlt">international</span> migration may decline with continued urbanization and the resulting reductions in direct dependence of households on rural agriculture. PMID:26692890</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26692890','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26692890"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> as Migration Driver from Rural and Urban Mexico.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nawrotzki, Raphael J; Hunter, Lori M; Runfola, Daniel M; Riosmena, Fernando</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>Studies investigating migration as a response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability have largely focused on rural locations to the exclusion of urban areas. This lack of urban focus is unfortunate given the sheer numbers of urban residents and continuing high levels of urbanization. To begin filling this empirical gap, this study investigates <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts on U.S.-bound migration from rural and urban Mexico, 1986-1999. We employ geostatistical interpolation methods to construct two <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> indices, capturing warm and wet spell duration, based on daily temperature and precipitation readings for 214 weather stations across Mexico. In combination with detailed migration histories obtained from the Mexican Migration Project, we model the influence of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on household-level migration from 68 rural and 49 urban municipalities. Results from multilevel event-history models reveal that a temperature warming and excessive precipitation significantly increased <span class="hlt">international</span> migration during the study period. However, <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts on <span class="hlt">international</span> migration is only observed for rural areas. Interactions reveal a causal pathway in which temperature (but not precipitation) influences migration patterns through employment in the agricultural sector. As such, <span class="hlt">climate</span>-related <span class="hlt">international</span> migration may decline with continued urbanization and the resulting reductions in direct dependence of households on rural agriculture.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5812531','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5812531"><span>Vector-borne diseases and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: a European perspective</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Suk, Jonathan E</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Abstract <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has already impacted the transmission of a wide range of vector-borne diseases in Europe, and it will continue to do so in the coming decades. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has been implicated in the observed shift of ticks to elevated altitudes and latitudes, notably including the Ixodes ricinus tick species that is a vector for Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is also thought to have been a factor in the expansion of other important disease vectors in Europe: Aedes albopictus (the Asian tiger mosquito), which transmits diseases such as Zika, dengue and chikungunya, and Phlebotomus sandfly species, which transmits diseases including Leishmaniasis. In addition, highly elevated temperatures in the summer of 2010 have been associated with an epidemic of West Nile Fever in Southeast Europe and subsequent outbreaks have been linked to summer temperature anomalies. Future <span class="hlt">climate</span>-sensitive health impacts are challenging to project quantitatively, in part due to the intricate interplay between non-<span class="hlt">climatic</span> and <span class="hlt">climatic</span> drivers, weather-sensitive pathogens and <span class="hlt">climate-change</span> adaptation. Moreover, globalisation and <span class="hlt">international</span> air travel contribute to pathogen and vector dispersion <span class="hlt">internationally</span>. Nevertheless, monitoring forecasts of meteorological conditions can help detect epidemic precursors of vector-borne disease outbreaks and serve as early warning systems for risk reduction. PMID:29149298</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29149298','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29149298"><span>Vector-borne diseases and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: a European perspective.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Semenza, Jan C; Suk, Jonathan E</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has already impacted the transmission of a wide range of vector-borne diseases in Europe, and it will continue to do so in the coming decades. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has been implicated in the observed shift of ticks to elevated altitudes and latitudes, notably including the Ixodes ricinus tick species that is a vector for Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is also thought to have been a factor in the expansion of other important disease vectors in Europe: Aedes albopictus (the Asian tiger mosquito), which transmits diseases such as Zika, dengue and chikungunya, and Phlebotomus sandfly species, which transmits diseases including Leishmaniasis. In addition, highly elevated temperatures in the summer of 2010 have been associated with an epidemic of West Nile Fever in Southeast Europe and subsequent outbreaks have been linked to summer temperature anomalies. Future <span class="hlt">climate</span>-sensitive health impacts are challenging to project quantitatively, in part due to the intricate interplay between non-<span class="hlt">climatic</span> and <span class="hlt">climatic</span> drivers, weather-sensitive pathogens and <span class="hlt">climate-change</span> adaptation. Moreover, globalisation and <span class="hlt">international</span> air travel contribute to pathogen and vector dispersion <span class="hlt">internationally</span>. Nevertheless, monitoring forecasts of meteorological conditions can help detect epidemic precursors of vector-borne disease outbreaks and serve as early warning systems for risk reduction. © FEMS 2017.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/52246','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/52246"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> velocity underestimates <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> exposure in mountainous regions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Solomon Z. Dobrowski; Sean A. Parks</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> velocity is a vector depiction of the rate of <span class="hlt">climate</span> displacement used for assessing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts. Interpreting velocity requires an assumption that <span class="hlt">climate</span> trajectory length is proportional to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> exposure; longer paths suggest greater exposure. However, distance is an imperfect measure of exposure because it does not...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25177069','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25177069"><span>Bringing air pollution into the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> equation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pettersen, Marit Viktoria; Fleck, Fiona</p> <p>2014-08-01</p> <p>As countries gear up for a major round of <span class="hlt">international</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> talks next year in Paris, the growing problem of air pollution is fast becoming a vital part of the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and health debate. Fiona Fleck talks to Marit Viktoria Pettersen.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EOSTr..95..412E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EOSTr..95..412E"><span>Understanding How <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Could Affect Tornadoes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Elsner, James; Guishard, Mark</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p>Current understanding of how tornadoes might <span class="hlt">change</span> with global warming is limited. Incomplete data sets and the small-scale nature of tornadic events make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. A consensus report on the <span class="hlt">climate</span> of extreme storms found little evidence of trends in tornado frequency in the United States. However new research suggests a potential <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> footprint on tornadoes. Some of this research was presented at the First <span class="hlt">International</span> Summit on Tornadoes and <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>, hosted by Aegean Conferences. The summit took place at the Minoa Palace in Chania, Greece, from 25 to 30 May 2014. Thirty delegates from eight countries—Greece, the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, China, Japan, Israel, and Taiwan—participated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.worldcat.org/title/wetlands-integrating-multidisciplinary-concepts/oclc/690089362','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://www.worldcat.org/title/wetlands-integrating-multidisciplinary-concepts/oclc/690089362"><span>Multidisciplinary approaches to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> questions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Middleton, Beth A.; LePage, Ben A.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Multidisciplinary approaches are required to address the complex environmental problems of our time. Solutions to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> problems are good examples of situations requiring complex syntheses of ideas from a vast set of disciplines including science, engineering, social science, and the humanities. Unfortunately, most ecologists have narrow training, and are not equipped to bring their environmental skills to the table with interdisciplinary teams to help solve multidisciplinary problems. To address this problem, new graduate training programs and workshops sponsored by various organizations are providing opportunities for scientists and others to learn to work together in multidisciplinary teams. Two examples of training in multidisciplinary thinking include those organized by the Santa Fe Institute and Dahlem Workshops. In addition, many interdisciplinary programs have had successes in providing insight into <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> problems including the <span class="hlt">International</span> Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>, the Joint North American Carbon Program, the National Academy of Science Research Grand Challenges Initiatives, and the National Academy of Science. These programs and initiatives have had some notable success in outlining some of the problems and solutions to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Scientists who can offer their specialized expertise to interdisciplinary teams will be more successful in helping to solve the complex problems related to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4974646','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4974646"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> velocity underestimates <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> exposure in mountainous regions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Dobrowski, Solomon Z.; Parks, Sean A.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> velocity is a vector depiction of the rate of <span class="hlt">climate</span> displacement used for assessing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts. Interpreting velocity requires an assumption that <span class="hlt">climate</span> trajectory length is proportional to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> exposure; longer paths suggest greater exposure. However, distance is an imperfect measure of exposure because it does not quantify the extent to which trajectories traverse areas of dissimilar <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Here we calculate velocity and minimum cumulative exposure (MCE) in degrees Celsius along <span class="hlt">climate</span> trajectories for North America. We find that velocity is weakly related to MCE; each metric identifies contrasting areas of vulnerability to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Notably, velocity underestimates exposure in mountainous regions where <span class="hlt">climate</span> trajectories traverse dissimilar <span class="hlt">climates</span>, resulting in high MCE. In contrast, in flat regions velocity is high where MCE is low, as these areas have negligible <span class="hlt">climatic</span> resistance to movement. Our results suggest that mountainous regions are more <span class="hlt">climatically</span> isolated than previously reported. PMID:27476545</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20403822','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20403822"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, water resources and child health.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kistin, Elizabeth J; Fogarty, John; Pokrasso, Ryan Shaening; McCally, Michael; McCornick, Peter G</p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is occurring and has tremendous consequences for children's health worldwide. This article describes how the rise in temperature, precipitation, droughts, floods, glacier melt and sea levels resulting from human-induced <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is affecting the quantity, quality and flow of water resources worldwide and impacting child health through dangerous effects on water supply and sanitation, food production and human migration. It argues that paediatricians and healthcare professionals have a critical leadership role to play in motivating and sustaining efforts for policy <span class="hlt">change</span> and programme implementation at the local, national and <span class="hlt">international</span> level.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=%22European+Union%22+AND+climate&pg=2&id=EJ689299','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=%22European+Union%22+AND+climate&pg=2&id=EJ689299"><span>Evaluating European <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Policy: An Ecological Justice Approach</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Muhovic-Dorsner, Kamala</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>To date, the concept of ecological justice, when applied to <span class="hlt">international</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> policy, has largely focused on the North-South dichotomy and has yet to be extended to Central and Eastern European countries. This article argues that current formulations of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> policy cannot address potential issues of ecological injustice to…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24400619','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24400619"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. A global threat to cardiopulmonary health.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rice, Mary B; Thurston, George D; Balmes, John R; Pinkerton, Kent E</p> <p>2014-03-01</p> <p>Recent <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the global <span class="hlt">climate</span> system have resulted in excess mortality and morbidity, particularly among susceptible individuals with preexisting cardiopulmonary disease. These weather patterns are projected to continue and intensify as a result of rising CO2 levels, according to the most recent projections by <span class="hlt">climate</span> scientists. In this Pulmonary Perspective, motivated by the American Thoracic Society Committees on Environmental Health Policy and <span class="hlt">International</span> Health, we review the global human health consequences of projected <span class="hlt">changes</span> in <span class="hlt">climate</span> for which there is a high level of confidence and scientific evidence of health effects, with a focus on cardiopulmonary health. We discuss how many of the <span class="hlt">climate</span>-related health effects will disproportionally affect people from economically disadvantaged parts of the world, who contribute relatively little to CO2 emissions. Last, we discuss the financial implications of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> solutions from a public health perspective and argue for a harmonized approach to clean air and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> policies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMGC23A1045B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMGC23A1045B"><span>Saving Grace - A <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Documentary Education Program</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Byrne, J. M.; McDaniel, S.; Graham, J.; Little, L.; Hoggan, J. C.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Saving Grace conveys <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> knowledge from the best <span class="hlt">international</span> scientists and social scientists using a series of new media formats. An Education and Communication Plan (ECP) has been developed to disseminate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> knowledge on impacts, mitigation and adaptation for individuals, and for all sectors of society. The research team is seeking contacts with science and social science colleagues around the world to provide the knowledge base for the ECP. Poverty enslaves…and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has, and will, spread and deepen poverty to hundreds of millions of people, primarily in the developing world. And make no mistake; we are enslaving hundreds of millions of people in a depressing and debilitating poverty that in numbers will far surpass the horrors of the slave trade of past centuries. Saving Grace is the story of that poverty - and minimizing that poverty. Saving Grace stars the best of the world's <span class="hlt">climate</span> researchers. Saving Grace presents the science; who, where and why of greenhouse gases that drive <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>; current and projected impacts of a <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> around the world; and most important, solutions to the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> challenges we face.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3749124','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3749124"><span>Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Adaptation Priorities for Biodiversity and Food Security</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hannah, Lee; Ikegami, Makihiko; Hole, David G.; Seo, Changwan; Butchart, Stuart H. M.; Peterson, A. Townsend; Roehrdanz, Patrick R.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">International</span> policy is placing increasing emphasis on adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, including the allocation of new funds to assist adaptation efforts. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation funding may be most effective where it meets integrated goals, but global geographic priorities based on multiple development and ecological criteria are not well characterized. Here we show that human and natural adaptation needs related to maintaining agricultural productivity and ecosystem integrity intersect in ten major areas globally, providing a coherent set of <span class="hlt">international</span> priorities for adaptation funding. An additional seven regional areas are identified as worthy of additional study. The priority areas are locations where <span class="hlt">changes</span> in crop suitability affecting impoverished farmers intersect with <span class="hlt">changes</span> in ranges of restricted-range species. Agreement among multiple <span class="hlt">climate</span> models and emissions scenarios suggests that these priorities are robust. Adaptation funding directed to these areas could simultaneously address multiple <span class="hlt">international</span> policy goals, including poverty reduction, protecting agricultural production and safeguarding ecosystem services. PMID:23991125</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23991125','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23991125"><span>Global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation priorities for biodiversity and food security.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hannah, Lee; Ikegami, Makihiko; Hole, David G; Seo, Changwan; Butchart, Stuart H M; Peterson, A Townsend; Roehrdanz, Patrick R</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">International</span> policy is placing increasing emphasis on adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, including the allocation of new funds to assist adaptation efforts. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation funding may be most effective where it meets integrated goals, but global geographic priorities based on multiple development and ecological criteria are not well characterized. Here we show that human and natural adaptation needs related to maintaining agricultural productivity and ecosystem integrity intersect in ten major areas globally, providing a coherent set of <span class="hlt">international</span> priorities for adaptation funding. An additional seven regional areas are identified as worthy of additional study. The priority areas are locations where <span class="hlt">changes</span> in crop suitability affecting impoverished farmers intersect with <span class="hlt">changes</span> in ranges of restricted-range species. Agreement among multiple <span class="hlt">climate</span> models and emissions scenarios suggests that these priorities are robust. Adaptation funding directed to these areas could simultaneously address multiple <span class="hlt">international</span> policy goals, including poverty reduction, protecting agricultural production and safeguarding ecosystem services.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMED24A..06N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMED24A..06N"><span>Sustained Large-Scale Collective <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Action Supported by Effective <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Education Practice</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Niepold, F., III; Crim, H.; Fiorile, G.; Eldadah, S.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Since 2012, the <span class="hlt">Climate</span> and Energy Literacy community have realized that as cities, nations and the <span class="hlt">international</span> community seek solutions to global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> over the coming decades, a more comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach to <span class="hlt">climate</span> literacy—one that includes economic and social considerations—will play a vital role in knowledgeable planning, decision-making, and governance. City, county and state leaders are now leading the American response to a <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> by incubating social innovation to prevail in the face of unprecedented <span class="hlt">change</span>. Cities are beginning to realize the importance of critical investments to support the policies and strategies that will foster the <span class="hlt">climate</span> literacy necessary for citizens to understand the urgency of <span class="hlt">climate</span> actions and to succeed in a resilient post-carbon economy and develop the related workforce. Over decade of federal and non-profit <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Education effective methods have been developed that can support municipality's significant educational capabilities for the purpose of strengthening and scaling city, state, business, and education actions designed to sustain and effectively address this significant social <span class="hlt">change</span>. Looking to foster the effective and innovative strategies that will enable their communities several networks have collaborated to identify recommendations for effective education and communication practices when working with different types of audiences. U.S. National Science Foundation funded <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Education Partnership (CCEP) Alliance, the National Wildlife Federation, NOAA <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Program Office, Tri-Agency <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Education Collaborative and the <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Literacy and Energy Awareness Network (CLEAN) are working to develop a new web portal that will highlight "effective" practices that includes the acquisition and use of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> knowledge to inform decision-making. The purpose of the web portal is to transfer effective practice to support communities to be</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_4 --> <div id="page_5" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="81"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ERL....10k4023N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ERL....10k4023N"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as a migration driver from rural and urban Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nawrotzki, Raphael J.; Hunter, Lori M.; Runfola, Daniel M.; Riosmena, Fernando</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>Studies investigating migration as a response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability have largely focused on rural locations to the exclusion of urban areas. This lack of urban focus is unfortunate given the sheer numbers of urban residents and continuing high levels of urbanization. To begin filling this empirical gap, this study investigates <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts on US-bound migration from rural and urban Mexico, 1986-1999. We employ geostatistical interpolation methods to construct two <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> indices, capturing warm and wet spell duration, based on daily temperature and precipitation readings for 214 weather stations across Mexico. In combination with detailed migration histories obtained from the Mexican Migration Project, we model the influence of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on household-level migration from 68 rural and 49 urban municipalities. Results from multilevel event-history models reveal that a temperature warming and excessive precipitation significantly increased <span class="hlt">international</span> migration during the study period. However, <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts on <span class="hlt">international</span> migration is only observed for rural areas. Interactions reveal a causal pathway in which temperature (but not precipitation) influences migration patterns through employment in the agricultural sector. As such, <span class="hlt">climate</span>-related <span class="hlt">international</span> migration may decline with continued urbanization and the resulting reductions in direct dependence of households on rural agriculture.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23471678','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23471678"><span>Opinions and knowledge about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science in high school students.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Harker-Schuch, Inez; Bugge-Henriksen, Christian</p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>This study investigates the influence of knowledge on opinions about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in the emerging adults' age group (16-17 years). Furthermore, the effects of a lecture in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science on knowledge and opinions were assessed. A survey was conducted in Austria and Denmark on 188 students in national and <span class="hlt">international</span> schools before and after a lecture in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science. The results show that knowledge about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science significantly affects opinions about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Students with a higher number of correct answers are more likely to have the opinion that humans are causing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and that both individuals and governments are responsible for addressing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The lecture in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science significantly improved knowledge development but did not affect opinions. Knowledge was improved by 11 % after the lecture. However, the percentage of correct answers was still below 60 % indicating an urgent need for improving <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science education.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMED31D..05H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMED31D..05H"><span>Environmental literacy framework with a focus on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> (ELF): a framework and resources for teaching <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Huffman, L. T.; Blythe, D.; Dahlman, L. E.; Fischbein, S.; Johnson, K.; Kontar, Y.; Rack, F. R.; Kulhanek, D. K.; Pennycook, J.; Reed, J.; Youngman, B.; Reeves, M.; Thomas, R.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>The challenges of communicating <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science to non-technical audiences present a daunting task, but one that is recognized in the science community as urgent and essential. ANDRILL's (ANtarctic geological DRILLing) <span class="hlt">international</span> network of scientists, engineers, technicians and educators work together to convey a deeper understanding of current geoscience research as well as the process of science to non-technical audiences. One roadblock for educators who recognize the need to teach <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has been the lack of a comprehensive, integrated set of resources and activities that are related to the National Science Education Standards. Pieces of the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> puzzle can be found in the excellent work of the groups of science and education professionals who wrote the Essential Principles of Ocean Sciences, <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Literacy: The Essential Principles of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Science, Earth Science Literacy Principles: The Big Ideas and Supporting Concepts of Earth Science, and Essential Principals and Fundamental Concepts for Atmospheric Science Literacy, but teachers have precious little time to search out the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> goals and objectives in those frameworks and then find the resources to teach them. Through NOAA funding, ANDRILL has created a new framework, The Environmental Literacy Framework with a Focus on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (ELF), drawing on the works of the aforementioned groups, and promoting an Earth Systems approach to teaching <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> through five units: Atmosphere, Biosphere, Geosphere, Hydrosphere/Cryosphere, and Energy as the driver of interactions within and between the “spheres.” Each key concept in the framework has a hands-on, inquiry activity and matching NOAA resources for teaching the objectives. In its present form, we present a ‘road map’ for teaching <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and a set of resources intended to continue to evolve over time.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4856872','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4856872"><span>Teaching About <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> in Medical Education: An Opportunity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Maxwell, Janie; Blashki, Grant</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> threatens many of the gains in development and health over the last century. However, it could also be a catalyst for a necessary societal transformation to a sustainable and healthy future. Doctors have a crucial role in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> mitigation and health system adaptation to prepare for emergent health threats and a carbon-constrained future. This paper argues that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> should be integrated into medical education for three reasons: first, to prepare students for clinical practice in a <span class="hlt">climate-changing</span> world; secondly, to promote public health and eco-health literacy; and finally, to deepen existing learning and strengthen graduate attributes. This paper builds on existing literature and the authors’ experience to outline potential learning objectives, teaching methods and assessment tasks. In the wake of recent progress at the United Nations <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> conference, COP-21, it is hoped that this paper will assist universities to integrate teaching about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> into medical education. Significance for public health There is a strong case for teaching about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in medical education. Anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is accepted by scientists, governments and health authorities <span class="hlt">internationally</span>. Given the dire implications for human health, <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is of fundamental relevance to future doctors. Integrating <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> into medical education offers an opportunity for future doctors to develop skills and insights essential for clinical practice and a public health role in a <span class="hlt">climate-changing</span> world. This echoes a broader call for improved public health literacy among medical graduates. This paper provides medical schools with a rationale and an outline for teaching on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. PMID:27190980</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27190980','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27190980"><span>Teaching About <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> in Medical Education: An Opportunity.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Maxwell, Janie; Blashki, Grant</p> <p>2016-04-26</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> threatens many of the gains in development and health over the last century. However, it could also be a catalyst for a necessary societal transformation to a sustainable and healthy future. Doctors have a crucial role in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> mitigation and health system adaptation to prepare for emergent health threats and a carbon-constrained future. This paper argues that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> should be integrated into medical education for three reasons: first, to prepare students for clinical practice in a <span class="hlt">climate-changing</span> world; secondly, to promote public health and eco-health literacy; and finally, to deepen existing learning and strengthen graduate attributes. This paper builds on existing literature and the authors' experience to outline potential learning objectives, teaching methods and assessment tasks. In the wake of recent progress at the United Nations <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> conference, COP-21, it is hoped that this paper will assist universities to integrate teaching about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> into medical education. Significance for public healthThere is a strong case for teaching about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in medical education. Anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is accepted by scientists, governments and health authorities <span class="hlt">internationally</span>. Given the dire implications for human health, <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is of fundamental relevance to future doctors. Integrating <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> into medical education offers an opportunity for future doctors to develop skills and insights essential for clinical practice and a public health role in a <span class="hlt">climate-changing</span> world. This echoes a broader call for improved public health literacy among medical graduates. This paper provides medical schools with a rationale and an outline for teaching on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/760091','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/760091"><span>Workshop on the preparation of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> action plans. Workshop summary</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>NONE</p> <p>1999-05-24</p> <p>Over 130 participants from more than 27 countries shared experiences of developing and transition countries in preparation and development of their <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> national action plans. <span class="hlt">International</span> experts guided countries in preparation of their <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> national action plans.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1017754','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1017754"><span>The <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Strategy Gap: Crafting a Strategic Framework for the Department of Defense</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2016-03-24</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Effects: Issues for <span class="hlt">International</span> and US National Security (Alexandria, VA: The Institute for Defense Analyses, 2009), 3. 3 in...Security Needs Assessment, (New York: United Nations, 2012), 7. 50 Christine Youngblut, <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Effects: Issues for <span class="hlt">International</span> and US National...Master’s Thesis 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 10-01-2015 - 03-19-2016 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE The <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Strategy Gap: Crafting a Strategic 5a</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1010561','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1010561"><span>The <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Strategy Gap: Crafting a Strategic Framework for the Department of Defense</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2016-03-23</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Effects: Issues for <span class="hlt">International</span> and US National Security (Alexandria, VA: The Institute for Defense Analyses, 2009), 3. 3 in...Security Needs Assessment, (New York: United Nations, 2012), 7. 50 Christine Youngblut, <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Effects: Issues for <span class="hlt">International</span> and US National...Master’s Thesis 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 10-01-2015 - 03-19-2016 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE The <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Strategy Gap: Crafting a Strategic 5a</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998ccp..book.....J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998ccp..book.....J"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Policy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jepma, Catrinus J.; Munasinghe, Mohan; Bolin, Foreword By Bert; Watson, Robert; Bruce, James P.</p> <p>1998-03-01</p> <p>There is increasing scientific evidence to suggest that humans are gradually but certainly <span class="hlt">changing</span> the Earth's <span class="hlt">climate</span>. In an effort to prevent further damage to the fragile atmosphere, and with the belief that action is required now, the scientific community has been prolific in its dissemination of information on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Inspired by the results of the Intergovernmental Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>'s Second Assessment Report, Jepma and Munasinghe set out to create a concise, practical, and compelling approach to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> issues. They deftly explain the implications of global warming, and the risks involved in attempting to mitigate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. They look at how and where to start action, and what organization is needed to be able to implement the <span class="hlt">changes</span>. This book represents a much needed synopsis of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and its real impacts on society. It will be an essential text for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> researchers, policy analysts, university students studying the environment, and anyone with an interest in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> issues. A digestible version of the IPCC 1995 Economics Report - written by two of IPCC contributors with a Foreword by two of the editors of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> 1995: Economics of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>: i.e. has unofficial IPCC approval Focusses on policy and economics - important but of marginal interest to scientists, who are more likely to buy this summary than the full IPCC report itself Has case-studies to get the points across Separate study guide workbook will be available, mode of presentation (Web or book) not yet finalized</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFMPA24A..06B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFMPA24A..06B"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>: Science and Policy in the Arctic <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>: Science and Policy in the Arctic</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bigras, S. C.</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p> participation of indigenous peoples in the development and management process. The effective application of accumulated <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> knowledge requires development of a policy framework that can address cumulative effects and take into account various stakeholders, multi-jurisdictional regulations and interests, environmental impacts and other concerns specific to the Arctic. Fundamental to such a framework are responsible economic development, sustainable communities, the commitment to achieving consensus between parties, and the use of traditional knowledge. One way to facilitate collaborative policy making is to increase <span class="hlt">international</span> co-operation between Northerners, indigenous peoples, scientists, politicians and policy makers. The <span class="hlt">International</span> Polar Year (IPY) 2007-2008 proved a solid stepping-stone for multinational collaborations. Clear communication with politicians and policy-makers is challenging but essential, despite the lingering uncertainties in <span class="hlt">climate-change</span> science. Public awareness helps considerably in getting messages to politicians, and it is therefore important that scientists and researchers share their results not only with colleagues but also with the general public.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28806469','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28806469"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Effects on Respiratory Health: Implications for Nursing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>George, Maureen; Bruzzese, Jean-Marie; Matura, Lea Ann</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Greenhouse gases are driving <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. This article explores the adverse health effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on a particularly vulnerable population: children and adults with respiratory conditions. This review provides a general overview of the effects of increasing temperatures, extreme weather, desertification, and flooding on asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, and respiratory infections. We offer suggestions for future research to better understand <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> hazards, policies to support prevention and mitigation efforts targeting <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and clinical actions to reduce individual risk. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> produces a number of <span class="hlt">changes</span> to the natural and built environments that may potentially increase respiratory disease prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. Nurses might consider focusing their research efforts on reducing the effects of greenhouse gases and in directing policy to mitigate the harmful effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Nurses can also continue to direct educational and clinical actions to reduce risks for all populations, but most importantly, for our most vulnerable groups. While advancements have been made in understanding the impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on respiratory health, nurses can play an important role in reducing the deleterious effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. This will require a multipronged approach of research, policy, and clinical action. © 2017 Sigma Theta Tau <span class="hlt">International</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ERL....12h4019S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ERL....12h4019S"><span>Assessing ExxonMobil’s <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> communications (1977-2014)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Supran, Geoffrey; Oreskes, Naomi</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>This paper assesses whether ExxonMobil Corporation has in the past misled the general public about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. We present an empirical document-by-document textual content analysis and comparison of 187 <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> communications from ExxonMobil, including peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed publications, <span class="hlt">internal</span> company documents, and paid, editorial-style advertisements (‘advertorials’) in The New York Times. We examine whether these communications sent consistent messages about the state of <span class="hlt">climate</span> science and its implications—specifically, we compare their positions on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as real, human-caused, serious, and solvable. In all four cases, we find that as documents become more publicly accessible, they increasingly communicate doubt. This discrepancy is most pronounced between advertorials and all other documents. For example, accounting for expressions of reasonable doubt, 83% of peer-reviewed papers and 80% of <span class="hlt">internal</span> documents acknowledge that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is real and human-caused, yet only 12% of advertorials do so, with 81% instead expressing doubt. We conclude that ExxonMobil contributed to advancing <span class="hlt">climate</span> science—by way of its scientists’ academic publications—but promoted doubt about it in advertorials. Given this discrepancy, we conclude that ExxonMobil misled the public. Our content analysis also examines ExxonMobil’s discussion of the risks of stranded fossil fuel assets. We find the topic discussed and sometimes quantified in 24 documents of various types, but absent from advertorials. Finally, based on the available documents, we outline ExxonMobil’s strategic approach to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> research and communication, which helps to contextualize our findings.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=climate+AND+adaptation&pg=2&id=ED512832','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=climate+AND+adaptation&pg=2&id=ED512832"><span>Combating <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> through Quality Education. Policy Brief 2010-03</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Anderson, Allison</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> threatens to undo and even reverse the progress made toward meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and poses one of the most serious challenges to reducing global poverty for the <span class="hlt">international</span> community. However, the education sector offers a currently untapped opportunity to combat <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. There is a clear…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24916195','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24916195"><span>Cinematic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, a promising perspective on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> communication.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sakellari, Maria</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>Previous research findings display that after having seen popular <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> films, people became more concerned, more motivated and more aware of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, but <span class="hlt">changes</span> in behaviors were short-term. This article performs a meta-analysis of three popular <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> films, The Day after Tomorrow (2005), An Inconvenient Truth (2006), and The Age of Stupid (2009), drawing on research in social psychology, human agency, and media effect theory in order to formulate a rationale about how mass media communication shapes our everyday life experience. This article highlights the factors with which science blends in the reception of the three <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> films and expands the range of options considered in order to encourage people to engage in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> mitigation actions. © The Author(s) 2014.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70185017','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70185017"><span>Managing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> refugia for <span class="hlt">climate</span> adaptation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Morelli, Toni L.; Jackson, Stephen T.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Refugia have long been studied from paleontological and biogeographical perspectives to understand how populations persisted during past periods of unfavorable <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Recently, researchers have applied the idea to contemporary landscapes to identify <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> refugia, here defined as areas relatively buffered from contemporary <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> over time that enable persistence of valued physical, ecological, and socio-cultural resources. We differentiate historical and contemporary views, and characterize physical and ecological processes that create and maintain <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> refugia. We then delineate how refugia can fit into existing decision support frameworks for <span class="hlt">climate</span> adaptation and describe seven steps for managing them. Finally, we identify challenges and opportunities for operationalizing the concept of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> refugia. Managing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> refugia can be an important option for conservation in the face of ongoing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27509088','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27509088"><span>Managing <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Refugia for <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Adaptation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Morelli, Toni Lyn; Daly, Christopher; Dobrowski, Solomon Z; Dulen, Deanna M; Ebersole, Joseph L; Jackson, Stephen T; Lundquist, Jessica D; Millar, Constance I; Maher, Sean P; Monahan, William B; Nydick, Koren R; Redmond, Kelly T; Sawyer, Sarah C; Stock, Sarah; Beissinger, Steven R</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Refugia have long been studied from paleontological and biogeographical perspectives to understand how populations persisted during past periods of unfavorable <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Recently, researchers have applied the idea to contemporary landscapes to identify <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> refugia, here defined as areas relatively buffered from contemporary <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> over time that enable persistence of valued physical, ecological, and socio-cultural resources. We differentiate historical and contemporary views, and characterize physical and ecological processes that create and maintain <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> refugia. We then delineate how refugia can fit into existing decision support frameworks for <span class="hlt">climate</span> adaptation and describe seven steps for managing them. Finally, we identify challenges and opportunities for operationalizing the concept of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> refugia. Managing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> refugia can be an important option for conservation in the face of ongoing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4980047','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4980047"><span>Managing <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Refugia for <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Adaptation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Daly, Christopher; Dobrowski, Solomon Z.; Dulen, Deanna M.; Ebersole, Joseph L.; Jackson, Stephen T.; Lundquist, Jessica D.; Millar, Constance I.; Maher, Sean P.; Monahan, William B.; Nydick, Koren R.; Redmond, Kelly T.; Sawyer, Sarah C.; Stock, Sarah; Beissinger, Steven R.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Refugia have long been studied from paleontological and biogeographical perspectives to understand how populations persisted during past periods of unfavorable <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Recently, researchers have applied the idea to contemporary landscapes to identify <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> refugia, here defined as areas relatively buffered from contemporary <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> over time that enable persistence of valued physical, ecological, and socio-cultural resources. We differentiate historical and contemporary views, and characterize physical and ecological processes that create and maintain <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> refugia. We then delineate how refugia can fit into existing decision support frameworks for <span class="hlt">climate</span> adaptation and describe seven steps for managing them. Finally, we identify challenges and opportunities for operationalizing the concept of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> refugia. Managing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> refugia can be an important option for conservation in the face of ongoing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. PMID:27509088</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCC...8..459N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCC...8..459N"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> through an editorial lens</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nerlich, Brigitte</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Editorials provide an opportunity for <span class="hlt">international</span> science journals to exert influence on professional scientists and wider public discourse. Now research shows how editorials on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in Nature and Science respond to societal events and reflect the national contexts in which these journals are situated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29712800','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29712800"><span>Advances in risk assessment for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation policy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Adger, W Neil; Brown, Iain; Surminski, Swenja</p> <p>2018-06-13</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> risk assessment involves formal analysis of the consequences, likelihoods and responses to the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and the options for addressing these under societal constraints. Conventional approaches to risk assessment are challenged by the significant temporal and spatial dynamics of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>; by the amplification of risks through societal preferences and values; and through the interaction of multiple risk factors. This paper introduces the theme issue by reviewing the current practice and frontiers of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> risk assessment, with specific emphasis on the development of adaptation policy that aims to manage those risks. These frontiers include integrated assessments, dealing with <span class="hlt">climate</span> risks across borders and scales, addressing systemic risks, and innovative co-production methods to prioritize solutions to <span class="hlt">climate</span> challenges with decision-makers. By reviewing recent developments in the use of large-scale risk assessment for adaptation policy-making, we suggest a forward-looking research agenda to meet ongoing strategic policy requirements in local, national and <span class="hlt">international</span> contexts.This article is part of the theme issue 'Advances in risk assessment for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation policy'. © 2018 The Author(s).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018RSPTA.37680106A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018RSPTA.37680106A"><span>Advances in risk assessment for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation policy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Adger, W. Neil; Brown, Iain; Surminski, Swenja</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> risk assessment involves formal analysis of the consequences, likelihoods and responses to the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and the options for addressing these under societal constraints. Conventional approaches to risk assessment are challenged by the significant temporal and spatial dynamics of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>; by the amplification of risks through societal preferences and values; and through the interaction of multiple risk factors. This paper introduces the theme issue by reviewing the current practice and frontiers of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> risk assessment, with specific emphasis on the development of adaptation policy that aims to manage those risks. These frontiers include integrated assessments, dealing with <span class="hlt">climate</span> risks across borders and scales, addressing systemic risks, and innovative co-production methods to prioritize solutions to <span class="hlt">climate</span> challenges with decision-makers. By reviewing recent developments in the use of large-scale risk assessment for adaptation policy-making, we suggest a forward-looking research agenda to meet ongoing strategic policy requirements in local, national and <span class="hlt">international</span> contexts. This article is part of the theme issue `Advances in risk assessment for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation policy'.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_5 --> <div id="page_6" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="101"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5938640','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5938640"><span>Advances in risk assessment for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation policy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Adger, W. Neil; Brown, Iain; Surminski, Swenja</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> risk assessment involves formal analysis of the consequences, likelihoods and responses to the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and the options for addressing these under societal constraints. Conventional approaches to risk assessment are challenged by the significant temporal and spatial dynamics of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>; by the amplification of risks through societal preferences and values; and through the interaction of multiple risk factors. This paper introduces the theme issue by reviewing the current practice and frontiers of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> risk assessment, with specific emphasis on the development of adaptation policy that aims to manage those risks. These frontiers include integrated assessments, dealing with <span class="hlt">climate</span> risks across borders and scales, addressing systemic risks, and innovative co-production methods to prioritize solutions to <span class="hlt">climate</span> challenges with decision-makers. By reviewing recent developments in the use of large-scale risk assessment for adaptation policy-making, we suggest a forward-looking research agenda to meet ongoing strategic policy requirements in local, national and <span class="hlt">international</span> contexts. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Advances in risk assessment for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation policy’. PMID:29712800</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/31819','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/31819"><span>Chapter 3: <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> at multiple scales</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Constance Millar; Ron Neilson; Dominique Bachelet; Ray Drapek; Jim Lenihan</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>Concepts about the natural world influence approaches to forest management. In the popular press, <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> inevitably refers to global warming, greenhouse gas impacts, novel anthropogenic (human-induced) threats, and <span class="hlt">international</span> politics. There is, however, a larger context that informs our understanding of <span class="hlt">changes</span> that are occurring - that is, Earth’...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Magnus&pg=2&id=ED519338','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Magnus&pg=2&id=ED519338"><span>Education and <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>: Living and Learning in Interesting Times</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kagawa, Fumiyo, Ed.; Selby, David, Ed.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>There is widespread consensus in the <span class="hlt">international</span> scientific community that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is happening and that abrupt and irreversible impacts are already set in motion. What part does education have to play in helping alleviate rampant <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and in mitigating its worst effects? In this volume, contributors review and reflect upon…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27487117','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27487117"><span>The Influence of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Efficacy Messages and Efficacy Beliefs on Intended Political Participation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hart, P Sol; Feldman, Lauren</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Using an online survey experiment with a national sample, this study examined how <span class="hlt">changing</span> the type and valence of efficacy information in news stories discussing global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> may impact intended political participation through the mediators of perceived <span class="hlt">internal</span>, external, and response efficacy. Overall, the results revealed that after a single exposure to a news story, stories including positive <span class="hlt">internal</span> efficacy content increased perceived <span class="hlt">internal</span> efficacy, while stories including negative external efficacy content lowered perceived external efficacy. There were limited impacts of other types of efficacy content on perceived efficacy. Perceived <span class="hlt">internal</span>, external, and response efficacy all offered unique, positive associations with intentions to engage in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>-related political participation. The results suggest that news stories including positive <span class="hlt">internal</span> efficacy information in particular have the potential to increase public engagement around <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The implications for science communication are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4972420','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4972420"><span>The Influence of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Efficacy Messages and Efficacy Beliefs on Intended Political Participation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hart, P. Sol; Feldman, Lauren</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Using an online survey experiment with a national sample, this study examined how <span class="hlt">changing</span> the type and valence of efficacy information in news stories discussing global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> may impact intended political participation through the mediators of perceived <span class="hlt">internal</span>, external, and response efficacy. Overall, the results revealed that after a single exposure to a news story, stories including positive <span class="hlt">internal</span> efficacy content increased perceived <span class="hlt">internal</span> efficacy, while stories including negative external efficacy content lowered perceived external efficacy. There were limited impacts of other types of efficacy content on perceived efficacy. Perceived <span class="hlt">internal</span>, external, and response efficacy all offered unique, positive associations with intentions to engage in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>-related political participation. The results suggest that news stories including positive <span class="hlt">internal</span> efficacy information in particular have the potential to increase public engagement around <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The implications for science communication are discussed. PMID:27487117</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMPA41A..03W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMPA41A..03W"><span>America's <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Choices: Adapting to the Impacts of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (Invited)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wilbanks, T.; Yohe, G.; Mengelt, C.; Casola, J.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>At the request of Congress, the National Academy of Sciences convened a series of coordinated activities to provide advice on actions and strategies that the nation can take to respond to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. As part of this suite of activities, this study assessed, this study assessed how the nation can begin to adapt to the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Much of the nation’s experience to date in managing and protecting its people, resources, and infrastructure is based on the historic record of <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability during a period of relatively stable <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> calls for a new paradigm - one that considers a range of possible future <span class="hlt">climate</span> conditions and associated impacts. The Adapting to the Impacts of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> report calls for action at all levels of government, NGOs, and the private sector to assess vulnerabilities to the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and identify options for adaptation. Current adaptation efforts are hampered by a lack of solid information about the benefits, costs, and effectiveness of various adaptation options, by uncertainty about future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts at a scale necessary for decision-making, and by a lack of coordination. The report outlines a risk management framework that can be applied to assess vulnerabilities, compare and evaluate potential adaptation options, recognizing that decision makers across the country are likely to pursue a diverse set of adaptation measures. A major research effort is needed to improve knowledge about current and future vulnerabilities, explore new adaptation options, and better inform adaptation decisions. Therefore, the report also emphasizes the need to continually re-assess adaptation decisions as the experience and knowledge regarding effective adaptation evolves. A national adaptation strategy is needed in which the federal government would support and enhance adaptation activities undertaken by state, local, tribal, and private entities; identify and modify</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014NatCC...4..442S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014NatCC...4..442S"><span>A bargaining game analysis of <span class="hlt">international</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> negotiations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Smead, Rory; Sandler, Ronald L.; Forber, Patrick; Basl, John</p> <p>2014-06-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> have so far failed to achieve a robust <span class="hlt">international</span> agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Game theory has been used to investigate possible <span class="hlt">climate</span> negotiation solutions and strategies for accomplishing them. Negotiations have been primarily modelled as public goods games such as the Prisoner's Dilemma, though coordination games or games of conflict have also been used. Many of these models have solutions, in the form of equilibria, corresponding to possible positive outcomes--that is, agreements with the requisite emissions reduction commitments. Other work on large-scale social dilemmas suggests that it should be possible to resolve the <span class="hlt">climate</span> problem. It therefore seems that equilibrium selection may be a barrier to successful negotiations. Here we use an N-player bargaining game in an agent-based model with learning dynamics to examine the past failures of and future prospects for a robust <span class="hlt">international</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> agreement. The model suggests reasons why the desirable solutions identified in previous game-theoretic models have not yet been accomplished in practice and what mechanisms might be used to achieve these solutions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1045512-managing-risks-extreme-events-disasters-advance-climate-change-adaptation-special-report-intergovernmental-panel-climate-change-ipcc','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1045512-managing-risks-extreme-events-disasters-advance-climate-change-adaptation-special-report-intergovernmental-panel-climate-change-ipcc"><span>Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation. Special report of the Intergovernmental Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (IPCC)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Field, C.B.; Barros, V.; Stocker, T.F.</p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>This Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Adaptation (SREX) has been jointly coordinated by Working Groups I (WGI) and II (WGII) of the Intergovernmental Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (IPCC). The report focuses on the relationship between <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and extreme weather and <span class="hlt">climate</span> events, the impacts of such events, and the strategies to manage the associated risks. This Special Report, in particular, contributes to frame the challenge of dealing with extreme weather and <span class="hlt">climate</span> events as an issue in decision making under uncertainty, analyzing response in the context of risk management.more » The report consists of nine chapters, covering risk management; observed and projected <span class="hlt">changes</span> in extreme weather and <span class="hlt">climate</span> events; exposure and vulnerability to as well as losses resulting from such events; adaptation options from the local to the <span class="hlt">international</span> scale; the role of sustainable development in modulating risks; and insights from specific case studies. (LN)« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19277107','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19277107"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and malaria in Canada: a systems approach.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Berrang-Ford, L; Maclean, J D; Gyorkos, Theresa W; Ford, J D; Ogden, N H</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>This article examines the potential for <span class="hlt">changes</span> in imported and autochthonous malaria incidence in Canada as a consequence of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Drawing on a systems framework, we qualitatively characterize and assess the potential direct and indirect impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on malaria in Canada within the context of other concurrent ecological and social trends. Competent malaria vectors currently exist in southern Canada, including within this range several major urban centres, and conditions here have historically supported endemic malaria transmission. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will increase the occurrence of temperature conditions suitable for malaria transmission in Canada, which, combined with trends in <span class="hlt">international</span> travel, immigration, drug resistance, and inexperience in both clinical and laboratory diagnosis, may increase malaria incidence in Canada and permit sporadic autochthonous cases. This conclusion challenges the general assumption of negligible malaria risk in Canada with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2648659','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2648659"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> and Malaria in Canada: A Systems Approach</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Berrang-Ford, L.; MacLean, J. D.; Gyorkos, Theresa W.; Ford, J. D.; Ogden, N. H.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>This article examines the potential for <span class="hlt">changes</span> in imported and autochthonous malaria incidence in Canada as a consequence of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Drawing on a systems framework, we qualitatively characterize and assess the potential direct and indirect impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on malaria in Canada within the context of other concurrent ecological and social trends. Competent malaria vectors currently exist in southern Canada, including within this range several major urban centres, and conditions here have historically supported endemic malaria transmission. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will increase the occurrence of temperature conditions suitable for malaria transmission in Canada, which, combined with trends in <span class="hlt">international</span> travel, immigration, drug resistance, and inexperience in both clinical and laboratory diagnosis, may increase malaria incidence in Canada and permit sporadic autochthonous cases. This conclusion challenges the general assumption of negligible malaria risk in Canada with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. PMID:19277107</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ERL.....2d5008G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ERL.....2d5008G"><span>EDITORIAL: Northern Hemisphere high latitude <span class="hlt">climate</span> and environmental <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Groisman, Pavel; Soja, Amber</p> <p>2007-10-01</p> <p>High Northern Hemisphere latitudes are undergoing rapid and significant <span class="hlt">change</span> associated with <span class="hlt">climate</span> warming. <span class="hlt">Climatic</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in this region interacts with and affects the rate of the global <span class="hlt">change</span> through atmospheric circulation, biogeophysical, and biogeochemical feedbacks. <span class="hlt">Changes</span> in the surface energy balance, hydrologic cycle, and carbon budget feedback to regional and global weather and <span class="hlt">climate</span> systems. Two-thirds of the Northern Hemisphere high latitude land mass resides in Northern Eurasia (~20% of the global land mass), and this region has undergone sweeping socio-economic <span class="hlt">change</span> throughout the 20th century. How this carbon-rich, cold region component of the Earth system functions as a regional entity and interacts with and feeds back to the greater global system is to a large extent unknown. To mitigate the deficiencies in understanding these feedbacks, which may in turn hamper our understanding of the global <span class="hlt">change</span> rates and patterns, an initiative was formed. Three years ago the Northern Eurasia Earth Science Partnership Initiative (NEESPI) was established to address large-scale and long-term manifestations of <span class="hlt">climate</span> and environmental <span class="hlt">change</span> in this region. The NEESPI Science Plan and its Executive Summary have been published at the NEESPI web site (neespi.org). Since 2004, NEESPI participants have been able to seed several waves of research proposals to <span class="hlt">international</span> and national funding agencies and institutions and also contribute to the <span class="hlt">International</span> Polar Year. Currently, NEESPI is widely recognized and endorsed by several Earth System Science Partnership (ESSP) programmes and projects: the <span class="hlt">International</span> Geosphere and Biosphere Programme, the World <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Research Programme through the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment and <span class="hlt">Climate</span> and Cryosphere Projects, the Global Water System Project, Global Carbon Project, Global Land Project, and the Integrated Land Ecosystem—Atmosphere Processes Study. Through NEESPI, more than 100 individually</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5821002','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5821002"><span>An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report: <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> and Human Health</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Pinkerton, Kent E.; Rom, William N.; Akpinar-Elci, Muge; Balmes, John R.; Bayram, Hasan; Brandli, Otto; Hollingsworth, John W.; Kinney, Patrick L.; Margolis, Helene G.; Martin, William J.; Sasser, Erika N.; Smith, Kirk R.; Takaro, Tim K.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>This document presents the proceedings from the American Thoracic Society <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> and Respiratory Health Workshop that was held on May 15, 2010, in New Orleans, Louisiana. The purpose of the one-day meeting was to address the threat to global respiratory health posed by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Domestic and <span class="hlt">international</span> experts as well as representatives of <span class="hlt">international</span> respiratory societies and key U.S. federal agencies convened to identify necessary research questions concerning <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and respiratory health and appropriate mechanisms and infrastructure needs for answering these questions. After much discussion, a breakout group compiled 27 recommendations for physicians, researchers, and policy makers. These recommendations are listed under main issues that the workshop participants deemed of key importance to respiratory health. Issues include the following: (1) the health impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, with specific focus on the effect of heat waves, air pollution, and natural cycles; (2) mitigation and adaptation measures to be taken, with special emphasis on recommendations for the clinical and research community; (3) recognition of challenges specific to low-resource countries when coping with respiratory health and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>; and (4) priority research infrastructure needs, with special discussion of <span class="hlt">international</span> needs for cooperating with present and future environmental monitoring and alert systems. PMID:22421581</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..129a2038L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..129a2038L"><span>The precautionary principle in fisheries management under <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: How the <span class="hlt">international</span> legal framework formulate it?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Latifah, E.; Imanullah, M. N.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>One of the objectives of fisheries management is to reach long-term sustainable benefits of the fish stocks while reducing the risk of severe or irreversible damage to the marine ecosystem. Achieving this objective needs, the good scientific knowledge and understanding on fisheries management including scientific data and information on the fish stock, fishing catch, distribution, migration, the proportion of mature fish, the mortality rate, reproduction as well as the knowledge on the impact of fishing on dependent and associated species and other species belonging to the same ecosystem, and further the impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability on the fish stocks and marine ecosystem. Lack of this scientific knowledge may lead to high levels of uncertainty. The precautionary principle is one of the basic environmental principles needed in overcoming this problem. An essence of this principle is that, in facing the serious risk as a result of the limited scientific knowledge or the absence of complete evidence of harm, it should not prevent the precautionary measures in minimizing risks and protecting the fish stocks and ecosystem. This study aims to examine how the precautionary principle in fisheries management be formulated into the <span class="hlt">international</span> legal framework, especially under the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> framework.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=ocean+AND+climate+AND+changes&pg=3&id=EJ398240','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=ocean+AND+climate+AND+changes&pg=3&id=EJ398240"><span>The <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Schneider, Stephen H.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>Discusses the global <span class="hlt">change</span> of <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Presents the trend of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> with graphs. Describes mathematical <span class="hlt">climate</span> models including expressions for the interacting components of the ocean-atmosphere system and equations representing the basic physical laws governing their behavior. Provides three possible responses on the <span class="hlt">change</span>. (YP)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1089277-climate-change-energy-security-nexus','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1089277-climate-change-energy-security-nexus"><span>The <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and energy security nexus</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>King, Marcus Dubois; Gulledge, Jay</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The study of the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on national and <span class="hlt">interna-tional</span> security has grown as a research field, particularly in the last five years. Within this broad field, academic scholarship has concentrated primarily on whether <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is, or may become, a driver of violent conflict. This relationship remains highly contested. However, national security policy and many non-governmental organizations have identified <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as a threat multiplier in conflict situations. The U.S. Department of Defense and the United Kingdom's Ministry of Defense have incorporated these findings into strategic planning documents such as the Quadrennial Defense Review and the Strategicmore » Defence and Security Review. In contrast to the <span class="hlt">climate</span>-conflict nexus, our analysis found that academic scholarship on the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and energy security nexus is small and more disciplinarily focused. In fact, a search of social science litera-ture found few sources, with a significant percentage of these works attribut-able to a single journal. Assuming that policymakers are more likely to rely on broader social science literature than technical or scientific journals, this leaves a limited foundation. This then begged the question: what are these sources? We identified a body of grey literature on the nexus of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and energy security of a greater size than the body of peer-reviewed social science literature. We reviewed fifty-eight recent reports, issue briefs, and transcripts to better understand the nexus of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and energy security, as well as to gain insight about the questions policymakers need answered by those undertaking the research. In this article, we describe the nature of the sources reviewed, highlight possible <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and energy security linkages found within those sources, identify emerging risks, and offer conclusions that can guide further research.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26692656','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26692656"><span>Amplification or suppression: Social networks and the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>-migration association in rural Mexico.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nawrotzki, Raphael J; Riosmena, Fernando; Hunter, Lori M; Runfola, Daniel M</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>Increasing rates of <span class="hlt">climate</span> migration may be of economic and national concern to sending and destination countries. It has been argued that social networks - the ties connecting an origin and destination - may operate as "migration corridors" with the potential to strongly facilitate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>-related migration. This study investigates whether social networks at the household and community levels amplify or suppress the impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on <span class="hlt">international</span> migration from rural Mexico. A novel set of 15 <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> indices was generated based on daily temperature and precipitation data for 214 weather stations across Mexico. Employing geostatistical interpolation techniques, the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> values were linked to 68 rural municipalities for which sociodemographic data and detailed migration histories were available from the Mexican Migration Project. Multi-level discrete-time event-history models were used to investigate the effect of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on <span class="hlt">international</span> migration between 1986 and 1999. At the household level, the effect of social networks was approximated by comparing the first to the last move, assuming that through the first move a household establishes <span class="hlt">internal</span> social capital. At the community level, the impact of social capital was explored through interactions with a measure of the proportion of adults with migration experience. The results show that rather than amplifying , social capital may suppress the sensitivity of migration to <span class="hlt">climate</span> triggers, suggesting that social networks could facilitate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation in place.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/12152','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/12152"><span><span class="hlt">International</span> practices on <span class="hlt">climate</span> adaptation in transportation : findings from a virtual review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) conducted an <span class="hlt">international</span> review to study how <span class="hlt">international</span> transportation agencies are addressing issues related to adapting highway infrastructure to the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The review involved tran...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22266739','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22266739"><span>An ill wind? <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, migration, and health.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>McMichael, Celia; Barnett, Jon; McMichael, Anthony J</p> <p>2012-05-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is projected to cause substantial increases in population movement in coming decades. Previous research has considered the likely causal influences and magnitude of such movements and the risks to national and <span class="hlt">international</span> security. There has been little research on the consequences of <span class="hlt">climate</span>-related migration and the health of people who move. In this review, we explore the role that health impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> may play in population movements and then examine the health implications of three types of movements likely to be induced by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: forcible displacement by <span class="hlt">climate</span> impacts, resettlement schemes, and migration as an adaptive response. This risk assessment draws on research into the health of refugees, migrants, and people in resettlement schemes as analogs of the likely health consequences of <span class="hlt">climate</span>-related migration. Some account is taken of the possible modulation of those health risks by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. <span class="hlt">Climate-change</span>-related migration is likely to result in adverse health outcomes, both for displaced and for host populations, particularly in situations of forced migration. However, where migration and other mobility are used as adaptive strategies, health risks are likely to be minimized, and in some cases there will be health gains. Purposeful and timely policy interventions can facilitate the mobility of people, enhance well-being, and maximize social and economic development in both places of origin and places of destination. Nevertheless, the anticipated occurrence of substantial relocation of groups and communities will underscore the fundamental seriousness of human-induced <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?direntryid=331173','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?direntryid=331173"><span>Managing <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Refugia for <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Adaptation ...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The concept of refugia has long been studied from theoretical and paleontological perspectives to understand how populations persisted during past periods of unfavorable <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Recently, researchers have applied the idea to contemporary landscapes to identify <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> refugia, locations that may be unusually buffered from <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> effects so as to increase persistence of valued resources. Here we distinguish between paleoecological and contemporary viewpoints, characterize physical and ecological processes that create and maintain <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> refugia, summarize the process of identifying and mapping them, and delineate how refugia can fit into the existing framework of natural resource management. We also suggest three primary courses of action at these sites: prioritization, protection, and propagation. Although not a panacea, managing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> refugia can be an important adaptation option for conserving valuable resources in the face of ongoing and future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. “In a nutshell” (100 words) • <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> refugia are defined as areas relatively buffered from contemporary <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, enabling persistence of valued physical, ecological, and cultural resources. • Refugia can be incorporated as key components of a <span class="hlt">climate</span> adaptation strategy because their prioritization by management may enable their associated resources to persist locally and eventually spread to future suitable habitat. • Steps for</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPA32A..11S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPA32A..11S"><span>Assessing ExxonMobil's <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Communications (1977-2014)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Supran, G.; Oreskes, N.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Coal, oil, and gas companies have operated - and continue to operate - across myriad facets of the <span class="hlt">climate</span> problem: scientific, political, and public. Efforts to engage the fossil fuel industry in addressing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> should therefore be informed by this broad historical context. In this paper, we present an empirical document-by-document textual content analysis and comparison of 187 diverse <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> communications from ExxonMobil spanning 1977 to 2014, including peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed publications, <span class="hlt">internal</span> company documents, and paid, editorial-style advertisements ("advertorials") in The New York Times. We examine whether these communications sent consistent messages about the state of <span class="hlt">climate</span> science and its implications - specifically, we compare their positions on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as real, human-caused, serious, and solvable. In all four cases, we find that as documents become more publicly accessible, they increasingly communicate doubt. That is, ExxonMobil contributed to advancing <span class="hlt">climate</span> science - by way of its scientists' academic publications - but promoted doubt about it in advertorials. Our findings shed light on one oil and gas company's multivalent strategic responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. They offer a cautionary tale against myopic engagement with the fossil fuel industry, demonstrating the importance of evaluating the full spectrum of a company's claims and activities.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_6 --> <div id="page_7" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="121"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21850505','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21850505"><span><span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>, challenging choices: identifying and evaluating <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation options for protected areas management in Ontario, Canada.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lemieux, Christopher J; Scott, Daniel J</p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will pose increasingly significant challenges to managers of parks and other forms of protected areas around the world. Over the past two decades, numerous scientific publications have identified potential adaptations, but their suitability from legal, policy, financial, <span class="hlt">internal</span> capacity, and other management perspectives has not been evaluated for any protected area agency or organization. In this study, a panel of protected area experts applied a Policy Delphi methodology to identify and evaluate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation options across the primary management areas of a protected area agency in Canada. The panel identified and evaluated one hundred and sixty five (165) adaptation options for their perceived desirability and feasibility. While the results revealed a high level of agreement with respect to the desirability of adaptation options and a moderate level of capacity pertaining to policy formulation and management direction, a perception of low capacity for implementation in most other program areas was identified. A separate panel of senior park agency decision-makers used a multiple criterion decision-facilitation matrix to further evaluate the institutional feasibility of the 56 most desirable adaptation options identified by the initial expert panel and to prioritize them for consideration in a <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> action plan. Critically, only two of the 56 adaptation options evaluated by senior decision-makers were deemed definitely implementable, due largely to fiscal and <span class="hlt">internal</span> capacity limitations. These challenges are common to protected area agencies in developed countries and pervade those in developing countries, revealing that limited adaptive capacity represents a substantive barrier to biodiversity conservation and other protected area management objectives in an era of rapid <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011EnMan..48..675L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011EnMan..48..675L"><span><span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span>, Challenging Choices: Identifying and Evaluating <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Adaptation Options for Protected Areas Management in Ontario, Canada</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lemieux, Christopher J.; Scott, Daniel J.</p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will pose increasingly significant challenges to managers of parks and other forms of protected areas around the world. Over the past two decades, numerous scientific publications have identified potential adaptations, but their suitability from legal, policy, financial, <span class="hlt">internal</span> capacity, and other management perspectives has not been evaluated for any protected area agency or organization. In this study, a panel of protected area experts applied a Policy Delphi methodology to identify and evaluate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation options across the primary management areas of a protected area agency in Canada. The panel identified and evaluated one hundred and sixty five (165) adaptation options for their perceived desirability and feasibility. While the results revealed a high level of agreement with respect to the desirability of adaptation options and a moderate level of capacity pertaining to policy formulation and management direction, a perception of low capacity for implementation in most other program areas was identified. A separate panel of senior park agency decision-makers used a multiple criterion decision-facilitation matrix to further evaluate the institutional feasibility of the 56 most desirable adaptation options identified by the initial expert panel and to prioritize them for consideration in a <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> action plan. Critically, only two of the 56 adaptation options evaluated by senior decision-makers were deemed definitely implementable, due largely to fiscal and <span class="hlt">internal</span> capacity limitations. These challenges are common to protected area agencies in developed countries and pervade those in developing countries, revealing that limited adaptive capacity represents a substantive barrier to biodiversity conservation and other protected area management objectives in an era of rapid <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21132943','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21132943"><span>Taking a <span class="hlt">climate</span> chance: a procedural critique of Vietnam's <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> strategy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fortier, François</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>This article asks through what processes and for which interests the emerging Vietnamese <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> strategy is being designed, and if, ultimately, it is likely or not to be effective in the face of the looming threat. Through a review of an emerging body of literature and field observations, the paper finds the strategy partial and problematic in several ways. Its technocratic process prevents a pluralist representation of interests, obfuscating and perpetuating sectorial ones, at the expense of a more transparent and democratic resource allocation. The strategy therefore reflects and reinforces existing power relations in both politics and production. It feeds into a business-as-usual complacency, protecting national and <span class="hlt">international</span> interests vested in unchallenged continuity, even when considering post-carbon technological fixes, which largely serve to expand capital accumulation opportunities. The article concludes that the national <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> strategy provides an illusion of intervention and security, but largely fails to identify and mitigate the underlying causes of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, or to lay the ground for a robust mid- and long-term adaptation strategy that can cope with yet unknown levels of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> and other structural <span class="hlt">changes</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24152918','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24152918"><span>The <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>-infectious disease nexus: is it time for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> syndemics?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Heffernan, Claire</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Conceptualizing <span class="hlt">climate</span> as a distinct variable limits our understanding of the synergies and interactions between <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and the range of abiotic and biotic factors, which influence animal health. Frameworks such as eco-epidemiology and the epi-systems approach, while more holistic, view <span class="hlt">climate</span> and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as one of many discreet drivers of disease. Here, I argue for a new paradigmatic framework: <span class="hlt">climate-change</span> syndemics. <span class="hlt">Climate-change</span> syndemics begins from the assumption that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is one of many potential influences on infectious disease processes, but crucially is unlikely to act independently or in isolation; and as such, it is the inter-relationship between factors that take primacy in explorations of infectious disease and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Equally importantly, as <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will impact a wide range of diseases, the frame of analysis is at the collective rather than individual level (for both human and animal infectious disease) across populations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22314857','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22314857"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> policy in India: what shapes <span class="hlt">international</span>, national and state policy?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Atteridge, Aaron; Shrivastava, Manish Kumar; Pahuja, Neha; Upadhyay, Himani</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>At the <span class="hlt">international</span> level, India is emerging as a key actor in <span class="hlt">climate</span> negotiations, while at the national and sub-national levels, the <span class="hlt">climate</span> policy landscape is becoming more active and more ambitious. It is essential to unravel this complex landscape if we are to understand why policy looks the way it does, and the extent to which India might contribute to a future <span class="hlt">international</span> framework for tackling <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as well as how <span class="hlt">international</span> parties might cooperate with and support India's domestic efforts. Drawing on both primary and secondary data, this paper analyzes the material and ideational drivers that are most strongly influencing policy choices at different levels, from <span class="hlt">international</span> negotiations down to individual states. We argue that at each level of decision making in India, <span class="hlt">climate</span> policy is embedded in wider policy concerns. In the <span class="hlt">international</span> realm, it is being woven into broader foreign policy strategy, while domestically, it is being shaped to serve national and sub-national development interests. While our analysis highlights some common drivers at all levels, it also finds that their influences over policy are not uniform across the different arenas, and in some cases, they work in different ways at different levels of policy. We also indicate what this may mean for the likely acceptability within India of various <span class="hlt">climate</span> policies being pushed at the <span class="hlt">international</span> level.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ERL.....4b4006F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ERL.....4b4006F"><span>Dangerous <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and the importance of adaptation for the Arctic's Inuit population</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ford, James D.</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>The Arctic's <span class="hlt">climate</span> is <span class="hlt">changing</span> rapidly, to the extent that 'dangerous' <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as defined by the United Nations Framework on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> might already be occurring. These <span class="hlt">changes</span> are having implications for the Arctic's Inuit population and are being exacerbated by the dependence of Inuit on biophysical resources for livelihoods and the low socio-economic-health status of many northern communities. Given the nature of current <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and projections of a rapidly warming Arctic, <span class="hlt">climate</span> policy assumes a particular importance for Inuit regions. This paper argues that efforts to stabilize and reduce greenhouse gas emissions are urgent if we are to avoid runaway <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in the Arctic, but unlikely to prevent <span class="hlt">changes</span> which will be dangerous for Inuit. In this context, a new policy discourse on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is required for Arctic regions—one that focuses on adaptation. The paper demonstrates that states with Inuit populations and the <span class="hlt">international</span> community in general has obligations to assist Inuit to adapt to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> through <span class="hlt">international</span> human rights and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> treaties. However, the adaptation deficit, in terms of what we know and what we need to know to facilitate successful adaptation, is particularly large in an Arctic context and limiting the ability to develop response options. Moreover, adaptation as an option of response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is still marginal in policy negotiations and Inuit political actors have been slow to argue the need for adaptation assistance. A new focus on adaptation in both policy negotiations and scientific research is needed to enhance Inuit resilience and reduce vulnerability in a rapidly <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=BEACON&pg=4&id=EJ911887','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=BEACON&pg=4&id=EJ911887"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Schools Project...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>McKinzey, Krista</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>This article features the award-winning <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Schools Project which aims to: (1) help schools to embed <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> throughout the national curriculum; and (2) showcase schools as "beacons" for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> teaching, learning, and positive action in their local communities. Operating since 2007, the <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Schools…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGC21E0989A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGC21E0989A"><span>Role of <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Variability in Surface Temperature and Precipitation <span class="hlt">Change</span> Uncertainties over India.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Achutarao, K. M.; Singh, R.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>There are various sources of uncertainty in model projections of future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. These include differences in the formulation of <span class="hlt">climate</span> models, <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability, and differences in scenarios. <span class="hlt">Internal</span> variability in a <span class="hlt">climate</span> system represents the unforced <span class="hlt">change</span> due to the chaotic nature of the <span class="hlt">climate</span> system and is considered irreducible (Deser et al., 2012). <span class="hlt">Internal</span> variability becomes important at regional scales where it can dominate forced <span class="hlt">changes</span>. Therefore it needs to be carefully assessed in future projections. In this study we segregate the role of <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability in the future temperature and precipitation projections over the Indian region. We make use of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project - phase 5 (CMIP5; Taylor et al., 2012) database containing <span class="hlt">climate</span> model simulations carried out by various modeling centers around the world. While the CMIP5 experimental protocol recommended producing numerous ensemble members, only a handful of the modeling groups provided multiple realizations. Having a small number of realizations is a limitation in producing a quantification of <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability. We therefore exploit the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM-LE; Kay et al., 2014) dataset which contains a 40 member ensemble of a single model- CESM1 (CAM5) to explore the role of <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability in Future Projections. Surface air temperature and precipitation <span class="hlt">change</span> projections over regional and sub-regional scale are analyzed under the IPCC emission scenario (RCP8.5) for different seasons and homogeneous <span class="hlt">climatic</span> zones over India. We analyze the spread in projections due to <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability in the CESM-LE and CMIP5 datasets over these regions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMED11B0780N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMED11B0780N"><span>Bahamians and <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>: An Analysis of Risk Perception and <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Literacy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Neely, R.; Owens, M. A.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>The Commonwealth of the Bahamas is forecasted to be adversely impacted by the effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. This presentation will present the results of an assessment of the risk perception toward <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> literacy among Bahamians. 499 Bahamians from the health care and hospitality industries participated in surveys and/or focus groups and three (3) areas of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> literacy (attitude, behavior and knowledge) were analyzed as well as risk perception. In general, 1) Bahamians demonstrated an elementary understanding of the underlying causes of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, 2) possessed positive attitudes toward adopting new <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> policies, and 3) are already adjusting their behaviors in light of the current predictions. This research also resulted in the development of a model of the relationships between the <span class="hlt">climate</span> literacy subscales (attitude, behavior and knowledge) and risk perception. This study also examined information sources and their impacts on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> literacy. As the source of information is important in assessing the quality of the information, participants also identified the source(s) of most of their <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> information. The TV news was cited as the most common source for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> information among Bahamians. As there is limited active research generating specific <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> information in the Bahamas, all the information Bahamians receive as it pertains to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is generated abroad. As a result, Bahamians must decipher through to make sense of it on an individual level. From the focus groups, many of the participants have been able to view possible <span class="hlt">changes</span> through a cultural lens and are willing to make adjustments to maintain the uniqueness and viability of the Bahamas and to preserve it for generations. Continued study of Bahamians' <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> literacy will inform adaption and mitigation policy as well as individual action.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMED14A..01S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMED14A..01S"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Education in the U.S. Affiliated Pacific Islands</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sussman, A.; Fletcher, C. H.; Sachs, J. P.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>The Pacific Islands <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Education Partnership (PCEP) serves the U.S. Affiliated Pacific Island (USAPI) Region. The <span class="hlt">international</span> entities served by PCEP are the state of Hawai';i (USA); three Freely Associated States (the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau), and three Territories (Guam, Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, and American Samoa). These Pacific Islands spread across 4.9 million square miles and include diverse indigenous cultures and languages. Many USAPI students live considerably below the poverty line. The Pacific Island region is projected to experience some of the most profound negative impacts considerably sooner than other regions. Funded by NSF, the PCEP aims to educate the region's students and citizens in ways that exemplify modern science and indigenous environmental knowledge, address the urgency of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts, and honor indigenous cultures. Students and citizens within the region will have the knowledge and skills to advance their and our understanding of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and to adapt to its impacts. The PCEP Strategic Plan incorporates a range of interconnected strategic goals grouped into four priority education areas: <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Education Framework --Implement a next-generation <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Education Framework that focuses on the content and skills necessary for understanding the science of global and Pacific island <span class="hlt">climates</span>, as well as the adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> impacts in the USAPI region. Indigenous Knowledge and Practices --Gather appropriate local indigenous knowledge based on the cultural stories and traditional practices related to environmental stewardship, <span class="hlt">climate</span>, and local <span class="hlt">climate</span> adaptation strategies. Learning and Teaching--Enhance conditions for learning about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in K-14 classrooms with the CEF through college-based, credentialed <span class="hlt">climate</span> education programs; professional learning opportunities for teachers; and increased teacher</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3524451','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3524451"><span>Policy Directions Addressing the Public Health Impact of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> in South Korea: The <span class="hlt">Climate-change</span> Health Adaptation and Mitigation Program</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Shin, Yong Seung</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, caused by global warming, is increasingly recognized as a major threat to mankind's survival. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> concurrently has both direct and modifying influences on environmental, social, and public health systems undermining human health as a whole. Environmental health policy-makers need to make use of political and technological alternatives to address these ramifying effects. The objective of this paper is to review public health policy in Korea, as well as <span class="hlt">internationally</span>, particularly as it relates to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> health adaptation and mitigation programs (such as C-CHAMP of Korea), in order to assess and elicit directions for a robust environmental health policy that is adaptive to the health impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. In Korea, comprehensive measures to prevent or mitigate overall health effects are limited, and the diffusion of responsibility among various government departments makes consistency in policy execution very difficult. This paper proposes integration, synergy, and utilization as the three core principles of policy direction for the assessment and adaptation to the health impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. For specific action plans, we suggest policy making based on scientifically integrated health impact assessments and the prioritization of environmental factors in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>; the development of practical and technological tools that support policy decisions by making their political implementation more efficient; and customized policy development that deals with the vulnerability of local communities. PMID:23256088</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23256088','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23256088"><span>Policy Directions Addressing the Public Health Impact of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> in South Korea: The <span class="hlt">Climate-change</span> Health Adaptation and Mitigation Program.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shin, Yong Seung; Ha, Jongsik</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, caused by global warming, is increasingly recognized as a major threat to mankind's survival. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> concurrently has both direct and modifying influences on environmental, social, and public health systems undermining human health as a whole. Environmental health policy-makers need to make use of political and technological alternatives to address these ramifying effects. The objective of this paper is to review public health policy in Korea, as well as <span class="hlt">internationally</span>, particularly as it relates to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> health adaptation and mitigation programs (such as C-CHAMP of Korea), in order to assess and elicit directions for a robust environmental health policy that is adaptive to the health impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. In Korea, comprehensive measures to prevent or mitigate overall health effects are limited, and the diffusion of responsibility among various government departments makes consistency in policy execution very difficult. This paper proposes integration, synergy, and utilization as the three core principles of policy direction for the assessment and adaptation to the health impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. For specific action plans, we suggest policy making based on scientifically integrated health impact assessments and the prioritization of environmental factors in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>; the development of practical and technological tools that support policy decisions by making their political implementation more efficient; and customized policy development that deals with the vulnerability of local communities.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3346786','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3346786"><span>An Ill Wind? <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>, Migration, and Health</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Barnett, Jon</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Background: <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is projected to cause substantial increases in population movement in coming decades. Previous research has considered the likely causal influences and magnitude of such movements and the risks to national and <span class="hlt">international</span> security. There has been little research on the consequences of <span class="hlt">climate</span>-related migration and the health of people who move. Objectives: In this review, we explore the role that health impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> may play in population movements and then examine the health implications of three types of movements likely to be induced by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: forcible displacement by <span class="hlt">climate</span> impacts, resettlement schemes, and migration as an adaptive response. Methods: This risk assessment draws on research into the health of refugees, migrants, and people in resettlement schemes as analogs of the likely health consequences of <span class="hlt">climate</span>-related migration. Some account is taken of the possible modulation of those health risks by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Discussion: <span class="hlt">Climate</span>-change–related migration is likely to result in adverse health outcomes, both for displaced and for host populations, particularly in situations of forced migration. However, where migration and other mobility are used as adaptive strategies, health risks are likely to be minimized, and in some cases there will be health gains. Conclusions: Purposeful and timely policy interventions can facilitate the mobility of people, enhance well-being, and maximize social and economic development in both places of origin and places of destination. Nevertheless, the anticipated occurrence of substantial relocation of groups and communities will underscore the fundamental seriousness of human-induced <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. PMID:22266739</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ERL....12k4003M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ERL....12k4003M"><span>Impact of <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability on projections of Sahel precipitation <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Monerie, Paul-Arthur; Sanchez-Gomez, Emilia; Pohl, Benjamin; Robson, Jon; Dong, Buwen</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>The impact of the increase of greenhouse gases on Sahelian precipitation is very uncertain in both its spatial pattern and magnitude. In particular, the relative importance of <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability versus external forcings depends on the time horizon considered in the <span class="hlt">climate</span> projection. In this study we address the respective roles of the <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability versus external forcings on Sahelian precipitation by using the data from the CESM Large Ensemble Project, which consists of a 40 member ensemble performed with the CESM1-CAM5 coupled model for the period 1920-2100. We show that CESM1-CAM5 is able to simulate the mean and interannual variability of Sahel precipitation, and is representative of a CMIP5 ensemble of simulations (i.e. it simulates the same pattern of precipitation <span class="hlt">change</span> along with equivalent magnitude and seasonal cycle <span class="hlt">changes</span> as the CMIP5 ensemble mean). However, CESM1-CAM5 underestimates the long-term decadal variability in Sahel precipitation. For short-term (2010-2049) and mid-term (2030-2069) projections the simulated <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability component is able to obscure the projected impact of the external forcing. For long-term (2060-2099) projections external forcing induced <span class="hlt">change</span> becomes stronger than simulated <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability. Precipitation <span class="hlt">changes</span> are found to be more robust over the central Sahel than over the western Sahel, where <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> effects struggle to emerge. Ten (thirty) members are needed to separate the 10 year averaged forced response from <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability response in the western Sahel for a long-term (short-term) horizon. Over the central Sahel two members (ten members) are needed for a long-term (short-term) horizon.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17450754','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17450754"><span>[Research advances in vulnerability assessment of natural ecosystem response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhao, Hui-xia; Wu, Shao-hong; Jiang, Lu-guang</p> <p>2007-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> with global warming as the sign has been caught great attention by the governments, <span class="hlt">international</span> organizations, and scientists in the world. Human society and natural ecosystem are both exposed to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and more and more people are waked up by its increasing harm. Vulnerability analysis and assessment are the key and basis for adapting and mitigating <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, being the highlight in the research fields of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and ecology in recent years. The vulnerability assessment of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is being carried out in various research fields and on different scales, and much progress has been made. This paper introduced the concept of vulnerability, and summarized the research progress in vulnerability assessment of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, with the focus on the frame and methodology of vulnerability assessment of natural ecosystem response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The existed problems and future prospects in this research area were also discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29170567','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29170567"><span>Predicting ecological responses in a <span class="hlt">changing</span> ocean: the effects of future <span class="hlt">climate</span> uncertainty.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Freer, Jennifer J; Partridge, Julian C; Tarling, Geraint A; Collins, Martin A; Genner, Martin J</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Predicting how species will respond to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is a growing field in marine ecology, yet knowledge of how to incorporate the uncertainty from future <span class="hlt">climate</span> data into these predictions remains a significant challenge. To help overcome it, this review separates <span class="hlt">climate</span> uncertainty into its three components (scenario uncertainty, model uncertainty, and <span class="hlt">internal</span> model variability) and identifies four criteria that constitute a thorough interpretation of an ecological response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in relation to these parts (awareness, access, incorporation, communication). Through a literature review, the extent to which the marine ecology community has addressed these criteria in their predictions was assessed. Despite a high awareness of <span class="hlt">climate</span> uncertainty, articles favoured the most severe emission scenario, and only a subset of <span class="hlt">climate</span> models were used as input into ecological analyses. In the case of sea surface temperature, these models can have projections unrepresentative against a larger ensemble mean. Moreover, 91% of studies failed to incorporate the <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability of a <span class="hlt">climate</span> model into results. We explored the influence that the choice of emission scenario, <span class="hlt">climate</span> model, and model realisation can have when predicting the future distribution of the pelagic fish, Electrona antarctica . Future distributions were highly influenced by the choice of <span class="hlt">climate</span> model, and in some cases, <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability was important in determining the direction and severity of the distribution <span class="hlt">change</span>. Increased clarity and availability of processed <span class="hlt">climate</span> data would facilitate more comprehensive explorations of <span class="hlt">climate</span> uncertainty, and increase in the quality and standard of marine prediction studies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.C41B0670T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.C41B0670T"><span>Estimating the impact of <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability on ice sheet model simulations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tsai, C. Y.; Forest, C. E.; Pollard, D.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Rising sea level threatens human societies and coastal habitats and melting ice sheets are a major contributor to sea level rise (SLR). Thus, understanding uncertainty of both forcing and variability within the <span class="hlt">climate</span> system is essential for assessing long-term risk of SLR given their impact on ice sheet evolution. The predictability of polar <span class="hlt">climate</span> is limited by uncertainties from the given forcing, the <span class="hlt">climate</span> model response to this forcing, and the <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability from feedbacks within the fully coupled <span class="hlt">climate</span> system. Among those sources of uncertainty, the impact of <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability on ice sheet <span class="hlt">changes</span> has not yet been robustly assessed. Here we investigate how <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability affects ice sheet projections using <span class="hlt">climate</span> fields from two Community Earth System Model (CESM) large-ensemble (LE) experiments to force a three-dimensional ice sheet model. Each ensemble member in an LE experiment undergoes the same external forcings but with unique initial conditions. We find that for both LEs, 2m air temperature variability over Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) can lead to significantly different ice sheet responses. Our results show that the <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability from two fully coupled CESM LEs can cause about 25 35 mm differences of GrIS's contribution to SLR in 2100 compared to present day (about 20% of the total <span class="hlt">change</span>), and 100m differences of SLR in 2300. Moreover, only using ensemble-mean <span class="hlt">climate</span> fields as the forcing in ice sheet model can significantly underestimate the melt of GrIS. As the Arctic region becomes warmer, the role of <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability is critical given the complex nonlinear interactions between surface temperature and ice sheet. Our results demonstrate that <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability from coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model can affect ice sheet simulations and the resulting sea-level projections. This study highlights an urgent need to reassess associated uncertainties of projecting ice sheet loss over the next few</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15...20K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15...20K"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in the Pacific - is it real or not?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kuleshov, Yuriy</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>In this presentation, novel approaches and new ideas for students and young researchers to appreciate the importance of <span class="hlt">climate</span> science are discussed. These approaches have been applied through conducting a number of training workshops in the Pacific Island Countries and teaching a course on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> <span class="hlt">international</span> law and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science at the University of the South Pacific (USP) - the first course on this type in the Pacific. Particular focus of this presentation is on broadening students' experience with application of web-based information tools for analysis of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> extremes and natural hazards such as tropical cyclones. Over the past few years, significant efforts of Australian <span class="hlt">climate</span> scientists have been dedicated to improving understanding of <span class="hlt">climate</span> in the Pacific through the <span class="hlt">International</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Adaptation Initiative (the Australian Government Initiative to assist with high priority <span class="hlt">climate</span> adaptation needs in vulnerable countries in the Asia-Pacific region). The first comprehensive scientific report about the Pacific <span class="hlt">climate</span> has been published in 2011, as an outcome of the Pacific <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Science Program (PCCSP). A range of web-based information tools such as the Pacific Tropical Cyclone Data Portal, the Pacific <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Data Portal and the Pacific Seasonal <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Prediction Portal has been also developed through the PCCSP and the Pacific Adaptation Strategy Assistance Program. Currently, further advancement in seasonal <span class="hlt">climate</span> prediction science and developing enhanced software tools for the Pacific is undertaken through the Theme 1 of the Pacific Australia <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Science and Adaptation Planning (PACCSAP) Program. This new scientific knowledge needs to be transferred to students to provide them with true information about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and its impact on the Pacific Island Countries. Teachers and educators need their knowledge-base regularly updated and tools that will help their students critically</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29219099','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29219099"><span>Scoping the proximal and distal dimensions of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on health and wellbeing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Morris, George Paterson; Reis, Stefan; Beck, Sheila Anne; Fleming, Lora Elderkin; Adger, William Neil; Benton, Timothy Guy; Depledge, Michael Harold</p> <p>2017-12-05</p> <p>The impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> on health and wellbeing occur in time and space and through a range of indirect, complicated mechanisms. This diversity of pathways has major implications for national public health planning and influence on interventions that might help to mitigate and adapt to rapidly <span class="hlt">changing</span> environmental conditions, nationally and <span class="hlt">internationally</span>. This paper draws upon evidence from public health and adverse impact studies across <span class="hlt">climate</span> science, hydrology, agriculture, public health, and the social sciences. It presents a conceptual model to support decision-making by recognizing both the proximal and distal pathways from <span class="hlt">climate</span>-induced environmental <span class="hlt">change</span> to national health and wellbeing. The proximal and distal pathways associated with food security, migration and mobility illustrate the diverse <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> influences in different geographic locations over different timescales. We argue that greater realization and articulation of proximal and distal pathways should radically alter how <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is addressed as a national and <span class="hlt">international</span> public health challenge.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMEP53B1734S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMEP53B1734S"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> influence on the <span class="hlt">internal</span> structure of talus slopes in the Arctic - A case study from the southern Spitsbergen, Norway</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Senderak, K.; Kondracka, M.; Gądek, B.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Talus slopes are present in all geographical altitudes, but the most active and dynamic slopes occur in high-mountain and polar areas. Spitsbergen, Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic, combines these two environments, therefore, the talus slopes develop in specific environmental conditions that have <span class="hlt">changed</span> since the beginning of deglaciation. On Spitsbergen, which is 60% glaciated, talus slope evolution depends frequently on the interaction with glaciers, as well as the size of sediment supply area, the lithology, and the intensive of rock weathering. The warming of <span class="hlt">climate</span> in the Arctic cause the identifiable <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the <span class="hlt">internal</span> structures of talus slopes associated with i.e. the melting of glaciers and the high activity of many morphogenetic processes on slope surface. The identification of these <span class="hlt">changes</span> is a key to understanding of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> influence (direct and indirect influence) on talus slope evolution. Our work presents the results of research, mainly based on the measurements using electrical resistivity tomography method (ERT) and ground-penetrating radar method (GPR), which were made on the talus slopes of southern Spitsbergen in the vicinity of Polish Polar Station in Hornsund. The geophysical surveys and geomorphological observations show that the <span class="hlt">climatic</span> factor plays the significant role in the development of slopes, what is clearly visible when analyzing the whole slope systems in the selected glacial valleys (partly glaciated). The differences in the <span class="hlt">internal</span> structure can depend on distance from the glacier and age of form. This mainly concerns the volume of buried glacial ice in slope material, the thickness of talus slopes, the depth of permafrost and active layer, the stored sedimentological structures including e.g. the traces of fresh material supply. New data on the <span class="hlt">internal</span> structure of talus slopes developing in the present glaciated area allow for discussions on the talus slope evolution, which, according to the authors, needs</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_7 --> <div id="page_8" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="141"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965364','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965364"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and food security in East Asia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Su, Yi-Yuan; Weng, Yi-Hao; Chiu, Ya-Wen</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> causes serious food security risk for East Asian countries. The United Nations Framework Convention on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (UNFCCC) has recognized that the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will impact agriculture and all nations should prepare adaptations to the impacts on food security. This article reviews the context of adaptation rules and current policy development in East Asian region. The UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol have established specific rules for countries to develop national or regional adaptation policies and measurements. The current development of the ASEAN Strategic Plan on food security is inspiring, but the commitments to implementation by its members remain an issue of concern. We suggest that the UNFCCC enhances co-operation with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and other <span class="hlt">international</span> organizations to further develop methodologies and technologies for all parties. Our findings suggest that agriculture is one of the most vulnerable sectors in terms of risks associated with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and distinct programmatic initiatives are necessary. It's imperative to promote co-operation among multilateral organizations, including the UNFCCC, FAO, World Health Organization, and others.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931559','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931559"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Accelerating extinction risk from <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Urban, Mark C</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>Current predictions of extinction risks from <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> vary widely depending on the specific assumptions and geographic and taxonomic focus of each study. I synthesized published studies in order to estimate a global mean extinction rate and determine which factors contribute the greatest uncertainty to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>-induced extinction risks. Results suggest that extinction risks will accelerate with future global temperatures, threatening up to one in six species under current policies. Extinction risks were highest in South America, Australia, and New Zealand, and risks did not vary by taxonomic group. Realistic assumptions about extinction debt and dispersal capacity substantially increased extinction risks. We urgently need to adopt strategies that limit further <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> if we are to avoid an acceleration of global extinctions. Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMED13C0791D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMED13C0791D"><span>Evaluating <span class="hlt">Changes</span> in <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Literacy among Middle and High School Students who Participate in <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Education Modules</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>DeWaters, J.; Powers, S.; Dhaniyala, S.; Small, M.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Middle school (MS) and high school (HS) teachers have developed and taught instructional modules that were created through their participation in Clarkson University's NASA-funded Project-Based Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Education project. A quantitative survey was developed to help evaluate the project's impact on students' <span class="hlt">climate</span> literacy, which includes content knowledge as well as affective and behavioral attributes. Content objectives were guided primarily by the 2009 document, <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Literacy: The Essential Principles of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Sciences. The survey was developed according to established psychometric principles and methodologies in the sociological and educational sciences which involved developing and evaluating a pool of survey items, adapted primarily from existing <span class="hlt">climate</span> surveys and questionnaires; preparing, administering, and evaluating two rounds of pilot tests; and preparing a final instrument with revisions informed by both pilot assessments. The resulting survey contains three separate subscales: cognitive, affective, and behavioral, with five self-efficacy items embedded within the affective subscale. Cognitive items use a multiple choice format with one correct response; non-cognitive items use a 5-point Likert-type scale with options generally ranging from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree" (affective), or "almost always" to "hardly ever" (behavioral). Three versions of the survey were developed and administered using an on-line Zoomerang™ platform to college students/adults; HS students; and MS students, respectively. Instrument validity was supported by using items drawn from existing surveys, by reviewing/applying prior research in <span class="hlt">climate</span> literacy, and through comparative age-group analysis. The <span class="hlt">internal</span> consistency reliability of each subscale, as measured by Cronbach's alpha, ranges from 0.78-0.86 (cognitive), 0.87-0.89 (affective) and 0.84-0.85 (behavioral), all satisfying generally accepted criteria for <span class="hlt">internal</span> reliability of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/32754','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/32754"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> assessments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Linda A. Joyce</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>The science associated with <span class="hlt">climate</span> and its effects on ecosystems, economies, and social systems is developing rapidly. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> assessments can serve as an important synthesis of this science and provide the information and context for management and policy decisions on adaptation and mitigation. This topic paper describes the variety of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25282995','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25282995"><span>Global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: the quantifiable sustainability challenge.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Princiotta, Frank T; Loughlin, Daniel H</p> <p>2014-09-01</p> <p>Population growth and the pressures spawned by increasing demands for energy and resource-intensive goods, foods, and services are driving unsustainable growth in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Recent GHG emission trends are consistent with worst-case scenarios of the previous decade. Dramatic and near-term emission reductions likely will be needed to ameliorate the potential deleterious impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. To achieve such reductions, fundamental <span class="hlt">changes</span> are required in the way that energy is generated and used. New technologies must be developed and deployed at a rapid rate. Advances in carbon capture and storage, renewable, nuclear and transportation technologies are particularly important; however, global research and development efforts related to these technologies currently appear to fall short relative to needs. Even with a proactive and <span class="hlt">international</span> mitigation effort, humanity will need to adapt to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, but the adaptation needs and damages will be far greater if mitigation activities are not pursued in earnest. In this review, research is highlighted that indicates increasing global and regional temperatures and ties <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> to increasing GHG emissions. GHG mitigation targets necessary for limiting future global temperature increases are discussed, including how factors such as population growth and the growing energy intensity of the developing world will make these reduction targets more challenging. Potential technological pathways for meeting emission reduction targets are examined, barriers are discussed, and global and US. modeling results are presented that suggest that the necessary pathways will require radically transformed electric and mobile sectors. While geoengineering options have been proposed to allow more time for serious emission reductions, these measures are at the conceptual stage with many unanswered cost, environmental, and political issues. Implications: This paper lays out the case that mitigating the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2689003','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2689003"><span>Selecting global <span class="hlt">climate</span> models for regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> studies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Pierce, David W.; Barnett, Tim P.; Santer, Benjamin D.; Gleckler, Peter J.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Regional or local <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> modeling studies currently require starting with a global <span class="hlt">climate</span> model, then downscaling to the region of interest. How should global models be chosen for such studies, and what effect do such choices have? This question is addressed in the context of a regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> detection and attribution (D&A) study of January-February-March (JFM) temperature over the western U.S. Models are often selected for a regional D&A analysis based on the quality of the simulated regional <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Accordingly, 42 performance metrics based on seasonal temperature and precipitation, the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation are constructed and applied to 21 global models. However, no strong relationship is found between the score of the models on the metrics and results of the D&A analysis. Instead, the importance of having ensembles of runs with enough realizations to reduce the effects of natural <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability is emphasized. Also, the superiority of the multimodel ensemble average (MM) to any 1 individual model, already found in global studies examining the mean <span class="hlt">climate</span>, is true in this regional study that includes measures of variability as well. Evidence is shown that this superiority is largely caused by the cancellation of offsetting errors in the individual global models. Results with both the MM and models picked randomly confirm the original D&A results of anthropogenically forced JFM temperature <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the western U.S. Future projections of temperature do not depend on model performance until the 2080s, after which the better performing models show warmer temperatures. PMID:19439652</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMED11D..02S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMED11D..02S"><span>Communicating Urban <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Snyder, S.; Crowley, K.; Horton, R.; Bader, D.; Hoffstadt, R.; Labriole, M.; Shugart, E.; Steiner, M.; Climate; Urban Systems Partnership</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>While cities cover only 2% of the Earth's surface, over 50% of the world's people live in urban environments. Precisely because of their population density, cities can play a large role in reducing or exacerbating the global impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The actions of cities could hold the key to slowing down <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Urban dwellers are becoming more aware of the need to reduce their carbon usage and to implement adaptation strategies. However, messaging around these strategies has not been comprehensive and adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> requires local knowledge, capacity and a high level of coordination. Unless urban populations understand <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and its impacts it is unlikely that cities will be able to successfully implement policies that reduce anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Informal and formal educational institutions in urban environments can serve as catalysts when partnering with <span class="hlt">climate</span> scientists, educational research groups, and public policy makers to disseminate information about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and its impacts on urban audiences. The <span class="hlt">Climate</span> and Urban Systems Partnership (CUSP) is an interdisciplinary network designed to assess and meet the needs and challenges of educating urban audiences about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. CUSP brings together organizations in Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Queens, NY and Washington, DC to forge links with informal and formal education partners, city government, and policy makers. Together this network will create and disseminate learner-focused <span class="hlt">climate</span> education programs and resources for urban audiences that, while distinct, are thematically and temporally coordinated, resulting in the communication of clear and consistent information and learning experiences about <span class="hlt">climate</span> science to a wide public audience. Working at a community level CUSP will bring coordinated programming directly into neighborhoods presenting the issues of global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in a highly local context. The project is currently exploring a number of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29763490','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29763490"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and skin disease.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lundgren, Ashley D</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Despite commanding essentially universal scientific consensus, <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> remains a divisive and poorly understood topic in the United States. Familiarity with this subject is not just for <span class="hlt">climate</span> scientists. The impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on human morbidity and mortality may be considerable; thus, physicians also should be knowledgeable in this realm. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science can seem opaque and inferential, creating fertile ground for political polemics and undoubtedly contributing to confusion among the general public. This puts physicians in a pivotal position to facilitate a practical understanding of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in the public sphere by discussing <span class="hlt">changes</span> in disease patterns and their possible relationship to a <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>. This article provides a background on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> for dermatologists and highlights how <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> may impact the management of skin disease across the United States.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28806483','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28806483"><span>Mandate for the Nursing Profession to Address <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Through Nursing Education.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Leffers, Jeanne; Levy, Ruth McDermott; Nicholas, Patrice K; Sweeney, Casey F</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>The adverse health effects from <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> demand action from the nursing profession. This article examines the calls to action, the status of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in nursing education, and challenges and recommendations for nursing education related to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and human health. Discussion paper. The integration of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> into nursing education is essential so that knowledge, skills, and insights critical for clinical practice in our <span class="hlt">climate-changing</span> world are incorporated in curricula, practice, research, and policy. Our Ecological Planetary Health Model offers a framework for nursing to integrate relevant <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> education into nursing curricula and professional nursing education. Nursing education can offer a leadership role to address the mitigation, adaptation, and resilience strategies for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. An ecological framework is valuable for nursing education regarding <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> through its consideration of political, cultural, economic, and environmental interrelationships on human health and the health of the planet. Knowledge of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is important for integration into basic and advanced nursing education, as well as professional education for nurses to address adverse health impacts, <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> responses policy, and advocacy roles. For current and future nurses to provide care within a <span class="hlt">climate-changing</span> environment, nursing education has a mandate to integrate knowledge about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> issues across all levels of nursing education. Competence in nursing practice follows from knowledge and skill acquisition gained from integration of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> content into nursing education. © 2017 Sigma Theta Tau <span class="hlt">International</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ERL....10i4025C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ERL....10i4025C"><span>The <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> consensus extends beyond <span class="hlt">climate</span> scientists</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Carlton, J. S.; Perry-Hill, Rebecca; Huber, Matthew; Prokopy, Linda S.</p> <p>2015-09-01</p> <p>The existence of anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> remains a public controversy despite the consensus among <span class="hlt">climate</span> scientists. The controversy may be fed by the existence of scientists from other disciplines publicly casting doubt on the validity of <span class="hlt">climate</span> science. The extent to which non-<span class="hlt">climate</span> scientists are skeptical of <span class="hlt">climate</span> science has not been studied via direct survey. Here we report on a survey of biophysical scientists across disciplines at universities in the Big 10 Conference. Most respondents (93.6%) believe that mean temperatures have risen and most (91.9%) believe in an anthropogenic contribution to rising temperatures. Respondents strongly believe that <span class="hlt">climate</span> science is credible (mean credibility score 6.67/7). Those who disagree about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> disagree over basic facts (e.g., the effects of CO2 on <span class="hlt">climate</span>) and have different cultural and political values. These results suggest that scientists who are <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> skeptics are outliers and that the majority of scientists surveyed believe in anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and that <span class="hlt">climate</span> science is credible and mature.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28636099','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28636099"><span>Spectators or participants: How can SETAC become more engaged in <span class="hlt">international</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> research programs?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Stahl, Ralph G; Stauber, Jennifer L; Clements, William H</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Environmental toxicologists and chemists have been crucial to evaluating the chemical fate and toxicological effects of environmental contaminants, including chlorinated pesticides, before and after Rachel Carson's publication of Silent Spring in 1962. Like chlorinated pesticides previously, global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is widely considered to be one of the most important environmental challenges of our time. Over the past 30 yr, <span class="hlt">climate</span> scientists and modelers have shown that greenhouse gases such as CO 2 and CH 4 cause radiative forcing (<span class="hlt">climate</span> forcing) and lead to increased global temperatures. Despite significant <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> research efforts worldwide, the <span class="hlt">climate</span> science community has overlooked potential problems associated with chemical contaminants, in particular how <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> could magnify the ecological consequences of their use and disposal. It is conceivable that the impacts of legacy or new chemical contaminants on wildlife and humans may be exacerbated when <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span>, especially if global temperatures rise as predicted. This lack of attention to chemical contaminants represents an opportunity for environmental toxicologists and chemists to become part of the global research program, and our objective is to highlight the importance of and ways for that to occur. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1971-1977. © 2017 SETAC. © 2017 SETAC.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ERL....12d4005E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ERL....12d4005E"><span>The influence of <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability on heatwave frequency trends</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>E Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S.; Fischer, E. M.; Angélil, O.; Gibson, P. B.</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Understanding what drives <span class="hlt">changes</span> in heatwaves is imperative for all systems impacted by extreme heat. We examine short- (13 yr) and long-term (56 yr) heatwave frequency trends in a 21-member ensemble of a global <span class="hlt">climate</span> model (Community Earth System Model; CESM), where each member is driven by identical anthropogenic forcings. To estimate <span class="hlt">changes</span> dominantly due to <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability, trends were calculated in the corresponding pre-industrial control run. We find that short-term trends in heatwave frequency are not robust indicators of long-term <span class="hlt">change</span>. Additionally, we find that a lack of a long-term trend is possible, although improbable, under historical anthropogenic forcing over many regions. All long-term trends become unprecedented against <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability when commencing in 2015 or later, and corresponding short-term trends by 2030, while the length of trend required to represent regional long-term <span class="hlt">changes</span> is dependent on a given realization. Lastly, within ten years of a short-term decline, 95% of regional heatwave frequency trends have reverted to increases. This suggests that observed short-term <span class="hlt">changes</span> of decreasing heatwave frequency could recover to increasing trends within the next decade. The results of this study are specific to CESM and the ‘business as usual’ scenario, and may differ under other representations of <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability, or be less striking when a scenario with lower anthropogenic forcing is employed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16512862','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16512862"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and disaster management.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>O'Brien, Geoff; O'Keefe, Phil; Rose, Joanne; Wisner, Ben</p> <p>2006-03-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, although a natural phenomenon, is accelerated by human activities. Disaster policy response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is dependent on a number of factors, such as readiness to accept the reality of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, institutions and capacity, as well as willingness to embed <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> risk assessment and management in development strategies. These conditions do not yet exist universally. A focus that neglects to enhance capacity-building and resilience as a prerequisite for managing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> risks will, in all likelihood, do little to reduce vulnerability to those risks. Reducing vulnerability is a key aspect of reducing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> risk. To do so requires a new approach to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> risk and a <span class="hlt">change</span> in institutional structures and relationships. A focus on development that neglects to enhance governance and resilience as a prerequisite for managing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> risks will, in all likelihood, do little to reduce vulnerability to those risks.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMGC11H1116C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMGC11H1116C"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> and Health Vulnerability to Vector-Borne Diseases: Increasing Resilience under <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Conditions in Africa</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ceccato, P.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">International</span> Research Institute for <span class="hlt">Climate</span> and Society (IRI), the City University of New York (CUNY) and NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in collaboration with NASA SERVIR are developing tools to monitor <span class="hlt">climate</span> variables (precipitation, temperature, vegetation, water bodies, inundation) that help projects in Africa to increase resilience to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> for vector-borne diseases ( malaria, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis). Through the development of new products to monitor precipitation, water bodies and inundation, IRI, CUNY and JPL provide tools and capacity building to research communities; ministries of health; the WMO Global Framework for <span class="hlt">Climate</span> and Services; and World Health Organization in Africa to: 1) Develop research teams' ability to appropriately use <span class="hlt">climate</span> data as part of their research 2) Enable research teams and ministries to integrate <span class="hlt">climate</span> information into social and economic drivers of vulnerability and opportunities for adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> 3) Inform better policies and programs for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation. This oral presentation will demonstrate how IRI, CUNY, and JPL developed new products, tools and capacity building to achieve the three objectives mentioned above with examples in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Tanzania and Malawi.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMGC41B0558T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMGC41B0558T"><span>Burden Sharing with <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Impacts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tavoni, M.; van Vuuren, D.; De Cian, E.; Marangoni, G.; Hof, A.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Efficiency and equity have been at the center of the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> policy making since the very first <span class="hlt">international</span> environmental agreements on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, though over time how to implement these principles has taken different forms. Studies based on Integrated Assessment Models have also shown that the economic effort of achieving a 2 degree target in a cost-effective way would differ widely across regions (Tavoni et al. 2013) because of diverse economic and energy structure, baseline emissions, energy and carbon intensity. Policy instruments, such as a fully-fledged, global emission trading schemes can be used to pursuing efficiency and equity at the same time but the literature has analyzed the compensations required to redistribute only mitigation costs. However, most of these studies have neglected the potential impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. In this paper we use two integrated assessment models -FAIR and WITCH- to explore the 2°C policy space when accounting for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts. Impacts are represented via two different reduced forms equations, which despite their simplicity allows us exploring the key sensitivities- Our results show that in a 2 degree stabilization scenarios residual damages remain significant (see Figure 1) and that if you would like to compensate those as part of an equal effort scheme - this would lead to a different allocation than focusing on a mitigation based perspective only. The residual damages and adaptation costs are not equally distributed - and while we do not cover the full uncertainty space - with 2 different models and 2 sets of damage curves we are still able to show quite similar results in terms of vulnerable regions and the relative position of the different scenarios. Therefore, accounting for the residual damages and the associated adaptation costs on top of the mitigation burden increases and redistributes the full burden of total <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A52F..02S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A52F..02S"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> model diversity in the Northern Hemisphere Polar vortex response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Simpson, I.; Seager, R.; Hitchcock, P.; Cohen, N.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Global <span class="hlt">climate</span> models vary widely in their predictions of the future of the Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex, with some showing a significant strengthening of the vortex, some showing a significant weakening and others displaying a response that is not outside of the range expected from <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability alone. This inter-model spread in stratospheric predictions may account for some inter-model spread in tropospheric predictions with important implications for the storm tracks and regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, particularly for the North Atlantic sector. Here, our current state of understanding of this model spread and its tropospheric impacts will be reviewed. Previous studies have proposed relationships between a models polar vortex response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and its present day vortex climatology while others have demonstrated links between a models polar vortex response and <span class="hlt">changing</span> wave activity coming up from the troposphere below under a warming <span class="hlt">climate</span>. The extent to which these mechanisms can account for the spread in polar vortex <span class="hlt">changes</span> exhibited by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 5 models will be assessed. In addition, preliminary results from a series of idealized experiments with the Community Atmosphere Model will be presented. In these experiments, nudging of the stratospheric zonal mean state has been imposed to mimic the inter-model spread in the polar vortex response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> so that the downward influence of the spread in zonal mean stratospheric responses on the tropospheric circulation can be assessed within one model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992BAMS...73..619C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992BAMS...73..619C"><span>Inadvertent Weather Modification in Urban Areas: Lessons for Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Changnon, Stanley A.</p> <p>1992-05-01</p> <p>Large metropolitan areas in North America, home to 65% of the nation's population, have created major <span class="hlt">changes</span> in their <span class="hlt">climates</span> over the past 150 years. The rate and amount of the urban <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> approximate those being predicted globally using <span class="hlt">climate</span> models. Knowledge of urban weather and <span class="hlt">climate</span> modification holds lessons for the global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> issue. First, adjustments to urban <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> can provide guidance for adjusting to global <span class="hlt">change</span>. A second lesson relates to the difficulty but underscores the necessity of providing scientifically credible proof of <span class="hlt">change</span> within the noise of natural <span class="hlt">climatic</span> variability. The evolution of understanding about how urban conditions influence weather reveals several unexpected outcomes, particularly relating to precipitation <span class="hlt">changes</span>. These suggest that similar future surprises can be expected in a <span class="hlt">changed</span> global <span class="hlt">climate</span>, a third lesson. In-depth studies of how urban <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> affected the hydrologic cycle, the regional economy, and human activities were difficult because of data problems, lack of impact methodology, and necessity for multi disciplinary investigations. Similar impact studies for global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will require diverse scientific talents and funding commitments adequate to measure the complexity of impacts and human adjustments. Understanding the processes whereby urban areas and other human activities have altered the atmosphere and <span class="hlt">changed</span> clouds and precipitation regionally appears highly relevant to the global <span class="hlt">climate-change</span> issue. Scientific and governmental policy development needs to recognize an old axiom that became evident in the studies of inadvertent urban and regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and their behavioral implications: Think globally but act locally. Global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is an <span class="hlt">international</span> issue, and the atmosphere must be treated globally. But the impacts and the will to act and adjust will occur regionally.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/38993','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/38993"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and forest diseases</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>R.N. Sturrock; Susan Frankel; A. V. Brown; Paul Hennon; J. T. Kliejunas; K. J. Lewis; J. J. Worrall; A. J. Woods</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>As <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span>, the effects of forest diseases on forest ecosystems will <span class="hlt">change</span>. We review knowledge of relationships between <span class="hlt">climate</span> variables and several forest diseases, as well as current evidence of how <span class="hlt">climate</span>, host and pathogen interactions are responding or might respond to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Many forests can be managed to both adapt to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMED41C..08K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMED41C..08K"><span>Youth <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Summits: Empowering & Engaging Youth to Lead on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kretser, J.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The Wild Center's Youth <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Summits is a program that engages youth in <span class="hlt">climate</span> literacy from knowledge and understanding to developing action in their schools and communities. Each Youth <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Summit is a one to three day event that brings students and teachers together to learn about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science, impacts and solutions at a global and local level. Through speakers, workshops and activities, the Summit culminates in a student-driven <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Action Plan that can be brought back to schools and communities. The summits have been found to be powerful vehicles for inspiration, learning, community engagement and youth leadership development. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> literacy with a focus on local <span class="hlt">climate</span> impacts and solutions is a key component of the Youth <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Summit. The project-based learning surrounding the creation of a unique, student driven, sustainability and <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Action Plan promotes leadership skills applicable and the tools necessary for a 21st Century workforce. Student driven projects range from school gardens and school energy audits to working with NYS officials to commit to going 100% renewable electricty at the three state-owned downhill ski facilities. The summit model has been scaled and replicated in other communities in New York State, Vermont, Ohio, Michigan and Washington states as well as <span class="hlt">internationally</span> in Finland, Germany and Sri Lanka.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/53766','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/53766"><span>Managing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> refugia for <span class="hlt">climate</span> adaptation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Toni Lyn Morelli; Christopher Daly; Solomon Z. Dobrowski; Deanna M. Dulen; Joseph L. Ebersole; Stephen T. Jackson; Jessica D. Lundquist; Connie Millar; Sean P. Maher; William B. Monahan; Koren R. Nydick; Kelly T. Redmond; Sarah C. Sawyer; Sarah Stock; Steven R. Beissinger</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Refugia have long been studied from paleontological and biogeographical perspectives to understand how populations persisted during past periods of unfavorable <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Recently, researchers have applied the idea to contemporary landscapes to identify <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> refugia, here defined as areas relatively buffered from contemporary <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> over time that...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_8 --> <div id="page_9" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="161"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4258067','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4258067"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> variability and vulnerability to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: a review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Thornton, Philip K; Ericksen, Polly J; Herrero, Mario; Challinor, Andrew J</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The focus of the great majority of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impact studies is on <span class="hlt">changes</span> in mean <span class="hlt">climate</span>. In terms of <span class="hlt">climate</span> model output, these <span class="hlt">changes</span> are more robust than <span class="hlt">changes</span> in <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability. By concentrating on <span class="hlt">changes</span> in <span class="hlt">climate</span> means, the full impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on biological and human systems are probably being seriously underestimated. Here, we briefly review the possible impacts of <span class="hlt">changes</span> in <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability and the frequency of extreme events on biological and food systems, with a focus on the developing world. We present new analysis that tentatively links increases in <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability with increasing food insecurity in the future. We consider the ways in which people deal with <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability and extremes and how they may adapt in the future. Key knowledge and data gaps are highlighted. These include the timing and interactions of different <span class="hlt">climatic</span> stresses on plant growth and development, particularly at higher temperatures, and the impacts on crops, livestock and farming systems of <span class="hlt">changes</span> in <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability and extreme events on pest-weed-disease complexes. We highlight the need to reframe research questions in such a way that they can provide decision makers throughout the food system with actionable answers, and the need for investment in <span class="hlt">climate</span> and environmental monitoring. Improved understanding of the full range of impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on biological and food systems is a critical step in being able to address effectively the effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability and extreme events on human vulnerability and food security, particularly in agriculturally based developing countries facing the challenge of having to feed rapidly growing populations in the coming decades. PMID:24668802</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19990013876','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19990013876"><span>Book Review: Regional Hydrological Response to <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Koster, Randal</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>The book being reviewed, Regional Hydrological Response to <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>, addresses the effects of global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, particularly global warming induced by greenhouse gas emissions, on hydrological budgets at the regional scale. As noted in its preface, the book consists of peer-reviewed papers delivered at scientific meetings held by the <span class="hlt">International</span> Geographical Union Working Group on Regional Hydrological Response to <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> and Global Warming, supplemented with some additional chapters that round out coverage of the topic. The editors hope that this book will serve as "not only a record of current achievements, but also a stimulus to further hydrological research as the detail and spatial resolution of Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Models improves". The reviewer found the background material on regional climatology to be valuable and the methodologies presented to be of interest. The value of the book is significantly diminished, however by the dated nature of some of the material and by large uncertainties in the predictions of regional precipitation <span class="hlt">change</span>. The book would have been improved by a much more extensive documentation of the uncertainty associated with each step of the prediction process.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMED32A..08N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMED32A..08N"><span>Partnering <span class="hlt">International</span> Universities to Enhance <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Literacy through Interdisciplinary, Cross-Cultural Learning</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>North, L. A.; Polk, J.; Strenecky, B.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> phenomenon will present complex, far-reaching challenges and opportunities, which will require leaders well-versed in interdisciplinary learning and <span class="hlt">international</span> understanding. In an effort to develop the next generation of future leaders prepared for these challenges and opportunities, faculty from Western Kentucky University (WKU) and the University of Akureyri (UNAK), Iceland partnered to co-teach a course in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science and communication in Iceland. Students from both Institutions participated in the course to further enhance the cross-learning opportunity presented to the students. The 11-day course stationed out of three cities in Iceland, including Reykjavík, Vik, and Akureyri, the Icelandic gateway to the Arctic. In addition to undertaking field experiences such as hiking on glaciers, exploring ice caves, and touring geothermal plants, the group also hosted forums to discuss <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> with members of the Icelandic community, and completed The $100 Solution™ service-learning projects. A culminating point of the study abroad experience was a presentation by the students to persons from the University of Akureyri and representatives from the neighboring Icelandic communities about what they had learned about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science and communication during their travels. Through this experience, students were able to share their knowledge, which in turn gave them a deeper understanding of the issues they were learning throughout the study abroad program. In short, the program combined interdisciplinary learning, service-learning, and <span class="hlt">international</span> understanding toward the goal of preparing the leaders of tomorrow with the skills to address <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> challenges.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMGC51G..02R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMGC51G..02R"><span>Scaling <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Communication for Behavior <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rodriguez, V. C.; Lappé, M.; Flora, J. A.; Ardoin, N. M.; Robinson, T. N.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Ultimately, effective <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> communication results in a <span class="hlt">change</span> in behavior, whether the <span class="hlt">change</span> is individual, household or collective actions within communities. We describe two efforts to promote <span class="hlt">climate</span>-friendly behavior via <span class="hlt">climate</span> communication and behavior <span class="hlt">change</span> theory. Importantly these efforts are designed to scale <span class="hlt">climate</span> communication principles focused on behavior <span class="hlt">change</span> rather than soley emphasizing <span class="hlt">climate</span> knowledge or attitudes. Both cases are embedded in rigorous evaluations (randomized controlled trial and quasi-experimental) of primary and secondary outcomes as well as supplementary analyses that have implications for program refinement and program scaling. In the first case, the Girl Scouts "Girls Learning Environment and Energy" (GLEE) trial is scaling the program via a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) for Troop Leaders to teach the effective home electricity and food and transportation energy reduction programs. The second case, the Alliance for <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Education (ACE) Assembly Program, is advancing the already-scaled assembly program by using communication principles to further engage youth and their families and communities (school and local communities) in individual and collective actions. Scaling of each program uses online learning platforms, social media and "behavior practice" videos, mastery practice exercises, virtual feedback and virtual social engagement to advance <span class="hlt">climate</span>-friendly behavior <span class="hlt">change</span>. All of these communication practices aim to simulate and advance in-person train-the-trainers technologies.As part of this presentation we outline scaling principles derived from these two <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> communication and behavior <span class="hlt">change</span> programs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22687709-climate-change-environmental-concentrations-pops-review','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22687709-climate-change-environmental-concentrations-pops-review"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and environmental concentrations of POPs: A review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Nadal, Martí, E-mail: marti.nadal@urv.cat; Marquès, Montse; Mari, Montse</p> <p></p> <p>In recent years, the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impact on the concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has become a topic of notable concern. <span class="hlt">Changes</span> in environmental conditions such as the increase of the average temperature, or the UV-B radiation, are likely to influence the fate and behavior of POPs, ultimately affecting human exposure. The state of the art of the impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on environmental concentrations of POPs, as well as on human health risks, is here reviewed. Research gaps are also identified, while future studies are suggested. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and POPs are a hot issue, for which wide attentionmore » should be paid not only by scientists, but also and mainly by policy makers. Most studies reported in the scientific literature are focused on legacy POPs, mainly polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides. However, the number of investigations aimed at estimating the impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on the environmental levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is scarce, despite of the fact that exposure to PAHs and photodegradation byproducts may result in adverse health effects. Furthermore, no data on emerging POPs are currently available in the scientific literature. In consequence, an intensification of studies to identify and mitigate the indirect effects of the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on POP fate is needed to minimize the human health impact. Furthermore, being this a global problem, interactions between <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and POPs must be addressed from an <span class="hlt">international</span> perspective.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25474614','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25474614"><span>Social justice, <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and dengue.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chang, Aileen Y; Fuller, Douglas O; Carrasquillo, Olveen; Beier, John C</p> <p>2014-06-14</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> should be viewed fundamentally as an issue of global justice. Understanding the complex interplay of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> and socioeconomic trends is imperative to protect human health and lessen the burden of diseases such as dengue fever. Dengue fever is rapidly expanding globally. Temperature, rainfall, and frequency of natural disasters, as well as non-<span class="hlt">climatic</span> trends involving population growth and migration, urbanization, and <span class="hlt">international</span> trade and travel, are expected to increase the prevalence of mosquito breeding sites, mosquito survival, the speed of mosquito reproduction, the speed of viral incubation, the distribution of dengue virus and its vectors, human migration patterns towards urban areas, and displacement after natural disasters. The burden of dengue disproportionately affects the poor due to increased environmental risk and decreased health care. Mobilization of social institutions is needed to improve the structural inequalities of poverty that predispose the poor to increased dengue fever infection and worse outcomes. This paper reviews the link between dengue and <span class="hlt">climatic</span> factors as a starting point to developing a comprehensive understanding of how <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> affects dengue risk and how institutions can address the issues of social justice and dengue outbreaks that increasingly affect vulnerable urban populations. Copyright © 2014 <span class="hlt">Chang</span>, Fuller, Carrasquillo, Beier. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17448357','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17448357"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and children.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ebi, Kristie L; Paulson, Jerome A</p> <p>2007-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is increasing the burden of <span class="hlt">climate</span>-sensitive health determinants and outcomes worldwide. Acting through increasing temperature, <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the hydrologic cycle, and sea level rise, <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is projected to increase the frequency and intensity of heat events and extreme events (floods and droughts), <span class="hlt">change</span> the geographic range and incidence of <span class="hlt">climate</span>-sensitive vector-, food-, and waterborne diseases, and increase diseases associated with air pollution and aeroallergens. Children are particularly vulnerable to these health outcomes because of their potentially greater exposures, greater sensitivity to certain exposures, and their dependence on caregivers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1713779H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1713779H"><span>How much can disaster and <span class="hlt">climate</span> science contribute to loss and damage mechanisms in <span class="hlt">international</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> policy?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Huggel, Christian; Allen, Simon; Eicken, Hajo; Hansen, Gerrit; Stone, Dáithí</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>As the 5th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (IPCC) recently has shown, there is increasing evidence of observed impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on natural and human systems. Some of these impacts are negative and result in damage and loss of lives and assets. In <span class="hlt">international</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> policy negotiations under the UNFCCC the discussions on loss and damage have gained significant traction during the past negotiation rounds. At COP 19 the Warsaw <span class="hlt">International</span> Mechanism for Loss and Damage (WIM) was created as an institutional arrangement to address this issue. Thereby, loss and damage (L&D) are typically defined as the residual damage and loss that occur beyond mitigation and adaptation efforts. This implies that effective mitigation and adaptation policy can substantially reduce L&D. While there is wide agreement that knowledge and understanding needs to be strengthened on how L&D due to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> affects countries, in particular highly vulnerable countries and populations, there is still substantial disagreement on several aspects. In fact, after COP20 in Lima a number of options are on the table, including whether L&D should be located under the adaptation framework or form a separate institutional arrangement, or whether a compensation regime should be established to support developing countries. Similarly, the scientific framework for a clear L&D concept, its application in real-world cases, and implications for <span class="hlt">international</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> policy, in particular with respect to questions of responsibility, liability, compensation and financing, is still evolving. Earlier proposals, for instance, have included a threshold concept, with payments released upon crossing of certain thresholds of <span class="hlt">climate</span> (related) parameters, similar to insurance procedures. The threshold would be defined as a departure of the parameter from baseline conditions, for instance a rainfall event that is more intense than a certain baseline based threshold. Further</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMGC52A..05C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMGC52A..05C"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> and Population Health Vulnerabilities to Vector-Borne Diseases: Increasing Resilience Under <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Conditions in Africa</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ceccato, P.; McDonald, K. C.; Podest, E.; De La Torre Juarez, M.; Kruczkiewicz, A.; Lessel, J.; Jensen, K.; Thomson, M. C.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">International</span> Research Institute for <span class="hlt">Climate</span> and Society (IRI), the City University of New York (CUNY) and NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in collaboration with NASA SERVIR are developing tools to monitor <span class="hlt">climate</span> variables (precipitation, temperature, vegetation, water bodies, inundation) that help projects in Africa to increase resilience to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> for vector-borne diseases (i.e. malaria, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis). Through the development of new products to monitor precipitation, water bodies and inundation, IRI, CUNY and JPL provide tools and capacity building to research communities, ministries of health and World Health Organization in Africa to: 1) Develop research teams' ability to appropriately use <span class="hlt">climate</span> data as part of their research 2) Enable research teams and ministries to integrate <span class="hlt">climate</span> information into social and economic drivers of vulnerability and opportunities for adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> 3) Inform better policies and programs for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation. This oral presentation will demonstrate how IRI, CUNY, and JPL developed new products, tools and capacity building to achieve the three objectives mentioned above.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/37382','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/37382"><span>Engaging Chicago residents in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> action: Results from Rapid Ethnographic Inquiry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Lynne M. Westphal; Jennifer Hirsch</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Addressing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> requires action at all levels of society, from neighborhood to <span class="hlt">international</span> levels. Using Rapid Ethnography rooted in Asset Based Community Development theory, we investigated <span class="hlt">climate</span>-friendly attitudes and behaviors in two Chicago neighborhoods in order to assist the City with implementation of its <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Action Plan. Our research suggests...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/567036','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/567036"><span>Incorporating <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> into corporate business strategies. Conference proceedings</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>NONE</p> <p>1997-12-31</p> <p>This document contains the papers presented at the <span class="hlt">International</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Conference and Technologies Exhibition June 12-13, 1997. Topics include energy supply and electricity generation; forestry and agriculture; and the chemical, energy, and manufacturing industries.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMED23C0642X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMED23C0642X"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span>@Home: Crowdsourcing <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Research</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xu, C.; Yang, C.; Li, J.; Sun, M.; Bambacus, M.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> deeply impacts human wellbeing. Significant amounts of resources have been invested in building super-computers that are capable of running advanced <span class="hlt">climate</span> models, which help scientists understand <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> mechanisms, and predict its trend. Although <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> influences all human beings, the general public is largely excluded from the research. On the other hand, scientists are eagerly seeking communication mediums for effectively enlightening the public on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and its consequences. The <span class="hlt">Climate</span>@Home project is devoted to connect the two ends with an innovative solution: crowdsourcing <span class="hlt">climate</span> computing to the general public by harvesting volunteered computing resources from the participants. A distributed web-based computing platform will be built to support <span class="hlt">climate</span> computing, and the general public can 'plug-in' their personal computers to participate in the research. People contribute the spare computing power of their computers to run a computer model, which is used by scientists to predict <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Traditionally, only super-computers could handle such a large computing processing load. By orchestrating massive amounts of personal computers to perform atomized data processing tasks, investments on new super-computers, energy consumed by super-computers, and carbon release from super-computers are reduced. Meanwhile, the platform forms a social network of <span class="hlt">climate</span> researchers and the general public, which may be leveraged to raise <span class="hlt">climate</span> awareness among the participants. A portal is to be built as the gateway to the <span class="hlt">climate</span>@home project. Three types of roles and the corresponding functionalities are designed and supported. The end users include the citizen participants, <span class="hlt">climate</span> scientists, and project managers. Citizen participants connect their computing resources to the platform by downloading and installing a computing engine on their personal computers. Computer <span class="hlt">climate</span> models are defined at the server side. <span class="hlt">Climate</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150004431','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150004431"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Effects on Agriculture: Economic Responses to Biophysical Shocks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Nelson, Gerald C.; Valin, Hugo; Sands, Ronald D.; Havlik, Petr; Ahammad, Helal; Deryng, Delphine; Elliott, Joshua; Fujimori, Shinichiro; Hasegawa, Tomoko; Heyhoe, Edwina</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Agricultural production is sensitive to weather and thus directly affected by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Plausible estimates of these <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts require combined use of <span class="hlt">climate</span>, crop, and economic models. Results from previous studies vary substantially due to differences in models, scenarios, and data. This paper is part of a collective effort to systematically integrate these three types of models. We focus on the economic component of the assessment, investigating how nine global economic models of agriculture represent endogenous responses to seven standardized <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> scenarios produced by two <span class="hlt">climate</span> and five crop models. These responses include adjustments in yields, area, consumption, and <span class="hlt">international</span> trade. We apply biophysical shocks derived from the Intergovernmental Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>'s representative concentration pathway with end-of-century radiative forcing of 8.5 W/m(sup 2). The mean biophysical yield effect with no incremental CO2 fertilization is a 17% reduction globally by 2050 relative to a scenario with unchanging <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Endogenous economic responses reduce yield loss to 11%, increase area of major crops by 11%, and reduce consumption by 3%. Agricultural production, cropland area, trade, and prices show the greatest degree of variability in response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and consumption the lowest. The sources of these differences include model structure and specification; in particular, model assumptions about ease of land use conversion, intensification, and trade. This study identifies where models disagree on the relative responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> shocks and highlights research activities needed to improve the representation of agricultural adaptation responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24344285','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24344285"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> effects on agriculture: economic responses to biophysical shocks.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nelson, Gerald C; Valin, Hugo; Sands, Ronald D; Havlík, Petr; Ahammad, Helal; Deryng, Delphine; Elliott, Joshua; Fujimori, Shinichiro; Hasegawa, Tomoko; Heyhoe, Edwina; Kyle, Page; Von Lampe, Martin; Lotze-Campen, Hermann; Mason d'Croz, Daniel; van Meijl, Hans; van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique; Müller, Christoph; Popp, Alexander; Robertson, Richard; Robinson, Sherman; Schmid, Erwin; Schmitz, Christoph; Tabeau, Andrzej; Willenbockel, Dirk</p> <p>2014-03-04</p> <p>Agricultural production is sensitive to weather and thus directly affected by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Plausible estimates of these <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts require combined use of <span class="hlt">climate</span>, crop, and economic models. Results from previous studies vary substantially due to differences in models, scenarios, and data. This paper is part of a collective effort to systematically integrate these three types of models. We focus on the economic component of the assessment, investigating how nine global economic models of agriculture represent endogenous responses to seven standardized <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> scenarios produced by two <span class="hlt">climate</span> and five crop models. These responses include adjustments in yields, area, consumption, and <span class="hlt">international</span> trade. We apply biophysical shocks derived from the Intergovernmental Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>'s representative concentration pathway with end-of-century radiative forcing of 8.5 W/m(2). The mean biophysical yield effect with no incremental CO2 fertilization is a 17% reduction globally by 2050 relative to a scenario with unchanging <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Endogenous economic responses reduce yield loss to 11%, increase area of major crops by 11%, and reduce consumption by 3%. Agricultural production, cropland area, trade, and prices show the greatest degree of variability in response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and consumption the lowest. The sources of these differences include model structure and specification; in particular, model assumptions about ease of land use conversion, intensification, and trade. This study identifies where models disagree on the relative responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> shocks and highlights research activities needed to improve the representation of agricultural adaptation responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23407083','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23407083"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and skin.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Balato, N; Ayala, F; Megna, M; Balato, A; Patruno, C</p> <p>2013-02-01</p> <p>Global <span class="hlt">climate</span> appears to be <span class="hlt">changing</span> at an unprecedented rate. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> can be caused by several factors that include variations in solar radiation received by earth, oceanic processes (such as oceanic circulation), plate tectonics, and volcanic eruptions, as well as human-induced alterations of the natural world. Many human activities, such as the use of fossil fuel and the consequent accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, land consumption, deforestation, industrial processes, as well as some agriculture practices are contributing to global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Indeed, many authors have reported on the current trend towards global warming (average surface temperature has augmented by 0.6 °C over the past 100 years), decreased precipitation, atmospheric humidity <span class="hlt">changes</span>, and global rise in extreme <span class="hlt">climatic</span> events. The magnitude and cause of these <span class="hlt">changes</span> and their impact on human activity have become important matters of debate worldwide, representing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as one of the greatest challenges of the modern age. Although many articles have been written based on observations and various predictive models of how <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> could affect social, economic and health systems, only few studies exist about the effects of this <span class="hlt">change</span> on skin physiology and diseases. However, the skin is the most exposed organ to environment; therefore, cutaneous diseases are inclined to have a high sensitivity to <span class="hlt">climate</span>. For example, global warming, deforestation and <span class="hlt">changes</span> in precipitation have been linked to variations in the geographical distribution of vectors of some infectious diseases (leishmaniasis, lyme disease, etc) by <span class="hlt">changing</span> their spread, whereas warm and humid environment can also encourage the colonization of the skin by bacteria and fungi. The present review focuses on the wide and complex relationship between <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and dermatology, showing the numerous factors that are contributing to modify the incidence and the clinical pattern of many</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=national+AND+parks&id=EJ983706','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=national+AND+parks&id=EJ983706"><span>Engaging Visitors in <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Communication: A Case Study of Southern Florida's National Parks and Wildlife Refuges</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Beard, Caroline A.; Thompson, Jessica Leigh</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Through the lens of place-based <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> communication, this manuscript compares results from <span class="hlt">internal</span> and external assessments of capacity to communicate about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> at national parks and refuges in southern Florida. The <span class="hlt">internal</span> survey sample included agency staff, stakeholders, community partners, and concessionaires; the…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMPA23B..03C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMPA23B..03C"><span>Talking <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Science in a <span class="hlt">Changing</span> Media Landscape</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cullen, H. M.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Founded in 2008 by leading scientists and communications experts at Princeton, Yale and Stanford, <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Central brings together award-winning journalists and <span class="hlt">internationally</span> recognized scientists to report the science and impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> through its research and journalism programs. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Central works to tackle the misperception that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is a distant thing - affecting other people and other places - by demonstrating the local and personal impacts of global warming. This talk will focus on describing three important <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Central initiatives. First, our <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Matters program delivers localized <span class="hlt">climate</span> information at the regional and local level to weathercasters around the U.S., providing ready-to-use, broadcast quality graphics and analyses that put <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in a local context. After three years, the program has grown from a pilot with just one TV meteorologist in Columbia, South Carolina to a network of more than 150 weathercasters across the country. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Central was also closely involved in the development and production of Years of Living Dangerously - a 9-part global warming documentary that premiered in April 2014. Finally, the World Weather Attribution project is a new initiative that aims to identify the human fingerprint in certain types of extreme weather events, including sea level rise and its contribution to storm surges, extreme heat events, heavy rainfall events/flooding, and drought. Our goal is to objectively and transparently assess certain extreme events and equip journalists and scientists with the tools to provide the larger global warming context in real-time while there is still media interest.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMGC11G1097P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMGC11G1097P"><span>Building Partnerships and Research Collaborations to Address the Impacts of Arctic <span class="hlt">Change</span>: The North Atlantic <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Collaboration (NAC3)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Polk, J.; North, L. A.; Strenecky, B.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Changes</span> in Arctic warming influence the various atmospheric and oceanic patterns that drive Caribbean and mid-latitude <span class="hlt">climate</span> events, including extreme events like drought, tornadoes, and flooding in Kentucky and the surrounding region. Recently, the establishment of the North Atlantic <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Collaboration (NAC3) project at Western Kentucky University (WKU) in partnership with the University of Akureyri (UNAK), Iceland Arctic Cooperation Network (IACN), and Caribbean Community <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Centre (CCCCC) provides a foundation from which to engage students in applied research from the local to global levels and more clearly understand the many tenets of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts in the Arctic within both a global and local community context. The NAC3 project encompasses many facets, including joint <span class="hlt">international</span> courses, student internships, economic development, service learning, and applied research. In its first phase, the project has generated myriad outcomes and opportunities for bridging STEM disciplines with other fields to holistically and collaboratively address specific human-environmental issues falling under the broad umbrella of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. WKU and UNAK students desire interaction and exposure to other cultures and regions that are threatened by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and Iceland presents a unique opportunity to study influences such as oceanic processes, island economies, sustainable harvest of fisheries, and Arctic influences on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The project aims to develop a model to bring partners together to conduct applied research on the complex subject of global environmental <span class="hlt">change</span>, particularly in the Arctic, while simultaneously focusing on <span class="hlt">changing</span> how we learn, develop community, and engage <span class="hlt">internationally</span> to understand the impacts and find solutions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/87260','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/87260"><span><span class="hlt">Climate-change</span> scenarios</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Wagner, Frederic H.; Stohlgren, T.J.; Baldwin, C.K.; Mearns, L.O.; Wagner, Frederic H.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>Three procedures were used to develop a set of plausible scenarios of anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> by the year 2100 that could be posed to the sectors selected for assessment (Fig. 2.2). First, a workshop of climatologists with expertise in western North American <span class="hlt">climates</span> was convened from September 10-12, 1998 at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis in Santa Barbara, CA to discuss and propose a set of scenarios for the Rocky Mountain/Great Basin (RMGB) region.Secondly, the 20th-century <span class="hlt">climate</span> record was analyzed to determine what trends might have occurred during the period. Since CO2 and other greenhouse gases increased during the century, it was reasonable to examine whether the <span class="hlt">changes</span> projected for the 21st century had begun to appear during the 20th, at least qualitatively though not quantitatively.Third, on the assumption of a two-fold increase in atmospheric CO2 by 2100, <span class="hlt">climate-change</span> scenarios for the 21st century were projected with two, state-of-the-art computer models that simulate the complex interactions between earth, atmosphere, and ocean to produce the earth’s <span class="hlt">climate</span> system. Each of the last two procedures has its strengths and weaknesses, and each can function to some degree as a check on the other. The historical analysis has the advantage of using empirical measurements of actual <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> taken over an extensive network of measuring stations. These make it possible to subdivide a large region like the RMGB into subreqions to assess the uniformity of <span class="hlt">climate</span> and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> over the region. And the historical measurements can to some degree serve as a check on the GCM simulations when the two are compared over the same time period.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFM.A51G0183F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFM.A51G0183F"><span>NPOESS, Essential <span class="hlt">Climates</span> Variables and <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Forsythe-Newell, S. P.; Bates, J. J.; Barkstrom, B. R.; Privette, J. L.; Kearns, E. J.</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>Advancement in understanding, predicting and mitigating against <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> implies collaboration, close monitoring of Essential <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Variable (ECV)s through development of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Data Record (CDR)s and effective action with specific thematic focus on human and environmental impacts. Towards this end, NCDC's Scientific Data Stewardship (SDS) Program Office developed <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Long-term Information and Observation system (CLIO) for satellite data identification, characterization and use interrogation. This "proof-of-concept" online tool provides the ability to visualize global CDR information gaps and overlaps with options to temporally zoom-in from satellite instruments to <span class="hlt">climate</span> products, data sets, data set versions and files. CLIO provides an intuitive one-stop web site that displays past, current and planned launches of environmental satellites in conjunction with associated imagery and detailed information. This tool is also capable of accepting and displaying Web-based input from Subject Matter Expert (SME)s providing a global to sub-regional scale perspective of all ECV's and their impacts upon <span class="hlt">climate</span> studies. SME's can access and interact with temporal data from the past and present, or for future planning of products, datasets/dataset versions, instruments, platforms and networks. CLIO offers quantifiable prioritization of ECV/CDR impacts that effectively deal with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> issues, their associated impacts upon <span class="hlt">climate</span>, and this offers an intuitively objective collaboration and consensus building tool. NCDC's latest tool empowers decision makers and the scientific community to rapidly identify weaknesses and strengths in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> monitoring strategies and significantly enhances <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> collaboration and awareness.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_9 --> <div id="page_10" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="181"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/documents/fullText/ACC0233.pdf','DOE-RDACC'); return false;" href="http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/documents/fullText/ACC0233.pdf"><span>Active <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Stabilization: Practical Physics-Based Approaches to Prevention of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/fieldedsearch.html">DOE R&D Accomplishments Database</a></p> <p>Teller, E.; Hyde, T.; Wood, L.</p> <p>2002-04-18</p> <p>We offer a case for active technical management of the radiative forcing of the temperatures of the Earth's fluid envelopes, rather than administrative management of atmospheric greenhouse gas inputs, in order to stabilize both the global- and time-averaged <span class="hlt">climate</span> and its mesoscale features. We suggest that active management of radiative forcing entails negligible--indeed, likely strongly negative--economic costs and environmental impacts, and thus best complies with the pertinent mandate of the UN Framework Convention on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>. We propose that such approaches be swiftly evaluated in sub-scale in the course of an intensive <span class="hlt">international</span> program.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhLRv..11..591D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhLRv..11..591D"><span>Dangerous <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and collective action. Comment on "<span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> governance, cooperation and self-organization" by Jorge M. Pacheco, Vítor V. Vasconcelos, and Francisco C. Santos</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dannenberg, Astrid</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> perhaps is the greatest collective action problem mankind has ever faced and the <span class="hlt">international</span> community is still at a loss for how to get the ever rising greenhouse gas emissions under control. Does the risk of crossing a "dangerous" <span class="hlt">climate</span> threshold improve the prospects of collective action?</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMED11B..04S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMED11B..04S"><span>The Co-evolution of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Models and the Intergovernmental Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Somerville, R. C.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>As recently as the 1950s, global <span class="hlt">climate</span> models, or GCMs, did not exist, and the notion that man-made carbon dioxide might lead to significant <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> was not regarded as a serious possibility by most experts. Today, of course, the prospect or threat of exactly this type of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> dominates the science and ranks among the most pressing issues confronting all mankind. Indeed, the prevailing scientific view throughout the first half of the twentieth century was that adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere would have only a negligible effect on <span class="hlt">climate</span>. The science of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> caused by atmospheric carbon dioxide <span class="hlt">changes</span> has thus undergone a genuine revolution. An extraordinarily rapid development of global <span class="hlt">climate</span> models has also characterized this period, especially in the three decades since about 1980. In these three decades, the number of GCMs has greatly increased, and their physical and computational aspects have both markedly improved. Modeling progress has been enabled by many scientific advances, of course, but especially by a massive increase in available computer power, with supercomputer speeds increasing by roughly a factor of a million in the three decades from about 1980 to 2010. This technological advance has permitted a rapid increase in the physical comprehensiveness of GCMs as well as in spatial computational resolution. In short, GCMs have dramatically evolved over time, in exactly the same recent period as popular interest and scientific concern about anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> have markedly increased. In parallel, a unique <span class="hlt">international</span> organization, the Intergovernmental Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>, or IPCC, has also recently come into being and also evolved rapidly. Today, the IPCC has become widely respected and globally influential. The IPCC was founded in 1988, and its history is thus even shorter than that of GCMs. Yet, its stature today is such that a series of IPCC reports assessing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science has already</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMED33B0779Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMED33B0779Y"><span>Improve <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Literacy At Minority Institutions Through Problem-based Teaching And Learning</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>yang, Z.; Williams, H.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is one of most popular topics in the U.S. Currently we are implementing our funded NASA <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> education grant entitled as 'Preparing Science Educators with <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Literacy through Problem-based Teaching and Learning'. This project aims to prepare underrepresented STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) teachers that are competent for teaching the contents of the Earth, <span class="hlt">climate</span>, and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. In this project, we first developed lectures, assignments, and lab exercises which are related to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and then applied those materials in courses which are usually selected by pre-service teachers after modification based on students' evaluation. Also field visits to sites such as landfill and hog farm were provided to North Carolina Central University (NCCU) students in order to help them have better understanding on sources and amount of greenhouse gases emitted from human activities. In addition, summer <span class="hlt">interns</span> are specifically trained to enhance and improve their knowledge and skills in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science. Those strategies have effectively improved <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> literacy of pre-service teachers at NCCU in spite of some challenges.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMED13A0887S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMED13A0887S"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Science Teaching through Integration of Technology in Instruction and Research</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sriharan, S.; Ozbay, G.; Robinson, L.; Klimkowski, V.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>This presentation demonstrates the importance of collaborations between the institutions with common focus on offering the academic program on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science. Virginia State University (VSU) developed and established the course on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and adaptation, AGRI 350 for undergraduates, in cooperation with two HBCUs, Delaware State University (DSU) and Morgan State University (MSU). This program was developed to enhance the science curriculum with funding from the USDA NIFA. The hands-on research opportunities for students were supported by the NSF HBCU UP Supplement Grant at VSU. The technical guidance and lesson plans were available through the courtesy of the AMS and faculty/student team training at the NCAR. In the initial stages, the faculty members participated in faculty development workshops hosted by the AMS and NCAR. This contributed to trained faculty members developing the courses on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> at VSU, DSU, and MSU. To create awareness of global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and exposure of students to <span class="hlt">international</span> programs, seven students from VSU, MSU, and DSU participated in the <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> course (ENS 320) at the University of Sunshine Coast (USC), Australia. This <span class="hlt">international</span> experience included faculty members in using SimCLIM for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> data into decision-making with regard to potential <span class="hlt">changes</span> to cropping systems and tree growth. The <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> program at VSU, DSU, and MSU is emerging into comprehensive academic program which includes use of case studies and exchange of students' reflections with their peers through discussion board and videoconferencing, hands-on research on water quality monitoring and mapping the study sites, and integration of geospatial technologies and i-Tree. In addition, the students' engagement in intensive research was conducted through hands-on experience with Scanning Electron Microscopy in the Marine Science Department, University of Hawaii at Hilo in summer 2015.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?direntryid=329395&keyword=climate%20change&subject=climate%20change%20research&showcriteria=2&fed_org_id=111&datebeginpublishedpresented=12/13/2011&dateendpublishedpresented=12/13/2016&sortby=pubdateyear','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?direntryid=329395&keyword=climate%20change&subject=climate%20change%20research&showcriteria=2&fed_org_id=111&datebeginpublishedpresented=12/13/2011&dateendpublishedpresented=12/13/2016&sortby=pubdateyear"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts on human exposures to air pollution ...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>This is an abstract for a presentations at the Annual Conference of the <span class="hlt">International</span> Society on Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. This presentation will serve as an introduction to the symposium. As we consider the potential health impacts of a warming planet, the relationships between <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and air pollutants become increasingly important to understand. These relationships are complex and highly variable, causing a variety of environmental impacts at local, regional and global scales. Human exposures and health impacts for air pollutants have the potential to be altered by <span class="hlt">changes</span> in <span class="hlt">climate</span> through multiple factors that drive population exposures to these pollutants. Research on this topic will provide both state and local governments with the tools and scientific knowledge base to undertake any necessary adaptation of the air pollution regulations and/or public health management systems in the face of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.1608G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.1608G"><span>Applying "<span class="hlt">Climate</span>" system to teaching basic climatology and raising public awareness of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> issues</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gordova, Yulia; Okladnikov, Igor; Titov, Alexander; Gordov, Evgeny</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>While there is a strong demand for innovation in digital learning, available training programs in the environmental sciences have no time to adapt to rapid <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the domain content. A joint group of scientists and university teachers develops and implements an educational environment for new learning experiences in basics of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> science and its applications. This so-called virtual learning laboratory "<span class="hlt">Climate</span>" contains educational materials and interactive training courses developed to provide undergraduate and graduate students with profound understanding of <span class="hlt">changes</span> in regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> and environment. The main feature of this Laboratory is that students perform their computational tasks on <span class="hlt">climate</span> modeling and evaluation and assessment of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> using the typical tools of the "<span class="hlt">Climate</span>" information-computational system, which are usually used by real-life practitioners performing such kind of research. Students have an opportunity to perform computational laboratory works using information-computational tools of the system and improve skills of their usage simultaneously with mastering the subject. We did not create an artificial learning environment to pass the trainings. On the contrary, the main purpose of association of the educational block and computational information system was to familiarize students with the real existing technologies for monitoring and analysis of data on the state of the <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Trainings are based on technologies and procedures which are typical for Earth system sciences. Educational courses are designed to permit students to conduct their own investigations of ongoing and future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> in a manner that is essentially identical to the techniques used by national and <span class="hlt">international</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> research organizations. All trainings are supported by lectures, devoted to the basic aspects of modern climatology, including analysis of current <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and its possible impacts ensuring effective links between</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SciNa.105...11O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SciNa.105...11O"><span>The neurobiology of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>O'Donnell, Sean</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Directional <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> (global warming) is causing rapid alterations in animals' environments. Because the nervous system is at the forefront of animals' interactions with the environment, the neurobiological implications of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> are central to understanding how individuals, and ultimately populations, will respond to global warming. Evidence is accumulating for individual level, mechanistic effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on nervous system development and performance. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> can also alter sensory stimuli, <span class="hlt">changing</span> the effectiveness of sensory and cognitive systems for achieving biological fitness. At the population level, natural selection forces stemming from directional <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> may drive rapid evolutionary <span class="hlt">change</span> in nervous system structure and function.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29307030','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29307030"><span>The neurobiology of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>O'Donnell, Sean</p> <p>2018-01-06</p> <p>Directional <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> (global warming) is causing rapid alterations in animals' environments. Because the nervous system is at the forefront of animals' interactions with the environment, the neurobiological implications of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> are central to understanding how individuals, and ultimately populations, will respond to global warming. Evidence is accumulating for individual level, mechanistic effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on nervous system development and performance. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> can also alter sensory stimuli, <span class="hlt">changing</span> the effectiveness of sensory and cognitive systems for achieving biological fitness. At the population level, natural selection forces stemming from directional <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> may drive rapid evolutionary <span class="hlt">change</span> in nervous system structure and function.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..1410138T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..1410138T"><span>DESYCO: a Decision Support System to provide <span class="hlt">climate</span> services for coastal stakeholders dealing with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Torresan, S.; Gallina, V.; Giannini, V.; Rizzi, J.; Zabeo, A.; Critto, A.; Marcomini, A.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>At the <span class="hlt">international</span> level <span class="hlt">climate</span> services are recognized as innovative tools aimed at providing and distributing <span class="hlt">climate</span> data and information according to the needs of end-users. Furthermore, needs-based <span class="hlt">climate</span> services are extremely effective to manage <span class="hlt">climate</span> risks and take advantage of the opportunities associated with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts. To date, <span class="hlt">climate</span> services are mainly related to <span class="hlt">climate</span> models that supply <span class="hlt">climate</span> data (e.g. temperature, precipitations) at different spatial and time scales. However, there is a significant gap of tools aimed at providing information about risks and impacts induced by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and allowing non-expert stakeholders to use both <span class="hlt">climate</span>-model and <span class="hlt">climate</span>-impact data. DESYCO is a GIS-Decision Support System aimed at the integrated assessment of multiple <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts on vulnerable coastal systems (e.g. beaches, river deltas, estuaries and lagoons, wetlands, agricultural and urban areas). It is an open source software that manages different input data (e.g. raster or shapefiles) coming from <span class="hlt">climate</span> models (e.g. global and regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> projections) and high resolution impact models (e.g. hydrodynamic, hydrological and biogeochemical simulations) in order to provide hazard, exposure, susceptibility, risk and damage maps for the identification and prioritization of hot-spot areas and to provide a basis for the definition of coastal adaptation and management strategies. Within the CLIM-RUN project (FP7) DESYCO is proposed as an helpful tool to bridge the gap between <span class="hlt">climate</span> data and stakeholder needs and will be applied to the coastal area of the North Adriatic Sea (Italy) in order to provide <span class="hlt">climate</span> services for local authorities involved in coastal zone management. Accordingly, a first workshop was held in Venice (Italy) with coastal authorities, <span class="hlt">climate</span> experts and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> risk experts, in order to start an iterative exchange of information about the knowledge related to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, <span class="hlt">climate</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMIN51C1703L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMIN51C1703L"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>, Disaster and Sentiment Analysis over Social Media Mining</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lee, J.; McCusker, J. P.; McGuinness, D. L.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Accelerated <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> causes disasters and disrupts people living all over the globe. Disruptive <span class="hlt">climate</span> events are often reflected in expressed sentiments of the people affected. Monitoring <span class="hlt">changes</span> in these sentiments during and after disasters can reveal relationships between <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and mental health. We developed a semantic web tool that uses linked data principles and semantic web technologies to integrate data from multiple sources and analyze them together. We are converting statistical data on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and disaster records obtained from the World Bank data catalog and the <span class="hlt">International</span> Disaster Database into a Resource Description Framework (RDF) representation that was annotated with the RDF Data Cube vocabulary. We compare these data with a dataset of tweets that mention terms from the Emotion Ontology to get a sense of how disasters can impact the affected populations. This dataset is being gathered using an infrastructure we developed that extracts term uses in Twitter with controlled vocabularies. This data was also converted to RDF structure so that statistical data on the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and disasters is analyzed together with sentiment data. To visualize and explore relationship of the multiple data across the dimensions of time and location, we use the qb.js framework. We are using this approach to investigate the social and emotional impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. We hope that this will demonstrate the use of social media data as a valuable source of understanding on global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/182854-climate-change-its-impacts-bangladesh','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/182854-climate-change-its-impacts-bangladesh"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> -- Its impacts on Bangladesh</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Sobhan, M.A.</p> <p>1994-12-31</p> <p>Predictions regarding the possible effects of global warming on Bangladesh`s <span class="hlt">climate</span> are uncertain. However, the predictions for 2030 made by four General Circulation Models all suggest that there might be increased precipitation, with estimates ranging between 5 and 100% increases in rainfall. Increases of these magnitudes, if they were to occur, would have significant implications for agriculture, flooding, river sediment loads, and flood protection works. Increased flooding of the coastal areas of countries like Bangladesh is a possibility, and enormous health and economic distress and human suffering may follow. With the <span class="hlt">change</span> in temperature, there may be unpredictable <span class="hlt">change</span> inmore » bacterial and viral morphology with health hazards of unpredictable limits. It has been estimated that a 100 cm rise in sea level in the Bay of Bengal would result in 12--18% of land areas of Bangladesh being lost to the sea, including most of the Sundarbans. Although it is difficult to predict the timing and magnitude of all the global <span class="hlt">changes</span> including sea-level rise, <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, etc., it is anticipated that one of the most serious consequence for Bangladesh would be the reduction of already minimal land: person ratio and consequently exacerbating pressure on the remaining natural resources. Bangladesh is in favor of an <span class="hlt">international</span> agreement for assistance to vulnerable countries like Bangladesh to take necessary preparations and adopt measures to survive a sea-level rise, <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, increased flooding, and more frequent storm surges.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EOSTr..84..337H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EOSTr..84..337H"><span>Developing perturbations for <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Impact Assessments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hewitson, Bruce</p> <p></p> <p>Following the 2001 Intergovernmental Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (IPCC) Third Assessment Report [TAR; IPCC, 2001], and the paucity of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impact assessments from developing nations, there has been a significant growth in activities to redress this shortcoming. However, undertaking impact assessments (in relation to malaria, crop stress, regional water supply, etc.) is contingent on available <span class="hlt">climate</span>-scale scenarios at time and space scales of relevance to the regional issues of importance. These scales are commonly far finer than even the native resolution of the Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Models (GCMs) (the principal tools for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> research), let alone the skillful resolution (scales of aggregation at which GCM observational error is acceptable for a given application) of GCMs.Consequently, there is a growing demand for regional-scale scenarios, which in turn are reliant on techniques to downscale from GCMs, such as empirical downscaling or nested Regional <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Models (RCMs). These methods require significant skill, experiential knowledge, and computational infrastructure in order to derive credible regional-scale scenarios. In contrast, it is often the case that impact assessment researchers in developing nations have inadequate resources with limited access to scientists in the broader <span class="hlt">international</span> scientific community who have the time and expertise to assist. However, where developing effective downscaled scenarios is problematic, it is possible that much useful information can still be obtained for impact assessments by examining the system sensitivity to largerscale <span class="hlt">climate</span> perturbations. Consequently, one may argue that the early phase of assessing sensitivity and vulnerability should first be characterized by evaluation of the first-order impacts, rather than immediately addressing the finer, secondary factors that are dependant on scenarios derived through downscaling.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMPA13C1352W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMPA13C1352W"><span>Alaska Center for <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Assessment and Policy: Partnering with Decision-Makers in <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Adaptation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>White, D.; Trainor, S.; Walsh, J.; Gerlach, C.</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>The Alaska Center for <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Assessment and Policy (ACCAP; www.uaf.edu/accap) is one of several, NOAA funded, Regional Integrated Science and Policy (RISA) programs nation-wide (http://www.<span class="hlt">climate</span>.noaa.gov/cpo_pa/risa/). Our mission is to assess the socio-economic and biophysical impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability in Alaska, make this information available to local and regional decision-makers, and improve the ability of Alaskans to adapt to a <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>. We partner with the University of Alaska?s Scenario Network for Alaska Planning (SNAP; http://www.snap.uaf.edu/), state and local government, state and federal agencies, industry, and non-profit organizations to communicate accurate and up-to-date <span class="hlt">climate</span> science and assist in formulating adaptation and mitigation plans. ACCAP and SNAP scientists are members of the Governor?s <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Sub-Cabinet Adaptation and Mitigation Advisory and Technical Working Groups (http://www.climatechange.alaska.gov/), and apply their scientific expertise to provide down-scaled, state-wide maps of temperature and precipitation projections for these groups. An ACCAP scientist also serves as co-chair for the Fairbanks North Star Borough <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Task Force, assisting this group as they work through the five-step model for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> planning put forward by the <span class="hlt">International</span> Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (http://www.investfairbanks.com/Taskforces/<span class="hlt">climate</span>.php). ACCAP scientists work closely with federal resource managers in on a range of projects including: partnering with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to analyze hydrologic <span class="hlt">changes</span> associated with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and related ecological impacts and wildlife management and development issues on Alaska?s North Slope; partnering with members of the Alaska Interagency Wildland Fire Coordinating Group in statistical modeling to predict seasonal wildfire activity and coordinate fire suppression resources state-wide; and working with Alaska Native Elders and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMED33B0774D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMED33B0774D"><span>Current <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Variability & <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Diem, J.; Criswell, B.; Elliott, W. C.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Current <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Variability & <span class="hlt">Change</span> is the ninth among a suite of ten interconnected, sequential labs that address all 39 <span class="hlt">climate</span>-literacy concepts in the U.S. Global <span class="hlt">Change</span> Research Program's <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Literacy: The Essential Principles of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Sciences. The labs are as follows: Solar Radiation & Seasons, Stratospheric Ozone, The Troposphere, The Carbon Cycle, Global Surface Temperature, Glacial-Interglacial Cycles, Temperature <span class="hlt">Changes</span> over the Past Millennium, <span class="hlt">Climates</span> & Ecosystems, Current <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Variability & <span class="hlt">Change</span>, and Future <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>. All are inquiry-based, on-line products designed in a way that enables students to construct their own knowledge of a topic. Questions representative of various levels of Webb's depth of knowledge are embedded in each lab. In addition to the embedded questions, each lab has three or four essential questions related to the driving questions for the lab suite. These essential questions are presented as statements at the beginning of the material to represent the lab objectives, and then are asked at the end as questions to function as a summative assessment. For example, the Current <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Variability & <span class="hlt">Change</span> is built around these essential questions: (1) What has happened to the global temperature at the Earth's surface, in the middle troposphere, and in the lower stratosphere over the past several decades?; (2) What is the most likely cause of the <span class="hlt">changes</span> in global temperature over the past several decades and what evidence is there that this is the cause?; and (3) What have been some of the clearly defined effects of the <span class="hlt">change</span> in global temperature on the atmosphere and other spheres of the Earth system? An introductory Prezi allows the instructor to assess students' prior knowledge in relation to these questions, while also providing 'hooks' to pique their interest related to the topic. The lab begins by presenting examples of and key differences between <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability (e.g., Mt. Pinatubo eruption) and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25714347','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25714347"><span>The scientific consensus on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as a gateway belief: experimental evidence.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>van der Linden, Sander L; Leiserowitz, Anthony A; Feinberg, Geoffrey D; Maibach, Edward W</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>There is currently widespread public misunderstanding about the degree of scientific consensus on human-caused <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, both in the US as well as <span class="hlt">internationally</span>. Moreover, previous research has identified important associations between public perceptions of the scientific consensus, belief in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and support for <span class="hlt">climate</span> policy. This paper extends this line of research by advancing and providing experimental evidence for a "gateway belief model" (GBM). Using national data (N = 1104) from a consensus-message experiment, we find that increasing public perceptions of the scientific consensus is significantly and causally associated with an increase in the belief that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is happening, human-caused and a worrisome threat. In turn, <span class="hlt">changes</span> in these key beliefs are predictive of increased support for public action. In short, we find that perceived scientific agreement is an important gateway belief, ultimately influencing public responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4340922','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4340922"><span>The Scientific Consensus on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> as a Gateway Belief: Experimental Evidence</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>van der Linden, Sander L.; Leiserowitz, Anthony A.; Feinberg, Geoffrey D.; Maibach, Edward W.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>There is currently widespread public misunderstanding about the degree of scientific consensus on human-caused <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, both in the US as well as <span class="hlt">internationally</span>. Moreover, previous research has identified important associations between public perceptions of the scientific consensus, belief in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and support for <span class="hlt">climate</span> policy. This paper extends this line of research by advancing and providing experimental evidence for a “gateway belief model” (GBM). Using national data (N = 1104) from a consensus-message experiment, we find that increasing public perceptions of the scientific consensus is significantly and causally associated with an increase in the belief that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is happening, human-caused and a worrisome threat. In turn, <span class="hlt">changes</span> in these key beliefs are predictive of increased support for public action. In short, we find that perceived scientific agreement is an important gateway belief, ultimately influencing public responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. PMID:25714347</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFMPA24A..07A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFMPA24A..07A"><span><span class="hlt">Changes</span> in the Perceived Risk of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>: Evidence from Sudden <span class="hlt">Climatic</span> Events</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Anttila-Hughes, J. K.</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>In the course of the past two decades the threat of anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has moved from a scientific concern of relative obscurity to become one of the largest environmental and public goods problems in history. During this period public understanding of the risk of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has shifted from negligible to quite large. In this paper I propose a means of quantifying this <span class="hlt">change</span> by examining how sudden events supporting the theory of anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> have affected carbon intensive companies' stock prices. Using CAPM event study methodology for companies in several carbon-intensive industries, I find strong evidence that markets have been reacting to <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the scientific evidence for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> for some time. Specifically, the <span class="hlt">change</span> in magnitude of response over time seems to indicate that investors believed <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> was a potentially serious risk to corporate profits as early as the mid 1990s. Moreover, market reaction dependence on event type indicates that investors are differentiating between different advances in the scientific knowledge. Announcements by NASA GISS that the previous year was a “record hot year” for the globe are associated with negative excess returns, while news of ice shelf collapses are associated with strong positive excess returns. These results imply that investors are aware of how different aspects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will affect carbon intensive companies, specifically in terms of the link between warming in general and polar ice cover. This implies that policy choices based on observable public opinion have lagged actual private concern over <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>'s potential threat.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29581589','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29581589"><span>The resilience of postglacial hunter-gatherers to abrupt <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Blockley, Simon; Candy, Ian; Matthews, Ian; Langdon, Pete; Langdon, Cath; Palmer, Adrian; Lincoln, Paul; Abrook, Ashley; Taylor, Barry; Conneller, Chantal; Bayliss, Alex; MacLeod, Alison; Deeprose, Laura; Darvill, Chris; Kearney, Rebecca; Beavan, Nancy; Staff, Richard; Bamforth, Michael; Taylor, Maisie; Milner, Nicky</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Understanding the resilience of early societies to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is an essential part of exploring the environmental sensitivity of human populations. There is significant interest in the role of abrupt <span class="hlt">climate</span> events as a driver of early Holocene human activity, but there are very few well-dated records directly compared with local <span class="hlt">climate</span> archives. Here, we present evidence from the <span class="hlt">internationally</span> important Mesolithic site of Star Carr showing occupation during the early Holocene, which is directly compared with a high-resolution palaeoclimate record from neighbouring lake beds. We show that-once established-there was intensive human activity at the site for several hundred years when the community was subject to multiple, severe, abrupt <span class="hlt">climate</span> events that impacted air temperatures, the landscape and the ecosystem of the region. However, these results show that occupation and activity at the site persisted regardless of the environmental stresses experienced by this society. The Star Carr population displayed a high level of resilience to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, suggesting that postglacial populations were not necessarily held hostage to the flickering switch of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Instead, we show that local, intrinsic <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the wetland environment were more significant in determining human activity than the large-scale abrupt early Holocene <span class="hlt">climate</span> events.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6014149','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6014149"><span>Mainstreaming biodiversity and wildlife management into <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> policy frameworks in selected east and southern African countries</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Nhamo, Godwell</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The Rio+20 outcomes document, the Future We Want, enshrines green economy as one of the platforms to attain sustainable development and calls for measures that seek to address <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and biodiversity management. This paper audits <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> policies from selected east and southern African countries to determine the extent to which <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> legislation mainstreams biodiversity and wildlife management. A scan of <span class="hlt">international</span>, continental, regional and national <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> policies was conducted to assess whether they include biodiversity and/or wildlife management issues. The key finding is that many <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> policy–related documents, particularly the National Adaptation Programme of Actions (NAPAs), address threats to biodiversity and wildlife resources. However, <span class="hlt">international</span> policies like the United Nations Framework Convention on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> and Kyoto Protocol do not address the matter under deliberation. Regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> policies such as the East African Community, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa and African Union address biodiversity and/or wildlife issues whilst the Southern African Development Community region does not have a stand-alone policy for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Progressive countries like Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania and Zambia have recently put in place detailed NAPAs which are mainstream responsive strategies intended to address <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation in the wildlife sector.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_10 --> <div id="page_11" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="201"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26496851','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26496851"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and environmental concentrations of POPs: A review.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nadal, Martí; Marquès, Montse; Mari, Montse; Domingo, José L</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>In recent years, the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impact on the concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has become a topic of notable concern. <span class="hlt">Changes</span> in environmental conditions such as the increase of the average temperature, or the UV-B radiation, are likely to influence the fate and behavior of POPs, ultimately affecting human exposure. The state of the art of the impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on environmental concentrations of POPs, as well as on human health risks, is here reviewed. Research gaps are also identified, while future studies are suggested. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and POPs are a hot issue, for which wide attention should be paid not only by scientists, but also and mainly by policy makers. Most studies reported in the scientific literature are focused on legacy POPs, mainly polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides. However, the number of investigations aimed at estimating the impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on the environmental levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is scarce, despite of the fact that exposure to PAHs and photodegradation byproducts may result in adverse health effects. Furthermore, no data on emerging POPs are currently available in the scientific literature. In consequence, an intensification of studies to identify and mitigate the indirect effects of the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on POP fate is needed to minimize the human health impact. Furthermore, being this a global problem, interactions between <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and POPs must be addressed from an <span class="hlt">international</span> perspective. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=307517&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=solomon+AND+research&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=307517&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=solomon+AND+research&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> refugia as a tool for <span class="hlt">climate</span> adaptation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> refugia, areas relatively buffered from contemporary <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> so as to increase persistence of valued physical, ecological, and cultural resources, are considered as potential adaptation options in the face of anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. In a collaboration ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMED31F..02S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMED31F..02S"><span>Three Connected <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Education Interactives: Carbon Cycle, Earth System Energy Flows, and <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Impacts/Adaptations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sussman, A.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The Pacific Islands <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Education Partnership (PCEP) serves the U.S. Affiliated Pacific Island (USAPI) Region. The <span class="hlt">international</span> entities served by PCEP are the state of Hawai'i (USA); three Freely Associated States (the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau), and three Territories (Guam, Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, and American Samoa). Funded by NSF, the PCEP aims to educate the region's students and citizens in ways that exemplify modern science and indigenous environmental knowledge, address the urgency of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts, and focus on adaptation strategies that can increase resiliency with respect to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts. Unfortunately the vast majority of the science texts used in schools come from the US mainland and feature contexts that do not relate to the lives of Pacific island students. The curricular materials also tend to be older and to have very weak <span class="hlt">climate</span> science content, especially with respect to tropical islands and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. In collaboration with public broadcast station WGBH, PCEP has developed three <span class="hlt">climate</span> education interactives that sequentially provide an introduction to key <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> education concepts. The first in the series focuses on the global carbon cycle and connects increased atmospheric CO2 with rising global temperatures. The second analyzes Earth system energy flows to explain the key role of the increased greenhouse effect. The third focuses on four <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts (higher temperatures, rising sea level, <span class="hlt">changes</span> in precipitation, and ocean acidification), and adaptation strategies to increase resiliency of local ecosystems and human systems. While the interactives have a Pacific island visual and text perspective, they are broadly applicable for other education audiences. Learners can use the interactives to engage with the basic science concepts, and then apply the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts to their own contexts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14563996','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14563996"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> in Medieval time.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bradley, Raymond S; Hughes, Malcolm K; Diaz, Henry F</p> <p>2003-10-17</p> <p>Many papers have referred to a "Medieval Warm Period." But how well defined is <span class="hlt">climate</span> in this period, and was it as warm as or warmer than it is today? In their Perspective, Bradley et al. review the evidence and conclude that although the High Medieval (1100 to 1200 A.D.) was warmer than subsequent centuries, it was not warmer than the late 20th century. Moreover, the warmest Medieval temperatures were not synchronous around the globe. Large <span class="hlt">changes</span> in precipitation patterns are a particular characteristic of "High Medieval" time. The underlying mechanisms for such <span class="hlt">changes</span> must be elucidated further to inform the ongoing debate on natural <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability and anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3948295','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3948295"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> effects on agriculture: Economic responses to biophysical shocks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Nelson, Gerald C.; Valin, Hugo; Sands, Ronald D.; Havlík, Petr; Ahammad, Helal; Deryng, Delphine; Elliott, Joshua; Fujimori, Shinichiro; Hasegawa, Tomoko; Heyhoe, Edwina; Kyle, Page; Von Lampe, Martin; Lotze-Campen, Hermann; Mason d’Croz, Daniel; van Meijl, Hans; van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique; Müller, Christoph; Popp, Alexander; Robertson, Richard; Robinson, Sherman; Schmid, Erwin; Schmitz, Christoph; Tabeau, Andrzej; Willenbockel, Dirk</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Agricultural production is sensitive to weather and thus directly affected by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Plausible estimates of these <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts require combined use of <span class="hlt">climate</span>, crop, and economic models. Results from previous studies vary substantially due to differences in models, scenarios, and data. This paper is part of a collective effort to systematically integrate these three types of models. We focus on the economic component of the assessment, investigating how nine global economic models of agriculture represent endogenous responses to seven standardized <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> scenarios produced by two <span class="hlt">climate</span> and five crop models. These responses include adjustments in yields, area, consumption, and <span class="hlt">international</span> trade. We apply biophysical shocks derived from the Intergovernmental Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Change’s representative concentration pathway with end-of-century radiative forcing of 8.5 W/m2. The mean biophysical yield effect with no incremental CO2 fertilization is a 17% reduction globally by 2050 relative to a scenario with unchanging <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Endogenous economic responses reduce yield loss to 11%, increase area of major crops by 11%, and reduce consumption by 3%. Agricultural production, cropland area, trade, and prices show the greatest degree of variability in response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and consumption the lowest. The sources of these differences include model structure and specification; in particular, model assumptions about ease of land use conversion, intensification, and trade. This study identifies where models disagree on the relative responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> shocks and highlights research activities needed to improve the representation of agricultural adaptation responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. PMID:24344285</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ThApC.tmp..201L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ThApC.tmp..201L"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> projections for Greek viticulture as simulated by a regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> model</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lazoglou, Georgia; Anagnostopoulou, Christina; Koundouras, Stefanos</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Viticulture represents an important economic activity for Greek agriculture. Winegrapes are cultivated in many areas covering the whole Greek territory, due to the favorable soil and <span class="hlt">climatic</span> conditions. Given the dependence of viticulture on <span class="hlt">climate</span>, the vitivinicultural sector is expected to be affected by possible <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span>. The present study is set out to investigate the impacts of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in Greek viticulture, using nine bioclimatic indices for the period 1981-2100. For this purpose, reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and data from the regional <span class="hlt">climatic</span> model Regional <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Model Version 3 (RegCM3) are used. It was found that the examined regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> model estimates satisfactorily these bioclimatic indices. The results of the study show that the increasing trend of temperature and drought will affect all wine-producing regions in Greece. In vineyards in mountainous regions, the impact is positive, while in islands and coastal regions, it is negative. Overall, it should be highlighted that for the first time that Greece is classified into common <span class="hlt">climatic</span> characteristic categories, according to the <span class="hlt">international</span> Geoviticulture Multicriteria <span class="hlt">Climatic</span> Classification System (MCC system). According to the proposed classification, Greek viticulture regions are estimated to have similar <span class="hlt">climatic</span> characteristics with the warmer wine-producing regions of the world up to the end of twenty-first century. Wine growers and winemakers should take the findings of the study under consideration in order to take measures for Greek wine sector adaptation and the continuation of high-quality wine production.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19745143','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19745143"><span>Ecological dynamics across the Arctic associated with recent <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Post, Eric; Forchhammer, Mads C; Bret-Harte, M Syndonia; Callaghan, Terry V; Christensen, Torben R; Elberling, Bo; Fox, Anthony D; Gilg, Olivier; Hik, David S; Høye, Toke T; Ims, Rolf A; Jeppesen, Erik; Klein, David R; Madsen, Jesper; McGuire, A David; Rysgaard, Søren; Schindler, Daniel E; Stirling, Ian; Tamstorf, Mikkel P; Tyler, Nicholas J C; van der Wal, Rene; Welker, Jeffrey; Wookey, Philip A; Schmidt, Niels Martin; Aastrup, Peter</p> <p>2009-09-11</p> <p>At the close of the Fourth <span class="hlt">International</span> Polar Year, we take stock of the ecological consequences of recent <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in the Arctic, focusing on effects at population, community, and ecosystem scales. Despite the buffering effect of landscape heterogeneity, Arctic ecosystems and the trophic relationships that structure them have been severely perturbed. These rapid <span class="hlt">changes</span> may be a bellwether of <span class="hlt">changes</span> to come at lower latitudes and have the potential to affect ecosystem services related to natural resources, food production, <span class="hlt">climate</span> regulation, and cultural integrity. We highlight areas of ecological research that deserve priority as the Arctic continues to warm.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29873062','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29873062"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and atopic dermatitis: is there a link?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nguyen, Giang Huong; Andersen, Louise Kronborg; Davis, Mark Denis P</p> <p>2018-06-05</p> <p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease with a growing health concern, because of its high prevalence and associated low quality of life. The etiology of AD is multifactorial with interaction between various factors such as genetic predisposition, immune, and importantly, environmental factors. Since <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is associated with a profound shift in environmental factors, we suggest that AD is being influenced by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. This review highlights the effects of ultraviolet light, temperature, humidity, pollens, air pollutants, and their interaction between them contributing to the epidemiology and pathophysiology of AD. © 2018 The <span class="hlt">International</span> Society of Dermatology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930009774','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930009774"><span>Geodynamic contributions to global <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bills, Bruce G.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>Orbital and rotational variations perturb the latitudinal and seasonal pattern of incident solar radiation, producing major <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on time scales of 10(exp 4)-10(exp 6) years. The orbital variations are oblivious to <span class="hlt">internal</span> structure and processes, but the rotational variations are not. A program of investigation whose objective would be to explore and quantify three aspects of orbital, rotational, and <span class="hlt">climatic</span> interactions is described. An important premise of this investigation is the synergism between geodynamics and paleoclimate. Better geophysical models of precessional dynamics are needed in order to accurately reconstruct the radiative input to <span class="hlt">climate</span> models. Some of the paleoclimate proxy records contain information relevant to solid Earth processes, on time scales which are difficult to constrain otherwise. Specific mechanisms which will be addressed include: (1) <span class="hlt">climatic</span> consequences of deglacial polar motion; and (2) precessional and <span class="hlt">climatic</span> consequences of glacially induced perturbations in the gravitational oblateness and partial decoupling of the mantle and core. The approach entails constructing theoretical models of the rotational, deformational, radiative, and <span class="hlt">climatic</span> response of the Earth to known orbital perturbations, and comparing these with extensive records of paleoclimate proxy data. Several of the mechanisms of interest may participate in previously unrecognized feed-back loops in the <span class="hlt">climate</span> dynamics system. A new algorithm for estimating <span class="hlt">climatically</span> diagnostic locations and seasons from the paleoclimate time series is proposed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23097130','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23097130"><span>The influence of global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on the scientific foundations and applications of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: introduction to a SETAC <span class="hlt">international</span> workshop.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Stahl, Ralph G; Hooper, Michael J; Balbus, John M; Clements, William; Fritz, Alyce; Gouin, Todd; Helm, Roger; Hickey, Christopher; Landis, Wayne; Moe, S Jannicke</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>This is the first of seven papers resulting from a Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) <span class="hlt">international</span> workshop titled "The Influence of Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> on the Scientific Foundations and Applications of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry." The workshop involved 36 scientists from 11 countries and was designed to answer the following question: How will global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> influence the environmental impacts of chemicals and other stressors and the way we assess and manage them in the environment? While more detail is found in the complete series of articles, some key consensus points are as follows: (1) human actions (including mitigation of and adaptation to impacts of global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> [GCC]) may have as much influence on the fate and distribution of chemical contaminants as does GCC, and modeled predictions should be interpreted cautiously; (2) <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> can affect the toxicity of chemicals, but chemicals can also affect how organisms acclimate to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>; (3) effects of GCC may be slow, variable, and difficult to detect, though some populations and communities of high vulnerability may exhibit responses sooner and more dramatically than others; (4) future approaches to human and ecological risk assessments will need to incorporate multiple stressors and cumulative risks considering the wide spectrum of potential impacts stemming from GCC; and (5) baseline/reference conditions for estimating resource injury and restoration/rehabilitation will continually shift due to GCC and represent significant challenges to practitioners. Copyright © 2013 SETAC.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70041965','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70041965"><span>The influence of global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on the scientific foundations and applications of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Introduction to a SETAC <span class="hlt">international</span> workshop</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Stahl, Ralph G.; Hooper, Michael J.; Balbus, John M.; Clements, William; Fritz, Alyce; Gouin, Todd; Helm, Roger; Hickey, Christopher; Landis, Wayne; Moe, S. Jannicke</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>This is the first of seven papers resulting from a Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) <span class="hlt">international</span> workshop titled “The Influence of Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> on the Scientific Foundations and Applications of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.” The workshop involved 36 scientists from 11 countries and was designed to answer the following question: How will global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> influence the environmental impacts of chemicals and other stressors and the way we assess and manage them in the environment? While more detail is found in the complete series of articles, some key consensus points are as follows: (1) human actions (including mitigation of and adaptation to impacts of global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> [GCC]) may have as much influence on the fate and distribution of chemical contaminants as does GCC, and modeled predictions should be interpreted cautiously; (2) <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> can affect the toxicity of chemicals, but chemicals can also affect how organisms acclimate to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>; (3) effects of GCC may be slow, variable, and difficult to detect, though some populations and communities of high vulnerability may exhibit responses sooner and more dramatically than others; (4) future approaches to human and ecological risk assessments will need to incorporate multiple stressors and cumulative risks considering the wide spectrum of potential impacts stemming from GCC; and (5) baseline/reference conditions for estimating resource injury and restoration/rehabilitation will continually shift due to GCC and represent significant challenges to practitioners.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001AGUSM...U42B08D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001AGUSM...U42B08D"><span>Atmospheric Extremes in a <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span>: A Strategy for Improved Understanding Driven by <span class="hlt">International</span> Security Concerns</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Davis, A. B.; Kao, C. J.</p> <p>2001-05-01</p> <p>The overarching mission of Los Alamos National Laboratory is to use science and technology to reduce nuclear danger. In the complex multipolar reality of the post cold-war era, this core mission is naturally enlarged to include all weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, chemical, and biological) as well as acts of terrorism. Traditionally, LANL and other institutions in the DOE weapons complex pay little attention to the reasons a country or group of individuals chooses the road of proliferation. That is considered a ``soft'' science at best and, at any rate, is left to other government agencies, their non-governmental and their <span class="hlt">international</span> partners. However, this division-of-labor overlooks an area of challenging science where DOE laboratories such as LANL, in partnership with academia, can offer valuable insight into a sensitive ``trigger'' in the proliferation process. Indeed, a population subjected to catastrophic environmental degradation becomes far more likely to endorse a proliferant regime or spawn terrorist groups simply because it has little more to lose. Once physical health and economic survival is in jeopardy, whole populations and individuals alike become desperate. This situation is more easily exploited politically than remedied through <span class="hlt">international</span> aid, especially when the region is already volatile. Scenarios of political de-stabilization due to environmental degradation become even more likely when reminded that the planet is gradually warming and, quite possibly, this trend in the mean will drive <span class="hlt">changes</span> in extreme weather patterns, quite possibly, for the worse in terms of intensity, duration and frequency. Of the long list of natural disasters that threaten populations and infrastructure, most involve the atmosphere, largely because it is the least inert (hence most turbulent) of the geophysical fluids. Furthermore, the dominant nonlinear response in a complex socio-environmental system is generically not to a <span class="hlt">change</span> in the mean, but to a</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-07-27/pdf/2010-18317.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-07-27/pdf/2010-18317.pdf"><span>75 FR 43944 - Defense Science Board; Task Force on Trends and Implications of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> for National and...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-27</p> <p>... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Defense Science Board; Task Force on Trends and Implications of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> for National and <span class="hlt">International</span> Security AGENCY: Department of Defense (DoD... and Implications of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> for National and <span class="hlt">International</span> Security will meet in closed session...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-06-17/pdf/2010-14672.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-06-17/pdf/2010-14672.pdf"><span>75 FR 34438 - Defense Science Board Task Force on Trends and Implications of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> for National and...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-06-17</p> <p>... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Defense Science Board Task Force on Trends and Implications of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> for National and <span class="hlt">International</span> Security AGENCY: Department of Defense (DoD... and Implications of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> for National and <span class="hlt">International</span> Security will meet in closed session...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24722848','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24722848"><span>Managing protected areas under <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: challenges and priorities.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rannow, Sven; Macgregor, Nicholas A; Albrecht, Juliane; Crick, Humphrey Q P; Förster, Michael; Heiland, Stefan; Janauer, Georg; Morecroft, Mike D; Neubert, Marco; Sarbu, Anca; Sienkiewicz, Jadwiga</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>The implementation of adaptation actions in local conservation management is a new and complex task with multiple facets, influenced by factors differing from site to site. A transdisciplinary perspective is therefore required to identify and implement effective solutions. To address this, the <span class="hlt">International</span> Conference on Managing Protected Areas under <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> brought together <span class="hlt">international</span> scientists, conservation managers, and decision-makers to discuss current experiences with local adaptation of conservation management. This paper summarizes the main issues for implementing adaptation that emerged from the conference. These include a series of conclusions and recommendations on monitoring, sensitivity assessment, current and future management practices, and legal and policy aspects. A range of spatial and temporal scales must be considered in the implementation of <span class="hlt">climate</span>-adapted management. The adaptation process must be area-specific and consider the ecosystem and the social and economic conditions within and beyond protected area boundaries. However, a strategic overview is also needed: management at each site should be informed by conservation priorities and likely impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> at regional or even wider scales. Acting across these levels will be a long and continuous process, requiring coordination with actors outside the "traditional" conservation sector. To achieve this, a range of research, communication, and policy/legal actions is required. We identify a series of important actions that need to be taken at different scales to enable managers of protected sites to adapt successfully to a <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007EOSTr..88S.238Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007EOSTr..88S.238Z"><span>In Brief: Refugee numbers could increase due to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zielinski, Sarah</p> <p>2007-05-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> could push the number of refugees globally to more than one billion by 2050, according to a new report from the British charity Christian Aid. Currently, there are about 155 million `<span class="hlt">internally</span> displaced persons' worldwide, driven from their homes due to conflict, ethnic persecution, or natural disasters. The addition of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and growing population numbers could exacerbate these ongoing problems. In the report, Mali is presented as a case study where ongoing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is forcing farmers to find other ways to feed their families; one result is an increased number of people attempting to migrate to Europe. The report calls on rich nations to devote US$100 billion each year to help poor people adapt to <span class="hlt">changing</span> weather patterns. The report, ``Human tide: the real migration crisis,'' is available at http://www.christian-aid.org.uk/indepth/705caweekreport/</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMED31A3425J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMED31A3425J"><span>Increasing Diversity in Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Research for Undergraduates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Johnson, L. P.; Marchese, P.; Carlson, B. E.; Howard, A. M.; Peteet, D. M.; Rosenzweig, C.; Druyan, L. M.; Fulakeza, M.; Gaffin, S.; Austin, S. A.; Cheung, T. D.; Damas, M. C.; Boxe, C.; Prince, T.; Ng, C.; Frost, J.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> and the ability to predict the effects of forcings and feedback mechanisms on global and local <span class="hlt">climate</span> are critical to the survival of the inhabitants of planet Earth. It is therefore important to motivate students to continue their studies towards advanced degrees and pursue careers related to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. This is best accomplished by involving undergraduates in global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> research. This Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) initiative is based at the City University of New York (CUNY) and the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), and is supported by NASA and NSF. Mentors for the primarily summer research experiences include CUNY faculty and GISS scientists. Research topics include the Wetland Carbon Project, The Cooling Power Of Urban Vegetation, <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Ocean Mixing, El Niño Southern Oscillation, Pollution Transport and Tropospheric Ozone. Students are recruited from CUNY colleges and other colleges and universities. The program maintains an emphasis on under-represented minorities and females. Approximately sixty percent of the undergraduate students are under-represented minorities and forty percent are female. The project is supported by NSF award AGS-1359293 REU Site: CUNY/GISS Center for Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Research.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20100002101&hterms=climate+facts&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dclimate%2Bfacts','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20100002101&hterms=climate+facts&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dclimate%2Bfacts"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> and Tropical Total Lightning</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Albrecht, R.; Petersen, W.; Buechler, D.; Goodman, S.; Blakeslee, R.; Christian, H.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>While global warming is regarded as a fact by many in the scientific community, its future impact remains a challenge to be determined and measured. The <span class="hlt">International</span> Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (IPCC) assessment report (IPCC, 2007) shows inconclusive answers on global rainfall trends and general agreement on a future drier <span class="hlt">climate</span> with increased global warming. The relationship between temperature, humidity and convection is not linear and is strongly dependent on regional scale features, such as topography and land cover. Furthermore, the relationship between convective lightning production (thunderstorms) and temperature is even more complicated, being subjected to the cloud dynamics and microphysics. Total lightning (intracloud and cloud-to-ground) monitoring is a relatively new field of observation. Global and tropical total lightning began to be more extensively measured by satellites in the mid 90s. In this scope, the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) onboard of the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) has been operational for over 11 years. Here we address total lightning trends observed by LIS from 1998 to 2008 in different temporal (annual and seasonal) and spatial (large and regional) scales. The observed 11-year trends are then associate to different predicted/hypothesized <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> scenarios.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMGC14A..04S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMGC14A..04S"><span>Engaging a moving target: Adapting to rates of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shayegh, S.; Caldeira, K.; Moreno-Cruz, J.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is affecting the planet and its human and natural systems at an increasing rate. As temperatures continue to rise, the <span class="hlt">international</span> community has increasingly been considering adaptation measures to prepare for future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. However, most discussion around adaptation strategies has focused on preparedness for some expected amount of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts, e.g. 2 meters sea level rise. In this study, we discuss adaptation to rates of <span class="hlt">change</span> as an alternative conceptual framework for thinking about adaptation. Adaptation is not only about adapting to amounts of <span class="hlt">change</span>, but the rate at which these <span class="hlt">changes</span> occur is also critically important. We ground our discussion with an example of optimal coastal investment in the face of ongoing sea level rise. Sea level rise threatens coastal assets. Finite resources could be devoted to building infrastructure further inland or to building coastal defense systems. A possible policy response could be to create a "no-build" coastal buffer zone that anticipates a future higher sea level. We present a quantitative model that illustrates the interplay among various important factors (rate of sea level rise, discount rate, capital depreciation rate, attractiveness of coastal land, etc). For some cases, strategies that combine periodic defensive investments (e.g. dikes) with planned retreat can maximize welfare when adapting to rates of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. In other cases, planned retreat may be optimal. It is important to prepare for ongoing increasing amounts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Preparing for a fixed amount of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> can lead to a suboptimal solution. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> is likely to continue <span class="hlt">changing</span> throughout this century and beyond. To reduce adverse <span class="hlt">climate</span> impacts, ecosystems and human systems will need to continuously adapt to a moving target.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17...98G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17...98G"><span>Using Web GIS "<span class="hlt">Climate</span>" for Adaptation to <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gordova, Yulia; Martynova, Yulia; Shulgina, Tamara</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>A work is devoted to the application of an information-computational Web GIS "<span class="hlt">Climate</span>" developed by joint team of the Institute of Monitoring of <span class="hlt">Climatic</span> and Ecological Systems SB RAS and Tomsk State University to raise awareness about current and future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as a basis for further adaptation. Web-GIS "<span class="hlt">Climate</span>» (http://<span class="hlt">climate</span>.scert.ru/) based on modern concepts of Web 2.0 provides opportunities to study regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and its consequences by providing access to <span class="hlt">climate</span> and weather models, a large set of geophysical data and means of processing and visualization. Also, the system is used for the joint development of software applications by distributed research teams, research based on these applications and undergraduate and graduate students training. In addition, the system capabilities allow creating information resources to raise public awareness about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, its causes and consequences, which is a necessary step for the subsequent adaptation to these <span class="hlt">changes</span>. Basic information course on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is placed in the public domain and is aimed at local population. Basic concepts and problems of modern <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and its possible consequences are set out and illustrated in accessible language. Particular attention is paid to regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span>. In addition to the information part, the course also includes a selection of links to popular science network resources on current issues in Earth Sciences and a number of practical tasks to consolidate the material. These tasks are performed for a particular territory. Within the tasks users need to analyze the prepared within the "<span class="hlt">Climate</span>" map layers and answer questions of direct interest to the public: "How did the minimum value of winter temperatures <span class="hlt">change</span> in your area?", "What are the dynamics of maximum summer temperatures?", etc. Carrying out the analysis of the dynamics of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> contributes to a better understanding of <span class="hlt">climate</span> processes and further adaptation</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_11 --> <div id="page_12" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="221"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28844791','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28844791"><span><span class="hlt">Climates</span> Past, Present, and Yet-to-Come Shape <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Vulnerabilities.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nadeau, Christopher P; Urban, Mark C; Bridle, Jon R</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is altering life at multiple scales, from genes to ecosystems. Predicting the vulnerability of populations to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is crucial to mitigate negative impacts. We suggest that regional patterns of spatial and temporal <span class="hlt">climatic</span> variation scaled to the traits of an organism can predict where and why populations are most vulnerable to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Specifically, historical <span class="hlt">climatic</span> variation affects the sensitivity and response capacity of populations to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> by shaping traits and the genetic variation in those traits. Present and future <span class="hlt">climatic</span> variation can affect both <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> exposure and population responses. We provide seven predictions for how <span class="hlt">climatic</span> variation might affect the vulnerability of populations to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and suggest key directions for future research. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24938808','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24938808"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and air pollution jointly creating nightmare for tourism industry.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sajjad, Faiza; Noreen, Umara; Zaman, Khalid</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p>The objective of the study is to examine the long-run and causal relationship between <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> (i.e., greenhouse gas emissions, hydrofluorocarbons, per fluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride), air pollution (i.e., methane emissions, nitrous oxide emissions, and carbon dioxide emissions), and tourism development indicators (i.e., <span class="hlt">international</span> tourism receipts, <span class="hlt">international</span> tourism expenditures, natural resource depletion, and net forest depletion) in the World's largest regions. The aggregate data is used for robust analysis in the South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, and East Asia and the Pacific regions, over a period of 1975-2012. The results show that <span class="hlt">climatic</span> factors and air pollution have a negative impact on tourism indicators in the form of deforestation and natural resource depletion. The impact is evident, as we have seen the systematic eroding of tourism industry, due to severe <span class="hlt">changes</span> in <span class="hlt">climate</span> and increasing strain of air pollution. There are several channels of cause-effect relationship between the <span class="hlt">climatic</span> factors, air pollution, and tourism indicators in the World's region. The study confirms the unidirectional, bidirectional, and causality independent relationship between <span class="hlt">climatic</span> factors, air pollution, and tourism indicators in the World. It is conclusive that tourism industry is facing all time bigger challenges of reduce investment, less resources, and minor importance from the government agencies because of the two broad challenges, i.e., <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and air pollution, putting them in a dismal state.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1132713-climate-change-effects-agriculture-economic-responses-biophysical-shocks','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1132713-climate-change-effects-agriculture-economic-responses-biophysical-shocks"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> effects on agriculture: Economic responses to biophysical shocks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Nelson, Gerald; Valin, Hugo; Sands, Ronald</p> <p></p> <p>Agricultural production is sensitive to weather and will thus be directly affected by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Plausible estimates of these <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts require combined use of <span class="hlt">climate</span>, crop, and economic models. Results from previous studies vary substantially due to differences in models, scenarios, and data. This paper is part of a collective effort to systematically integrate these three types of models. We focus on the economic component of the assessment, investigating how nine global economic models of agriculture represent endogenous responses to seven standardized <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> scenarios produced by two <span class="hlt">climate</span> and five crop models. These responses include adjustments inmore » yields, area, consumption, and <span class="hlt">international</span> trade. We apply biophysical shocks derived from the IPCC’s Representative Concentration Pathway that result in end-of-century radiative forcing of 8.5 watts per square meter. The mean biophysical impact on crop yield with no incremental CO2 fertilization is a 17 percent reduction globally by 2050 relative to a scenario with unchanging <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Endogenous economic responses reduce yield loss to 11 percent, increase area of major crops by 12 percent, and reduce consumption by 2 percent. Agricultural production, cropland area, trade, and prices show the greatest degree of variability in response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and consumption the lowest. The sources of these differences includes model structure and specification; in particular, model assumptions about ease of land use conversion, intensification, and trade. This study identifies where models disagree on the relative responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> shocks and highlights research activities needed to improve the representation of agricultural adaptation responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011EOSTr..92..292F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011EOSTr..92..292F"><span>Addressing socioeconomic and political challenges posed by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fernando, Harindra Joseph; Klaic, Zvjezdana Bencetic</p> <p>2011-08-01</p> <p>NATO Advanced Research Workshop: <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>, Human Health and National Security; Dubrovnik, Croatia, 28-30 April 2011; <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has been identified as one of the most serious threats to humanity. It not only causes sea level rise, drought, crop failure, vector-borne diseases, extreme events, degradation of water and air quality, heat waves, and other phenomena, but it is also a threat multiplier wherein concatenation of multiple events may lead to frequent human catastrophes and intranational and <span class="hlt">international</span> conflicts. In particular, urban areas may bear the brunt of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> because of the amplification of <span class="hlt">climate</span> effects that cascade down from global to urban scales, but current modeling and downscaling capabilities are unable to predict these effects with confidence. These were the main conclusions of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) sponsored by the NATO Science for Peace and Security program. Thirty-two invitees from 17 counties, including leading modelers; natural, political, and social scientists; engineers; politicians; military experts; urban planners; industry analysts; epidemiologists; and health care professionals, parsed the topic on a common platform.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70155353','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70155353"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> links fate of glaciers and an endemic alpine invertebrate</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Muhlfeld, Clint C.; Giersch, J. Joseph; Hauer, F. Richard; Pederson, Gregory T.; Luikart, Gordon; Peterson, Douglas P.; Downs, Christopher C.; Fagre, Daniel B.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> warming in the mid- to high-latitudes and high-elevation mountainous regions is occurring more rapidly than anywhere else on Earth, causing extensive loss of glaciers and snowpack. However, little is known about the effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on alpine stream biota, especially invertebrates. Here, we show a strong linkage between regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and the fundamental niche of a rare aquatic invertebrate—themeltwater stonefly Lednia tumana—endemic toWaterton- Glacier <span class="hlt">International</span> Peace Park, Canada and USA. L. tumana has been petitioned for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act due to <span class="hlt">climate-change</span>-induced glacier loss, yet little is known on specifically how <span class="hlt">climate</span> impacts may threaten this rare species and many other enigmatic alpine aquatic species worldwide. During 14 years of research, we documented that L. tumana inhabits a narrow distribution, restricted to short sections (∼500 m) of cold, alpine streams directly below glaciers, permanent snowfields, and springs. Our simulation models suggest that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> threatens the potential future distribution of these sensitive habitats and persistence of L. tumana through the loss of glaciers and snowfields. Mountaintop aquatic invertebrates are ideal early warning indicators of <span class="hlt">climate</span> warming in mountain ecosystems. Research on alpine invertebrates is urgently needed to avoid extinctions and ecosystem <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17636293','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17636293"><span>The contribution of ice cover to sediment resuspension in a shallow temperate lake: possible effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on <span class="hlt">internal</span> nutrient loading.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Niemistö, Juha P; Horppila, Jukka</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>The effect of ice cover on sediment resuspension and <span class="hlt">internal</span> total P (Tot-P) loading was studied in the northern temperate Kirkkojärvi basin in Finland. The gross sedimentation and resuspension rates were estimated with sediment traps during ice-cover and ice-free periods. After ice break, the average gross sedimentation rate increased from 1.4 to 30.0 g dw m(-2) d(-1). Resuspension calculations showed clearly higher values after ice break as well. Under ice cover, resuspension ranged from 50 to 78% of the gross sedimentation while during the ice-free period it constituted from 87 to 97% of the gross sedimentation. Consequently, the average resuspension rate increased from 1.0 g dw m(-2) d(-1) under ice-cover to 27.0 g dw m(-2) d(-1) after thaw, indicating the strong effect of ice cover on sediment resuspension. To estimate the potential effect of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on <span class="hlt">internal</span> P loading caused by resuspension we compared the Tot-P loading calculations between the present <span class="hlt">climate</span> and the <span class="hlt">climate</span> with doubled atmospheric CO2 concentration relative to the present day values (ice cover reduced from current 165 to 105 d). The annual load increased from 7.4 to 9.4 g m(-2). In conclusion, the annual <span class="hlt">internal</span> Tot-P loading caused by resuspension will increase by 28% in the Kirkkojärvi basin if the 2xCO2 <span class="hlt">climate</span> scenario comes true.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFMNH51D..06D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFMNH51D..06D"><span>Do We Need Better <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Predictions to Adapt to a <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span>? (Invited)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dessai, S.; Hulme, M.; Lempert, R.; Pielke, R., Jr.</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>Based on a series of <span class="hlt">international</span> scientific assessments, <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has been presented to society as a major problem that needs urgently to be tackled. The science that underpins these assessments has been pre-dominantly from the realm of the natural sciences and central to this framing have been ‘projections’ of future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> (and its impacts on environment and society) under various greenhouse gas emissions scenarios and using a variety of <span class="hlt">climate</span> model predictions with embedded assumptions. Central to much of the discussion surrounding adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is the claim - explicit or implicit - that decision makers need accurate and increasingly precise assessments of future impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in order to adapt successfully. If true, this claim places a high premium on accurate and precise <span class="hlt">climate</span> predictions at a range of geographical and temporal scales; such predictions therefore become indispensable, and indeed a prerequisite for, effective adaptation decision-making. But is effective adaptation tied to the ability of the scientific enterprise to predict future <span class="hlt">climate</span> with accuracy and precision? If so, this may impose a serious and intractable limit on adaptation. This paper proceeds in three sections. It first gathers evidence of claims that <span class="hlt">climate</span> prediction is necessary for adaptation decision-making. This evidence is drawn from peer-reviewed literature and from published science funding strategies and government policy in a number of different countries. The second part discusses the challenges of <span class="hlt">climate</span> prediction and why science will consistently be unable to provide accurate and precise predictions of future <span class="hlt">climate</span> relevant for adaptation (usually at the local/regional level). Section three discusses whether these limits to future foresight represent a limit to adaptation, arguing that effective adaptation need not be limited by a general inability to predict future <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Given the deep uncertainties involved in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26432813','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26432813"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, conflict and health.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bowles, Devin C; Butler, Colin D; Morisetti, Neil</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>Future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is predicted to diminish essential natural resource availability in many regions and perhaps globally. The resulting scarcity of water, food and livelihoods could lead to increasingly desperate populations that challenge governments, enhancing the risk of intra- and interstate conflict. Defence establishments and some political scientists view <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as a potential threat to peace. While the medical literature increasingly recognises <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as a fundamental health risk, the dimension of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>-associated conflict has so far received little attention, despite its profound health implications. Many analysts link <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> with a heightened risk of conflict via causal pathways which involve diminishing or <span class="hlt">changing</span> resource availability. Plausible consequences include: increased frequency of civil conflict in developing countries; terrorism, asymmetric warfare, state failure; and major regional conflicts. The medical understanding of these threats is inadequate, given the scale of health implications. The medical and public health communities have often been reluctant to interpret conflict as a health issue. However, at times, medical workers have proven powerful and effective peace advocates, most notably with regard to nuclear disarmament. The public is more motivated to mitigate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> when it is framed as a health issue. Improved medical understanding of the association between <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and conflict could strengthen mitigation efforts and increase cooperation to cope with the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> that is now inevitable. © The Royal Society of Medicine.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14558906','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14558906"><span>Abrupt <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: can society cope?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hulme, Mike</p> <p>2003-09-15</p> <p>Consideration of abrupt <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has generally been incorporated neither in analyses of <span class="hlt">climate-change</span> impacts nor in the design of <span class="hlt">climate</span> adaptation strategies. Yet the possibility of abrupt <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> triggered by human perturbation of the <span class="hlt">climate</span> system is used to support the position of both those who urge stronger and earlier mitigative action than is currently being contemplated and those who argue that the unknowns in the Earth system are too large to justify such early action. This paper explores the question of abrupt <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in terms of its potential implications for society, focusing on the UK and northwest Europe in particular. The nature of abrupt <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and the different ways in which it has been defined and perceived are examined. Using the example of the collapse of the thermohaline circulation (THC), the suggested implications for society of abrupt <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> are reviewed; previous work has been largely speculative and has generally considered the implications only from economic and ecological perspectives. Some observations about the implications from a more social and behavioural science perspective are made. If abrupt <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> simply implies <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the occurrence or intensity of extreme weather events, or an accelerated unidirectional <span class="hlt">change</span> in <span class="hlt">climate</span>, the design of adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> can proceed within the existing paradigm, with appropriate adjustments. Limits to adaptation in some sectors or regions may be reached, and the costs of appropriate adaptive behaviour may be large, but strategy can develop on the basis of a predicted long-term unidirectional <span class="hlt">change</span> in <span class="hlt">climate</span>. It would be more challenging, however, if abrupt <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> implied a directional <span class="hlt">change</span> in <span class="hlt">climate</span>, as, for example, may well occur in northwest Europe following a collapse of the THC. There are two fundamental problems for society associated with such an outcome: first, the future <span class="hlt">changes</span> in <span class="hlt">climate</span> currently being</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26160945','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26160945"><span><span class="hlt">CLIMATE</span> <span class="hlt">CHANGE</span>. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts on bumblebees converge across continents.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kerr, Jeremy T; Pindar, Alana; Galpern, Paul; Packer, Laurence; Potts, Simon G; Roberts, Stuart M; Rasmont, Pierre; Schweiger, Oliver; Colla, Sheila R; Richardson, Leif L; Wagner, David L; Gall, Lawrence F; Sikes, Derek S; Pantoja, Alberto</p> <p>2015-07-10</p> <p>For many species, geographical ranges are expanding toward the poles in response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, while remaining stable along range edges nearest the equator. Using long-term observations across Europe and North America over 110 years, we tested for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>-related range shifts in bumblebee species across the full extents of their latitudinal and thermal limits and movements along elevation gradients. We found cross-continentally consistent trends in failures to track warming through time at species' northern range limits, range losses from southern range limits, and shifts to higher elevations among southern species. These effects are independent of <span class="hlt">changing</span> land uses or pesticide applications and underscore the need to test for <span class="hlt">climate</span> impacts at both leading and trailing latitudinal and thermal limits for species. Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFM.U23E..06A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFM.U23E..06A"><span><span class="hlt">Changes</span> in the Perceived Risk of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>: Evidence from Sudden <span class="hlt">Climatic</span> Events</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Anttila-Hughes, J. K.</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>In the course of the past two decades the threat of anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has moved from a scientific concern of relative obscurity to become one of the largest environmental and public goods problems in history. During this period public understanding of the risk of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has shifted from negligible to quite large. In this paper I propose a means of quantifying this <span class="hlt">change</span> by examining how sudden events supporting the theory of anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> have affected carbon intensive companies' stock prices. Using CAPM event study methodology for companies in several carbon-intensive industries, I find strong evidence that markets have been reacting to <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the scientific evidence for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> for some time. Specifically, the <span class="hlt">change</span> in magnitude of response over time seems to indicate that investors believed <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> was a potentially serious risk to corporate profits as early as the mid 1990s. Moreover, market reaction dependence on event type indicates that investors are differentiating between different advances in the scientific knowledge. Announcements by NASA GISS that the previous year was a “record hot year” for the globe are associated with negative excess returns, while news of ice shelf collapses are associated with strong positive excess returns. These results imply that investors are aware of how different aspects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will affect carbon intensive companies, specifically in terms of the link between warming in general and polar ice cover.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070034992&hterms=climate+change&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DTitle%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dclimate%2Bchange','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070034992&hterms=climate+change&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DTitle%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dclimate%2Bchange"><span>AO/NAO Response to <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>. 1; Respective Influences of Stratospheric and Tropospheric <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Changes</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Rind, D.; Perlwitz, J.; Lonergan, P.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>We utilize the GISS Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Middle Atmosphere Model and 8 different <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> experiments, many of them focused on stratospheric <span class="hlt">climate</span> forcings, to assess the relative influence of tropospheric and stratospheric <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on the extratropical circulation indices (Arctic Oscillation, AO; North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO). The experiments are run in two different ways: with variable sea surface temperatures (SSTs) to allow for a full tropospheric <span class="hlt">climate</span> response, and with specified SSTs to minimize the tropospheric <span class="hlt">change</span>. The results show that tropospheric warming (cooling) experiments and stratospheric cooling (warming) experiments produce more positive (negative) AO/NAO indices. For the typical magnitudes of tropospheric and stratospheric <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span>, the tropospheric response dominates; results are strongest when the tropospheric and stratospheric influences are producing similar phase <span class="hlt">changes</span>. Both regions produce their effect primarily by altering wave propagation and angular momentum transports, but planetary wave energy <span class="hlt">changes</span> accompanying tropospheric <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> are also important. Stratospheric forcing has a larger impact on the NAO than on the AO, and the angular momentum transport <span class="hlt">changes</span> associated with it peak in the upper troposphere, affecting all wavenumbers. Tropospheric <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> influence both the A0 and NAO with effects that extend throughout the troposphere. For both forcings there is often vertical consistency in the sign of the momentum transport <span class="hlt">changes</span>, obscuring the difference between direct and indirect mechanisms for influencing the surface circulation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.1085K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.1085K"><span>Pacific-Australia <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Science and Adaptation Planning program: supporting <span class="hlt">climate</span> science and enhancing <span class="hlt">climate</span> services in Pacific Island Countries</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kuleshov, Yuriy; Jones, David; Hendon, Harry; Charles, Andrew; Shelton, Kay; de Wit, Roald; Cottrill, Andrew; Nakaegawa, Toshiyuki; Atalifo, Terry; Prakash, Bipendra; Seuseu, Sunny; Kaniaha, Salesa</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>Over the past few years, significant progress in developing <span class="hlt">climate</span> science for the Pacific has been achieved through a number of research projects undertaken under the Australian government <span class="hlt">International</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Adaptation Initiative (ICCAI). <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has major impact on Pacific Island Countries and advancement in understanding past, present and futures <span class="hlt">climate</span> in the region is vital for island nation to develop adaptation strategies to their rapidly <span class="hlt">changing</span> environment. This new science is now supporting new services for a wide range of stakeholders in the Pacific through the National Meteorological Agencies of the region. Seasonal <span class="hlt">climate</span> prediction is particularly important for planning in agriculture, tourism and other weather-sensitive industries, with operational services provided by all National Meteorological Services in the region. The interaction between <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, for example during droughts or very warm seasons, means that much of the early impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> are being felt through seasonal variability. A means to reduce these impacts is to improve forecasts to support decision making. Historically, seasonal <span class="hlt">climate</span> prediction has been developed based on statistical past relationship. Statistical methods relate meteorological variables (e.g. temperature and rainfall) to indices which describe large-scale environment (e.g. ENSO indices) using historical data. However, with observed <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, statistical approaches based on historical data are getting less accurate and less reliable. Recognising the value of seasonal forecasts, we have used outputs of a dynamical model POAMA (Predictive Ocean Atmosphere Model for Australia), to develop web-based information tools (http://poama.bom.gov.au/experimental/pasap/index.shtml) which are now used by <span class="hlt">climate</span> services in 15 partner countries in the Pacific for preparing seasonal <span class="hlt">climate</span> outlooks. Initial comparison conducted during 2012 has shown that the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Indicators</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Presents information, charts and graphs showing measured <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> across 40 indicators related to greenhouse gases, weather and <span class="hlt">climate</span>, oceans, snow and ice, heath and society, and ecosystems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23825236','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23825236"><span>When <span class="hlt">climate</span> science became <span class="hlt">climate</span> politics: British media representations of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in 1988.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jaspal, Rusi; Nerlich, Brigitte</p> <p>2014-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has become a pressing environmental concern for scientists, social commentators and politicians. Previous social science research has explored media representations of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in various temporal and geographical contexts. Through the lens of Social Representations Theory, this article provides a detailed qualitative thematic analysis of media representations of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in the 1988 British broadsheet press, given that this year constitutes an important juncture in this transition of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> from the domain of science to that of the socio-political sphere. The following themes are outlined: (i) "<span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: a multi-faceted threat"; (ii) "Collectivisation of threat"; (iii) "<span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and the attribution of blame"; and (iv) "Speculative solutions to a complex socio-environmental problem." The article provides detailed empirical insights into the "starting-point" for present-day disputes concerning <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and lays the theoretical foundations for tracking the continuities and discontinuities characterising social representations of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in the future.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160009164','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160009164"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Observation Accuracy: Requirements and Economic Value</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wielicki, Bruce; Cooke, Roger; Golub, Alexander; Baize, Rosemary; Mlynczak, Martin; Lukashin, Constantin; Thome, Kurt; Shea, Yolanda; Kopp, Greg; Pilewskie, Peter; <a style="text-decoration: none; " href="javascript:void(0); " onClick="displayelement('author_20160009164'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20160009164_show'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20160009164_hide'); "> <img style="display:inline; width:12px; height:12px; " src="images/arrow-up.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20160009164_show"> <img style="width:12px; height:12px; display:none; " src="images/arrow-down.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20160009164_hide"></p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>This presentation will summarize a new quantitative approach to determining the required accuracy for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> observations. Using this metric, most current global satellite observations struggle to meet this accuracy level. CLARREO (<span class="hlt">Climate</span> Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory) is a new satellite mission designed to resolve this challenge is by achieving advances of a factor of 10 for reflected solar spectra and a factor of 3 to 5 for thermal infrared spectra. The CLARREO spectrometers can serve as SI traceable benchmarks for the Global Satellite Intercalibration System (GSICS) and greatly improve the utility of a wide range of LEO and GEO infrared and reflected solar satellite sensors for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> observations (e.g. CERES, MODIS, VIIIRS, CrIS, IASI, Landsat, etc). A CLARREO Pathfinder mission for flight on the <span class="hlt">International</span> Space Station is included in the U.S. Presidentâ€"TM"s fiscal year 2016 budget, with launch in 2019 or 2020. Providing more accurate decadal <span class="hlt">change</span> trends can in turn lead to more rapid narrowing of key <span class="hlt">climate</span> science uncertainties such as cloud feedback and <span class="hlt">climate</span> sensitivity. A new study has been carried out to quantify the economic benefits of such an advance and concludes that the economic value is $9 Trillion U.S. dollars. The new value includes the cost of carbon emissions reductions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA354731','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA354731"><span><span class="hlt">CLIMATE</span> <span class="hlt">CHANGE</span>: Information on Limitations and Assumptions of DOE’s Five-Lab Study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1998-09-01</p> <p>the potential consequences of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> , the United States and other countries have entered into <span class="hlt">international</span> negotiations and agreements. In...energy savings estimated to roughly equal or exceed costs. In view of the study’s potential influence on U.S. <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> policy, as requested, we...the study’s results, (3) the study’s role in the formulation of the Oct. <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> proposal and the Kyoto Conference’s emission-reduction goals for the U.S.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=289633','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=289633"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: Cropping system <span class="hlt">changes</span> and adaptations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts the life of every person; however, there is little comprehensive understanding of the direct and indirect effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on agriculture. Since our food, feed, fiber, and fruit is derived from agricultural systems, understanding the effects of <span class="hlt">changing</span> temperature, p...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/17296','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/17296"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> trade measures : considerations for U.S. policy makers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2009-07-01</p> <p>GAO was asked to examine the potential effects of greenhouse gas emissions pricing on U.S. industries <span class="hlt">international</span> competitiveness and trade measures being considered as part of U.S. legislative proposals to address <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Specifically, ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=pollution+AND+climate+AND+change&pg=7&id=EJ438366','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=pollution+AND+climate+AND+change&pg=7&id=EJ438366"><span>Intergovernmental Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>. First Assessment Report Overview.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>International Environmental Affairs, 1991</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>Presented are policymakers' summaries of the three working groups of the Intergovernmental Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (IPCC)--science, impacts, and response strategies, the report of the IPCC Special Committee on the Participation of Developing Countries, and a discussion of <span class="hlt">international</span> cooperation and future work. (CW)</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMED11D..08B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMED11D..08B"><span>Our <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span>: A Brand New Way to Study <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Science</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Brey, J. A.; Kauffman, C.; Geer, I.; Nugnes, K. A.; Mills, E. W.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Earth's <span class="hlt">climate</span> is inherently variable, but is currently <span class="hlt">changing</span> at rates unprecedented in recent Earth history. Human activity plays a major role in this <span class="hlt">change</span> and is projected to do so well into the future. This is the stance taken in Our <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span>, the brand new <span class="hlt">climate</span> science ebook from the American Meteorological Society (AMS). Our <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> investigates Earth's <span class="hlt">climate</span> system, explores humans' impact on it, and identifies actions needed in response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Released in August 2014, Our <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> is the result of a year's worth of intensive research and writing, incorporating the latest scientific understandings of Earth's <span class="hlt">climate</span> system from reports such as IPCC AR5 and the Third National <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Assessment. To encourage additional exploration of <span class="hlt">climate</span> science information, scientific literature, from which chapter content was derived, is cited at the conclusion of each chapter. In addition, Topic In Depth sections appear throughout each chapter and lead to more extensive information related to various topics. For example, a Topic In Depth in Chapter 11 describes the effect of <span class="hlt">climate</span> extremes on ranching enterprises in Nebraska. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> science is multi-disciplinary and therefore Our <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> covers a breadth of topics. From understanding basic statistics and geospatial tools used to investigate Earth's <span class="hlt">climate</span> system to examining the psychological and financial reasons behind <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> denial, the AMS believes that a multi-disciplinary approach is the most effective way to increase <span class="hlt">climate</span> literacy. Our <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> is part of the AMS <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Studies course which is intended for undergraduate-level students. Other course materials include an eInvestigations Manual and access to the RealTime <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Portal, both of which provide weekly activities corresponding to that week's chapter content. The RealTime <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Portal also has links to <span class="hlt">climate</span> data as well as societal interactions and <span class="hlt">climate</span> policy</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29790983','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29790983"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and One Health.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zinsstag, Jakob; Crump, Lisa; Schelling, Esther; Hattendorf, Jan; Maidane, Yahya Osman; Ali, Kadra Osman; Muhummed, Abdifatah; Umer, Abdurezak Adem; Aliyi, Ferzua; Nooh, Faisal; Abdikadir, Mohammed Ibrahim; Ali, Seid Mohammed; Hartinger, Stella; Mäusezahl, Daniel; de White, Monica Berger Gonzalez; Cordon-Rosales, Celia; Castillo, Danilo Alvarez; McCracken, John; Abakar, Fayiz; Cercamondi, Colin; Emmenegger, Sandro; Maier, Edith; Karanja, Simon; Bolon, Isabelle; de Castañeda, Rafael Ruiz; Bonfoh, Bassirou; Tschopp, Rea; Probst-Hensch, Nicole; Cissé, Guéladio</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>The journal The Lancet recently published a countdown on health and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Attention was focused solely on humans. However, animals, including wildlife, livestock and pets, may also be impacted by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Complementary to the high relevance of awareness rising for protecting humans against <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, here we present a One Health approach, which aims at the simultaneous protection of humans, animals and the environment from <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts (<span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation). We postulate that integrated approaches save human and animal lives and reduce costs when compared to public and animal health sectors working separately. A One Health approach to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation may significantly contribute to food security with emphasis on animal source foods, extensive livestock systems, particularly ruminant livestock, environmental sanitation, and steps towards regional and global integrated syndromic surveillance and response systems. The cost of outbreaks of emerging vector-borne zoonotic pathogens may be much lower if they are detected early in the vector or in livestock rather than later in humans. Therefore, integrated community-based surveillance of zoonoses is a promising avenue to reduce health effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5963300','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5963300"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and One Health</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Crump, Lisa; Schelling, Esther; Hattendorf, Jan; Maidane, Yahya Osman; Ali, Kadra Osman; Muhummed, Abdifatah; Umer, Abdurezak Adem; Aliyi, Ferzua; Nooh, Faisal; Abdikadir, Mohammed Ibrahim; Ali, Seid Mohammed; Hartinger, Stella; Mäusezahl, Daniel; de White, Monica Berger Gonzalez; Cordon-Rosales, Celia; Castillo, Danilo Alvarez; McCracken, John; Abakar, Fayiz; Cercamondi, Colin; Emmenegger, Sandro; Maier, Edith; Karanja, Simon; Bolon, Isabelle; de Castañeda, Rafael Ruiz; Bonfoh, Bassirou; Tschopp, Rea; Probst-Hensch, Nicole; Cissé, Guéladio</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Abstract The journal The Lancet recently published a countdown on health and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Attention was focused solely on humans. However, animals, including wildlife, livestock and pets, may also be impacted by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Complementary to the high relevance of awareness rising for protecting humans against <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, here we present a One Health approach, which aims at the simultaneous protection of humans, animals and the environment from <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts (<span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation). We postulate that integrated approaches save human and animal lives and reduce costs when compared to public and animal health sectors working separately. A One Health approach to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation may significantly contribute to food security with emphasis on animal source foods, extensive livestock systems, particularly ruminant livestock, environmental sanitation, and steps towards regional and global integrated syndromic surveillance and response systems. The cost of outbreaks of emerging vector-borne zoonotic pathogens may be much lower if they are detected early in the vector or in livestock rather than later in humans. Therefore, integrated community-based surveillance of zoonoses is a promising avenue to reduce health effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. PMID:29790983</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMED11D..06N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMED11D..06N"><span>Engaging Students in <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Science and Communication through a Multi-disciplinary Study Abroad Program</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>North, L. A.; Polk, J.; Strenecky, B.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>The implications of the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> phenomenon are far-reaching, and will impact every person on Earth. These problems will be complex, and will require leaders well-versed in interdisciplinary learning and <span class="hlt">international</span> understanding. To employ a multi-disciplinary approach to studying the impact <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is having in the world in which we live, a team of 57 Western Kentucky University (WKU) faculty, staff, and students participated in a study abroad program to seven ports in the North Sea and North Atlantic, including three ports in Iceland, onboard the Semester at Sea ship, MV Explorer. This program combined interdisciplinary learning, service learning, and <span class="hlt">international</span> understanding toward the goal of preparing the leaders of tomorrow with the skills to address <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> challenges. Together, the group learned how <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> affects the world from varied academic perspectives, and how more often than not these perspectives are closely interrelated. Courses taught during the experience related to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science and communication, economics, future trends, and K-12 education. Each student also participated in a The $100 Solution™ service-learning course. While in port, each class engaged in a discipline-specific activities related to the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> topic, while at sea students participated in class lectures, engaged in shipboard lectures by <span class="hlt">international</span> experts in their respective fields, and participated in conversations with lifelong learners onboard the ship. A culminating point of the study abroad experience was a presentation by the WKU students to over 100 persons from the University of Akureyri in Akureyri, Iceland, representatives of neighboring Icelandic communities, environmental agencies, and tourism bureaus about what they had learned about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> during their travels. By forging this relationship, students were able to share their knowledge, which in turn gave them a deeper understanding of the issues they</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28901603','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28901603"><span>Fertility, immigration, and the fight against <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Earl, Jake; Hickey, Colin; Rieder, Travis N</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>Several philosophers have recently argued that policies aimed at reducing human fertility are a practical and morally justifiable way to mitigate the risk of dangerous <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. There is a powerful objection to such "population engineering" proposals: even if drastic fertility reductions are needed to prevent dangerous <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, implementing those reductions would wreak havoc on the global economy, which would seriously undermine <span class="hlt">international</span> antipoverty efforts. In this article, we articulate this economic objection to population engineering and show how it fails. We argue, first, that the economic objection paints an inaccurate picture of the complicated relationship between demographic <span class="hlt">change</span> and economic growth, and second, that any untoward economic effects of fertility reduction can be mitigated with additional policies. Specifically, we argue that supplementing fertility reduction with policies that facilitate the emigration of younger people from developing nations to developed nations could allow for both global reductions in GHG emissions and continued economic stability. Further, we show that moral arguments against such unprecedented increases in immigration are unsuccessful. We conclude that population engineering is a practical and morally justifiable tool for addressing the twin evils of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and global poverty. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRD..12210228L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRD..12210228L"><span>Deducing <span class="hlt">Climatic</span> Elasticity to Assess Projected <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Impacts on Streamflow <span class="hlt">Change</span> across China</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Liu, Jianyu; Zhang, Qiang; Zhang, Yongqiang; Chen, Xi; Li, Jianfeng; Aryal, Santosh K.</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climatic</span> elasticity has been widely applied to assess streamflow responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span>. To fully assess impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> under global warming on streamflow and reduce the error and uncertainty from various control variables, we develop a four-parameter (precipitation, catchment characteristics n, and maximum and minimum temperatures) <span class="hlt">climatic</span> elasticity method named PnT, based on the widely used Budyko framework and simplified Makkink equation. We use this method to carry out the first comprehensive evaluation of the streamflow response to potential <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> for 372 widely spread catchments in China. The PnT <span class="hlt">climatic</span> elasticity was first evaluated for a period 1980-2000, and then used to evaluate streamflow <span class="hlt">change</span> response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> based on 12 global <span class="hlt">climate</span> models under Representative Concentration Pathway 2.6 (RCP2.6) and RCP 8.5 emission scenarios. The results show that (1) the PnT <span class="hlt">climatic</span> elasticity method is reliable; (2) projected increasing streamflow takes place in more than 60% of the selected catchments, with mean increments of 9% and 15.4% under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 respectively; and (3) uncertainties in the projected streamflow are considerable in several regions, such as the Pearl River and Yellow River, with more than 40% of the selected catchments showing inconsistent <span class="hlt">change</span> directions. Our results can help Chinese policy makers to manage and plan water resources more effectively, and the PnT <span class="hlt">climatic</span> elasticity should be applied to other parts of the world.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3601432','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3601432"><span>THE INFLUENCE OF GLOBAL <span class="hlt">CLIMATE</span> <span class="hlt">CHANGE</span> ON THE SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY: INTRODUCTION TO A SETAC <span class="hlt">INTERNATIONAL</span> WORKSHOP</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Stahl, Ralph G; Hooper, Michael J; Balbus, John M; Clements, William; Fritz, Alyce; Gouin, Todd; Helm, Roger; Hickey, Christopher; Landis, Wayne; Moe, S Jannicke</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>This is the first of seven papers resulting from a Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) <span class="hlt">international</span> workshop titled “The Influence of Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> on the Scientific Foundations and Applications of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.” The workshop involved 36 scientists from 11 countries and was designed to answer the following question: How will global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> influence the environmental impacts of chemicals and other stressors and the way we assess and manage them in the environment? While more detail is found in the complete series of articles, some key consensus points are as follows: (1) human actions (including mitigation of and adaptation to impacts of global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> [GCC]) may have as much influence on the fate and distribution of chemical contaminants as does GCC, and modeled predictions should be interpreted cautiously; (2) <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> can affect the toxicity of chemicals, but chemicals can also affect how organisms acclimate to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>; (3) effects of GCC may be slow, variable, and difficult to detect, though some populations and communities of high vulnerability may exhibit responses sooner and more dramatically than others; (4) future approaches to human and ecological risk assessments will need to incorporate multiple stressors and cumulative risks considering the wide spectrum of potential impacts stemming from GCC; and (5) baseline/reference conditions for estimating resource injury and restoration/rehabilitation will continually shift due to GCC and represent significant challenges to practitioners. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:13–19. © 2012 SETAC PMID:23097130</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28861903','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28861903"><span>Patterns and biases of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> threats in the IUCN Red List.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Trull, Nicholas; Böhm, Monika; Carr, Jamie</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">International</span> Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments rely on published data and expert inputs, and biases can be introduced where underlying definitions and concepts are ambiguous. Consideration of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> threat is no exception, and recently numerous approaches to assessing the threat of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> to species have been developed. We explored IUCN Red List assessments of amphibians and birds to determine whether species listed as threatened by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> display distinct patterns in terms of habitat occupied and additional nonclimatic threats faced. We compared IUCN Red List data with a published data set of species' biological and ecological traits believed to infer high vulnerability to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and determined whether distributions of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>-threatened species on the IUCN Red List concur with those of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>-threatened species identified with the trait-based approach and whether species possessing these traits are more likely to have <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> listed as a threat on the IUCN Red List. Species in some ecosystems (e.g., grassland, shrubland) and subject to particular threats (e.g., invasive species) were more likely to have <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as a listed threat. Geographical patterns of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>-threatened amphibians and birds on the IUCN Red List were incongruent with patterns of global species richness and patterns identified using trait-based approaches. Certain traits were linked to increases or decreases in the likelihood of a species being threatened by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Broad temperature tolerance of a species was consistently related to an increased likelihood of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> threat, indicating counterintuitive relationships in IUCN assessments. To improve the robustness of species assessments of the vulnerability or extinction risk associated with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, we suggest IUCN adopt a more cohesive approach whereby specific traits highlighted by our results are considered in Red List</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001EOSTr..82..254S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001EOSTr..82..254S"><span>U.S. National Academy panel reviews <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Showstack, Randy</p> <p></p> <p>Could the administration of George W. Bush, which has rejected the Kyoto Protocol to reduce worldwide emissions of greenhouse gases—and which has reneged on a campaign pledge to regulate U.S. carbon dioxide emissions—sincerely be seeking the facts about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in time for the resumption of <span class="hlt">international</span> negotiations on the issue in July?That is the hope of an 11-member committee of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) that is working on an incredibly fast-tracked report “The Science of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>,” at the request of the administration. The project largely will review and synthesize findings from a number of earlier studies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1328543-spatial-patterns-sea-level-variability-associated-natural-internal-climate-modes','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1328543-spatial-patterns-sea-level-variability-associated-natural-internal-climate-modes"><span>Spatial Patterns of Sea Level Variability Associated with Natural <span class="hlt">Internal</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Modes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Han, Weiqing; Meehl, Gerald A.; Stammer, Detlef</p> <p></p> <p>Sea level rise (SLR) can exert significant stress on highly populated coastal societies and low-lying island countries around the world. Because of this, there is huge societal demand for improved decadal predictions and future projections of SLR, particularly on a local scale along coastlines. Regionally, sea level variations can deviate considerably from the global mean due to various geophysical processes. These include <span class="hlt">changes</span> of ocean circulations, which partially can be attributed to natural, <span class="hlt">internal</span> modes of variability in the complex Earth’s <span class="hlt">climate</span> system. Anthropogenic influence may also contribute to regional sea level variations. Separating the effects of natural <span class="hlt">climate</span> modesmore » and anthropogenic forcing, however, remains a challenge and requires identification of the imprint of specific <span class="hlt">climate</span> modes in observed sea level <span class="hlt">change</span> patterns. In this article, we review our current state of knowledge about spatial patterns of sea level variability associated with natural <span class="hlt">climate</span> modes on interannual-to-multidecadal timescales, with particular focus on decadal-to-multidecadal variability. Relevant <span class="hlt">climate</span> modes and our current state of understanding their associated sea level patterns and driving mechanisms are elaborated separately for the Pacific, the Indian, the Atlantic, and the Arctic and Southern Oceans. We also discuss the issues, challenges and future outlooks for understanding the regional sea level patterns associated with <span class="hlt">climate</span> modes. Effects of these <span class="hlt">internal</span> modes have to be taken into account in order to achieve more reliable near-term predictions and future projections of regional SLR.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1328543-spatial-patterns-sea-level-variability-associated-natural-internal-climate-modes','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1328543-spatial-patterns-sea-level-variability-associated-natural-internal-climate-modes"><span>Spatial Patterns of Sea Level Variability Associated with Natural <span class="hlt">Internal</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Modes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Han, Weiqing; Meehl, Gerald A.; Stammer, Detlef; ...</p> <p>2016-10-04</p> <p>Sea level rise (SLR) can exert significant stress on highly populated coastal societies and low-lying island countries around the world. Because of this, there is huge societal demand for improved decadal predictions and future projections of SLR, particularly on a local scale along coastlines. Regionally, sea level variations can deviate considerably from the global mean due to various geophysical processes. These include <span class="hlt">changes</span> of ocean circulations, which partially can be attributed to natural, <span class="hlt">internal</span> modes of variability in the complex Earth’s <span class="hlt">climate</span> system. Anthropogenic influence may also contribute to regional sea level variations. Separating the effects of natural <span class="hlt">climate</span> modesmore » and anthropogenic forcing, however, remains a challenge and requires identification of the imprint of specific <span class="hlt">climate</span> modes in observed sea level <span class="hlt">change</span> patterns. In this article, we review our current state of knowledge about spatial patterns of sea level variability associated with natural <span class="hlt">climate</span> modes on interannual-to-multidecadal timescales, with particular focus on decadal-to-multidecadal variability. Relevant <span class="hlt">climate</span> modes and our current state of understanding their associated sea level patterns and driving mechanisms are elaborated separately for the Pacific, the Indian, the Atlantic, and the Arctic and Southern Oceans. We also discuss the issues, challenges and future outlooks for understanding the regional sea level patterns associated with <span class="hlt">climate</span> modes. Effects of these <span class="hlt">internal</span> modes have to be taken into account in order to achieve more reliable near-term predictions and future projections of regional SLR.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SGeo...38..217H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SGeo...38..217H"><span>Spatial Patterns of Sea Level Variability Associated with Natural <span class="hlt">Internal</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Modes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Han, Weiqing; Meehl, Gerald A.; Stammer, Detlef; Hu, Aixue; Hamlington, Benjamin; Kenigson, Jessica; Palanisamy, Hindumathi; Thompson, Philip</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Sea level rise (SLR) can exert significant stress on highly populated coastal societies and low-lying island countries around the world. Because of this, there is huge societal demand for improved decadal predictions and future projections of SLR, particularly on a local scale along coastlines. Regionally, sea level variations can deviate considerably from the global mean due to various geophysical processes. These include <span class="hlt">changes</span> of ocean circulations, which partially can be attributed to natural, <span class="hlt">internal</span> modes of variability in the complex Earth's <span class="hlt">climate</span> system. Anthropogenic influence may also contribute to regional sea level variations. Separating the effects of natural <span class="hlt">climate</span> modes and anthropogenic forcing, however, remains a challenge and requires identification of the imprint of specific <span class="hlt">climate</span> modes in observed sea level <span class="hlt">change</span> patterns. In this paper, we review our current state of knowledge about spatial patterns of sea level variability associated with natural <span class="hlt">climate</span> modes on interannual-to-multidecadal timescales, with particular focus on decadal-to-multidecadal variability. Relevant <span class="hlt">climate</span> modes and our current state of understanding their associated sea level patterns and driving mechanisms are elaborated separately for the Pacific, the Indian, the Atlantic, and the Arctic and Southern Oceans. We also discuss the issues, challenges and future outlooks for understanding the regional sea level patterns associated with <span class="hlt">climate</span> modes. Effects of these <span class="hlt">internal</span> modes have to be taken into account in order to achieve more reliable near-term predictions and future projections of regional SLR.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016FrES...10..253W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016FrES...10..253W"><span>Modeling and assessing <span class="hlt">international</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> financing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wu, Jing; Tang, Lichun; Mohamed, Rayman; Zhu, Qianting; Wang, Zheng</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> financing is a key issue in current negotiations on <span class="hlt">climate</span> protection. This study establishes a <span class="hlt">climate</span> financing model based on a mechanism in which donor countries set up funds for <span class="hlt">climate</span> financing and recipient countries use the funds exclusively for carbon emission reduction. The burden-sharing principles are based on GDP, historical emissions, and consumptionbased emissions. Using this model, we develop and analyze a series of scenario simulations, including a financing program negotiated at the Cancun <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Conference (2010) and several subsequent programs. Results show that sustained <span class="hlt">climate</span> financing can help to combat global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. However, the Cancun Agreements are projected to result in a reduction of only 0.01°C in global warming by 2100 compared to the scenario without <span class="hlt">climate</span> financing. Longer-term <span class="hlt">climate</span> financing programs should be established to achieve more significant benefits. Our model and simulations also show that <span class="hlt">climate</span> financing has economic benefits for developing countries. Developed countries will suffer a slight GDP loss in the early stages of <span class="hlt">climate</span> financing, but the longterm economic growth and the eventual benefits of <span class="hlt">climate</span> mitigation will compensate for this slight loss. Different burden-sharing principles have very similar effects on global temperature <span class="hlt">change</span> and economic growth of recipient countries, but they do result in differences in GDP <span class="hlt">changes</span> for Japan and the FSU. The GDP-based principle results in a larger share of financial burden for Japan, while the historical emissions-based principle results in a larger share of financial burden for the FSU. A larger burden share leads to a greater GDP loss.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23665996','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23665996"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> matters.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Macpherson, Cheryl Cox</p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>One manifestation of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is the increasingly severe extreme weather that causes injury, illness and death through heat stress, air pollution, infectious disease and other means. Leading health organisations around the world are responding to the related water and food shortages and volatility of energy and agriculture prices that threaten health and health economics. Environmental and <span class="hlt">climate</span> ethics highlight the associated challenges to human rights and distributive justice but rarely address health or encompass bioethical methods or analyses. Public health ethics and its broader umbrella, bioethics, remain relatively silent on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Meanwhile global population growth creates more people who aspire to Western lifestyles and unrestrained socioeconomic growth. Fulfilling these aspirations generates more emissions; worsens <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>; and undermines virtues and values that engender appreciation of, and protections for, natural resources. Greater understanding of how virtues and values are evolving in different contexts, and the associated consequences, might nudge the individual and collective priorities that inform public policy toward embracing stewardship and responsibility for environmental resources necessary to health. Instead of neglecting <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and related policy, public health ethics and bioethics should explore these issues; bring transparency to the tradeoffs that permit emissions to continue at current rates; and offer deeper understanding about what is at stake and what it means to live a good life in today's world.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPA43B2188S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMPA43B2188S"><span>Comparing the <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Agendas of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Stephenson, S. R.; Oculi, N.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Effective mitigation of and adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> requires multilateral coordination of numerous political and scientific activities and priorities. Since its inception in 1992, the UN Framework Convention on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (UNFCCC) has sought a comprehensive <span class="hlt">international</span> response to the <span class="hlt">climate</span> threat, culminating most recently in December 2015 at COP 21. The Paris Agreement was lauded as a landmark step toward global <span class="hlt">climate</span> action as it represented a consensus of 196 countries to limit global warming to 2° C above pre-industrial levels with an additional stated goal to "pursue efforts" to limit the increase to 1.5° C. However, taken in a vacuum, the global Agreement masks important differences among its signatory countries in capabilities and priorities for tackling <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and obscures pathways for place-specific scientific research and intervention. Here we present a quantitative content analysis of official UNFCCC documents including COP transcripts, meeting agendas, and mitigation commitments outlined in pledged Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) to reveal areas of alignment and divergence among UNFCCC stakeholders. Textual cluster analysis illustrates the relative salience of key <span class="hlt">climate</span>-related discourses (e.g. vulnerability; loss and damage; decarbonization; technology transfer) in the agendas of negotiating parties, and the degree to which the interests of some parties are over- or under-represented in the final "consensus" agreement. Understanding these disparities, and their potential to promote cooperation and/or disagreement among stakeholders, will be critical to scientists' efforts to develop equitable and sustainable long-term <span class="hlt">climate</span> solutions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70196451','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70196451"><span>Wetlands in a <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>: Science, policy and management</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Moomaw, William R.; Chmura, G.L.; Davies, Gillian T.; Finlayson, Max; Middleton, Beth A.; Natali, Sue M.; Perry, James; Roulet, Nigel; Sutton-Grier, Ariana</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Part 1 of this review synthesizes recent research on status and <span class="hlt">climate</span> vulnerability of freshwater and saltwater wetlands, and their contribution to addressing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> (carbon cycle, adaptation, resilience). Peatlands and vegetated coastal wetlands are among the most carbon rich sinks on the planet sequestering approximately as much carbon as do global forest ecosystems. Estimates of the consequences of rising temperature on current wetland carbon storage and future carbon sequestration potential are summarized. We also demonstrate the need to prevent drying of wetlands and thawing of permafrost by disturbances and rising temperatures to protect wetland carbon stores and <span class="hlt">climate</span> adaptation/resiliency ecosystem services. Preventing further wetland loss is found to be important in limiting future emissions to meet <span class="hlt">climate</span> goals, but is seldom considered. In Part 2, the paper explores the policy and management realm from <span class="hlt">international</span> to national, subnational and local levels to identify strategies and policies reflecting an integrated understanding of both wetland and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science. Specific recommendations are made to capture synergies between wetlands and carbon cycle management, adaptation and resiliency to further enable researchers, policy makers and practitioners to protect wetland carbon and <span class="hlt">climate</span> adaptation/resiliency ecosystem services.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/573220','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/573220"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: Evolving technologies, U.S. business, and the world economy in the 21. century</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Harter, J.J.</p> <p>1996-12-31</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">International</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Partnership presents this report as one of its efforts to present current information on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> to the public. One often hears about the expenses entailed in protecting the environment. Unfortunately, one hears less about the economic benefits that may be associated with prudent actions to counter environmental threats. This conference is particularly useful because it focuses attention on profitable business opportunities in the United States and elsewhere that arise from practical efforts to mitigate the risks of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The report contains a brief synopsis of each speaker`s address on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25385668','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25385668"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and dead zones.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Altieri, Andrew H; Gedan, Keryn B</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>Estuaries and coastal seas provide valuable ecosystem services but are particularly vulnerable to the co-occurring threats of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and oxygen-depleted dead zones. We analyzed the severity of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> predicted for existing dead zones, and found that 94% of dead zones are in regions that will experience at least a 2 °C temperature increase by the end of the century. We then reviewed how <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will exacerbate hypoxic conditions through oceanographic, ecological, and physiological processes. We found evidence that suggests numerous <span class="hlt">climate</span> variables including temperature, ocean acidification, sea-level rise, precipitation, wind, and storm patterns will affect dead zones, and that each of those factors has the potential to act through multiple pathways on both oxygen availability and ecological responses to hypoxia. Given the variety and strength of the mechanisms by which <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> exacerbates hypoxia, and the rates at which <span class="hlt">climate</span> is <span class="hlt">changing</span>, we posit that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> variables are contributing to the dead zone epidemic by acting synergistically with one another and with recognized anthropogenic triggers of hypoxia including eutrophication. This suggests that a multidisciplinary, integrated approach that considers the full range of <span class="hlt">climate</span> variables is needed to track and potentially reverse the spread of dead zones. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/31820','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/31820"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>; Confronting the global experiment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Constance I. Millar</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>Earth’s natural <span class="hlt">climate</span> system is characterized by continually <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climates</span>, with <span class="hlt">climate</span> regimes that oscillate quasi-cyclically at multiple and nested scales from annual to multi-millennial, and commonly <span class="hlt">change</span> abruptly. Under naturally <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climates</span>, plant species track <span class="hlt">changes</span> at all scales in individualistic manner, with plant communities...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/68613-climate-change-action-plan-challenges-prospects','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/68613-climate-change-action-plan-challenges-prospects"><span>The U.S. <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> action plan: Challenges and prospects</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Darmstadter, J.</p> <p>1995-07-01</p> <p>In 1992, the United States and 154 other countries signed the United Nations Framework Convention on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>, an <span class="hlt">international</span> accord outlining measures for dealing with the threat of global warming. The following year, the Clinton administration released its <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Action Plan for meeting the convention`s goal of stabilizing emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases at 1990 levels by the year 2000. Evaluation of the plan`s prospects for success must necessarily be speculative at this point, but already several of the assumptions on which the plan is predicated appear questionable. Moreover, even if the emissions stabilization goalmore » is met, the problem of global warming will persist. Therefore, the greatest contribution of the plan might be to raise consciousness about the need for sustained measures to address <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and its attendant socioeconomic consequences.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..11..311L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..11..311L"><span>European Master-Doctorate Course on "Vulnerability of Cultural Heritage to <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>"</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lefèvre, R.-A.</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>« Vulnerability of Cultural Heritage to <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> », European Master-Doctorate Course, Council of Europe, Strasbourg 7-11 September 2009 The character of Cultural Heritage is closely related to the <span class="hlt">climate</span>, and the urban landscape and the built heritage have been designed with the local <span class="hlt">climate</span> in mind. The stability of Cultural Heritage is, therefore, closely tied to its interactions with the ground and the atmosphere. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> is thus expected to have either catastrophic or subtle effects on Cultural Heritage materials and Cultural Landscapes. The major aim of the 2009 Strasbourg Course is to ensure that young European students are informed on these important problems and will be able in the future to undertake rigorous ongoing scientific monitoring of <span class="hlt">changes</span> in conditions of Cultural Heritage. The Programme of the Course will cover the following topics: • Heritage Climatology • Principles of Mitigation and Adaptation of Cultural Heritage to <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> • Impact of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> on building structures • Dose-Response and Damage Functions for materials in a <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> • Modelling sea salts transport and deposition • Modelling wetting and drying of historic buildings • Impact of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> on building materials: stone, mortar, modern glass, stained glass windows • Impact of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> on organic materials • Biological impact of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> on Cultural Heritage • Sea level rise models and possible application to Cultural Heritage • Past, present and future for Venice • The policies and action plans of <span class="hlt">International</span> Organisations (Council of Europe, UNESCO, ICCROM) The Course is addressed to young people with scientific background: physicists, chemists, geologists, biologists, engineers, because of the high scientific level of the background required to follow the lectures. Teaching will be delivered in English without any simultaneous translation. The teachers belong to European Universities, National</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMPA23C1757L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMPA23C1757L"><span>The <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Crisis as an <span class="hlt">International</span> Civil Rights Issue: Forging an Alliance Between Science, Activism, and Progressive Social Movements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lynch, B. J.; Driver, S.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>If our scientific community wants to make real progress on the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and environmental crisis we must be willing to side with and fight for the oppressed. The national and <span class="hlt">international</span> communities most ready to act - those hit hardest by the real impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in their day-to-day lives - need the political leadership of and a living, organic connection with scientists who are prepared to tell the truth and act on the truth of our science. A new generation of scientist-activist leaders and this strategic and mutually beneficial alliance with the oppressed will be necessary to wage an <span class="hlt">international</span>, intransigent fight to enact and implement the social, political, and economic policies needed to mitigate the damage already done and prevent future environmental and human catastrophe. In the statement BAMN distributed to last year's Fall AGU conference we said, "there will be no shortage of mass struggle in the next period of history." This spring we saw the absolutely awe-inspiring social upheavals in North Africa and the Middle East in the form of waves of mass demonstrations in country after country. Many of those struggles, with demands for real democracy, for jobs and economic opportunities, for improved living conditions, continue to this day. In virtually every instance, these popular and progressive social movements have been led by youth: middle school, high school and college students. In the US and Europe we have seen the spread of student-led struggle around the defense of K-12 public education and on college campuses in defense of various programs, opportunities, and the character of the educational experience. The most dynamic force in these struggles has been the Latina/o, black, other underrepresented minority and immigrant youth who refuse to accept permanent second-class citizenship and a future devoid of hope and opportunity. We will discuss our experience as a youth-led civil rights organization presenting the issues of <span class="hlt">climate</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.C32C..01W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.C32C..01W"><span>Mountains as early warning indicators of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Williams, M. W.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The panoramic splendor and complexity of mountain environments have inspired and challenged humans for centuries. These areas have been variously perceived as physical structures to be conquered, as sites of spiritual inspiration, and as some of the last untamed natural places on Earth. In our time, the perception that "mountains are forever" may provide solace to those seeking stability in a rapidly <span class="hlt">changing</span> world. However, <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the hydrology and in the abundance and species composition of the native flora and fauna of mountain ecosystems are potential bellwethers of global <span class="hlt">change</span>, because these systems have a propensity to amplify environmental <span class="hlt">changes</span> within specific portions of this landscape. Mountain areas are thus sentinels of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. We are seeing effects today in case histories I present from the Himalaya's, Andes, Alps, and Rocky Mountains. Furthermore, these ecosystem <span class="hlt">changes</span> are occurring in mountain areas before they occur in downstream ecosystems. Thus, mountains are early warning indicators of perturbations such as <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The sensitivity of mountain ecosystems begs for enhanced protection and worldwide protection. Our understanding of the processes that control mountain ecosystems—<span class="hlt">climate</span> interactions, snowmelt runoff, biotic diversity, nutrient cycling—is much less developed compared to downstream ecosystems where human habitation and development has resulted in large investments in scientific knowledge to sustain health and agriculture. To address these deficiencies, I propose the formation of an <span class="hlt">international</span> mountain research consortium.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Global+AND+Warming+OR+Climate+AND+Change+OR+Warning&pg=6&id=EJ762717','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Global+AND+Warming+OR+Climate+AND+Change+OR+Warning&pg=6&id=EJ762717"><span>Our <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Newhouse, Kay Berglund</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>In this article, the author discusses how global warming makes the leap from the headlines to the classroom with thought-provoking science experiments. To teach her fifth-grade students about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, the author starts with a discussion of the United States' local <span class="hlt">climate</span>. They extend this idea to contrast the local <span class="hlt">climate</span> with others,…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health','NIH-MEDLINEPLUS'); return false;" href="http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> and Health</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://medlineplus.gov/">MedlinePlus</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>... Home / News / Fact sheets / Detail WHO /A. Craggs <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and health 1 February 2018 ","datePublished":"2018-02- ... in improved health, particularly through reduced air pollution. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> Over the last 50 years, human activities – particularly ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=321709','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=321709"><span>USDA Southwest <span class="hlt">climate</span> hub for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The USDA Southwest (SW) <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Hub was created in February 2014 to develop risk adaptation and mitigation strategies for coping with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> effects on agricultural productivity. There are seven regional hubs across the country with three subsidiary hubs. The SW <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Hub Region is made up...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25244362','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25244362"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: challenges and opportunities for global health.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Patz, Jonathan A; Frumkin, Howard; Holloway, Tracey; Vimont, Daniel J; Haines, Andrew</p> <p>2014-10-15</p> <p> associated with reductions in fossil fuel combustion. For example, greenhouse gas emission policies may yield net economic benefit, with health benefits from air quality improvements potentially offsetting the cost of US and <span class="hlt">international</span> carbon policies. Evidence over the past 20 years indicates that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> can be associated with adverse health outcomes. Health care professionals have an important role in understanding and communicating the related potential health concerns and the cobenefits from policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/35223','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/35223"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and the biosphere</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>F. Stuart Chapin</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Scientific assessments now clearly demonstrate the ecologic and societal consequences of human induced <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, as detailed by the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (IPCC) report. Global warming spells danger for Earth's biomes, which in turn play an important role in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. On the following pages, you will read about some of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EPJST.225..489C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EPJST.225..489C"><span>Conflict in a <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Carleton, T.; Hsiang, S. M.; Burke, M.</p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p>A growing body of research illuminates the role that <span class="hlt">changes</span> in <span class="hlt">climate</span> have had on violent conflict and social instability in the recent past. Across a diversity of contexts, high temperatures and irregular rainfall have been causally linked to a range of conflict outcomes. These findings can be paired with <span class="hlt">climate</span> model output to generate projections of the impact future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> may have on conflicts such as crime and civil war. However, there are large degrees of uncertainty in such projections, arising from (i) the statistical uncertainty involved in regression analysis, (ii) divergent <span class="hlt">climate</span> model predictions, and (iii) the unknown ability of human societies to adapt to future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. In this article, we review the empirical evidence of the <span class="hlt">climate</span>-conflict relationship, provide insight into the likely extent and feasibility of adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as it pertains to human conflict, and discuss new methods that can be used to provide projections that capture these three sources of uncertainty.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=309681&keyword=Global+AND+warming&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=309681&keyword=Global+AND+warming&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Past, Present and Future: Urgency of Dealing with <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>This paper gives an historic perspective on 10 critical phases and actions in advancing an understanding of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and taking appropriate domestic and <span class="hlt">international</span> action. Credit goes to atmospheric scientists for their committed efforts to understand, model and measure ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.6114T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.6114T"><span><span class="hlt">Changes</span> in future fire regimes under <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Thonicke, Kirsten; von Bloh, Werner; Lutz, Julia; Knorr, Wolfgang; Wu, Minchao; Arneth, Almut</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>Fires are expected to <span class="hlt">change</span> under future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, <span class="hlt">climatic</span> fire is is increasing due to increase in droughts and heat waves affecting vegetation productivity and ecosystem function. Vegetation productivity influences fuel production, but can also limit fire spread. Vegetation-fire models allow investigating the interaction between wildfires and vegetation dynamics, thus non-linear effects between <span class="hlt">changes</span> in fuel composition and production on fire as well as <span class="hlt">changes</span> in fire regimes on fire-related plant mortality and fuel combustion. Here we present results from simulation experiments, where the vegetation-fire models LPJmL-SPITFIRE and LPJ-GUESS are applied to future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> scenarios from regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> models in Europe and Northern Africa. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts on fire regimes, vegetation dynamics and carbon fluxes are quantified and presented. New fire-prone regions are mapped and <span class="hlt">changes</span> in fire regimes of ecosystems with a long-fire history are analyzed. Fuel limitation is likely to increase in Mediterranean-type ecosystems, indicating non-linear connection between increasing fire risk and fuel production. Increased warming in temperate ecosystems in Eastern Europe and continued fuel production leads to increases not only in <span class="hlt">climatic</span> fire risk, but also area burnt and biomass burnt. This has implications for fire management, where adaptive capacity to this new vulnerability might be limited.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGC24E..01R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGC24E..01R"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Through a Poverty Lens</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rozenberg, J.; Hallegatte, S.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Analysis of the economic impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> typically considers regional or national economies and assesses its impact on macroeconomic aggregates such as gross domestic product. These studies therefore do not investigate the distributional impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> within countries or the impacts on poverty. This Perspective aims to close this gap and provide an assessment of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts at the household level to investigate the consequences of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> for poverty and for poor people. It does so by combining assessments of the physical impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in various sectors with household surveys. In particular, it highlights how rapid and inclusive development can reduce the future impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on poverty.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatCC...7..250H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatCC...7..250H"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> through a poverty lens</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hallegatte, Stephane; Rozenberg, Julie</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Analysis of the economic impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> typically considers regional or national economies and assesses its impact on macroeconomic aggregates such as gross domestic product. These studies therefore do not investigate the distributional impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> within countries or the impacts on poverty. This Perspective aims to close this gap and provide an assessment of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts at the household level to investigate the consequences of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> for poverty and for poor people. It does so by combining assessments of the physical impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in various sectors with household surveys. In particular, it highlights how rapid and inclusive development can reduce the future impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on poverty.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22934640','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22934640"><span>Genetics of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Franks, Steven J; Hoffmann, Ary A</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The rapid rate of current global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is having strong effects on many species and, at least in some cases, is driving evolution, particularly when <span class="hlt">changes</span> in conditions alter patterns of selection. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> thus provides an opportunity for the study of the genetic basis of adaptation. Such studies include a variety of observational and experimental approaches, such as sampling across clines, artificial evolution experiments, and resurrection studies. These approaches can be combined with a number of techniques in genetics and genomics, including association and mapping analyses, genome scans, and transcription profiling. Recent research has revealed a number of candidate genes potentially involved in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation and has also illustrated that genetic regulatory networks and epigenetic effects may be particularly relevant for evolution driven by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Although genetic and genomic data are rapidly accumulating, we still have much to learn about the genetic architecture of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70187293','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70187293"><span>Accounting for multiple <span class="hlt">climate</span> components when estimating <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> exposure and velocity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Nadeau, Christopher P.; Fuller, Angela K.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The effect of anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on organisms will likely be related to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> exposure and velocity at local and regional scales. However, common methods to estimate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> exposure and velocity ignore important components of <span class="hlt">climate</span> that are known to affect the ecology and evolution of organisms.We develop a novel index of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> (<span class="hlt">climate</span> overlap) that simultaneously estimates <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the means, variation and correlation between multiple weather variables. Specifically, we estimate the overlap between multivariate normal probability distributions representing historical and current or projected future <span class="hlt">climates</span>. We provide methods for estimating the statistical significance of <span class="hlt">climate</span> overlap values and methods to estimate velocity using <span class="hlt">climate</span> overlap.We show that <span class="hlt">climates</span> have <span class="hlt">changed</span> significantly across 80% of the continental United States in the last 32 years and that much of this <span class="hlt">change</span> is due to <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the variation and correlation between weather variables (two statistics that are rarely incorporated into <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> studies). We also show that projected future temperatures are predicted to be locally novel (<1·5% overlap) across most of the global land surface and that exposure is likely to be highest in areas with low historical <span class="hlt">climate</span> variation. Last, we show that accounting for <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the variation and correlation between multiple weather variables can dramatically affect velocity estimates; mean velocity estimates in the continental United States were between 3·1 and 19·0 km yr−1when estimated using <span class="hlt">climate</span> overlap compared to 1·4 km yr−1 when estimated using traditional methods.Our results suggest that accounting for <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the means, variation and correlation between multiple weather variables can dramatically affect estimates of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> exposure and velocity. These <span class="hlt">climate</span> components are known to affect the ecology and evolution of organisms, but are ignored by most measures</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFMED23A0971D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFMED23A0971D"><span>Informal Education and <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>: An Example From The Miami Science Museum</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Delaughter, J.</p> <p>2007-12-01</p> <p>The Miami Science Museum recently took part in the National Conversation on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Action, held on October 4, 2007. This nationwide event encouraged members of the general public to explore local <span class="hlt">climate</span> policy options. It provided an opportunity for citizens to discuss the issues and science of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> with experts and policy makers, as well as neighbors and friends. During the day, the Miami Science Museum hosted a variety of events with something for everyone. Local school groups played DECIDE games and competed to find the most "treasure" in trash. Members and visitors were encouraged to leave their mark by posting comments and ideas about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. A "Gates of <span class="hlt">Change</span>" exhibit provided dramatic visual indication of the effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and sea level rise. And a special "Meet the scientists" forum allowed the general public to discuss the facts and fictions of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> with experts from Miami University's Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science. This activity was part of the Association of Science and Technology Centers' (ASTC) <span class="hlt">International</span> action on Global Warming (IGLO) program. ASTC is the largest association of public science venues, and has 540 member institutions in 40 countries.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatCC...7..403E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatCC...7..403E"><span>A global economic assessment of city policies to reduce <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Estrada, Francisco; Botzen, W. J. Wouter; Tol, Richard S. J.</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts can be especially large in cities. Several large cities are taking <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> into account in long-term strategies, for which it is important to have information on the costs and benefits of adaptation. Studies on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts in cities mostly focus on a limited set of countries and risks, for example sea-level rise, health and water resources. Most of these studies are qualitative, except for the costs of sea-level rise in cities. These impact estimates do not take into account that large cities will experience additional warming due to the urban heat island effect, that is, the <span class="hlt">change</span> of local <span class="hlt">climate</span> patterns caused by urbanization. Here we provide a quantitative assessment of the economic costs of the joint impacts of local and global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> for all main cities around the world. Cost-benefit analyses are presented of urban heat island mitigation options, including green and cool roofs and cool pavements. It is shown that local actions can be a <span class="hlt">climate</span> risk-reduction instrument. Furthermore, limiting the urban heat island through city adaptation plans can significantly amplify the benefits of <span class="hlt">international</span> mitigation efforts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMED11C0789S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMED11C0789S"><span>Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Pilot Course Project</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Schuenemann, K. C.; Wagner, R.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>In fall 2011 a pilot course on "Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>" is being offered, which has been proposed to educate urban, diverse, undergraduate students about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> at the introductory level. The course has been approved to fulfill two general college requirements, a natural sciences requirement that focuses on the scientific method, as well as a global diversity requirement. This course presents the science behind global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> from an Earth systems and atmospheric science perspective. These concepts then provide the basis to explore the effect of global warming on regions throughout the world. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has been taught as a sub-topic in other courses in the past solely using scientific concepts, with little success in altering the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> misconceptions of the students. This pilot course will see if new, innovative projects described below can make more of an impact on the students' views of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Results of the successes or failures of these projects will be reported, as well as results of a pre- and post-course questionnaire on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> given to students taking the course. Students in the class will pair off and choose a global region or country that they will research, write papers on, and then represent in four class discussions spaced throughout the semester. The first report will include details on the current <span class="hlt">climate</span> of their region and how the <span class="hlt">climate</span> shapes that region's society and culture. The second report will discuss how that region is contributing to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and/or sequestering greenhouse gases. Thirdly, students will discuss observed and predicted <span class="hlt">changes</span> in that region's <span class="hlt">climate</span> and what impact it has had, and could have, on their society. Lastly, students will report on what role their region has played in mitigating <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, any policies their region may have implemented, and how their region can or cannot adapt to future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span>. They will also try to get a feel for the region</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21412082','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21412082"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and children's health.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bernstein, Aaron S; Myers, Samuel S</p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>To present the latest data that demonstrate how <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> affects children's health and to identify the principal ways in which <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> puts children's health at risk. Data continue to emerge that further implicate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as contributing to health burdens in children. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> models have become even more sophisticated and consistently forecast that greenhouse gas emissions will lead to higher mean temperatures that promote more intense storms and droughts, both of which have profound implications for child health. Recent <span class="hlt">climate</span> models shed light upon the spread of vector-borne disease, including Lyme disease in North America and malaria in Africa. Modeling studies have found that conditions conducive to forest fires, which generate harmful air pollutants and damage agriculture, are likely to become more prevalent in this century due to the effects of greenhouse gases added to earth's atmosphere. Through many pathways, and in particular via placing additional stress upon the availability of food, clean air, and clean water and by potentially expanding the burden of disease from certain vector-borne diseases, <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> represents a major threat to child health. Pediatricians have already seen and will increasingly see the adverse health effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in their practices. Because of this, and many other reasons, pediatricians have a unique capacity to help resolve the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> problem.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMED12A..04A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMED12A..04A"><span>Contemplating the Future: Building Student Resilience in <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Education</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Allison, E.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> research has largely focused on the biophysical, economic, and political aspects of the phenomenon, its projected impacts, and the possibilities for adaptation (Carey et al. 2014; Castree et al. 2014). In the classroom, too, <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is generally presented as a scientific, technological, political, and economic challenge. However, defining <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as physical challenge, divorced from its cultural causes and responses, forecloses some pathways of inquiry and limits the possibilities for adaptation (Adger et al. 2013). Recent perspectives by the environmental historian Mark Carey and colleagues (2014) and by the geographer Noel Castree and colleagues (2014) contend that ethnographic, narrative, social scientific, and humanistic insights are necessary additions to the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> policy process and can contribute to deliberate, resilient responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Among the humanistic insights needed are strategies and practices to maintain fortitude and persistence in the midst of dispiriting ecological trends. Students facing the "gloom and doom" of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> data in environmental studies courses can experience negative states of mind such as denial, despair, burnout, and grief. Emerging research, however, demonstrates how contemplative practice can shift consciousness and promote resilience. Contemplative practices are those that consciously direct calm, focused attention. Such practices can build <span class="hlt">internal</span> resilience, by promoting a greater sense of calm and well-being, decreasing stress, and sharpening focus and concentration. In addition, contemplative practices improve relationships with other people, through increasing compassion and flexibility in thinking. They also strengthen relationships with the surrounding world by increasing our ability to question, explore, and cope with rapid <span class="hlt">change</span> and complexity. This presentation provides a context for incorporating contemplative practices, including mindfulness exercises</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=climate+AND+change+AND+temperature&pg=6&id=EJ607224','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=climate+AND+change+AND+temperature&pg=6&id=EJ607224"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>: Good for Us?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Oblak, Jackie</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>Presents an activity with the objective of encouraging students to think about the effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Explains background information on dependence to <span class="hlt">climate</span> and discuses whether <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is important. Provides information for the activity, extensions, and evaluation. (YDS)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatCC...7....1.','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatCC...7....1."><span>Politics of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> belief</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Donald Trump's actions during the election and his first weeks as US president-elect send a strong message about his belief in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, or lack thereof. However, these actions may reflect polarization of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> beliefs, not <span class="hlt">climate</span> mitigation behaviour.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015NatCC...5..640C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015NatCC...5..640C"><span>Psychological research and global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Clayton, Susan; Devine-Wright, Patrick; Stern, Paul C.; Whitmarsh, Lorraine; Carrico, Amanda; Steg, Linda; Swim, Janet; Bonnes, Mirilia</p> <p>2015-07-01</p> <p>Human behaviour is integral not only to causing global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> but also to responding and adapting to it. Here, we argue that psychological research should inform efforts to address <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, to avoid misunderstandings about human behaviour and motivations that can lead to ineffective or misguided policies. We review three key research areas: describing human perceptions of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>; understanding and <span class="hlt">changing</span> individual and household behaviour that drives <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>; and examining the human impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and adaptation responses. Although much has been learned in these areas, we suggest important directions for further research.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMED11B0778W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMED11B0778W"><span>Eye tracking and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: How is <span class="hlt">climate</span> literacy information processed?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Williams, C. C.; McNeal, K. S.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>The population of the Southeastern United States is perceived to be resistant to information regarding global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Literacy Partnership in the Southeast (CLiPSE) project was formed to provide a resource for <span class="hlt">climate</span> science information. As part of this project, we are evaluating the way that education materials influence the interpretation of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> related information. At Mississippi State University, a study is being conducted examining how individuals from the Southeastern United States process <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> information and whether or not the interaction with such information impacts the interpretation of subsequent <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> related information. By observing the patterns both before and after an educational intervention, we are able to evaluate the effectiveness of the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> information on an individual's interpretation of related information. Participants in this study view figures describing various types of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> related information (CO2 emissions, sea levels, etc.) while their eye movements are tracked to determine a baseline for the way that they process this type of graphical data. Specifically, we are examining time spent viewing and number of fixations on critical portions of the figures prior to exposure to an educational document on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Following the baseline period, we provide participants with portions of a computerized version of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Literacy: The Essential Principles of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Sciences that the participants read at their own pace while their eye movements are monitored. Participants are told that they will be given a test on the material after reading the resource. After reading the excerpt, participants are presented with a new set of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> related figures to interpret (with eye tracking) along with a series of questions regarding information contained in the resource. We plan to evaluate <span class="hlt">changes</span> that occur in the way that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> related information is</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27778064','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27778064"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> Trends and Farmers' Perceptions of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> in Zambia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mulenga, Brian P; Wineman, Ayala; Sitko, Nicholas J</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>A number of studies use meteorological records to analyze <span class="hlt">climate</span> trends and assess the impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on agricultural yields. While these provide quantitative evidence on <span class="hlt">climate</span> trends and the likely effects thereof, they incorporate limited qualitative analysis of farmers' perceptions of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and/or variability. The present study builds on the quantitative methods used elsewhere to analyze <span class="hlt">climate</span> trends, and in addition compares local narratives of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> with evidence found in meteorological records in Zambia. Farmers offer remarkably consistent reports of a rainy season that is growing shorter and less predictable. For some <span class="hlt">climate</span> parameters-notably, rising average temperature-there is a clear overlap between farmers' observations and patterns found in the meteorological records. However, the data do not support the perception that the rainy season used to begin earlier, and we generally do not detect a reported increase in the frequency of dry spells. Several explanations for these discrepancies are offered. Further, we provide policy recommendations to help farmers adapt to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>/variability, as well as suggestions to shape future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> policies, programs, and research in developing countries.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70024453','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70024453"><span>Impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on the global forest sector</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Perez-Garcia, J.; Joyce, L.A.; McGuire, A.D.; Xiao, X.</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>The path and magnitude of future anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide will likely influence <span class="hlt">changes</span> in <span class="hlt">climate</span> that may impact the global forest sector. These responses in the global forest sector may have implications for <span class="hlt">international</span> efforts to stabilize the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide. This study takes a step toward including the role of global forest sector in integrated assessments of the global carbon cycle by linking global models of <span class="hlt">climate</span> dynamics, ecosystem processes and forest economics to assess the potential responses of the global forest sector to different levels of greenhouse gas emissions. We utilize three <span class="hlt">climate</span> scenarios and two economic scenarios to represent a range of greenhouse gas emissions and economic behavior. At the end of the analysis period (2040), the potential responses in regional forest growing stock simulated by the global ecosystem model range from decreases and increases for the low emissions <span class="hlt">climate</span> scenario to increases in all regions for the high emissions <span class="hlt">climate</span> scenario. The <span class="hlt">changes</span> in vegetation are used to adjust timber supply in the softwood and hardwood sectors of the economic model. In general, the global <span class="hlt">changes</span> in welfare are positive, but small across all scenarios. At the regional level, the <span class="hlt">changes</span> in welfare can be large and either negative or positive. Markets and trade in forest products play important roles in whether a region realizes any gains associated with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. In general, regions with the lowest wood fiber production cost are able to expand harvests. Trade in forest products leads to lower prices elsewhere. The low-cost regions expand market shares and force higher-cost regions to decrease their harvests. Trade produces different economic gains and losses across the globe even though, globally, economic welfare increases. The results of this study indicate that assumptions within alternative <span class="hlt">climate</span> scenarios and about trade in forest products are important factors</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.1644O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.1644O"><span>Attribution of glacier fluctuations to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Oerlemans, J.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>Glacier retreat is a worlwide phenomenon, which started around the middle of the 19th century. During the period 1800-1850 the number of retreating and advancing glaciers was roughly equal (based on 42 records from different continents). During the period 1850-1900 about 92% of all mountain glaciers became shorter (based on 65 records). After this, the percentage of shrinking glaciers has been around 90% until the present time. The glacier signal is rather coherent over the globe, especially when surging and calving glaciers are not considered (for such glaciers the response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is often masked by length <span class="hlt">changes</span> related to <span class="hlt">internal</span> dynamics). From theoretical studies as well as extensive meteorological work on glaciers, the processes that control the response of glaciers to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> are now basically understood. It is useful to make a difference between geometric factors (e.g. slope, altitudinal range, hypsometry) and <span class="hlt">climatic</span> setting (e.g. seasonal cycle, precipitation). The most sensitive glaciers appear to be flat glaciers in a maritime <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Characterizing the dynamic properties of a glacier requires at least two quantities: the <span class="hlt">climate</span> sensitivity, expressing how the equilibrium glacier state depends on the <span class="hlt">climatic</span> conditions, and the response time, indicating how fast a glacier approaches a new equilibrium state after a stepwise <span class="hlt">change</span> in the <span class="hlt">climatic</span> forcing. These quantities can be estimated from relatively simple theory, showing that differences among glaciers are substantial. For larger glaciers, <span class="hlt">climate</span> sensitivities (in terms of glacier length) vary from 1 to 8 km per 100 m <span class="hlt">change</span> in the equilibrium-line altitude. Response times are mainly in the range of 20 to 200 years, with most values between 30 and 80 years. <span class="hlt">Changes</span> in the equilibrium-line altitude or net mass balance of a glacier are mainly driven by fluctuations in air temperature, precipitation, and global radiation. Energy-balance modelling for many glaciers shows that</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JMarA..11..255W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JMarA..11..255W"><span>Maritime Archaeology and <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>: An Invitation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wright, Jeneva</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Maritime archaeology has a tremendous capacity to engage with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science. The field is uniquely positioned to support <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> research and the understanding of past human adaptations to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Maritime archaeological data can inform on environmental shifts and submerged sites can serve as an important avenue for public outreach by mobilizing public interest and action towards understanding the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Despite these opportunities, maritime archaeologists have not fully developed a role within <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science and policy. Moreover, submerged site vulnerabilities stemming from <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts are not yet well understood. This article discusses potential <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> threats to maritime archaeological resources, the challenges confronting cultural resource managers, and the contributions maritime archaeology can offer to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science. Maritime archaeology's ability to both support and benefit from <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science argues its relevant and valuable place in the global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> dialogue, but also reveals the necessity for our heightened engagement.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EPJST.225..459M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EPJST.225..459M"><span>Malaria ecology and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>McCord, G. C.</p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p>Understanding the costs that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will exact on society is crucial to devising an appropriate policy response. One of the channels through while <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will affect human society is through vector-borne diseases whose epidemiology is conditioned by ambient ecology. This paper introduces the literature on malaria, its cost on society, and the consequences of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> to the physics community in hopes of inspiring synergistic research in the area of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and health. It then demonstrates the use of one ecological indicator of malaria suitability to provide an order-of-magnitude assessment of how <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> might affect the malaria burden. The average of Global Circulation Model end-of-century predictions implies a 47% average increase in the basic reproduction number of the disease in today's malarious areas, significantly complicating malaria elimination efforts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27929448','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27929448"><span>Community Capitals as Community Resilience to <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>: Conceptual Connections.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kais, Shaikh Mohammad; Islam, Md Saidul</p> <p>2016-12-06</p> <p>In the last few decades, disaster risk reduction programs and <span class="hlt">climate</span> initiatives across the globe have focused largely on the intimate connections between vulnerability, recovery, adaptation, and coping mechanisms. Recent focus, however, is increasingly paid to community resilience. Community, placed at the intersection between the household and national levels of social organization, is crucial in addressing economic, social, or environmental disturbances disrupting human security. Resilience measures a community's capability of bouncing back-restoring the original pre-disaster state, as well as bouncing forward-the capacity to cope with emerging post-disaster situations and <span class="hlt">changes</span>. Both the 'bouncing back' and 'moving forward' properties of a community are shaped and reshaped by <span class="hlt">internal</span> and external shocks such as <span class="hlt">climate</span> threats, the community's resilience dimensions, and the intensity of economic, social, and other community capitals. This article reviews (1) the concept of resilience in relation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and vulnerability; and (2) emerging perspectives on community-level impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, resilience dimensions, and community capitals. It argues that overall resilience of a place-based community is located at the intersection of the community's resilience dimensions, community capitals, and the level of <span class="hlt">climate</span> disruptions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5201352','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5201352"><span>Community Capitals as Community Resilience to <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>: Conceptual Connections</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kais, Shaikh Mohammad; Islam, Md Saidul</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>In the last few decades, disaster risk reduction programs and <span class="hlt">climate</span> initiatives across the globe have focused largely on the intimate connections between vulnerability, recovery, adaptation, and coping mechanisms. Recent focus, however, is increasingly paid to community resilience. Community, placed at the intersection between the household and national levels of social organization, is crucial in addressing economic, social, or environmental disturbances disrupting human security. Resilience measures a community’s capability of bouncing back—restoring the original pre-disaster state, as well as bouncing forward—the capacity to cope with emerging post-disaster situations and <span class="hlt">changes</span>. Both the ‘bouncing back’ and ‘moving forward’ properties of a community are shaped and reshaped by <span class="hlt">internal</span> and external shocks such as <span class="hlt">climate</span> threats, the community’s resilience dimensions, and the intensity of economic, social, and other community capitals. This article reviews (1) the concept of resilience in relation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and vulnerability; and (2) emerging perspectives on community-level impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, resilience dimensions, and community capitals. It argues that overall resilience of a place-based community is located at the intersection of the community’s resilience dimensions, community capitals, and the level of <span class="hlt">climate</span> disruptions. PMID:27929448</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFMED31C..03N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFMED31C..03N"><span>Creationism & <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (Invited)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Newton, S.</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>Although creationists focus on the biological sciences, recently creationists have also expanded their attacks to include the earth sciences, especially on the topic of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The creationist effort to deny <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, in addition to evolution and radiometric dating, is part of a broader denial of the methodology and validity of science itself. Creationist misinformation can pose a serious problem for science educators, who are further hindered by the poor treatment of the earth sciences and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in state science standards. Recent <span class="hlt">changes</span> to Texas’ science standards, for example, require that students learn “different views on the existence of global warming.” Because of Texas’ large influence on the national textbook market, textbooks presenting non-scientific “different views” about <span class="hlt">climate</span> change—or simply omitting the subject entirely because of the alleged “controversy”—could become part of K-12 classrooms across the country.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4996644','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4996644"><span>The impact of high-end <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on agricultural welfare</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Stevanović, Miodrag; Popp, Alexander; Lotze-Campen, Hermann; Dietrich, Jan Philipp; Müller, Christoph; Bonsch, Markus; Schmitz, Christoph; Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon; Humpenöder, Florian; Weindl, Isabelle</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> threatens agricultural productivity worldwide, resulting in higher food prices. Associated economic gains and losses differ not only by region but also between producers and consumers and are affected by market dynamics. On the basis of an impact modeling chain, starting with 19 different <span class="hlt">climate</span> projections that drive plant biophysical process simulations and ending with agro-economic decisions, this analysis focuses on distributional effects of high-end <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts across geographic regions and across economic agents. By estimating the <span class="hlt">changes</span> in surpluses of consumers and producers, we find that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> can have detrimental impacts on global agricultural welfare, especially after 2050, because losses in consumer surplus generally outweigh gains in producer surplus. Damage in agriculture may reach the annual loss of 0.3% of future total gross domestic product at the end of the century globally, assuming further opening of trade in agricultural products, which typically leads to interregional production shifts to higher latitudes. Those estimated global losses could increase substantially if <span class="hlt">international</span> trade is more restricted. If beneficial effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide fertilization can be realized in agricultural production, much of the damage could be avoided. Although trade policy reforms toward further liberalization help alleviate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts, additional compensation mechanisms for associated environmental and development concerns have to be considered. PMID:27574700</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27574700','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27574700"><span>The impact of high-end <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on agricultural welfare.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Stevanović, Miodrag; Popp, Alexander; Lotze-Campen, Hermann; Dietrich, Jan Philipp; Müller, Christoph; Bonsch, Markus; Schmitz, Christoph; Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon; Humpenöder, Florian; Weindl, Isabelle</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> threatens agricultural productivity worldwide, resulting in higher food prices. Associated economic gains and losses differ not only by region but also between producers and consumers and are affected by market dynamics. On the basis of an impact modeling chain, starting with 19 different <span class="hlt">climate</span> projections that drive plant biophysical process simulations and ending with agro-economic decisions, this analysis focuses on distributional effects of high-end <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts across geographic regions and across economic agents. By estimating the <span class="hlt">changes</span> in surpluses of consumers and producers, we find that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> can have detrimental impacts on global agricultural welfare, especially after 2050, because losses in consumer surplus generally outweigh gains in producer surplus. Damage in agriculture may reach the annual loss of 0.3% of future total gross domestic product at the end of the century globally, assuming further opening of trade in agricultural products, which typically leads to interregional production shifts to higher latitudes. Those estimated global losses could increase substantially if <span class="hlt">international</span> trade is more restricted. If beneficial effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide fertilization can be realized in agricultural production, much of the damage could be avoided. Although trade policy reforms toward further liberalization help alleviate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts, additional compensation mechanisms for associated environmental and development concerns have to be considered.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28125385','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28125385"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> and Collective Violence.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Levy, Barry S; Sidel, Victor W; Patz, Jonathan A</p> <p>2017-03-20</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is causing increases in temperature, <span class="hlt">changes</span> in precipitation and extreme weather events, sea-level rise, and other environmental impacts. It is also causing or contributing to heat-related disorders, respiratory and allergic disorders, infectious diseases, malnutrition due to food insecurity, and mental health disorders. In addition, increasing evidence indicates that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is causally associated with collective violence, generally in combination with other causal factors. Increased temperatures and extremes of precipitation with their associated consequences, including resultant scarcity of cropland and other key environmental resources, are major pathways by which <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> leads to collective violence. Public health professionals can help prevent collective violence due to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> (a) by supporting mitigation measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, (b) by promoting adaptation measures to address the consequences of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and to improve community resilience, and (c) by addressing underlying risk factors for collective violence, such as poverty and socioeconomic disparities.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27329411','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27329411"><span>Quantitative Estimation of the <span class="hlt">Climatic</span> Effects of Carbon Transferred by <span class="hlt">International</span> Trade.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wei, Ting; Dong, Wenjie; Moore, John; Yan, Qing; Song, Yi; Yang, Zhiyong; Yuan, Wenping; Chou, Jieming; Cui, Xuefeng; Yan, Xiaodong; Wei, Zhigang; Guo, Yan; Yang, Shili; Tian, Di; Lin, Pengfei; Yang, Song; Wen, Zhiping; Lin, Hui; Chen, Min; Feng, Guolin; Jiang, Yundi; Zhu, Xian; Chen, Juan; Wei, Xin; Shi, Wen; Zhang, Zhiguo; Dong, Juan; Li, Yexin; Chen, Deliang</p> <p>2016-06-22</p> <p>Carbon transfer via <span class="hlt">international</span> trade affects the spatial pattern of global carbon emissions by redistributing emissions related to production of goods and services. It has potential impacts on attribution of the responsibility of various countries for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and formulation of carbon-reduction policies. However, the effect of carbon transfer on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has not been quantified. Here, we present a quantitative estimate of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> impacts of carbon transfer based on a simple CO2 Impulse Response Function and three Earth System Models. The results suggest that carbon transfer leads to a migration of CO2 by 0.1-3.9 ppm or 3-9% of the rise in the global atmospheric concentrations from developed countries to developing countries during 1990-2005 and potentially reduces the effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol by up to 5.3%. However, the induced atmospheric CO2 concentration and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> (e.g., in temperature, ocean heat content, and sea-ice) are very small and lie within observed interannual variability. Given continuous growth of transferred carbon emissions and their proportion in global total carbon emissions, the <span class="hlt">climatic</span> effect of traded carbon is likely to become more significant in the future, highlighting the need to consider carbon transfer in future <span class="hlt">climate</span> negotiations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1918958B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1918958B"><span>Vegetation zones in <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Belda, Michal; Holtanova, Eva; Halenka, Tomas; Kalvova, Jaroslava</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> patterns analysis can be performed for individual <span class="hlt">climate</span> variables separately or the data can be aggregated using e.g. some kind of <span class="hlt">climate</span> classification. These classifications usually correspond to vegetation distribution in the sense that each <span class="hlt">climate</span> type is dominated by one vegetation zone or eco-region. Thus, the Köppen-Trewartha classification provides integrated assessment of temperature and precipitation together with their annual cycle as well. This way <span class="hlt">climate</span> classifications also can be used as a convenient tool for the assessment and validation of <span class="hlt">climate</span> models and for the analysis of simulated future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span>. The Köppen-Trewartha classification is applied on full CMIP5 family of more than 40 GCM simulations and CRU dataset for comparison. This evaluation provides insight on the GCM performance and errors for simulations of the 20th century <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Common regions are identified, such as Australia or Amazonia, where many state-of-the-art models perform inadequately. Moreover, the analysis of the CMIP5 ensemble for future under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 is performed to assess the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> for future. There are significant <span class="hlt">changes</span> for some types in most models e.g. increase of savanna and decrease of tundra for the future <span class="hlt">climate</span>. For some types significant shifts in latitude can be seen when studying their geographical location in selected continental areas, e.g. toward higher latitudes for boreal <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Quite significant uncertainty can be seen for some types. For Europe, EuroCORDEX results for both 0.11 and 0.44 degree resolution are validated using Köppen-Trewartha types in comparison to E-OBS based classification. ERA-Interim driven simulations are compared to both present conditions of CMIP5 models as well as their downscaling by EuroCORDEX RCMs. Finally, the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> signal assessment is provided using the individual <span class="hlt">climate</span> types. In addition to the <span class="hlt">changes</span> assessed similarly as for GCMs analysis in terms of the area</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18077402','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18077402"><span>Adapting agriculture to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Howden, S Mark; Soussana, Jean-François; Tubiello, Francesco N; Chhetri, Netra; Dunlop, Michael; Meinke, Holger</p> <p>2007-12-11</p> <p>The strong trends in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> already evident, the likelihood of further <span class="hlt">changes</span> occurring, and the increasing scale of potential <span class="hlt">climate</span> impacts give urgency to addressing agricultural adaptation more coherently. There are many potential adaptation options available for marginal <span class="hlt">change</span> of existing agricultural systems, often variations of existing <span class="hlt">climate</span> risk management. We show that implementation of these options is likely to have substantial benefits under moderate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> for some cropping systems. However, there are limits to their effectiveness under more severe <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span>. Hence, more systemic <span class="hlt">changes</span> in resource allocation need to be considered, such as targeted diversification of production systems and livelihoods. We argue that achieving increased adaptation action will necessitate integration of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>-related issues with other risk factors, such as <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability and market risk, and with other policy domains, such as sustainable development. Dealing with the many barriers to effective adaptation will require a comprehensive and dynamic policy approach covering a range of scales and issues, for example, from the understanding by farmers of <span class="hlt">change</span> in risk profiles to the establishment of efficient markets that facilitate response strategies. Science, too, has to adapt. Multidisciplinary problems require multidisciplinary solutions, i.e., a focus on integrated rather than disciplinary science and a strengthening of the interface with decision makers. A crucial component of this approach is the implementation of adaptation assessment frameworks that are relevant, robust, and easily operated by all stakeholders, practitioners, policymakers, and scientists.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25844020','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25844020"><span>Combining analytical frameworks to assess livelihood vulnerability to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and analyse adaptation options.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Reed, M S; Podesta, G; Fazey, I; Geeson, N; Hessel, R; Hubacek, K; Letson, D; Nainggolan, D; Prell, C; Rickenbach, M G; Ritsema, C; Schwilch, G; Stringer, L C; Thomas, A D</p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>Experts working on behalf of <span class="hlt">international</span> development organisations need better tools to assist land managers in developing countries maintain their livelihoods, as <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> puts pressure on the ecosystem services that they depend upon. However, current understanding of livelihood vulnerability to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is based on a fractured and disparate set of theories and methods. This review therefore combines theoretical insights from sustainable livelihoods analysis with other analytical frameworks (including the ecosystem services framework, diffusion theory, social learning, adaptive management and transitions management) to assess the vulnerability of rural livelihoods to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. This integrated analytical framework helps diagnose vulnerability to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, whilst identifying and comparing adaptation options that could reduce vulnerability, following four broad steps: i) determine likely level of exposure to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and how <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> might interact with existing stresses and other future drivers of <span class="hlt">change</span>; ii) determine the sensitivity of stocks of capital assets and flows of ecosystem services to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>; iii) identify factors influencing decisions to develop and/or adopt different adaptation strategies, based on innovation or the use/substitution of existing assets; and iv) identify and evaluate potential trade-offs between adaptation options. The paper concludes by identifying interdisciplinary research needs for assessing the vulnerability of livelihoods to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4375565','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4375565"><span>Combining analytical frameworks to assess livelihood vulnerability to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and analyse adaptation options☆</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Reed, M.S.; Podesta, G.; Fazey, I.; Geeson, N.; Hessel, R.; Hubacek, K.; Letson, D.; Nainggolan, D.; Prell, C.; Rickenbach, M.G.; Ritsema, C.; Schwilch, G.; Stringer, L.C.; Thomas, A.D.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Experts working on behalf of <span class="hlt">international</span> development organisations need better tools to assist land managers in developing countries maintain their livelihoods, as <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> puts pressure on the ecosystem services that they depend upon. However, current understanding of livelihood vulnerability to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is based on a fractured and disparate set of theories and methods. This review therefore combines theoretical insights from sustainable livelihoods analysis with other analytical frameworks (including the ecosystem services framework, diffusion theory, social learning, adaptive management and transitions management) to assess the vulnerability of rural livelihoods to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. This integrated analytical framework helps diagnose vulnerability to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, whilst identifying and comparing adaptation options that could reduce vulnerability, following four broad steps: i) determine likely level of exposure to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and how <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> might interact with existing stresses and other future drivers of <span class="hlt">change</span>; ii) determine the sensitivity of stocks of capital assets and flows of ecosystem services to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>; iii) identify factors influencing decisions to develop and/or adopt different adaptation strategies, based on innovation or the use/substitution of existing assets; and iv) identify and evaluate potential trade-offs between adaptation options. The paper concludes by identifying interdisciplinary research needs for assessing the vulnerability of livelihoods to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. PMID:25844020</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOS.P51A..08G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOS.P51A..08G"><span>Seeking a Role for the Ocean and Ocean Scientists in the Future of <span class="hlt">International</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Negotiations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gallo, N.; Eddebbar, Y.; Le, J. T.; Netburn, A. N.; Niles, J. O.; Sato, K.; Wilson, S.; Levin, L. A.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>The oceans cover 71% of the world and are essential to the <span class="hlt">climate</span> regulation of the planet, but they are severely underrepresented in <span class="hlt">international</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> negotiations. While marine ecosystems were mentioned in the preamble to the United Nations Framework Convention on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (UNFCCC), they have since been left out of the text of the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Treaty, and ocean-focused events are lacking at UNFCCC meetings. However, marine ecosystems sustain severe impacts from <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> including warming, acidification, and deoxygenation, and these <span class="hlt">changes</span> have economic implications for ocean-dependent nations including on tourism, fisheries sustainability, shoreline protection, and human livelihood. Ocean scientists from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and members of Ocean Scientists for Informed Policy have partnered with the newly-formed Ocean and <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Platform to raise ocean issues at the UNFCCC meeting in Paris through both official side event presentations within the meeting venue and offsite events for the public. This study focuses on how the role and recognition of the ocean in the UNFCCC negotiations has evolved from COP19 (2013) to COP21 (2015), what may be expected for the role of the ocean in <span class="hlt">international</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> negotiations beyond the Paris Agreement, and addresses what role ocean scientists can play in this conversation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.P51A..08G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.P51A..08G"><span>Seeking a Role for the Ocean and Ocean Scientists in the Future of <span class="hlt">International</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Negotiations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gallo, N.; Eddebbar, Y.; Le, J. T.; Netburn, A. N.; Niles, J. O.; Sato, K.; Wilson, S.; Levin, L. A.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The oceans cover 71% of the world and are essential to the <span class="hlt">climate</span> regulation of the planet, but they are severely underrepresented in <span class="hlt">international</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> negotiations. While marine ecosystems were mentioned in the preamble to the United Nations Framework Convention on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (UNFCCC), they have since been left out of the text of the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Treaty, and ocean-focused events are lacking at UNFCCC meetings. However, marine ecosystems sustain severe impacts from <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> including warming, acidification, and deoxygenation, and these <span class="hlt">changes</span> have economic implications for ocean-dependent nations including on tourism, fisheries sustainability, shoreline protection, and human livelihood. Ocean scientists from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and members of Ocean Scientists for Informed Policy have partnered with the newly-formed Ocean and <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Platform to raise ocean issues at the UNFCCC meeting in Paris through both official side event presentations within the meeting venue and offsite events for the public. This study focuses on how the role and recognition of the ocean in the UNFCCC negotiations has evolved from COP19 (2013) to COP21 (2015), what may be expected for the role of the ocean in <span class="hlt">international</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> negotiations beyond the Paris Agreement, and addresses what role ocean scientists can play in this conversation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.H33H..06B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.H33H..06B"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> hampers endangered species through intensified moisture-related plant stresses (Invited)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bartholomeus, R.; Witte, J.; van Bodegom, P.; Dam, J. V.; Aerts, R.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>With recent <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, extremes in meteorological conditions are forecast and observed to increase globally, and to affect vegetation composition. More prolonged dry periods will alternate with more intensive rainfall events, both within and between years, which will <span class="hlt">change</span> soil moisture dynamics. In temperate <span class="hlt">climates</span>, soil moisture, in concert with nutrient availability and soil acidity, is the most important environmental filter in determining local plant species composition, as it determines the availability of both oxygen and water to plant roots. These resources are indispensable for meeting the physiological demands of plants. The consequences of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> for our natural environment are among the most pressing issues of our time. The <span class="hlt">international</span> research community is beginning to realise that <span class="hlt">climate</span> extremes may be more powerful drivers of vegetation <span class="hlt">change</span> and species extinctions than slow-and-steady <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span>, but the causal mechanisms of such <span class="hlt">changes</span> are presently unknown. The roles of amplitudes in water availability as drivers of vegetation <span class="hlt">change</span> have been particularly elusive owing to the lack of integration of the key variables involved. Here we show that the combined effect of increased rainfall variability, temperature and atmospheric CO2-concentration will lead to an increased variability in both wet and dry extremes in stresses faced by plants (oxygen and water stress, respectively). We simulated these plant stresses with a novel, process-based approach, incorporating in detail the interacting processes in the soil-plant-atmosphere interface. In order to quantify oxygen and water stress with causal measures, we focused on interacting meteorological, soil physical, microbial, and plant physiological processes in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. As both the supply and demand of oxygen and water depend strongly on the prevailing meteorological conditions, both oxygen and water stress were calculated dynamically in time to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..1512041M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..1512041M"><span>VALUE - Validating and Integrating Downscaling Methods for <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Research</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Maraun, Douglas; Widmann, Martin; Benestad, Rasmus; Kotlarski, Sven; Huth, Radan; Hertig, Elke; Wibig, Joanna; Gutierrez, Jose</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>Our understanding of global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is mainly based on General Circulation Models (GCMs) with a relatively coarse resolution. Since <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts are mainly experienced on regional scales, high-resolution <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> scenarios need to be derived from GCM simulations by downscaling. Several projects have been carried out over the last years to validate the performance of statistical and dynamical downscaling, yet several aspects have not been systematically addressed: variability on sub-daily, decadal and longer time-scales, extreme events, spatial variability and inter-variable relationships. Different downscaling approaches such as dynamical downscaling, statistical downscaling and bias correction approaches have not been systematically compared. Furthermore, collaboration between different communities, in particular regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> modellers, statistical downscalers and statisticians has been limited. To address these gaps, the EU Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) action VALUE (www.value-cost.eu) has been brought into life. VALUE is a research network with participants from currently 23 European countries running from 2012 to 2015. Its main aim is to systematically validate and develop downscaling methods for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> research in order to improve regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> scenarios for use in <span class="hlt">climate</span> impact studies. Inspired by the co-design idea of the <span class="hlt">international</span> research initiative "future earth", stakeholders of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> information have been involved in the definition of research questions to be addressed and are actively participating in the network. The key idea of VALUE is to identify the relevant weather and <span class="hlt">climate</span> characteristics required as input for a wide range of impact models and to define an open framework to systematically validate these characteristics. Based on a range of benchmark data sets, in principle every downscaling method can be validated and compared with competing methods. The results of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28504631','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28504631"><span>[<span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, floods and health intervention].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Furu, Peter; Tellier, Siri; Vestergaard, Lasse S</p> <p>2017-05-15</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and variability are considered some of the biggest threats to human health in the 21st century. Extreme weather events such as floods and storms are examples of natural hazards resulting in highest number of disasters and with considerable mortality and morbidity among vulnerable communities. A coordinated, well-planned management of health interventions must be taken for timely action in the response, recovery, prevention and preparedness phases of disasters. Roles and responsibilities of <span class="hlt">international</span> as well as national organizations and authorities are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26536809','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26536809"><span>Assessment of exchange of crop in view of <span class="hlt">change</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> and <span class="hlt">International</span> Treaties.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Singh, Anil Kumar; Pedapati, Annitaa; Manibhushan</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>To meet the UN millennium development goal of reducing the number of hungry people to half by 2015, there is utmost need to breed potentially high yielding varieties to match up the requirement along with corrective measures to bridge the gap between the potential yield and yield harvested by farmers. The scenario has <span class="hlt">changed</span> from free access to limited access of plant genetic resources (PGR) and therefore, it is important to understand the issues in view of national and <span class="hlt">international</span> agreements, intellectual property rights (IPR'S), <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> conditions and expanded scope of breeders and farmers rights for developed genotypes. For efficient management of PGR, developing countries need to understand the implications of PGR related IPR'S as stronger IPR'S in developed countries could have harmful effects by reduced exchange of genetic resources from developed countries. Keeping in view the existing realities every possible effort should be taken for enrichment of crop gene pool by introducing them from each and every corner of the globe. Keeping these facts in view this paper describes the priorities for introduction and exchange of important crop groups/crops along with some of their potential wild and weedy relatives and thrust has been given to generate awareness among the workers engaged in the breeders/crop improvement works. Information provided in this presentation can be utilized by prospective crop improvement works to plan to meet out the nationalfood security.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRD..122.5600K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRD..122.5600K"><span>Impacts of boundary condition <span class="hlt">changes</span> on regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> projections over West Africa</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kim, Jee Hee; Kim, Yeonjoo; Wang, Guiling</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>Future projections using regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> models (RCMs) are driven with boundary conditions (BCs) typically derived from global <span class="hlt">climate</span> models. Understanding the impact of the various BCs on regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> projections is critical for characterizing their robustness and uncertainties. In this study, the <span class="hlt">International</span> Center for Theoretical Physics Regional <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Model Version 4 (RegCM4) is used to investigate the impact of different aspects of boundary conditions, including lateral BCs and sea surface temperature (SST), on projected future <span class="hlt">changes</span> of regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> in West Africa, and BCs from the coupled European Community-Hamburg Atmospheric Model 5/Max Planck Institute Ocean Model are used as an example. Historical, future, and several sensitivity experiments are conducted with various combinations of BCs and CO2 concentration, and differences among the experiments are compared to identify the most important drivers for RCMs. When driven by <span class="hlt">changes</span> in all factors, the RegCM4-produced future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> include significantly drier conditions in Sahel and wetter conditions along the Guinean coast. <span class="hlt">Changes</span> in CO2 concentration within the RCM domain alone or <span class="hlt">changes</span> in wind vectors at the domain boundaries alone have minor impact on projected future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span>. <span class="hlt">Changes</span> in the atmospheric humidity alone at the domain boundaries lead to a wetter Sahel due to the northward migration of rain belts during summer. This impact, although significant, is offset and dominated by <span class="hlt">changes</span> of other BC factors (primarily temperature) that cause a drying signal. Future <span class="hlt">changes</span> of atmospheric temperature at the domain boundaries combined with SST <span class="hlt">changes</span> over oceans are sufficient to cause a future <span class="hlt">climate</span> that closely resembles the projection that accounts for all factors combined. Therefore, <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability and <span class="hlt">changes</span> simulated by RCMs depend primarily on the variability and <span class="hlt">change</span> of temperature aspects of the RCM BCs. Moreover, it is found that the response</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1714848M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1714848M"><span>Comparison and Evaluation of Global Scale Studies of Vulnerability and Risks to <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Muccione, Veruska; Allen, Simon K.; Huggel, Christian; Birkmann, Joern</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>Understanding the present and future distribution of different <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts and vulnerability to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is a central subject in the context of <span class="hlt">climate</span> justice and <span class="hlt">international</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> policy. Commonly, it is claimed that poor countries that contributed little to anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> are those most affected and most vulnerable to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Such statements are backed by a number of global-scale vulnerability studies, which identified poor countries as most vulnerable. However, some studies have challenged this view, likewise highlighting the high vulnerability of richer countries. Overall, no consensus has been reached so far about which concept of vulnerability should be applied and what type of indicators should be considered. Furthermore, there is little agreement which specific countries are most vulnerable. This is a major concern in view of the need to inform <span class="hlt">international</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> policy, all the more if such assessments should contribute to allocate <span class="hlt">climate</span> adaptation funds as was invoked at some instances. We argue that next to the analysis of who is most vulnerable, it is also important to better understand and compare different vulnerability profiles assessed in present global studies. We perform a systematic literature review of global vulnerability assessments with the scope to highlight vulnerability distribution patterns. We then compare these distributions with global risk distributions in line with revised and adopted concepts by most recent IPCC reports. It emerges that improved differentiation of key drivers of risk and the understanding of different vulnerability profiles are important contributions, which can inform future adaptation policies at the regional and national level. This can <span class="hlt">change</span> the perspective on, and basis for distributional issues in view of <span class="hlt">climate</span> burden share, and therefore can have implications for UNFCCC financing instruments (e.g. Green <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Fund). However, in order to better compare</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMPA41A..02C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMPA41A..02C"><span>America's <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Choices: Limiting the Magnitude of Future <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (Invited)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Carlson, A.; Fri, R.; Brown, M.; Geller, L.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>At the request of Congress, the National Academy of Sciences convened a series of coordinated activities to provide advice on actions and strategies the nation can take to respond to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. This suite of activities included a study on strategies for limiting the magnitude of future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> (i.e. mitigation). Limiting <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is a global effort that will require significant reductions of greenhouse gas emissions by countries around the world. U.S. action alone is not sufficient, but it is clearly necessary for the U.S. to make significant contributions to the global effort. While efforts to limit <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> are already underway across the U.S. (by state and local governments, businesses, non-governmental organizations, and individual households), we currently lack a framework of federal policies to help assure that all key actors participating and working towards coherent national goals. This study recommends a U.S. policy goal stated as a budget for cumulative greenhouse gas emissions through the year 2050, and offers an illustrative range of budget numbers derived from recent work of the Energy Modeling Forum. The report evaluates the types of <span class="hlt">changes</span> to our nation's energy system that are needed to meet a budget in the proposed range, which leads to a conclusion that the U.S. must get started now in aggressively pursuing available emission reduction opportunities, while also investing heavily in R&D to create new emission reduction opportunities. The study offers a series of recommendations for how to move ahead in pursing these near-term and longer-term opportunities. The recommendations address the need for a carbon pricing system and strategically-targeted complimentary policies, for effective <span class="hlt">international</span> engagement, for careful balancing of federal with state/local action, and for consideration of equity and employment impacts of response policies. The study also discusses the need to design policies that are both durable over the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/362210-economics-politics-climate-change','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/362210-economics-politics-climate-change"><span>Economics and politics of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Hahn, R.W.</p> <p>1998-12-31</p> <p>A fundamental issue is what steps, if any, nations should take to control greenhouse gas emissions. Robert Hahn argues that over the next decade the best strategy for policy makers is to build institutions that can address <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in the future by developing a capacity at the nation-state level to measure greenhouse gas emissions and to implement and enforce cost-effective ways of limiting emissions. Policy makers must also improve the capacity of an <span class="hlt">international</span> body to assess greenhouse gas inventories and review national policies. Hahn recommends that the developed nations craft an agreement for the next decade that providesmore » a slight emission limitation and allows for a series of case studies, in which developing nations would participate, to preserve diversity and build useful institutional knowledge. The Economics and Politics of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> is one in a series of new AEI studies related to the globalization of environmental policy. These studies will focus on specific issues and on the new institutional arrangements required to deal with them. A list of publications in this series appears inside.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23195141','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23195141"><span>Forest management under <span class="hlt">climatic</span> and social uncertainty: trade-offs between reducing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts and fostering adaptive capacity.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Seidl, Rupert; Lexer, Manfred J</p> <p>2013-01-15</p> <p>The unabated continuation of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and the lack of an <span class="hlt">international</span> consensus on a stringent <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> mitigation policy underscore the importance of adaptation for coping with the all but inevitable <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the <span class="hlt">climate</span> system. Adaptation measures in forestry have particularly long lead times. A timely implementation is thus crucial for reducing the considerable <span class="hlt">climate</span> vulnerability of forest ecosystems. However, since future environmental conditions as well as future societal demands on forests are inherently uncertain, a core requirement for adaptation is robustness to a wide variety of possible futures. Here we explicitly address the roles of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> and social uncertainty in forest management, and tackle the question of robustness of adaptation measures in the context of multi-objective sustainable forest management (SFM). We used the Austrian Federal Forests (AFF) as a case study, and employed a comprehensive vulnerability assessment framework based on ecosystem modeling, multi-criteria decision analysis, and practitioner participation. We explicitly considered <span class="hlt">climate</span> uncertainty by means of three <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> scenarios, and accounted for uncertainty in future social demands by means of three societal preference scenarios regarding SFM indicators. We found that the effects of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> and social uncertainty on the projected performance of management were in the same order of magnitude, underlining the notion that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation requires an integrated social-ecological perspective. Furthermore, our analysis of adaptation measures revealed considerable trade-offs between reducing adverse impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and facilitating adaptive capacity. This finding implies that prioritization between these two general aims of adaptation is necessary in management planning, which we suggest can draw on uncertainty analysis: Where the variation induced by social-ecological uncertainty renders measures aiming to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/12447','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/12447"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> induced invasions by native and exotic pests</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Jesse A. Logan</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>The importance of effective risk assessment for introduction and establishment of exotic pest species has dramatically increased with an expanded global economy and the accompanying increase in <span class="hlt">international</span> trade. Concurrently, recent <span class="hlt">climate</span> warming has resulted in potential invasion of new habitats by native pest species. The time frame of response to <span class="hlt">changing</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ESE...tmp...18A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ESE...tmp...18A"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Impacts, Vulnerabilities and Adaption Measures for Egypt's Nile Delta</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Abutaleb, Khaled Abubakr Ali; Mohammed, Asmaa Hassan El-Sayed; Ahmed, Mahmoud H. Mohamed</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>During the last few decades there has been growing concern about the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. A significant number of institutions, research centers, universities and governments have funded projects in addition to work done by independent scholars and assessors studying this phenomenon, in particular, to identify vulnerability, mitigation and adaptation against associated risks. Egypt is among the <span class="hlt">international</span> community which took part in numerous studies, research activities, conferences, seminars and meetings attempting to address <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and its associated risks. Egypt is particularly concerned with the threat to the Nile Delta as it is considered a low-lying land at high risk. The aim of this paper is to review current and previous projects, technical reports and pilot studies, concerning risk assessments, mitigation, and adaptation strategies for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in Egypt. This, in turn, will aid in decision making regarding future funding and establishing of research related to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in Egypt. This paper will also highlight the weaknesses and strengths of policymakers solely relying on one or more of these studies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA522306','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA522306"><span>U.S. Navy <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Roadmap</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is a national security challenge with strategic implications for the Navy. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will lead to increased tensions in nations...with weak economies and political institutions. While <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> alone is not likely to lead to future conflict, it may be a contributing factor... <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is affecting, and will continue to affect, U.S. military installations and access to natural resources worldwide. It will affect the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMPA41A1962D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMPA41A1962D"><span>iSee<span class="hlt">Change</span>: Crowdsourced <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Reporting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Drapkin, J. K.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Directly engaging local communities about their <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> experiences has never been more important. As weather and <span class="hlt">climate</span> become more unpredictable, these experiences provide a baseline for community decisions, developing adaptation strategies, and planning for the future. Typically, <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is documented in a top-down fashion: a scientist has a question, makes observations, and publishes a study; in the best case scenario, a journalist reports on the results; if there's time, a local anecdote is sought to put the results in a familiar context. iSee<span class="hlt">Change</span>, a public media project funded by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, reports local environmental <span class="hlt">change</span> in reverse and turns community questions and conversations with scientists into reported stories that promote opportunities to learn about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>'s affects on the environment and daily life. iSee<span class="hlt">Change</span> engages residents of the North Fork Valley region of western Colorado in a multiplatform conversation with scientists about how they perceive their environment is <span class="hlt">changing</span> through the course of a year - season to season. By bringing together public radio, a mobile reporting and cellular engagement strategy, and a custom crowdsourcing multimedia platform, iSee<span class="hlt">Change</span> provides a central access point to collect observations (texts, photographs, voice recordings, and video), organize conversations and interviews with scientists, and report stories online and on air. In this way, iSee<span class="hlt">Change</span> is building a dynamic crowdsourced reservoir of information that can increase awareness of environmental problems and potentially disseminate useful information about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and successful adaptation strategies. Ultimately, by understanding the community's information needs in a localized question-driven context, the iSee<span class="hlt">Change</span> platform presents opportunities for the science community to better understand the value of information and develop better ways to tailor information for communities to use</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29508312','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29508312"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>: From Science to Practice.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wheeler, Nicola; Watts, Nick</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> poses a significant threat to human health. Understanding how <span class="hlt">climate</span> science can be translated into public health practice is an essential first step in enabling robust adaptation and improving resiliency to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Recent research highlights the importance of iterative approaches to public health adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, enabling uncertainties of health impacts and barriers to adaptation to be accounted for. There are still significant barriers to adaptation, which are context-specific and thus present unique challenges to public health practice. The implementation of flexible adaptation approaches, using frameworks targeted for public health, is key to ensuring robust adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in public health practice. The BRACE framework provides an excellent approach for health adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Combining this with the insights provided and by the adaptation pathways approach allows for more deliberate accounting of long-term uncertainties. The mainstreaming of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation into public health practice and planning is important in facilitating this approach and overcoming the significant barriers to effective adaptation. Yet, the immediate and future limits to adaptation provide clear justification for urgent and accelerated efforts to mitigate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/international-cooperation/epas-role-international-climate-adaptation','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/international-cooperation/epas-role-international-climate-adaptation"><span>EPA's Role in <span class="hlt">International</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Adaptation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will impact communities around the world in varying ways and to varying degrees, over time. Yet people living in developing countries are likely to be more adversely affected by current and anticipated <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span>, especially cities.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70193258','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70193258"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> 2014: Technical Summary</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Field, Chrisopher B.; Barros, Vicente; Mach, Katherine; Mastrandrea, Michael; van Aalst, Maarten; Adger, Niel; Arent, Douglas J; Barnett, Jonathan; Betts, Richard; Bilir, Eren; Birkmann, Joern; Carmin, Joann; Chadee, Dave; Challinor, Andrew; Chaterjee, Monalisa; Cramer, Wolfgang; Davidson, Debra; Estrada, Yuka; Gatusso, Jean-Pierre; Hijioka, Yasuakai; Yohe, Gary; Hiza, Margaret; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove; Huang, He-Qing; Insarov, Gregory; Jones, Roger; Kovats, Sari; Lankao, Patricia Romero; Larsen, Joan Nymand; Losada, Iñigo; Marengo, José; McLean, Roger; Mearns, Linda; Mechler, Reinhard; Morton, John; Niang, Isabelle; Oki, Taikan; Olwoch, Jane Mukarugwiza; Opondo, Maggie; Poloczanska, Elvira; Pörtner, Hans -O.; Reisinger, Andy; Revi, Aromar; Schmidt, Daniela; Shaw, Rebecca; Solecki, William; Stone, Dáithí; Stone, John; Strzepek, Ken; Suarez, Avelino G.; Tschakert, Petra; Valentini, Riccardo; Vicuna, Sebastian; Villamizar, Alicia; Vincent, Katharine; Warren, Rachel; White, Leslie; Wilbanks, Thomas; Wong, Poh Poh</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Human interference with the <span class="hlt">climate</span> system is occurring (WGI AR5 SPM Section D.3; WGI AR5 Sections 2.2, 6.3, 10.3 to 10.6, 10.9). <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> poses risks for human and natural systems. The assessment of impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability in the Working Group II contribution to the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report (WGII AR5) evaluates how patterns of risks and potential benefits are shifting due to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. It considers how impacts and risks related to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> can be reduced and managed through adaptation and mitigation. The report assesses needs, options, opportunities, constraints, resilience, limits, and other aspects associated with adaptation. It recognizes that risks of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will vary across regions and populations, through space and time, dependent on myriad factors including the extent of adaptation and mitigation. For the past 2 decades, IPCC’s Working Group II has developed assessments of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. The WGII AR5 builds from the WGII contribution to the IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report (WGII AR4), published in 2007, and the Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Adaptation (SREX), published in 2012. It follows the Working Group I contribution to the AR5. The WGII AR5 is presented in two parts (Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects, and Part B: Regional Aspects), reflecting the expanded literature basis and multidisciplinary approach, increased focus on societal impacts and responses, and continued regionally comprehensive coverage. [1.1 to 1.3] The number of scientific publications available for assessing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability more than doubled between 2005 and 2010, with especially rapid increases in publications related to adaptation, allowing for a more robust assessment that supports policymaking (high confidence). The diversity of the topics and regions covered has similarly expanded, as has</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29148655','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29148655"><span>Feframing <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> for Environmental Health.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Weems, Caitlin; Subramaniam, Prithwi Raj</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Repeated warnings by the scientific community on the dire consequences of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> through global warming to the ecology and sustenance of our planet have not been give appropriate attention by the U.S. public. Research has shown that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is responsible for catastrophic weather occurrences--such as floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, and heat waves--resulting in environmental and public health issues. The purpose of this report is to examine factors influencing public views on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Theoretical and political perspectives are examined to unpack opinions held by the public in the U.S. on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The Health Belief Model is used as an example to showcase the efficacy of an individual behavior <span class="hlt">change</span> program in providing the synergy to understand <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> at the microlevel. The concept of reframing is discussed as a strategy to alter how the public views <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4794265','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4794265"><span>Hybrid Zones: Windows on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Larson, Erica L.; Harrison, Richard G.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Defining the impacts of anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on biodiversity and species distributions is currently a high priority. Niche models focus primarily on predicted <span class="hlt">changes</span> in abiotic factors; however, species interactions and adaptive evolution will impact the ability of species to persist in the face of <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Our review focuses on the use of hybrid zones to monitor species' responses to contemporary <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Monitoring hybrid zones provides insight into how range boundaries shift in response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> by illuminating the combined effects of species interactions and physiological sensitivity. At the same time, the semi-permeable nature of species boundaries allows us to document adaptive introgression of alleles associated with response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. PMID:25982153</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.9961T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.9961T"><span>The Copernicus <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Service (C3S): A European Answer to <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Thepaut, Jean-Noel</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Copernicus is the European Commission's flagship Earth observation programme that delivers freely accessible operational data and information services. ECMWF has been entrusted to operate two key parts of the Copernicus programme, which will bring a consistent standard to the measurement, forecasting and prediction of atmospheric conditions and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: • The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, CAMS, provides daily forecasts detailing the makeup composition of the atmosphere from the ground up to the stratosphere. • The Copernicus <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Service (C3S) (in development) will routinely monitor and analyse more than 20 essential <span class="hlt">climate</span> variables to build a global picture of our <span class="hlt">climate</span>, from the past to the future, as well as developing customisable <span class="hlt">climate</span> indicators for relevant economic sectors, such as energy, water management, agriculture, insurance, health…. C3S has now taken off and a number of proof-of-concept sectoral <span class="hlt">climate</span> services have been initiated. This paper will focus on the description and expected outcome of these proof-of-concept activities as well as the definition of a roadmap towards a fully operational European <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Service.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25498769','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25498769"><span>Adapting to the health impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in a sustainable manner.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hoy, Damian; Roth, Adam; Lepers, Christelle; Durham, Jo; Bell, Johann; Durand, Alexis; Lal, Padma Narsey; Souares, Yvan</p> <p>2014-12-11</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">climate</span> is <span class="hlt">changing</span> and this poses significant threats to human health. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is one of the greatest challenges facing Pacific Island countries and territories due to their unique geophysical features, and their social, economic and cultural characteristics. The Pacific region also faces challenges with widely dispersed populations, limited resources and fragmented health systems. Over the past few years, there has been a substantial increase in <span class="hlt">international</span> aid for health activities aimed at adapting to the threats of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. This funding needs to be used strategically to ensure an effective approach to reducing the health risk from <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Respecting the principles of development effectiveness will result in more effective and sustainable adaptation, in particular, 1) processes should be owned and driven by local communities, 2) investments should be aligned with existing national priorities and policies, and 3) existing systems must not be ignored, but rather expanded upon and reinforced.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3597248','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3597248"><span>Quantitative approaches in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> ecology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Brown, Christopher J; Schoeman, David S; Sydeman, William J; Brander, Keith; Buckley, Lauren B; Burrows, Michael; Duarte, Carlos M; Moore, Pippa J; Pandolfi, John M; Poloczanska, Elvira; Venables, William; Richardson, Anthony J</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Contemporary impacts of anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on ecosystems are increasingly being recognized. Documenting the extent of these impacts requires quantitative tools for analyses of ecological observations to distinguish <span class="hlt">climate</span> impacts in noisy data and to understand interactions between <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability and other drivers of <span class="hlt">change</span>. To assist the development of reliable statistical approaches, we review the marine <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> literature and provide suggestions for quantitative approaches in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> ecology. We compiled 267 peer-reviewed articles that examined relationships between <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and marine ecological variables. Of the articles with time series data (n = 186), 75% used statistics to test for a dependency of ecological variables on <span class="hlt">climate</span> variables. We identified several common weaknesses in statistical approaches, including marginalizing other important non-<span class="hlt">climate</span> drivers of <span class="hlt">change</span>, ignoring temporal and spatial autocorrelation, averaging across spatial patterns and not reporting key metrics. We provide a list of issues that need to be addressed to make inferences more defensible, including the consideration of (i) data limitations and the comparability of data sets; (ii) alternative mechanisms for <span class="hlt">change</span>; (iii) appropriate response variables; (iv) a suitable model for the process under study; (v) temporal autocorrelation; (vi) spatial autocorrelation and patterns; and (vii) the reporting of rates of <span class="hlt">change</span>. While the focus of our review was marine studies, these suggestions are equally applicable to terrestrial studies. Consideration of these suggestions will help advance global knowledge of <span class="hlt">climate</span> impacts and understanding of the processes driving ecological <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.A44B..03H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.A44B..03H"><span>The long view: Causes of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> over the instrumental period</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hegerl, G. C.; Schurer, A. P.; Polson, D.; Iles, C. E.; Bronnimann, S.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The period of instrumentally recorded data has seen remarkable <span class="hlt">changes</span> in <span class="hlt">climate</span>, with periods of rapid warming, and periods of stagnation or cooling. A recent analysis of the observed temperature <span class="hlt">change</span> from the instrumental record confirms that most of the warming recorded since the middle of the 20rst century has been caused by human influences, but shows large uncertainty in separating greenhouse gas from aerosol response if accounting for model uncertainty. The contribution by natural forcing and <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability to the recent warming is estimated to be small, but becomes more important when analysing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> over earlier or shorter time periods. For example, the enigmatic early 20th century warming was a period of strong <span class="hlt">climate</span> anomalies, including the US dustbowl drought and exceptional heat waves, and pronounced Arctic warming. Attribution results suggests that about half of the global warming 1901-1950 was forced by greenhouse gases increases, with an anomalously strong contribution by <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability, and contributions by natural forcing. Long term variations in circulation are important for some regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> anomalies. Precipitation is important for impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and precipitation <span class="hlt">changes</span> are uncertain in models. Analysis of the instrumental record suggests a human influence on mean and heavy precipitation, and supports <span class="hlt">climate</span> model estimates of the spatial pattern of precipitation sensitivity to warming. Broadly, and particularly over ocean, wet regions are getting wetter and dry regions are getting drier. In conclusion, the historical record provides evidence for a strong response to external forcings, supports <span class="hlt">climate</span> models, and raises questions about multi-decadal variability.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2854826','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2854826"><span>Lakes as sentinels of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Adrian, Rita; O’Reilly, Catherine M.; Zagarese, Horacio; Baines, Stephen B.; Hessen, Dag O.; Keller, Wendel; Livingstone, David M.; Sommaruga, Ruben; Straile, Dietmar; Van Donk, Ellen; Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.; Winder, Monika</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>While there is a general sense that lakes can act as sentinels of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, their efficacy has not been thoroughly analyzed. We identified the key response variables within a lake that act as indicators of the effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on both the lake and the catchment. These variables reflect a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span>. However, the efficacy of the different indicators is affected by regional response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, characteristics of the catchment, and lake mixing regimes. Thus, particular indicators or combinations of indicators are more effective for different lake types and geographic regions. The extraction of <span class="hlt">climate</span> signals can be further complicated by the influence of other environmental <span class="hlt">changes</span>, such as eutrophication or acidification, and the equivalent reverse phenomena, in addition to other land-use influences. In many cases, however, confounding factors can be addressed through analytical tools such as detrending or filtering. Lakes are effective sentinels for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> because they are sensitive to <span class="hlt">climate</span>, respond rapidly to <span class="hlt">change</span>, and integrate information about <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the catchment. PMID:20396409</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatCC...7..395S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatCC...7..395S"><span>Forest disturbances under <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Seidl, Rupert; Thom, Dominik; Kautz, Markus; Martin-Benito, Dario; Peltoniemi, Mikko; Vacchiano, Giorgio; Wild, Jan; Ascoli, Davide; Petr, Michal; Honkaniemi, Juha; Lexer, Manfred J.; Trotsiuk, Volodymyr; Mairota, Paola; Svoboda, Miroslav; Fabrika, Marek; Nagel, Thomas A.; Reyer, Christopher P. O.</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>Forest disturbances are sensitive to <span class="hlt">climate</span>. However, our understanding of disturbance dynamics in response to <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> remains incomplete, particularly regarding large-scale patterns, interaction effects and dampening feedbacks. Here we provide a global synthesis of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> effects on important abiotic (fire, drought, wind, snow and ice) and biotic (insects and pathogens) disturbance agents. Warmer and drier conditions particularly facilitate fire, drought and insect disturbances, while warmer and wetter conditions increase disturbances from wind and pathogens. Widespread interactions between agents are likely to amplify disturbances, while indirect <span class="hlt">climate</span> effects such as vegetation <span class="hlt">changes</span> can dampen long-term disturbance sensitivities to <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Future <span class="hlt">changes</span> in disturbance are likely to be most pronounced in coniferous forests and the boreal biome. We conclude that both ecosystems and society should be prepared for an increasingly disturbed future of forests.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5572641','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5572641"><span>Forest disturbances under <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Seidl, Rupert; Thom, Dominik; Kautz, Markus; Martin-Benito, Dario; Peltoniemi, Mikko; Vacchiano, Giorgio; Wild, Jan; Ascoli, Davide; Petr, Michal; Honkaniemi, Juha; Lexer, Manfred J.; Trotsiuk, Volodymyr; Mairota, Paola; Svoboda, Miroslav; Fabrika, Marek; Nagel, Thomas A.; Reyer, Christopher P. O.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Forest disturbances are sensitive to <span class="hlt">climate</span>. However, our understanding of disturbance dynamics in response to <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> remains incomplete, particularly regarding large-scale patterns, interaction effects and dampening feedbacks. Here we provide a global synthesis of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> effects on important abiotic (fire, drought, wind, snow and ice) and biotic (insects and pathogens) disturbance agents. Warmer and drier conditions particularly facilitate fire, drought and insect disturbances, while warmer and wetter conditions increase disturbances from wind and pathogens. Widespread interactions between agents are likely to amplify disturbances, while indirect <span class="hlt">climate</span> effects such as vegetation <span class="hlt">changes</span> can dampen long-term disturbance sensitivities to <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Future <span class="hlt">changes</span> in disturbance are likely to be most pronounced in coniferous forests and the boreal biome. We conclude that both ecosystems and society should be prepared for an increasingly disturbed future of forests. PMID:28861124</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..11.4784A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..11.4784A"><span>Regional <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Hotspots over Africa</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Anber, U.</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>Regional <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Index (RCCI), is developed based on regional mean precipitation <span class="hlt">change</span>, mean surface air temperature <span class="hlt">change</span>, and <span class="hlt">change</span> in precipitation and temperature interannual variability. The RCCI is a comparative index designed to identify the most responsive regions to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, or Hot- Spots. The RCCI is calculated for Seven land regions over North Africa and Arabian region from the latest set of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> projections by 14 global <span class="hlt">climates</span> for the A1B, A2 and B1 IPCC emission scenarios. The concept of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> can be approaches from the viewpoint of vulnerability or from that of <span class="hlt">climate</span> response. In the former case a Hot-Spot can be defined as a region for which potential <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts on the environment or different activity sectors can be particularly pronounced. In the other case, a Hot-Spot can be defined as a region whose <span class="hlt">climate</span> is especially responsive to global <span class="hlt">change</span>. In particular, the characterization of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> response-based Hot-Spot can provide key information to identify and investigate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> Hot-Spots based on results from multi-model ensemble of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> simulations performed by modeling groups from around the world as contributions to the Assessment Report of Intergovernmental Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (IPCC). A Regional <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Index (RCCI) is defined based on four variables: <span class="hlt">change</span> in regional mean surface air temperature relative to the global average temperature <span class="hlt">change</span> ( or Regional Warming Amplification Factor, RWAF ), <span class="hlt">change</span> in mean regional precipitation ( , of present day value ), <span class="hlt">change</span> in regional surface air temperature interannual variability ( ,of present day value), <span class="hlt">change</span> in regional precipitation interannual variability ( , of present day value ). In the definition of the RCCI it is important to include quantities other than mean <span class="hlt">change</span> because often mean <span class="hlt">changes</span> are not the only important factors for specific impacts. We thus also include inter annual</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21402799','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21402799"><span>Preventing disasters: public health vulnerability reduction as a sustainable adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Keim, Mark E</p> <p>2011-06-01</p> <p>Global warming could increase the number and severity of extreme weather events. These events are often known to result in public health disasters, but we can lessen the effects of these disasters. By addressing the factors that cause <span class="hlt">changes</span> in <span class="hlt">climate</span>, we can mitigate the effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. By addressing the factors that make society vulnerable to the effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span>, we can adapt to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. To adapt to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, a comprehensive approach to disaster risk reduction has been proposed. By reducing human vulnerability to disasters, we can lessen--and at times even prevent--their impact. Human vulnerability is a complex phenomenon that comprises social, economic, health, and cultural factors. Because public health is uniquely placed at the community level, it has the opportunity to lessen human vulnerability to <span class="hlt">climate</span>-related disasters. At the national and <span class="hlt">international</span> level, a supportive policy environment can enable local adaptation to disaster events. The purpose of this article is to introduce the basic concept of disaster risk reduction so that it can be applied to preventing and mitigating the negative effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and to examine the role of community-focused public health as a means for lessening human vulnerability and, as a result, the overall risk of <span class="hlt">climate</span>-related disasters.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20090019754&hterms=Change+climate&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3DChange%2Bclimate','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20090019754&hterms=Change+climate&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3DChange%2Bclimate"><span>Using Satellites to Understand <span class="hlt">Climate</span> and <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Fetzer, Eric</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>This viewgraph presentation reviews the measurement of <span class="hlt">climate</span> with the use of satellites. The basic greenhouse effect, Ice-albedo feedback, <span class="hlt">climate</span> models and observations, aerosol-cloud interactions, and the Antarctic are discussed, along with the human effect on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29595567','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29595567"><span>Integrating <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Into Nursing Curricula.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>McDermott-Levy, Ruth; Jackman-Murphy, Kathryn P; Leffers, Jeanne M; Jordan, Lisa</p> <p>2018-03-28</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is a significant threat to human health across the life cycle. Nurses play an important role in mitigation, adaptation, and resilience to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The use of health care resources, air quality and extreme heat, mental health, and natural disasters are major content areas across undergraduate nursing curricula that influence or are influenced by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Teaching strategies and resources are offered to prepare nursing students to address <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and human health.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=global+AND+carbon+AND+dioxide+AND+levels&id=EJ397123','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=global+AND+carbon+AND+dioxide+AND+levels&id=EJ397123"><span>Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Hall, Dorothy K.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>Discusses recent <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the Earth's <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Summarizes reports on <span class="hlt">changes</span> related to carbon dioxide, temperature, rain, sea level, and glaciers in polar areas. Describes the present effort to measure the <span class="hlt">changes</span>. Lists 16 references. (YP)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150021055','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150021055"><span>Interactions of Mean <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> and <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Variability on Food Security Extremes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ruane, Alexander C.; McDermid, Sonali; Mavromatis, Theodoros; Hudson, Nicholas; Morales, Monica; Simmons, John; Prabodha, Agalawatte; Ahmad, Ashfaq; Ahmad, Shakeel; Ahuja, Laj R.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Recognizing that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will affect agricultural systems both through mean <span class="hlt">changes</span> and through shifts in <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability and associated extreme events, we present preliminary analyses of <span class="hlt">climate</span> impacts from a network of 1137 crop modeling sites contributed to the AgMIP Coordinated <span class="hlt">Climate</span>-Crop Modeling Project (C3MP). At each site sensitivity tests were run according to a common protocol, which enables the fitting of crop model emulators across a range of carbon dioxide, temperature, and water (CTW) <span class="hlt">changes</span>. C3MP can elucidate several aspects of these <span class="hlt">changes</span> and quantify crop responses across a wide diversity of farming systems. Here we test the hypothesis that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and variability interact in three main ways. First, mean <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> can affect yields across an entire time period. Second, extreme events (when they do occur) may be more sensitive to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> than a year with normal <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Third, mean <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> can alter the likelihood of <span class="hlt">climate</span> extremes, leading to more frequent seasons with anomalies outside of the expected conditions for which management was designed. In this way, shifts in <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability can result in an increase or reduction of mean yield, as extreme <span class="hlt">climate</span> events tend to have lower yield than years with normal <span class="hlt">climate</span>.C3MP maize simulations across 126 farms reveal a clear indication and quantification (as response functions) of mean <span class="hlt">climate</span> impacts on mean yield and clearly show that mean <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> will directly affect the variability of yield. Yield reductions from increased <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability are not as clear as crop models tend to be less sensitive to dangers on the cool and wet extremes of <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability, likely underestimating losses from water-logging, floods, and frosts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Change+AND+climate&id=EJ1062401','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Change+AND+climate&id=EJ1062401"><span>A Model for Pre-Service Teachers' <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Awareness and Willingness to Act for Pro-<span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Friendly Behavior: Adaptation of Awareness to <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Questionnaire</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Dal, Burçkin; Alper, Umut; Özdem-Yilmaz, Yasemin; Öztürk, Nilay; Sönmez, Duygu</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Public awareness of the negative effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is vital since it leads to collective action for prevention and adaptation. However, investigations on to what extent people are aware of the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> issue are rare in the literature. The present study reported the adaptation process of awareness to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> questionnaire into…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24014154','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24014154"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> hotspots in the CMIP5 global <span class="hlt">climate</span> model ensemble.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Diffenbaugh, Noah S; Giorgi, Filippo</p> <p>2012-01-10</p> <p>We use a statistical metric of multi-dimensional <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> to quantify the emergence of global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> hotspots in the CMIP5 <span class="hlt">climate</span> model ensemble. Our hotspot metric extends previous work through the inclusion of extreme seasonal temperature and precipitation, which exert critical influence on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts. The results identify areas of the Amazon, the Sahel and tropical West Africa, Indonesia, and the Tibetan Plateau as persistent regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> hotspots throughout the 21 st century of the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 forcing pathways. In addition, areas of southern Africa, the Mediterranean, the Arctic, and Central America/western North America also emerge as prominent regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> hotspots in response to intermediate and high levels of forcing. Comparisons of different periods of the two forcing pathways suggest that the pattern of aggregate <span class="hlt">change</span> is fairly robust to the level of global warming below approximately 2°C of global warming (relative to the late-20 th -century baseline), but not at the higher levels of global warming that occur in the late-21 st -century period of the RCP8.5 pathway, with areas of southern Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Arctic exhibiting particular intensification of relative aggregate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in response to high levels of forcing. Although specific impacts will clearly be shaped by the interaction of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> with human and biological vulnerabilities, our identification of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> hotspots can help to inform mitigation and adaptation decisions by quantifying the rate, magnitude and causes of the aggregate <span class="hlt">climate</span> response in different parts of the world.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCC...8...79B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCC...8...79B"><span>Linking models of human behaviour and <span class="hlt">climate</span> alters projected <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Beckage, Brian; Gross, Louis J.; Lacasse, Katherine; Carr, Eric; Metcalf, Sara S.; Winter, Jonathan M.; Howe, Peter D.; Fefferman, Nina; Franck, Travis; Zia, Asim; Kinzig, Ann; Hoffman, Forrest M.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Although not considered in <span class="hlt">climate</span> models, perceived risk stemming from extreme <span class="hlt">climate</span> events may induce behavioural <span class="hlt">changes</span> that alter greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we link the C-ROADS <span class="hlt">climate</span> model to a social model of behavioural <span class="hlt">change</span> to examine how interactions between perceived risk and emissions behaviour influence projected <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Our coupled <span class="hlt">climate</span> and social model resulted in a global temperature <span class="hlt">change</span> ranging from 3.4-6.2 °C by 2100 compared with 4.9 °C for the C-ROADS model alone, and led to behavioural uncertainty that was of a similar magnitude to physical uncertainty (2.8 °C versus 3.5 °C). Model components with the largest influence on temperature were the functional form of response to extreme events, interaction of perceived behavioural control with perceived social norms, and behaviours leading to sustained emissions reductions. Our results suggest that policies emphasizing the appropriate attribution of extreme events to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and infrastructural mitigation may reduce <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> the most.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25471349','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25471349"><span>Natural versus anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: Swedish farmers' joint construction of <span class="hlt">climate</span> perceptions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Asplund, Therese</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>While previous research into understandings of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has usually examined general public perceptions, this study offers an audience-specific departure point. This article analyses how Swedish farmers perceive <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and how they jointly shape their understandings. The agricultural sector is of special interest because it both contributes to and is directly affected by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Through focus group discussions with Swedish farmers, this study finds that (1) farmers relate to and understand <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> through their own experiences, (2) <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is understood either as a natural process subject to little or no human influence or as anthropogenic and (3) various communication tools contribute to the formation of natural and anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> frames. The article ends by discussing frame resonance and frame clash in public understanding of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and by comparing potential similarities and differences in how various segments of the public make sense of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. © The Author(s) 2014.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/cre/being-prepared-climate-change-checklists-potential-climate-change-risks-step-3','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/cre/being-prepared-climate-change-checklists-potential-climate-change-risks-step-3"><span>Being Prepared for <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>: Checklists of Potential <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Risks, from Step 3</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The Being Prepared for <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> workbook is a guide for constructing a <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation plan based on identifying risks and their consequences. These checklists (from Step 3 of the workbook) help users identify risks.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=336636','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=336636"><span>Land degradation and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: building <span class="hlt">climate</span> resilience in agriculture</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Land degradation and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> pose enormous risks to global food security. Land degradation increases the vulnerability of agroecological systems to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and reduces the effectiveness of adaptation options. Yet these interactions have largely been omitted from <span class="hlt">climate</span> impact assessme...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16553315','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16553315"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, species-area curves and the extinction crisis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lewis, Owen T</p> <p>2006-01-29</p> <p>An article published in the journal Nature in January 2004-in which an <span class="hlt">international</span> team of biologists predicted that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> would, by 2050, doom 15-37% of the earth's species to extinction-attracted unprecedented, worldwide media attention. The predictions conflict with the conventional wisdom that habitat <span class="hlt">change</span> and modification are the most important causes of current and future extinctions. The new extinction projections come from applying a well-known ecological pattern, the species-area relationship (SAR), to data on the current distributions and <span class="hlt">climatic</span> requirements of 1103 species. Here, I examine the scientific basis to the claims made in the Nature article. I first highlight the potential and pitfalls of using the SAR to predict extinctions in general. I then consider the additional complications that arise when applying SAR methods specifically to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. I assess the extent to which these issues call into question predictions of extinctions from <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> relative to other human impacts, and highlight a danger that conservation resources will be directed away from attempts to slow and mitigate the continuing effects of habitat destruction and degradation, particularly in the tropics. I suggest that the most useful contributions of ecologists over the coming decades will be in partitioning likely extinctions among interacting causes and identifying the practical means to slow the rate of species loss.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=300912&keyword=mit&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=300912&keyword=mit&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Evaluating the Contribution of Natural Variability and <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Model Response to Uncertainty in Projections of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Impacts on U.S. Air Quality</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>We examine the effects of <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability and model response in projections of <span class="hlt">climate</span> impacts on U.S. ground-level ozone across the 21st century using integrated global system modeling and global atmospheric chemistry simulations. The impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on air polluti...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27856085','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27856085"><span>The Lancet Countdown: tracking progress on health and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Watts, Nick; Adger, W Neil; Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja; Bai, Yuqi; Byass, Peter; Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid; Colbourn, Tim; Cox, Peter; Davies, Michael; Depledge, Michael; Depoux, Anneliese; Dominguez-Salas, Paula; Drummond, Paul; Ekins, Paul; Flahault, Antoine; Grace, Delia; Graham, Hilary; Haines, Andy; Hamilton, Ian; Johnson, Anne; Kelman, Ilan; Kovats, Sari; Liang, Lu; Lott, Melissa; Lowe, Robert; Luo, Yong; Mace, Georgina; Maslin, Mark; Morrissey, Karyn; Murray, Kris; Neville, Tara; Nilsson, Maria; Oreszczyn, Tadj; Parthemore, Christine; Pencheon, David; Robinson, Elizabeth; Schütte, Stefanie; Shumake-Guillemot, Joy; Vineis, Paolo; Wilkinson, Paul; Wheeler, Nicola; Xu, Bing; Yang, Jun; Yin, Yongyuan; Yu, Chaoqing; Gong, Peng; Montgomery, Hugh; Costello, Anthony</p> <p>2017-03-18</p> <p>The Lancet Countdown: tracking progress on health and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is an <span class="hlt">international</span>, multidisciplinary research collaboration between academic institutions and practitioners across the world. It follows on from the work of the 2015 Lancet Commission, which concluded that the response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> could be "the greatest global health opportunity of the 21st century". The Lancet Countdown aims to track the health impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> hazards; health resilience and adaptation; health co-benefits of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> mitigation; economics and finance; and political and broader engagement. These focus areas form the five thematic working groups of the Lancet Countdown and represent different aspects of the complex association between health and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. These thematic groups will provide indicators for a global overview of health and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>; national case studies highlighting countries leading the way or going against the trend; and engagement with a range of stakeholders. The Lancet Countdown ultimately aims to report annually on a series of indicators across these five working groups. This paper outlines the potential indicators and indicator domains to be tracked by the collaboration, with suggestions on the methodologies and datasets available to achieve this end. The proposed indicator domains require further refinement, and mark the beginning of an ongoing consultation process-from November, 2016 to early 2017-to develop these domains, identify key areas not currently covered, and <span class="hlt">change</span> indicators where necessary. This collaboration will actively seek to engage with existing monitoring processes, such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals and WHO's <span class="hlt">climate</span> and health country profiles. The indicators will also evolve over time through ongoing collaboration with experts and a range of stakeholders, and be dependent on the emergence of new evidence and knowledge. During the course of its work, the Lancet Countdown will adopt a collaborative and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23569231','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23569231"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, wine, and conservation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hannah, Lee; Roehrdanz, Patrick R; Ikegami, Makihiko; Shepard, Anderson V; Shaw, M Rebecca; Tabor, Gary; Zhi, Lu; Marquet, Pablo A; Hijmans, Robert J</p> <p>2013-04-23</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is expected to impact ecosystems directly, such as through shifting <span class="hlt">climatic</span> controls on species ranges, and indirectly, for example through <span class="hlt">changes</span> in human land use that may result in habitat loss. Shifting patterns of agricultural production in response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> have received little attention as a potential impact pathway for ecosystems. Wine grape production provides a good test case for measuring indirect impacts mediated by <span class="hlt">changes</span> in agriculture, because viticulture is sensitive to <span class="hlt">climate</span> and is concentrated in Mediterranean <span class="hlt">climate</span> regions that are global biodiversity hotspots. Here we demonstrate that, on a global scale, the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on viticultural suitability are substantial, leading to possible conservation conflicts in land use and freshwater ecosystems. Area suitable for viticulture decreases 25% to 73% in major wine producing regions by 2050 in the higher RCP 8.5 concentration pathway and 19% to 62% in the lower RCP 4.5. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> may cause establishment of vineyards at higher elevations that will increase impacts on upland ecosystems and may lead to conversion of natural vegetation as production shifts to higher latitudes in areas such as western North America. Attempts to maintain wine grape productivity and quality in the face of warming may be associated with increased water use for irrigation and to cool grapes through misting or sprinkling, creating potential for freshwater conservation impacts. Agricultural adaptation and conservation efforts are needed that anticipate these multiple possible indirect effects.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3637704','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3637704"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, wine, and conservation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hannah, Lee; Roehrdanz, Patrick R.; Ikegami, Makihiko; Shepard, Anderson V.; Shaw, M. Rebecca; Tabor, Gary; Zhi, Lu; Marquet, Pablo A.; Hijmans, Robert J.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is expected to impact ecosystems directly, such as through shifting <span class="hlt">climatic</span> controls on species ranges, and indirectly, for example through <span class="hlt">changes</span> in human land use that may result in habitat loss. Shifting patterns of agricultural production in response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> have received little attention as a potential impact pathway for ecosystems. Wine grape production provides a good test case for measuring indirect impacts mediated by <span class="hlt">changes</span> in agriculture, because viticulture is sensitive to <span class="hlt">climate</span> and is concentrated in Mediterranean <span class="hlt">climate</span> regions that are global biodiversity hotspots. Here we demonstrate that, on a global scale, the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on viticultural suitability are substantial, leading to possible conservation conflicts in land use and freshwater ecosystems. Area suitable for viticulture decreases 25% to 73% in major wine producing regions by 2050 in the higher RCP 8.5 concentration pathway and 19% to 62% in the lower RCP 4.5. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> may cause establishment of vineyards at higher elevations that will increase impacts on upland ecosystems and may lead to conversion of natural vegetation as production shifts to higher latitudes in areas such as western North America. Attempts to maintain wine grape productivity and quality in the face of warming may be associated with increased water use for irrigation and to cool grapes through misting or sprinkling, creating potential for freshwater conservation impacts. Agricultural adaptation and conservation efforts are needed that anticipate these multiple possible indirect effects. PMID:23569231</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMGC12A..03H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMGC12A..03H"><span>Biophysical and Economic Uncertainty in the Analysis of Poverty Impacts of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hertel, T. W.; Lobell, D. B.; Verma, M.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>This paper seeks to understand the main sources of uncertainty in assessing the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on agricultural output, <span class="hlt">international</span> trade, and poverty. We incorporate biophysical uncertainty by sampling from a distribution of global <span class="hlt">climate</span> model predictions for temperature and precipitation for 2050. The implications of these realizations for crop yields around the globe are estimated using the recently published statistical crop yield functions provided by Lobell, Schlenker and Costa-Roberts (2011). By comparing these yields to those predicted under current <span class="hlt">climate</span>, we obtain the likely <span class="hlt">change</span> in crop yields owing to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The economic uncertainty in our analysis relates to the response of the global economic system to these biophysical shocks. We use a modified version of the GTAP model to elicit the impact of the biophysical shocks on global patterns of production, consumption, trade and poverty. Uncertainty in these responses is reflected in the econometrically estimated parameters governing the responsiveness of <span class="hlt">international</span> trade, consumption, production (and hence the intensive margin of supply response), and factor supplies (which govern the extensive margin of supply response). We sample from the distributions of these parameters as specified by Hertel et al. (2007) and Keeney and Hertel (2009). We find that, even though it is difficult to predict where in the world agricultural crops will be favorably affected by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, the responses of economic variables, including output and exports can be far more robust (Table 1). This is due to the fact that supply and demand decisions depend on relative prices, and relative prices depend on productivity <span class="hlt">changes</span> relative to other crops in a given region, or relative to similar crops in other parts of the world. We also find that uncertainty in poverty impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> appears to be almost entirely driven by biophysical uncertainty.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=331173&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=solomon+AND+research&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=331173&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=solomon+AND+research&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Managing <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Refugia for <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Adaptation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The concept of refugia has long been studied from theoretical and paleontological perspectives to understand how populations persisted during past periods of unfavorable <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Recently, researchers have applied the idea to contemporary landscapes to identify <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> ref...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMIN13A1096L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMIN13A1096L"><span>Advancing <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> and Impacts Science Through <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Informatics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lenhardt, W.; Pouchard, L. C.; King, A. W.; Branstetter, M. L.; Kao, S.; Wang, D.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>This poster will outline the work to date on developing a <span class="hlt">climate</span> informatics capability at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The central proposition of this effort is that the application of informatics and information science to the domain of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science is an essential means to bridge the realm of high performance computing (HPC) and domain science. The goal is to facilitate knowledge capture and the creation of new scientific insights. For example, a <span class="hlt">climate</span> informatics capability will help with the understanding and use of model results in domain sciences that were not originally in the scope. From there, HPC can also benefit from feedback as the new approaches may lead to better parameterization in the models. In this poster we will summarize the challenges associated with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science that can benefit from the systematic application of informatics and we will highlight our work to date in creating the <span class="hlt">climate</span> informatics capability to address these types of challenges. We have identified three areas that are particularly challenging in the context of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science: 1) integrating model and observational data across different spatial and temporal scales, 2) model linkages, i.e. <span class="hlt">climate</span> models linked to other models such as hydrologic models, and 3) model diagnostics. Each of these has a methodological component and an informatics component. Our project under way at ORNL seeks to develop new approaches and tools in the context of linking <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and water issues. We are basing our work on the following four use cases: 1) Evaluation/test of CCSM4 biases in hydrology (precipitation, soil water, runoff, river discharge) over the Rio Grande Basin. User: <span class="hlt">climate</span> modeler. 2) Investigation of projected <span class="hlt">changes</span> in hydrology of Rio Grande Basin using the VIC (Variable Infiltration Capacity Macroscale) Hydrologic Model. User: watershed hydrologist/modeler. 3) Impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on agricultural productivity of the Rio Grande</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PhyW...21k..13B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PhyW...21k..13B"><span>Virgin's Knight tackles <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Banks, Michael</p> <p>2008-11-01</p> <p>"There is no greater or more immediate challenge than that posed by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>," said Sir Richard Branson, chairman of the Virgin group, via video-link at the 59th <span class="hlt">International</span> Astronautical Congress (IAC) held in Glasgow in the UK at the end of September. That grand statement may seem like a lot of hot air for the entrepreneur best known for his attempt to circumnavigate the globe by balloon. But Branson went on to reveal that Virgin Galactic, which aims to fly passengers 100 km into space for 200 000 per trip, will also provide room on its craft for a series of scientific experiments to study the Earth's atmosphere.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26458303','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26458303"><span>The integration of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, spatial dynamics, and habitat fragmentation: A conceptual overview.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Holyoak, Marcel; Heath, Sacha K</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>A growing number of studies have looked at how <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> alters the effects of habitat fragmentation and degradation on both single and multiple species; some raise concern that biodiversity loss and its effects will be exacerbated. The published literature on spatial dynamics (such as dispersal and metapopulation dynamics), habitat fragmentation and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> requires synthesis and a conceptual framework to simplify thinking. We propose a framework that integrates how <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> affects spatial population dynamics and the effects of habitat fragmentation in terms of: (i) habitat quality, quantity and distribution; (ii) habitat connectivity; and (iii) the dynamics of habitat itself. We use the framework to categorize existing autecological studies and investigate how each is affected by anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. It is clear that a <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> produces <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the geographic distribution of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> conditions, and the amount and quality of habitat. The most thorough published studies show how such <span class="hlt">changes</span> impact metapopulation persistence, source-sink dynamics, <span class="hlt">changes</span> in species' geographic range and community composition. <span class="hlt">Climate</span>-related <span class="hlt">changes</span> in movement behavior and quantity, quality and distribution of habitat have also produced empirical <span class="hlt">changes</span> in habitat connectivity for some species. An underexplored area is how habitat dynamics that are driven by <span class="hlt">climatic</span> processes will affect species that live in dynamic habitats. We end our discussion by suggesting ways to improve current attempts to integrate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, spatial population dynamics and habitat fragmentation effects, and suggest distinct areas of study that might provide opportunities for more fully integrative work. © 2015 <span class="hlt">International</span> Society of Zoological Sciences, Institute of Zoology/Chinese Academy of Sciences and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23185568','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23185568"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: believing and seeing implies adapting.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Blennow, Kristina; Persson, Johannes; Tomé, Margarida; Hanewinkel, Marc</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Knowledge of factors that trigger human response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is crucial for effective <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> policy communication. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has been claimed to have low salience as a risk issue because it cannot be directly experienced. Still, personal factors such as strength of belief in local effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> have been shown to correlate strongly with responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and there is a growing literature on the hypothesis that personal experience of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> (and/or its effects) explains responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Here we provide, using survey data from 845 private forest owners operating in a wide range of bio-<span class="hlt">climatic</span> as well as economic-social-political structures in a latitudinal gradient across Europe, the first evidence that the personal strength of belief and perception of local effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, highly significantly explain human responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. A logistic regression model was fitted to the two variables, estimating expected probabilities ranging from 0.07 (SD ± 0.01) to 0.81 (SD ± 0.03) for self-reported adaptive measures taken. Adding socio-demographic variables improved the fit, estimating expected probabilities ranging from 0.022 (SD ± 0.008) to 0.91 (SD ± 0.02). We conclude that to explain and predict adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, the combination of personal experience and belief must be considered.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3125232','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3125232"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability: personal motivation for adaptation and mitigation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Background Global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts on human and natural systems are predicted to be severe, far reaching, and to affect the most physically and economically vulnerable disproportionately. Society can respond to these threats through two strategies: mitigation and adaptation. Industry, commerce, and government play indispensable roles in these actions but so do individuals, if they are receptive to behavior <span class="hlt">change</span>. We explored whether the health frame can be used as a context to motivate behavioral reductions of greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation measures. Methods In 2008, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in the United States using random digit dialing. Personal relevance of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> from health threats was explored with the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a conceptual frame and analyzed through logistic regressions and path analysis. Results Of 771 individuals surveyed, 81% (n = 622) acknowledged that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> was occurring, and were aware of the associated ecologic and human health risks. Respondents reported reduced energy consumption if they believed <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> could affect their way of life (perceived susceptibility), Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.4 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.4 - 4.0), endanger their life (perceived severity), OR = 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1 - 3.1), or saw serious barriers to protecting themselves from <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, OR = 2.1 (95% CI: 1.2 - 3.5). Perceived susceptibility had the strongest effect on reduced energy consumption, either directly or indirectly via perceived severity. Those that reported having the necessary information to prepare for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts were more likely to have an emergency kit OR = 2.1 (95% CI: 1.4 - 3.1) or plan, OR = 2.2 (95% CI: 1.5 -3.2) for their household, but also saw serious barriers to protecting themselves from <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> or <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability, either by having an emergency kit OR = 1.6 (95% CI: 1.1 - 2.4) or an emergency plan OR = 1.5 (95%CI: 1.0 - 2.2). Conclusions Motivation for</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21600004','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21600004"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability: personal motivation for adaptation and mitigation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Semenza, Jan C; Ploubidis, George B; George, Linda A</p> <p>2011-05-21</p> <p>Global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts on human and natural systems are predicted to be severe, far reaching, and to affect the most physically and economically vulnerable disproportionately. Society can respond to these threats through two strategies: mitigation and adaptation. Industry, commerce, and government play indispensable roles in these actions but so do individuals, if they are receptive to behavior <span class="hlt">change</span>. We explored whether the health frame can be used as a context to motivate behavioral reductions of greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation measures. In 2008, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in the United States using random digit dialing. Personal relevance of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> from health threats was explored with the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a conceptual frame and analyzed through logistic regressions and path analysis. Of 771 individuals surveyed, 81% (n = 622) acknowledged that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> was occurring, and were aware of the associated ecologic and human health risks. Respondents reported reduced energy consumption if they believed <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> could affect their way of life (perceived susceptibility), Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.4 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.4-4.0), endanger their life (perceived severity), OR = 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1-3.1), or saw serious barriers to protecting themselves from <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, OR = 2.1 (95% CI: 1.2-3.5). Perceived susceptibility had the strongest effect on reduced energy consumption, either directly or indirectly via perceived severity. Those that reported having the necessary information to prepare for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts were more likely to have an emergency kit OR = 2.1 (95% CI: 1.4-3.1) or plan, OR = 2.2 (95% CI: 1.5-3.2) for their household, but also saw serious barriers to protecting themselves from <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> or <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability, either by having an emergency kit OR = 1.6 (95% CI: 1.1-2.4) or an emergency plan OR = 1.5 (95%CI: 1.0-2.2). Motivation for voluntary mitigation is mostly dependent on</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFMED11D1122R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFMED11D1122R"><span>What About Sea Ice? People, animals, and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in the polar regions: An online resource for the <span class="hlt">International</span> Polar Year and beyond</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Renfrow, S.; Meier, W. N.; Wolfe, J.; Scott, D.; Leon, A.; Weaver, R.</p> <p>2005-12-01</p> <p>Decreasing Arctic sea ice has been one of the most noticeable <span class="hlt">changes</span> on Earth over the past quarter-century. The years 2002 through 2005 have had much lower summer sea ice extents than the long-term (1979-2000). Reduced sea ice extent has a direct impact on Arctic wildlife and people, as well as ramifications for regional and global <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Students, educators, and the general public want and need to have a better understanding of sea ice. Most of us are unfamiliar with sea ice: what it is, where it occurs, and how it affects global <span class="hlt">climate</span>. The upcoming <span class="hlt">International</span> Polar Year will provide an opportunity for the public to learn about sea ice. Here, we provide an overview of sea ice, the <span class="hlt">changes</span> that the sea ice is undergoing, and information about the relation between sea ice and <span class="hlt">climate</span>. The information presented here is condensed from the National Snow and Ice Data Center's new 'All About Sea Ice' Web site (http://www.nsidc.org/seaice/), a comprehensive resource of information for sea ice.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMED53G..02R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMED53G..02R"><span>Serious Simulation Role-Playing Games for Transformative <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Education: "World <span class="hlt">Climate</span>" and "Future <span class="hlt">Climate</span>"</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rooney-Varga, J. N.; Sterman, J.; Sawin, E.; Jones, A.; Merhi, H.; Hunt, C.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, its mitigation, and adaption to its impacts are among the greatest challenges of our times. Despite the importance of societal decisions in determining <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> outcomes, flawed mental models about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> remain widespread, are often deeply entrenched, and present significant barriers to understanding and decision-making around <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Here, we describe two simulation role-playing games that combine active, affective, and analytical learning to enable shifts of deeply held conceptions about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The games, World <span class="hlt">Climate</span> and Future <span class="hlt">Climate</span>, use a state-of-the-art decision support simulation, C-ROADS (<span class="hlt">Climate</span> Rapid Overview and Decision Support) to provide users with immediate feedback on the outcomes of their mitigation strategies at the national level, including global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and concentrations, mean temperature <span class="hlt">changes</span>, sea level rise, and ocean acidification. C-ROADS outcomes are consistent with the atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMS), such as those used by the IPCC, but runs in less than one second on ordinary laptops, providing immediate feedback to participants on the consequences of their proposed policies. Both World <span class="hlt">Climate</span> and Future <span class="hlt">Climate</span> role-playing games provide immersive, situated learning experiences that motivate active engagement with <span class="hlt">climate</span> science and policy. In World <span class="hlt">Climate</span>, participants play the role of United Nations <span class="hlt">climate</span> treaty negotiators. Participant emissions reductions proposals are continually assessed through interactive exploration of the best available science through C-ROADS. Future <span class="hlt">Climate</span> focuses on time delays in the <span class="hlt">climate</span> and energy systems. Participants play the roles of three generations: today's policymakers, today's youth, and 'just born.' The game unfolds in three rounds 25 simulated years apart. In the first round, only today's policymakers make decisions; In the next round, the young become the policymakers and inherit the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24805920','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24805920"><span>Applying a Comprehensive Contextual <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Vulnerability Framework to New Zealand's Tourism Industry.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hopkins, Debbie</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>Conceptualisations of 'vulnerability' vary amongst scholarly communities, contributing to a wide variety of applications. Research investigating vulnerability to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has often excluded non-<span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> which may contribute to degrees of vulnerability perceived or experienced. This paper introduces a comprehensive contextual vulnerability framework which incorporates physical, social, economic and political factors which could amplify or reduce vulnerability. The framework is applied to New Zealand's tourism industry to explore its value in interpreting a complex, human-natural environment system with multiple competing vulnerabilities. The comprehensive contextual framework can inform government policy and industry decision making, integrating understandings of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> within the broader context of <span class="hlt">internal</span> and external social, physical, economic, and institutional stressors.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMPA41A..04L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMPA41A..04L"><span>America's <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Choices: Informing an Effective Response to <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (Invited)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Liverman, D. M.; McConnell, M. C.; Raven, P.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>At the request of Congress, the National Academy of Sciences convened a series of coordinated activities to provide advice on actions and strategies that the nation can take to respond to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. As part of this suite of activities, this study examines information needs and recommends ways the federal government can better inform responses by enhancing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and greenhouse gas information and reporting systems and by improving <span class="hlt">climate</span> communication and education. Demand for better information to support <span class="hlt">climate</span>-related decisions has grown rapidly as people, organizations, and governments have moved ahead with plans and actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to adapt to the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. To meet this demand, good information systems and services are needed. Without such systems, decision makers cannot evaluate whether particular policies and actions are achieving their goals or should be modified. Although the many non-federal efforts to reduce emissions and/or adapt to future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> carry considerable potential to reduce risks related to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, there is currently no comprehensive way to assess the effectiveness of those efforts. In addition, the diverse <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> responses to date have resulted in a patchwork of regional, state, and local policies that has prompted many state and business leaders to call for the development of a more predictable and coherent policy environment at the federal level. This report demonstrates that the nation lacks comprehensive, robust, and credible information and reporting systems to inform <span class="hlt">climate</span> choices and evaluate their effectiveness. This report also argues that decision makers can benefit from a systematic and iterative framework for responding to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, in which decisions and policies can be revised in light of new information and experience and that improved information and reporting systems allow for ongoing evaluation of responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> risks. The</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/41165','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/41165"><span><span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>, <span class="hlt">changing</span> forests: the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on forests of the northeastern United States and eastern Canada</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Rustad, Lindsey; Campbell, John; Dukes, Jeffrey S.; Huntington, Thomas; Lambert, Kathy Fallon; Mohan, Jacqueline; Rodenhouse, Nicholas</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Decades of study on <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and its direct and indirect effects on forest ecosystems provide important insights for forest science, management, and policy. A synthesis of recent research from the northeastern United States and eastern Canada shows that the <span class="hlt">climate</span> of the region has become warmer and wetter over the past 100 years and that there are more extreme precipitation events. Greater <span class="hlt">change</span> is projected in the future. The amount of projected future <span class="hlt">change</span> depends on the emissions scenarios used. Tree species composition of northeast forests has shifted slowly in response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> for thousands of years. However, current human-accelerated <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is much more rapid and it is unclear how forests will respond to large <span class="hlt">changes</span> in suitable habitat. Projections indicate significant declines in suitable habitat for spruce-fir forests and expansion of suitable habitat for oak-dominated forests. Productivity gains that might result from extended growing seasons and carbon dioxide and nitrogen fertilization may be offset by productivity losses associated with the disruption of species assemblages and concurrent stresses associated with potential increases in atmospheric deposition of pollutants, forest fragmentation, and nuisance species. Investigations of links to water and nutrient cycling suggest that <span class="hlt">changes</span> in evapotranspiration, soil respiration, and mineralization rates could result in significant alterations of key ecosystem processes. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> affects the distribution and abundance of many wildlife species in the region through <span class="hlt">changes</span> in habitat, food availability, thermal tolerances, species interactions such as competition, and susceptibility to parasites and disease. Birds are the most studied northeastern taxa. Twenty-seven of the 38 bird species for which we have adequate long-term records have expanded their ranges predominantly in a northward direction. There is some evidence to suggest that novel species, including pests and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011EOSTr..92R.455S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011EOSTr..92R.455S"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> portal established</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Showstack, Randy</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>The World Bank has developed a <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Knowledge Portal as a kind of “onestop shop” for <span class="hlt">climate</span>-related information, data, and tools. The portal provides access to global, regional, and national data and reports with an aim to providing a resource for learning about <span class="hlt">climate</span> information and increasing knowledge on <span class="hlt">climate</span> change—related actions. For more information, see http://sdwebx.worldbank.org/climateportal/.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26053628','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26053628"><span>U.S. Air Quality and Health Benefits from Avoided <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> under Greenhouse Gas Mitigation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Garcia-Menendez, Fernando; Saari, Rebecca K; Monier, Erwan; Selin, Noelle E</p> <p>2015-07-07</p> <p>We evaluate the impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on U.S. air quality and health in 2050 and 2100 using a global modeling framework and integrated economic, <span class="hlt">climate</span>, and air pollution projections. Three <span class="hlt">internally</span> consistent socioeconomic scenarios are used to value health benefits of greenhouse gas mitigation policies specifically derived from slowing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Our projections suggest that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, exclusive of <span class="hlt">changes</span> in air pollutant emissions, can significantly impact ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution across the U.S. and increase associated health effects. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> policy can substantially reduce these impacts, and <span class="hlt">climate</span>-related air pollution health benefits alone can offset a significant fraction of mitigation costs. We find that in contrast to cobenefits from reductions to coemitted pollutants, the <span class="hlt">climate</span>-induced air quality benefits of policy increase with time and are largest between 2050 and 2100. Our projections also suggest that increasing <span class="hlt">climate</span> policy stringency beyond a certain degree may lead to diminishing returns relative to its cost. However, our results indicate that the air quality impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> are substantial and should be considered by cost-benefit <span class="hlt">climate</span> policy analyses.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009E%26ES....8a2002G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009E%26ES....8a2002G"><span>Considering WTO law in the design of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> regimes beyond Kyoto</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gaines, Sanford E.</p> <p>2009-11-01</p> <p>This article describes the most important provisions of World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements that should be considered in designing laws and regulations under likely post-Kyoto <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> mitigation regimes. The Kyoto Protocol and the expected post-Kyoto <span class="hlt">international</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> agreement depend on national measures to implement market-based mitigation measures. This market strategy promotes <span class="hlt">international</span> exchanges of goods, investments, and services such as cross-border trading of credits for emissions reductions and transnational financing for projects that avoid emissions through the Clean Development Mechanism. Moreover, the United States and other countries, concerned over "leakage" of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through relocation of industry to other countries coupled with political worry over manufacturing competitiveness, have proposed national <span class="hlt">climate</span> legislation containing border adjustments on imported goods or implicit subsidies for national producers, raising additional WTO considerations. The article assesses the likely effectiveness of such trade-related measures in achieving <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> mitigation goals and the potential trade policy infringements and trade distortions that they might bring about. Alternative strategies for achieving GHG mitigation goals in closer conformity with WTO law and policy will be suggested.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26910940','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26910940"><span>Western water and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dettinger, Michael; Udall, Bradley; Georgakakos, Aris</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The western United States is a region long defined by water challenges. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adds to those historical challenges, but does not, for the most part, introduce entirely new challenges; rather <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is likely to stress water supplies and resources already in many cases stretched to, or beyond, natural limits. Projections are for continued and, likely, increased warming trends across the region, with a near certainty of continuing <span class="hlt">changes</span> in seasonality of snowmelt and streamflows, and a strong potential for attendant increases in evaporative demands. Projections of future precipitation are less conclusive, although likely the northern-most West will see precipitation increases while the southernmost West sees declines. However, most of the region lies in a broad area where some <span class="hlt">climate</span> models project precipitation increases while others project declines, so that only increases in precipitation uncertainties can be projected with any confidence. <span class="hlt">Changes</span> in annual and seasonal hydrographs are likely to challenge water managers, users, and attempts to protect or restore environmental flows, even where annual volumes <span class="hlt">change</span> little. Other impacts from <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> (e.g., floods and water-quality <span class="hlt">changes</span>) are poorly understood and will likely be location dependent. In this context, four iconic river basins offer glimpses into specific challenges that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> may bring to the West. The Colorado River is a system in which overuse and growing demands are projected to be even more challenging than <span class="hlt">climate-change</span>-induced flow reductions. The Rio Grande offers the best example of how <span class="hlt">climate-change</span>-induced flow declines might sink a major system into permanent drought. The Klamath is currently projected to face the more benign precipitation future, but fisheries and irrigation management may face dire straits due to warming air temperatures, rising irrigation demands, and warming waters in a basin already hobbled by tensions between endangered fisheries</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14558908','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14558908"><span>The economics of abrupt <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Perrings, Charles</p> <p>2003-09-15</p> <p>The US National Research Council defines abrupt <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as a <span class="hlt">change</span> of state that is sufficiently rapid and sufficiently widespread in its effects that economies are unprepared or incapable of adapting. This may be too restrictive a definition, but abrupt <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> does have implications for the choice between the main response options: mitigation (which reduces the risks of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>) and adaptation (which reduces the costs of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>). The paper argues that by (i) increasing the costs of <span class="hlt">change</span> and the potential growth of consumption, and (ii) reducing the time to <span class="hlt">change</span>, abrupt <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> favours mitigation over adaptation. Furthermore, because the implications of <span class="hlt">change</span> are fundamentally uncertain and potentially very high, it favours a precautionary approach in which mitigation buys time for learning. Adaptation-oriented decision tools, such as scenario planning, are inappropriate in these circumstances. Hence learning implies the use of probabilistic models that include socioeconomic feedbacks.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17967923','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17967923"><span>Global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and children's health.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shea, Katherine M</p> <p>2007-11-01</p> <p>There is broad scientific consensus that Earth's <span class="hlt">climate</span> is warming rapidly and at an accelerating rate. Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels, are very likely (>90% probability) to be the main cause of this warming. <span class="hlt">Climate</span>-sensitive <span class="hlt">changes</span> in ecosystems are already being observed, and fundamental, potentially irreversible, ecological <span class="hlt">changes</span> may occur in the coming decades. Conservative environmental estimates of the impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> that are already in process indicate that they will result in numerous health effects to children. The nature and extent of these <span class="hlt">changes</span> will be greatly affected by actions taken or not taken now at the global level. Physicians have written on the projected effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on public health, but little has been written specifically on anticipated effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on children's health. Children represent a particularly vulnerable group that is likely to suffer disproportionately from both direct and indirect adverse health effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Pediatric health care professionals should understand these threats, anticipate their effects on children's health, and participate as children's advocates for strong mitigation and adaptation strategies now. Any solutions that address <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> must be developed within the context of overall sustainability (the use of resources by the current generation to meet current needs while ensuring that future generations will be able to meet their needs). Pediatric health care professionals can be leaders in a move away from a traditional focus on disease prevention to a broad, integrated focus on sustainability as synonymous with health. This policy statement is supported by a technical report that examines in some depth the nature of the problem of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, likely effects on children's health as a result of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and the critical importance of responding promptly and aggressively to reduce activities that are contributing to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26504134','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26504134"><span>Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> and Children's Health.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ahdoot, Samantha; Pacheco, Susan E</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>Rising global temperature is causing major physical, chemical, and ecological <span class="hlt">changes</span> across the planet. There is wide consensus among scientific organizations and climatologists that these broad effects, known as <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, are the result of contemporary human activity. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> poses threats to human health, safety, and security. Children are uniquely vulnerable to these threats. The effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on child health include physical and psychological sequelae of weather disasters, increased heat stress, decreased air quality, altered disease patterns of some <span class="hlt">climate</span>-sensitive infections, and food, water, and nutrient insecurity in vulnerable regions. Prompt implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies will protect children against worsening of the problem and its associated health effects. This technical report reviews the nature of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and its associated child health effects and supports the recommendations in the accompanying policy statement on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and children's health. Copyright © 2015 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ERL....12d4007M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ERL....12d4007M"><span>Influence of <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability on population exposure to hydroclimatic <span class="hlt">changes</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mankin, Justin S.; Viviroli, Daniel; Mekonnen, Mesfin M.; Hoekstra, Arjen Y.; Horton, Radley M.; E Smerdon, Jason; Diffenbaugh, Noah S.</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Future freshwater supply, human water demand, and people’s exposure to water stress are subject to multiple sources of uncertainty, including unknown future pathways of fossil fuel and water consumption, and ‘irreducible’ uncertainty arising from <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> system variability. Such <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability can conceal forced hydroclimatic <span class="hlt">changes</span> on multi-decadal timescales and near-continental spatial-scales. Using three projections of population growth, a large ensemble from a single Earth system model, and assuming stationary per capita water consumption, we quantify the likelihoods of future population exposure to increased hydroclimatic deficits, which we define as the average duration and magnitude by which evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation in a basin. We calculate that by 2060, ∽31%-35% of the global population will be exposed to >50% probability of hydroclimatic deficit increases that exceed existing hydrological storage, with up to 9% of people exposed to >90% probability. However, <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability, which is an irreducible uncertainty in <span class="hlt">climate</span> model predictions that is under-sampled in water resource projections, creates substantial uncertainty in predicted exposure: ∽86%-91% of people will reside where irreducible uncertainty spans the potential for both increases and decreases in sub-annual water deficits. In one population scenario, <span class="hlt">changes</span> in exposure to large hydroclimate deficits vary from -3% to +6% of global population, a range arising entirely from <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability. The uncertainty in risk arising from irreducible uncertainty in the precise pattern of hydroclimatic <span class="hlt">change</span>, which is typically conflated with other uncertainties in projections, is critical for <span class="hlt">climate</span> risk management that seeks to optimize adaptations that are robust to the full set of potential real-world outcomes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/46955','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/46955"><span>Synopsis of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Angela Jardine; Jonathan Long</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Changes</span> in <span class="hlt">climate</span> can interact with other stressors to transform ecosystems and alter the services those ecosystems provide. This synopsis presents themes that run through the synthesis report regarding the impacts of a <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> on the forests and waters of the synthesis area as well as long-term, broad-scale, science-based strategies to promote system...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940026115','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940026115"><span>The role of sea ice dynamics in global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hibler, William D., III</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>The topics covered include the following: general characteristics of sea ice drift; sea ice rheology; ice thickness distribution; sea ice thermodynamic models; equilibrium thermodynamic models; effect of <span class="hlt">internal</span> brine pockets and snow cover; model simulations of Arctic Sea ice; and sensitivity of sea ice models to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70187427','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70187427"><span>Designing ecological <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impact assessments to reflect key <span class="hlt">climatic</span> drivers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Sofaer, Helen R.; Barsugli, Joseph J.; Jarnevich, Catherine S.; Abatzoglou, John T.; Talbert, Marian; Miller, Brian W.; Morisette, Jeffrey T.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Identifying the <span class="hlt">climatic</span> drivers of an ecological system is a key step in assessing its vulnerability to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The <span class="hlt">climatic</span> dimensions to which a species or system is most sensitive – such as means or extremes – can guide methodological decisions for projections of ecological impacts and vulnerabilities. However, scientific workflows for combining <span class="hlt">climate</span> projections with ecological models have received little explicit attention. We review Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Model (GCM) performance along different dimensions of <span class="hlt">change</span> and compare frameworks for integrating GCM output into ecological models. In systems sensitive to climatological means, it is straightforward to base ecological impact assessments on mean projected <span class="hlt">changes</span> from several GCMs. Ecological systems sensitive to <span class="hlt">climatic</span> extremes may benefit from what we term the ‘model space’ approach: a comparison of ecological projections based on simulated <span class="hlt">climate</span> from historical and future time periods. This approach leverages the experimental framework used in <span class="hlt">climate</span> modeling, in which historical <span class="hlt">climate</span> simulations serve as controls for future projections. Moreover, it can capture projected <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the intensity and frequency of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> extremes, rather than assuming that future means will determine future extremes. Given the recent emphasis on the ecological impacts of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> extremes, the strategies we describe will be applicable across species and systems. We also highlight practical considerations for the selection of <span class="hlt">climate</span> models and data products, emphasizing that the spatial resolution of the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> signal is generally coarser than the grid cell size of downscaled <span class="hlt">climate</span> model output. Our review illustrates how an understanding of how <span class="hlt">climate</span> model outputs are derived and downscaled can improve the selection and application of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> data used in ecological modeling.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28173628','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28173628"><span>Designing ecological <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impact assessments to reflect key <span class="hlt">climatic</span> drivers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sofaer, Helen R; Barsugli, Joseph J; Jarnevich, Catherine S; Abatzoglou, John T; Talbert, Marian K; Miller, Brian W; Morisette, Jeffrey T</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Identifying the <span class="hlt">climatic</span> drivers of an ecological system is a key step in assessing its vulnerability to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The <span class="hlt">climatic</span> dimensions to which a species or system is most sensitive - such as means or extremes - can guide methodological decisions for projections of ecological impacts and vulnerabilities. However, scientific workflows for combining <span class="hlt">climate</span> projections with ecological models have received little explicit attention. We review Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Model (GCM) performance along different dimensions of <span class="hlt">change</span> and compare frameworks for integrating GCM output into ecological models. In systems sensitive to climatological means, it is straightforward to base ecological impact assessments on mean projected <span class="hlt">changes</span> from several GCMs. Ecological systems sensitive to <span class="hlt">climatic</span> extremes may benefit from what we term the 'model space' approach: a comparison of ecological projections based on simulated <span class="hlt">climate</span> from historical and future time periods. This approach leverages the experimental framework used in <span class="hlt">climate</span> modeling, in which historical <span class="hlt">climate</span> simulations serve as controls for future projections. Moreover, it can capture projected <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the intensity and frequency of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> extremes, rather than assuming that future means will determine future extremes. Given the recent emphasis on the ecological impacts of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> extremes, the strategies we describe will be applicable across species and systems. We also highlight practical considerations for the selection of <span class="hlt">climate</span> models and data products, emphasizing that the spatial resolution of the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> signal is generally coarser than the grid cell size of downscaled <span class="hlt">climate</span> model output. Our review illustrates how an understanding of how <span class="hlt">climate</span> model outputs are derived and downscaled can improve the selection and application of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> data used in ecological modeling. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1415910-linking-models-human-behaviour-climate-alters-projected-climate-change','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1415910-linking-models-human-behaviour-climate-alters-projected-climate-change"><span>Linking models of human behaviour and <span class="hlt">climate</span> alters projected <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Beckage, Brian; Gross, Louis J.; Lacasse, Katherine; ...</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Although not considered in <span class="hlt">climate</span> models, perceived risk stemming from extreme <span class="hlt">climate</span> events may induce behavioural <span class="hlt">changes</span> that alter greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we link the C-ROADS <span class="hlt">climate</span> model to a social model of behavioural <span class="hlt">change</span> to examine how interactions between perceived risk and emissions behaviour influence projected <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Our coupled <span class="hlt">climate</span> and social model resulted in a global temperature <span class="hlt">change</span> ranging from 3.4–6.2 °C by 2100 compared with 4.9 °C for the C-ROADS model alone, and led to behavioural uncertainty that was of a similar magnitude to physical uncertainty (2.8 °C versus 3.5 °C). Model components with themore » largest influence on temperature were the functional form of response to extreme events, interaction of perceived behavioural control with perceived social norms, and behaviours leading to sustained emissions reductions. Lastly, our results suggest that policies emphasizing the appropriate attribution of extreme events to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and infrastructural mitigation may reduce <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> the most.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1415910-linking-models-human-behaviour-climate-alters-projected-climate-change','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1415910-linking-models-human-behaviour-climate-alters-projected-climate-change"><span>Linking models of human behaviour and <span class="hlt">climate</span> alters projected <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Beckage, Brian; Gross, Louis J.; Lacasse, Katherine</p> <p></p> <p>Although not considered in <span class="hlt">climate</span> models, perceived risk stemming from extreme <span class="hlt">climate</span> events may induce behavioural <span class="hlt">changes</span> that alter greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we link the C-ROADS <span class="hlt">climate</span> model to a social model of behavioural <span class="hlt">change</span> to examine how interactions between perceived risk and emissions behaviour influence projected <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Our coupled <span class="hlt">climate</span> and social model resulted in a global temperature <span class="hlt">change</span> ranging from 3.4–6.2 °C by 2100 compared with 4.9 °C for the C-ROADS model alone, and led to behavioural uncertainty that was of a similar magnitude to physical uncertainty (2.8 °C versus 3.5 °C). Model components with themore » largest influence on temperature were the functional form of response to extreme events, interaction of perceived behavioural control with perceived social norms, and behaviours leading to sustained emissions reductions. Lastly, our results suggest that policies emphasizing the appropriate attribution of extreme events to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and infrastructural mitigation may reduce <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> the most.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMED33B0939A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMED33B0939A"><span>SLICEIT and TAHMO Partnerships: Students Local and <span class="hlt">International</span> Collaboration for <span class="hlt">Climate</span> and Environmental Monitoring, Technology Development, Education, Adaptation and Mitigation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Aishlin, P. S.; Selker, J. S.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> understanding and impacts vary by community, yet the global nature of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> requires <span class="hlt">international</span> collaboration to address education, monitoring, adaptation and mitigation needs. We propose that effective <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> monitoring and education can be accomplished via student-led local and <span class="hlt">international</span> community partnerships. By empowering students as community leaders in <span class="hlt">climate</span>-environmental monitoring and education, as well as exploration of adaptation/mitigation needs, well-informed communities and young leadership are developed to support <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science moving forward. Piloted 2013-2015, the SLICEIT1 program partnered with TAHMO2 to connect student leaders in North America, Europe and Africa. At the <span class="hlt">international</span> level, schools in the U.S.A and Netherlands were partnered with schools in Ghana, Kenya, and Uganda for science and cultural exchange. Each school was equipped with a <span class="hlt">climate</span> or other environmental sensing system, real-time data publication and curricula for both formal and informal science, technology, engineering and math education and skill development. African counterparts in TAHMO's School-2-School program collect critically important data for enhanced on-the-ground monitoring of weather conditions in data-scarce regions of Africa. In Idaho, student designed, constructed and installed weather stations provide real time data for classroom and community use. Student-designed formal educational activities are disseminated to project partners, increasing hands-on technology education and peer-based learning. At the local level, schools are partnered with a local agency, research institute, nonprofit organization, industry and/or community partner that supplies a <span class="hlt">climate</span> science expert mentor to SLICEIT program leaders and teachers. Mentor engagement is facilitated and secured by program components that directly benefit the mentor's organization and local community via <span class="hlt">climate</span>/environment monitoring, student workforce</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28339121','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28339121"><span>Connecting today's <span class="hlt">climates</span> to future <span class="hlt">climate</span> analogs to facilitate movement of species under <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Littlefield, Caitlin E; McRae, Brad H; Michalak, Julia L; Lawler, Joshua J; Carroll, Carlos</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Increasing connectivity is an important strategy for facilitating species range shifts and maintaining biodiversity in the face of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. To date, however, few researchers have included future <span class="hlt">climate</span> projections in efforts to prioritize areas for increasing connectivity. We identified key areas likely to facilitate <span class="hlt">climate</span>-induced species' movement across western North America. Using historical <span class="hlt">climate</span> data sets and future <span class="hlt">climate</span> projections, we mapped potential species' movement routes that link current <span class="hlt">climate</span> conditions to analogous <span class="hlt">climate</span> conditions in the future (i.e., future <span class="hlt">climate</span> analogs) with a novel moving-window analysis based on electrical circuit theory. In addition to tracing shifting <span class="hlt">climates</span>, the approach accounted for landscape permeability and empirically derived species' dispersal capabilities. We compared connectivity maps generated with our <span class="hlt">climate-change</span>-informed approach with maps of connectivity based solely on the degree of human modification of the landscape. Including future <span class="hlt">climate</span> projections in connectivity models substantially shifted and constrained priority areas for movement to a smaller proportion of the landscape than when <span class="hlt">climate</span> projections were not considered. Potential movement, measured as current flow, decreased in all ecoregions when <span class="hlt">climate</span> projections were included, particularly when dispersal was limited, which made <span class="hlt">climate</span> analogs inaccessible. Many areas emerged as important for connectivity only when <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> was modeled in 2 time steps rather than in a single time step. Our results illustrate that movement routes needed to track <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climatic</span> conditions may differ from those that connect present-day landscapes. Incorporating future <span class="hlt">climate</span> projections into connectivity modeling is an important step toward facilitating successful species movement and population persistence in a <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>. © 2017 Society for Conservation Biology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA.....7416L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA.....7416L"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> risk analysis framework (CCRAF) a probabilistic tool for analyzing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> uncertainties</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Legget, J.; Pepper, W.; Sankovski, A.; Smith, J.; Tol, R.; Wigley, T.</p> <p>2003-04-01</p> <p>Potential risks of human-induced <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> are subject to a three-fold uncertainty associated with: the extent of future anthropogenic and natural GHG emissions; global and regional <span class="hlt">climatic</span> responses to emissions; and impacts of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> on economies and the biosphere. Long-term analyses are also subject to uncertainty regarding how humans will respond to actual or perceived <span class="hlt">changes</span>, through adaptation or mitigation efforts. Explicitly addressing these uncertainties is a high priority in the scientific and policy communities Probabilistic modeling is gaining momentum as a technique to quantify uncertainties explicitly and use decision analysis techniques that take advantage of improved risk information. The <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Risk Assessment Framework (CCRAF) presented here a new integrative tool that combines the probabilistic approaches developed in population, energy and economic sciences with empirical data and probabilistic results of <span class="hlt">climate</span> and impact models. The main CCRAF objective is to assess global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as a risk management challenge and to provide insights regarding robust policies that address the risks, by mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and by adapting to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> consequences. The CCRAF endogenously simulates to 2100 or beyond annual region-specific <span class="hlt">changes</span> in population; GDP; primary (by fuel) and final energy (by type) use; a wide set of associated GHG emissions; GHG concentrations; global temperature <span class="hlt">change</span> and sea level rise; economic, health, and biospheric impacts; costs of mitigation and adaptation measures and residual costs or benefits of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Atmospheric and <span class="hlt">climate</span> components of CCRAF are formulated based on the latest version of Wigley's and Raper's MAGICC model and impacts are simulated based on a modified version of Tol's FUND model. The CCRAF is based on series of log-linear equations with deterministic and random components and is implemented using a Monte-Carlo method with up to 5000</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1715186F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1715186F"><span>The Ophidia framework: toward cloud-based data analytics for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fiore, Sandro; D'Anca, Alessandro; Elia, Donatello; Mancini, Marco; Mariello, Andrea; Mirto, Maria; Palazzo, Cosimo; Aloisio, Giovanni</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>The Ophidia project is a research effort on big data analytics facing scientific data analysis challenges in the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> domain. It provides parallel (server-side) data analysis, an <span class="hlt">internal</span> storage model and a hierarchical data organization to manage large amount of multidimensional scientific data. The Ophidia analytics platform provides several MPI-based parallel operators to manipulate large datasets (data cubes) and array-based primitives to perform data analysis on large arrays of scientific data. The most relevant data analytics use cases implemented in national and <span class="hlt">international</span> projects target fire danger prevention (OFIDIA), interactions between <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and biodiversity (EUBrazilCC), <span class="hlt">climate</span> indicators and remote data analysis (CLIP-C), sea situational awareness (TESSA), large scale data analytics on CMIP5 data in NetCDF format, <span class="hlt">Climate</span> and Forecast (CF) convention compliant (ExArch). Two use cases regarding the EU FP7 EUBrazil Cloud Connect and the INTERREG OFIDIA projects will be presented during the talk. In the former case (EUBrazilCC) the Ophidia framework is being extended to integrate scalable VM-based solutions for the management of large volumes of scientific data (both <span class="hlt">climate</span> and satellite data) in a cloud-based environment to study how <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> affects biodiversity. In the latter one (OFIDIA) the data analytics framework is being exploited to provide operational support regarding processing chains devoted to fire danger prevention. To tackle the project challenges, data analytics workflows consisting of about 130 operators perform, among the others, parallel data analysis, metadata management, virtual file system tasks, maps generation, rolling of datasets, import/export of datasets in NetCDF format. Finally, the entire Ophidia software stack has been deployed at CMCC on 24-nodes (16-cores/node) of the Athena HPC cluster. Moreover, a cloud-based release tested with OpenNebula is also available and running in the private</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=climate&pg=7&id=EJ964970','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=climate&pg=7&id=EJ964970"><span>Conceptualizing <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> in the Context of a <span class="hlt">Climate</span> System: Implications for <span class="hlt">Climate</span> and Environmental Education</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Shepardson, Daniel P.; Niyogi, Dev; Roychoudhury, Anita; Hirsch, Andrew</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Today there is much interest in teaching secondary students about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Much of this effort has focused directly on students' understanding of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. We hypothesize, however, that in order for students to understand <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> they must first understand <span class="hlt">climate</span> as a system and how <span class="hlt">changes</span> to this system due to both natural…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28318131','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28318131"><span>Hydrologic refugia, plants, and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>McLaughlin, Blair C; Ackerly, David D; Klos, P Zion; Natali, Jennifer; Dawson, Todd E; Thompson, Sally E</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span>, physical landscapes, and biota interact to generate heterogeneous hydrologic conditions in space and over time, which are reflected in spatial patterns of species distributions. As these species distributions respond to rapid <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, microrefugia may support local species persistence in the face of deteriorating <span class="hlt">climatic</span> suitability. Recent focus on temperature as a determinant of microrefugia insufficiently accounts for the importance of hydrologic processes and <span class="hlt">changing</span> water availability with <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Where water scarcity is a major limitation now or under future <span class="hlt">climates</span>, hydrologic microrefugia are likely to prove essential for species persistence, particularly for sessile species and plants. Zones of high relative water availability - mesic microenvironments - are generated by a wide array of hydrologic processes, and may be loosely coupled to <span class="hlt">climatic</span> processes and therefore buffered from <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Here, we review the mechanisms that generate mesic microenvironments and their likely robustness in the face of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. We argue that mesic microenvironments will act as species-specific refugia only if the nature and space/time variability in water availability are compatible with the ecological requirements of a target species. We illustrate this argument with case studies drawn from California oak woodland ecosystems. We posit that identification of hydrologic refugia could form a cornerstone of <span class="hlt">climate</span>-cognizant conservation strategies, but that this would require improved understanding of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> effects on key hydrologic processes, including frequently cryptic processes such as groundwater flow. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1439698-probable-maximum-precipitation-pacific-northwest-changing-climate-pmp-under-climate-change','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1439698-probable-maximum-precipitation-pacific-northwest-changing-climate-pmp-under-climate-change"><span>Probable Maximum Precipitation in the U.S. Pacific Northwest in a <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span>: PMP UNDER <span class="hlt">CLIMATE</span> <span class="hlt">CHANGE</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Chen, Xiaodong; Hossain, Faisal; Leung, L. Ruby</p> <p></p> <p>The safety of large and aging water infrastructures is gaining attention in water management given the accelerated rate of <span class="hlt">change</span> in landscape, <span class="hlt">climate</span> and society. In current engineering practice, such safety is ensured by the design of infrastructure for the Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP). Recently, several physics-based numerical modeling approaches have been proposed to modernize the conventional and ad hoc PMP estimation approach. However, the underlying physics has not been investigated and thus differing PMP estimates are obtained without clarity on their interpretation. In this study, we present a hybrid approach that takes advantage of both traditional engineering wisdom andmore » modern <span class="hlt">climate</span> science to estimate PMP for current and future <span class="hlt">climate</span> conditions. The traditional PMP approach is improved and applied to outputs from an ensemble of five CMIP5 models. This hybrid approach is applied in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) to produce ensemble PMP estimation for the historical (1970-2016) and future (2050-2099) time periods. The new historical PMP estimates are verified by comparing them with the traditional estimates. PMP in the PNW will increase by 50% of the current level by 2099 under the RCP8.5 scenario. Most of the increase is caused by warming, which mainly affects moisture availability, with minor contributions from <span class="hlt">changes</span> in storm efficiency in the future. Moist track <span class="hlt">change</span> tends to reduce the future PMP. Compared with extreme precipitation, ensemble PMP exhibits higher <span class="hlt">internal</span> variation. Thus high-quality data of both precipitation and related meteorological fields (temperature, wind fields) are required to reduce uncertainties in the ensemble PMP estimates.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPA33D..05K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPA33D..05K"><span>Creating Effective Dialogue Around <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kiehl, J. T.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Communicating <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> to people from diverse sectors of society has proven to be difficult in the United States. It is widely recognized that difficulties arise from a number of sources, including: basic science understanding, the psychologically affect laden content surrounding <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and the diversity of value systems that exist in our society. I explore ways of working with the affect that arises around <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and describe specific methods to work with the resistance often encountered when communicating this important issue. The techniques I describe are rooted in psychology and group process and provide means for creating more effective narratives to break through the barriers to communicating <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science. Examples are given from personal experiences in presenting <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> to diverse groups.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110010297','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110010297"><span>Responding to the Consequences of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hildebrand, Peter H.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>The talk addresses the scientific consensus concerning <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and outlines the many paths that are open to mitigate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and its effects on human activities. Diverse aspects of the <span class="hlt">changing</span> water cycle on Earth are used to illustrate the reality <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. These include melting snowpack, glaciers, and sea ice; <span class="hlt">changes</span> in runoff; rising sea level; moving ecosystems, an more. Human forcing of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is then explained, including: greenhouse gasses, atmospheric aerosols, and <span class="hlt">changes</span> in land use. Natural forcing effects are briefly discussed, including volcanoes and <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the solar cycle. Returning to Earth's water cycle, the effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span>-induced <span class="hlt">changes</span> in water resources is presented. Examples include wildfires, floods and droughts, <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the production and availability of food, and human social reactions to these effects. The lk then passes to a discussion of common human reactions to these forecasts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> effects, with a summary of recent research on the subject, plus several recent historical examples of large-scale <span class="hlt">changes</span> in human behavior that affect the <span class="hlt">climate</span> and ecosystems. Finally, in the face for needed action on <span class="hlt">climate</span>, the many options for mitigation of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and adaptation to its effects are presented, with examples of the ability to take affordable, and profitable action at most all levels, from the local, through national.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19970003259','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19970003259"><span>Modeling <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> in the Absence of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Data. Editorial Comment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Skiles, J. W.</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>Practitioners of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> prediction base many of their future <span class="hlt">climate</span> scenarios on General Circulation Models (GCM's), each model with differing assumptions and parameter requirements. For representing the atmosphere, GCM's typically contain equations for calculating motion of particles, thermodynamics and radiation, and continuity of water vapor. Hydrology and heat balance are usually included for continents, and sea ice and heat balance are included for oceans. The current issue of this journal contains a paper by Van Blarcum et al. (1995) that predicts runoff from nine high-latitude rivers under a doubled CO2 atmosphere. The paper is important since river flow is an indicator variable for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The authors show that precipitation will increase under the imposed perturbations and that owing to higher temperatures earlier in the year that cause the snow pack to melt sooner, runoff will also increase. They base their simulations on output from a GCM coupled with an interesting water routing scheme they have devised. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> models have been linked to other models to predict deforestation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ClDy..tmp..785K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ClDy..tmp..785K"><span>Intercomparison of model response and <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability across <span class="hlt">climate</span> model ensembles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kumar, Devashish; Ganguly, Auroop R.</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>Characterization of <span class="hlt">climate</span> uncertainty at regional scales over near-term planning horizons (0-30 years) is crucial for <span class="hlt">climate</span> adaptation. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability (CIV) dominates <span class="hlt">climate</span> uncertainty over decadal prediction horizons at stakeholders' scales (regional to local). In the literature, CIV has been characterized indirectly using projections of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> from multi-model ensembles (MME) instead of directly using projections from multiple initial condition ensembles (MICE), primarily because adequate number of initial condition (IC) runs were not available for any <span class="hlt">climate</span> model. Nevertheless, the recent availability of significant number of IC runs from one <span class="hlt">climate</span> model allows for the first time to characterize CIV directly from <span class="hlt">climate</span> model projections and perform a sensitivity analysis to study the dominance of CIV compared to model response variability (MRV). Here, we measure relative agreement (a dimensionless number with values ranging between 0 and 1, inclusive; a high value indicates less variability and vice versa) among MME and MICE and find that CIV is lower than MRV for all projection time horizons and spatial resolutions for precipitation and temperature. However, CIV exhibits greater dominance over MRV for seasonal and annual mean precipitation at higher latitudes where signals of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> are expected to emerge sooner. Furthermore, precipitation exhibits large uncertainties and a rapid decline in relative agreement from global to continental, regional, or local scales for MICE compared to MME. The fractional contribution of uncertainty due to CIV is invariant for precipitation and decreases for temperature as lead time progresses towards the end of the century.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AAS...22732501C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AAS...22732501C"><span>Ocean Observations of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chambers, Don</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The ocean influences <span class="hlt">climate</span> by storing and transporting large amounts of heat, freshwater, and carbon, and exchanging these properties with the atmosphere. About 93% of the excess heat energy stored by the earth over the last 50 years is found in the ocean. More than three quarters of the total exchange of water between the atmosphere and the earth's surface through evaporation and precipitation takes place over the oceans. The ocean contains 50 times more carbon than the atmosphere and is at present acting to slow the rate of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> by absorbing one quarter of human emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel burning, cement production, deforestation and other land use <span class="hlt">change</span>.Here I summarize the observational evidence of <span class="hlt">change</span> in the ocean, with an emphasis on basin- and global-scale <span class="hlt">changes</span> relevant to <span class="hlt">climate</span>. These include: <span class="hlt">changes</span> in subsurface ocean temperature and heat content, evidence for regional <span class="hlt">changes</span> in ocean salinity and their link to <span class="hlt">changes</span> in evaporation and precipitation over the oceans, evidence of variability and <span class="hlt">change</span> of ocean current patterns relevant to <span class="hlt">climate</span>, observations of sea level <span class="hlt">change</span> and predictions over the next century, and biogeochemical <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the ocean, including ocean acidification.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16433099','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16433099"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and food security.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gregory, P J; Ingram, J S I; Brklacich, M</p> <p>2005-11-29</p> <p>Dynamic interactions between and within the biogeophysical and human environments lead to the production, processing, distribution, preparation and consumption of food, resulting in food systems that underpin food security. Food systems encompass food availability (production, distribution and exchange), food access (affordability, allocation and preference) and food utilization (nutritional and societal values and safety), so that food security is, therefore, diminished when food systems are stressed. Such stresses may be induced by a range of factors in addition to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and/or other agents of environmental <span class="hlt">change</span> (e.g. conflict, HIV/AIDS) and may be particularly severe when these factors act in combination. Urbanization and globalization are causing rapid <span class="hlt">changes</span> to food systems. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> may affect food systems in several ways ranging from direct effects on crop production (e.g. <span class="hlt">changes</span> in rainfall leading to drought or flooding, or warmer or cooler temperatures leading to <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the length of growing season), to <span class="hlt">changes</span> in markets, food prices and supply chain infrastructure. The relative importance of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> for food security differs between regions. For example, in southern Africa, <span class="hlt">climate</span> is among the most frequently cited drivers of food insecurity because it acts both as an underlying, ongoing issue and as a short-lived shock. The low ability to cope with shocks and to mitigate long-term stresses means that coping strategies that might be available in other regions are unavailable or inappropriate. In other regions, though, such as parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain of India, other drivers, such as labour issues and the availability and quality of ground water for irrigation, rank higher than the direct effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as factors influencing food security. Because of the multiple socio-economic and bio-physical factors affecting food systems and hence food security, the capacity to adapt food systems to reduce their</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1569578','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1569578"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and food security</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Gregory, P.J; Ingram, J.S.I; Brklacich, M</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>Dynamic interactions between and within the biogeophysical and human environments lead to the production, processing, distribution, preparation and consumption of food, resulting in food systems that underpin food security. Food systems encompass food availability (production, distribution and exchange), food access (affordability, allocation and preference) and food utilization (nutritional and societal values and safety), so that food security is, therefore, diminished when food systems are stressed. Such stresses may be induced by a range of factors in addition to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and/or other agents of environmental <span class="hlt">change</span> (e.g. conflict, HIV/AIDS) and may be particularly severe when these factors act in combination. Urbanization and globalization are causing rapid <span class="hlt">changes</span> to food systems. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> may affect food systems in several ways ranging from direct effects on crop production (e.g. <span class="hlt">changes</span> in rainfall leading to drought or flooding, or warmer or cooler temperatures leading to <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the length of growing season), to <span class="hlt">changes</span> in markets, food prices and supply chain infrastructure. The relative importance of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> for food security differs between regions. For example, in southern Africa, <span class="hlt">climate</span> is among the most frequently cited drivers of food insecurity because it acts both as an underlying, ongoing issue and as a short-lived shock. The low ability to cope with shocks and to mitigate long-term stresses means that coping strategies that might be available in other regions are unavailable or inappropriate. In other regions, though, such as parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain of India, other drivers, such as labour issues and the availability and quality of ground water for irrigation, rank higher than the direct effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as factors influencing food security. Because of the multiple socio-economic and bio-physical factors affecting food systems and hence food security, the capacity to adapt food systems to reduce their</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMPA12A..01O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMPA12A..01O"><span>The Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (RISA) Program, <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Services, and Meeting the National <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Adaptation Challenge</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Overpeck, J. T.; Udall, B.; Miles, E.; Dow, K.; Anderson, C.; Cayan, D.; Dettinger, M.; Hartmann, H.; Jones, J.; Mote, P.; Ray, A.; Shafer, M.; White, D.</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>The NOAA-led RISA Program has grown steadily to nine regions and a focus that includes both natural <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability and human-driven <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The RISAs are, at their core, university-based and heavily invested in partnerships, particularly with stakeholders, NOAA, and other federal agencies. RISA research, assessment and partnerships have led to new operational <span class="hlt">climate</span> services within NOAA and other agencies, and have become important foundations in the development of local, state and regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation initiatives. The RISA experience indicates that a national <span class="hlt">climate</span> service is needed, and must include: (1) services prioritized based on stakeholder needs; (2) sustained, ongoing regional interactions with users, (3) a commitment to improve <span class="hlt">climate</span> literacy; (4) support for assessment as an ongoing, iterative process; (5) full recognition that stakeholder decisions are seldom made using <span class="hlt">climate</span> information alone; (6) strong interagency partnership; (7) national implementation and regional in focus; (8) capability spanning local, state, tribal, regional, national and <span class="hlt">international</span> space scales, and weeks to millennia time scales; and (9) institutional design and scientific support flexible enough to assure the effort is nimble enough to respond to rapidly-<span class="hlt">changing</span> stakeholder needs. The RISA experience also highlights the central role that universities must play in national <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation programs. Universities have a tradition of trusted regional stakeholder partnerships, as well as the interdisciplinary expertise - including social science, ecosystem science, law, and economics - required to meet stakeholder <span class="hlt">climate</span>-related needs; project workforce can also shift rapidly in universities. Universities have a proven ability to build and sustain interagency partnerships. Universities excel in most forms of education and training. And universities often have proven entrepreneurship, technology transfer and private sector</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70124267','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70124267"><span>Abrupt <span class="hlt">climate</span>-independent fire regime <span class="hlt">changes</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Pausas, Juli G.; Keeley, Jon E.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Wildfires have played a determining role in distribution, composition and structure of many ecosystems worldwide and <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> are widely considered to be a major driver of future fire regime <span class="hlt">changes</span>. However, forecasting future <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> induced impacts on fire regimes will require a clearer understanding of other drivers of abrupt fire regime <span class="hlt">changes</span>. Here, we focus on evidence from different environmental and temporal settings of fire regimes <span class="hlt">changes</span> that are not directly attributed to <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span>. We review key cases of these abrupt fire regime <span class="hlt">changes</span> at different spatial and temporal scales, including those directly driven (i) by fauna, (ii) by invasive plant species, and (iii) by socio-economic and policy <span class="hlt">changes</span>. All these drivers might generate non-linear effects of landscape <span class="hlt">changes</span> in fuel structure; that is, they generate fuel <span class="hlt">changes</span> that can cross thresholds of landscape continuity, and thus drastically <span class="hlt">change</span> fire activity. Although <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> might contribute to some of these <span class="hlt">changes</span>, there are also many instances that are not primarily linked to <span class="hlt">climatic</span> shifts. Understanding the mechanism driving fire regime <span class="hlt">changes</span> should contribute to our ability to better assess future fire regimes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140006609','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140006609"><span>Ground Water and <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Taylor, Richard G.; Scanlon, Bridget; Doell, Petra; Rodell, Matt; van Beek, Rens; Wada, Yoshihide; Longuevergne, Laurent; Leblanc, Marc; Famiglietti, James S.; Edmunds, Mike; <a style="text-decoration: none; " href="javascript:void(0); " onClick="displayelement('author_20140006609'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20140006609_show'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20140006609_hide'); "> <img style="display:inline; width:12px; height:12px; " src="images/arrow-up.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20140006609_show"> <img style="width:12px; height:12px; display:none; " src="images/arrow-down.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20140006609_hide"></p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>As the world's largest distributed store of fresh water, ground water plays a central part in sustaining ecosystems and enabling human adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability and <span class="hlt">change</span>. The strategic importance of ground water for global water and food security will probably intensify under <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as more frequent and intense <span class="hlt">climate</span> extremes (droughts and floods) increase variability in precipitation, soil moisture and surface water. Here we critically review recent research assessing the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> on ground water through natural and human-induced processes as well as through groundwater-driven feedbacks on the <span class="hlt">climate</span> system. Furthermore, we examine the possible opportunities and challenges of using and sustaining groundwater resources in <span class="hlt">climate</span> adaptation strategies, and highlight the lack of groundwater observations, which, at present, limits our understanding of the dynamic relationship between ground water and <span class="hlt">climate</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70057583','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70057583"><span>Ground water and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Taylor, Richard G.; Scanlon, Bridget R.; Döll, Petra; Rodell, Matt; van Beek, Rens; Wada, Yoshihide; Longuevergne, Laurent; Leblanc, Marc; Famiglietti, James S.; Edmunds, Mike; Konikow, Leonard F.; Green, Timothy R.; Chen, Jianyao; Taniguchi, Makoto; Bierkens, Marc F.P.; MacDonald, Alan; Fan, Ying; Maxwell, Reed M.; Yechieli, Yossi; Gurdak, Jason J.; Allen, Diana M.; Shamsudduha, Mohammad; Hiscock, Kevin; Yeh, Pat J.-F.; Holman, Ian; Treidel, Holger</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>As the world's largest distributed store of fresh water, ground water plays a central part in sustaining ecosystems and enabling human adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability and <span class="hlt">change</span>. The strategic importance of ground water for global water and food security will probably intensify under <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as more frequent and intense <span class="hlt">climate</span> extremes (droughts and floods) increase variability in precipitation, soil moisture and surface water. Here we critically review recent research assessing the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> on ground water through natural and human-induced processes as well as through groundwater-driven feedbacks on the <span class="hlt">climate</span> system. Furthermore, we examine the possible opportunities and challenges of using and sustaining groundwater resources in <span class="hlt">climate</span> adaptation strategies, and highlight the lack of groundwater observations, which, at present, limits our understanding of the dynamic relationship between ground water and <span class="hlt">climate</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3574421','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3574421"><span>How does <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> cause extinction?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Cahill, Abigail E.; Aiello-Lammens, Matthew E.; Fisher-Reid, M. Caitlin; Hua, Xia; Karanewsky, Caitlin J.; Yeong Ryu, Hae; Sbeglia, Gena C.; Spagnolo, Fabrizio; Waldron, John B.; Warsi, Omar; Wiens, John J.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is predicted to be a major cause of species extinctions in the next 100 years. But what will actually cause these extinctions? For example, will it be limited physiological tolerance to high temperatures, <span class="hlt">changing</span> biotic interactions or other factors? Here, we systematically review the proximate causes of <span class="hlt">climate-change</span> related extinctions and their empirical support. We find 136 case studies of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> impacts that are potentially relevant to this topic. However, only seven identified proximate causes of demonstrated local extinctions due to anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Among these seven studies, the proximate causes vary widely. Surprisingly, none show a straightforward relationship between local extinction and limited tolerances to high temperature. Instead, many studies implicate species interactions as an important proximate cause, especially decreases in food availability. We find very similar patterns in studies showing decreases in abundance associated with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and in those studies showing impacts of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> oscillations. Collectively, these results highlight our disturbingly limited knowledge of this crucial issue but also support the idea that <span class="hlt">changing</span> species interactions are an important cause of documented population declines and extinctions related to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Finally, we briefly outline general research strategies for identifying these proximate causes in future studies. PMID:23075836</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23217156','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23217156"><span>Invertebrates, ecosystem services and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Prather, Chelse M; Pelini, Shannon L; Laws, Angela; Rivest, Emily; Woltz, Megan; Bloch, Christopher P; Del Toro, Israel; Ho, Chuan-Kai; Kominoski, John; Newbold, T A Scott; Parsons, Sheena; Joern, A</p> <p>2013-05-01</p> <p>The sustainability of ecosystem services depends on a firm understanding of both how organisms provide these services to humans and how these organisms will be altered with a <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Unquestionably a dominant feature of most ecosystems, invertebrates affect many ecosystem services and are also highly responsive to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. However, there is still a basic lack of understanding of the direct and indirect paths by which invertebrates influence ecosystem services, as well as how <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will affect those ecosystem services by altering invertebrate populations. This indicates a lack of communication and collaboration among scientists researching ecosystem services and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> effects on invertebrates, and land managers and researchers from other disciplines, which becomes obvious when systematically reviewing the literature relevant to invertebrates, ecosystem services, and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. To address this issue, we review how invertebrates respond to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. We then review how invertebrates both positively and negatively influence ecosystem services. Lastly, we provide some critical future directions for research needs, and suggest ways in which managers, scientists and other researchers may collaborate to tackle the complex issue of sustaining invertebrate-mediated services under a <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>. © 2012 The Authors. Biological Reviews © 2012 Cambridge Philosophical Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23075836','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23075836"><span>How does <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> cause extinction?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cahill, Abigail E; Aiello-Lammens, Matthew E; Fisher-Reid, M Caitlin; Hua, Xia; Karanewsky, Caitlin J; Ryu, Hae Yeong; Sbeglia, Gena C; Spagnolo, Fabrizio; Waldron, John B; Warsi, Omar; Wiens, John J</p> <p>2013-01-07</p> <p>Anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is predicted to be a major cause of species extinctions in the next 100 years. But what will actually cause these extinctions? For example, will it be limited physiological tolerance to high temperatures, <span class="hlt">changing</span> biotic interactions or other factors? Here, we systematically review the proximate causes of <span class="hlt">climate-change</span> related extinctions and their empirical support. We find 136 case studies of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> impacts that are potentially relevant to this topic. However, only seven identified proximate causes of demonstrated local extinctions due to anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Among these seven studies, the proximate causes vary widely. Surprisingly, none show a straightforward relationship between local extinction and limited tolerances to high temperature. Instead, many studies implicate species interactions as an important proximate cause, especially decreases in food availability. We find very similar patterns in studies showing decreases in abundance associated with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and in those studies showing impacts of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> oscillations. Collectively, these results highlight our disturbingly limited knowledge of this crucial issue but also support the idea that <span class="hlt">changing</span> species interactions are an important cause of documented population declines and extinctions related to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Finally, we briefly outline general research strategies for identifying these proximate causes in future studies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Change+AND+climate&pg=2&id=EJ1070154','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Change+AND+climate&pg=2&id=EJ1070154"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Ignorance: An Unacceptable Legacy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Boon, Helen J.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> effects will be most acutely felt by future generations. Recent prior research has shown that school students' knowledge of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science is very limited in rural Australia. The purpose of this study was to assess the capacity of preservice teachers and parents to transmit <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> information and understanding to…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1714955O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1714955O"><span>Assessments of regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and its impacts in Northern Europe</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Omstedt, Anders; von Storch, Hans; Reckermann, Marcus; Quante, Markus</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>Regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> assessments are urgently needed to complement the big picture with regional results and scenarios of higher resolution and with relevance for local decision makers and stakeholders. A new type of assessment report originated in the original BACC report of 2008 (BALTEX Assessment of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> for the Baltic Sea region) which has served as role model for other assessments published or in preparation. It represents an approach to assessing and making available current knowledge on regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and its regional impacts on the physical, biogeochemical and biological environment (ecosystems, socio-economic sphere). Reports of this type which are available or underway are the original BACC book (2008), the second BACC book (2015), the <span class="hlt">climate</span> report for the greater Hamburg area (2011), and the NOSCCA report (North Sea <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Assessment) which is expected to be published in 2016. The assessments are produced by teams of scientists from the region, led by lead authors who recruit experts from relevant topics to contribute. The process is not externally funded and completely based on published scientific evidence, and not biased by political or economic interest groups. The BACC-type reports aim to bring together consolidated knowledge that has broad consensus in the scientific community, but also acknowledging issues for which contradicting opinions are found in the literature, so that no consensus can be reached ("consensus on dissensus"). An <span class="hlt">international</span> steering committee is responsible for overlooking the process, and all manuscripts are anonymously peer-reviewed by independent <span class="hlt">international</span> experts. An outstanding outreach aspect of these reports is the close collaboration with regional stakeholders (for the BACC reports: HELCOM, the intergovernmental Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission and the major regional science-policy interface in the Baltic Sea region; for the Hamburg <span class="hlt">climate</span> report: the Hamburg city</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011WRR....4712516G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011WRR....4712516G"><span>Modeling <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts on groundwater resources using transient stochastic <span class="hlt">climatic</span> scenarios</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Goderniaux, Pascal; BrouyèRe, Serge; Blenkinsop, Stephen; Burton, Aidan; Fowler, Hayley J.; Orban, Philippe; Dassargues, Alain</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>Several studies have highlighted the potential negative impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on groundwater reserves, but additional work is required to help water managers plan for future <span class="hlt">changes</span>. In particular, existing studies provide projections for a stationary <span class="hlt">climate</span> representative of the end of the century, although information is demanded for the near future. Such time-slice experiments fail to account for the transient nature of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> over the century. Moreover, uncertainty linked to natural <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability is not explicitly considered in previous studies. In this study we substantially improve upon the state-of-the-art by using a sophisticated transient weather generator in combination with an integrated surface-subsurface hydrological model (Geer basin, Belgium) developed with the finite element modeling software "HydroGeoSphere." This version of the weather generator enables the stochastic generation of large numbers of equiprobable <span class="hlt">climatic</span> time series, representing transient <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and used to assess impacts in a probabilistic way. For the Geer basin, 30 equiprobable <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> scenarios from 2010 to 2085 have been generated for each of six different regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> models (RCMs). Results show that although the 95% confidence intervals calculated around projected groundwater levels remain large, the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> signal becomes stronger than that of natural <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability by 2085. Additionally, the weather generator's ability to simulate transient <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> enabled the assessment of the likely time scale and associated uncertainty of a specific impact, providing managers with additional information when planning further investment. This methodology constitutes a real improvement in the field of groundwater projections under <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/39101','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/39101"><span>Adaptation of forest ecosystems to air pollution and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: a global assessment on research priorities</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Y. Serengil; A. Augustaitis; Andrzej Bytnerowicz; Nancy Grulke; A.R. Kozovitz; R. Matyssek; G. Müller-Starck; M. Schaub; G. Wieser; A.A. Coskun; E. Paoletti</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and air pollution are two of the anthropogenic stressors that require <span class="hlt">international</span> collaboration. Influence mechanisms and combating strategies towards them have similarities to some extent. Impacts of air pollution and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> have long been studied under IUFRO Research Group 7.01 and state of the art findings are presented at biannual meetings...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..1511975H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..1511975H"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Education in Earth System Science</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hänsel, Stephanie; Matschullat, Jörg</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>The course "Atmospheric Research - <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>" is offered to master Earth System Science students within the specialisation "<span class="hlt">Climate</span> and Environment" at the Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg. This module takes a comprehensive approach to <span class="hlt">climate</span> sciences, reaching from the natural sciences background of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> via the social components of the issue to the statistical analysis of <span class="hlt">changes</span> in <span class="hlt">climate</span> parameters. The course aims at qualifying the students to structure the physical and chemical basics of the <span class="hlt">climate</span> system including relevant feedbacks. The students can evaluate relevant drivers of <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability and <span class="hlt">change</span> on various temporal and spatial scales and can transform knowledge from <span class="hlt">climate</span> history to the present and the future. Special focus is given to the assessment of uncertainties related to <span class="hlt">climate</span> observations and projections as well as the specific challenges of extreme weather and <span class="hlt">climate</span> events. At the end of the course the students are able to critically reflect and evaluate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> related results of scientific studies and related issues in media. The course is divided into two parts - "<span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>" and "<span class="hlt">Climate</span> Data Analysis" and encompasses two lectures, one seminar and one exercise. The weekly "<span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>" lecture transmits the physical and chemical background for <span class="hlt">climate</span> variation and <span class="hlt">change</span>. (Pre)historical, observed and projected <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> and their effects on various sectors are being introduced and discussed regarding their implications for society, economics, ecology and politics. The related seminar presents and discusses the multiple reasons for controversy in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> issues, based on various texts. Students train the presentation of scientific content and the discussion of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> aspects. The biweekly lecture on "<span class="hlt">Climate</span> data analysis" introduces the most relevant statistical tools and methods in <span class="hlt">climate</span> science. Starting with checking data quality via tools of exploratory</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/44386','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/44386"><span>Floods in a <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Theresa K. Andersen; Marshall J. Shepherd</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Atmospheric warming and associated hydrological <span class="hlt">changes</span> have implications for regional flood intensity and frequency. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> models and hydrological models have the ability to integrate various contributing factors and assess potential <span class="hlt">changes</span> to hydrology at global to local scales through the century. This survey of floods in a <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> reviews flood...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080014231','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080014231"><span>Workshop on the Impacts of Aviation on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wuebbles, Don; Gupta, Mohan; Ko, Malcolm</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>Projections indicate that demand for aviation transportation will increase by more than two fold over the next few decades. Timely action is needed to understand and quantify the potential <span class="hlt">climate</span> impacts of aviation emissions particularly given the sustained lapse over the last several years in U.S. research activities in this area. In response to the stated needs, a group of <span class="hlt">international</span> experts participated in the Workshop on the Impacts of Aviation on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> during June 7-9, 2006 in Boston, MA. The workshop focus was on the impacts of subsonic aircraft emissions in the UT/LS region and on the potential response of the <span class="hlt">climate</span> system. The goals of the workshop were to assess and document the present state of scientific knowledge, to identify the key underlying uncertainties and gaps, to identify ongoing and further research needed, to explore the development of <span class="hlt">climate</span> impact metrics, and to help focus the scientific community on the aviation-<span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> research needs. The workshop concluded that the major ways that aviation can affect <span class="hlt">climate</span>, in agreement with the 1999 assessment by the Intergovernmental Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (IPCC), are the direct <span class="hlt">climate</span> effects from CO2 and water vapor emissions, the indirect forcing on <span class="hlt">climate</span> resulting from <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the distributions and concentrations of ozone and methane as a primary consequence of aircraft nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, the direct effects (and indirect effects on clouds) from emitted aerosols and aerosol precursors, and the <span class="hlt">climate</span> effects associated with contrails and cirrus cloud formation. The workshop was organized in three subgroups: (1) Effects of aircraft emissions on the UT/LS chemical composition, (2) Effects of water and particle emissions on contrails and on cirrus clouds, and (3) Impacts on <span class="hlt">climate</span> from aircraft emissions and identification of suitable metrics to measure these impacts. The workshop participants acknowledged the need for focused research specifically to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27878538','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27878538"><span>Enhancing and expanding intersectional research for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation in agrarian settings.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Thompson-Hall, Mary; Carr, Edward R; Pascual, Unai</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Most current approaches focused on vulnerability, resilience, and adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> frame gender and its influence in a manner out-of-step with contemporary academic and <span class="hlt">international</span> development research. The tendency to rely on analyses of the sex-disaggregated gender categories of 'men' and 'women' as sole or principal divisions explaining the abilities of different people within a group to adapt to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, illustrates this problem. This framing of gender persists in spite of established bodies of knowledge that show how roles and responsibilities that influence a person´s ability to deal with <span class="hlt">climate</span>-induced and other stressors emerge at the intersection of diverse identity categories, including but not limited to gender, age, seniority, ethnicity, marital status, and livelihoods. Here, we provide a review of relevant literature on this topic and argue that approaching vulnerability to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> through intersectional understandings of identity can help improve adaptation programming, project design, implementation, and outcomes.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140008966','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140008966"><span>Atmospheric Composition <span class="hlt">Change</span>: <span class="hlt">Climate</span>-Chemistry Interactions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Isaksen, I.S.A.; Granier, C.; Myhre, G.; Bernsten, T. K.; Dalsoren, S. B.; Gauss, S.; Klimont, Z.; Benestad, R.; Bousquet, P.; Collins, W.; <a style="text-decoration: none; " href="javascript:void(0); " onClick="displayelement('author_20140008966'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20140008966_show'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20140008966_hide'); "> <img style="display:inline; width:12px; height:12px; " src="images/arrow-up.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20140008966_show"> <img style="width:12px; height:12px; display:none; " src="images/arrow-down.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20140008966_hide"></p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Chemically active <span class="hlt">climate</span> compounds are either primary compounds such as methane (CH4), removed by oxidation in the atmosphere, or secondary compounds such as ozone (O3), sulfate and organic aerosols, formed and removed in the atmosphere. Man-induced <span class="hlt">climate</span>-chemistry interaction is a two-way process: Emissions of pollutants <span class="hlt">change</span> the atmospheric composition contributing to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> through the aforementioned <span class="hlt">climate</span> components, and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, through <span class="hlt">changes</span> in temperature, dynamics, the hydrological cycle, atmospheric stability, and biosphere-atmosphere interactions, affects the atmospheric composition and oxidation processes in the troposphere. Here we present progress in our understanding of processes of importance for <span class="hlt">climate</span>-chemistry interactions, and their contributions to <span class="hlt">changes</span> in atmospheric composition and <span class="hlt">climate</span> forcing. A key factor is the oxidation potential involving compounds such as O3 and the hydroxyl radical (OH). Reported studies represent both current and future <span class="hlt">changes</span>. Reported results include new estimates of radiative forcing based on extensive model studies of chemically active <span class="hlt">climate</span> compounds such as O3, and of particles inducing both direct and indirect effects. Through EU projects such as ACCENT, QUANTIFY, and the AEROCOM project, extensive studies on regional and sector-wise differences in the impact on atmospheric distribution are performed. Studies have shown that land-based emissions have a different effect on <span class="hlt">climate</span> than ship and aircraft emissions, and different measures are needed to reduce the <span class="hlt">climate</span> impact. Several areas where <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> can affect the tropospheric oxidation process and the chemical composition are identified. This can take place through enhanced stratospheric-tropospheric exchange of ozone, more frequent periods with stable conditions favouring pollution build up over industrial areas, enhanced temperature-induced biogenic emissions, methane releases from permafrost thawing, and enhanced</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002IJCli..22..993A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002IJCli..22..993A"><span>Man-made <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the Ganges basin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Adel, Miah M.</p> <p>2002-06-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> data pertaining to the Ganges basin in Bangladesh were analysed to find any <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the wake of the upstream water diversion by the Farakka Barrage. Whereas the diversions have been continuing from at least 30 <span class="hlt">international</span> rivers upstream of Bangladesh, the diversion from the Ganges is the best known and has a wider coverage than all other diversions. The diversion reduced the Ganges' discharge through the delta by about 60% from a pre-diversion average value of 1932 m3 s-1, decreased water availability in flood plains, ponds, canals, and ditches by about 50%, dropped the groundwater table, and caused <span class="hlt">changes</span> in surface features. It took about 5 years of diversions beyond the test run year of 1975 for the environment to react to set 1981 as the baseline year. During the post-baseline era: (1) heating degree days and cooling degree days were respectively 1.33 and 1.44 times more than their counterparts during the pre-baseline era; (2) the summertime and wintertime average temperatures were respectively 1 °C more and 0.5 °C less than the corresponding values during the pre-baseline era; (3) the mode 32 °C of summertime maximum temperatures was 1 °C higher and occurred 414 times more, and the mode 25 °C of wintertime temperature was 1 °C less and occurred 17 times less than the corresponding quantities during the pre-baseline era; (4) the average value of maximum relative humidity has increased by more than 2% and that of minimum relative humidity has dropped by the same amount; (5) the mode 95% and 70% of maximum and minimum relative humidity values have occurred 1322 times and 84 times more respectively than their pre-baseline counterparts; and (6) the frequency for 100 mm or more rainfall and the monthly average rainfalls have dropped by about 50% and 30% respectively. The solution to the <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> lies in the restoration of the virgin Ganges flow, dredging of the Ganges and its distributaries to remove shoals and siltation, and re</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFM.C11C0514W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFM.C11C0514W"><span>Variability and <span class="hlt">Change</span> in the Canadian Cryosphere: A Canadian Science Contribution to <span class="hlt">International</span> Polar Year</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Walker, A. E.; Derksen, C.</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>The cryosphere (snow, permafrost and seasonally frozen ground, ice caps and glaciers, sea-, river-, and lake ice) represents a significant feature of the Canadian landscape that impacts <span class="hlt">climate</span>, hydrology, the economy and the daily lives of all Canadians, especially those living in northern communities. Over the past few decades significant <span class="hlt">changes</span> have been observed in cryospheric elements (e.g. decreases in snow cover, glacier extent, sea ice cover) that have been attributed to a warming <span class="hlt">climate</span>. This poster presentation will highlight initial scientific results from the approved Canadian <span class="hlt">International</span> Polar Year project "Variability and <span class="hlt">Change</span> in the Canadian Cryosphere" that is being led by Environment Canada and involves 33 co- investigators from government, academia and the private sector and links with <span class="hlt">international</span> collaborators. This project builds on Canadian strengths in remote sensing, <span class="hlt">climate</span> analysis and modeling with the overall objective to observe and understand the current state of the cryosphere in Canada and determine how fast it is <span class="hlt">changing</span> and why. Research activities are focused on: (1) developing new satellite-based capabilities to provide information on the current state of the Canadian cryosphere during the IPY period; (2) placing current cryospheric conditions in the context of the historical record to document the magnitude of <span class="hlt">changes</span> over the 50 years since the last <span class="hlt">International</span> Polar Year (IGY 1957-1958); (3) characterizing and explaining the observed variability and <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the context of the coupled <span class="hlt">climate</span> cryosphere system; and (4) improving the representation of the cryosphere in Canadian land surface and <span class="hlt">climate</span> models to provide current and future <span class="hlt">climate</span> simulations of the cryosphere for <span class="hlt">climate</span> impact studies. The project also includes several outreach activities to engage northern communities in cryospheric monitoring and incorporate traditional knowledge with remotely-sensed information to generate new maps on local</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18759775','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18759775"><span>Conservation and adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Brooke, Cassandra</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>The need to adapt to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has become increasingly apparent, and many believe the practice of biodiversity conservation will need to alter to face this challenge. Conservation organizations are eager to determine how they should adapt their practices to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. This involves asking the fundamental question of what adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> means. Most studies on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and conservation, if they consider adaptation at all, assume it is equivalent to the ability of species to adapt naturally to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as stated in Article 2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>. Adaptation, however, can refer to an array of activities that range from natural adaptation, at one end of the spectrum, to sustainability science in coupled human and natural systems at the other. Most conservation organizations deal with complex systems in which adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> involves making decisions on priorities for biodiversity conservation in the face of dynamic risks and involving the public in these decisions. Discursive methods such as analytic deliberation are useful for integrating scientific knowledge with public perceptions and values, particularly when large uncertainties and risks are involved. The use of scenarios in conservation planning is a useful way to build shared understanding at the science-policy interface. Similarly, boundary organizations-organizations or institutions that bridge different scales or mediate the relationship between science and policy-could prove useful for managing the transdisciplinary nature of adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, providing communication and brokerage services and helping to build adaptive capacity. The fact that some nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are active across the areas of science, policy, and practice makes them well placed to fulfill this role in integrated assessments of biodiversity conservation and adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3116148','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3116148"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> threatens European conservation areas</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Araújo, Miguel B; Alagador, Diogo; Cabeza, Mar; Nogués-Bravo, David; Thuiller, Wilfried</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Europe has the world's most extensive network of conservation areas. Conservation areas are selected without taking into account the effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. How effectively would such areas conserve biodiversity under <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>? We assess the effectiveness of protected areas and the Natura 2000 network in conserving a large proportion of European plant and terrestrial vertebrate species under <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. We found that by 2080, 58 ± 2.6% of the species would lose suitable <span class="hlt">climate</span> in protected areas, whereas losses affected 63 ± 2.1% of the species of European concern occurring in Natura 2000 areas. Protected areas are expected to retain <span class="hlt">climatic</span> suitability for species better than unprotected areas (P<0.001), but Natura 2000 areas retain <span class="hlt">climate</span> suitability for species no better and sometimes less effectively than unprotected areas. The risk is high that ongoing efforts to conserve Europe's biodiversity are jeopardized by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. New policies are required to avert this risk. PMID:21447141</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26023264','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26023264"><span>Mental health effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Padhy, Susanta Kumar; Sarkar, Sidharth; Panigrahi, Mahima; Paul, Surender</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>We all know that 2014 has been declared as the hottest year globally by the Meteorological department of United States of America. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is a global challenge which is likely to affect the mankind in substantial ways. Not only <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is expected to affect physical health, it is also likely to affect mental health. Increasing ambient temperatures is likely to increase rates of aggression and violent suicides, while prolonged droughts due to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> can lead to more number of farmer suicides. Droughts otherwise can lead to impaired mental health and stress. Increased frequency of disasters with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> can lead to posttraumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorder, and depression. <span class="hlt">Changes</span> in <span class="hlt">climate</span> and global warming may require population to migrate, which can lead to acculturation stress. It can also lead to increased rates of physical illnesses, which secondarily would be associated with psychological distress. The possible effects of mitigation measures on mental health are also discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion of what can and should be done to tackle the expected mental health issues consequent to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PIAHS.379..293G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PIAHS.379..293G"><span>Impact of possible <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> on river runoff under different natural conditions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gusev, Yeugeniy M.; Nasonova, Olga N.; Kovalev, Evgeny E.; Ayzel, Georgy V.</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>The present study was carried out within the framework of the <span class="hlt">International</span> Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISI-MIP) for 11 large river basins located in different continents of the globe under a wide variety of natural conditions. The aim of the study was to investigate possible <span class="hlt">changes</span> in various characteristics of annual river runoff (mean values, standard deviations, frequency of extreme annual runoff) up to 2100 on the basis of application of the land surface model SWAP and meteorological projections simulated by five General Circulation Models (GCMs) according to four RCP scenarios. Analysis of the obtained results has shown that <span class="hlt">changes</span> in <span class="hlt">climatic</span> runoff are different (both in magnitude and sign) for the river basins located in different regions of the planet due to differences in natural (primarily <span class="hlt">climatic</span>) conditions. The <span class="hlt">climatic</span> elasticities of river runoff to <span class="hlt">changes</span> in air temperature and precipitation were estimated that makes it possible, as the first approximation, to project <span class="hlt">changes</span> in <span class="hlt">climatic</span> values of annual runoff, using the projected <span class="hlt">changes</span> in mean annual air temperature and annual precipitation for the river basins. It was found that for most rivers under study, the frequency of occurrence of extreme runoff values increases. This is true both for extremely high runoff (when the projected <span class="hlt">climatic</span> runoff increases) and for extremely low values (when the projected <span class="hlt">climatic</span> runoff decreases).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26553047','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26553047"><span>A <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> of skepticism: The factors shaping <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> coverage in the US press.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Schmid-Petri, Hannah; Adam, Silke; Schmucki, Ivo; Häussler, Thomas</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>Skepticism toward <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has a long tradition in the United States. We focus on mass media as the conveyors of the image of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and ask: Is <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> skepticism still a characteristic of US print media coverage? If so, to what degree and in what form? And which factors might pave the way for skeptics entering mass media debates? We conducted a quantitative content analysis of US print media during one year (1 June 2012 to 31 May 2013). Our results show that the debate has <span class="hlt">changed</span>: fundamental forms of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> skepticism (such as denial of anthropogenic causes) have been abandoned in the coverage, being replaced by more subtle forms (such as the goal to avoid binding regulations). We find no evidence for the norm of journalistic balance, nor do our data support the idea that it is the conservative press that boosts skepticism.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..1213731L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..1213731L"><span>Q-BIC3 - A Québec-Bavarian <span class="hlt">international</span> collaboration for adapting regional watershed management to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ludwig, Ralf</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>Adapting to the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is certainly one of the major challenges in water resources management over the next decades. Adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> risks is most crucial in this domain, since projected increase in mean air temperature in combination with an expected increase in the temporal variability of precipitation patterns will contribute to pressure on current water availability, allocation and management practices. The latter often involve the utilization of valuable infrastructure, such as dams, reservoirs and water intakes, for which adaptation options must by developed over long-term and often dynamic planning horizons. Research to establish novel methodologies for improved adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is thus very important and only beginning to emerge in regional watershed management. The presented project Q-BIC³, funded by the Bavarian Minstry for the Environment and the Québec Ministère du Développement économique, de l'Innovation et de l'Exportation, aims to develop and apply a newly designed spectrum of tools to support the improved assessment of adaptation options to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in regional watershed management. It addresses in particular selected study sites in Québec and Bavaria. The following key issues have been prioritized within Q-BIC³: i) The definition of potential adaptation options in the context of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> for pre-targeted water management key issues using a subsequent and logical chain of modelling tools (<span class="hlt">climate</span>, hydrological and water management modeling tools) ii) The definition of an approach that accounts for hydrological projection uncertainties in the search for potential adaptation options in the context of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> iii) The investigation of the required complexity in hydrological models to estimate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts and to develop specific adaptation options for Québec and Bavaria watersheds. iv) The development and prototyping of a regionally transferable and modular modelling</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/40319','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/40319"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> project screening tool: an aid for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Toni Lyn Morelli; Sharon Yeh; Nikola M. Smith; Mary Beth Hennessy; Constance I. Millar</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>To address the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, land managers need techniques for incorporating adaptation into ongoing or impending projects. We present a new tool, the <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Project Screening Tool (CPST), for integrating <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> considerations into project planning as well as for developing concrete adaptation options for land managers. We designed CPST as part of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.5449G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.5449G"><span>Teleconnections in the Presence of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>: A Case Study of the Annular Modes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gerber, Edwin; Baldwin, Mark</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>Long model integrations of future and past <span class="hlt">climates</span> present a problem for defining teleconnection patterns through Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) or correlation analysis when trends in the underlying <span class="hlt">climate</span> begin to dominate the covariance structure. Similar issues may soon appear in observations as the record becomes longer, especially if <span class="hlt">climate</span> trends accelerate. The Northern and Southern Annular Modes provide a prime example, because the poleward shift of the jet streams strongly projects onto these patterns, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> forecasts of the 21st century by chemistry <span class="hlt">climate</span> models provide a case study. Computation of the annular modes in these long data sets with secular trends requires refinement of the standard definition of the annular mode, and a more robust procedure that allows for slowly varying trends is established and verified. The new procedure involves two key <span class="hlt">changes</span>. First, the global mean geopotential height is removed at each time step before computing anomalies. This is particularly important high in the atmosphere, where seasonal variations in geopotential height become significant, and filters out trends due to <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the temperature structure of the atmosphere. Pattern definition can be very sensitive near the tropopause, as regions of the atmosphere that used to be more of stratospheric character begin to take on tropospheric characteristics as the tropopause rises. The second <span class="hlt">change</span> is to define anomalies relative to a slowly evolving seasonal climatology, so that the covariance structure reflects <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability. Once these <span class="hlt">changes</span> are accounted for, it is found that the zonal mean variability of the atmosphere stays remarkably constant, despite significant <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the baseline <span class="hlt">climate</span> forecast for the rest of the century. This stability of the <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability makes it possible to relate trends in <span class="hlt">climate</span> to teleconnections.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22526749','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22526749"><span>'<span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>, <span class="hlt">changing</span> health, <span class="hlt">changing</span> stories' profile: using an EcoHealth approach to explore impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on inuit health.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Harper, S L; Edge, V L; Cunsolo Willox, A</p> <p>2012-03-01</p> <p>Global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and its impact on public health exemplify the challenge of managing complexity and uncertainty in health research. The Canadian North is currently experiencing dramatic shifts in <span class="hlt">climate</span>, resulting in environmental <span class="hlt">changes</span> which impact Inuit livelihoods, cultural practices, and health. For researchers investigating potential <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts on Inuit health, it has become clear that comprehensive and meaningful research outcomes depend on taking a systemic and transdisciplinary approach that engages local citizens in project design, data collection, and analysis. While it is increasingly recognised that using approaches that embrace complexity is a necessity in public health, mobilizing such approaches from theory into practice can be challenging. In 2009, the Rigolet Inuit Community Government in Rigolet, Nunatsiavut, Canada partnered with a transdisciplinary team of researchers, health practitioners, and community storytelling facilitators to create the <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span>, <span class="hlt">Changing</span> Health, <span class="hlt">Changing</span> Stories project, aimed at developing a multi-media participatory, community-run methodological strategy to gather locally appropriate and meaningful data to explore <span class="hlt">climate</span>-health relationships. The goal of this profile paper is to describe how an EcoHealth approach guided by principles of transdisciplinarity, community participation, and social equity was used to plan and implement this <span class="hlt">climate</span>-health research project. An overview of the project, including project development, research methods, project outcomes to date, and challenges encountered, is presented. Though introduced in this one case study, the processes, methods, and lessons learned are broadly applicable to researchers and communities interested in implementing EcoHealth approaches in community-based research.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Change+AND+climate&pg=4&id=EJ1062283','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Change+AND+climate&pg=4&id=EJ1062283"><span>General Chemistry Students' Understanding of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> and the Chemistry Related to <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Versprille, Ashley N.; Towns, Marcy H.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>While much is known about secondary students' perspectives of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, rather less is known about undergraduate students' perspectives. The purpose of this study is to investigate general chemistry students' understanding of the chemistry underlying <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Findings that emerged from the analysis of the 24 interviews indicate that…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26580230','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26580230"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>, Health, and Communication: A Primer.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chadwick, Amy E</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is one of the most serious and pervasive challenges facing us today. Our <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> has implications not only for the ecosystems upon which we depend, but also for human health. Health communication scholars are well-positioned to aid in the mitigation of and response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and its health effects. To help theorists, researchers, and practitioners engage in these efforts, this primer explains relevant issues and vocabulary associated with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and its impacts on health. First, this primer provides an overview of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, its causes and consequences, and its impacts on health. Then, the primer describes ways to decrease impacts and identifies roles for health communication scholars in efforts to address <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and its health effects.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3290983','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3290983"><span>The Costs of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>: A Study of Cholera in Tanzania</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Trærup, Sara L. M.; Ortiz, Ramon A.; Markandya, Anil</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Increased temperatures and <span class="hlt">changes</span> in rainfall patterns as a result of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> are widely recognized to entail potentially serious consequences for human health, including an increased risk of diarrheal diseases. This study integrates historical data on temperature and rainfall with the burden of disease from cholera in Tanzania and uses socioeconomic data to control for the impacts of general development on the risk of cholera. The results show a significant relationship between temperature and the incidence of cholera. For a 1 degree Celsius temperature increase the initial relative risk of cholera increases by 15 to 29 percent. Based on the modeling results, we project the number and costs of additional cases of cholera that can be attributed to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> by 2030 in Tanzania for a 1 and 2 degree increase in temperatures, respectively. The total costs of cholera attributable to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> are shown to be in the range of 0.32 to 1.4 percent of GDP in Tanzania 2030. The results provide useful insights into national-level estimates of the implications of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on the health sector and offer information which can feed into both national and <span class="hlt">international</span> debates on financing and planning adaptation. PMID:22408580</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.3406R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.3406R"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> hampers endangered species through intensified moisture-related plant stresses</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>(Ruud) Bartholomeus, R. P.; (Flip) Witte, J. P. M.; (Peter) van Bodegom, P. M.; (Jos) van Dam, J. C.; (Rien) Aerts, R.</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>With recent <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, extremes in meteorological conditions are forecast and observed to increase globally, and to affect vegetation composition. More prolonged dry periods will alternate with more intensive rainfall events, both within and between years, which will <span class="hlt">change</span> soil moisture dynamics. In temperate <span class="hlt">climates</span>, soil moisture, in concert with nutrient availability and soil acidity, is the most important environmental filter in determining local plant species composition, as it determines the availability of both oxygen and water to plant roots. These resources are indispensable for meeting the physiological demands of plants. The consequences of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> for our natural environment are among the most pressing issues of our time. The <span class="hlt">international</span> research community is beginning to realise that <span class="hlt">climate</span> extremes may be more powerful drivers of vegetation <span class="hlt">change</span> and species extinctions than slow-and-steady <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span>, but the causal mechanisms of such <span class="hlt">changes</span> are presently unknown. The roles of amplitudes in water availability as drivers of vegetation <span class="hlt">change</span> have been particularly elusive owing to the lack of integration of the key variables involved. Here we show that the combined effect of increased rainfall variability, temperature and atmospheric CO2-concentration will lead to an increased variability in both wet and dry extremes in stresses faced by plants (oxygen and water stress, respectively). We simulated these plant stresses with a novel, process-based approach, incorporating in detail the interacting processes in the soil-plant-atmosphere interface. In order to quantify oxygen and water stress with causal measures, we focused on interacting meteorological, soil physical, microbial, and plant physiological processes in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. The first physiological process inhibited at high soil moisture contents is plant root respiration, i.e. oxygen consumption in the roots, which responds to increased temperatures. High</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/39049','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/39049"><span>Ecological dynamics across the Arctic associated with recent <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Eric Post; Mads C. Forchhammer; M. Syndonia Bret-Harte; Terry V. Callaghan; Torben R. Christensen; Bo Elberling; Anthony D. Fox; Olivier Gilg; David S. Hik; Toke T. Høye; Rolf A. Ims; Erik Jeppesen; David R. Klein; Jesper Madsen; A. David McGuire; Søren Rysgaard; Daniel E. Schindler; Ian Stirling; Mikkel P. Tamstorf; Nicholas J.C. Tyler; Rene van der Wal; Jeffrey Welker; Philip A. Wookey; Niels Martin Schmidt; Peter Aastrup</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>At the close of the Fourth <span class="hlt">International</span> Polar Year, we take stock of the ecological consequences of recent <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in the Arctic, focusing on effects at population, community, and ecosystem scales. Despite the buffering effect of landscape heterogeneity, Arctic ecosystems and the trophic relationships that structure them have been severely perturbed. These...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGC31I..01N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGC31I..01N"><span>The essential interactions between understanding <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Neelin, J. D.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Global <span class="hlt">change</span> is sometimes perceived as a field separate from other aspects of atmospheric and oceanic sciences. Despite the long history of communication between the scientific communities studying global <span class="hlt">change</span> and those studying interannual variability and weather, increasing specialization and conflicting societal demands on the fields can put these interactions at risk. At the same time, current trajectories for greenhouse gas emissions imply substantial adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will be necessary. Instead of simply projecting effects to be avoided, the field is increasingly being asked to provide regional-level information for specific adaptation strategies—with associated requirements for increased precision on projections. For extreme events, challenges include validating models for rare events, especially for events that are unprecedented in the historical record. These factors will be illustrated with examples of information transfer to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> from work on fundamental <span class="hlt">climate</span> processes aimed originally at timescales from hours to interannual. Work to understand the effects that control probability distributions of moisture, temperature and precipitation in historical weather can yield new factors to examine for the <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the extremes of these distributions under <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Surprisingly simple process models can give insights into the behavior of vastly more complex <span class="hlt">climate</span> models. Observation systems and model ensembles aimed at weather and interannual variations prove valuable for global <span class="hlt">change</span> and vice versa. Work on teleconnections in the <span class="hlt">climate</span> system, such as the remote impacts of El Niño, is informing analysis of projected regional rainfall <span class="hlt">change</span> over California. Young scientists need to prepare to work across the full spectrum of <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability and <span class="hlt">change</span>, and to communicate their findings, as they and our society head for future that is more interesting than optimal.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/841471','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/841471"><span>Tools for Teaching <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Studies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Maestas, A.M.; Jones, L.A.</p> <p>2005-03-18</p> <p>The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Research Facility (ACRF) develops public outreach materials and educational resources for schools. Studies prove that science education in rural and indigenous communities improves when educators integrate regional knowledge of <span class="hlt">climate</span> and environmental issues into school curriculum and public outreach materials. In order to promote understanding of ACRF <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> studies, ACRF Education and Outreach has developed interactive kiosks about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> for host communities close to the research sites. A kiosk for the North Slope of Alaska (NSA) community was installed at the Iupiat Heritage Center in 2003, and a kiosk for the Tropical Westernmore » Pacific locales will be installed in 2005. The kiosks feature interviews with local community elders, regional agency officials, and Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program scientists, which highlight both research and local observations of some aspects of environmental and <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in the Arctic and Pacific. The kiosks offer viewers a unique opportunity to learn about the environmental concerns and knowledge of respected community elders, and to also understand state-of-the-art <span class="hlt">climate</span> research. An archive of interviews from the communities will also be distributed with supplemental lessons and activities to encourage teachers and students to compare and contrast <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> studies and oral history observations from two distinct locations. The U.S. Department of Energy's ACRF supports education and outreach efforts for communities and schools located near its sites. ACRF Education and Outreach has developed interactive kiosks at the request of the communities to provide an opportunity for the public to learn about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> from both scientific and indigenous perspectives. Kiosks include interviews with ARM scientists and provide users with basic information about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> studies as well as interviews with elders and community leaders</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28437850','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28437850"><span>Public Perception of Uncertainties Within <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Science.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Visschers, Vivianne H M</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is a complex, multifaceted problem involving various interacting systems and actors. Therefore, the intensities, locations, and timeframes of the consequences of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> are hard to predict and cause uncertainties. Relatively little is known about how the public perceives this scientific uncertainty and how this relates to their concern about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. In this article, an online survey among 306 Swiss people is reported that investigated whether people differentiate between different types of uncertainty in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> research. Also examined was the way in which the perception of uncertainty is related to people's concern about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, their trust in science, their knowledge about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and their political attitude. The results of a principal component analysis showed that respondents differentiated between perceived ambiguity in <span class="hlt">climate</span> research, measurement uncertainty, and uncertainty about the future impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Using structural equation modeling, it was found that only perceived ambiguity was directly related to concern about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, whereas measurement uncertainty and future uncertainty were not. Trust in <span class="hlt">climate</span> science was strongly associated with each type of uncertainty perception and was indirectly associated with concern about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Also, more knowledge about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> was related to less strong perceptions of each type of <span class="hlt">climate</span> science uncertainty. Hence, it is suggested that to increase public concern about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, it may be especially important to consider the perceived ambiguity about <span class="hlt">climate</span> research. Efforts that foster trust in <span class="hlt">climate</span> science also appear highly worthwhile. © 2017 Society for Risk Analysis.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ThApC.113..225A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ThApC.113..225A"><span>Adapting agriculture to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: a review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Anwar, Muhuddin Rajin; Liu, De Li; Macadam, Ian; Kelly, Georgina</p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>The agricultural sector is highly vulnerable to future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> and <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability, including increases in the incidence of extreme <span class="hlt">climate</span> events. <span class="hlt">Changes</span> in temperature and precipitation will result in <span class="hlt">changes</span> in land and water regimes that will subsequently affect agricultural productivity. Given the gradual <span class="hlt">change</span> of <span class="hlt">climate</span> in the past, historically, farmers have adapted in an autonomous manner. However, with large and discrete <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> anticipated by the end of this century, planned and transformational <span class="hlt">changes</span> will be needed. In light of these, the focus of this review is on farm-level and farmers responses to the challenges of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> both spatially and over time. In this review of adapting agriculture to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, the nature, extent, and causes of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> are analyzed and assessed. These provide the context for adapting agriculture to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The review identifies the binding constraints to adaptation at the farm level. Four major priority areas are identified to relax these constraints, where new initiatives would be required, i.e., information generation and dissemination to enhance farm-level awareness, research and development (R&D) in agricultural technology, policy formulation that facilitates appropriate adaptation at the farm level, and strengthening partnerships among the relevant stakeholders. Forging partnerships among R&D providers, policy makers, extension agencies, and farmers would be at the heart of transformational adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> at the farm level. In effecting this transformational <span class="hlt">change</span>, sustained efforts would be needed for the attendant requirements of <span class="hlt">climate</span> and weather forecasting and innovation, farmer's training, and further research to improve the quality of information, invention, and application in agriculture. The investment required for these would be highly significant. The review suggests a sequenced approach through grouping research initiatives into short</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMED33B0900O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMED33B0900O"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Education for General Education Faculty</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ozbay, G.; Fox-Lykens, R.; Fuoco, M. J.; Phalen, L.; Harcourt, P.; Veron, D. E.; Rogers, M.; Merrill, J.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>As MADE-CLEAR scientists, our ultimate goal is to inform the public about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> through education. Education will provide citizens with important tools for adapting and coping against <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> through the understanding of the cause and effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and the role they play in counteracting these effects. MADE-CLEAR is connecting educators with resources such as lesson plans and hands-on activities so they can easily incorporate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> into their curriculum. This past year Delaware State University held workshops for Chemistry and Math faculty to provide information and resources to help integrate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> education into their classes. We presented them with information on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and demonstrated several laboratory activities that would be applicable to their classes. Such activities included a sea level rise graphing exercise, ocean acidification pH demonstration, ocean acidification's effect on organism's demonstration, carbon dioxide variability and heat trapping gas simulation. The goals of the workshops are to implement a multidisciplinary approach in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> education. Workshops are prepared hands-on heavy followed by the lectures and video resources. Pre- and post-workshop assessment questions on the workshop contents are provided to monitor faculty understanding of the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> content. In doing so, we aim to improve <span class="hlt">climate</span> literacy in our higher education students.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24955649','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24955649"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> and atmosphere simulator for experiments on ecological systems in <span class="hlt">changing</span> environments.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Verdier, Bruno; Jouanneau, Isabelle; Simonnet, Benoit; Rabin, Christian; Van Dooren, Tom J M; Delpierre, Nicolas; Clobert, Jean; Abbadie, Luc; Ferrière, Régis; Le Galliard, Jean-François</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Grand challenges in global <span class="hlt">change</span> research and environmental science raise the need for replicated experiments on ecosystems subjected to controlled <span class="hlt">changes</span> in multiple environmental factors. We designed and developed the Ecolab as a variable <span class="hlt">climate</span> and atmosphere simulator for multifactor experimentation on natural or artificial ecosystems. The Ecolab integrates atmosphere conditioning technology optimized for accuracy and reliability. The centerpiece is a highly contained, 13-m(3) chamber to host communities of aquatic and terrestrial species and control <span class="hlt">climate</span> (temperature, humidity, rainfall, irradiance) and atmosphere conditions (O2 and CO2 concentrations). Temperature in the atmosphere and in the water or soil column can be controlled independently of each other. All <span class="hlt">climatic</span> and atmospheric variables can be programmed to follow dynamical trajectories and simulate gradual as well as step <span class="hlt">changes</span>. We demonstrate the Ecolab's capacity to simulate a broad range of atmospheric and <span class="hlt">climatic</span> conditions, their diurnal and seasonal variations, and to support the growth of a model terrestrial plant in two contrasting <span class="hlt">climate</span> scenarios. The adaptability of the Ecolab design makes it possible to study interactions between variable <span class="hlt">climate</span>-atmosphere factors and biotic disturbances. Developed as an open-access, multichamber platform, this equipment is available to the <span class="hlt">international</span> scientific community for exploring interactions and feedbacks between ecological and <span class="hlt">climate</span> systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11087028','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11087028"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and forest fires.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Flannigan, M D; Stocks, B J; Wotton, B M</p> <p>2000-11-15</p> <p>This paper addresses the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on forest fires and describes how this, in turn, will impact on the forests of the United States. In addition to reviewing existing studies on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and forest fires we have used two transient general circulation models (GCMs), namely the Hadley Centre and the Canadian GCMs, to estimate fire season severity in the middle of the next century. Ratios of 2 x CO2 seasonal severity rating (SSR) over present day SSR were calculated for the means and maximums for North America. The results suggest that the SSR will increase by 10-50% over most of North America; although, there are regions of little <span class="hlt">change</span> or where the SSR may decrease by the middle of the next century. Increased SSRs should translate into increased forest fire activity. Thus, forest fires could be viewed as an agent of <span class="hlt">change</span> for US forests as the fire regime will respond rapidly to <span class="hlt">climate</span> warming. This <span class="hlt">change</span> in the fire regime has the potential to overshadow the direct effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on species distribution and migration.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3145734','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3145734"><span>Recent ecological responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> support predictions of high extinction risk</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Maclean, Ilya M. D.; Wilson, Robert J.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Predicted effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> include high extinction risk for many species, but confidence in these predictions is undermined by a perceived lack of empirical support. Many studies have now documented ecological responses to recent <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, providing the opportunity to test whether the magnitude and nature of recent responses match predictions. Here, we perform a global and multitaxon metaanalysis to show that empirical evidence for the realized effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> supports predictions of future extinction risk. We use <span class="hlt">International</span> Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria as a common scale to estimate extinction risks from a wide range of <span class="hlt">climate</span> impacts, ecological responses, and methods of analysis, and we compare predictions with observations. Mean extinction probability across studies making predictions of the future effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> was 7% by 2100 compared with 15% based on observed responses. After taking account of possible bias in the type of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impact analyzed and the parts of the world and taxa studied, there was less discrepancy between the two approaches: predictions suggested a mean extinction probability of 10% across taxa and regions, whereas empirical evidence gave a mean probability of 14%. As well as mean overall extinction probability, observations also supported predictions in terms of variability in extinction risk and the relative risk associated with broad taxonomic groups and geographic regions. These results suggest that predictions are robust to methodological assumptions and provide strong empirical support for the assertion that anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is now a major threat to global biodiversity. PMID:21746924</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21746924','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21746924"><span>Recent ecological responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> support predictions of high extinction risk.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Maclean, Ilya M D; Wilson, Robert J</p> <p>2011-07-26</p> <p>Predicted effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> include high extinction risk for many species, but confidence in these predictions is undermined by a perceived lack of empirical support. Many studies have now documented ecological responses to recent <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, providing the opportunity to test whether the magnitude and nature of recent responses match predictions. Here, we perform a global and multitaxon metaanalysis to show that empirical evidence for the realized effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> supports predictions of future extinction risk. We use <span class="hlt">International</span> Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria as a common scale to estimate extinction risks from a wide range of <span class="hlt">climate</span> impacts, ecological responses, and methods of analysis, and we compare predictions with observations. Mean extinction probability across studies making predictions of the future effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> was 7% by 2100 compared with 15% based on observed responses. After taking account of possible bias in the type of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impact analyzed and the parts of the world and taxa studied, there was less discrepancy between the two approaches: predictions suggested a mean extinction probability of 10% across taxa and regions, whereas empirical evidence gave a mean probability of 14%. As well as mean overall extinction probability, observations also supported predictions in terms of variability in extinction risk and the relative risk associated with broad taxonomic groups and geographic regions. These results suggest that predictions are robust to methodological assumptions and provide strong empirical support for the assertion that anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is now a major threat to global biodiversity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?direntryid=326931','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?direntryid=326931"><span>Managing <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Refugia for Biodiversity ...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> threatens to create fundamental shifts in in the distributions and abundances of species. Given projected losses, increased emphasis on management for ecosystem resilience to help buffer fish and wildlife populations against <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is emerging. Such efforts stake a claim for an adaptive, anticipatory planning response to the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> threat. To be effective, approaches will need to address critical uncertainties in both the physical basis for projected landscape <span class="hlt">changes</span>, as well as the biological responses of organisms. Recent efforts define future potential <span class="hlt">climate</span> refugia based on air temperatures and associated microclimatic <span class="hlt">changes</span>. These efforts reflect the relatively strong conceptual foundation for linkages between regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and local responses and thermal dynamics. Yet important questions remain. Drawing on case studies, we illustrate some key uncertainties in the responses of species and their habitats to altered hydro-<span class="hlt">climatic</span> regimes currently not well addressed by physical or ecological models. These uncertainties need not delay anticipatory planning, but rather highlight the need for identification and communication of actions with high probabilities of success, and targeted research within an adaptive management framework.In this workshop, we will showcase the latest science on <span class="hlt">climate</span> refugia and participants will interact through small group discussions, relevant examples, and facilitated dialogue to i</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ems..confE.415J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ems..confE.415J"><span>European information on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts, vulnerability and adaptation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jol, A.; Isoard, S.</p> <p>2010-09-01</p> <p>Vulnerability to natural and technological disasters is increasing due to a combination of intensifying land use, increasing industrial development, further urban expansion and expanding infrastructure and also <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. At EU level the European Commission's White Paper on adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> (published in 2009) highlights that adaptation actions should be focused on the most vulnerable areas and communities in Europe (e.g. mountains, coastal areas, river flood prone areas, Mediterranean, Arctic). Mainstreaming of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> into existing EU policies will be a key policy, including within the Water Framework Directive, Marine Strategy Framework Directive, Nature protection and biodiversity policies, integrated coastal zone management, other (sectoral) policies (agriculture, forestry, energy, transport, health) and disaster risk prevention. 2010 is the <span class="hlt">international</span> year on biodiversity and the Conference of Parties of the biodiversity convention will meet in autumn 2010 (Japan) to discuss amongst other post-2010 strategies, objectives and indicators. Both within the Biodiversity Convention (CBD) and the <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Convention (UNFCCC) there is increasing recognition of the need for integration of biodiversity conservation into <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> mitigation and adaptation activities. Furthermore a number of European countries and also some regions have started to prepare and/or have adopted national adaptation plans or frameworks. Sharing of good practices on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> vulnerability methods and adaptation actions is so far limited, but is essential to improve such plans, at national, sub national and local level where much of the adaptation action is already taking place and will be expanding in future, also involving increasingly the business community. The EU Clearinghouse on CC impacts, vulnerability and adaptation should address these needs and it is planned to be operational end of 2011. The EEA is expected to have a role in its</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1253547','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1253547"><span>Conceptual Model of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Impacts at LANL</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Dewart, Jean Marie</p> <p></p> <p>Goal 9 of the LANL FY15 Site Sustainability Plan (LANL 2014a) addresses <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Adaptation. As part of Goal 9, the plan reviews many of the individual programs the Laboratory has initiated over the past 20 years to address <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts to LANL (e.g. Wildland Fire Management Plan, Forest Management Plan, etc.). However, at that time, LANL did not yet have a comprehensive approach to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation. To fill this gap, the FY15 Work Plan for the LANL Long Term Strategy for Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability (LANL 2015) included a goal of (1) establishing a comprehensive conceptual modelmore » of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts at LANL and (2) establishing specific <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> indices to measure <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and impacts at Los Alamos. Establishing a conceptual model of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts will demonstrate that the Laboratory is addressing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts in a comprehensive manner. This paper fulfills the requirement of goal 1. The establishment of specific indices of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> at Los Alamos (goal 2), will improve our ability to determine <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> vulnerabilities and assess risk. Future work will include prioritizing risks, evaluating options/technologies/costs, and where appropriate, taking actions. To develop a comprehensive conceptual model of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts, we selected the framework provided in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Resilience Toolkit (http://toolkit.<span class="hlt">climate</span>.gov/).« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.2313O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.2313O"><span>Making <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> tangible for strategic adaptation planning: The <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Corridor Approach</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Orlowsky, Boris; Calanca, Pierluigi; Ali, Irshad; Ali, Jawad; Elguera Hilares, Agustin; Huggel, Christian; Khan, Inamullah; Neukom, Raphael; Nizami, Arjumand; Qazi, Muhammad Abbas; Robledo, Carmenza; Rohrer, Mario; Salzmann, Nadine; Schmidt, Kaspar</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is a global phenomenon and difficult to grasp. Although its importance is generally acknowledged, impacts of (future) <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on human activities are in many cases not taken into account explicitly, in particular when planning development projects. This is due to technical and conceptual challenges, missing financial and human resources and competing priorities. Neglecting <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> can become problematic, if a proposed activity requires specific climatological conditions under which it becomes feasible, a simple example being crop cultivation that needs certain temperature an d precipitation ranges. Comparing such ``<span class="hlt">climate</span> corridors'' to future <span class="hlt">climate</span> projections provides an intuitive and low-cost yet quantitative means for assessing needs for, and viability of, adaptation activities under <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> - a "poor man's approach" to <span class="hlt">climate</span> suitability analysis. A chief advantage of this approach is its modest demand on data. Three case studies from Pakistan, Peru and Tajikistan show that <span class="hlt">climate</span> corridor analysis can deliver robust results and can be used to efficiently communicate risks and challenges of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> to partners and stakeholders in the developing countries.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..1112627H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..1112627H"><span>Water management to cope with and adapt to <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability and <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hamdy, A.; Trisorio-Liuzzi, G.</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>In many parts of the world, variability in <span class="hlt">climatic</span> conditions is already resulting in major impacts. These impacts are wide ranging and the link to water management problems is obvious and profound. The know-how and the available information undoubtedly indicate that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will lead to an intensification of the global hydrological cycle and can have major impacts on regional water resources, affecting both ground and surface water supply for sectorial water uses and, in particular, the irrigation field imposing notable negative effects on food security and poverty alleviation programs in most arid and semi-arid developing countries. At the United Nations Millennium Summit, in September 2000, world leaders adopted the Millennium Development Declaration. From this declaration, the IWRM was recognised as the key concept the water sector should be using for water related development and measures and, hence, for achieving the water related MDG's. However, the potential impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and increasing <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability are not sufficiently addressed in the IWRM plans. Indeed, only a very limited IWRM national plans have been prepared, coping with <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability and <span class="hlt">changes</span>. This is mainly due to the lack of operational instruments to deal with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability issues. This is particularly true in developing countries where the financial, human and ecological impacts are potentially greatest and where water resources may be already highly stressed, but the capacity to cope and adapt is weakest. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has now brought realities including mainly rising temperatures and increasing frequency of floods and droughts that present new challenges to be addressed by the IWRM practice. There are already several regional and <span class="hlt">international</span> initiatives underway that focus on various aspects of water resources management those to be linked with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> and vulnerability issues. This is the way where the water resources</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/48497','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/48497"><span>Knowing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, embodying <span class="hlt">climate</span> praxis: experiential knowledge in southern Appalachia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Jennifer L. Rice; Brian J. Burke; Nik Heynen</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Whether used to support or impede action, scientific knowledge is now, more than ever, the primary framework for political discourse on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. As a consequence, science has become a hegemonic way of knowing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> by mainstream <span class="hlt">climate</span> politics, which not only limits the actors and actions deemed legitimate in <span class="hlt">climate</span> politics but also silences...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1919195V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1919195V"><span>A global database with parallel measurements to study non-<span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Venema, Victor; Auchman, Renate; Aguilar, Enric</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>In this work we introduce the rationale behind the ongoing compilation of a parallel measurements database, in the framework of the <span class="hlt">International</span> Surface Temperatures Initiative (ISTI) and with the support of the World Meteorological Organization. We intend this database to become instrumental for a better understanding of inhomogeneities affecting the evaluation of long-term <span class="hlt">changes</span> in daily <span class="hlt">climate</span> data. Long instrumental <span class="hlt">climate</span> records are usually affected by non-<span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span>, due to, e.g., (i) station re- locations, (ii) instrument height <span class="hlt">changes</span>, (iii) instrumentation <span class="hlt">changes</span>, (iv) observing environment <span class="hlt">changes</span>, (v) different sampling intervals or data collection procedures, among others. These so-called inhomogeneities distort the <span class="hlt">climate</span> signal and can hamper the assessment of long-term trends and variability of <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Thus to study <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> we need to accurately distinguish non-<span class="hlt">climatic</span> and <span class="hlt">climatic</span> signals. The most direct way to study the influence of non-<span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> on the distribution and to understand the reasons for these biases is the analysis of parallel measurements representing the old and new situation (in terms of e.g. instruments, location, different radiation shields, etc.). According to the limited number of available studies and our understanding of the causes of inhomogeneity, we expect that they will have a strong impact on the tails of the distribution of air temperatures and most likely of other <span class="hlt">climate</span> elements. Our abilities to statistically homogenize daily data will be increased by systematically studying different causes of inhomogeneity replicated through parallel measurements. Current studies of non-<span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> using parallel data are limited to local and regional case studies. However, the effect of specific transitions depends on the local <span class="hlt">climate</span> and the most interesting <span class="hlt">climatic</span> questions are about the systematic large-scale biases produced by transitions that occurred in many regions. Important</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA476789','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA476789"><span>Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>: Threat Multiplier for AFRICOM?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2007-11-06</p> <p><span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> , stability for Africa hinges upon mitigating the effects of global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> to prevent future conflicts such as Darfur, and the...instability that fosters terrorism. The National Security Act of 2010 will formally address <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and the planning requirement for the threat...of Responsibility (AOR). He will need to integrate multinational and multiagency cooperation to address <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> forecasts. The author</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26151221','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26151221"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>-related migration and infectious disease.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>McMichael, Celia</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will have significant impacts on both human migration and population health, including infectious disease. It will amplify and alter migration pathways, and will contribute to the <span class="hlt">changing</span> ecology and transmission dynamics of infectious disease. However there has been limited consideration of the intersections between migration and health in the context of a <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>. This article argues that <span class="hlt">climate-change</span> related migration - in conjunction with other drivers of migration - will contribute to <span class="hlt">changing</span> profiles of infectious disease. It considers infectious disease risks for different <span class="hlt">climate</span>-related migration pathways, including: forced displacement, slow-onset migration particularly to urban-poor areas, planned resettlement, and labor migration associated with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation initiatives. Migration can reduce vulnerability to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, but it is critical to better understand and respond to health impacts - including infectious diseases - for migrant populations and host communities.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160007857','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160007857"><span>Using Remotely Sensed Data for <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Mitigation and Adaptation: A Collaborative Effort Between the <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Adaptation Science Investigators Workgroup (CASI), NASA Johnson Space Center, and Jacobs Technology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Jagge, Amy</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>With ever <span class="hlt">changing</span> landscapes and environmental conditions due to human induced <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, adaptability is imperative for the long-term success of facilities and Federal agency missions. To mitigate the effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, indicators such as above-ground biomass <span class="hlt">change</span> must be identified to establish a comprehensive monitoring effort. Researching the varying effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on ecosystems can provide a scientific framework that will help produce informative, strategic and tactical policies for environmental adaptation. As a proactive approach to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> mitigation, NASA tasked the <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Adaptation Science Investigators Workgroup (CASI) to provide <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> expertise and data to Center facility managers and planners in order to ensure sustainability based on predictive models and current research. Generation of historical datasets that will be used in an agency-wide effort to establish strategies for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> mitigation and adaptation at NASA facilities is part of the CASI strategy. Using time series of historical remotely sensed data is well-established means of measuring <span class="hlt">change</span> over time. CASI investigators have acquired multispectral and hyperspectral optical and LiDAR remotely sensed datasets from NASA Earth Observation Satellites (including the <span class="hlt">International</span> Space Station), airborne sensors, and astronaut photography using hand held digital cameras to create a historical dataset for the Johnson Space Center, as well as the Houston and Galveston area. The raster imagery within each dataset has been georectified, and the multispectral and hyperspectral imagery has been atmospherically corrected. Using ArcGIS for Server, the CASI-Regional Remote Sensing data has been published as an image service, and can be visualized through a basic web mapping application. Future work will include a customized web mapping application created using a JavaScript Application Programming Interface (API), and inclusion of the CASI data</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://doaj.org/toc/1578-665X/28/1','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://doaj.org/toc/1578-665X/28/1"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and amphibians</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Corn, P.S.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>Amphibian life histories are exceedingly sensitive to temperature and precipitation, and there is good evidence that recent <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has already resulted in a shift to breeding earlier in the year for some species. There are also suggestions that the recent increase in the occurrence of El Niño events has caused declines of anurans in Central America and is linked to elevated mortality of amphibian embryos in the northwestern United States. However, evidence linking amphibian declines in Central America to <span class="hlt">climate</span> relies solely on correlations, and the mechanisms underlying the declines are not understood. Connections between embryo mortality and declines in abundance have not been demonstrated. Analyses of existing data have generally failed to find a link between <span class="hlt">climate</span> and amphibian declines. It is likely, however, that future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will cause further declines of some amphibian species. Reduced soil moisture could reduce prey species and eliminate habitat. Reduced snowfall and increased summer evaporation could have dramatic effects on the duration or occurrence of seasonal wetlands, which are primary habitat for many species of amphibians. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> may be a relatively minor cause of current amphibian declines, but it may be the biggest future challenge to the persistence of many species</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JHyd..549..534C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JHyd..549..534C"><span>Impacts of weighting <span class="hlt">climate</span> models for hydro-meteorological <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> studies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, Jie; Brissette, François P.; Lucas-Picher, Philippe; Caya, Daniel</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>Weighting <span class="hlt">climate</span> models is controversial in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impact studies using an ensemble of <span class="hlt">climate</span> simulations from different <span class="hlt">climate</span> models. In <span class="hlt">climate</span> science, there is a general consensus that all <span class="hlt">climate</span> models should be considered as having equal performance or in other words that all projections are equiprobable. On the other hand, in the impacts and adaptation community, many believe that <span class="hlt">climate</span> models should be weighted based on their ability to better represent various metrics over a reference period. The debate appears to be partly philosophical in nature as few studies have investigated the impact of using weights in projecting future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span>. The present study focuses on the impact of assigning weights to <span class="hlt">climate</span> models for hydrological <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> studies. Five methods are used to determine weights on an ensemble of 28 global <span class="hlt">climate</span> models (GCMs) adapted from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) database. Using a hydrological model, streamflows are computed over a reference (1961-1990) and future (2061-2090) periods, with and without post-processing <span class="hlt">climate</span> model outputs. The impacts of using different weighting schemes for GCM simulations are then analyzed in terms of ensemble mean and uncertainty. The results show that weighting GCMs has a limited impact on both projected future <span class="hlt">climate</span> in term of precipitation and temperature <span class="hlt">changes</span> and hydrology in terms of nine different streamflow criteria. These results apply to both raw and post-processed GCM model outputs, thus supporting the view that <span class="hlt">climate</span> models should be considered equiprobable.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFM.C13A0569A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFM.C13A0569A"><span>Double Exposure: Photographing <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Arnold, D. P.; Wake, C. P.; Romanow, G. B.</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>Double Exposure, Photographing <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>, is a fine-art photography exhibition that examines <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> through the prism of melting glaciers. The photographs are twinned shots of glaciers, taken in the mid-20th century by world-renowned photographer Brad Washburn, and in the past two years by Boston journalist/photographer David Arnold. Arnold flew in Washburn's aerial "footprints", replicating stunning black and white photographs, and documenting one irreversible aspect of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Double Exposure is art with a purpose. It is designed to educate, alarm and inspire its audiences. Its power lies in its beauty and the shocking <span class="hlt">changes</span> it has captured through a camera lens. The interpretive text, guided by numerous experts in the fields of glaciology, global warming and geology, helps convey the message that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has already forced permanent <span class="hlt">changes</span> on the face of our planet. The traveling exhibit premiered at Boston's Museum of Science in April and is now criss-crossing the nation. The exhibit covers <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the 15 glaciers that have been photographed as well as related information about global warming's effect on the planet today.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20165607','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20165607"><span>India's National Action Plan on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pandve, Harshal T</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is one of the most critical global challenges of our times. Recent events have emphatically demonstrated our growing vulnerability to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts will range from affecting agriculture - further endangering food security - to sea-level rise and the accelerated erosion of coastal zones, increasing intensity of natural disasters, species extinction, and the spread of vector-borne diseases. India released its much-awaited National Action Plan on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (NAPCC) to mitigate and adapt to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on June 30, 2008, almost a year after it was announced. The NAPCC runs through 2017 and directs ministries to submit detailed implementation plans to the Prime Minister's Council on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> by December 2008. This article briefly reviews the plan and opinion about it from different experts and organizations.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMED11E..04B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMED11E..04B"><span><span class="hlt">Changing</span> Minds about the <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span>: a Longitudinal Study of the Impacts of a <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Curriculum on Undergraduate Student Knowledge and Attitudes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Burkholder, K. C.; Mooney, S.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>In the fall of 2013, 24 sophomore students enrolled in a three-course Learning Community entitled "The Ethics and Science of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>." This learning community was comprised of two disciplinary courses in environmental ethics and environmental science as well as a seminar course in which the students designed and delivered <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> education events in the community beyond campus. Students were surveyed prior to and upon completion of the semester using a variant of the Yale <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Literacy Survey in order to assess their knowledge of and attitudes towards <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. An analysis of those survey results demonstrated that the non-traditional curriculum resulted in significant improvements that extended beyond disciplinary knowledge of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: the student attitudes about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and our cultural response to the issues associated with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> shifted as well. Finally, a third administration of the survey (n=17) plus follow up interviews with 10 of those original students conducted during the students' senior year in 2016 suggest that the <span class="hlt">changes</span> that the students underwent as sophomores were largely retained.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMPA23B1755D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMPA23B1755D"><span>Antarctica and Global Environmental <span class="hlt">Change</span> - Lessons from the Past Inform <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Policy Today</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dunbar, R. B.; Scientific Team Of Odp Drilling Leg 318; Andrill Science Team</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>Antarctic's continental ice, sea ice, and the broader Southern Ocean form a coupled and complex <span class="hlt">climate</span> system that interacts in important yet poorly understood ways with the low and mid-latitudes. Because of its unusual sovereignty status and the fact that there is no indigenous human population, information about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in Antarctica penetrates the policy world less readily than findings from other regions. Yet, Antarctica's potential to impact <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> globally is disproportionately large. Vulnerable portions of the ice sheet may contribute up to 3 to 5 meters of sea level rise in the coming centuries, including significant amounts within the next 50 years. Loss of sea ice and other <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the Southern Ocean may reduce oceanic uptake of excess atmospheric carbon dioxide, exacerbating global warming worldwide. Antarctica's impact on the Southern Hemisphere wind field is now well-established, contributing to ongoing decadal-scale perturbations in continental precipitation as well as major reorganizations of Southern Ocean food chains. Recent scientific drilling programs in the Ross Sea and off Wilkes Land, Antarctica, provide valuable insights into past <span class="hlt">climatic</span> and biogeochemical <span class="hlt">change</span> in Antarctica, insights of great relevance to <span class="hlt">international</span> and national <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> policy. In this paper, we discuss polar amplification, sea level variability coupled to Antarctic ice volume, and response timescales as seen through the lens of past <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. One key result emerging from multiple drilling programs is recognition of unanticipated dynamism in the Antarctic ice sheet during portions of the Pliocene (at a time with pCO2 levels equivalent to those anticipated late this century) as well as during "super-interglacials" of the Pleistocene. Evidence for substantially warmer ocean temperatures and reduced sea ice cover at these times suggests that polar amplification of natural <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability, even under scenarios of relative small amounts</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMPA51B1807R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMPA51B1807R"><span>One Strategy for Reducing Uncertainty in <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Communications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Romm, J.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>Future impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> are invariably presented with a very wide range of impacts reflecting two different sets of uncertainties. The first concerns our uncertainty about precisely how much greenhouse gas emissions humanity will emit into the atmosphere. The second concerns our uncertainty about precisely what impact those emissions will have on the <span class="hlt">climate</span>. By failing to distinguish between these two types of uncertainties, <span class="hlt">climate</span> scientists have not clearly explained to the public and policymakers what the scientific literature suggests is likely to happen if we don't substantially alter our current emissions path. Indeed, much of <span class="hlt">climate</span> communications has been built around describing the range of impacts from emissions paths that are increasingly implausible given political and technological constraints, such as a stabilization at 450 or 550 parts per million atmospheric of carbon dioxide. For the past decade, human emissions of greenhouse gases have trended near the worst-case scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>, emissions paths that reach 800 ppm or even 1000 ppm. The current policies of the two biggest emitters, the United States and China, coupled with the ongoing failure of <span class="hlt">international</span> negotiations to come to an agreement on restricting emissions, suggests that recent trends will continue for the foreseeable future. This in turn suggests that greater clarity in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> communications could be achieved by more clearly explaining to the public what the scientific literature suggests the range of impacts are for our current high emissions path. This also suggests that more focus should be given in the scientific literature to better constraining the range of impacts from the high emissions scenarios.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24695031','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24695031"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and managing water crisis: Pakistan's perspective.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hussain, Mumtaz; Mumtaz, Saniea</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is a global phenomenon manifested mainly through global warming. The <span class="hlt">International</span> Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (IPCC) has reported its negative consequences on natural resources, anthropogenic activities, and natural disasters. The El Nino and La Nina have affected hydrologic regimes and ecosystems. It has been observed that the average temperature in 1995 was 0.4°C higher than that in 1895. By the end of the 21st century, 10% of the area of Bangladesh is likely to be submerged by the sea. Most of the islands of Pacific Ocean will disappear. A major part of Maldives will be submerged. The sea level is expected to rise by 30-150 cm. Extreme events such as floods, cyclones, tsunamis, and droughts have become regular phenomena in many parts of the world. Other adverse impacts are proliferation of water-borne diseases, sea water intrusion, salinization of coastal areas, loss of biodiversity, eco-degradation of watersheds and global glacial decline, and haphazard snow melts/thaws. In turn, these factors have serious effect on water resources. Pakistan is confronting similar <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Meteorological data reveal that winter temperatures are rising and summers are getting cooler. Temperature is expected to increase by 0.9°C and 1.5°C by years 2020 and 2050, respectively. Water resources in Pakistan are affected by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> as it impacts the behavior of glaciers, rainfall patterns, greenhouse gas emissions, recurrence of extreme events such as floods and droughts. Severe floods have occurred in the years 1950, 1956, 1957, 1973, 1976, 1978, 1988, 1992, 2010, 2011, and 2012. Pakistan has faced the worst-ever droughts during the period from 1998 to 2004. Pakistan has surface water potential of 140 million acre feet (MAF) and underground water reserve of 56 MAF. It is one of the most water-stressed countries in the world. The per capita annual availability of water has reduced from 5140 m3 in 1950 to 1000 m3 now. It is fast approaching towards water</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5013467','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5013467"><span>Projected <span class="hlt">change</span> in global fisheries revenues under <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lam, Vicky W. Y.; Cheung, William W. L.; Reygondeau, Gabriel; Sumaila, U. Rashid</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Previous studies highlight the winners and losers in fisheries under <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> based on shifts in biomass, species composition and potential catches. Understanding how <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is likely to alter the fisheries revenues of maritime countries is a crucial next step towards the development of effective socio-economic policy and food sustainability strategies to mitigate and adapt to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Particularly, fish prices and cross-oceans connections through distant water fishing operations may largely modify the projected <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts on fisheries revenues. However, these factors have not formally been considered in global studies. Here, using <span class="hlt">climate</span>-living marine resources simulation models, we show that global fisheries revenues could drop by 35% more than the projected decrease in catches by the 2050 s under high CO2 emission scenarios. Regionally, the projected increases in fish catch in high latitudes may not translate into increases in revenues because of the increasing dominance of low value fish, and the decrease in catches by these countries’ vessels operating in more severely impacted distant waters. Also, we find that developing countries with high fisheries dependency are negatively impacted. Our results suggest the need to conduct full-fledged economic analyses of the potential economic effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on global marine fisheries. PMID:27600330</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20632538','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20632538"><span>Modelling <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and malaria transmission.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Parham, Paul E; Michael, Edwin</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on human health has received increasing attention in recent years, with potential impacts due to vector-borne diseases only now beginning to be understood. As the most severe vector-borne disease, with one million deaths globally in 2006, malaria is thought most likely to be affected by <span class="hlt">changes</span> in <span class="hlt">climate</span> variables due to the sensitivity of its transmission dynamics to environmental conditions. While considerable research has been carried out using statistical models to better assess the relationship between <span class="hlt">changes</span> in environmental variables and malaria incidence, less progress has been made on developing process-based <span class="hlt">climate</span>-driven mathematical models with greater explanatory power. Here, we develop a simple model of malaria transmission linked to <span class="hlt">climate</span> which permits useful insights into the sensitivity of disease transmission to <span class="hlt">changes</span> in rainfall and temperature variables. Both the impact of <span class="hlt">changes</span> in the mean values of these key external variables and importantly temporal variation in these values are explored. We show that the development and analysis of such dynamic <span class="hlt">climate</span>-driven transmission models will be crucial to understanding the rate at which P. falciparum and P. vivax may either infect, expand into or go extinct in populations as local environmental conditions <span class="hlt">change</span>. Malaria becomes endemic in a population when the basic reproduction number R0 is greater than unity and we identify an optimum <span class="hlt">climate</span>-driven transmission window for the disease, thus providing a useful indicator for determing how transmission risk may <span class="hlt">change</span> as <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span>. Overall, our results indicate that considerable work is required to better understand ways in which global malaria incidence and distribution may alter with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. In particular, we show that the roles of seasonality, stochasticity and variability in environmental variables, as well as ultimately anthropogenic effects, require further study. The work presented here</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMED31E..05S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMED31E..05S"><span>Incorporating Student Activities into <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Education</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Steele, H.; Kelly, K.; Klein, D.; Cadavid, A. C.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Under a NASA grant, Mathematical and Geospatial Pathways to <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Education, students at California State University, Northridge integrated Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, satellite data technologies, and <span class="hlt">climate</span> modelling into the study of global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> under a Pathway for studying the Mathematics of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> (PMCC). The PMCC, which is an interdisciplinary option within the BS in Applied Mathematical Sciences, consists of courses offered by the departments of Mathematics, Physics, and Geography and is designed to prepare students for careers and Ph.D. programs in technical fields relevant to global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Under this option students are exposed to the science, mathematics, and applications of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> science through a variety of methods including hands-on experience with computer modeling and image processing software. In the Geography component of the program, ESRI's ArcGIS and ERDAS Imagine mapping, spatial analysis and image processing software were used to explore NASA satellite data to examine the earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere in areas that are affected by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> or affect <span class="hlt">climate</span>. These technology tools were incorporated into <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and remote sensing courses to enhance students' knowledge and understanding of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> through hands-on application of image processing techniques to NASA data. Several sets of exercises were developed with specific learning objectives in mind. These were (1) to increase student understanding of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> processes; (2) to develop student skills in understanding, downloading and processing satellite data; (3) to teach remote sensing technology and GIS through applications to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>; (4) to expose students to <span class="hlt">climate</span> data and methods they can apply to solve real world problems and incorporate in future research projects. In the Math and Physics components of the course, students learned about</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3464837','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3464837"><span>Aging, <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>, and Legacy Thinking</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Fried, Linda; Moody, Rick</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is a complex, long-term public health challenge. Older people are especially susceptible to certain <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts, such as heat waves. We suggest that older people may be a resource for addressing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> because of their concern for legacy—for leaving behind values, attitudes, and an intact world to their children and grandchildren. We review the theoretical basis for “legacy thinking” among older people. We offer suggestions for research on this phenomenon, and for action to strengthen the sense of legacy. At a time when older populations are growing, understanding and promoting legacy thinking may offer an important strategy for addressing <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. PMID:22698047</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890011937','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890011937"><span>Abrupt <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and extinction events</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Crowley, Thomas J.</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>There is a growing body of theoretical and empirical support for the concept of instabilities in the <span class="hlt">climate</span> system, and indications that abrupt <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> may in some cases contribute to abrupt extinctions. Theoretical indications of instabilities can be found in a broad spectrum of <span class="hlt">climate</span> models (energy balance models, a thermohaline model of deep-water circulation, atmospheric general circulation models, and coupled ocean-atmosphere models). Abrupt transitions can be of several types and affect the environment in different ways. There is increasing evidence for abrupt <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in the geologic record and involves both interglacial-glacial scale transitions and the longer-term evolution of <span class="hlt">climate</span> over the last 100 million years. Records from the Cenozoic clearly show that the long-term trend is characterized by numerous abrupt steps where the system appears to be rapidly moving to a new equilibrium state. The long-term trend probably is due to <span class="hlt">changes</span> associated with plate tectonic processes, but the abrupt steps most likely reflect instabilities in the <span class="hlt">climate</span> system as the slowly <span class="hlt">changing</span> boundary conditions caused the <span class="hlt">climate</span> to reach some threshold critical point. A more detailed analysis of abrupt steps comes from high-resolution studies of glacial-interglacial fluctuations in the Pleistocene. Comparison of <span class="hlt">climate</span> transitions with the extinction record indicates that many <span class="hlt">climate</span> and biotic transitions coincide. The Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction is not a candidate for an extinction event due to instabilities in the <span class="hlt">climate</span> system. It is quite possible that more detailed comparisons and analysis will indicate some flaws in the <span class="hlt">climate</span> instability-extinction hypothesis, but at present it appears to be a viable candidate as an alternate mechanism for causing abrupt environmental <span class="hlt">changes</span> and extinctions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1617028W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1617028W"><span>Abrupt Impacts of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>: Anticipating Surprises</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>White, James W. C.; Alley, Richard B.; Archer, David E.; Barnosky, Anthony D.; Dunlea, Edward; Foley, Jonathan; Fu, Rong; Holland, Marika M.; Lozier, M. Susan; Schmitt, Johanna; Smith, Laurence C.; Sugihara, George; Thompson, David W. J.; Weaver, Andrew J.; Wofsy, Steven C.</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are exceeding levels recorded in the past millions of years, and thus <span class="hlt">climate</span> is being forced beyond the range of the recent geological era. Lacking concerted action by the world's nations, it is clear that the future <span class="hlt">climate</span> will be warmer, sea levels will rise, global rainfall patterns will <span class="hlt">change</span>, and ecosystems will be altered. However, there is still uncertainty about how we will arrive at that future <span class="hlt">climate</span> state. Although many projections of future <span class="hlt">climatic</span> conditions have predicted steadily <span class="hlt">changing</span> conditions giving the impression that communities have time to gradually adapt, the scientific community has been paying increasing attention to the possibility that at least some <span class="hlt">changes</span> will be abrupt, perhaps crossing a threshold or "tipping point" to <span class="hlt">change</span> so quickly that there will be little time to react. This presentation will synopsize the new US National Research Council Report, Abrupt Impacts of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>: Anticipating Surprises, highlighting areas of increased and decreased concern, as well as areas of new concern. Emphasis is placed on not only abrupt <span class="hlt">change</span> in physical <span class="hlt">climate</span>, but on abrupt <span class="hlt">changes</span> in human and natural systems that can occur as a result of a slowly <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>. The report calls for action now on an abrupt <span class="hlt">change</span> early warning system (ACEWS) if societies are to be resilient to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23410037','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23410037"><span>Connectivity planning to address <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nuñez, Tristan A; Lawler, Joshua J; McRae, Brad H; Pierce, D John; Krosby, Meade B; Kavanagh, Darren M; Singleton, Peter H; Tewksbury, Joshua J</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>As the <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span>, human land use may impede species from tracking areas with suitable <span class="hlt">climates</span>. Maintaining connectivity between areas of different temperatures could allow organisms to move along temperature gradients and allow species to continue to occupy the same temperature space as the <span class="hlt">climate</span> warms. We used a coarse-filter approach to identify broad corridors for movement between areas where human influence is low while simultaneously routing the corridors along present-day spatial gradients of temperature. We modified a cost-distance algorithm to model these corridors and tested the model with data on current land-use and <span class="hlt">climate</span> patterns in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The resulting maps identified a network of patches and corridors across which species may move as <span class="hlt">climates</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The corridors are likely to be robust to uncertainty in the magnitude and direction of future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> because they are derived from gradients and land-use patterns. The assumptions we applied in our model simplified the stability of temperature gradients and species responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and land use, but the model is flexible enough to be tailored to specific regions by incorporating other <span class="hlt">climate</span> variables or movement costs. When used at appropriate resolutions, our approach may be of value to local, regional, and continental conservation initiatives seeking to promote species movements in a <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Planificación de Conectividad para Atender el Cambio Climático. © 2013 Society for Conservation Biology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA518858','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA518858"><span>National Security and Global <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>The uncertainty, confusion, and speculation about the causes, effects, and implications of global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> (GCC) often paralyze serious...against scientific indications of global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> , but to consider how it would pose challenges to national security, explore options for facing...generals and admirals, released a report concluding that projected <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> poses a serious threat to America’s national security. This article</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMED13C0797S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMED13C0797S"><span>Public Inaccuracy in Meta-perceptions of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Swim, J.; Fraser, J.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Public perceptions of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and meta-perceptions of the public and <span class="hlt">climate</span> scientist's perceptions of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> were assessed to benchmark the National Network for <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Interpretation's impacts. Meta-perceptions are important to examine because they can have implications for willingness to take action to address <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. For instance, recent research suggests a tendency to misperceive that there is disagreement among <span class="hlt">climate</span> scientists is predictive of lack of support for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> policies. Underestimating public concern about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> could also be problematic: it could lead individuals to withdraw from personal efforts to reduce impact and engage others in discussions about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Presented results will demonstrate that respondents in a national survey underestimated the percent of the public who were very concerned, concerned or cautious about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and overestimated the extent others were disengaged, doubted, or non-believers. They underestimated the percent of the public who likely believed that humans caused <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and overestimate the percent that believed <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> was not happening nor human induced. Finally, they underestimated the percent of the public that believed <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> threatened ocean health. The results also explore sources of misperceptions. First, correlates with TV viewing habits suggest that inaccuracy is a result of too little attention to network news, with one exception: Greater attention to FOX among doubters reduced accuracy. Second, adding to other evidence that basic cognitive heuristics (such as availability heuristic) influence perceptions of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, we show that that false consensus effects account for meta-perceptions of the public and <span class="hlt">climate</span> scientists beliefs. The false consensus effect, in combination with underestimating concern among the public, results in those most concerned about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and those who believe it to be human</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JChEd..77..943M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JChEd..77..943M"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>--Scientific and Political</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Moore, John W.</p> <p>2000-08-01</p> <p>On Monday, June 12, the federal government released a "Public Review Draft" of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Impacts on the United States (1). The report contains peer-reviewed information that should be of interest to the general public and certainly will make excellent summer reading for those of us who teach chemistry or other sciences. The U.S. Global <span class="hlt">Change</span> Research Project (USGCRP), was initiated in 1990 by the U.S. Congress to provide lawmakers with information about negative and positive impacts of global warming. In 1997, USGCRP began the National Assessment of the Potential Consequences of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Variability and <span class="hlt">Change</span>. Five teams, each consisting of experts from government, industry, and academic and public organizations, used sophisticated computer models to analyze regional impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and prepare a national synthesis of existing information. They forecast significant <span class="hlt">changes</span> during the 21st century, including an increase in temperature in the U.S. of 3-6 °C. (This is similar to the difference in temperature between the present and the last ice age.) Many regions of the country are likely to become more like the regions immediately to their south. For example, the <span class="hlt">climate</span> in New York City is predicted to become more like the 20th-century <span class="hlt">climate</span> of Atlanta, and Atlanta more like Houston.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMGC43D1061F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMGC43D1061F"><span>The Dependencies of Ecosystem Pattern, Structure, and Dynamics on <span class="hlt">Climate</span>, <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Variability, and <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Flanagan, S.; Hurtt, G. C.; Fisk, J. P.; Rourke, O.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>A robust understanding of the sensitivity of the pattern, structure, and dynamics of ecosystems to <span class="hlt">climate</span>, <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability, and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is needed to predict ecosystem responses to current and projected <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. We present results of a study designed to first quantify the sensitivity of ecosystems to <span class="hlt">climate</span> through the use of <span class="hlt">climate</span> and ecosystem data, and then use the results to test the sensitivity of the <span class="hlt">climate</span> data in a state-of the art ecosystem model. A database of available ecosystem characteristics such as mean canopy height, above ground biomass, and basal area was constructed from sources like the National Biomass and Carbon Dataset (NBCD). The ecosystem characteristics were then paired by latitude and longitude with the corresponding <span class="hlt">climate</span> characteristics temperature, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and dew point that were retrieved from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). The average yearly and seasonal means of the <span class="hlt">climate</span> data, and their associated maximum and minimum values, over the 1979-2010 time frame provided by NARR were constructed and paired with the ecosystem data. The compiled results provide natural patterns of vegetation structure and distribution with regard to <span class="hlt">climate</span> data. An advanced ecosystem model, the Ecosystem Demography model (ED), was then modified to allow yearly alterations to its mechanistic <span class="hlt">climate</span> lookup table and used to predict the sensitivities of ecosystem pattern, structure, and dynamics to <span class="hlt">climate</span> data. The combined ecosystem structure and <span class="hlt">climate</span> data results were compared to ED's output to check the validity of the model. After verification, <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> scenarios such as those used in the last IPCC were run and future forest structure <span class="hlt">changes</span> due to <span class="hlt">climate</span> sensitivities were identified. The results of this study can be used to both quantify and test key relationships for next generation models. The sensitivity of ecosystem characteristics to <span class="hlt">climate</span> data</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.8557H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.8557H"><span>Attribution of irreversible loss to anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Huggel, Christian; Bresch, David; Hansen, Gerrit; James, Rachel; Mechler, Reinhard; Stone, Dáithí; Wallimann-Helmer, Ivo</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>The Paris Agreement (2015) under the UNFCCC has anchored loss and damage in a separate article which specifies that understanding and support should be enhanced in areas addressing loss and damage such as early warning, preparedness, insurance and resilience. Irreversible loss is a special category under loss and damage but there is still missing clarity over what irreversible loss actually includes. Many negative impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> may be handled or mitigated by existing risk management, reduction and absorption approaches. Irreversible loss, however, is thought to be insufficiently addressed by risk management. Therefore, countries potentially or actually affected by irreversible loss are calling for other measures such as compensation, which however is highly contested in <span class="hlt">international</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> policy. In Paris (2015) a decision was adopted that loss and damage as defined in the respective article of the agreement does not involve compensation and liability. Nevertheless, it is likely that some sort of mechanism will eventually need to come into play for irreversible loss due to anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, which might involve compensation, other forms of non-monetary reparation, or transformation. Furthermore, <span class="hlt">climate</span> litigation has increasingly been attempted to address negative effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. In this context, attribution is important to understand the drivers of <span class="hlt">change</span>, what counts as irreversible loss due to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and, possibly, who or what is responsible. Here we approach this issue by applying a detection and attribution perspective on irreversible loss. We first analyze detected <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts as assessed in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. We distinguish between irreversible loss in physical, biological and human systems, and accordingly identify the following candidates of irreversible loss in these systems: loss of glaciers and ice sheets, loss of subsurface ice (permafrost) and related loss of lake systems; loss</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4720222','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4720222"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>-related migration and infectious disease</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>McMichael, Celia</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will have significant impacts on both human migration and population health, including infectious disease. It will amplify and alter migration pathways, and will contribute to the <span class="hlt">changing</span> ecology and transmission dynamics of infectious disease. However there has been limited consideration of the intersections between migration and health in the context of a <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>. This article argues that <span class="hlt">climate-change</span> related migration - in conjunction with other drivers of migration – will contribute to <span class="hlt">changing</span> profiles of infectious disease. It considers infectious disease risks for different <span class="hlt">climate</span>-related migration pathways, including: forced displacement, slow-onset migration particularly to urban-poor areas, planned resettlement, and labor migration associated with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation initiatives. Migration can reduce vulnerability to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, but it is critical to better understand and respond to health impacts – including infectious diseases - for migrant populations and host communities. PMID:26151221</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19625300','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19625300"><span>Integrating bioclimate with population models to improve forecasts of species extinctions under <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Brook, Barry W; Akçakaya, H Resit; Keith, David A; Mace, Georgina M; Pearson, Richard G; Araújo, Miguel B</p> <p>2009-12-23</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is already affecting species worldwide, yet existing methods of risk assessment have not considered interactions between demography and <span class="hlt">climate</span> and their simultaneous effect on habitat distribution and population viability. To address this issue, an <span class="hlt">international</span> workshop was held at the University of Adelaide in Australia, 25-29 May 2009, bringing leading species distribution and population modellers together with plant ecologists. Building on two previous workshops in the UK and Spain, the participants aimed to develop methodological standards and case studies for integrating bioclimatic and metapopulation models, to provide more realistic forecasts of population <span class="hlt">change</span>, habitat fragmentation and extinction risk under <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The discussions and case studies focused on several challenges, including spatial and temporal scale contingencies, choice of predictive <span class="hlt">climate</span>, land use, soil type and topographic variables, procedures for ensemble forecasting of both global <span class="hlt">climate</span> and bioclimate models and developing demographic structures that are realistic and species-specific and yet allow generalizations of traits that make species vulnerable to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The goal is to provide general guidelines for assessing the Red-List status of large numbers of species potentially at risk, owing to the interactions of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> with other threats such as habitat destruction, overexploitation and invasive species.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMOS23B1398B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMOS23B1398B"><span>Uncertainties in Future Regional Sea Level Trends: How to Deal with the <span class="hlt">Internal</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Variability?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Becker, M.; Karpytchev, M.; Hu, A.; Deser, C.; Lennartz-Sassinek, S.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Today, the <span class="hlt">Climate</span> models (CM) are the main tools for forecasting sea level rise (SLR) at global and regional scales. The CM forecasts are accompanied by inherent uncertainties. Understanding and reducing these uncertainties is becoming a matter of increasing urgency in order to provide robust estimates of SLR impact on coastal societies, which need sustainable choices of <span class="hlt">climate</span> adaptation strategy. These CM uncertainties are linked to structural model formulation, initial conditions, emission scenario and <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability. The <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability is due to complex non-linear interactions within the Earth <span class="hlt">Climate</span> System and can induce diverse quasi-periodic oscillatory modes and long-term persistences. To quantify the effects of <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability, most studies used multi-model ensembles or sea level projections from a single model ran with perturbed initial conditions. However, large ensembles are not generally available, or too small, and computationally expensive. In this study, we use a power-law scaling of sea level fluctuations, as observed in many other geophysical signals and natural systems, which can be used to characterize the <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability. From this specific statistical framework, we (1) use the pre-industrial control run of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community <span class="hlt">Climate</span> System Model (NCAR-CCSM) to test the robustness of the power-law scaling hypothesis; (2) employ the power-law statistics as a tool for assessing the spread of regional sea level projections due to the <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability for the 21st century NCAR-CCSM; (3) compare the uncertainties in predicted sea level <span class="hlt">changes</span> obtained from a NCAR-CCSM multi-member ensemble simulations with estimates derived for power-law processes, and (4) explore the sensitivity of spatial patterns of the <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability and its effects on regional sea level projections.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15....7B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15....7B"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>, Soils, and Human Health</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Brevik, Eric C.</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>According to the Intergovernmental Panel on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>, global temperatures are expected to increase 1.1 to 6.4 degrees C during the 21st century and precipitation patterns will be altered by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> (IPCC, 2007). Soils are intricately linked to the atmospheric/<span class="hlt">climate</span> system through the carbon, nitrogen, and hydrologic cycles. Altered <span class="hlt">climate</span> will, therefore, have an effect on soil processes and properties. Studies into the effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on soil processes and properties are still incomplete, but have revealed that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will impact soil organic matter dynamics including soil organisms and the multiple soil properties that are tied to organic matter, soil water, and soil erosion. The exact direction and magnitude of those impacts will be dependent on the amount of <span class="hlt">change</span> in atmospheric gases, temperature, and precipitation amounts and patterns. Recent studies give reason to believe at least some soils may become net sources of atmospheric carbon as temperatures rise; this is particularly true of high latitude regions with permanently frozen soils. Soil erosion by both wind and water is also likely to increase. These soil <span class="hlt">changes</span> will lead to both direct and indirect impacts on human health. Possible indirect impacts include temperature extremes, food safety and air quality issues, increased and/or expanded disease incidences, and occupational health issues. Potential direct impacts include decreased food security and increased atmospheric dust levels. However, there are still many things we need to know more about. How <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will affect the nitrogen cycle and, in turn, how the nitrogen cycle will affect carbon sequestration in soils is a major research need, as is a better understanding of soil water-CO2 level-temperature relationships. Knowledge of the response of plants to elevated atmospheric CO2 given limitations in nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus and how that affects soil organic matter dynamics is a critical</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED514727.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED514727.pdf"><span>Challenges and Possibilities in <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Education</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Pruneau,, Diane; Khattabi, Abdellatif; Demers, Melanie</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Educating and communicating about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is challenging. Researchers reported that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> concepts are often misunderstood. Some people do not believe that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will have impacts on their own life. Other challenges may include people's difficulty in perceiving small or gradual environmental <span class="hlt">changes</span>, the fact that…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26950769','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26950769"><span>Choice of baseline <span class="hlt">climate</span> data impacts projected species' responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Baker, David J; Hartley, Andrew J; Butchart, Stuart H M; Willis, Stephen G</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> data created from historic <span class="hlt">climate</span> observations are integral to most assessments of potential <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts, and frequently comprise the baseline period used to infer species-<span class="hlt">climate</span> relationships. They are often also central to downscaling coarse resolution <span class="hlt">climate</span> simulations from General Circulation Models (GCMs) to project future <span class="hlt">climate</span> scenarios at ecologically relevant spatial scales. Uncertainty in these baseline data can be large, particularly where weather observations are sparse and <span class="hlt">climate</span> dynamics are complex (e.g. over mountainous or coastal regions). Yet, importantly, this uncertainty is almost universally overlooked when assessing potential responses of species to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Here, we assessed the importance of historic baseline <span class="hlt">climate</span> uncertainty for projections of species' responses to future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. We built species distribution models (SDMs) for 895 African bird species of conservation concern, using six different <span class="hlt">climate</span> baselines. We projected these models to two future periods (2040-2069, 2070-2099), using downscaled <span class="hlt">climate</span> projections, and calculated species turnover and <span class="hlt">changes</span> in species-specific <span class="hlt">climate</span> suitability. We found that the choice of baseline <span class="hlt">climate</span> data constituted an important source of uncertainty in projections of both species turnover and species-specific <span class="hlt">climate</span> suitability, often comparable with, or more important than, uncertainty arising from the choice of GCM. Importantly, the relative contribution of these factors to projection uncertainty varied spatially. Moreover, when projecting SDMs to sites of biodiversity importance (Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas), these uncertainties altered site-level impacts, which could affect conservation prioritization. Our results highlight that projections of species' responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> are sensitive to uncertainty in the baseline climatology. We recommend that this should be considered routinely in such analyses. © 2016 John Wiley</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=climate+AND+change+AND+evidence&pg=6&id=EJ912335','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=climate+AND+change+AND+evidence&pg=6&id=EJ912335"><span>What Is <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Beswick, Adele</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Weather consists of those meteorological events, such as rain, wind and sunshine, which can <span class="hlt">change</span> day-by-day or even hour-by-hour. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> is the average of all these events, taken over a period of time. The <span class="hlt">climate</span> varies over different parts of the world. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> is usually defined as the average of the weather over a 30-year period. It is when…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70193909','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70193909"><span>Mangrove ecosystems under <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Jennerjahn, T.C.; Gilman, E.; Krauss, Ken W.; Lacerda, L.D.; Nordhaus, I.; Wolanski, E.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>This chapter assesses the response of mangrove ecosystems to possible outcomes of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, with regard to the following categories: (i) distribution, diversity, and community composition, (ii) physiology of flora and fauna, (iii) water budget, (iv) productivity and remineralization, (v) carbon storage in biomass and sediments, and (vi) the filter function for elements beneficial or harmful to life. These categories are then used to identify the regions most vulnerable to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The four most important factors determining the response of mangrove ecosystems to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> are sea level rise, an increase in frequency and/or intensity of storms, increases in temperature, and aridity. While these <span class="hlt">changes</span> may be beneficial for some mangrove forests at latitudinal distribution limits, they will threaten forest structure and functions and related ecosystem services in most cases. The interaction of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> with human interventions is discussed, as well as the effects on ecosystem services including possible adaptation and management options. The chapter closes with an outlook on knowledge gaps and priority research needed to fill these gaps.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ERL....12h4002S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ERL....12h4002S"><span>Understanding global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> scenarios through bioclimate stratification</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Soteriades, A. D.; Murray-Rust, D.; Trabucco, A.; Metzger, M. J.</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Despite progress in impact modelling, communicating and understanding the implications of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> projections is challenging due to inherent complexity and a cascade of uncertainty. In this letter, we present an alternative representation of global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> projections based on shifts in 125 multivariate strata characterized by relatively homogeneous <span class="hlt">climate</span>. These strata form <span class="hlt">climate</span> analogues that help in the interpretation of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts. A Random Forests classifier was calculated and applied to 63 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 <span class="hlt">climate</span> scenarios at 5 arcmin resolution. Results demonstrate how shifting bioclimate strata can summarize future environmental <span class="hlt">changes</span> and form a middle ground, conveniently integrating current knowledge of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impact with the interpretation advantages of categorical data but with a level of detail that resembles a continuous surface at global and regional scales. Both the agreement in major <span class="hlt">change</span> and differences between <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> projections are visually combined, facilitating the interpretation of complex uncertainty. By making the data and the classifier available we provide a <span class="hlt">climate</span> service that helps facilitate communication and provide new insight into the consequences of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70147071','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70147071"><span>Targeting <span class="hlt">climate</span> diversity in conservation planning to build resilience to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Heller, Nicole E.; Kreitler, Jason R.; Ackerly, David; Weiss, Stuart; Recinos, Amanda; Branciforte, Ryan; Flint, Lorraine E.; Flint, Alan L.; Micheli, Elisabeth</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is raising challenging concerns for systematic conservation planning. Are methods based on the current spatial patterns of biodiversity effective given long-term <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>? Some conservation scientists argue that planning should focus on protecting the abiotic diversity in the landscape, which drives patterns of biological diversity, rather than focusing on the distribution of focal species, which shift in response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> is one important abiotic driver of biodiversity patterns, as different <span class="hlt">climates</span> host different biological communities and genetic pools. We propose conservation networks that capture the full range of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> diversity in a region will improve the resilience of biotic communities to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> compared to networks that do not. In this study we used historical and future hydro-<span class="hlt">climate</span> projections from the high resolution Basin Characterization Model to explore the utility of directly targeting <span class="hlt">climatic</span> diversity in planning. Using the spatial planning tool, Marxan, we designed conservation networks to capture the diversity of <span class="hlt">climate</span> types, at the regional and sub-regional scale, and compared them to networks we designed to capture the diversity of vegetation types. By focusing on the Conservation Lands Network (CLN) of the San Francisco Bay Area as a real-world case study, we compared the potential resilience of networks by examining two factors: the range of <span class="hlt">climate</span> space captured, and <span class="hlt">climatic</span> stability to 18 future <span class="hlt">climates</span>, reflecting different emission scenarios and global <span class="hlt">climate</span> models. We found that the <span class="hlt">climate</span>-based network planned at the sub-regional scale captured a greater range of <span class="hlt">climate</span> space and showed higher <span class="hlt">climatic</span> stability than the vegetation and regional based-networks. At the same time, differences among network scenarios are small relative to the variance in <span class="hlt">climate</span> stability across global <span class="hlt">climate</span> models. Across different projected futures, topographically heterogeneous areas</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..120a2015G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..120a2015G"><span>The Costs of <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Guo, Jason</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>This research paper talks about the economic costs of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, as well as the costs involved in responding to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> with alternative fuels. This paper seeks to show that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, although seemingly costly in the short run, will both save future generations trillions of dollars and serve as a good economic opportunity. Scientists have long argued that the fate of humanity depends on a shift towards renewable energy. However, this paper will make clear that there is also an economic struggle. By embracing alternative fuels, we will not only lessen the danger and the frequency of these natural disasters but also strengthen the world’s financial state. Although a common argument against responding to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is that it is too expensive to make the switch, this research shows that in the future, it will save millions of lives and trillions of dollars. The only question left for policymakers is whether they will grasp this energy source shift.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70175000','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70175000"><span>Western water and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Dettinger, Michael; Udall, Bradley; Georgakakos, Aris P.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>In this context, four iconic river basins offer glimpses into specific challenges that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> may bring to the West. The Colorado River is a system in which overuse and growing demands are projected to be even more challenging than <span class="hlt">climate-change</span>-induced flow reductions. The Rio Grande offers the best example of how <span class="hlt">climate-change</span>-induced flow declines might sink a major system into permanent drought. The Klamath is currently projected to face the more benign precipitation future, but fisheries and irrigation management may face dire straits due to warming air temperatures, rising irrigation demands, and warming waters in a basin already hobbled by tensions between endangered fisheries and agricultural demands. Finally, California's Bay-Delta system is a remarkably localized and severe weakness at the heart of the region's trillion-dollar economy. It is threatened by the full range of potential <span class="hlt">climate-change</span> impacts expected across the West, along with major vulnerabilities to increased flooding and rising sea levels.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhDT........23L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhDT........23L"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> and Algal Blooms =</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lin, Shengpan</p> <p></p> <p>Algal blooms are new emerging hazards that have had important social impacts in recent years. However, it was not very clear whether future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> causing warming waters and stronger storm events would exacerbate the algal bloom problem. The goal of this dissertation was to evaluate the sensitivity of algal biomass to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in the continental United States. Long-term large-scale observations of algal biomass in inland lakes are challenging, but are necessary to relate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> to algal blooms. To get observations at this scale, this dissertation applied machine-learning algorithms including boosted regression trees (BRT) in remote sensing of chlorophyll-a with Landsat TM/ETM+. The results show that the BRT algorithm improved model accuracy by 15%, compared to traditional linear regression. The remote sensing model explained 46% of the total variance of the ground-measured chlorophyll- a in the first National Lake Assessment conducted by the US Environmental Protection Agency. That accuracy was ecologically meaningful to study <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts on algal blooms. Moreover, the BRT algorithm for chlorophyll- a would not have systematic bias that is introduced by sediments and colored dissolved organic matter, both of which might <span class="hlt">change</span> concurrently with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and algal blooms. This dissertation shows that the existing atmospheric corrections for Landsat TM/ETM+ imagery might not be good enough to improve the remote sensing of chlorophyll-a in inland lakes. After deriving long-term algal biomass estimates from Landsat TM/ETM+, time series analysis was used to study the relations of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and algal biomass in four Missouri reservoirs. The results show that neither temperature nor precipitation was the only factor that controlled temporal variation of algal biomass. Different reservoirs, even different zones within the same reservoir, responded differently to temperature and precipitation <span class="hlt">changes</span>. These findings were further</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.C12B..05T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.C12B..05T"><span>Assessing the role of <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability in Antarctica's contribution to future sea-level rise</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tsai, C. Y.; Forest, C. E.; Pollard, D.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) has the potential to be a major contributor to future sea-level rise (SLR). Current projections of SLR due to AIS mass loss remain highly uncertain. Better understanding of how ice sheets respond to future <span class="hlt">climate</span> forcing and variability is essential for assessing the long-term risk of SLR. However, the predictability of future <span class="hlt">climate</span> is limited by uncertainties from emission scenarios, model structural differences, and the <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability that is inherently generated within the fully coupled <span class="hlt">climate</span> system. Among those uncertainties, the impact of <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability on the AIS <span class="hlt">changes</span> has not been explicitly assessed. In this study, we quantify the effect of <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability on the AIS evolutions by using <span class="hlt">climate</span> fields from two large-ensemble experiments using the Community Earth System Model to force a three-dimensional ice sheet model. We find that <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability of <span class="hlt">climate</span> fields, particularly atmospheric fields, among ensemble members leads to significantly different AIS responses. Our results show that the <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability can cause about 80 mm differences of AIS contribution to SLR by 2100 compared to the ensemble-mean contribution of 380-450 mm. Moreover, using ensemble-mean <span class="hlt">climate</span> fields as the forcing in the ice sheet model does not produce realistic simulations of the ice loss. Instead, it significantly delays the onset of retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet for up to 20 years and significantly underestimates the AIS contribution to SLR by 0.07-0.11 m in 2100 and up to 0.34 m in the 2250's. Therefore, because the uncertainty caused by <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability is irreducible, we seek to highlight a critical need to assess the role of <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability in projecting the AIS loss over the next few centuries. By quantifying the impact of <span class="hlt">internal</span> variability on AIS contribution to SLR, policy makers can obtain more robust estimates of SLR and implement suitable adaptation strategies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26302149','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26302149"><span>A Bayesian model for quantifying the <span class="hlt">change</span> in mortality associated with future ozone exposures under <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Alexeeff, Stacey E; Pfister, Gabriele G; Nychka, Doug</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is expected to have many impacts on the environment, including <span class="hlt">changes</span> in ozone concentrations at the surface level. A key public health concern is the potential increase in ozone-related summertime mortality if surface ozone concentrations rise in response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Although ozone formation depends partly on summertime weather, which exhibits considerable inter-annual variability, previous health impact studies have not incorporated the variability of ozone into their prediction models. A major source of uncertainty in the health impacts is the variability of the modeled ozone concentrations. We propose a Bayesian model and Monte Carlo estimation method for quantifying health effects of future ozone. An advantage of this approach is that we include the uncertainty in both the health effect association and the modeled ozone concentrations. Using our proposed approach, we quantify the expected <span class="hlt">change</span> in ozone-related summertime mortality in the contiguous United States between 2000 and 2050 under a <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>. The mortality estimates show regional patterns in the expected degree of impact. We also illustrate the results when using a common technique in previous work that averages ozone to reduce the size of the data, and contrast these findings with our own. Our analysis yields more realistic inferences, providing clearer interpretation for decision making regarding the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. © 2015, The <span class="hlt">International</span> Biometric Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23718702','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23718702"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is a bioethics problem.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Macpherson, Cheryl Cox</p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> harms health and damages and diminishes environmental resources. Gradually it will cause health systems to reduce services, standards of care, and opportunities to express patient autonomy. Prominent public health organizations are responding with preparedness, mitigation, and educational programs. The design and effectiveness of these programs, and of similar programs in other sectors, would be enhanced by greater understanding of the values and tradeoffs associated with activities and public policies that drive <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Bioethics could generate such understanding by exposing the harms and benefits in different cultural, socioeconomic, and geographic contexts, and through interdisciplinary risk assessments. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is a bioethics problem because it harms everyone and involves health, values, and responsibilities. This article initiates dialog about the responsibility of bioethics to promote transparency and understanding of the social values and conflicts associated with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and the actions and public policies that allow <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> to worsen. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25098378','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25098378"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and species interactions: ways forward.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Angert, Amy L; LaDeau, Shannon L; Ostfeld, Richard S</p> <p>2013-09-01</p> <p>With ongoing and rapid <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, ecologists are being challenged to predict how individual species will <span class="hlt">change</span> in abundance and distribution, how biotic communities will <span class="hlt">change</span> in structure and function, and the consequences of these <span class="hlt">climate</span>-induced <span class="hlt">changes</span> for ecosystem functioning. It is now well documented that indirect effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on species abundances and distributions, via <span class="hlt">climatic</span> effects on interspecific interactions, can outweigh and even reverse the direct effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span>. However, a clear framework for incorporating species interactions into projections of biological <span class="hlt">change</span> remains elusive. To move forward, we suggest three priorities for the research community: (1) utilize tractable study systems as case studies to illustrate possible outcomes, test processes highlighted by theory, and feed back into modeling efforts; (2) develop a robust analytical framework that allows for better cross-scale linkages; and (3) determine over what time scales and for which systems prediction of biological responses to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is a useful and feasible goal. We end with a list of research questions that can guide future research to help understand, and hopefully mitigate, the negative effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on biota and the ecosystem services they provide. © 2013 New York Academy of Sciences.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1026721','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1026721"><span>Ice Storms in a <span class="hlt">Changing</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">CHANGING</span> <span class="hlt">CLIMATE</span> by Jennifer M. McNitt June 2016 Thesis Advisor: Wendell Nuss Co-Advisor: David W. Titley THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT...SUBTITLE ICE STORMS IN A <span class="hlt">CHANGING</span> <span class="hlt">CLIMATE</span> 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 6. AUTHOR(S) Jennifer M. McNitt 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS...increase in global temperatures, due to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> , could affect the frequency, intensity, and geographic location of ice storms. Three known ice</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22688006-environmental-impacts-climate-change-adaptation','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22688006-environmental-impacts-climate-change-adaptation"><span>Environmental impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Enríquez-de-Salamanca, Álvaro, E-mail: aenriquez@draba.org; Díaz-Sierra, Rubén, E-mail: sierra@dfmf.uned.es; Martín-Aranda, Rosa M., E-mail: rmartin@ccia.uned.es</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation reduces adverse effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> but may also have undesirable environmental impacts. However, these impacts are yet poorly defined and analysed in the existing literature. To complement this knowledge-gap, we reviewed the literature to unveil the relationship between <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation and environmental impact assessment, and the degree to which environmental impacts are included in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation theory and practice. Our literature review showed that technical, social and economic perspectives on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation receive much more attention than the environmental perspective. The scarce interest on the environmental impacts of adaptation may be attributed tomore » (1) an excessive sectoral approach, with dominance of non-environmental perspectives, (2) greater interest in mitigation and direct <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts rather than in adaptation impacts, (3) a tendency to consider adaptation as inherently good, and (4) subjective/preconceived notions on which measures are good or bad, without a comprehensive assessment. Environmental Assessment (EA) has a long established history as an effective tool to include environment into decision-making, although it does not yet guarantee a proper assessment of adaptation, because it is still possible to postpone or even circumvent the processes of assessing the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> adaptation. Our results suggest that there is a need to address adaptation proactively by including it in EA, to update current policy frameworks, and to demand robust and reliable evaluation of alternatives. Only through the full EA of adaptation measures can we improve our understanding of the primary and secondary impacts of adaptation to global environmental <span class="hlt">change</span>. - Highlights: • <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation may have undesirable environmental impacts. • The impacts of adaptation are yet poorly analysed in the literature. • There is an excessive sectoral approach to adaptation</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016cosp...41E1564P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016cosp...41E1564P"><span>The Copernicus programme and its <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Service (C3S): a European answer to <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pinty, Bernard; Thepaut, Jean-Noel; Dee, Dick</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>In November 2014, The European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) signed an agreement with the European Commission to deliver two of the Copernicus Earth Observation Programme Services on the Commission's behalf. The ECMWF delivered services - the Copernicus <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Service (C3S) and Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) - will bring a consistent standard to how we measure and predict atmospheric conditions and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. They will maximise the potential of past, current and future earth observations - ground, ocean, airborne, satellite - and analyse these to monitor and predict atmospheric conditions and in the future, <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. With the wealth of free and open data that the services provide, they will help business users to assess the impact of their business decisions and make informed choices, delivering a more energy efficient and <span class="hlt">climate</span> aware economy. These sound investment decisions now will not only stimulate growth in the short term, but reduce the impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on the economy and society in the future. C3S is in its proof of concept phase and through its <span class="hlt">climate</span> data store will provide global and regional <span class="hlt">climate</span> data reanalyses; multi-model seasonal forecasts; customisable visual data to enable examination of wide range of scenarios and model the impact of <span class="hlt">changes</span>; access to all the underlying data, including <span class="hlt">climate</span> data records from various satellite and in-situ observations. In addition, C3S will provide key indicators on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> drivers (such as carbon dioxide) and impacts (such as reducing glaciers). The aim of these indicators will be to support European adaptation and mitigation policies in a number of economic sectors. The presentation will provide an overview of this newly created Service, its various components and activities, and a roadmap towards achieving a fully operational European <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Service at the horizon 2019-2020. It will focus on the requirements for quality-assured Observation</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19895975','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19895975"><span>Chapter 2. Vulnerability of marine turtles to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Poloczanska, Elvira S; Limpus, Colin J; Hays, Graeme C</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p> threaten nesting beaches and reproductive success, and pollution and eutrophication is threatening important coastal foraging habitats for turtles worldwide. Exploitation and bycatch in other fisheries has seriously reduced marine turtle populations. The synergistic effects of other human-induced stressors may seriously reduce the capacity of some turtle populations to adapt to the current rates of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Conservation recommendations to increase the capacity of marine turtle populations to adapt to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> include increasing population resilience, for example by the use of turtle exclusion devices in fisheries, protection of nesting beaches from the viewpoints of both conservation and coastal management, and increased <span class="hlt">international</span> conservation efforts to protect turtles in regions where there is high unregulated or illegal fisheries (including turtle harvesting). Increasing research efforts on the critical knowledge gaps of processes influencing population numbers, such as identifying ocean foraging hotspots or the processes that underlie the initiation of nesting migrations and selection of breeding areas, will inform adaptive management in a <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.besis.uaf.edu/besis-oct98-report/besis-oct98-report.html','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://www.besis.uaf.edu/besis-oct98-report/besis-oct98-report.html"><span>Implications of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> for Alaska's seabirds</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Meehan, Rosa; Byrd, G. Vernon; Divoky, George J.; Piatt, John F.; Weller, Gunter; Anderson, Patricia A.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>Seabirds are prominent and highly visible components of marine ecosystems that will be affected by global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The Bering Sea region is particularly important to seabirds; populations there are larger and more diverse than in any similar region in North America—over 90% of seabirds breeding in the continental United States are found in this region. Seabirds, so named because they spend at least 80% of their lives at sea, are dependent upon marine resources for food. As prey availability <span class="hlt">changes</span> in response to <span class="hlt">climatically</span> driven factors such as surface sea temperature and extent of sea ice, so will populations of seabirds be affected.Seabirds are valued as indicators of healthy marine ecosystems and provide a “vicarious use value” or existence value—people appreciate and value seabirds simply because they are there and enjoy them through venues such as pictures, nature programs, and written accounts without ever directly observing seabirds in their native environment. A direct measure of this value is demonstrated by Federal legislation that established specific national wildlife refuges to protect seabirds and <span class="hlt">international</span> treaty obligations that provide additional protection for seabirds. Seabirds are also an important subsistence resource for many who live within the Bering Sea region. Furthermore, the rich knowledge base about seabirds makes them a valuable resource as indicator species for measurement of <span class="hlt">change</span> in the marine environment. Understanding this latter relationship is particularly important for seabirds as they can be dramatically affected by development-related activities (e.g., oil spills, fishing); understanding the population effects due to <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is critical to interpreting the actual effects of specific human activities or events.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=climate+AND+change&pg=7&id=EJ991281','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=climate+AND+change&pg=7&id=EJ991281"><span>Science Teachers' Perspectives about <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Dawson, Vaille</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and its effects are likely to present challenging problems for future generations of young people. It is important for Australian students to understand the mechanisms and consequences of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. If students are to develop a sophisticated understanding, then science teachers need to be well-informed about <span class="hlt">climate</span> change…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015DSRII.113....1H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015DSRII.113....1H"><span>Impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on marine top predators: Advances and future challenges</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hobday, Alistair J.; Arrizabalaga, Haritz; Evans, Karen; Nicol, Simon; Young, Jock W.; Weng, Kevin C.</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>Oceanic top predators are the subject of studies by researchers under the <span class="hlt">international</span> <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Impacts on Oceanic Top Predators (CLIOTOP) program. A wide range of data sets have shown that environmental conditions, such as temperature and marine productivity, affect the distribution and biological processes of these species, and thus the activities of the humans that depend on them. In this special issue, 25 papers arising from the 2nd CLIOTOP symposium, held in Noumea, New Caledonia in February 2013 report the importance of realistic physical descriptions of oceanic processes for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> projections, demonstrate a wide range of predator responses to historical <span class="hlt">climate</span> variability, describe new analytical approaches for understanding the physiology, behaviour and trophodynamics, and project future distributions for a range of species. Several contributions discuss the implications for conservation and fisheries and show that resolving ecosystem management challenges and conflicts in the face of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is possible, but will require attention by decision-makers to issues that are broader than their traditional mandate. In the coming years, an increased focus on the development of management options to reduce the impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on top predators and their dependent industries is needed.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..129a2041S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..129a2041S"><span>A roadmap to effective urban <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Setiadi, R.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>This paper outlines a roadmap to effective urban <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation built from our practical understanding of the evidence and effects of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and the preparation of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation strategies and plans. This roadmap aims to drive research in achieving fruitful knowledge and solution-based achievable recommendations in adapting to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in urban areas with effective and systematic manner. This paper underscores the importance of the interplay between local government initiatives and a national government for effective adaptation to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and takes into account the policy process and politics. This paper argues that effective urban <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation has a contribution to build urban resilience and helps the achievement of national government goals and targets in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.1848R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.1848R"><span>Integrating uncertainties for <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> mitigation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rogelj, Joeri; McCollum, David; Reisinger, Andy; Meinshausen, Malte; Riahi, Keywan</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>The target of keeping global average temperature increase to below 2°C has emerged in the <span class="hlt">international</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> debate more than a decade ago. In response, the scientific community has tried to estimate the costs of reaching such a target through modelling and scenario analysis. Producing such estimates remains a challenge, particularly because of relatively well-known, but ill-quantified uncertainties, and owing to limited integration of scientific knowledge across disciplines. The integrated assessment community, on one side, has extensively assessed the influence of technological and socio-economic uncertainties on low-carbon scenarios and associated costs. The <span class="hlt">climate</span> modelling community, on the other side, has worked on achieving an increasingly better understanding of the geophysical response of the Earth system to emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). This geophysical response remains a key uncertainty for the cost of mitigation scenarios but has only been integrated with assessments of other uncertainties in a rudimentary manner, i.e., for equilibrium conditions. To bridge this gap between the two research communities, we generate distributions of the costs associated with limiting transient global temperature increase to below specific temperature limits, taking into account uncertainties in multiple dimensions: geophysical, technological, social and political. In other words, uncertainties resulting from our incomplete knowledge about how the <span class="hlt">climate</span> system precisely reacts to GHG emissions (geophysical uncertainties), about how society will develop (social uncertainties and choices), which technologies will be available (technological uncertainty and choices), when we choose to start acting globally on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> (political choices), and how much money we are or are not willing to spend to achieve <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> mitigation. We find that political choices that delay mitigation have the largest effect on the cost-risk distribution, followed by</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16615692','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16615692"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and sustainable development: realizing the opportunity.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Robinson, John; Bradley, Mike; Busby, Peter; Connor, Denis; Murray, Anne; Sampson, Bruce; Soper, Wayne</p> <p>2006-02-01</p> <p>Manifold linkages exist between <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and sustainable development. Although these are starting to receive attention in the <span class="hlt">climate</span> exchange literature, the focus has typically been on examining sustainable development through a <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> lens, rather than vice versa. And there has been little systematic examination of how these linkages may be fostered in practice. This paper examines <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> through a sustainable development lens. To illustrate how this might <span class="hlt">change</span> the approach to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> issues, it reports on the findings of a panel of business, local government, and academic representatives in British Columbia, Canada, who were appointed to advise the provincial government on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> policy. The panel found that sustainable development may offer a significantly more fruitful way to pursue <span class="hlt">climate</span> policy goals than <span class="hlt">climate</span> policy itself. The paper discusses subsequent <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> developments in the province and makes suggestions as how best to pursue such a sustainability approach in British Columbia and other jurisdictions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ThApC.131..531C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ThApC.131..531C"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> over Leh (Ladakh), India</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chevuturi, A.; Dimri, A. P.; Thayyen, R. J.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Mountains over the world are considered as the indicators of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. The Himalayas are comprised of five ranges, viz., Pir Panjal, Great Himalayas, Zanskar, Ladhak, and Karakorum. The Ladakh region lies in the northernmost state of India, Jammu and Kashmir, in the Ladhak range. It has a unique cold-arid <span class="hlt">climate</span> and lies immediately south of the Karakorum range. With scarce water resources, such regions show high sensitivity and vulnerability to the <span class="hlt">change</span> in <span class="hlt">climate</span> and need urgent attention. The objective of this study is to understand the <span class="hlt">climate</span> of the Ladakh region and to characterize its <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>. Using different temperature and precipitation datasets over Leh and surrounding regions, we statistically analyze the current trends of <span class="hlt">climatic</span> patterns over the region. The study shows that the <span class="hlt">climate</span> over Leh shows a warming trend with reduced precipitation in the current decade. The reduced average seasonal precipitation might also be associated with some indications of reducing number of days with higher precipitation amounts over the region.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCC...8..515H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCC...8..515H"><span>Framing the challenge of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> in Nature and Science editorials</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hulme, Mike; Obermeister, Noam; Randalls, Samuel; Borie, Maud</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Through their editorializing practices, leading <span class="hlt">international</span> science journals such as Nature and Science interpret the <span class="hlt">changing</span> roles of science in society and exert considerable influence on scientific priorities and practices. Here we examine nearly 500 editorials published in these two journals between 1966 and 2016 that deal with <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, thereby constructing a lens through which to view the <span class="hlt">changing</span> engagement of science and scientists with the issue. A systematic longitudinal frame analysis reveals broad similarities between Nature and Science in the waxing and waning of editorializing attention given to the topic, but, although both journals have diversified how they frame the challenges of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, they have done so in different ways. We attribute these differences to three influences: the different political and epistemic cultures into which they publish; their different institutional histories; and their different editors and editorial authorship practices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28661294','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28661294"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> and Public Health Policy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Smith, Jason A; Vargo, Jason; Hoverter, Sara Pollock</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> poses real and immediate impacts to the public health of populations around the globe. Adverse impacts are expected to continue throughout the century. Emphasizing co-benefits of <span class="hlt">climate</span> action for health, combining adaptation and mitigation efforts, and increasing interagency coordination can effectively address both public health and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> challenges.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70194125','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70194125"><span>Projecting species’ vulnerability to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: Which uncertainty sources matter most and extrapolate best?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Steen, Valerie; Sofaer, Helen R.; Skagen, Susan K.; Ray, Andrea J.; Noon, Barry R</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Species distribution models (SDMs) are commonly used to assess potential <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts on biodiversity, but several critical methodological decisions are often made arbitrarily. We compare variability arising from these decisions to the uncertainty in future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> itself. We also test whether certain choices offer improved skill for extrapolating to a <span class="hlt">changed</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> and whether <span class="hlt">internal</span> cross-validation skill indicates extrapolative skill. We compared projected vulnerability for 29 wetland-dependent bird species breeding in the <span class="hlt">climatically</span> dynamic Prairie Pothole Region, USA. For each species we built 1,080 SDMs to represent a unique combination of: future <span class="hlt">climate</span>, class of <span class="hlt">climate</span> covariates, collinearity level, and thresholding procedure. We examined the variation in projected vulnerability attributed to each uncertainty source. To assess extrapolation skill under a <span class="hlt">changed</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>, we compared model predictions with observations from historic drought years. Uncertainty in projected vulnerability was substantial, and the largest source was that of future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Large uncertainty was also attributed to <span class="hlt">climate</span> covariate class with hydrological covariates projecting half the range loss of bioclimatic covariates or other summaries of temperature and precipitation. We found that choices based on performance in cross-validation improved skill in extrapolation. Qualitative rankings were also highly uncertain. Given uncertainty in projected vulnerability and resulting uncertainty in rankings used for conservation prioritization, a number of considerations appear critical for using bioclimatic SDMs to inform <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> mitigation strategies. Our results emphasize explicitly selecting <span class="hlt">climate</span> summaries that most closely represent processes likely to underlie ecological response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. For example, hydrological covariates projected substantially reduced vulnerability, highlighting the importance of considering whether water</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29152181','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29152181"><span>Projecting species' vulnerability to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: Which uncertainty sources matter most and extrapolate best?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Steen, Valerie; Sofaer, Helen R; Skagen, Susan K; Ray, Andrea J; Noon, Barry R</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Species distribution models (SDMs) are commonly used to assess potential <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> impacts on biodiversity, but several critical methodological decisions are often made arbitrarily. We compare variability arising from these decisions to the uncertainty in future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> itself. We also test whether certain choices offer improved skill for extrapolating to a <span class="hlt">changed</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span> and whether <span class="hlt">internal</span> cross-validation skill indicates extrapolative skill. We compared projected vulnerability for 29 wetland-dependent bird species breeding in the <span class="hlt">climatically</span> dynamic Prairie Pothole Region, USA. For each species we built 1,080 SDMs to represent a unique combination of: future <span class="hlt">climate</span>, class of <span class="hlt">climate</span> covariates, collinearity level, and thresholding procedure. We examined the variation in projected vulnerability attributed to each uncertainty source. To assess extrapolation skill under a <span class="hlt">changed</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>, we compared model predictions with observations from historic drought years. Uncertainty in projected vulnerability was substantial, and the largest source was that of future <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Large uncertainty was also attributed to <span class="hlt">climate</span> covariate class with hydrological covariates projecting half the range loss of bioclimatic covariates or other summaries of temperature and precipitation. We found that choices based on performance in cross-validation improved skill in extrapolation. Qualitative rankings were also highly uncertain. Given uncertainty in projected vulnerability and resulting uncertainty in rankings used for conservation prioritization, a number of considerations appear critical for using bioclimatic SDMs to inform <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> mitigation strategies. Our results emphasize explicitly selecting <span class="hlt">climate</span> summaries that most closely represent processes likely to underlie ecological response to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. For example, hydrological covariates projected substantially reduced vulnerability, highlighting the importance of considering whether water</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/2762','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/2762"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and forest disturbances</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Virginia H. Dale; Linda A. Joyce; Steve McNulty; Ronald P. Neilson; Matthew P. Ayres; Michael D. Flannigan; Paul J. Hanson; Lloyd C. Irland; Ariel E. Lugo; Chris J. Peterson; Daniel Simberloff; Frederick J. Swanson; Brian J. Stocks; Michael Wotton</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>This article examines how eight disturbances influence forest structure, composition, and function, and how <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> may influence the severity, frequency, and magnitude of disturbances to forests. We focus on examples from the United States, although these influences occur worldwide. We also consider options for coping with disturbance under <span class="hlt">changing</span> <span class="hlt">climate</span>....</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=ORGANIZATIONS+AND+INTERNATIONAL+AND+GOVERNMENTAL&id=EJ1064018','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=ORGANIZATIONS+AND+INTERNATIONAL+AND+GOVERNMENTAL&id=EJ1064018"><span>Recent Trends in National Policy on Education for Sustainable Development and <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> Education</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Laessøe, Jeppe; Mochizuki, Yoko</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> education (CCE) is a new phenomenon which is gaining increasing significance in the work of <span class="hlt">international</span> organizations and <span class="hlt">international</span> non-governmental organizations. Based primarily on a cross-national desk study of national policy documents relevant to CCE in 17 countries, which was commissioned by UNESCO to gain a robust…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70038186','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70038186"><span>The response of Lake Tahoe to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Sahoo, G.B.; Schladow, S.G.; Reuter, J.E.; Coats, R.; Dettinger, M.; Riverson, J.; Wolfe, B.; Costa-Cabral, M.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Meteorology is the driving force for lake <span class="hlt">internal</span> heating, cooling, mixing, and circulation. Thus continued global warming will affect the lake thermal properties, water level, <span class="hlt">internal</span> nutrient loading, nutrient cycling, food-web characteristics, fish-habitat, aquatic ecosystem, and other important features of lake limnology. Using a 1-D numerical model - the Lake Clarity Model (LCM) - together with the down-scaled <span class="hlt">climatic</span> data of the two emissions scenarios (B1 and A2) of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Global Circulation Model, we found that Lake Tahoe will likely cease to mix to the bottom after about 2060 for A2 scenario, with an annual mixing depth of less than 200 m as the most common value. Deep mixing, which currently occurs on average every 3-4 years, will (under the GFDL B1 scenario) occur only four times during 2061 to 2098. When the lake fails to completely mix, the bottom waters are not replenished with dissolved oxygen and eventually dissolved oxygen at these depths will be depleted to zero. When this occurs, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and ammonium-nitrogen (both biostimulatory) are released from the deep sediments and contribute approximately 51 % and 14 % of the total SRP and dissolved inorganic nitrogen load, respectively. The lake model suggests that <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will drive the lake surface level down below the natural rim after 2085 for the GFDL A2 but not the GFDL B1 scenario. The results indicate that continued <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">changes</span> could pose serious threats to the characteristics of the Lake that are most highly valued. Future water quality planning must take these results into account.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.6595D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.6595D"><span>Using simple chaotic models to interpret <span class="hlt">climate</span> under <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: Implications for probabilistic <span class="hlt">climate</span> prediction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Daron, Joseph</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>Exploring the reliability of model based projections is an important pre-cursor to evaluating their societal relevance. In order to better inform decisions concerning adaptation (and mitigation) to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, we must investigate whether or not our models are capable of replicating the dynamic nature of the <span class="hlt">climate</span> system. Whilst uncertainty is inherent within <span class="hlt">climate</span> prediction, establishing and communicating what is plausible as opposed to what is likely is the first step to ensuring that <span class="hlt">climate</span> sensitive systems are robust to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> prediction centers are moving towards probabilistic projections of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> at regional and local scales (Murphy et al., 2009). It is therefore important to understand what a probabilistic forecast means for a chaotic nonlinear dynamic system that is subject to <span class="hlt">changing</span> forcings. It is in this context that we present the results of experiments using simple models that can be considered analogous to the more complex <span class="hlt">climate</span> system, namely the Lorenz 1963 and Lorenz 1984 models (Lorenz, 1963; Lorenz, 1984). Whilst the search for a low-dimensional <span class="hlt">climate</span> attractor remains illusive (Fraedrich, 1986; Sahay and Sreenivasan, 1996) the characterization of the <span class="hlt">climate</span> system in such terms can be useful for conceptual and computational simplicity. Recognising that a <span class="hlt">change</span> in <span class="hlt">climate</span> is manifest in a <span class="hlt">change</span> in the distribution of a particular <span class="hlt">climate</span> variable (Stainforth et al., 2007), we first establish the equilibrium distributions of the Lorenz systems for certain parameter settings. Allowing the parameters to vary in time, we investigate the dependency of such distributions to initial conditions and discuss the implications for <span class="hlt">climate</span> prediction. We argue that the role of chaos and nonlinear dynamic behaviour ought to have more prominence in the discussion of the forecasting capabilities in <span class="hlt">climate</span> prediction. References: Fraedrich, K. Estimating the dimensions of weather and <span class="hlt">climate</span> attractors. J. Atmos. Sci</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25669818','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25669818"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and ecological public health.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Goodman, Benny</p> <p>2015-02-17</p> <p><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> has been identified as a serious threat to human health, associated with the sustainability of current practices and lifestyles. Nurses should expand their health promotion role to address current and emerging threats to health from <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and to address ecological public health. This article briefly outlines <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and the concept of ecological public health, and discusses a 2012 review of the role of the nurse in health promotion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5033185','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5033185"><span>Challenges of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Husaini, Amjad M</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Kashmir valley is a major saffron (Crocus sativus Kashmirianus) growing area of the world, second only to Iran in terms of production. In Kashmir, saffron is grown on uplands (termed in the local language as “Karewas”), which are lacustrine deposits located at an altitude of 1585 to 1677 m above mean sea level (amsl), under temperate <span class="hlt">climatic</span> conditions. Kashmir, despite being one of the oldest historical saffron-producing areas faces a rapid decline of saffron industry. Among many other factors responsible for decline of saffron industry the preponderance of erratic rainfalls and drought-like situation have become major challenges imposed by <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Saffron has a limited coverage area as it is grown as a ‘niche crop’ and is a recognized “geographical indication,” growing under a narrow microclimatic condition. As such it has become a victim of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> effects, which has the potential of jeopardizing the livelihood of thousands of farmers and traders associated with it. The paper discusses the potential and actual impact of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> process on saffron cultivation in Kashmir; and the biotechnological measures to address these issues. PMID:25072266</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMED42A..08K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMED42A..08K"><span>Common Ground on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span>: Pairing Opposing Viewpoints for Conversations about <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kirk, K. B.; Duggan-Haas, D.; Hayhoe, K.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>In American public discourse, people tend to strongly identify with the viewpoints held by their cultural and political tribes. However, entrenched positions do little to advance understanding, or work toward solving problems constructively. Worse yet, it has become commonplace to dismiss or demonize those coming from a different point of view - leading to the vitriolic stalemate that often characterizes social media and comment threads when it comes to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. One way to break this pattern is to invite people with opposing opinions to actually talk to one another. This presentation describes the lessons learned during the Common Ground on <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> project, in which people with contrasting views about <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> engage in a moderated interview with each other. Prior to the interview, participants complete a set of values-based questions. The goal is to reveal areas of common ground between apparent opposites, such as a sense of stewardship for Earth's resources, or an opinion that solutions to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> will be more beneficial than harmful. The structure of the interviews is based on the hypothesis that if a conversation begins with an appreciation of common values, it becomes easier to broach areas of disagreement. Participants are matched up in one-on-one moderated interviews where they are encouraged to share their concerns, ideas, and priorities about the validity of <span class="hlt">climate</span> science, the need for urgent action, and the types of solutions they find most tenable. Emerging themes from this series of interviews include the value of a diversity of outlooks, and the ability for moderated conversations to find surprising areas of agreement. Articles about the interviews also appear on the Yale <span class="hlt">Climate</span> Connections website, https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/author/karin/.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70137568','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70137568"><span>Incorporating <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and morphological uncertainty into coastal <span class="hlt">change</span> hazard assessments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Baron, Heather M.; Ruggiero, Peter; Wood, Nathan J.; Harris, Erica L.; Allan, Jonathan; Komar, Paul D.; Corcoran, Patrick</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Documented and forecasted trends in rising sea levels and <span class="hlt">changes</span> in storminess patterns have the potential to increase the frequency, magnitude, and spatial extent of coastal <span class="hlt">change</span> hazards. To develop realistic adaptation strategies, coastal planners need information about coastal <span class="hlt">change</span> hazards that recognizes the dynamic temporal and spatial scales of beach morphology, the <span class="hlt">climate</span> controls on coastal <span class="hlt">change</span> hazards, and the uncertainties surrounding the drivers and impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. We present a probabilistic approach for quantifying and mapping coastal <span class="hlt">change</span> hazards that incorporates the uncertainty associated with both <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and morphological variability. To demonstrate the approach, coastal <span class="hlt">change</span> hazard zones of arbitrary confidence levels are developed for the Tillamook County (State of Oregon, USA) coastline using a suite of simple models and a range of possible <span class="hlt">climate</span> futures related to wave <span class="hlt">climate</span>, sea-level rise projections, and the frequency of major El Niño events. Extreme total water levels are more influenced by wave height variability, whereas the magnitude of erosion is more influenced by sea-level rise scenarios. Morphological variability has a stronger influence on the width of coastal hazard zones than the uncertainty associated with the range of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> scenarios.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18556546','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18556546"><span>Forests and <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: forcings, feedbacks, and the <span class="hlt">climate</span> benefits of forests.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bonan, Gordon B</p> <p>2008-06-13</p> <p>The world's forests influence <span class="hlt">climate</span> through physical, chemical, and biological processes that affect planetary energetics, the hydrologic cycle, and atmospheric composition. These complex and nonlinear forest-atmosphere interactions can dampen or amplify anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Tropical, temperate, and boreal reforestation and afforestation attenuate global warming through carbon sequestration. Biogeophysical feedbacks can enhance or diminish this negative <span class="hlt">climate</span> forcing. Tropical forests mitigate warming through evaporative cooling, but the low albedo of boreal forests is a positive <span class="hlt">climate</span> forcing. The evaporative effect of temperate forests is unclear. The net <span class="hlt">climate</span> forcing from these and other processes is not known. Forests are under tremendous pressure from global <span class="hlt">change</span>. Interdisciplinary science that integrates knowledge of the many interacting <span class="hlt">climate</span> services of forests with the impacts of global <span class="hlt">change</span> is necessary to identify and understand as yet unexplored feedbacks in the Earth system and the potential of forests to mitigate <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.3910N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.3910N"><span>Tracing society in <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>: Societal negotiations and physical dynamics of water under <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> conditions in the Cordillera Blanca region, Peru</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Neuburger, Martina; Gurgiser, Wolfgang; Maussion, Fabien; Singer, Katrin; Kaser, Georg</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Natural scientists observe and project <span class="hlt">changes</span> in precipitation and temperature at different spatio-temporal scales and investigate impacts on glaciers and hydrological regimes. Simultaneously, social groups experience ecological phenomena as linked to <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and integrate them into their understanding of nature and their logics of action, while political actors refer to scientific results as legitimization to focus on adaptation and mitigation strategies on global, national and regional/local level. However, natural and socio-political <span class="hlt">changes</span> on various scales (regarding time and space) are not directly interlinked, but are communicated by energy and material flows, by discourses, power relations and institutional regulations. In this context, it remains still unclear how natural dynamics are (dis)entangled with societal processes in their historical dimensions and in their interrelations from global via national to regional and local scales. Considering the Cordillera Blanca region in Peru as an example, we analyze the intertwining of scales (global, national, regional, local) and spheres (natural, political, societal) to detect entanglements and disconnections of observed processes. Using the methodology of a time line, we present precipitation variability and glacier recession at different scales, estimate qualitative water availability and investigate the links to the implementation of <span class="hlt">international</span> and national political programs on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> adaptation in the Cordillera Blanca region focusing on water and agrarian programs. Finally, we include supposedly contradictory reports of rural population on <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> and related impacts on water availability and agricultural production to analyze the (dis)entanglement due to <span class="hlt">changing</span> power relations and dominant discourses.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/90175','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/90175"><span>Detection of greenhouse-gas-induced <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>. Progress report, July 1, 1994--July 31, 1995</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Jones, P.D.; Wigley, T.M.L.</p> <p>1995-07-21</p> <p>The objective of this research is to assembly and analyze instrumental <span class="hlt">climate</span> data and to develop and apply <span class="hlt">climate</span> models as a basis for detecting greenhouse-gas-induced <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">change</span>, and validation of General Circulation Models. In addition to <span class="hlt">changes</span> due to variations in anthropogenic forcing, including greenhouse gas and aerosol concentration <span class="hlt">changes</span>, the global <span class="hlt">climate</span> system exhibits a high degree of <span class="hlt">internally</span>-generated and externally-forced natural variability. To detect the anthropogenic effect, its signal must be isolated from the ``noise`` of this natural <span class="hlt">climatic</span> variability. A high quality, spatially extensive data base is required to define the noise and its spatial characteristics.more » To facilitate this, available land and marine data bases will be updated and expanded. The data will be analyzed to determine the potential effects on <span class="hlt">climate</span> of greenhouse gas and aerosol concentration <span class="hlt">changes</span> and other factors. Analyses will be guided by a variety of models, from simple energy balance <span class="hlt">climate</span> models to coupled atmosphere ocean General Circulation Models. These analyses are oriented towards obtaining early evidence of anthropogenic <span class="hlt">climatic</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> that would lead either to confirmation, rejection or modification of model projections, and towards the statistical validation of General Circulation Model control runs and perturbation experiments.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Cosmo..12...29T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Cosmo..12...29T"><span><span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">Change</span> and Fish Availability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Teng, Paul P. S.; Lassa, Jonatan; Caballero-Anthony, Mely</p> <p></p> <p>Human consumption of fish has been trending upwards in the past decades and this is projected to continue. The main sources of fish are from wild fisheries (marine and freshwater) and aquaculture. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is anticipated to affect the availability of fish through its effect on these two sources as well as on supply chain processes such as storage, transport, processing and retail. <span class="hlt">Climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> is known to result in warmer and more acid oceans. Ocean acidification due to higher CO2 concentration levels at sea modifies the distribution of phytoplankton and zooplankton to affect wild, capture fisheries. Higher temperature causes warm-water coral reefs to respond with species replacement and bleaching, leading to coral cover loss and habitat loss. Global <span class="hlt">changes</span> in <span class="hlt">climatic</span> systems may also cause fish invasion, extinction and turnover. While this may be catastrophic for small scale fish farming in poor tropical communities, there are also potential effects on animal protein supply shifts at local and global scales with food security consequences. This paper discusses the potential impacts of <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on fisheries and aquaculture in the Asian Pacific region, with special emphasis on Southeast Asia. The key question to be addressed is “What are the impacts of global <span class="hlt">climate</span> <span class="hlt">change</span> on global fish harvests and what does it mean to the availability of fish?”</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. 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