10 CFR 429.20 - Residential clothes washers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...). For standard-size residential clothes washers, a water factor (WF) in gallons per cycle per cubic feet... integrated modified energy factor (IMEF) in cu ft/kWh/cycle, the integrated water factor (IWF) in gal/cycle... randomly selected and tested to ensure that— (i) Any represented value of the water factor, integrated...

77 FR 59719 - Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Clothes Washers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-01

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 10 CFR Parts 429 and 430 [Docket Number EERE-2008-BT-STD-0019] RIN 1904-AB90 Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Clothes Washers AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy. ACTION: Notice of effective date and...

76 FR 70918 - Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Residential Clothes Washers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-16

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 10 CFR Parts 429 and 430 [Docket No. EERE-2010-BT-TP-0021] RIN 1904-AC08 Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Residential Clothes Washers Correction In proposed rule document 2011-28543 appearing on pages 69870-69893 in the issue of November 9, 2011, make the following correction: On page 69870, in the first...

10 CFR Appendix J1 to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Automatic and Semi-Automatic Clothes...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... characteristics of the clothes load placed in the clothes container, without allowing or requiring consumer... weight of the clothes load placed in the clothes container, without allowing or requiring consumer....4Clothes container means the compartment within the clothes washer that holds the clothes during the...

76 FR 49237 - Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Residential Clothes Washers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-09

...In this supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking (SNOPR), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) proposes to revise its test procedure for residential clothes washers established under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA). DOE proposes to incorporate provisions of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard 62301, ``Household electrical appliances--Measurement of standby power'' (Second Edition). DOE also proposes to update the provisions for measuring active mode energy and water consumption.

15 CFR 9.3 - Appliances and equipment included in program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... and central air conditioners, household refrigerators, home freezers, clothes washers, dishwashers, clothes dryers, kitchen ranges and ovens, water heaters, comfort heating equipment, and television...

15 CFR 9.3 - Appliances and equipment included in program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... and central air conditioners, household refrigerators, home freezers, clothes washers, dishwashers, clothes dryers, kitchen ranges and ovens, water heaters, comfort heating equipment, and television...

15 CFR 9.3 - Appliances and equipment included in program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... and central air conditioners, household refrigerators, home freezers, clothes washers, dishwashers, clothes dryers, kitchen ranges and ovens, water heaters, comfort heating equipment, and television...

15 CFR 9.3 - Appliances and equipment included in program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... and central air conditioners, household refrigerators, home freezers, clothes washers, dishwashers, clothes dryers, kitchen ranges and ovens, water heaters, comfort heating equipment, and television...

15 CFR 9.3 - Appliances and equipment included in program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... and central air conditioners, household refrigerators, home freezers, clothes washers, dishwashers, clothes dryers, kitchen ranges and ovens, water heaters, comfort heating equipment, and television...

WashWise cleans up the Northwest: Lessons learned from the Northwest high-efficiency clothes washer initiative

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gordon, L.M.; Banks, D.L.; Brenneke, M.E.

1998-07-01

WashWise is a regional market transformation program designed to promote the sale and acceptance or resource-efficient clothes washers (RECWs) in the Northwest through financial incentives, education, and marketing. The Program is sponsored by the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (the Alliance), a non-profit regional consortium of utilities, government, public interest groups, and private sector organizations. WashWise started in May 1997 and will continue through the end of 1999. WashWise works to transform the clothes washer market primarily at the retail level through an in-store instant rebate and a retailer bonus. In addition to financial incentives, WashWise has undertaken a collaborative marketingmore » and promotional campaign to educate consumers about the financial savings and other benefits of RECWs. The program promotes only RECWs that meet strict energy and water savings criteria. WashWise has far exceeded initial expectations; annual program sales goals were met in the first three months. As of June 1998, 30,000 RECWs have been sold through the program (representing approximately 13 percent of the Northwest residential clothes washer market). In addition, over 540 retailers, including national and regional chains, are participating in the program. Preliminary survey results also have also provided evidence of broad customer satisfaction. This paper reviews the key elements that have contributed to the success of the WashWise program. In addition, the paper provides program results and indicates future directions for WashWise and the RECW market.« less

Can Standards Increase Consumer Welfare? Evidence from a Change in Clothes Washer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Xiaomei; Roberts, Michael J.; Yang, Hung-Chia

We study prices and sales of individual clothes washer models before, during and after a 2007 standard that banned manufacture (but not sale) of low-e ciency units and increased the threshold for Energy Star certi cation. While quantities sold of washer models banned from manufacture decreased sharply, prices for banned models increased only modestly. At the same time, sales of higher-e ciency units rose markedly while prices for high-e ciency units declined. On average, washer e ciency increased but prices changed little. A simple welfare analysis indicates that consumer welfare loss from banned washers was far outweighed by gains frommore » lower-priced high-e ciency units. While a full cost-bene t analysis is not feasible with the available data, we estimate a lower-bound gain in consumer surplus equal to 6-16 percent of total sales. This result may accord with earlier theoretical research that shows quality standards can increase welfare in monopolistically competitive industries that possess increasing returns to scale (Ronnen, 1991). Thus, if energy e ciency is a close proxy for quality, energy e ciency standards may increase competition, market e ciency and welfare.« less

10 CFR 429.20 - Residential clothes washers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... washers, a water factor (WF) in gallons per cycle per cubic feet (gal/cycle/cu ft). [76 FR 12451, Mar. 7... randomly selected and tested to ensure that— (i) Any represented value of the water factor, the estimated annual operating cost, the energy or water consumption, or other measure of energy or water consumption...

10 CFR 431.154 - Test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Test procedures. 431.154 Section 431.154 Energy DEPARTMENT... EQUIPMENT Commercial Clothers Washers Test Procedures § 431.154 Test procedures. The test procedures for residential clothes washers in Appendix J1 to subpart B of part 430 of this title shall be used to test...

10 CFR Appendix J to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Automatic and Semi-Automatic Clothes...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...'s true energy consumption characteristics as to provide materially inaccurate comparative data... clothes washers should be totally representative of the design, construction, and control system that will...

10 CFR Appendix J to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Automatic and Semi-Automatic Clothes...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...'s true energy consumption characteristics as to provide materially inaccurate comparative data... clothes washers should be totally representative of the design, construction, and control system that will...

10 CFR Appendix J to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Automatic and Semi-Automatic Clothes...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...'s true energy consumption characteristics as to provide materially inaccurate comparative data... clothes washers should be totally representative of the design, construction, and control system that will...

Environmental assessment for proposed energy conservation standards for three types of consumer products: dishwashers, clothes washers and clothes dryers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1989-01-01

This environmental assessment (EA) evaluates the environmental impacts resulting from new or amended energy-efficiency standards for dishwashers, clothes washers and clothes dryers as mandated by the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987. A complete description of the Engineering and Economic Analysis of the proposed standards may be found elsewhere in the Technical Support Document (TSD). All eleven of the scenarios for product design changes described in the Engineering Analysis of the TSD are analyzed in the environmental assessment in the form of levels of pollutant reduction. Level 1 represents the least amount of pollutant reduction, while higher numbered levelsmore » represent increasingly more stringent standards, with correspondingly greater reductions in pollutants. Values for energy savings that result from product design changes are taken from the TSD. These energy savings are based on recent data on actual usage rather than DOE test procedures. 12 refs., 1 fig., 12 tabs.« less

Essays in applied microeconomics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davis, Lucas William

2005-11-01

The first essay measures the impact of an outbreak of pediatric leukemia on local housing values. A model of residential location choice is used to describe conditions under which the gradient of the hedonic price function with respect to health risk is equal to household marginal willingness to pay to avoid pediatric leukemia risk. This equalizing differential is estimated using property-level sales records from a county in Nevada where residents have recently experienced a severe increase in pediatric leukemia. Housing values are compared before and after the increase with a nearby county acting as a control group. The results indicate that housing values decreased 15.6% during the period of maximum risk. Results are similar for alternative measures of risk and across houses of different sizes. With risk estimates derived using a Bayesian learning model the results imply a statistical value of pediatric leukemia of $5.6 million. The results from the paper provide some of the first market-based estimates of the value of health for children. The second essay evaluates the cost-effectiveness of public incentives that encourage households to purchase high-efficiency durable goods. The demand for durable goods and the demand for energy and other inputs are modeled jointly as the solution to a household production problem. The empirical analysis focuses on the case of clothes washers. The production technology and utilization decision are estimated using household-level data from field trials in which participants received front-loading clothes washers free of charge. The estimation strategy exploits this quasi-random replacement of washers to derive robust estimates of the utilization decision. The results indicate a price elasticity, -.06, that is statistically different from zero across specifications. The parameters from the utilization decision are used to estimate the purchase decision using data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey, 1994-2002. Households consider optimal utilization levels, purchase prices, water rates, energy rates and other factors when deciding which clothes washer to purchase. The complete model is used to simulate the effects of rebate programs and other policies on adoption patterns of clothes washers and household demand for water and energy.

Laundering in space - A summary of recent developments.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Houck, O. K.; Symons, J. J.

1973-01-01

Clothing must be washed and reused on future long duration space missions to maintain personal hygiene without severe weight penalties of stored clothing. Laundering equipment that may operate in the absence of gravity is being developed. Weight savings expected from this equipment are illustrated in this paper that describes a six-man combined clothes washer/dryer engineering prototype. Also included in the paper is the rationale used in selecting the final prototype design as well as a discussion of major factors affecting design and performance.

Horizontal-axis clothes washer market poised for expansion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

George, K.L.

1994-12-31

The availability of energy- and water-efficient horizontal-axis washing machines in the North American market is growing, as US and European manufacturers position for an expected long-term market shift toward horizontal-axis (H-axis) technology. Four of the five major producers of washing machines in the US are developing or considering new H-axis models. New entrants, including US-based Staber Industries and several European manufacturers, are also expected to compete in this market. The intensified interest in H-axis technology is partly driven by speculation that new US energy efficiency standards, to be proposed in 1996 and implemented in 1999, will effectively mandate H-axis machines.more » H-axis washers typically use one-third to two-thirds less energy, water, and detergent than vertical-axis machines. Some models also reduce the energy needed to dry the laundry, since their higher spin speeds extract more water than is typical with vertical-axis designs. H-axis washing machines are the focus of two broadly-based efforts to support coordinated research and incentive programs by electric, gas, and water utilities: The High-Efficiency Laundry Metering/Marketing Analysis (THELMA), and the Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) High-Efficiency Clothes Washer Initiative. These efforts may help to pave the way for new types of marketing partnerships among utilities and other parties that could help to speed adoption of H-axis washers.« less

10 CFR Appendix J1 to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Automatic and Semi-Automatic Clothes...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... clothes washer design can achieve spin speeds in the 500g range. When this matrix is repeated 3 times, a...) or an equivalent extractor with same basket design (i.e. diameter, length, volume, and hole... materially inaccurate comparative data, field testing may be appropriate for establishing an acceptable test...

10 CFR Appendix J1 to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Automatic and Semi-Automatic Clothes...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

.... The 500g requirement will only be used if a clothes washer design can achieve spin speeds in the 500g... Products, P.O. Box 5127, Toledo, OH 43611) or an equivalent extractor with same basket design (i.e... provide materially inaccurate comparative data, field testing may be appropriate for establishing an...

Water Conservation as a Way to Lessen the Impact of New Construction at the Presidio of Monterey.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-06-01

and the laundry figure would be about 8 gpcd, rather than 10 gpcd, to reflect the use of off-post laundromats and the use of dry cleaning shops for...but not encugh to make a difference, although the post laundry or laundromat will continue to consume water. Also, mcst new clothes washers are water...and energy effi- cient so no new savings would be available. Future constructicn of laundromats should evaluate the type of washer being installed. 68

16 CFR Appendix F1 to Part 305 - Standard Clothes Washers

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... CONCERNING DISCLOSURES REGARDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND WATER USE OF CERTAIN HOME APPLIANCES AND OTHER PRODUCTS REQUIRED UNDER THE ENERGY POLICY AND CONSERVATION ACT (âAPPLIANCE LABELING RULEâ) Pt. 305, App. F1...

16 CFR Appendix F2 to Part 305 - Compact Clothes Washers

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... CONCERNING DISCLOSURES REGARDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND WATER USE OF CERTAIN HOME APPLIANCES AND OTHER PRODUCTS REQUIRED UNDER THE ENERGY POLICY AND CONSERVATION ACT (âAPPLIANCE LABELING RULEâ) Pt. 305, App. F2...

16 CFR Appendix F1 to Part 305 - Standard Clothes Washers

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... CONCERNING DISCLOSURES REGARDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND WATER USE OF CERTAIN HOME APPLIANCES AND OTHER PRODUCTS REQUIRED UNDER THE ENERGY POLICY AND CONSERVATION ACT (âAPPLIANCE LABELING RULEâ) Pt. 305, App. F1...

16 CFR Appendix F2 to Part 305 - Compact Clothes Washers

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... CONCERNING DISCLOSURES REGARDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND WATER USE OF CERTAIN HOME APPLIANCES AND OTHER PRODUCTS REQUIRED UNDER THE ENERGY POLICY AND CONSERVATION ACT (âAPPLIANCE LABELING RULEâ) Pt. 305, App. F2...

16 CFR Appendix F1 to Part 305 - Standard Clothes Washers

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... CONCERNING DISCLOSURES REGARDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND WATER USE OF CERTAIN HOME APPLIANCES AND OTHER PRODUCTS REQUIRED UNDER THE ENERGY POLICY AND CONSERVATION ACT (âAPPLIANCE LABELING RULEâ) Pt. 305, App. F1...

16 CFR Appendix F2 to Part 305 - Compact Clothes Washers

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... CONCERNING DISCLOSURES REGARDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND WATER USE OF CERTAIN HOME APPLIANCES AND OTHER PRODUCTS REQUIRED UNDER THE ENERGY POLICY AND CONSERVATION ACT (âAPPLIANCE LABELING RULEâ) Pt. 305, App. F2...

16 CFR Appendix F1 to Part 305 - Standard Clothes Washers

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... CONCERNING DISCLOSURES REGARDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND WATER USE OF CERTAIN HOME APPLIANCES AND OTHER PRODUCTS REQUIRED UNDER THE ENERGY POLICY AND CONSERVATION ACT (âAPPLIANCE LABELING RULEâ) Pt. 305, App. F1...

16 CFR Appendix F2 to Part 305 - Compact Clothes Washers

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... CONCERNING DISCLOSURES REGARDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND WATER USE OF CERTAIN HOME APPLIANCES AND OTHER PRODUCTS REQUIRED UNDER THE ENERGY POLICY AND CONSERVATION ACT (âAPPLIANCE LABELING RULEâ) Pt. 305, App. F2...

10 CFR Appendix J1 to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Automatic and Semi-Automatic Clothes...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

.... The 500g requirement will only be used if a clothes washer design can achieve spin speeds in the 500g... Products, P.O. Box 5127, Toledo, OH 43611) or an equivalent extractor with same basket design (i.e... characteristics as to provide materially inaccurate comparative data, field testing may be appropriate for...

10 CFR Appendix J1 to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Automatic and Semi-Automatic Clothes...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

.... The 500g requirement will only be used if a clothes washer design can achieve spin speeds in the 500g... Products, P.O. Box 5127, Toledo, OH 43611) or an equivalent extractor with same basket design (i.e... characteristics as to provide materially inaccurate comparative data, field testing may be appropriate for...

Method for Evaluating Energy Use of Dishwashers, Clothes Washers, and Clothes Dryers: Preprint

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Eastment, M.; Hendron, R.

Building America teams are researching opportunities to improve energy efficiency for some of the more challenging end-uses, such as lighting (both fixed and occupant-provided), appliances (clothes washer, dishwasher, clothes dryer, refrigerator, and range), and miscellaneous electric loads, which are all heavily dependent on occupant behavior and product choices. These end-uses have grown to be a much more significant fraction of total household energy use (as much as 50% for very efficient homes) as energy efficient homes have become more commonplace through programs such as ENERGY STAR and Building America. As modern appliances become more sophisticated the residential energy analyst ismore » faced with a daunting task in trying to calculate the energy savings of high efficiency appliances. Unfortunately, most whole-building simulation tools do not allow the input of detailed appliance specifications. Using DOE test procedures the method outlined in this paper presents a reasonable way to generate inputs for whole-building energy-simulation tools. The information necessary to generate these inputs is available on Energy-Guide labels, the ENERGY-STAR website, California Energy Commission's Appliance website and manufacturer's literature. Building America has developed a standard method for analyzing the effect of high efficiency appliances on whole-building energy consumption when compared to the Building America's Research Benchmark building.« less

16 CFR 305.11 - Labeling for refrigerators, refrigerator-freezers, freezers, dishwashers, clothes washers, water...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... headline, copy, and charts to maintain uniformity for immediate consumer recognition and readability. Trim... faces to be used are indicated on the prototype labels. No hyphenation should be used in setting...

16 CFR 305.11 - Labeling for refrigerators, refrigerator-freezers, freezers, dishwashers, clothes washers, water...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... headline, copy, and charts to maintain uniformity for immediate consumer recognition and readability. Trim... faces to be used are indicated on the prototype labels. No hyphenation should be used in setting...

16 CFR 305.11 - Labeling for refrigerators, refrigerator-freezers, freezers, dishwashers, clothes washers, water...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... headline, copy, and charts to maintain uniformity for immediate consumer recognition and readability. Trim... faces to be used are indicated on the prototype labels. No hyphenation should be used in setting...

16 CFR 305.11 - Labeling for refrigerators, refrigerator-freezers, freezers, dishwashers, clothes washers, water...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... headline, copy, and charts to maintain uniformity for immediate consumer recognition and readability. Trim... faces to be used are indicated on the prototype labels. No hyphenation should be used in setting...

Appliance Efficiency Standards and Price Discrimination

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Spurlock, Cecily Anna

2013-05-08

I explore the effects of two simultaneous changes in minimum energy efficiency and ENERGY STAR standards for clothes washers. Adapting the Mussa and Rosen (1978) and Ronnen (1991) second-degree price discrimination model, I demonstrate that clothes washer prices and menus adjusted to the new standards in patterns consistent with a market in which firms had been price discriminating. In particular, I show evidence of discontinuous price drops at the time the standards were imposed, driven largely by mid-low efficiency segments of the market. The price discrimination model predicts this result. On the other hand, in a perfectly competition market, pricesmore » should increase for these market segments. Additionally, new models proliferated in the highest efficiency market segment following the standard changes. Finally, I show that firms appeared to use different adaptation strategies at the two instances of the standards changing.« less

75 FR 57915 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Notice of Petition for Waiver of the General...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-23

... Than Automobiles.'' (42 U.S.C. 6291-6309). Part A includes definitions, test procedures, labeling... marketer of household appliances, including, as relevant to this proceeding, clothes washers, files this...

16 CFR 305.11 - Labeling for refrigerators, refrigerator-freezers, freezers, dishwashers, clothes washers, water...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... immediate consumer recognition and readability. Trim size dimensions for all labels shall be as follows... on the label. Specific sizes and faces to be used are indicated on the prototype labels. No...

78 FR 1570 - Semiannual Regulatory Agenda

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-08

... Transformers (energy efficiency standards) Residential clothes washers (energy efficiency standards... Distribution Transformers (Reg Plan Seq No. 32). 263 Test Procedures for 1904-AC76 Residential Refrigerators... Efficiency Standards for Distribution Transformers Regulatory Plan: This entry is Seq. No. 32 in part II of...

10 CFR 430.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Standards Institute. Appliance lamp means any lamp that— (1) Is specifically designed to operate in a... clothes washer which has a control system which is capable of scheduling a preselected combination of... to faucets and showerheads: Have the identical flow control mechanism attached to or installed within...

10 CFR 430.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Standards Institute. Appliance lamp means any lamp that— (1) Is specifically designed to operate in a... clothes washer which has a control system which is capable of scheduling a preselected combination of... control mechanism attached to or installed within the fixture fittings, or the identical water-passage...

75 FR 1121 - Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Certain Consumer Products...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-08

...The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is adopting amended energy conservation standards for commercial clothes washers (CCWs). DOE has determined that amended energy conservation standards for these types of equipment would result in significant conservation of energy, and are technologically feasible and economically justified.

76 FR 69869 - Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Residential Clothes Washers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-09

... manual water fill control system, user- adjustable adaptive water fill control system, or adaptive water fill control system with alternate manual water fill control system, use the water fill selector... and transcripts, comments, and other supporting documents/ materials. All documents in the docket are...

75 FR 57555 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedure for Residential Clothes Washers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-21

... one signed original paper copy. 4. Hand Delivery/Courier: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of.... Telephone: (202) 586-2945. Please submit one signed original paper copy. For detailed instructions on...-mail: [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Table of Contents I. Background and Legal...

77 FR 48108 - Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Clothes Washers: Public Meeting and Availability of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-13

... written comments on potential amended standards, including comments on the issues identified in the... Legal Authority II. Test Procedures III. Energy Conservation Standards I. Introduction and Legal... the date of publication of the final standards. II. Test Procedures EPCA requires that CCWs use the...

76 FR 11233 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Decision and Order Granting a Waiver to LG...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-01

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [Case No. CW-016] Energy... Energy Residential Clothes Washer Test Procedure AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy... 23, 2011. Cathy Zoi, Assistant Secretary, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Decision and Order...

77 FR 4999 - Decision and Order Granting a Waiver to LG From the Department of Energy Clothes Washer Test...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-01

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [Case No. CW-022] Decision...: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy. ACTION: Decision and Order.... Hogan, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy...

10 CFR 429.46 - Commercial clothes washers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... the water factor in gallons per cubic feet per cycle (gal/cu ft/cycle) for units manufactured on or... randomly selected and tested to ensure that— (i) Any represented value of energy or water consumption or other measure of energy or water consumption of a basic model for which consumers would favor lower...

10 CFR 429.46 - Commercial clothes washers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... the water factor in gallons per cubic feet per cycle (gal/cu ft/cycle) for units manufactured on or... randomly selected and tested to ensure that— (i) Any represented value of energy or water consumption or other measure of energy or water consumption of a basic model for which consumers would favor lower...

10 CFR 429.46 - Commercial clothes washers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... the water factor in gallons per cubic feet per cycle (gal/cu ft/cycle) for units manufactured on or... randomly selected and tested to ensure that— (i) Any represented value of energy or water consumption or other measure of energy or water consumption of a basic model for which consumers would favor lower...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

none,

The home that won a Production Builder award in the 2014 Housing Innovation Awards serves as a model for this builder, showcasing high-tech features including an electric car charging station; a compressed natural gas (CNG) car fueling station; a greywater recycling system that filters shower, sink, and clothes washer water for yard irrigation; smart appliances; and an electronic energy management system.

75 FR 57556 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedure for Residential Clothes Washers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-21

... signed original paper copy. 4. Hand Delivery/Courier: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy...) 586-2945. Please submit one signed original paper copy. For detailed instructions on submitting....Edwards @ee.doe.gov. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Table of Contents I. Background and Legal Authority II...

26 CFR 48.4218-1 - Tax on use by manufacturer, producer, or importer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... the incorporation of a taxable article, such as an electric light bulb, into a nontaxable article... type electric or gas clothes drier incorporated in a combination washer-drier. (b) Household type electric, gas, or oil cooking range combined either with a range using other means of heating or with a...

26 CFR 48.4218-1 - Tax on use by manufacturer, producer, or importer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the incorporation of a taxable article, such as an electric light bulb, into a nontaxable article... type electric or gas clothes drier incorporated in a combination washer-drier. (b) Household type electric, gas, or oil cooking range combined either with a range using other means of heating or with a...

Comparison of Test Procedures and Energy Efficiency Criteria in Selected International Standards and Labeling Programs for Clothes Washers, Water Dispensers, Vending Machines and CFLs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fridley, David; Zheng, Nina; Zhou, Nan

Since the late 1970s, energy labeling programs and mandatory energy performance standards have been used in many different countries to improve the efficiency levels of major residential and commercial equipment. As more countries and regions launch programs covering a greater range of products that are traded worldwide, greater attention has been given to harmonizing the specific efficiency criteria in these programs and the test methods for measurements. For example, an international compact fluorescent light (CFL) harmonization initiative was launched in 2006 to focus on collaboration between Australia, China, Europe and North America. Given the long history of standards and labelingmore » programs, most major energy-consuming residential appliances and commercial equipment are already covered under minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) and/or energy labels. For these products, such as clothes washers and CFLs, harmonization may still be possible when national MEPS or labeling thresholds are revised. Greater opportunity for harmonization exists in newer energy-consuming products that are not commonly regulated but are under consideration for new standards and labeling programs. This may include commercial products such as water dispensers and vending machines, which are only covered by MEPS or energy labels in a few countries or regions. As China continues to expand its appliance standards and labeling programs and revise existing standards and labels, it is important to learn from recent international experiences with efficiency criteria and test procedures for the same products. Specifically, various types of standards and labeling programs already exist in North America, Europe and throughout Asia for products in China's 2010 standards and labeling programs, namely clothes washers, water dispensers, vending machines and CFLs. This report thus examines similarities and critical differences in energy efficiency values, test procedure specifications and other technical performance requirements in existing international programs in order to shed light on where Chinese programs currently stands and considerations for their 2010 programs.« less

76 FR 13169 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Decision and Order Granting a Waiver to...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-10

... Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Decision and Order Granting a Waiver to Samsung Electronics America... Electronics America, Inc. (Samsung) a waiver from the DOE clothes washer test procedure for determining the.... Decision and Order In the Matter of: Samsung Electronics America, Inc. (Case No. CW- 014) I. Background and...

75 FR 57937 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Notice of Petition for Waiver of Samsung...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-23

... determining the energy consumption of clothes washers. Today's notice also grants an interim waiver of the... evaluate the basic model in a manner so unrepresentative of its true energy consumption characteristics as... manner representative of its energy consumption. 10 CFR 430.27(b)(1)(iii). The Assistant Secretary may...

77 FR 32381 - Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Clothes Washers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-31

... year used for discounting the NPV of total consumer costs and savings, for the time-series of costs and... does not imply that the time-series of cost and benefits from which the annualized values were..., engineering resources, and other conversion activities over a longer period of time depending on the [[Page...

Technical support document: Energy conservation standards for consumer products: Dishwashers, clothes washers, and clothes dryers including: Environmental impacts; regulatory impact analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1990-12-01

The Energy Policy and Conservation Act as amended (P.L. 94-163), establishes energy conservation standards for 12 of the 13 types of consumer products specifically covered by the Act. The legislation requires the Department of Energy (DOE) to consider new or amended standards for these and other types of products at specified times. This Technical Support Document presents the methodology, data and results from the analysis of the energy and economic impacts of standards on dishwashers, clothes washers, and clothes dryers. The economic impact analysis is performed in five major areas: An Engineering Analysis, which establishes technical feasibility and product attributesmore » including costs of design options to improve appliance efficiency. A Consumer Analysis at two levels: national aggregate impacts, and impacts on individuals. The national aggregate impacts include forecasts of appliance sales, efficiencies, energy use, and consumer expenditures. The individual impacts are analyzed by Life-Cycle Cost (LCC), Payback Periods, and Cost of Conserved Energy (CCE), which evaluate the savings in operating expenses relative to increases in purchase price; A Manufacturer Analysis, which provides an estimate of manufacturers' response to the proposed standards. Their response is quantified by changes in several measures of financial performance for a firm. An Industry Impact Analysis shows financial and competitive impacts on the appliance industry. A Utility Analysis that measures the impacts of the altered energy-consumption patterns on electric utilities. A Environmental Effects analysis, which estimates changes in emissions of carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides, due to reduced energy consumption in the home and at the power plant. A Regulatory Impact Analysis collects the results of all the analyses into the net benefits and costs from a national perspective. 47 figs., 171 tabs. (JF)« less

76 FR 64330 - Notice of Petition for Waiver of LG Electronics U.S.A., Inc. From the Department of Energy...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-18

... Petition for Waiver of LG Electronics U.S.A., Inc. From the Department of Energy Residential Clothes Washer... for comments. SUMMARY: This notice announces receipt of and publishes the LG Electronics U.S.A., Inc..., Government Relations and Communications, LG Electronics USA, Inc., 1776 K Street, NW., Washington, DC 20006...

76 FR 70999 - Notice of Petition for Waiver of LG Electronics U.S.A., Inc. From the Department of Energy...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-16

... Petition for Waiver of LG Electronics U.S.A., Inc. From the Department of Energy Clothes Washer Test... comments. SUMMARY: This notice announces receipt of and publishes the LG Electronics U.S.A., Inc. (LG... John I. Taylor, Vice President, Government Relations and Communications, LG Electronics USA, Inc., 1776...

77 FR 32307 - Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Clothes Washers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-31

... today's final rule will be required on March 7, 2015 and January 1, 2018, as set forth in Table I.1 in... information that is exempt from public disclosure. A link to the docket web page can be found at: www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail ;D=EERE-2008-BT-STD-0019. The regulations.gov web page contains instructions on...

Do Heat Pump Clothes Dryers Make Sense for the U.S. Market

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Meyers, Steve; Franco, Victor; Lekov, Alex

Heat pump clothes dryers (HPCDs) can be as much as 50percent more energy-efficient than conventional electric resistance clothes dryers, and therefore have the potential to save substantial amounts of electricity. While not currently available in the U.S., there are manufacturers in Europe and Japan that produce units for those markets. Drawing on analysis conducted for the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) current rulemaking on amended standards for clothes dryers, this paper evaluates the cost-effectiveness of HPCDs in American homes, as well as the national impact analysis for different market share scenarios. In order to get an accurate measurement of realmore » energy savings potential, the paper offers a new energy use calculation methodology that takes into account the most current data on clothes washer cycles, clothes dryer usage frequency, remaining moisture content, and load weight per cycle, which is very different from current test procedure values. Using the above methodology along with product cost estimates developed by DOE, the paper presents the results of a life-cycle cost analysis of the adoption of HPCDs in a representative sample of American homes. The results show that HPCDs have positive economic benefits only for households with high clothes dryer usage or for households with high electricity prices and moderately high utilization.« less

78 FR 43974 - Energy and Water Use Labeling for Consumer Products Under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-23

...The Commission amends the Energy Labeling Rule (``Rule'') by updating comparability ranges and unit energy costs for many EnergyGuide labels. The Commission also issues a conditional exemption and amendments for modified refrigerator and clothes washer labels to help consumers compare the labels for these products after the implementation of upcoming changes to the Department of Energy (``DOE'') test procedures.

A multi-criteria evaluation of high efficiency clothes dryers: Gas and electric

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

deMonsabert, S.; LaFrance, P.M.

1999-11-01

The results of an in-depth analysis to address the possible solutions to save energy and mitigate environmental damage caused by clothes dryers are presented in this paper. The analysis includes an environmental evaluation of gas and electric dryers. Various dryer technologies such as microwave, heat pump, heat recovery, and other designs are analyzed. Highly efficient clothes washers with increased moisture extraction that may reduce dryer impacts are also included within the analysis. The analysis includes the development of a multi-objective decision model that is solved for the short- and long-term to provide optimal courses of action. The results of themore » analysis revealed that fuel switching from electricity to natural gas was the optimal short-term solution. This measure could save a projected 2.5 MMT of carbon emissions annually by the year 2010. The optimal long-term alternative was not clear. The results showed that the option to research and develop a new high efficiency dryer was marginally better than fuel switching.« less

DOE Zero Energy Ready Home Case Study, Weiss Building & Development, LLC., System Home, River Forest, Illinois

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

none,

The Passive House Challenge Home located in River Forest, Illinois, is a 5-bedroom, 4.5-bath, 3,600 ft2 two-story home (plus basement) that costs about $237 less per month to operate than a similar sized home built to the 2009 IECC. For a home with no solar photovoltaic panels installed, it scored an amazingly low 27 on the Home Energy Rating System (HERS) score.An ENERGY STAR-rated dishwasher, clothes washer, and refrigerator; an induction cooktop, condensing clothes dryer, and LED lighting are among the energy-saving devices inside the home. All plumbing fixtures comply with EPA WaterSense criteria. The home was awarded a 2013more » Housing Innovation Award in the "systems builder" category.« less

New developments in water efficiency

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gregg, Tony T.; Dewees, Amanda; Gross, Drema; Hoffman, Bill; Strub, Dan; Watson, Matt

2006-10-01

An overview of significant new developments in water efficiency is presented in this paper. The areas covered will be legislative, regulatory, new programs or program wrinkles, new products, and new studies on the effectiveness of conservation programs. Examples include state and local level efficiency regulations in Texas; the final results of the national submetering study for apartments in the US; the US effort to adopt the IWA protocols for leak detection; new water efficient commercial products such as ET irrigation controllers, new models of efficient clothes washers, and innovative toilet designs.

Cost analysis in support of minimum energy standards for clothes washers and dryers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1979-02-02

The results of the cost analysis of energy conservation design options for laundry products are presented. The analysis was conducted using two approaches. The first, is directed toward the development of industrial engineering cost estimates of each energy conservation option. This approach results in the estimation of manufacturers costs. The second approach is directed toward determining the market price differential of energy conservation features. The results of this approach are shown. The market cost represents the cost to the consumer. It is the final cost, and therefore includes distribution costs as well as manufacturing costs.

Advances in Household Appliances- A Review

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bansal, Pradeep; Vineyard, Edward Allan; Abdelaziz, Omar

2011-01-01

An overview of options and potential barriers and risks for reducing the energy consumption, peak demand, and emissions for seven key energy consuming residential products (refrigerator-freezers, dishwashers, clothes washers, clothes dryers, electric ovens, gas ovens and microwave ovens) is presented. The paper primarily concentrates on the potential energy savings from the use of advanced technologies in appliances for the U.S. market. The significance and usefulness of each technology was evaluated in order to prioritize the R&D needs to improve energy efficiency of appliances in view of energy savings, cost, and complexity. The paper provides a snapshot of the future R&Dmore » needs for each of the technologies along with the associated barriers. Although significant energy savings may be achieved, one of the major barriers in most cases is high first cost. One way of addressing this issue and promoting the introduction of new technologies is to level the playing field for all manufacturers by establishing Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) which are not cost prohibitive and promoting energy efficient products through incentives to both manufacturers and consumers.« less

Industrial-hygiene report, perchloroethylene, Carman's Classic Cleaners, Richmond, California, July 28, 1978

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ludwig, H.R.

1978-03-01

The survey was part of an industrywide mortality and industrial hygiene study of dry cleaning workers exposure to perchlorethylene. To gather data for this larger study, an on site visit was made to the Carman's Classic Cleaners located in Richmond, California. Carman's Classic Cleaners has been using PCE since the present owner had the building constructed in 1954. About 621 kilograms of clothing were dry cleaned each week, with about 129 liters of PCE consumed monthly. The workforce of six includes two pressers, a full time employee who works at the counter and also sews, a part time maintenance man,more » the owner, and his wife. The owner did all the dry cleaning and spotting while his wife marked clothing and worked the counter. Air samples were collected using battery operated pumps and charcoal tubes. The time weighted average exposure to PCE during the 5 hours of operation was 25 parts per million (ppm) for the dry cleaner and 2ppm for the presser. Samples collected in the vicinity of the front counter, washer, and spotting table indicated PCE levels of 3, 29, and 21ppm, respectively. Five minute peak samples during clothing transfer indicated PCE levels of 22, 38, and 17ppm. These exposures were well within the current standards. However, as PCE is a suspected carcinogen, it is necessary that levels be lowered as much as possible. The author recommends measures to help bring this about.« less

Evaluation of Waste Heat Recovery and Utilization from Residential Appliances and Fixtures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tomlinson, John J; Christian, Jeff; Gehl, Anthony C

Executive Summary In every home irrespective of its size, location, age, or efficiency, heat in the form of drainwater or dryer exhaust is wasted. Although from a waste stream, this energy has the potential for being captured, possibly stored, and then reused for preheating hot water or air thereby saving operating costs to the homeowner. In applications such as a shower and possibly a dryer, waste heat is produced at the same time as energy is used, so that a heat exchanger to capture the waste energy and return it to the supply is all that is needed. In othermore » applications such as capturing the energy in drainwater from a tub, dishwasher, or washing machine, the availability of waste heat might not coincide with an immediate use for energy, and consequently a heat exchanger system with heat storage capacity (i.e. a regenerator) would be necessary. This study describes a two-house experimental evaluation of a system designed to capture waste heat from the shower, dishwasher clothes washer and dryer, and to use this waste heat to offset some of the hot water energy needs of the house. Although each house was unoccupied, they were fitted with equipment that would completely simulate the heat loads and behavior of human occupants including operating the appliances and fixtures on a demand schedule identical to Building American protocol (Hendron, 2009). The heat recovery system combined (1) a gravity-film heat exchanger (GFX) installed in a vertical section of drainline, (2) a heat exchanger for capturing dryer exhaust heat, (3) a preheat tank for storing the captured heat, and (4) a small recirculation pump and controls, so that the system could be operated anytime that waste heat from the shower, dishwasher, clothes washer and dryer, and in any combination was produced. The study found capturing energy from the dishwasher and clothes washer to be a challenge since those two appliances dump waste water over a short time interval. Controls based on the status of the dump valve on these two appliances would have eliminated uncertainty in knowing when waste water was flowing and the recovery system operated. The study also suggested that capture of dryer exhaust heat to heat incoming air to the dryer should be examined as an alternative to using drying exhaust energy for water heating. The study found that over a 6-week test period, the system in each house was able to recover on average approximately 3000 W-h of waste heat daily from these appliance and showers with slightly less on simulated weekdays and slightly more on simulated weekends which were heavy wash/dry days. Most of these energy savings were due to the shower/GFX operation, and the least savings were for the dishwasher/GFX operation. Overall, the value of the 3000 W-h of displaced energy would have been $0.27/day based on an electricity price of $.09/kWh. Although small for today s convention house, these savings are significant for a home designed to approach maximum affordable efficiency where daily operating costs for the whole house are less than a dollar per day. In 2010 the actual measured cost of energy in one of the simulated occupancy houses which waste heat recovery testing was undertaken was $0.77/day.« less

Automobile windshield washer fluid: A potential source of transmission for Legionella.

PubMed

Schwake, David Otto; Alum, Absar; Abbaszadegan, Morteza

2015-09-01

Epidemiological evidence suggesting driving cars to be a risk factor for legionellosis has prompted public health studies to investigate vehicle windshield washer fluid as a novel transmission source of this disease. The goal of the current study was to investigate whether or not windshield washer fluid could serve as a potential source of transmission for Legionella. A wide variation in the survival of L. pneumophila was observed when incubated in different washer fluids at 25 and 37 °C, however, one brand tested supported Legionella survival similar to or greater than sterilized deionized water. In addition, 1 L of tap water contained in a washer fluid reservoir was able to support population growth and survival of Legionella for several months. In a field study examining the windshield washer fluid of 12 elementary school buses, Legionella were detected from 84% of samples at a high concentration of 8.1×10(4) CFU/mL. Culturable cells were also detected in aerosolized washer fluid during washer fluid spray. By demonstrating survival in certain windshield washer fluids, growth within washer fluid reservoirs, and the presence of viable cells in bus washer fluid spray, we have provided evidence suggesting the potential for a novel route of Legionella exposure. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Positive contact, self retaining bearing seals

DOEpatents

Johnson, Bruce H.; Larsen, Lawrence E.; Welch, Edmund F.

1992-05-05

An ultra-low friction bearing including an inner race, an outer race, bearing elements engaged between the inner and outer races and a seal between the inner and outer races is disclosed. The seal includes first and second sealing washers. The first washer has an outer diameter greater than an inner diameter of the outer race and an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the inner race. The second washer has an inner diameter less than the outer diameter of the inner race and an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of the outer race. The first washer slidably engages the outer race, the second washer slidably engages the inner race and the washers overlap and slidably engage one another. One of the washers snap fits into its respective inner or outer race while the other washer engages a stepped surface of the other of the inner and outer races. The grooved and stepped surface are offset from one another in a longitudinal direction of the races such that the washers are conically loaded thus providing a seal between the inner and outer races sufficient to prevent lubricant and contaminating particles from passing therethrough. The washers are made from a non-metallic semi-flexible low-modulus material.

Unitized Nut-and-Washer Assembly

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rossi, P. J.

1986-01-01

Combination nut, washer, and lockwasher secures parts quickly without damaging metal finishes. Nut and lockwasher are captured by bent tabs of flat washer in this concept for unified fastener. Optional perforated tab on flat washer allows easy tagging and storage. Fastener intended for attaching leads and buses to studs on electronic equipment.

21 CFR 880.6991 - Medical washer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Medical washer. 880.6991 Section 880.6991 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES....6991 Medical washer. (a) Identification. A medical washer is a device that is intended for general...

21 CFR 880.6991 - Medical washer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Medical washer. 880.6991 Section 880.6991 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES....6991 Medical washer. (a) Identification. A medical washer is a device that is intended for general...

21 CFR 880.6991 - Medical washer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Medical washer. 880.6991 Section 880.6991 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES....6991 Medical washer. (a) Identification. A medical washer is a device that is intended for general...

21 CFR 880.6991 - Medical washer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Medical washer. 880.6991 Section 880.6991 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES....6991 Medical washer. (a) Identification. A medical washer is a device that is intended for general...

21 CFR 880.6991 - Medical washer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Medical washer. 880.6991 Section 880.6991 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES....6991 Medical washer. (a) Identification. A medical washer is a device that is intended for general...

21 CFR 880.6800 - Washers for body waste receptacles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Washers for body waste receptacles. 880.6800 Section 880.6800 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES... Miscellaneous Devices § 880.6800 Washers for body waste receptacles. (a) Identification. A washer for body waste...

21 CFR 880.6800 - Washers for body waste receptacles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Washers for body waste receptacles. 880.6800 Section 880.6800 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES... Miscellaneous Devices § 880.6800 Washers for body waste receptacles. (a) Identification. A washer for body waste...

21 CFR 880.6800 - Washers for body waste receptacles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Washers for body waste receptacles. 880.6800 Section 880.6800 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES... Miscellaneous Devices § 880.6800 Washers for body waste receptacles. (a) Identification. A washer for body waste...

21 CFR 880.6800 - Washers for body waste receptacles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Washers for body waste receptacles. 880.6800 Section 880.6800 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES... Miscellaneous Devices § 880.6800 Washers for body waste receptacles. (a) Identification. A washer for body waste...

21 CFR 880.6800 - Washers for body waste receptacles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Washers for body waste receptacles. 880.6800... Miscellaneous Devices § 880.6800 Washers for body waste receptacles. (a) Identification. A washer for body waste receptacles is a device intended for medical purposes that is used to clean and sanitize a body waste...

76 FR 72722 - Helical Spring Lock Washers From China and Taiwan

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-25

... Spring Lock Washers From China and Taiwan Determination On the basis of the record \\1\\ developed in the... antidumping duty orders on helical spring lock washers from China and Taiwan would be likely to lead to... with respect to helical spring lock washers from Taiwan. Background The Commission instituted these...

Self-locking washer and method of use

DOEpatents

Vodila, James M.; Huyett, John D.

1991-01-01

A self-locking washer made of a flat elongated piece of material having a slot in one end of it. The washer is designed so that it can be placed underneath bolts or nuts which are already installed without completely removing the bolt or nut. A method of use of the self-locking washer is also disclosed.

Modeling of bleach plant washer mineral scale

Treesearch

Alan Rudie; Peter Hart

2004-01-01

One of the more common areas of mineral scale formation in bleach plants is on washer face wires and the extraction rings of diffusion washers. Whereas most scale problems can be understood as a mixing of two streams that increase the concentrations of anions and cations and exceed a solubility product, washer problems are often more difficult to understand. The...

Mounting improves heat-sink contact with beryllia washer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1966-01-01

To conduct heat away from electrical components that must be electrically insulated from a metal heat sink, a metal washer and a coil spring are placed between one end of the electrical component and the beryllia washer mounted on the heat sink. The thermal paths are formed by the component lead and base, the metal and beryllia washers, and the compressed spring.

76 FR 61343 - Certain Helical Spring Lock Washers From Taiwan and the People's Republic of China: Final Results...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-04

... bearing surface. The scope does not include internal or external tooth washers, nor does it include spring... are lock washers of carbon steel, of carbon alloy steel, or of stainless steel, heat-treated or non-heat-treated, plated or non-plated, with ends that are off-line. Lock washers are designed to: (1...

75 FR 29720 - Certain Helical Spring Lock Washers From the People's Republic of China: Final Results of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-27

...) provide a hardened bearing surface. The scope does not include internal or external tooth washers, nor... helical spring lock washers of carbon steel, of carbon alloy steel, or of stainless steel, heat- treated or non-heat-treated, plated or non-plated, with ends that are off-line. Helical spring lock washers...

35. VIEW OF DUAL VENTURI GAS WASHER IN THE GAS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

35. VIEW OF DUAL VENTURI GAS WASHER IN THE GAS WASHER PUMP HOUSE LOOKING NORTHEAST. - U.S. Steel Duquesne Works, Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Plant, Along Monongahela River, Duquesne, Allegheny County, PA

Cadmium Coating Alternatives for High- Strength Steel JTP - Phase 2

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-09-03

Substrate 4130 Washer 17 - 4PH Washer CuBe Washer AlNiBr Washer Salt Spray Cyclic Salt Spray Cyclic Salt Spray Cyclic Salt Spray Cyclic No coating...2009, Westminster, CO. Sponsored by SERDP/ESTCP. 14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17 . LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT Same...Passed Appearance Testing U.S. AIR FORCE Primary Coating Bend Adhesion Test Results Coating Bend Adhesion Results 4130 steel substrate 17 -4 PH stainless

Essays in Energy Economics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spurlock, Cecily Anna

In this dissertation I explore two aspects of the economics of energy. The first focuses on consumer behavior, while the second focuses on market structure and firm behavior. In the first chapter, I demonstrate evidence of loss aversion in the behavior of households on two critical peak pricing experimental tariffs while participating in the California Statewide Pricing Pilot. I develop a model of loss aversion over electricity expenditure from which I derive two sets of testable predictions. First, I show that when there is a higher probability that a household is in the loss domain of their value function for the bill period, the more strongly they cut back peak consumption. Second, when prices are such that households are close to the kink in their value function - and would otherwise have expenditure skewed into the loss domain---I show evidence of disproportionate clustering at the kink. In essence this means that the occurrence of critical peak days did not only result in a reduction of peak consumption on that day, but also spilled over to further reduction of peak consumption on regular peak days for several weeks thereafter. This was similarly true when temperatures were high during high priced periods. This form of demand adjustment resulted in households experiencing bill-period expenditures equal to what they would have paid on the standard non-dynamic pricing tariff at a disproportionate rate. This higher number of bill periods with equal expenditure displaced bill periods in which they otherwise would have paid more than if they were on standard pricing. In the second chapter, I explore the effects of two simultaneous changes in minimum energy efficiency and Energy Star standards for clothes washers. Adapting the Mussa and Rosen (1978) and Ronnen (1991) second-degree price discrimination model, I demonstrate that clothes washer prices and menus adjusted to the new standards in patterns consistent with a market in which firms had been price discriminating. In particular, I show evidence of discontinuous price drops at the time the standards were imposed, driven largely by mid low efficiency segments of the market. The price discrimination model predicts this result. On the other hand, under perfect competition, prices should increase for these market segments. Additionally, new models proliferated in the highest efficiency market segment following the standard changes. Finally, I show that firms appeared to use different adaptation strategies at the two instances of the standards changing.

76 FR 57075 - Helical Spring Lock Washers From China and Taiwan

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-15

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation Nos. 731-TA-624-625; Third Review] Helical Spring... duty orders on helical spring lock washers from China and Taiwan. AGENCY: United States International...) to determine whether revocation of the antidumping duty orders on helical spring lock washers from...

77 FR 9700 - Large Residential Washers From Korea and Mexico

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-17

...)] Large Residential Washers From Korea and Mexico Determinations On the basis of the record \\1\\ developed... reasonable indication that an industry is materially injured by reason of imports from Mexico of large... imports of large residential washers from Mexico. Accordingly, effective December 30, 2011, the Commission...

77 FR 51569 - Large Residential Washers From Korea and Mexico

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-24

...)] Large Residential Washers From Korea and Mexico Scheduling of the final phase of countervailing duty and... and Mexico of large residential washers, provided for in subheading 8450.20.00 of the Harmonized... and Mexico are being sold in the United States at less than fair value within the meaning of section...

76 FR 66613 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France (Eurocopter) Model EC225LP Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-27

... were missing. Further investigation has shown that some of the cup washers that need to be used in... cup washers that need to be used in installing the countersunk head screws, which attach the pilot's... is missing, the ASB specifies removing the affected seat, checking for cup washers, and performing...

75 FR 9159 - Certain Helical Spring Lock Washers from the People's Republic of China: Extension of Time Limit...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-01

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-570-822] Certain Helical Spring Lock... of the administrative review of the antidumping duty order on certain helical spring lock washers... September 30, 2008. See Certain Helical Spring Lock Washers from the People's Republic of China: Preliminary...

75 FR 17884 - Airworthiness Directives; Bombardier, Inc. Model CL-600-2B19 (Regional Jet Series 100 & 440...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-08

... product. The MCAI describes the unsafe condition as: Following five reported cases of balance washer screw...-conformity that increased their susceptibility to brittle fracture. Failure of a balance washer screw can result in loss of the related balance washer, with consequent turbine imbalance. Such imbalance could...

75 FR 30740 - Airworthiness Directives; Bombardier, Inc. Model CL-600-2B16 (CL-604 Variants (Including CL-605...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-02

... product. The MCAI describes the unsafe condition as: Following five reported cases of balance washer screw...-conformity that increased their susceptibility to brittle fracture. Failure of a balance washer screw can result in loss of the related balance washer, with consequent turbine imbalance. Such imbalance could...

Quantifying the influence of environmental and water conservation attitudes on household end use water consumption.

PubMed

Willis, Rachelle M; Stewart, Rodney A; Panuwatwanich, Kriengsak; Williams, Philip R; Hollingsworth, Anna L

2011-08-01

Within the research field of urban water demand management, understanding the link between environmental and water conservation attitudes and observed end use water consumption has been limited. Through a mixed method research design incorporating field-based smart metering technology and questionnaire surveys, this paper reveals the relationship between environmental and water conservation attitudes and a domestic water end use break down for 132 detached households located in Gold Coast city, Australia. Using confirmatory factor analysis, attitudinal factors were developed and refined; households were then categorised based on these factors through cluster analysis technique. Results indicated that residents with very positive environmental and water conservation attitudes consumed significantly less water in total and across the behaviourally influenced end uses of shower, clothes washer, irrigation and tap, than those with moderately positive attitudinal concern. The paper concluded with implications for urban water demand management planning, policy and practice. Crown Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

76 FR 75873 - Certain Helical Spring Lock Washers From Taiwan and the People's Republic of China: Continuation...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-05

... or bolts; and (3) provide a hardened bearing surface. The scope does not include internal or external tooth washers, nor does it include spring lock washers made of other metals, such as copper. Lock..., or of stainless steel, heat-treated or non-heat-treated, plated or non-plated, with ends that are off...

Rock bolt overload warning device

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Unrug, K.F.

1983-10-18

A washer is described which is used in the construction of the support for the roof of a mine. The washer is fabricated such that finger like projections rupture in stages as the tension on bolts and pressure in the strata of the roof of the mine increases beyond structurely safe limits. The rupturing of the washer emits audible warning signals and also provides a visual indication of an unsafe condition.

Adjustable-Torque Truss-Joint Mechanism

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bush, Harold G.; Wallsom, Richard E.

1993-01-01

Threaded pin tightened or loosened; tedious trial-and-error procedure shortened. Mechanism joining strut and node in truss structure preloaded to desired stress to ensure tight, compressive fit preventing motion of strut during loading or vibration. Preload stress on stack of Belleville spring washers adjusted by tightening or loosening threaded Belleville-washer-alignment pin. Pin turned, by use of allen wrench, to adjust compression preload on Belleville washers and adjusts joint-operating torque.

Magnetic charges suppress effects of anisotropy in polycrystalline soft ferromagnetic materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arrott, Anthony S.; Williams, Conrad M.; Negusse, Ezana

2018-05-01

Micromagnetic simulations of polycrystalline iron washers show that grain boundary charges, ρ = -div M, suppress bad effects of magnetocrystalline anisotropy. A single domain wall divides the washer into two domains with opposite magnetization; M is almost = ± Ms ϕ, where ϕ circulates about the hole in the washer. There is a ripple structure. M tilts back and forth toward the inner and outer surfaces. Magnetic charge densities, σm = n.M, on the surfaces keep M at the surfaces very close to lying in the surfaces. The exchange ɛx and magnetostatic ɛd energy densities try to keep M parallel to the surfaces throughout the washer, except at the domain wall. An anisotropy energy in each grain is reduced linearly in the angle of rotation away from the circulating pattern towards the nearest anisotropy axis. Both ɛx and ɛd near grain boundaries increase as the square of these angles. Anisotropy wins for small rotations. However, the coefficients of the positive quadratic terms are so much larger than the coefficients of the negative linear terms that the rotations are quite small. If the height of the washer is sufficiently greater than 300 nm, M in the washer no longer acts as it would in a thin film. If 300 nm washers are stacked with a spacing of 4 nm, the ripple structure is not lost. The stacked washers can then be used as the core of a transformer. The most remarkable effect is that starting with M = Ms ϕ everywhere, the reversal of M by the field from a current along the z-axis produces a single domain wall. It is stable even in zero field because the wall has Néel caps that act as springs against the surfaces. The suppression of crystalline anisotropy in polycrystalline iron also occurs for geometries other than the toroid; some might be better for creating transformers.

40 CFR 60.287a - Recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... furnace, digester system, brown stock washer system, multiple-effect evaporator system, or condensate... digester system, brown stock washer system, multiple effect evaporator system, or condensate stripper...

An investigation of the decontamination of Siqveland matrix bands.

PubMed

Whitworth, C L; Davies, K; Palmer, N O A; Martin, M V

2007-02-24

This study investigated blood contamination of artificially and clinically contaminated Siqveland matrix bands and retainers. A modified version of the recognised Kastle-Meyer test for blood was used to compare the efficacy of enzymatic agents, a washer-disinfector and an instrument washer for pre-sterilisation cleaning of Siqveland matrix bands and retainers. Assembled Siqveland matrix bands were contaminated either artificially with horse blood or clinically during dental treatment. Contaminated assembled matrix bands and retainers were subjected to immersion in an enzymatic agent, automated processing in a washer-disinfector or instrument washer, or a combination of pre-soaking and automatic cleaning. Residual blood contamination from each band and retainer was measured and compared to the volume of blood recovered from an unprocessed control group of contaminated assembled matrix bands or retainers. Residual blood was recovered from every clinically contaminated assembled Siqveland matrix band and retainer. The volume of blood recovered from assembled Siqveland matrix bands ranged from 0.13-7.1 microl and from retainers, following removal of the matrix band, from 0.001-1.523 microl. The most effective method of pre-sterilisation cleaning for artificially contaminated assembled matrix bands was processing in the washer-disinfector. Conversely, the most effective method for cleaning clinically contaminated assembled matrix bands and retainers was pre-soaking in an enzymatic agent followed by a heavy-duty cycle in an instrument washer. It is not possible to clean assembled Siqveland matrix bands using any method currently available to dental practitioners. Matrix bands should be discarded after use on one patient. Once the band is removed, all detectable blood can be removed from the retainer by pre-soaking in an enzymatic detergent followed by processing in an instrument washer.

Evaluation of a teflon based ultraviolet light system on the disinfection of water in a textile air washer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smith, J.E.; Whisnant, R.B.

The report provides an in-depth evaluation of an ultraviolet (UV) disinfection unit as applied to the treatment of cooling water in a textile air washer system. The UV unit tests used a teflon tube to transport the aquatic phase. The unit reduced microbial populations and maintained an average level of 10,000 Colony formed unites/mL for the 6-month testing period, without the addition of biocides. No cleaning or other maintenance was required of the wetted surfaces during the testing period. Slime deposits observed on walls of the air washer during chemical treatment were also eliminated. The UV unit can be utilizedmore » on both cooling towers and air washers without extensive installation.« less

24 CFR 3280.809 - Grounding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... and approved as pressure-terminal connectors recognized for the wire size used. Star washers or other... as screws and star washers or equivalent). [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679...

24 CFR 3280.809 - Grounding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... and approved as pressure-terminal connectors recognized for the wire size used. Star washers or other... as screws and star washers or equivalent). [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679...

24 CFR 3280.809 - Grounding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... and approved as pressure-terminal connectors recognized for the wire size used. Star washers or other... as screws and star washers or equivalent). [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679...

24 CFR 3280.809 - Grounding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... and approved as pressure-terminal connectors recognized for the wire size used. Star washers or other... as screws and star washers or equivalent). [40 FR 58752, Dec. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 44 FR 20679...

Compact thermoelectric converter systems technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

A schematic of the developed tubular thermoelectric module is shown. It consists of alternate washers of n- and p-type lead telluride, separated by thin natural mica washers. Electrical continuity within the circuit is accomplished by cylindrical conductor rings located at the I.D. and O.D. of the lead telluride washers. The conductor rings are also separated by the same mica which separate the lead telluride washers. The result is a radially serpentine current path along the length of the module. The circuit is isolated from the structural claddings by thin sleeves of boron nitride. Circuit containment and heat transfer surfaces are provided by the inner and outer cladding, heat being transferred from a heat source at the inner clad, conducted radially outward through the lead telluride to the outer clad where the waste heat is removed by a heat rejection system.

Design, fabrication and acceptance testing of a zero gravity whole body shower, volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

The effort to design whole body shower for the space station prototype is reported. Clothes and dish washer/dryer concepts were formulated with consideration given to integrating such a system with the overall shower design. Water recycling methods to effect vehicle weight savings were investigated and it was concluded that reusing wash and/or rinse water resulted in weight savings which were not sufficient to outweigh the added degree of hardware complexity. The formulation of preliminary and final designs for the shower are described. A detailed comparison of the air drag vs. vacuum pickup method was prepared that indicated the air drag concept results in more severe space station weight penalties; therefore, the preliminary system design was based on utilizing the vacuum pickup method. Tests were performed to determine the optimum methods of storing, heating and sterilizing the cleansing agent utilized in the shower; it was concluded that individual packages of pre-sterilized cleansing agent should be used. Integration features with the space station prototype system were defined and incorporated into the shower design as necessary.

Life cycle based analysis of demands and emissions for residential water-using appliances.

PubMed

Lee, Mengshan; Tansel, Berrin

2012-06-30

Environmental impacts of energy and water demand and greenhouse gas emissions from three residential water-using appliances were analyzed using life cycle assessment (LCA) based approach in collaboration of economic input-output model. This study especially focused on indirect consumption and environmental impacts from end-use/demand phase of each appliance. Water-related activities such as water supply, water heating and wastewater treatment were included in the analysis. The results showed that environmental impacts from end-use/demand phase are most significant for the water system, particularly for the energy demand for water heating (73% for clothes washer and 93% for showerheads). Reducing water/hot water consumption during the end-use/demand phase is expected to improve the overall water-related energy burden and water use sustainability. In the analysis of optimal lifespan for appliances, the estimated values (8-21 years) using energy consumption balance approach were found to be lower than that using other methods (10-25 years). This implies that earlier replacement with efficiency models is encouraged to minimize the environmental impacts of the product. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

EH 11n modes E type in the disk and washer accelerating structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andreev, V. G.; Belugin, V. M.; Daikovsky, A. G.; Esin, S. K.; Kravchuk, L. V.; Paramonov, V. V.; Ryabov, A. D.

1983-01-01

The disk and washer accelerating structure has a great deal to do with high-beta structures progress. The frequencies and electromagnetic fields for modes, which have a different number of azimuthal variations, are calculated to determined the dispersion properties and other characteristics of parasitic modes in a disc and washer accelerating structure. The main attention was given to the accelerating structure of the linear accelerator of the Institute for Nuclear Research (INR) of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Modification of a structure for PIGMI accelerator (LANL, USA) is considered briefly.

End Restraints for Impact-Energy-Absorbing Tube Specimens

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Farley, G. L.; Modlin, J. T.

1985-01-01

Inexpensive device developed that eliminates tipping problem without affecting crushing process. Device consists of soft sponge-rubber insert approximately 0.5 inches (1.3 centimeters) thick, cut to same diameter as internal diameter of tube specimen. Metal washer, slightly smaller than internal diameter of tube, placed on top of rubber insert. Screw passed through washer and rubber insert and threaded into base of test machine. As screw tightened against washer, rubber insert compressed and expands radially. Radial expansion applies pressure against internal wall of tube specimen, which provides sufficient support to tube to prevent tipping.

23. VIEW OF 'PROCECO' WHEEL WASHER (uses spaulk and hot ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

23. VIEW OF 'PROCECO' WHEEL WASHER (uses spaulk and hot alkaline solution), Don N. Calabese, operator. - Juniata Shops, Erecting Shop & Machine Shop, East of Fourth Avenue, between Fourth & Fifth Streets, Altoona, Blair County, PA

78 FR 65173 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-31

... washers, which could lead to a local stress concentration resulting in possible reduction of the fatigue... installation. This condition, if not detected and corrected, could lead to a local stress concentration which... incorrectly manufactured special washers, which could lead to a local stress concentration resulting in...

21 CFR 884.1185 - Endometrial washer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Endometrial washer. 884.1185 Section 884.1185 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL...: Only to evaluate the endometrium, (ii) Contraindications: Pregnancy, history of uterine perforation, or...

21 CFR 884.1185 - Endometrial washer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Endometrial washer. 884.1185 Section 884.1185 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL...: Only to evaluate the endometrium, (ii) Contraindications: Pregnancy, history of uterine perforation, or...

21 CFR 884.1185 - Endometrial washer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Endometrial washer. 884.1185 Section 884.1185 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL...: Only to evaluate the endometrium, (ii) Contraindications: Pregnancy, history of uterine perforation, or...

DEMONSTRATION BULLETIN: SOIL WASHING SYSTEM - BIOTROL, INC.

EPA Science Inventory

The three component technologies of the BioTrol Soil Washing System (BSWS). Tested in the SITE demonstration were a Soil Washer (SW), and Aqueous Treatment System (ATS), and a Slurry Bio-Reactor (SBR). The Soil Washer operates on the principle that a significant fraction of the...

Early tension loss in an anterior cruciate ligament graft. A cadaver study of four tibial fixation devices.

PubMed

Grover, Dustin M; Howell, Stephen M; Hull, Maury L

2005-02-01

The tensile force applied to an anterior cruciate ligament graft determines the maximal anterior translation; however, it is unknown whether the tensile force is transferred to the intra-articular portion of the graft and whether the intra-articular tension and maximal anterior translation are maintained shortly after ligament reconstruction. Ten cadaveric knees were reconstructed with a double-looped tendon graft. The graft was looped through a femoral fixation transducer that measured the resultant force on the proximal end of the graft. A pneumatic cylinder applied a tensile force of 110 N to the graft exiting the tibial tunnel with the knee in full extension. The graft was fixed sequentially with four tibial fixation devices (a spiked metal washer, double staples, a bioabsorbable interference screw, and a WasherLoc). Three cyclic loading treatments designed to conservatively load the graft and its fixation were applied. The combined loss in intra-articular graft tension from friction, insertion of the tibial fixation device, and three cyclic loading treatments was 50% for the spiked washer (p = 0.0004), 100% for the double staples (p < 0.0001), 64% for the interference screw (p = 0.0001), and 56% for the WasherLoc (p < 0.0001). The tension loss caused an increase in the maximal anterior translation from that of the intact knee of 2.0 mm for the spiked washer (p = 0.005), 7.8 mm for the double staples (p < 0.0001), 2.7 mm for the interference screw (p = 0.001), and 2.1 mm for the WasherLoc (p < 0.0001). The tensile force applied to a soft-tissue anterior cruciate ligament graft is not transferred intra-articularly and is not maintained during graft fixation. The loss in tension is caused by friction in the tibial tunnel and wrapping the graft around the shank of the screw of the spiked washer, insertion of the tibial fixation device, and cyclical loading of the knee. The amount of tension loss is sufficient to increase the maximal anterior translation.

40 CFR 63.447 - Clean condensate alternative.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... equipment includes smelt dissolving tanks, lime mud washers and storage tanks, white and mud liquor... tanks, and dreg washers ending with the white liquor storage tanks prior to the digester system, and any... preparation systems, the paper or paperboard machines, and the paper machine white water system, broke...

40 CFR 63.447 - Clean condensate alternative.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... equipment includes smelt dissolving tanks, lime mud washers and storage tanks, white and mud liquor... tanks, and dreg washers ending with the white liquor storage tanks prior to the digester system, and any... preparation systems, the paper or paperboard machines, and the paper machine white water system, broke...

40 CFR 63.447 - Clean condensate alternative.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... equipment includes smelt dissolving tanks, lime mud washers and storage tanks, white and mud liquor... tanks, and dreg washers ending with the white liquor storage tanks prior to the digester system, and any... preparation systems, the paper or paperboard machines, and the paper machine white water system, broke...

77. Detail view looking east showing Dovel horizontal gas washer ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

77. Detail view looking east showing Dovel horizontal gas washer in foreground, Rust Co. boilers and blowing engine house at left, and Babcock & Wilcox type boilers at right. - Sloss-Sheffield Steel & Iron, First Avenue North Viaduct at Thirty-second Street, Birmingham, Jefferson County, AL

Trestle #1, detail of bolt and washer on wing wall ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Trestle #1, detail of bolt and washer on wing wall on north west side of northeast abutment. View to northeast - Promontory Route Railroad Trestles, S.P. Trestle 779.91, One mile southwest of junction of State Highway 83 and Blue Creek, Corinne, Box Elder County, UT

Development of ion source with a washer gun for pulsed neutral beam injection.

PubMed

Asai, T; Yamaguchi, N; Kajiya, H; Takahashi, T; Imanaka, H; Takase, Y; Ono, Y; Sato, K N

2008-06-01

A new type of economical neutral beam source has been developed by using a single washer gun, pulsed operation, and a simple electrode system. We replaced the conventional hot filaments for arc-discharge-type plasma formation with a single stainless-steel washer gun, eliminating the entire dc power supply for the filaments and the cooling system for the electrodes. Our initial experiments revealed successful beam extraction up to 10 kV and 8.6 A, based on spatial profile measurements of density and temperature in the plasma source. The system also shows the potential to control the beam profile by controlling the plasma parameters in the ion accumulation chamber.

Dielectric supported radio-frequency cavities

DOEpatents

Yu, David U. L.; Lee, Terry G.

2000-01-01

A device which improves the electrical and thermomechanical performance of an RF cavity, for example, in a disk-loaded accelerating structure. A washer made of polycrystalline diamond is brazed in the middle to a copper disk washer and at the outer edge to the plane wave transformer tank wall, thus dissipating heat from the copper disk to the outer tank wall while at the same time providing strong mechanical support to the metal disk. The washer structure eliminates the longitudinal connecting rods and cooling channels used in the currently available cavities, and as a result minimizes problems such as shunt impedance degradation and field distortion in the plane wave transformer, and mechanical deflection and uneven cooling of the disk assembly.

75 FR 10318 - Briggs & Stratton Power Products Group, LLC., Home Power Division, a Subsidiary of Briggs...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-05

... portable generators, home stand-by generators and pressure washers. New findings show that worker... portable generators, home stand-by generators and pressure washers. The amended notice applicable to TA-W... 1974, as amended. Signed in Washington, DC, this 22nd day of February 2010. Elliott S. Kushner...

78 FR 765 - Large Residential Washers From Korea and Mexico; Revised Schedule for the Subject Investigations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-04

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation Nos. 701-TA-488 and 731-TA-1199-1200 (Final)] Large Residential Washers From Korea and Mexico; Revised Schedule for the Subject Investigations AGENCY: United... information on this matter by contacting the Commission's TDD terminal on 202-205-1810. Persons with mobility...

75 FR 16753 - Certain Helical Spring Lock Washers From the People's Republic of China: Rescission of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-02

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-570-822] Certain Helical Spring Lock... opportunity to request an administrative review of the antidumping duty order on certain helical spring lock... Works Inc., the petitioner, to conduct an administrative review of Hangzhou Spring Washer Co., Ltd...

Elastic and Inelastic Collisions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gluck, Paul

2010-01-01

There have been two articles in this journal that described a pair of collision carts used to demonstrate vividly the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions. One cart had a series of washers that were mounted rigidly on a rigid wooden framework, the other had washers mounted on rubber bands stretched across a framework. The rigidly…

The self adapting washer for lag screw fixation of mandibular fractures: finite element analysis and preclinical evaluation.

PubMed

Terheyden, H; Mühlendyck, C; Feldmann, H; Ludwig, K; Härle, F

1999-02-01

Besides rigid fixation, lag screws have distinct advantages compared with plates in appropriate indications in mandibular fractures. However, in current lag screw systems, the relatively small area of the screw head has to transfer the tensile force which can exceed 1000 N in the symphysis, to the thin cortical bone plate. Countersinking, which is obligatory in most systems, will weaken the cortical plate. Finite element analysis (FEA) revealed that load in this situation can exceed the normal tensile strength of metal and bone. Consequently, a new washer was constructed which both increased the supporting surface and did not require countersinking. The washer is self adapting (SAW) to the cortical plate in a defined position, forming a ball and socket joint with the screw head. Using the FEA model, a ten-fold reduction in load on bone and metal was observed with the new washer. In a miniature pig mandibular symphysis fracture model, the clinical applicability and a favourable histological reaction were demonstrated, compared with conventional lag screw designs.

[Relevant Factors on Cognitive Evaluation of the Portuguese Population].

PubMed

Oliveira, Catarina Resende; Mota-Pinto, Anabela; Rodrigues, Vítor; Alves, Catarina

2017-04-28

Aging is an inevitable process that has a social impact in the forecoming decades, and it will present a great challenge regarding public health. An efficient health system requires a reflection on the preventive measures to be implemented. The study population comprised a total number of 2672 individuals of both genders, aged 55 years and over, residents in continental Portugal, to whom a questionnaire was applied that included the following sections: Social network; Locomotion; Physical autonomy; Instrumental autonomy; Cognitive assessment; Physical activity. The study of aging in the Portuguese population found that physical autonomy for tasks related to daily life are associated with better cognitive evaluation. A statistically significant association was found between performance in cognitive assessment and gender, age, schooling, the fact of living alone, the number of hours being alone, autonomy to walk in the street, washing, dressing, eating, preparing meals, doing shopping, managing money and taking medications and washer / treat clothing. Cognitive evaluation is negatively influenced by the number of hours that an individual is alone. Activities of daily life must be valued, since they require the ability to plan and carry out tasks and their preservation is a key component in successful aging.

77 FR 46401 - Large Residential Washers From Mexico: Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-03

... events have occurred.\\1\\ \\1\\ See Large Residential Washers From the Republic of Korea and Mexico... if, in the event of an affirmative preliminary determination, a request for such postponement is made... the event of a negative preliminary determination, a request for such postponement is made by the...

Universal Assembly for Captive Bolts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marke, M. L.; Hagopian, B.

1982-01-01

New method allows for virtually any bolt to be easily converted to "captive" bolt. Method eliminates need for separate design for each application. Cup-shaped washer that is flattened secures tap to bolt. Wire attached to tab holds bolt assembly captive. Flattening washer can also be done during installation of bolt. Wash, tab and spacer are all made of corrosion-resistant steel.

76 FR 27952 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Model EC 120B Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-13

... perform a functional test of the cyclic control. (b) To request a different method of compliance or a... control friction device by replacing a certain thrust washer with two thrust washers. This proposed AD is prompted by an incident in which the pilot encountered a sudden restriction of the cyclic control movement...

78 FR 11154 - Large Residential Washers From the Republic of Korea: Countervailing Duty Order

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-15

... externally mounted steel frame at least six inches high that is designed to house a coin/token operated... ``stacked washer-dryers'' denotes distinct washing and drying machines that are built on a unitary frame and... of steel and is assembled with security fasteners;\\8\\ or \\7\\ ``Payment system electronics'' denotes a...

76 FR 54093 - Airworthiness Directives; Bombardier, Inc. Model DHC-8-400 Series Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-31

... is found to be incorrect (i.e., the ring can be rotated during any torque check required by this AD), before further flight, replace all hardware at that location (except the saddle washer and retainer) in... that location (except the saddle washer and retainer) in accordance with paragraph 3.B., part B, of the...

Neuropsychological Functioning in Obsessive-Compulsive Washers: Drug-Naive Without Depressive Symptoms.

PubMed

Saremi, Ali Akbar; Shariat, Seyed Vahid; Nazari, Mohammad Ali; Dolatshahi, Behrooz

2017-01-01

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a complex and heterogeneous neuropsychiatric syndrome. Contamination obsessions and washing/cleaning compulsions are the most frequent clinical OCD subtypes. The current study aimed at examining the neuropsychological impairments in drug-naive obsessive-compulsive (OC) washers without depressive symptoms and their association with the severity of symptoms. In the current causal-comparative study, 35 patients with diagnostic and statistical mental disorders class (DSM)-IV diagnosed with washing-subtype OCD and 35 healthy subjects were selected by the convenience sampling method and evaluated by computerized neuropsychology battery and clinical tests as Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Go/No-Go Test, Digits Forward (DF), Digits Backward (DB), Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)-28. The patients were matched to the comparison group with regard to age, gender, intelligence quotient (IQ), education, and handedness. All the tests were standardized in Iran. SPSS version 20.00 was used for descriptive and analytical data analysis. There was no statistically significant different between the OCD washing and the control groups regarding socio-demographic variables or IQ. There were significant differences between the OC washer and the healthy control groups on the neuropsychological functioning. The obtained results suggested that OC washers performed significantly worse on neuropsychological measures than the controls. There was no significant association between the severity of OC symptoms and the neuropsychological functions in the OCD washing group. It was concluded that executive function impairment, which is a core feature in OC washers was trait-like in nature.

Bolt-Tension Sensor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goldie, James H.; Bushko, Dariusz A.; Gerver, Michael J.

1995-01-01

In technique for measuring tensile force of bolt, specially fabricated magnetostrictive washer used as force transducer. Compact, portable inductive electronic sensor placed against washer to measure tension force. New system provides accurate, economical, and convenient way to measure bolt tension in field. Measurements on test assembly shows that tension can be measured to accuracy of about plus or minus 1 percent of load capacity of typical bolt.

49 CFR 571.209 - Standard No. 209; Seat belt assemblies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... anchorage nuts, plates, or washers, need not have such hardware, but shall have 7/16-20 UNF-2A or 1/2-13UNC... plates or washers furnished for universal floor, installations shall be of steel, free from burrs and... 2580 mm2 in projected area. The distance between any edge of the plate and the edge of the bolt hole...

77 FR 75988 - Notice of Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value: Large Residential Washers From...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-26

... externally mounted steel frame at least six inches high that is designed to house a coin/token operated... washer-dryers'' denotes distinct washing and drying machines that are built on a unitary frame and share... of steel and is assembled with security fasteners;\\7\\ or \\6\\ ``Payment system electronics'' denotes a...

77 FR 76288 - Notice of Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value: Large Residential Washers from...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-27

... externally mounted steel frame at least six inches high that is designed to house a coin/token operated... ``stacked washer-dryers'' denotes distinct washing and drying machines that are built on a unitary frame and... of steel and is assembled with security fasteners;\\7\\ or \\6\\ ``Payment system electronics'' denotes a...

Evaluation of cleaning and disinfection performance of automatic washer disinfectors machines in programs presenting different cycle times and temperatures.

PubMed

Bergo, Maria do Carmo Noronha Cominato

2006-01-01

Thermal washer-disinfectors represent a technology that brought about great advantages such as, establishment of protocols, standard operating procedures, reduction in occupational risk of a biological and environmental nature. The efficacy of the cleaning and disinfection obtained by automatic washer disinfectors machines in running programs with different times and temperatures determined by the different official agencies was validated according to recommendations from ISO Standards 15883-1/1999 and HTM2030 (NHS Estates, 1997) for the determining of the Minimum Lethality and DAL both theoretically and through the use with thermocouples. In order to determine the cleaning efficacy, the Soil Test, Biotrace Pro-tect and the Protein Test Kit were used. The procedure to verify the CFU count of viable microorganisms was performed before and after the thermal disinfection. This article shows that the results are in compliance with the ISO and HTM Standards. The validation steps confirmed the high efficacy level of the Medical Washer-Disinfectors. This protocol enabled the evaluation of the procedure based on evidence supported by scientific research, aiming at the support of the Supply Center multi-professional personnel with information and the possibility of developing further research.

Auditory and Subjective Effects of Airborne Noise from Industrial Ultrasonic Sources

PubMed Central

Acton, W. I.; Carson, M. B.

1967-01-01

This investigation was undertaken primarily to examine the possibility of hearing damage from industrial ultrasonic equipment. In the factory concerned, ultrasonic washers and drills were used at a number of different locations, and girls working 12 ft (3·6 m.) away from one bank of three small washers complained of unpleasant subjective effects which included fatigue, persistent headaches, nausea, and tinnitus. As personnel working in the vicinity of similar washers in other parts of the factory did not complain of these effects, it seemed possible that the noise had been transmitted along a column of air in a bank of dryboxes. Enclosure of these washers by a sliding screen of Perspex had completely abated the trouble. Sound pressure level measurements taken in the positions occupied by the operators indicated that, when the effects occur, they are probably caused by high sound levels at the upper audio-frequencies present with the ultrasonic noise, and this was supported by a limited laboratory investigation. Audiometric investigation showed that hearing damage due to noise from these industrial ultrasonic devices is unlikely. However, extrapolations of currently accepted hearing damage risk criteria may be valid in predicting the occurrence of these subjective effects. Images PMID:6073088

Essays on environmental and energy economics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brucal, Arlan Zandro

This dissertation applies techniques from the expanding field of econometrics to the study of contemporary issues in environmental and resource economics. Three essays are offered that aim to generate meaningful policy implications through econometric analyses of the voluminous data recently becoming available to researchers. The first essay examines how overall price, quality and welfare changed as energy efficiency standards in the US became progressively more stringent between 2001-2011. A novel index-the Constant Quality Price Index (CQPI)-is developed to delineate changes in overall price and quality. Results obtained using point-of-sale data from individual clothes washers sold in the US during the period suggest that standards on washing machines have had at worst a negligible effect on consumer welfare, or at best lowered prices and improved quality for washers. The second essay analyzes the relationship between foreign acquisition and aspects of plant-level environmental performance using micro data from the Indonesian Census of Manufacturing. To establish a causal effect of ownership change, a difference-in-differences approach is combined with coarsened exact matching. A total of 264 acquisition cases between 1983-2001 are considered, where an acquired plant is observed at least a year before and three years after undergoing a change in ownership, and for which a carefully selected control plant exists. Results suggest that FDIs can have positive scale and technique effects on the environmental performance of acquired plants. These effects are especially pronounced for small firms and firms that were relatively inefficient prior to acquisition. The third essay analyzes the impact of oil price shocks on the US economy at the individual state level. The study accounts for the endogeneity of changes in crude oil price, differences among states, and spillover effects with neighboring states. Results suggest that the implications of higher oil prices for a state's economic growth depend on the underlying cause of the oil price change and a state's average production of oil relative to its average consumption. The direct effect of oil price shocks can be either magnified or tempered by spillover effects, which may also explain why regional recessions may occur with certain oil price shocks.

Neuropsychological Functioning in Obsessive-Compulsive Washers: Drug-Naive Without Depressive Symptoms

PubMed Central

Saremi, Ali Akbar; Shariat, Seyed Vahid; Nazari, Mohammad Ali; Dolatshahi, Behrooz

2017-01-01

Introduction: Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a complex and heterogeneous neuropsychiatric syndrome. Contamination obsessions and washing/cleaning compulsions are the most frequent clinical OCD subtypes. The current study aimed at examining the neuropsychological impairments in drug-naive obsessive-compulsive (OC) washers without depressive symptoms and their association with the severity of symptoms. Methods: In the current causal-comparative study, 35 patients with diagnostic and statistical mental disorders class (DSM)-IV diagnosed with washing-subtype OCD and 35 healthy subjects were selected by the convenience sampling method and evaluated by computerized neuropsychology battery and clinical tests as Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Go/No-Go Test, Digits Forward (DF), Digits Backward (DB), Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)-28. The patients were matched to the comparison group with regard to age, gender, intelligence quotient (IQ), education, and handedness. All the tests were standardized in Iran. SPSS version 20.00 was used for descriptive and analytical data analysis. Results: There was no statistically significant different between the OCD washing and the control groups regarding socio-demographic variables or IQ. There were significant differences between the OC washer and the healthy control groups on the neuropsychological functioning. The obtained results suggested that OC washers performed significantly worse on neuropsychological measures than the controls. There was no significant association between the severity of OC symptoms and the neuropsychological functions in the OCD washing group. Conclusion: It was concluded that executive function impairment, which is a core feature in OC washers was trait-like in nature. PMID:28781731

Making `Internal Thermal Energy' Visible

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zou, Xueli

2004-09-01

In a 1992 paper published in this journal, Uri Ganiel described a pair of model carts used to demonstrate elastic and inelastic collisions. The wooden carts had low-friction wheels and a steel-strip bumper on one end. On one of the carts, a number of brass washers were rigidly mounted in vertical stacks to a wooden framework. The other cart was similar except that the washers were tied to rubber bands that were stretched horizontally and diagonally across the framework. When the first cart was rolled into a wall it bounced off with only a small reduction in speed ("elastic" collision). The second cart, on the other hand, was found to come nearly to a complete stop upon colliding with the wall ("inelastic" collision). Following the instructions given in Ganiel's paper, I built a pair of carts and demonstrated them to introductory-level physics students at a large public university. It was interesting to find that many students were distracted by the different-looking structures of the two model carts.2 They thought the different distributions of washers between the carts resulted in the rubber-band cart bouncing back a significantly shorter distance than the rigid-rod one after they both collided with a wall at the same initial speed. Apparently, the students had difficulties in understanding the collisions and used surface features to reason about them. To avoid this superficial distraction and to help students visualize easily "where the kinetic energy goes in an inelastic collision," I modified the rigid-rod cart to have washers fixed on hollow aluminum rods mounted at four different levels horizontally and diagonally (see Fig. 1). The new pair of the model carts look very similar to each other: They have the same bumpers, same wheels, same distributions of washers, and same masses.

Reduction of Salmonella on alfalfa seeds using peroxyacetic acid and a commercial seed washer is as effective as treatment with 20 000 ppm of Ca(OCl)2.

PubMed

Buchholz, A; Matthews, K R

2010-10-01

The efficacy of a commercial seed washer and 1 and 3% peroxyacetic acid or 20 000 ppm calcium hypochlorite for reducing Salmonella on alfalfa seeds was investigated. Alfalfa seeds were inoculated with Salmonella Stanley to achieve c. 5 log CFU g(-1). Seeds were then treated with 1 or 3% peroxyacetic acid or 20 000 ppm calcium hypochlorite for 15 min in a commercial seed washer that uses air to enhance contact of the sanitizer with the seed. Experiments were also conducted using industry and laboratory methods. An c. 1-log reduction in number of Salm. Stanley was demonstrated regardless of the chemical treatment or method of treatment. Although this 1-log reduction was significant (P < 0.05), differences among the treatments were not significant. Treating the seed with 1 and 3% peroxyacetic acid resulted in similar Salm. Stanley reductions of 1.77 and 1.34 log, respectively, not being statistically significant (P > 0.05). These results suggest that under conditions tested, 1 or 3% peroxyacetic acid solutions are equally effective as 20 000 ppm of Ca(OCl)2 in the reduction of Salm. Stanley on alfalfa seed when used in conjunction with a commercial seed washer. A 1% peroxyacetic acid solution could potentially be used in place of 20 000 ppm of Ca(OCl)2 for treatment of seeds used for sprouting. The commercial seed washer did not enhance removal of Salm. Stanley from alfalfa seeds, but did facilitate removal of excess soil from seeds. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

University of Maryland Wall Washer Retrofit - LED Modules Replace Halogen Lamps in a Performing Arts Center

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wilkerson, Andrea M.; Abell, Thomas C.; Perrin, Tess E.

The University of Maryland (UMD) began retrofitting halogen wall washers in the Clarice Smith Performing Arts Center (CSPAC) in April 2014. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Solid-State Lighting (SSL) GATEWAY program documented this process through the final installation in March 2015, summarized in this report. The wall washers illuminate hallways lining the atrium, providing task illuminance for transitioning between spaces and visual interest to the atrium boundaries. The main goals of the retrofit were to maintain the visual appearance of the space while reducing maintenance costs – energy savings was considered an additional benefit by UMD Facilities Management. UMDmore » Facilities Management is pleased with the results of this retrofit, and continues to initiate LED retrofit projects across the UMD campus.« less

Impedance-Based Pre-Stress Monitoring of Rock Bolts Using a Piezoceramic-Based Smart Washer-A Feasibility Study.

PubMed

Wang, Bo; Huo, Linsheng; Chen, Dongdong; Li, Weijie; Song, Gangbing

2017-01-27

Pre-stress degradation or looseness of rock bolts in mining or tunnel engineering threatens the stability and reliability of the structures. In this paper, an innovative piezoelectric device named a "smart washer" with the impedance method is proposed with the aim of developing a real-time device to monitor the pre-stress level of rock bolts. The proposed method was verified through tests on a rock bolt specimen. By applying high-frequency sweep excitations (typically >30 kHz) to the smart washer that was installed on the rock bolt specimen, we observed that the variation in impedance signatures indicated the rock bolt pre-stress status. With the degradation of rock bolt pre-stress, the frequency in the dominating peak of the real part of the electrical impedance signature increased. To quantify the effectiveness of the proposed technique, a normalized root mean square deviation (RMSD) index was developed to evaluate the degradation level of the rock bolt pre-stress. The experimental results demonstrated that the normalized RMSD-based looseness index, which was computed from the impedance value detected by the "smart washer", increased with loss of the pre-stress of the rock bolt. Therefore, the proposed method can effectively detect the degradation of rock bolt pre-stress, as demonstrated by experiments.

Dendritic Zinc Growth in Acid Electrolyte: Effect of the pH

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bengoa, Leandro N.; Pary, Paola; Seré, Pablo R.; Conconi, M. Susana; Egli, Walter A.

2018-03-01

In this paper, dendritic growth at the edges of electrogalvanized steel strip has been studied using a specially designed rotating washer electrode which simulates the fluid dynamic conditions and the current density distribution at the steel strip edge found in a production line. The effect of electrolyte pH and current density on dendritic growth in an acidic zinc plating bath (ZnSO4 and H2SO4) was addressed. The temperature was kept constant at 60 °C. Solution pH was adjusted to 1, 2 or 3 using different amounts of H2SO4. In addition, the influence of temperature on the pH of the solution was determined. The current density was set at 40 or 60 A/dm2, similar to that used in the industry. Deposits were characterized using SEM and XRD. The results showed that pH strongly affects dendrites shape, length and texture. Furthermore, the morphology of dendrites at the washer edge and of deposits on the flat portion of the washer changed considerably as solution pH was increased from 1 to 3. It was found that the morphology of dendrites at the washer edge stems from the morphology of the deposit on its flat portion, which in turn determines their shape.

Household water use and conservation models using Monte Carlo techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cahill, R.; Lund, J. R.; DeOreo, B.; Medellín-Azuara, J.

2013-10-01

The increased availability of end use measurement studies allows for mechanistic and detailed approaches to estimating household water demand and conservation potential. This study simulates water use in a single-family residential neighborhood using end-water-use parameter probability distributions generated from Monte Carlo sampling. This model represents existing water use conditions in 2010 and is calibrated to 2006-2011 metered data. A two-stage mixed integer optimization model is then developed to estimate the least-cost combination of long- and short-term conservation actions for each household. This least-cost conservation model provides an estimate of the upper bound of reasonable conservation potential for varying pricing and rebate conditions. The models were adapted from previous work in Jordan and are applied to a neighborhood in San Ramon, California in the eastern San Francisco Bay Area. The existing conditions model produces seasonal use results very close to the metered data. The least-cost conservation model suggests clothes washer rebates are among most cost-effective rebate programs for indoor uses. Retrofit of faucets and toilets is also cost-effective and holds the highest potential for water savings from indoor uses. This mechanistic modeling approach can improve understanding of water demand and estimate cost-effectiveness of water conservation programs.

Household water use and conservation models using Monte Carlo techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cahill, R.; Lund, J. R.; DeOreo, B.; Medellín-Azuara, J.

2013-04-01

The increased availability of water end use measurement studies allows for more mechanistic and detailed approaches to estimating household water demand and conservation potential. This study uses, probability distributions for parameters affecting water use estimated from end use studies and randomly sampled in Monte Carlo iterations to simulate water use in a single-family residential neighborhood. This model represents existing conditions and is calibrated to metered data. A two-stage mixed integer optimization model is then developed to estimate the least-cost combination of long- and short-term conservation actions for each household. This least-cost conservation model provides an estimate of the upper bound of reasonable conservation potential for varying pricing and rebate conditions. The models were adapted from previous work in Jordan and are applied to a neighborhood in San Ramon, California in eastern San Francisco Bay Area. The existing conditions model produces seasonal use results very close to the metered data. The least-cost conservation model suggests clothes washer rebates are among most cost-effective rebate programs for indoor uses. Retrofit of faucets and toilets is also cost effective and holds the highest potential for water savings from indoor uses. This mechanistic modeling approach can improve understanding of water demand and estimate cost-effectiveness of water conservation programs.

Aviation Requirements for Use of Recycled MIL-PRF-680

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-24

components – Approximately 1,000 gallons of virgin MIL-PRF-680 Type II used and disposed every 6 months at Fort Rucker Calculated using the full...capacity of the parts washers – Recycling will reduce the need to purchase virgin solvent and reduce disposal costs – Expressed interest received...with virgin solvent Clarus PCS-25 Parts Washer Clarus Tornado Filtration System INSERT EVENT TITLE – INSERT MONTH & YEAR Aviation Requirements for Use

Demonstration of Advanced Technologies for Multi-Load Washers in Hospitality and Healthcare -- Wastewater Recycling Technology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Boyd, Brian K.; Parker, Graham B.; Petersen, Joseph M.

The objective of this demonstration project was to evaluate market-ready retrofit technologies for reducing the energy and water use of multi-load washers in healthcare and hospitality facilities. Specifically, this project evaluated laundry wastewater recycling technology in the hospitality sector and ozone laundry technology in both the healthcare and hospitality sectors. This report documents the demonstration of a wastewater recycling system installed in the Grand Hyatt Seattle.

A novel solution for LED wall lamp design and simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ge, Rui; Hong, Weibin; Li, Kuangqi; Liang, Pengxiang; Zhao, Fuli

2014-11-01

The model of the wall washer lamp and the practical illumination application have been established with a new design of the lens to meet the uniform illumination demand for wall washer lamp based on the Lambertian light sources. Our secondary optical design of freeform surface lens to LED wall washer lamp based on the conservation law of energy and Snell's law can improve the lighting effects as a uniform illumination. With the relationship between the surface of the lens and the surface of the target, a great number of discrete points of the freeform profile curve were obtained through the iterative method. After importing the data into our modeling program, the optical entity was obtained. Finally, to verify the feasibility of the algorithm, the model was simulated by specialized software, with both the LED Lambertian point source and LED panel source model.

Natural frequency identification of smart washer by using adaptive observer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ito, Hitoshi; Okugawa, Masayuki

2014-04-01

Bolted joints are used in many machines/structures and some of them have been loosened during long time use, and unluckily these bolt loosening may cause a great accident of machines/structures system. These bolted joint, especially in important places, are main object of maintenance inspection. Maintenance inspection with human- involvement is desired to be improved owing to time-consuming, labor-intensive and high-cost. By remote and full automation monitoring of the bolt loosening, constantly monitoring of bolted joint is achieved. In order to detect loosening of bolted joints without human-involvement, applying a structural health monitoring technique and smart structures/materials concept is the key objective. In this study, a new method of bolt loosening detection by adopting a smart washer has been proposed, and the basic detection principle was discussed with numerical analysis about frequency equation of the system, was confirmed experimentally. The smart washer used in this study is in cantilever type with piezoelectric material, which adds the washer the self-sensing and actuation function. The principle used to detect the loosening of the bolts is a method of a bolt loosening detection noted that the natural frequency of a smart washer system is decreasing by the change of the bolt tightening axial tension. The feature of this proposed method is achieving to identify the natural frequency at current condition on demand by adopting the self-sensing and actuation function and system identification algorithm for varying the natural frequency depending the bolt tightening axial tension. A novel bolt loosening detection method by adopting adaptive observer is proposed in this paper. The numerical simulations are performed to verify the possibility of the adaptive observer-based loosening detection. Improvement of the detection accuracy for a bolt loosening is confirmed by adopting initial parameter and variable adaptive gain by numerical simulation.

Key Residential Building Equipment Technologies for Control and Grid Support PART I (Residential)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Starke, Michael R; Onar, Omer C; DeVault, Robert C

2011-09-01

Electrical energy consumption of the residential sector is a crucial area of research that has in the past primarily focused on increasing the efficiency of household devices such as water heaters, dishwashers, air conditioners, and clothes washer and dryer units. However, the focus of this research is shifting as objectives such as developing the smart grid and ensuring that the power system remains reliable come to the fore, along with the increasing need to reduce energy use and costs. Load research has started to focus on mechanisms to support the power system through demand reduction and/or reliability services. The powermore » system relies on matching generation and load, and day-ahead and real-time energy markets capture most of this need. However, a separate set of grid services exist to address the discrepancies in load and generation arising from contingencies and operational mismatches, and to ensure that the transmission system is available for delivery of power from generation to load. Currently, these grid services are mostly provided by generation resources. The addition of renewable resources with their inherent variability can complicate the issue of power system reliability and lead to the increased need for grid services. Using load as a resource, through demand response programs, can fill the additional need for flexible resources and even reduce costly energy peaks. Loads have been shown to have response that is equal to or better than generation in some cases. Furthermore, price-incentivized demand response programs have been shown to reduce the peak energy requirements, thereby affecting the wholesale market efficiency and overall energy prices. The residential sector is not only the largest consumer of electrical energy in the United States, but also has the highest potential to provide demand reduction and power system support, as technological advancements in load control, sensor technologies, and communication are made. The prevailing loads based on the largest electrical energy consumers in the residential sector are space heating and cooling, washer and dryer, water heating, lighting, computers and electronics, dishwasher and range, and refrigeration. As the largest loads, these loads provide the highest potential for delivering demand response and reliability services. Many residential loads have inherent flexibility that is related to the purpose of the load. Depending on the load type, electric power consumption levels can either be ramped, changed in a step-change fashion, or completely removed. Loads with only on-off capability (such as clothes washers and dryers) provide less flexibility than resources that can be ramped or step-changed. Add-on devices may be able to provide extra demand response capabilities. Still, operating residential loads effectively requires awareness of the delicate balance of occupants health and comfort and electrical energy consumption. This report is Phase I of a series of reports aimed at identifying gaps in automated home energy management systems for incorporation of building appliances, vehicles, and renewable adoption into a smart grid, specifically with the intent of examining demand response and load factor control for power system support. The objective is to capture existing gaps in load control, energy management systems, and sensor technology with consideration of PHEV and renewable technologies to establish areas of research for the Department of Energy. In this report, (1) data is collected and examined from state of the art homes to characterize the primary residential loads as well as PHEVs and photovoltaic for potential adoption into energy management control strategies; and (2) demand response rules and requirements across the various demand response programs are examined for potential participation of residential loads. This report will be followed by a Phase II report aimed at identifying the current state of technology of energy management systems, sensors, and communication technologies for demand response and load factor control applications for the residential sector. The purpose is to cover the gaps that exist in the information captured by the sensors for energy management system to be able to provide demand response and load factor control. The vision is the development of an energy management system or other controlling enterprise hardware and software that is not only able to control loads, PHEVs, and renewable generation for demand response and load factor control, but also to do so with consumer comforts in mind and in an optimal fashion.« less

Thermoacoustic Engines in Alternate Geometry Resonators

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-09-12

paper pieces fabricated by Micatron Incorporated. A schematic of a single stack element is shown in Fig. 3.2. The inner diameter of the pieces was...26.28 cm Figure 3.2: A single element of the radial wave "washer" style stack. The element is composed of silicon bonded mica paper with a thickness...washer shaped pieces of silicon bonded mica paper , described previously. An image of a single stack element is shown in Fig. 3.9. 39 Figure 3.7: The

Mechanisms of change in ERP treatment of compulsive hand washing: does primary threat make a difference?

PubMed

Cougle, Jesse R; Wolitzky-Taylor, Kate B; Lee, Han-Joo; Telch, Michael J

2007-07-01

The present study sought to examine patterns of habituation in exposure and response prevention (ERP) treatment of compulsive hand washing. Sub-clinical compulsive washers (n=27) with illness or non-illness primary threats were compared in order to detect potential differences in response to a single session of ERP. Changes in anxiety, disgust, and urge to wash were analyzed, and significant reductions in both anxiety and disgust were noted. Urge to wash significantly declined among washers primarily concerned with illness; among those concerned with non-illness threats, urge to wash did not significantly decline. Moreover, anxiety was found to decline when controlling for disgust and vice versa. Lastly, when both anxiety and disgust were entered into a model predicting changes in urge to wash, anxiety but not disgust predicted urge to wash for those with illness-related threats; for washers with non-illness threats, the findings were the reverse. Several clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.

Demonstration of Advanced Technologies for Multi-Load Washers in Hospitality and Healthcare -- Ozone Based Laundry Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Boyd, Brian K.; Parker, Graham B.; Petersen, Joseph M.

The objective of this demonstration project was to evaluate market-ready retrofit technologies for reducing the energy and water use of multi-load washers in healthcare and hospitality facilities. Specifically, this project evaluated laundry wastewater recycling technology in the hospitality sector and ozone laundry technology in both the healthcare and hospitality sectors. This report documents the demonstration of ozone laundry system installations at the Charleston Place Hotel in Charleston, South Carolina, and the Rogerson House assisted living facility in Boston, Massachusetts.

Preliminary Guidelines for Safe and Effective Use of Hot, High-Pressure Washers for Maintenance Cleaning of Army Vehicles.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-11-01

26AS TACT (Ctbm onrols st N 19m4i60M, = de IdIM b o1ck numbef) - >While hot, high-pressure washers clean effectively, they can also damage parts on Army...conserve water resources, and reduce the costs of wastewater treatment. The objec- At most Army installations, maintenance cleaning tive of the phase of...Itios Catalog Code 214. Posary not only to control the parameters involved for a more accurate assessment of the potential for damage. 2R. I de ~cia

A study of the contact interaction between a plate with a hole and a washer in the presence of clearances and interferences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grishin, V. I.

The contact interaction between a plate with a hole and a washer fitted into the hole with a clearance or an interference is investigated analytically using a finite element method implemented in a computer code. Data on changes in stress concentration with the distance from the filled hole to the plate edge are obtained for several materials, including D16-T, AK4-1, V95-T, OT4-1, 30KhGSA, and 30KhGSNA alloys.

A clamping force measurement system for monitoring the condition of bolted joints on railway track joints and points

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tesfa, B.; Horler, G.; Thobiani, F. Al; Gu, F.; Ball, A. D.

2012-05-01

Many industrial structures associated with railway infrastructures rely on a large number of bolted joint connections to ensure safe and reliable operation of the track and trackside furniture. Significant sums of money are spent annually to repair the damage caused by bolt failures and to maintain the integrity of bolted structures. In the UK, Network Rail (the organization responsible for rail network maintenance and safety) conducts corrective and preventive maintenance manually on 26,000 sets of points (each having approximately 30 bolted joints per set), in order to ensure operational success and safety for the travelling public. Such manual maintenance is costly, disruptive, unreliable and prone to human error. The aim of this work is to provide a means of automatically measuring the clamping force of each individual bolted joint, by means of an instrumented washer. This paper describes the development of a sensor means to be used in the washer, which satisfies the following criteria. Sense changes in the clamping force of the joint and report this fact. Provide compatibility with the large dynamic range of clamping force. Satisfy the limitations in terms of physical size. Provide the means to electronically interface with the washer. Provide a means of powering the washer in situ. Provide a solution at an acceptable cost. Specifically the paper focuses on requirements 1, 2 and 3 and presents the results that support further development of the proposed design and the realization of a pre-prototype system. In the paper, various options for the force sensing element (strain gage, capacitor, piezo-resistive) have been compared, using design optimization techniques. As a result of the evaluation, piezo-resistive sensors in concert with a proprietary force attenuation method, have been found to offer the best performance and cost trade-off The performance of the novel clamping force sensor has been evaluated experimentally and the results show that a smart washer can be developed to monitor the condition of bolted joints as found on railway track and points.

Monitoring of Pre-Load on Rock Bolt Using Piezoceramic-Transducer Enabled Time Reversal Method.

PubMed

Huo, Linsheng; Wang, Bo; Chen, Dongdong; Song, Gangbing

2017-10-27

Rock bolts ensure structural stability for tunnels and many other underground structures. The pre-load on a rock bolt plays an important role in the structural reinforcement and it is vital to monitor the pre-load status of rock bolts. In this paper, a rock bolt pre-load monitoring method based on the piezoceramic enabled time reversal method is proposed. A lead zirconate titanate (PZT) patch transducer, which works as an actuator to generate stress waves, is bonded onto the anchor plate of the rock bolt. A smart washer, which is fabricated by sandwiching a PZT patch between two metal rings, is installed between the hex nut and the anchor plate along the rock bolt. The smart washer functions as a sensor to detect the stress wave. With the increase of the pre-load values on the rock bolt, the effective contact surface area between the smart washer and the anchor plate, benefiting the stress wave propagation crossing the contact surface. With the help of time reversal technique, experimental results reveal that the magnitude of focused signal clearly increases with the increase of the pre-load on a rock bolt before the saturation which happens beyond a relatively high value of the pre-load. The proposed method provides an innovative and real time means to monitor the pre-load level of a rock bolt. By employing this method, the pre-load degradation process on a rock bolt can be clearly monitored. Please note that, currently, the proposed method applies to only new rock bolts, on which it is possible to install the PZT smart washer.

Contact interaction of thin-walled elements with an elastic layer and an infinite circular cylinder under torsion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kanetsyan, E. G.; Mkrtchyan, M. S.; Mkhitaryan, S. M.

2018-04-01

We consider a class of contact torsion problems on interaction of thin-walled elements shaped as an elastic thin washer – a flat circular plate of small height – with an elastic layer, in particular, with a half-space, and on interaction of thin cylindrical shells with a solid elastic cylinder, infinite in both directions. The governing equations of the physical models of elastic thin washers and thin circular cylindrical shells under torsion are derived from the exact equations of mathematical theory of elasticity using the Hankel and Fourier transforms. Within the framework of the accepted physical models, the solution of the contact problem between an elastic washer and an elastic layer is reduced to solving the Fredholm integral equation of the first kind with a kernel representable as a sum of the Weber–Sonin integral and some integral regular kernel, while solving the contact problem between a cylindrical shell and solid cylinder is reduced to a singular integral equation (SIE). An effective method for solving the governing integral equations of these problems are specified.

Bacteria-free water for automatic washer-disinfectors: an impossible dream?

PubMed

Cooke, R P; Whymant-Morris, A; Umasankar, R S; Goddard, S V

1998-05-01

The ability of a new automatic washer-disinfector system (AWDS), fitted with a water filtration system to provide bacteria-free water and so avoid the risk of mycobacterial contamination of fibreoptic bronchoscopes, was examined. Four new Astec 'MP' Safescope washer-disinfectors, with coarse and fine (0.2 micron) filters attached close to the outlet taps, were supplied with non-softened mains water. Water samples from the tank supply and outlet taps were regularly assessed for bacterial quality over a six-month period. Outlet samples were also analysed after fine filter change and purgation with peracetic acid. All bronchoalveolar lavage specimens (BALS) were stained and cultured for mycobacteria. Only 13 out of 53 outlet samples (24%) were culture-negative. There was no improvement after filter change. Residual anti-bacterial effect of peracetic acid lasted up to 48 h following AWDS purgation. No tank samples were bacteria-free. Sixty BALS were processed, two samples were culture-positive and grew M. tuberculosis and one was also smear-positive. Though mycobacterial contamination of bronchoscopes was not evident, the water filtration system was unable to reliably provide sterile rinse water.

Status of China's Energy Efficiency Standards and Labels for Appliances and International Collaboration

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhou, Nan

2008-03-01

China first adopted minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) in 1989. Today, there are standards for a wide range of domestic, commercial and selected industrial equipment. In 1999, China launched a voluntary endorsement label, which has grown to cover over 40 products including water-saving products (See Figure 1). Further, in 2005, China started a mandatory energy information label (also referred to as the 'Energy Label'). Today, the Energy Label is applied to four products including: air conditioners; household refrigerators; clothes washers; and unitary air conditioners (See Figure 2). MEPS and the voluntary endorsement labeling specifications have been updated and revised inmore » order to reflect technology improvements to those products in the market. These programs have had an important impact in reducing energy consumption of appliances in China. Indeed, China has built up a strong infrastructure to develop and implement product standards. Historically, however, the government's primary focus has been on the technical requirements for efficiency performance. Less attention has been paid to monitoring and enforcement with a minimal commitment of resources and little expansion of administrative capacity in this area. Thus, market compliance with both mandatory standards and labeling programs has been questionable and actual energy savings may have been undermined as a result. The establishment of a regularized monitoring system for tracking compliance with the mandatory standard and energy information label in China is a major area for program improvement. Over the years, the Collaborative Labeling and Appliance Standards Program (CLASP) has partnered with several Chinese institutions to promote energy-efficient products in China. CLASP, together with its implementing partner Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), has assisted China in developing and updating the above-mentioned standards and labeling programs. Because of the increasing need for the development of a monitoring system to track compliance with standards and labeling, CLASP, with support from Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), has expanded its ongoing collaboration with the China National Institute of Standards (CNIS) to include enforcement and monitoring. CNIS has already begun working on the issue of compliance. CNIS has conducted modest sample testing in 2006 for refrigerators, freezers and room air-conditioners, and repeated the same task in 2007 with a similar sample size for three products (refrigerators, freezers, air-conditioners and clothes washers). And, CNIS, with technical support from LBNL, has analyzed the data collected through testing. At the same time, parallel effort has also been paid to look at the potential impact of the label to 2020. In conjunction with CNIS, CLASP technical experts reviewed the standards development timeline of the four products currently subject to the mandatory energy information label. CLASP, with the support of METI/IEEJ, collaborated with CNIS to develop the efficiency grades, providing: technical input to the process; comment and advice on particular technical issues; as well as evaluation of the results. In addition, in order to effectively evaluate the impact of the label on China's market, CLASP further provided assistance to CNIS to collect data on both the efficiency distribution and product volume distribution of refrigerators on the market. This short report summarizes the status of Standards and Labeling program, current enforcement and monitoring mechanism in China, and states the importance of international collaborations.« less

Assembly for electrical conductivity measurements in the piston cylinder device

DOEpatents

Watson, Heather Christine [Dublin, CA; Roberts, Jeffrey James [Livermore, CA

2012-06-05

An assembly apparatus for measurement of electrical conductivity or other properties of a sample in a piston cylinder device wherein pressure and heat are applied to the sample by the piston cylinder device. The assembly apparatus includes a body, a first electrode in the body, the first electrode operatively connected to the sample, a first electrical conductor connected to the first electrode, a washer constructed of a hard conducting material, the washer surrounding the first electrical conductor in the body, a second electrode in the body, the second electrode operatively connected to the sample, and a second electrical conductor connected to the second electrode.

Development of a low-energy and high-current pulsed neutral beam injector with a washer-gun plasma source for high-beta plasma experiments.

PubMed

Ii, Toru; Gi, Keii; Umezawa, Toshiyuki; Asai, Tomohiko; Inomoto, Michiaki; Ono, Yasushi

2012-08-01

We have developed a novel and economical neutral-beam injection system by employing a washer-gun plasma source. It provides a low-cost and maintenance-free ion beam, thus eliminating the need for the filaments and water-cooling systems employed conventionally. In our primary experiments, the washer gun produced a source plasma with an electron temperature of approximately 5 eV and an electron density of 5 × 10(17) m(-3), i.e., conditions suitable for ion-beam extraction. The dependence of the extracted beam current on the acceleration voltage is consistent with space-charge current limitation, because the observed current density is almost proportional to the 3/2 power of the acceleration voltage below approximately 8 kV. By optimizing plasma formation, we successfully achieved beam extraction of up to 40 A at 15 kV and a pulse length in excess of 0.25 ms. Its low-voltage and high-current pulsed-beam properties enable us to apply this high-power neutral beam injection into a high-beta compact torus plasma characterized by a low magnetic field.

[Significance of working environment improvement based on determination of source of harmful substance--example of an endoscope syringe room using glutaraldehyde].

PubMed

Tashiro, Hiraku; Oda, Susumu; Mori, Koji

2004-03-01

Because a worker complained of irritated eyes and throat due to glutaraldehyde (GA) in an endoscope syringe room, the automated endoscope washers and GA liquid stored in reserve were isolated in a separate room. A ventilation system was installed in this room, and the packing of the automated endoscope washers was changed. However, since the obnoxious smell of GA still remained in the endoscope syringe room, we had to determine the source of the smell. A plastic bucket with a cap was found to be filled with GA for disinfection of the endoscope apparatus. GA had evaporated when dispersed around the bucket, resulting in the obnoxious smell. The plastic bucket was replaced with a different type of container. Moreover, GA from the separate room did not affect the concentration of GA in the working area because the separate room for the automated endoscope washers had twice the ventilation volume proposed by the guidelines of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates of the USA and the Healthcare Engineering Association of Japan. Consequently, we reconfirmed the significance of working environment improvement after clarifying the source of the harmful substance.

Electricity savings potentials in the residential sector of Bahrain

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Akbari, H.; Morsy, M.G.; Al-Baharna, N.S.

1996-08-01

Electricity is the major fuel (over 99%) used in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors in Bahrain. In 1992, the total annual electricity consumption in Bahrain was 3.45 terawatt-hours (TWh), of which 1.95 TWh (56%) was used in the residential sector, 0.89 TWh (26%) in the commercial sector, and 0.59 TWh (17%) in the industrial sector. Agricultural energy consumption was 0.02 TWh (less than 1%) of the total energy use. In Bahrain, most residences are air conditioned with window units. The air-conditioning electricity use is at least 50% of total annual residential use. The contribution of residential AC to themore » peak power consumption is even more significant, approaching 80% of residential peak power demand. Air-conditioning electricity use in the commercial sector is also significant, about 45% of the annual use and over 60% of peak power demand. This paper presents a cost/benefit analysis of energy-efficient technologies in the residential sector. Technologies studied include: energy-efficient air conditioners, insulating houses, improved infiltration, increasing thermostat settings, efficient refrigerators and freezers, efficient water heaters, efficient clothes washers, and compact fluorescent lights. We conservatively estimate a 32% savings in residential electricity use at an average cost of about 4 fils per kWh. (The subsidized cost of residential electricity is about 12 fils per kWh. 1000 fils = 1 Bahrain Dinar = US$ 2.67). We also discuss major policy options needed for implementation of energy-efficiency technologies.« less

Managing the urban water-energy nexus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Escriva-Bou, Alvar; Pulido-Velazquez, Manuel; Lund, Jay R.

2016-04-01

Water use directly causes a significant amount of energy use in cities. In this paper we assess energy and greenhouse emissions related with each part of the urban water cycle and the consequences of several changes in residential water use for customers, water and energy utilities, and the environment. First, we develop an hourly model of urban water uses by customer category including water-related energy consumption. Next, using real data from East Bay Municipal Utility District in California, we calibrate a model of the energy used in water supply, treatment, pumping and wastewater treatment by the utility. Then, using data from the California Independent System Operator, we obtain hourly costs of energy for the energy utility. Finally, and using emission factors reported by the energy utilities we estimate greenhouse gas emissions for the entire urban water cycle. Results of the business-as-usual scenario show that water end uses account for almost 95% of all water-related energy use, but the 5% managed by the utility is still worth over 12 million annually. Several simulations analyze the potential benefits for water demand management actions showing that moving some water end-uses from peak to off-peak hours such as outdoor use, dishwasher or clothes washer use have large benefits for water and energy utilities, especially for locations with a high proportion of electric water heaters. Other interesting result is that under the current energy rate structures with low or no fixed charges, energy utilities burden most of the cost of the conservation actions.

Three-phase hypervelocity projectile launcher

DOEpatents

Fugelso, L. Erik; Langner, Gerald C.; Burns, Kerry L.; Albright, James N.

1994-01-01

A hypervelocity projectile launcher for use in perforating borehole casings provides improved penetration into the surrounding rock structure. The launcher includes a first cylinder of explosive material that defines an axial air-filled cavity, a second cylinder of explosive material defining an axial frustum-shaped cavity abutting and axially aligned with the first cylinder. A pliant washer is located between and axially aligned with the first and second cylinders. The frustum shaped cavity is lined with a metal liner effective to form a projectile when the first and second cylinders are detonated. The washer forms a unique intermediate projectile in advance of the liner projectile and enables the liner projectile to further penetrate into and fracture the adjacent rock structure.

Construction of a Simple, Inexpensive Multiple Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Microdilution Plate Washer

PubMed Central

Stobbs, L. W.

1990-01-01

In this paper, plans are given for the construction of an inexpensive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plate washer from readily available materials. The wash unit uses an intermittent wash cycle based on a wash manifold cycling over the microdilution plates for a predetermined time. Laboratory tests showed that the unit provided reliable, rapid washing of plates with tap water, with no detectable contamination between wells. Substrate absorbance values for test samples from machine-washed plates were equal to or greater than absorbance values for corresponding samples from plates washed manually by an accepted protocol, by using either enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay wash buffer or tap water. Images PMID:16348216

Cement technique for reducing post-operative bursitis after trochanteric fixation.

PubMed

Derman, Peter B; Horneff, John G; Kamath, Atul F; Garino, Jonathan

2013-02-01

Post-operative trochanteric bursitis is a known complication secondary to the surgical approach in total hip arthroplasty. This phenomenon may be partially attributable to repetitive microtrauma generated when soft tissues rub against implanted hardware. Significant rates of post-operative trochanteric bursitis have been observed following procedures in which a trochanteric fixation device, such as a bolt-washer mechanism or a cable-grip/claw system, is used to secure the trochanteric fragment after trochanteric osteotomy. We present a simple technique for use with a bolt-washer system or grip plate in which trochanteric components are covered in bone wax followed by a layer of cement to decrease friction and to diminish the risk of post-operative bursitis.

Protective interior wall and attach8ing means for a fusion reactor vacuum vessel

DOEpatents

Phelps, Richard D.; Upham, Gerald A.; Anderson, Paul M.

1988-01-01

An array of connected plates mounted on the inside wall of the vacuum vessel of a magnetic confinement reactor in order to provide a protective surface for energy deposition inside the vessel. All fasteners are concealed and protected beneath the plates, while the plates themselves share common mounting points. The entire array is installed with torqued nuts on threaded studs; provision also exists for thermal expansion by mounting each plate with two of its four mounts captured in an oversize grooved spool. A spool-washer mounting hardware allows one edge of a protective plate to be torqued while the other side remains loose, by simply inverting the spool-washer hardware.

Inspection of feasible calibration conditions for UV radiometer detectors with the KI/KIO3 actinometer.

PubMed

Qiang, Zhimin; Li, Wentao; Li, Mengkai; Bolton, James R; Qu, Jiuhui

2015-01-01

UV radiometers are widely employed for irradiance measurements, but their periodical calibrations not only induce an extra cost but also are time-consuming. In this study, the KI/KIO3 actinometer was applied to calibrate UV radiometer detectors at 254 nm with a quasi-collimated beam apparatus equipped with a low-pressure UV lamp, and feasible calibration conditions were identified. Results indicate that a washer constraining the UV light was indispensable, while the size (10 or 50 mL) of a beaker containing the actinometer solution had little influence when a proper washer was used. The absorption or reflection of UV light by the internal beaker wall led to an underestimation or overestimation of the irradiance determined by the KI/KIO3 actinometer, respectively. The proper range of the washer internal diameter could be obtained via mathematical analysis. A radiometer with a longer service time showed a greater calibration factor. To minimize the interference from the inner wall reflection of the collimating tube, calibrations should be conducted at positions far enough away from the tube bottom. This study demonstrates that after the feasible calibration conditions are identified, the KI/KIO3 actinometer can be applied readily to calibrate UV radiometer detectors at 254 nm. © 2014 The American Society of Photobiology.

Endoscope disinfection and its pitfalls--requirement for retrograde surveillance cultures.

PubMed

Buss, A J; Been, M H; Borgers, R P; Stokroos, I; Melchers, W J; Peters, F T; Limburg, A J; Degener, J E

2008-04-01

Several endoscopy-related outbreaks of infection have been reported in recent years. For early recognition of inadequate disinfection of endoscopes we designed a microbiological surveillance system to evaluate the efficacy of the cleaning and disinfection procedure, and to trace disinfection problems to individual endoscopes or washer-disinfectors. Our surveillance protocol included anterograde and retrograde sampling, a decision algorithm, genetic fingerprinting, and scanning electron microscopy. Over a period of 29 months we found an increasing number of patient-ready endoscopes testing positive for Candida species other than albicans, especially C. parapsilosis. These yeasts were also isolated from the washer-disinfectors. The number of positive tests for Candida species varied from 1 out of 21 to 14 out of 27 samples from nine frequently used endoscopes. The number of colony-forming units per milliliter ranged from 1 - 10 to 3000 for endoscopes and 0.002 to 0.06 for the washer disinfectors. DNA fingerprinting was not able to discriminate different strains within C. parapsilosis. Our protocol was able to detect a structural problem in the endoscope disinfection process. Retrograde sampling was crucial for this purpose, because it has much higher sensitivity than anterograde sampling. Endoscopes with damaged working channels are probably the source of the contamination problem with Candida species.

Design improvement of automated gallon washing machine to minimize musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in CV Barokah Abadi using ergonomic function deployment (EFD) approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fakhriza, Z.; Rahayu, M.; Iqbal, M.

2017-12-01

In the production activity of Bottled Drinking Water (AMDK) in CV Barokah Abadi there is a gallon washing station. At the work station it involves three stages of activity such as washing and rinsing the outside of the gallon, spraying the inside of the gallon and rubbing the inside of the gallon which is done in a separate place. Distribution of Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaires showing employee complaints data at gallon washing stations where workers complained of pain in the right upper arm, right forearm and right wrist respectively 88% and workers also complained of pain in the waist and The right hand respectively by 81%. Ergonomic gallon washer is one way to minimize the risk of MSDs. The design begins with an ergonomic evaluation of the existing conditions and the concept of the initial design of the gallon washer. The evaluation is utilized for consideration of design improvements with the utilization of Ergonomic Function Deployment (EFD) in order for the product concept to conform to the ECSHE principle (Effective, Comfortable, Safe, Healthy and Efficient). The tool improvement design can minimize the risk of MSDs seen from the worker’s posture while using an ergonomic washer.

Comparison of the stability of various internal fixators used in the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans--a mechanical model.

PubMed

Morelli, Moreno; Poitras, Philippe; Grimes, Valentine; Backman, David; Dervin, Geoffrey

2007-04-01

The purpose of this study was to determine what characteristics of fixation devices used in the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) contribute to improved stability to resist shear loading. An OCD model was designed using rigid polyurethane foam. Each specimen consisted of two components, an osteochondral fragment and a corresponding defect. A total of 40 specimens were prepared and assigned to one of four groups: control (no extrinsic stabilizer); two 2-mm-diameter Kirschner wires (K-wires), 40 mm in length; one threaded washer and a 28-mm screw; and one threaded washer and a 38 mm screw. Each specimen was mounted onto an Iosipescu shear test fixture and subjected to shear loads at a pseudo-static displacement rate of 0.075 mm/s. All groups demonstrated some stability; controls were significantly less stable than all other groups. The group with the threaded washer and 38-mm screw demonstrated the greatest stability (p < 0.001), and no difference was noted between the K-wire and 28-mm screw groups. These results suggest that, in this OCD model, friction conferred some intrinsic stability to resist loads in shear. However, stability was improved with the use of long implants that compressed the fragments together.

Comparison of Bioabsorbable Interference Screws Composed of Poly-l-lactic Acid and Hydroxyapatite (PLLA-HA) to WasherLoc Tibial Fixation in Patients After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction of the Knee Joint.

PubMed

Patkowski, Mateusz; Królikowska, Aleksandra; Reichert, Paweł

2016-01-01

The reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee joint is a standard in ACL complete rupture treatment in athletes. One of the weakest points of this procedure is tibial fixation of grafts. The aim was, firstly, to evaluate patients 3-4 years after primary ACL reconstruction with the use of autologous ipsilateral STGR grafts and with tibial fixation using a bioabsorbable interference screw composed of PLLA-HA or WasherLoc, comparing the postoperative result to the preoperative condition and, secondly, to compare the results between the two groups of patients with different tibial fixation. Group I consisted of 20 patients with a bioabsorbable interference screw composed of PLLA-HA tibial fixation. In Group II, there were 22 patients after ACL reconstruction with the use of WasherLoc tibial fixation. The Lachman test, pivot-shift test, Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale and 2000 International Knee Documentation Committee (2000 IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form were used to evaluate the results. The intra-group comparison of the results of the 2000 IKDC Subjective Knee Evaluation Form and Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale obtained in the groups studied showed statistically significant differences between the evaluation performed preoperatively and postoperatively. The inter-group comparison of the results of the 2000 IKDC Subjective Knee Evaluation Form and Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale obtained postoperatively showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. An evaluation 3-4 years after ACL reconstruction with the use of autologous ipsilateral STGR grafts demonstrated significant progress from the preoperative condition to the postoperative result in patients with tibial fixation using a bioabsorbable interference screw composed of PLLA-HA as well as in patients with WasherLoc tibial fixation. There were no differences found between the two groups of patients after ACL reconstruction in terms of manual stability testing or a subjective assessment of knee joint outcomes.

Filtration System for Removal of Depleted Uranium from Water.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-02-01

PVC, 3-Way 65 1 1" Pressure Control Valve, Posacon #677, PVC Body, EPDM Diaphragm, Threaded Union Ends Valves with Actuators 29 2 1" PVC 3-Way Multi...Gaskets/Clamps 14 24 1/2" x 2 1/4" LG. Machine Bolts 15 32 1,2" Hex Nuts 16 64 1/2" Washer 17 8 1 1𔃼" Full Face Black Rubber Gasket 36 8 5/8" x 3" LG...Machine Bolts 37 8 5/8" Hex Nuts 38 16 5/8" Washers 39 6 3" Full Face Black Rubber Gasket 45 8 1/2" x 2 1/4" Machine Bolts 78 6 1 1/2" K40 Gasket 79 2 2

Apparatuses to support photovoltaic modules

DOEpatents

Ciasulli, John; Jones, Jason

2017-08-22

Methods and apparatuses to support photovoltaic ("PV") modules are described. A saddle bracket has a mounting surface to support one or more PV modules over a tube, a gusset coupled to the mounting surface, and a mounting feature coupled to the gusset to couple to the tube. A grounding washer has a first portion to couple to a support; and a second portion coupled to the first portion to provide a ground path to a PV module. A PV system has a saddle bracket; a PV module over the saddle bracket; and a grounding washer coupled to the saddle bracket and the PV module. Saddle brackets can be coupled to a torque tube at predetermined locations. PV modules can be coupled to the saddle brackets.

Cognitive restructuring and exposure with a compulsive washer: a test of reciprocal inhibition.

PubMed

Giles, T R

1982-09-01

Reciprocal inhibition was tested with a compulsive washer using the affect elicited by rational self-statements as the response competitor to anxiety. Three conditions, CS alone, CS plus irrational self-statements, and CS plus rational self-statements, were randomly and continuously repeated over six trials. The CS was presented both imaginally and in vivo. It was hypothesized: (1) that subjective anxiety in all conditions would substantially diminish by the experiment's end; (2) that the rational self-statement condition would reduce (inhibit) subjective anxiety to a significantly greater degree than the other two conditions; and (3) that significant anxiety reduction would occur only during the rational restructuring trials. All three hypotheses were supported by the results.

TXCHEM HE-1000™

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Technical product bulletin: this surface washing agent used in oil spill cleanups is applied by pressure sprayer, heated pressure washer, fire hoses, or mixing on or into hydrocarbon contaminated media.

Design and analysis of lifting tool assemblies to lift different engine block

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sawant, Arpana; Deshmukh, Nilaj N.; Chauhan, Santosh; Dabhadkar, Mandar; Deore, Rupali

2017-07-01

Engines block are required to be lifted from one place to another while they are being processed. The human effort required for this purpose is more and also the engine block may get damaged if it is not handled properly. There is a need for designing a proper lifting tool which will be able to conveniently lift the engine block and place it at the desired position without any accident and damage to the engine block. In the present study lifting tool assemblies are designed and analyzed in such way that it may lift different categories of engine blocks. The lifting tool assembly consists of lifting plate, lifting ring, cap screws and washers. A parametric model and assembly of Lifting tool is done in 3D modelling software CREO 2.0 and analysis is carried out in ANSYS Workbench 16.0. A test block of weight equivalent to that of an engine block is considered for the purpose of analysis. In the preliminary study, without washer the stresses obtained on the lifting tool were more than the safety margin. In the present design, washers were used with appropriate dimensions which helps to bring down the stresses on the lifting tool within the safety margin. Analysis is carried out to verify that tool design meets the ASME BTH-1 required safety margin.

Foam-reinforced elderly human tibia approximates young human tibia better than porcine tibia: a study of the structural properties of three soft tissue fixation devices.

PubMed

Bailey, Shana B; Grover, Dustin M; Howell, Stephen M; Hull, Maury L

2004-01-01

Because there is an insufficient supply of young human knees, an alternative is needed for evaluating anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. The authors determined whether an elderly human tibia reinforced with foam is a better substitute for a young human tibia than a porcine tibia in this study of the tibialfixation of a soft tissue anterior cruciate ligament graft using 3 devices. A foam-reinforced elderly human tibia more closely approximates the performance of a young human tibia than porcine tibia. Biomechanical study. Failure mode, stiffness, yield, and slippage were determined for a double-looped tendon graft fixed with either an interference screw, WasherLoc, or tandem washers in young human tibiae, foam-reinforced tibiae from elderly humans, and porcine tibiae. The stiffness and yield of interference screw and WasherLoc fixation in foam-reinforced tibiae more closely approximate those in young human tibiae than in porcine tibiae. Slippage of all combinations of tibiae and fixation devices was similar A foam-reinforced human tibia more closely approximates the performance of a young human tibia than that of porcine tibia in this study. Fixation devices should be tested in foam-reinforced tibiae from elderly humans rather than tibiae from large farm animals when the supply of young human knees is insufficient.

Emission characteristics of VOCs emitted from consumer and commercial products and their ozone formation potential.

PubMed

Dinh, Trieu-Vuong; Kim, Su-Yeon; Son, Youn-Suk; Choi, In-Young; Park, Seong-Ryong; Sunwoo, Young; Kim, Jo-Chun

2015-06-01

The characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from several consumer and commercial products (body wash, dishwashing detergent, air freshener, windshield washer fluid, lubricant, hair spray, and insecticide) were studied and compared. The spray products were found to emit the highest amount of VOCs (~96 wt%). In contrast, the body wash products showed the lowest VOC contents (~1.6 wt%). In the spray products, 21.6-96.4 % of the VOCs were propane, iso-butane, and n-butane, which are the components of liquefied petroleum gas. Monoterpene (C10H16) was the dominant component of the VOCs in the non-spray products (e.g., body wash, 53-88 %). In particular, methanol was present with the highest amount of VOCs in windshield washer fluid products. In terms of the number of carbon, the windshield washer fluids, lubricants, insecticides, and hair sprays comprised >95 % of the VOCs in the range C2-C5. The VOCs in the range C6-C10 were predominantly found in the body wash products. The dishwashing detergents and air fresheners contained diverse VOCs from C2 to C11. Besides comprising hazardous VOCs, VOCs from consumer products were also ozone precursors. The ozone formation potential of the consumer and commercial spray products was estimated to be higher than those of liquid and gel materials. In particular, the hair sprays showed the highest ozone formation potential.

Assessment of the Impacts of Standards and Labeling Programs inMexico (four products).

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sanchez, Itha; Pulido, Henry; McNeil, Michael A.

2007-06-12

This study analyzes impacts from energy efficiency standards and labeling in Mexico from 1994 through 2005 for four major products: household refrigerators, room air conditioners, three-phase (squirrel cage) induction motors, and clothes washers. It is a retrospective analysis, seeking to assess verified impacts on product efficiency in the Mexican market in the first ten years after standards were implemented. Such an analysis allows the Mexican government to compare actual to originally forecast program benefits. In addition, it provides an extremely valuable benchmark for other countries considering standards, and to the energy policy community as a whole. The methodology for evaluationmore » begins with historical test data taken for a large number of models of each product type between 1994 and 2005. The pre-standard efficiency of models in 1994 is taken as a baseline throughout the analysis. Model efficiency data were provided by an independent certification laboratory (ANCE), which tested products as part of the certification and enforcement mechanism defined by the standards program. Using this data, together with economic and market data provided by both government and private sector sources, the analysis considers several types of national level program impacts. These include: Energy savings; Environmental (emissions) impacts, and Net financial impacts to consumers, manufacturers and utilities. Energy savings impacts are calculated using the same methodology as the original projections, allowing a comparison. Other impacts are calculated using a robust and sophisticated methodology developed by the Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), in a collaboration supported by the Collaborative Labeling and Standards Program (CLASP).« less

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

MedlinePlus

... breed animals or birds, cheese washers, woodworkers, and wine makers—have a greater chance of exposure to ... this test, talk to your doctor about the benefits and possible risks of this procedure. Lung biopsies ...

Proton probing of a relativistic laser interaction with near-critical plasma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Willingale, Louise; Zulick, C.; Thomas, A. G. R.; Maksimchuk, A.; Krushelnick, K.; Nilson, P. M.; Stoeckl, C.; Sangster, T. C.; Nazarov, W.

2014-10-01

The Omega EP laser (1000 J in 10 ps pulses) was used to investigate a relativistic intensity laser interaction with near-critical density plasma using a transverse proton beam to diagnose the large electromagnetic fields generated. A very low density foam target mounted in a washer provided the near-critical density conditions. The fields from a scaled, two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation were inputed into a particle-tracking code to create simulated proton probe images. This allows us to understand the origins of the complex features in the experimental images, including a rapidly expanding sheath field, evidence for ponderomotive channeling and fields at the foam-washer interface. This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Award Number DE-NA0002028.

High temperature penetrator assembly with bayonet plug and ramp-activated lock

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wood, K. E. (Inventor)

1982-01-01

A penetration apparatus, for very high temperature applications in which a base plug is inserted into an opening through a bulkhead is described. The base plug has a head shape and is seated against the highest temperature surface of the bulkhead, which may be the skin of the nose cone or other part of a space vehicle intended for nondestructive atmospheric reentry. From the second side of the bulkhead at which the less severe environment is extant, a bayonet plug is inserted into the base plug and engages an internal shoulder at about 90 deg rotation. The bayonet plug has an integral flanged portion and a pair of ramping washers which are located between the flange and the second bulkhead surface with a spacing washer as necessary.

Simulating the Structural Response of a Preloaded Bolted Joint

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knight, Norman F., Jr.; Phillips, Dawn R.; Raju, Ivatury S.

2008-01-01

The present paper describes the structural analyses performed on a preloaded bolted-joint configuration. The joint modeled was comprised of two L-shaped structures connected together using a single bolt. Each L-shaped structure involved a vertical flat segment (or shell wall) welded to a horizontal segment (or flange). Parametric studies were performed using elasto-plastic, large-deformation nonlinear finite element analyses to determine the influence of several factors on the bolted-joint response. The factors considered included bolt preload, washer-surface-bearing size, edge boundary conditions, joint segment length, and loading history. Joint response is reported in terms of displacements, gap opening, and surface strains. Most of the factors studied were determined to have minimal effect on the bolted-joint response; however, the washer-bearing-surface size affected the response significantly.

PETRO-CLEAN

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Technical product bulletin: this surface washing agent used in oil spill cleanups on rocks, shorelines, sea walls, bridges, and highways. It is effective when applied through power washers or garden type sprayers in light dilution.

21 CFR 884.1185 - Endometrial washer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... with negative pressure. This device is used to study endometrial cytology (cells). (b) Classification. Class II. The special controls for this device are: (1) FDA's: (i) “Use of International Organization...

Shopping for clothes: Body satisfaction, appearance investment, and functions of clothing among female shoppers.

PubMed

Tiggemann, Marika; Lacey, Catherine

2009-09-01

The present study aimed to investigate the link between clothing and body experience in women of different ages. Participants were 162 female clothes shoppers between the ages of 18 and 55 who completed questionnaire measures of body image, functions of clothing, self-esteem, and enjoyment of clothes shopping. It was found that clothing was worn primarily for assurance and fashion by women of all ages. On the other hand, BMI and body dissatisfaction were related to the use of clothing for camouflage purposes and to a more negative clothes shopping experience. Both components of appearance investment were related to choice of clothes for fashion and assurance. However, the self-evaluative salience component was negatively related, while the motivational salience was positively related, to enjoyment of clothes shopping. It was concluded that although clothing is an under-researched aspect of body image, it represents an important part of women's appearance management, whatever their age.

Windshield washer fluid

MedlinePlus

... tests Chest x-ray CT (computerized tomography, or advanced imaging) scan EKG (electrocardiogram, or heart tracing) Fluids ... Stanton BF, St. Geme JW, Schor NF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics . 20th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; ...

77 FR 11416 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-27

.... This proposed AD would require modifying COS boxes by installing new brackets, stiffeners, and hardware... installing new brackets, stiffeners, and hardware (bolts, washers, and nuts) as needed. FAA's Determination...

21 CFR 884.1185 - Endometrial washer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... with negative pressure. This device is used to study endometrial cytology (cells). (b) Classification... a recent cesarean section, and (iii) Warning: Do not attach to a wall or any external suction, and...

Go Grey - A Laundry to Landscape Irrigation System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rajmohan, S.

2017-12-01

California residents have dealt with severe drought and high water bills for the few past years[1]. The objective of our project is to use the concept of greywater irrigation to build a low cost, adaptable, and easy to install irrigation system to collect the greywater from the washing machine and use it to water the plants. This system can reduce a household's water usage, extend the life of a septic system, and save time on watering plants by recycling the water from the washing machine. Our simple system requires PVC pipes, a three-way water diverter (valve), a mesh coffee filter, and a water (rain) barrel. The water from the washing machine travels through the three-way valve, which diverts it either to the garden or to the sewer. The PVC pipes lead outside to the garden, where the water barrel is located. The water goes through the mesh coffee filter that is attached on top of the barrel, so that lint and other impurities can be filtered out. The water collected in the barrel will travel through drip irrigation or through a hose to directly water the roots of the plants. This fully functional greywater system was successfully constructed and tested through various trails. We used a Kenmore standard 4.5 cubic feet front load high efficiency washer which uses less water compared to the traditional washers and measured the water collected in water barrel after each wash. Irrespective of the size of the load, the amount of water collected from each wash remained almost the same.. However, we collected enough grey water from each washer load to fill the rain barrel and water the plants in the garden. We were able apply the concept of greywater irrigation successfully to build our own low cost, adaptable, and easy to install greywater system that can be used in any household to water plants in the garden. Our system recycles the water from the washer instead of just wasting it thereby reducing a household's water usage and water bill especially during the time of drought. [1] U.S.Geological Survey/California Water Science Center - https://ca.water.usgs.gov/data/drought/index.html

78 FR 35604 - Foreign-Trade Zone (FTZ) 155-Calhoun/Victoria Counties, Texas; Notification of Proposed...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-13

..., shapes, grommets, clamps, hose, fittings, floor mats, gaskets, seals, insulation and lenses); v-ribbed...); compressors; fans (blades); turbochargers; air conditioners; heat exchangers; filters; windshield washer...

JEP-MARINE CLEAN

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Technical product bulletin: aka ECOVOOM-MARINE, this surface washing agent is used in oil spill cleanups. Manual pump sprayers should be used to presoak contaminated areas, then pressure washers used to agitate after presoak has been applied.

The Structure and Properties of Parachute Cloths

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcnicholas, H J; Hedrick, F

1930-01-01

The requisite properties of a parachute cloth are discussed and the methods for measuring these properties described. In addition to the structural analysis of the cloths, the properties measured were weight, breaking strength, tear resistance, elasticity, and air permeability. Thirty-six silk cloths of domestic manufacture, not previously used in parachute construction are compared with some silk cloths of foreign manufacture. These foreign cloths were ones proven by trial and extended use to be suitable materials for parachute construction. Contrary to the belief that domestic woven cloths were not suitable materials for parachute construction, it is shown that many domestic silk cloths are satisfactory and in some respects superior to the foreign products. Based on a comparative study of all the cloths, specifications are drawn for the manufacture of silk parachute cloth.

[Clothing and heat disorder].

PubMed

Satsumoto, Yayoi

2012-06-01

The influence of the clothing material properties(like water absorbency and rapid dryness, water vapor absorption, water vapor permeability and air permeability) and the design factor of the clothing(like opening condition and fitting of clothing), which contributed to prevent heat disorder, was outlined. WBGT(wet-bulb globe temperature) is used to show a guideline for environmental limitation of activities to prevent heat disorder. As the safety function is more important than thermal comfort for some sportswear and protective clothing with high cover area, clothing itself increases the risk of heat disorder. WBGT is corrected by CAF (clothing adjustment factor) in wearing such kind of protective clothing.

48 CFR 52.247-13 - Accessorial Services-Moving Contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... of property; e.g., beds and sectional bookcases, and the preparing of appliances; e.g., washers... uncrating and placement of property. The Contractor shall unpack and/or uncrate all property that was packed...

48 CFR 52.247-13 - Accessorial Services-Moving Contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... of property; e.g., beds and sectional bookcases, and the preparing of appliances; e.g., washers... uncrating and placement of property. The Contractor shall unpack and/or uncrate all property that was packed...

CORIBA 700 SR

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Technical product bulletin: this surface washing agent for oil spill cleanups reduces interfacial tension between oil and sand. Contaminated sand is placed in sand washer filled with product, oil floats to surface to remove with auger, then centrifuge sand

34. ROUGH GAS MAIN RUNNING SOUTHEAST FROM THE BOP SHOP ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

34. ROUGH GAS MAIN RUNNING SOUTHEAST FROM THE BOP SHOP TO THE DUAL VENTURI GAS WASHERS. - U.S. Steel Duquesne Works, Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Plant, Along Monongahela River, Duquesne, Allegheny County, PA

GOLD CREW SW

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Technical product bulletin: this surface washing agent for oil spill cleanups should be applied through hand pump sprayer and allowed to presoak, time depending on type of oil and weather conditions. Then apply through power washer or steam powered unit.

Speedy Acquisition of Surface-Contamination Samples

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Puleo, J. R.; Kirschner, L. E.

1982-01-01

Biological contamination of large-area surfaces can be determined quickly, inexpensively, and accurately with the aid of a polyester bonded cloth. Cloth is highly effective in removing microbes from a surface and releasing them for biological assay. In releasing contaminants, polyester bonded cloth was found to be superior to other commercial cleanroom cloths, including spun-bound polyamid cloths and cellulose cloths.

Interpretation of clothing heritage for contemporary tourism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vilman Proje, J.; Bizjak, M.

2017-10-01

In tourism is the first impression of essential meaning as tourists falling by what they see. In designing the clothing image, for commercial use in tourist sector, should be considered that clothes are consistent with the clothing habits of the region and that comply with the heritage story and style of the geographical area. Clothing image of the tourism representatives of the Bohinj region (Slovenia) has been developed. When designing, the inspiration was sought in historical and contemporary clothing image and heritage stories, in elements that representatives of the community recognize as their own cultural heritage. Affiliated clothes for tourism employees should have a useful function of comfortable workwear with heritage expression, meaning clothes are to be accepted as “everyday” clothes and not as a costume.

Advocating for Normal Birth With Normal Clothes

PubMed Central

Waller-Wise, Renece

2007-01-01

Childbirth educators need to be aware that the clothes they wear when teaching classes send a nonverbal message to class participants. Regardless of who wears the clothing or what is worn, clothes send a message; thus, both the advantages and disadvantages related to clothing choice should be considered. Ultimately, the message should reflect the values of supporting normal birth. For childbirth educators who are allowed to choose their own apparel to wear in their classes, street clothes may be the benchmark for which to strive. This article discusses the many nonverbal messages that clothes convey and provides support for the choice of street clothes as the dress for the professional childbirth educator; thus, “normal clothes to promote normal birth.” PMID:18408807

The efficacy of cleaning products on food industry surfaces.

PubMed

Lalla, Fairuz; Dingle, Peter

2004-09-01

The increased incidence of foodborne illness and the growing use of chemical sanitizers in the food industry led the authors to an investigation of alternative, chemical-free methods of sanitizing surfaces using fiber cloths with hot water. The sanitizing performance of kitchen fiber cloths and all-purpose fiber cloths sanitized with hot water at 167 degrees F (75 degrees C) was compared with that of generic cloths such as antibacterial cloths and cleaning cloths sanitized with hot water at 167 degrees F (75 degrees C) or chemical sanitizers--quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) and hypochlorite. The QAC sanitizer resulted in the lowest overall concentrations of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The sanitizing performance of the kitchen fiber cloths was similar to that of the antibacterial cloths (S. aureus: p = .144; E. coli: p = .120) and cleaning cloths (S. aureus: p = .297; E. coli: p = .062) sanitized with QAC. Use of the fiber cloths resulted in lower concentrations of bacteria on stainless-steel kitchen surfaces, compared with the use of the generic cloths sanitized with hot water at 167 degrees F (75 degrees C). Concentrations of bacteria on the surfaces after use of the all-purpose fiber cloths were similar to concentrations of bacteria after use of the generic cloths sanitized with hypochlorite.

Origin of Clothing Lice Indicates Early Clothing Use by Anatomically Modern Humans in Africa

PubMed Central

Toups, Melissa A.; Kitchen, Andrew; Light, Jessica E.; Reed, David L.

2011-01-01

Clothing use is an important modern behavior that contributed to the successful expansion of humans into higher latitudes and cold climates. Previous research suggests that clothing use originated anywhere between 40,000 and 3 Ma, though there is little direct archaeological, fossil, or genetic evidence to support more specific estimates. Since clothing lice evolved from head louse ancestors once humans adopted clothing, dating the emergence of clothing lice may provide more specific estimates of the origin of clothing use. Here, we use a Bayesian coalescent modeling approach to estimate that clothing lice diverged from head louse ancestors at least by 83,000 and possibly as early as 170,000 years ago. Our analysis suggests that the use of clothing likely originated with anatomically modern humans in Africa and reinforces a broad trend of modern human developments in Africa during the Middle to Late Pleistocene. PMID:20823373

[Hospital hygiene - clothing in hospitals: protection for staff and patients].

PubMed

Kerwat, Klaus; Wulf, Hinnerk

2008-03-01

Hospital clothing worn by medical personnel in German hospitals can be divided into two groups, work clothing and protective clothing. Work clothing is not changed between patient visits and hence is no measure of infection control. Its function is to protect private clothing and to identify medical personnel. Protective clothing on the other hand should protect staff and patients from nosocomial infections. It has to be changed between patient visits and is especially recommended with invasive procedures and immunocompromised patients.

21 CFR 880.6992 - Medical washer-disinfector.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... instruments, anesthesia equipment, hollowware, and other medical devices. (b) Classification. Class II...-disinfectors that are intended to clean, high level disinfect, and dry surgical instruments, anesthesia..., low or intermediate level disinfect, and dry surgical instruments, anesthesia equipment, hollowware...

21 CFR 880.6992 - Medical washer-disinfector.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... instruments, anesthesia equipment, hollowware, and other medical devices. (b) Classification. Class II...-disinfectors that are intended to clean, high level disinfect, and dry surgical instruments, anesthesia..., low or intermediate level disinfect, and dry surgical instruments, anesthesia equipment, hollowware...

Super Spool: An Experiment in Powerplant Design

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kesler, Ronald

1974-01-01

Discusses the use of rubberbands, an empty wooden thread spool, two wooden matches, a wax washer, and a small nail to conduct an experiment or demonstration in powerplant design. Detailed procedures and suggested activities are included. (CC)

21 CFR 880.6992 - Medical washer-disinfector.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... instruments, anesthesia equipment, hollowware, and other medical devices. (b) Classification. Class II...-disinfectors that are intended to clean, high level disinfect, and dry surgical instruments, anesthesia..., low or intermediate level disinfect, and dry surgical instruments, anesthesia equipment, hollowware...

21 CFR 880.6992 - Medical washer-disinfector.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... instruments, anesthesia equipment, hollowware, and other medical devices. (b) Classification. Class II...-disinfectors that are intended to clean, high level disinfect, and dry surgical instruments, anesthesia..., low or intermediate level disinfect, and dry surgical instruments, anesthesia equipment, hollowware...

21 CFR 880.6992 - Medical washer-disinfector.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... instruments, anesthesia equipment, hollowware, and other medical devices. (b) Classification. Class II...-disinfectors that are intended to clean, high level disinfect, and dry surgical instruments, anesthesia..., low or intermediate level disinfect, and dry surgical instruments, anesthesia equipment, hollowware...

Forensic Features of Clothing-Related Deaths: Historical and Cultural Aspects.

PubMed

Byard, Roger W

2017-12-01

Clothing may both cause death and contribute to ongoing lethal mechanisms by a variety of quite disparate mechanisms. The manner of death may be accidental, suicidal, or homicidal. Accidental deaths include burning from clothing catching on fire, strangulation from clothing tangling in vehicle wheels or exposed machinery, and drowning. Entanglement of clothing in machinery may also result in significant injuries, which are not uncommon in farming communities. Excessive clothing, or its absence, may significantly alter body temperature, and hanging from clothing is a feature in the young or in mentally or physically handicapped adults, or in adults who are intoxicated with alcohol or drugs. In previous years, potentially lethal amounts of arsenic were present in clothing and accessories from dyes. Clothing may also be used to form nooses or to pad ropes in suicides and may be used in cases of strangulation, suffocation, or choking in homicides. The contribution of clothing to mortality has changed over the years with changes in fashions and in manufacturing techniques. Geographical differences in clothing-related deaths persist because of variable social and cultural practices and legislative frameworks.

Not all triads are created equal: further support for the importance of visual and semantic proximity in object identification.

PubMed

Schweizer, Tom A; Dixon, Mike J; Desmarais, Geneviève; Smith, Stephen D

2002-01-01

Identification deficits were investigated in ELM, a temporal lobe stroke patient with category-specific deficits. We replicated previous work done on FS, a patient with category specific deficits as a result of herpes viral encephalitis. ELM was tested using novel, computer generated shapes that were paired with artifact labels. We paired semantically close or disparate labels to shapes and ELM attempted to learn these pairings. Overall, ELM's shape-label confusions were most detrimentally affected when we used labels that referred to objects that were visually and semantically close. However, as with FS, ELM had as many errors when shapes were paired with the labels "donut," "tire," and "washer" as he did when they were paired with visually and semantically close artifact labels. Two explanations are put forth to account for the anomalous performance by both patients on the triad of donut-tire-washer.

The Influence of the Environment and Clothing on Human Exposure to Ultraviolet Light

PubMed Central

Liu, Jin; Zhang, Wei

2015-01-01

Objection The aim of this study is to determine the effect of clothing and the environment on human exposure to ultraviolet light. Methods The ultraviolet (ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B) light intensity was measured, and air quality parameters were recorded in 2014 in Beijing, China. Three types of clothing (white polyester cloth, pure cotton white T-shirt, and pure cotton black T-shirt) were individually placed on a mannequin. The ultraviolet (ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B) light intensities were measured above and beneath each article of clothing, and the percentage of ultraviolet light transmission through the clothing was calculated. Results (1) The ultraviolet light transmission was significantly higher through white cloth than through black cloth; the transmission was significantly higher through polyester cloth than through cotton. (2) The weather significantly influenced ultraviolet light transmission through white polyester cloth; transmission was highest on clear days and lowest on overcast days (ultraviolet A: P=0.000; ultraviolet B: P=0.008). (3) Air quality parameters (air quality index and particulate matter 2.5 and 10) were inversely related to the ultraviolet light intensity that reached the earth’s surface. Ultraviolet B transmission through white polyester cloth was greater under conditions of low air pollution compared with high air pollution. Conclusion Clothing color and material and different types of weather affected ultraviolet light transmission; for one particular cloth, the transmission decreased with increasing air pollution. PMID:25923778

The influence of the environment and clothing on human exposure to ultraviolet light.

PubMed

Liu, Jin; Zhang, Wei

2015-01-01

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of clothing and the environment on human exposure to ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet (ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B) light intensity was measured, and air quality parameters were recorded in 2014 in Beijing, China. Three types of clothing (white polyester cloth, pure cotton white T-shirt, and pure cotton black T-shirt) were individually placed on a mannequin. The ultraviolet (ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B) light intensities were measured above and beneath each article of clothing, and the percentage of ultraviolet light transmission through the clothing was calculated. (1) The ultraviolet light transmission was significantly higher through white cloth than through black cloth; the transmission was significantly higher through polyester cloth than through cotton. (2) The weather significantly influenced ultraviolet light transmission through white polyester cloth; transmission was highest on clear days and lowest on overcast days (ultraviolet A: P=0.000; ultraviolet B: P=0.008). (3) Air quality parameters (air quality index and particulate matter 2.5 and 10) were inversely related to the ultraviolet light intensity that reached the earth's surface. Ultraviolet B transmission through white polyester cloth was greater under conditions of low air pollution compared with high air pollution. Clothing color and material and different types of weather affected ultraviolet light transmission; for one particular cloth, the transmission decreased with increasing air pollution.

Laundry Study for a Lunar Outpost

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ewert, Michael; Jeng, Frank

2009-01-01

In support of the Constellation Program, which will return humans to the moon and establish an Outpost, NASA has conducted an analysis of crew clothing and laundry options. Single-use or "disposable" clothing has been used from Apollo until International Space Station (ISS) missions, meaning that clothes were worn for the whole mission or thrown away when they became too dirty to wear any longer. This is justified for short duration missions; however, as the Constellation mission will last much longer and each individual Outpost mission is expected to last up to 180 days, mission goals and launch penalties for mass and volume may lead to a different conclusion. Furthermore, the habitat atmosphere pressure and therefore oxygen volume percentage will be different from ISS or Shuttle. Almost daily EVA sorties will be a norm during Outpost exploration missions. All of these factors will have impacts on selection of crew clothing and laundry options for Outpost missions. Mass and volume estimates for disposable crew clothing have been shown as a major penalty in long-duration manned space exploration missions in previous analyses. Assuming disposable clothing like ISS, Equivalent System Mass (ESM) of crew clothing and hygiene towels was estimated to be 11,000 kg or about 11% of total life support system ESM for a 10-year Lunar Outpost mission with 4 crew members. Ways to reduce this clothing penalty, which are discussed in this paper, include: a) Reduce clothing supply rate through using clothes made of advanced fabrics; b) Reduce daily usage rate by extending its use duration before disposing; and c) Use laundry and reusable clothing. The report summarizes recent research efforts in advanced clothing, proposed clothing supply rates for Exploration missions, results of a trade-off study between disposable clothing and laundry, and conclusions and suggestions for Constellation Program clothing.

30 CFR 77.1710 - Protective clothing; requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Protective clothing; requirements. 77.1710... COAL MINES Miscellaneous § 77.1710 Protective clothing; requirements. Each employee working in a... protective clothing and devices as indicated below: (a) Protective clothing or equipment and face-shields or...

Insertion Loss of Personal Protective Clothing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shull D.J.; Biesel, V.B.; Cunefare, K.A.

1999-05-13

'The use of personal protective clothing that covers the head is a common practice in many industries. Such personal protective clothing will impact the sound pressure level and the frequency content of sounds to which the wearer will be exposed. The use of such clothing, then, may impact speech and alarm audibility. A measure of the impact of such clothing is its insertion loss. Insertion loss measurements were performed on four types of personal protective clothing in use by Westinghouse Savannah River Company personnel which utilize cloth and plastic hood configurations to protect the head. All clothing configurations tested atmore » least partially cover the ears. The measurements revealed that insertion loss of the items tested was notable at frequencies above 1000 Hz only and was a function of material stiffness and acoustic flanking paths to the ear. Further, an estimate of the clothing''s noise reduction rating reveals poor performance in that regard, even though the insertion loss of the test articles was significant at frequencies at and above 1000 Hz.'« less

'Where were your clothes?' Eliciting descriptions of clothing placement from children alleging sexual abuse in criminal trials and forensic interviews.

PubMed

Stolzenberg, Stacia N; Lyon, Thomas D

2017-09-01

The present study examined how children alleging sexual abuse are asked about clothing placement during abusive episodes, both in criminal trials and forensic interviews. The placement of clothing is of great importance, because it facilitates distinguishing abusive touch from non-abusive touch, as well as the severity of abuse when the touching is in fact sexual. If clothing has not been removed, then sexual abuse appears less likely and certain types of sexual contact are physically impossible (or at least highly improbable). We examined how trial attorneys ( n = 142) and forensic interviewers in investigative interviews ( n = 155) questioned 5- 12-year-olds about the location of clothing during alleged sexual abuse. To do so, we identified all question-answer pairs that included references to clothing placement, and coded for the clothing item mentioned, whether the interviewer elicited information about clothing placement or the child spontaneously provided such information, question-type, and response-type. Discussions about clothing placement were commonplace in both settings, particularly in court. Fewer than one in five question-answer pairs about clothing placement were spontaneous mentions by children; the questioner elicited most discussions. When interviewers asked wh- questions rather than yes/no and forced-choice questions, children provided more elaboration, more detailed clothing information, and were over six times more likely to describe clothing placement in a fashion that could not be captured by a single preposition (e.g., neither on nor off). The findings suggest that descriptions of clothing placement are subject to serious misinterpretation when closed-ended questions are asked.

Comparison of washer-disinfector cleaning indicators: impact of temperature and cleaning cycle parameters.

PubMed

Alfa, Michelle J; Olson, Nancy

2014-02-01

Because automated instrument washer-disinfectors (WD) are widely used in health care to reprocess a variety of medical instruments, we developed a study to compare 3 cleaning indicators to determine whether they detected suboptimal temperature, time, enzymatic detergent, and fluid action in a washer-disinfector. The Miele WD was used for this comparison. One optimal cycle and 14 cycles with suboptimal enzymatic detergent, cleaning time, temperature, or inactive spray arms were evaluated. The cleaning indicators evaluated included the following: Pinnacle Monitor for Automated Enzymatic Cleaning Process (PNCL), Wash-Checks (WC), and TOSI. The scoring system for all 3 indicators was harmonized to a common scale. Soiled tweezers were included in each cycle evaluated. The PNCL, TOSI, and WC cleaning indicators showed significantly more failures at 40°C compared with 60°C (100% vs 0% for PNCL, 17% vs 0% for TOSI, and 60% vs 22% for WC, respectively). There were significantly more failures at suboptimal temperatures with a 2- versus 4-minute cycle (100% vs 0% for PNCL, 17% vs 0% for TOSI, and 17% vs 0% for WC, respectively, for 40°C cycles). Despite suboptimal cleaning cycles, all soiled tweezers looked clean. All 3 cleaning indicators responded to suboptimal WD conditions; however, the PNCL was the most affected by alterations in the cycle conditions evaluated. In simulated use testing, cleaning indicators provided a more sensitive audit tool compared with visual inspection of soiled instruments after automated cleaning. Copyright © 2014 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

20 CFR 670.640 - Are students provided with clothing?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... clothing? Yes, Job Corps students are provided cash clothing allowances and/or articles of clothing, including safety clothing, when needed for their participation in Job Corps and their successful entry into... Section 670.640 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR THE JOB...

28 CFR 571.22 - Release clothing and transportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Release clothing and transportation. 571... AND RELEASE RELEASE FROM CUSTODY Release Gratuities, Transportation, and Clothing § 571.22 Release clothing and transportation. (a) Staff shall provide release clothing appropriate for the time of year and...

28 CFR 571.22 - Release clothing and transportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Release clothing and transportation. 571... AND RELEASE RELEASE FROM CUSTODY Release Gratuities, Transportation, and Clothing § 571.22 Release clothing and transportation. (a) Staff shall provide release clothing appropriate for the time of year and...

28 CFR 571.22 - Release clothing and transportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Release clothing and transportation. 571... AND RELEASE RELEASE FROM CUSTODY Release Gratuities, Transportation, and Clothing § 571.22 Release clothing and transportation. (a) Staff shall provide release clothing appropriate for the time of year and...

28 CFR 571.22 - Release clothing and transportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Release clothing and transportation. 571... AND RELEASE RELEASE FROM CUSTODY Release Gratuities, Transportation, and Clothing § 571.22 Release clothing and transportation. (a) Staff shall provide release clothing appropriate for the time of year and...

28 CFR 571.22 - Release clothing and transportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Release clothing and transportation. 571... AND RELEASE RELEASE FROM CUSTODY Release Gratuities, Transportation, and Clothing § 571.22 Release clothing and transportation. (a) Staff shall provide release clothing appropriate for the time of year and...

Clothing and Textiles (Intermediate). Instructor's Guide. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Missouri Univ., Columbia. Instructional Materials Lab.

This clothing and textiles teacher's manual contains five instructional units for a semester course. Units included are (1) Significance of Textiles and Clothing to the Individual in Society; (2) Nature of Textiles and Clothing; (3) Acquisition, Use, and Care of Textiles and Clothing; (4) Garment Construction; and (5) Occupations in…

19 CFR 10.58 - Bolting cloths; marking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Bolting cloths; marking. 10.58 Section 10.58... TREASURY ARTICLES CONDITIONALLY FREE, SUBJECT TO A REDUCED RATE, ETC. General Provisions Bolting Cloths § 10.58 Bolting cloths; marking. (a) As a prerequisite to the free entry of bolting cloth for milling...

19 CFR 10.58 - Bolting cloths; marking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Bolting cloths; marking. 10.58 Section 10.58... TREASURY ARTICLES CONDITIONALLY FREE, SUBJECT TO A REDUCED RATE, ETC. General Provisions Bolting Cloths § 10.58 Bolting cloths; marking. (a) As a prerequisite to the free entry of bolting cloth for milling...

19 CFR 10.58 - Bolting cloths; marking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Bolting cloths; marking. 10.58 Section 10.58... TREASURY ARTICLES CONDITIONALLY FREE, SUBJECT TO A REDUCED RATE, ETC. General Provisions Bolting Cloths § 10.58 Bolting cloths; marking. (a) As a prerequisite to the free entry of bolting cloth for milling...

19 CFR 10.58 - Bolting cloths; marking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Bolting cloths; marking. 10.58 Section 10.58... TREASURY ARTICLES CONDITIONALLY FREE, SUBJECT TO A REDUCED RATE, ETC. General Provisions Bolting Cloths § 10.58 Bolting cloths; marking. (a) As a prerequisite to the free entry of bolting cloth for milling...

19 CFR 10.58 - Bolting cloths; marking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Bolting cloths; marking. 10.58 Section 10.58... TREASURY ARTICLES CONDITIONALLY FREE, SUBJECT TO A REDUCED RATE, ETC. General Provisions Bolting Cloths § 10.58 Bolting cloths; marking. (a) As a prerequisite to the free entry of bolting cloth for milling...

An Investigation of Self-Concept, Clothing Selection, and Life Satisfaction among Disabled Consumers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chang, Hyo Jung

2012-01-01

This dissertation investigates the relationships between various aspects of self-concept (i.e., generalized self-efficacy, public self-consciousness, state hope, and self-esteem), clothing selection (i.e., clothing that expresses individuality, clothing that improves the emotional state, clothing that camouflages the body), and life satisfaction…

Warranty Decision Process.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-02-01

come to expect when they purchase the products. Examples of this are found in the automobile, lawn - mower , household appliance and small engine...and stations--make significant acquisitions of commercial appliances such as washers, dryers, dishwashers, lawn - mowers and the like. Whichever command

Study and modification of the reactivity of carbon fibers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Walker, P. L., Jr.; Ismail, I. M.; Mahajan, O. P.; Eapen, T. A.

1980-01-01

The reactivity to air of polyactylonitrile-based carbon fiber cloth was enhanced by the addition of metals to the cloth. The cloth was oxidized in 54 wt% nitric acid in order to increase the surface area of the cloth and to add carbonyl groups to the surface. Metal addition was then achieved by soaking the cloth in metal acetate solution to effect exchange between the metal carbon and hydrogen on the carbonyl groups. The addition of potassium, sodium, calcium and barium enhanced fiber cloth reactivity to air at 573 K. Extended studies using potassium addition showed that success in enhancing fiber cloth reactivity to air depends on: extent of cloth oxidation in nitric acid, time of exchange in potassium acetate solution and the thoroughness of removing metal acetate from the fiber pore structure following exchange. Cloth reactivity increases essentially linearly with increase in potassium addition via exchange.

Survival of influenza A virus on contaminated student clothing

PubMed Central

IKEDA, KEIKO; TSUJIMOTO, KAZUKO; SUZUKI, YUKIKO; KOYAMA, AUGUSTINE HAJIME

2015-01-01

The role of contaminated clothing in the transmission of influenza A virus during an epidemic period was investigated by examining the recovery of infectious influenza virus from experimentally virus-contaminated clothing, which had been subejected to routine wearing and washing for several months or years. The amount of infectious virus recovered from the nine types of clothing decreased with time and was shown to differ widely between clothing samples, when the contaminated clothing samples were maintained in uncovered glass Petri dishes in a safety cabinet under air blowing. These results indicate a dependence of virus transmissibility on the nature of the contaminated clothes. The difference in recovery was shown to have no significant correlation with the thickness or the materials of the clothing; however, a correlation was observed with the residual amount of water in the deposited virus preparation on the test clothing. PMID:25780410

Awareness of the Social Implications of Clothing in Relation to Fashion Awareness and Clothing Economic Practices.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horridge, Patricia; Richards, Mary Lynne

1986-01-01

The Sproles Consumer Interests and Priorities questionnaire was administered to 3,036 home economists. Awareness of social implications of clothing, correlated positively with fashion awareness and clothing economic practices. Results suggest that persons exhibiting substantial awareness of social importance of clothing also tend to evidence…

Breather cloth for vacuum curing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reed, M. W.

1979-01-01

Finely-woven nylon cloth that has been treated with Teflon improves vacuum adhesive bonding of coatings to substrates. Cloth is placed over coating; entire assembly, including substrate, coating, and cloth, is placed in plastic vacuum bag for curing. Cloth allows coating to "breathe" when bag is evacuated. Applications include bonding film coatings to solar concentrators and collectors.

The application and development of artificial intelligence in smart clothing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Xiong

2018-03-01

This paper mainly introduces the application of artificial intelligence in intelligent clothing. Starting from the development trend of artificial intelligence, analysis the prospects for development in smart clothing with artificial intelligence. Summarize the design key of artificial intelligence in smart clothing. Analysis the feasibility of artificial intelligence in smart clothing.

Estimating Clothing Thermal Insulation Using an Infrared Camera

PubMed Central

Lee, Jeong-Hoon; Kim, Young-Keun; Kim, Kyung-Soo; Kim, Soohyun

2016-01-01

In this paper, a novel algorithm for estimating clothing insulation is proposed to assess thermal comfort, based on the non-contact and real-time measurements of the face and clothing temperatures by an infrared camera. The proposed method can accurately measure the clothing insulation of various garments under different clothing fit and sitting postures. The proposed estimation method is investigated to be effective to measure its clothing insulation significantly in different seasonal clothing conditions using a paired t-test in 99% confidence interval. Temperatures simulated with the proposed estimated insulation value show closer to the values of actual temperature than those with individual clothing insulation values. Upper clothing’s temperature is more accurate within 3% error and lower clothing’s temperature is more accurate by 3.7%~6.2% error in indoor working scenarios. The proposed algorithm can reflect the effect of air layer which makes insulation different in the calculation to estimate clothing insulation using the temperature of the face and clothing. In future, the proposed method is expected to be applied to evaluate the customized passenger comfort effectively. PMID:27005625

Evaluation on an ergonomic design of functional clothing for wheelchair users.

PubMed

Wang, Yunyi; Wu, Daiwei; Zhao, Mengmeng; Li, Jun

2014-05-01

Researchers have pointed out that people with physical disabilities find it difficult to obtain suitable clothing. In this study a set of wheelchair user oriented functional clothing was designed. Attention was paid to the wheelchair users' daily living activities related with clothing. An evaluating system combined with sports tournament and rehabilitation medicine was introduced to assess the new designed clothing. Six wheelchair users (3 males and 3 females) were invited to wear the clothing. A set of normal functional clothing was employed as a comparison (Control). The time required to complete three different daily living activities, i.e. dressing and undressing, going to toilet and bathing were recorded. Results showed that with the new clothing wheelchair users' competence of managing toilet was increased by 52.9%. The time needed for toilet was reduced by 45.7%. Their capability of managing dressing and undressing was improved by 24.6%. The study indicated that the newly designed clothing could facilitate wheelchair users' daily living activities related with clothing. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd and The Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.

Clothing choices, weight, and trait self-objectification.

PubMed

Tiggemann, Marika; Andrew, Rachel

2012-06-01

The present study aimed to assess the link between clothing choice and aspects of body image. Participants were 112 female undergraduate students who completed a questionnaire containing a measure of clothing functions, as well as BMI, self-classified weight, and trait self-objectification. Results indicated that BMI and self-classified weight were positively correlated with the choice of clothes for camouflage. Self-objectification was positively correlated with choice of clothes for fashion, and negatively correlated with choosing clothes for comfort. It was concluded that clothing represents an important but neglected aspect of contemporary women's management of their body's appearance. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

78 FR 33339 - Notice of Petitions by Firms for Determination of Eligibility To Apply for Trade Adjustment...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-04

... Firm manufacturers metal parts for IN 46350. air compressors from sheet metal, aluminum and stainless... 17406. as spacers, washers, bushings and pins on multi-spindle automatic screw machines. K&F Electronics...

Structural steel coatings for corrosion mitigation.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-10-01

Task 1 of this project was to survey the performance of coating systems for steel bridges in Missouri and to evaluate coating and : recoating practices. Task 1 was led under the direction of Dr. Glenn Washer from the University of Missouri located in...

Choosing a Type 2 Diabetes Drug: Why Generic Metformin is Often the Best Choice

MedlinePlus

... Mattresses Pressure Washers Smoke & CO Detectors String Trimmers Toilets Water Filters Windows All Home & Garden More on ... the-Range Microwaves From Consumer Reports' Tests Save space on the counter with a mounted microwave that ...

38. DETAIL OF COOLING WATER BOOSTER PUMP FOR OXYGEN FURNACES, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

38. DETAIL OF COOLING WATER BOOSTER PUMP FOR OXYGEN FURNACES, LANCES, AND FUME HOODS IN THE GAS WASHER PUMP HOUSE LOOKING EAST. - U.S. Steel Duquesne Works, Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Plant, Along Monongahela River, Duquesne, Allegheny County, PA

View south, wharf B, timber framing, detail of cross bracing, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View south, wharf B, timber framing, detail of cross bracing, recent galvanized straps, bolts and washers - U.S. Coast Guard Sandy Hook Station, Western Docking Structure, West of intersection of Canfield Road & Hartshorne Drive, Highlands, Monmouth County, NJ

24 CFR 3280.708 - Exhaust duct system and provisions for the future installation of a clothes dryer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...(a)(1) through (5). (c) Provisions for future installation of electric clothes dryers. When wiring is... for the future installation of a clothes dryer. 3280.708 Section 3280.708 Housing and Urban... duct system and provisions for the future installation of a clothes dryer. (a) Clothes dryers. (1) All...

Advanced Clothing System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Broyan, James; Orndoff, Evelyne

2014-01-01

The goal of the Advanced Clothing System (ACS) is to use advanced commercial off-the-shelf fibers and antimicrobial treatments with the goal of directly reducing the mass and volume of a logistics item. The current clothing state-of-the-art on the International Space Station (ISS) is disposable, mostly cotton-based, clothing with no laundry provisions. Each clothing article has varying use periods and will become trash. The goal is to increase the length of wear of the clothing to reduce the logistical mass and volume. The initial focus has been exercise clothing since the use period is lower. Various ground studies and an ISS technology demonstration have been conducted to evaluate clothing preference and length of wear. The analysis indicates that use of ACS selected garments (e.g. wool, modacrylic, polyester) can increase the breakeven point for laundry to 300 days.

Advanced Clothing System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schlesinger, Thilini; Broyan, James; Orndoff, Evelyne

2014-01-01

The goal of the Advanced Clothing System (ACS) is to use advanced commercial off-theshelf fibers and antimicrobial treatments with the goal of directly reducing the mass and volume of a logistics item. The current clothing state-of-the-art on the International Space Station (ISS) is disposable, mostly cotton-based, clothing with no laundry provisions. Each clothing article has varying use periods and will become trash. The goal is to increase the length of wear of the clothing to reduce the logistical mass and volume. The initial focus has been exercise clothing since the use period is lower. Various ground studies and an ISS technology demonstration have been conducted to evaluate clothing preference and length of wear. The analysis indicates that use of ACS selected garments (e.g. wool, modacrylic, polyester) can increase the breakeven point for laundry to 300 days.

24 CFR 3280.708 - Exhaust duct system and provisions for the future installation of a clothes dryer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... for the future installation of a clothes dryer. 3280.708 Section 3280.708 Housing and Urban... duct system and provisions for the future installation of a clothes dryer. (a) Clothes dryers. (1) All gas and electric clothes dryers shall be exhausted to the outside by a moisture-lint exhaust duct and...

24 CFR 3280.708 - Exhaust duct system and provisions for the future installation of a clothes dryer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... for the future installation of a clothes dryer. 3280.708 Section 3280.708 Housing and Urban... duct system and provisions for the future installation of a clothes dryer. (a) Clothes dryers. (1) All gas and electric clothes dryers shall be exhausted to the outside by a moisture-lint exhaust duct and...

24 CFR 3280.708 - Exhaust duct system and provisions for the future installation of a clothes dryer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... for the future installation of a clothes dryer. 3280.708 Section 3280.708 Housing and Urban... duct system and provisions for the future installation of a clothes dryer. (a) Clothes dryers. (1) All gas and electric clothes dryers shall be exhausted to the outside by a moisture-lint exhaust duct and...

24 CFR 3280.708 - Exhaust duct system and provisions for the future installation of a clothes dryer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... for the future installation of a clothes dryer. 3280.708 Section 3280.708 Housing and Urban... duct system and provisions for the future installation of a clothes dryer. (a) Clothes dryers. (1) All gas and electric clothes dryers shall be exhausted to the outside by a moisture-lint exhaust duct and...

40 CFR 170.130 - Pesticide safety training for workers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., shampoo hair, and put on clean clothes after work. (v) Washing work clothes separately from other clothes... or sprayed on the body. As soon as possible, shower, shampoo, and change into clean clothes. (3...

40 CFR 170.130 - Pesticide safety training for workers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., shampoo hair, and put on clean clothes after work. (v) Washing work clothes separately from other clothes... or sprayed on the body. As soon as possible, shower, shampoo, and change into clean clothes. (3...

A cluster randomised trial of cloth masks compared with medical masks in healthcare workers

PubMed Central

MacIntyre, C Raina; Seale, Holly; Dung, Tham Chi; Hien, Nguyen Tran; Nga, Phan Thi; Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad; Rahman, Bayzidur; Dwyer, Dominic E; Wang, Quanyi

2015-01-01

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of cloth masks to medical masks in hospital healthcare workers (HCWs). The null hypothesis is that there is no difference between medical masks and cloth masks. Setting 14 secondary-level/tertiary-level hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. Participants 1607 hospital HCWs aged ≥18 years working full-time in selected high-risk wards. Intervention Hospital wards were randomised to: medical masks, cloth masks or a control group (usual practice, which included mask wearing). Participants used the mask on every shift for 4 consecutive weeks. Main outcome measure Clinical respiratory illness (CRI), influenza-like illness (ILI) and laboratory-confirmed respiratory virus infection. Results The rates of all infection outcomes were highest in the cloth mask arm, with the rate of ILI statistically significantly higher in the cloth mask arm (relative risk (RR)=13.00, 95% CI 1.69 to 100.07) compared with the medical mask arm. Cloth masks also had significantly higher rates of ILI compared with the control arm. An analysis by mask use showed ILI (RR=6.64, 95% CI 1.45 to 28.65) and laboratory-confirmed virus (RR=1.72, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.94) were significantly higher in the cloth masks group compared with the medical masks group. Penetration of cloth masks by particles was almost 97% and medical masks 44%. Conclusions This study is the first RCT of cloth masks, and the results caution against the use of cloth masks. This is an important finding to inform occupational health and safety. Moisture retention, reuse of cloth masks and poor filtration may result in increased risk of infection. Further research is needed to inform the widespread use of cloth masks globally. However, as a precautionary measure, cloth masks should not be recommended for HCWs, particularly in high-risk situations, and guidelines need to be updated. Trial registration number Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12610000887077. PMID:25903751

Uncovering Sundanese Values by Analyzing Symbolic Meaning of Ménak Priangan Clothing (1800-1942)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karmila, M.; Suciati; Widiaty, I.

2016-04-01

This study investigates symbolic meanings found in the Sunda ethnic clothing, particularly the Menak Priangan clothing. This study aims to uncover and document those symbolic meanings found in the Menak Priangan clothing as an effort to develop Sunda cultural artefacts of West Java. This study on Menak Priangan clothing applies ethnography (visual) and aesthetic methods. The visual method is utilized in order to uncover local cultural (Sunda) values found in Menak Priangan clothing visualization, including: design, model, name, and representing colours, which then directed towards local Sundanese aesthetic concepts living within the Priangan community. Furthermore, aesthetic method is used to explore role of aesthetic values in empowering visual cultural values within certain community, particularly Sunda aesthetic values. The study results show that since the 19th century, Sunda ethnic clothing was limited to Priangan Sunda only, while traditional clothing wearing by Priangan people reflects their social strata, consisting of: a. Menak Gede (Menak pangluhurna: mayor), bearing raden title, b. Menak Leutik/Santana (mayor assistant), titles: asep, mas, agus, ujang, (Nyimas for woman), c. Somah/Cacah: ordinary people/lower class. Clothing is a cultural phenomenon within certain culture reflecting such society experiences. For Menak people, clothing and its accessories have important meanings. They wear such traditional clothing and accessories as a symbol of power they have within bureaucratic structure and as a symbol of social status they bear within traditional community structure.

Role of clothing in both accelerating and impeding dermal absorption of airborne SVOCs.

PubMed

Morrison, Glenn C; Weschler, Charles J; Bekö, Gabriel; Koch, Holger M; Salthammer, Tunga; Schripp, Tobias; Toftum, Jørn; Clausen, Geo

2016-01-01

To assess the influence of clothing on dermal uptake of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), we measured uptake of selected airborne phthalates for an individual wearing clean clothes or air-exposed clothes and compared these results with dermal uptake for bare-skinned individuals under otherwise identical experimental conditions. Using a breathing hood to isolate dermal from inhalation uptake, we measured urinary metabolites of diethylphthalate (DEP) and di-n-butylphthalate (DnBP) from an individual exposed to known concentrations of these compounds for 6 h in an experimental chamber. The individual wore either clean (fresh) cotton clothes or cotton clothes that had been exposed to the same chamber air concentrations for 9 days. For a 6-h exposure, the net amounts of DEP and DnBP absorbed when wearing fresh clothes were, respectively, 0.017 and 0.007 μg/kg/(μg/m(3)); for exposed clothes the results were 0.178 and 0.261 μg/kg/(μg/m(3)), respectively (values normalized by air concentration and body mass). When compared against the average results for bare-skinned participants, clean clothes were protective, whereas exposed clothes increased dermal uptake for DEP and DnBP by factors of 3.3 and 6.5, respectively. Even for non-occupational environments, wearing clothing that has adsorbed/absorbed indoor air pollutants can increase dermal uptake of SVOCs by substantial amounts relative to bare skin.

Visual effects of the first ladies’ Kebaya clothing on the image of Indonesian women’s appearances

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suciati

2016-04-01

The image of Indonesian women on international level is partly influenced by the appearance of the First Lady. The role and position of the First Lady is the representation of Indonesian women, because basically the First Lady, as the wife who accompanies the President (head of state), has a strong background of cultural grip, high intellectuality and good personality in her daily lifestyle, including in wearing clothes, and as an ambassador of culture and design. Fashion style of the First Lady always draws praise and criticism from the public. The purpose of this study is to reveal the visualization effects of Indonesian First Ladies’ kebaya clothing style in various state occasions on the image of Indonesian women’s appearances. This study is a qualitative research of visual data that emphasizes the discussion of Kebaya Clothing using semiological study (connotation and denotation meaning) that bring out self-image. The results showed that the style the First Ladies’ Kebaya clothing in every presidency period of their husbands had characteristics both in the style of clothing or hairstyle, indicating self-image. The conclusion of this study reveals that the First Ladies’ Kebaya Clothing (National Clothing) is interpreted as having implied messages because clothing can be observed visually. Implication was done on the construction of learning patterns of clothing, national fashion design and Nusantara ethnic clothing design.

Airborne asbestos take-home exposures during handling of chrysotile-contaminated clothing following simulated full shift workplace exposures.

PubMed

Sahmel, Jennifer; Barlow, Christy A; Gaffney, Shannon; Avens, Heather J; Madl, Amy K; Henshaw, John; Unice, Ken; Galbraith, David; DeRose, Gretchen; Lee, Richard J; Van Orden, Drew; Sanchez, Matthew; Zock, Matthew; Paustenbach, Dennis J

2016-01-01

The potential for para-occupational, domestic, or take-home exposures from asbestos-contaminated work clothing has been acknowledged for decades, but historically has not been quantitatively well characterized. A simulation study was performed to measure airborne chrysotile concentrations associated with laundering of contaminated clothing worn during a full shift work day. Work clothing fitted onto mannequins was exposed for 6.5 h to an airborne concentration of 11.4 f/cc (PCME) of chrysotile asbestos, and was subsequently handled and shaken. Mean 5-min and 15-min concentrations during active clothes handling and shake-out were 3.2 f/cc and 2.9 f/cc, respectively (PCME). Mean airborne PCME concentrations decreased by 55% 15 min after clothes handling ceased, and by 85% after 30 min. PCM concentrations during clothes handling were 11-47% greater than PCME concentrations. Consistent with previously published data, daily mean 8-h TWA airborne concentrations for clothes-handling activity were approximately 1.0% of workplace concentrations. Similarly, weekly 40-h TWAs for clothes handling were approximately 0.20% of workplace concentrations. Estimated take-home cumulative exposure estimates for weekly clothes handling over 25-year working durations were below 1 f/cc-year for handling work clothes contaminated in an occupational environment with full shift airborne chrysotile concentrations of up to 9 f/cc (8-h TWA).

21 CFR 129.40 - Equipment and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION PROCESSING AND BOTTLING OF BOTTLED DRINKING WATER Equipment § 129.40 Equipment... intended use. This includes all collection and storage tanks, piping, fittings, connections, bottle washers...

21 CFR 129.40 - Equipment and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION PROCESSING AND BOTTLING OF BOTTLED DRINKING WATER Equipment § 129.40 Equipment... intended use. This includes all collection and storage tanks, piping, fittings, connections, bottle washers...

DESIGN AND PROTOTYPE OF A SUSTAINABLE EGG-WASHER

EPA Science Inventory

This project is part of the senior design course for Engineering Science and Mechanics at Virginia Tech. Anticipated results will be a working prototype chosen from multiple designs. We will include test results supporting our selection. We will characterize the stresses ex...

77 FR 7127 - Notice of Petitions by Firms for Determination of Eligibility To Apply for Trade Adjustment...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-10

... equipment. Wittek Golf Supply Company, Inc.. 3865 Commercial Avenue, 2/6/2012 The company manufactures golf... golf-related products such as golf balls, ball washers, course signage, club grips, and golf tees. Any...

Clothing Matching for Visually Impaired Persons

PubMed Central

Yuan, Shuai; Tian, YingLi; Arditi, Aries

2012-01-01

Matching clothes is a challenging task for many blind people. In this paper, we present a proof of concept system to solve this problem. The system consists of 1) a camera connected to a computer to perform pattern and color matching process; 2) speech commands for system control and configuration; and 3) audio feedback to provide matching results for both color and patterns of clothes. This system can handle clothes in deficient color without any pattern, as well as clothing with multiple colors and complex patterns to aid both blind and color deficient people. Furthermore, our method is robust to variations of illumination, clothing rotation and wrinkling. To evaluate the proposed prototype, we collect two challenging databases including clothes without any pattern, or with multiple colors and different patterns under different conditions of lighting and rotation. Results reported here demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed clothing matching system. PMID:22523465

Prediction of clothing thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance of the clothed body walking in wind.

PubMed

Qian, Xiaoming; Fan, Jintu

2006-11-01

Clothing thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance are the two most important parameters in thermal environmental engineering, functional clothing design and end use of clothing ensembles. In this study, clothing thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance of various types of clothing ensembles were measured using the walking-able sweating manikin, Walter, under various environmental conditions and walking speeds. Based on an extensive experimental investigation and an improved understanding of the effects of body activities and environmental conditions, a simple but effective direct regression model has been established, for predicting the clothing thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance under wind and walking motion, from those when the manikin was standing in still air. The model has been validated by using experimental data reported in the previous literature. It has shown that the new models have advantages and provide very accurate prediction.

Image-Based Reverse Engineering and Visual Prototyping of Woven Cloth.

PubMed

Schroder, Kai; Zinke, Arno; Klein, Reinhard

2015-02-01

Realistic visualization of cloth has many applications in computer graphics. An ongoing research problem is how to best represent and capture cloth models, specifically when considering computer aided design of cloth. Previous methods produce highly realistic images, however, they are either difficult to edit or require the measurement of large databases to capture all variations of a cloth sample. We propose a pipeline to reverse engineer cloth and estimate a parametrized cloth model from a single image. We introduce a geometric yarn model, integrating state-of-the-art textile research. We present an automatic analysis approach to estimate yarn paths, yarn widths, their variation and a weave pattern. Several examples demonstrate that we are able to model the appearance of the original cloth sample. Properties derived from the input image give a physically plausible basis that is fully editable using a few intuitive parameters.

Clothing Matching for Visually Impaired Persons.

PubMed

Yuan, Shuai; Tian, Yingli; Arditi, Aries

2011-01-01

Matching clothes is a challenging task for many blind people. In this paper, we present a proof of concept system to solve this problem. The system consists of 1) a camera connected to a computer to perform pattern and color matching process; 2) speech commands for system control and configuration; and 3) audio feedback to provide matching results for both color and patterns of clothes. This system can handle clothes in deficient color without any pattern, as well as clothing with multiple colors and complex patterns to aid both blind and color deficient people. Furthermore, our method is robust to variations of illumination, clothing rotation and wrinkling. To evaluate the proposed prototype, we collect two challenging databases including clothes without any pattern, or with multiple colors and different patterns under different conditions of lighting and rotation. Results reported here demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed clothing matching system.

Dynamics of Clothing I. Curriculum Guide. A Family and Consumer Sciences Education Course of Study for Grades 9-12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hunger, Dean-Ellen, Ed.; Hancey, Helen-Louise; Hendrickson, Diane; Hicks, Camille; Munns, Barbara; Price, Barbara

This document is a six-unit curriculum guide for a high school (grades 9-12) course in clothing instruction. The units contain one to three lessons on the following topics: (1) psychology of clothing and appearance (role of clothing and clothing choices, personal grooming); (2) design principles (line and design, color); (3) construction…

Individual 3D measurements of end users to personalize work wear clothing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mielicka, E.; Napieralska, L.; Jasińska, I.; Jarzyna, V.

2017-10-01

Body silhouette 3D measurements need to be performed separately in each country due to significant ethnic differences in body silhouette which preclude the transfer of European data to particular countries. Systematic research allows to update information on the population body silhouette and body proportions as well as select the size changes possible to implement in clothing construction modifications. The diversity in body silhouettes and sizes as well as the issue of clothing fitting encourage clothing producers to provide work wear clothing based on individual measurements of the end users’ bodies. In the framework of the carried research, the group of construction workers was selected as the target group of the analysed work wear clothing users. 42 construction workers, men only, were measured. The body silhouette measurement process was non-contact and was carried out with the use of 3D body scanner. The collected data on the body silhouette allowed to select sizes used to construct the work wear clothing and identify the clothing size. The selected measurement points of the body silhouette underwent statistical analysis to determine the distribution of random variables, here body sizes. The variables distribution characteristics were calculated. On that basis, the fitting appraisal of work wear clothing with respect to the size of the finished product corresponding to the adequate size of individually measured worker/end user was performed. The size overview of the work wear clothing used by the specific professional group and the appraisal of the size fitting to the body silhouette took into consideration the work wear clothing ergonomic functionality with respect to the body posture when performing the tasks, design and clothing construction. The analysis based on the currently gathered end users’ remarks and objections concerning the clothing fitting and performed body silhouette measurements allows to modify the existing work wear clothing for the selected group of end users. The research was aimed at the improvement of the work wear clothing fitting thanks to personalization based on individual body measurements at the stage of construction design.

Can the PHS model (ISO7933) predict reasonable thermophysiological responses while wearing protective clothing in hot environments?

PubMed

Wang, Faming; Kuklane, Kalev; Gao, Chuansi; Holmér, Ingvar

2011-02-01

In this paper, the prediction accuracy of the PHS (predicted heat strain) model on human physiological responses while wearing protective clothing ensembles was examined. Six human subjects (aged 29 ± 3 years) underwent three experimental trials in three different protective garments (clothing thermal insulation I(cl) ranges from 0.63 to 2.01 clo) in two hot environments (40 °C, relative humidities: 30% and 45%). The observed and predicted mean skin temperature, core body temperature and sweat rate were presented and statistically compared. A significant difference was found in the metabolic rate between FIRE (firefighting clothing) and HV (high visibility clothing) or MIL (military clothing) (p < 0.001). Also, the development of heart rate demonstrated the significant effects of the exposure time and clothing ensembles. In addition, the predicted evaporation rate during HV, MIL and FIRE was much lower than the experimental values. Hence, the current PHS model is not applicable for protective clothing with intrinsic thermal insulations above 1.0 clo. The results showed that the PHS model generated unreliable predictions on body core temperature when human subjects wore thick protective clothing such as firefighting clothing (I(cl) > 1.0 clo). The predicted mean skin temperatures in three clothing ensembles HV, MIL and FIRE were also outside the expected limits. Thus, there is a need for further extension for the clothing insulation validation range of the PHS model. It is recommended that the PHS model should be amended and validated by individual algorithms, physical or physiological parameters, and further subject studies.

Effect of clothing weight on body weight.

PubMed

Whigham, L D; Schoeller, D A; Johnson, L K; Atkinson, R L

2013-01-01

In clinical settings, it is common to measure weight of clothed patients and estimate a correction for the weight of clothing, but we can find no papers in the medical literature regarding the variability in clothing weight of adults with weather, season and gender. Fifty adults (35 women) were weighed four times during a 12-month period with and without clothing. Clothing weights were determined and regressed against minimum, maximum and average daily outdoor temperature. The average clothing weight (±s.d.) throughout the year was significantly greater in men than in women (1.2±0.3 vs 0.8±0.3 kg, P<0.0001). The average within-person minimum and the average within-person maximum clothing weights across the year were 0.9±0.2 and 1.5±0.4 kg for men, and 0.5±0.2 and 1.1±0.4 kg for women, respectively. The within-person s.d. in clothing weight was 0.3 kg for both men and women. Over the 55 °C range in the lowest to the highest outdoor temperatures, the regressions predicted a maximal change in clothing weight of only 0.4 kg in women and 0.6 kg in men. The clothing weight of men is significantly greater than that of women, but there is little variability throughout the year. Therefore, a clothing adjustment of approximately 0.8 kg for women and 1.2 kg for men is appropriate regardless of outdoor temperature.

Will Astronauts Wash Clothes on the Way to Mars?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ewert, Michael K.; Jeng, Frank F.

2015-01-01

Future human space exploration missions will lengthen to years, and keeping crews clothed without a huge resupply burden is an important consideration for habitation systems. A space laundry system could be the solution; however, the resources it uses must be accounted for and must win out over the reliable practice of simply bringing along enough spare underwear. NASA has conducted trade-off studies through its Logistics Reduction Project to compare current space clothing systems, life extension of that clothing, traditional water-based clothes washing, and other sanitizing techniques. The best clothing system depends on the mission and assumptions but, in general, analysis results indicate that washing clothes on space missions will start to pay off as mission durations approach a year.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hamza, H.

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a directorate of LLNL, a DOE Lab, and is home to the world’s largest laser. This laser shoots its 192 beams at a target about the size of a pencil eraser. Within the target are two main chambers; and depending on the type of shot, those chambers need to be pressurized to a certain point at a very low temperature (18 Kelvin). The component used for keeping the hohlraum at its designated pressure is a Laser Entrance Hole (LEH) window, made from a thin (0.5um) polyimide film and an aluminum washer attached with amore » miniscule amount of polymeric adhesive. One issue that has been known to happen is the chambers will leak, at very low rates (5.0E-7 mBar-liter/s and under). At higher pressures significantly larger leak rates have been observed.There are three proposed mechanisms by which the LEH windows are leaking. The first is that there is a small pinhole somewhere in the freestanding film. This is the most unlikely because before any film is shipped from Luxel, it must pass a 50-75 torr room temperature pressure test. The second is a tear in the film at the edge of the washer. This type of damage suggests that the film is under additional stress at this edge portion and/or the edge of the washer itself is what is doing the damage. Lastly, it has been hypothesized that there are small channels under the window that do not get completely filled by the glue and, if they connect to the edge of the freestanding portion of the film, then the pressure can escape through them. These channels were the mechanism being most directly tested over the course of the experiments.« less

Cleaning of parts for new manufacturing and parts rebuilding

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doherty, Jeff

1994-06-01

Parts cleaning is the largest single expense, and the most time consuming activity, in rebuilding and new manufacturing. On average, 25% to 40% of the total labor and overhead burden is spent on cleaning. EPA and OSHA pressures add to the burden by making some methods and chemicals obsolete. Some of the processes and chemicals in current use will be curtailed and or outlawed in the future. How can a shops and industries make long term decisions or capital investments in cleaning and process improvements when the government keeps changing its rules? At the MART Corporation in Saint Louis, Missouri, we manufacture a line of cabinet-style batch cleaning machines known as Power Washers. Twenty years ago MART invented and patented the Power Washer process, a cleaning method that recycles wash solution and blasts contaminates as they are washed off the more heavily contaminated parts. Since the initial invention MART has continued to R&D the washing process and develop ancillary systems that comply with EPA and OSHA regulations. For applications involving new industrial parts or items requiring specification cleaned surfaces. MART provides filtration and solution conditioning systems, part drying operations, and triple rinsing. Units are available in stainless steel or higher alloys. We are not alone in the washer manufacturing business. You have many choices of cleaning solutions (no pun intended) which will perform in your operations and yield good results. As a manufacturer, we are interested in your success with our equipment. We have all heard the horror stories of companies having selected inappropriate cleaning systems and or processes which then brought the company to its knees, production wise. Assembly, appearance, warranty, and performance shortcomings of finished products can often be directly related to the cleaning process and its shortcomings.

Clothing Flammability and Burn Injuries: Public Opinion Concerning an Overlooked, Preventable Public Health Problem.

PubMed

Frattaroli, Shannon; Spivak, Steven M; Pollack, Keshia M; Gielen, Andrea C; Salomon, Michele; Damant, Gordon H

2016-01-01

The objective of this study was to describe knowledge of clothing flammability risk, public support for clothing flammability warning labels, and stronger regulation to reduce the risk. As part of a national survey of homeowners about residential sprinkler systems, the authors included questions about clothing flammability. The authors used an online web panel to sample homeowners and descriptive methods to analyze the resulting data. The sample included 2333 homeowners. Knowledge of clothing flammability and government oversight of clothing flammability risk was low. Homeowners were evenly split about the effectiveness of current standards; however, when presented with clothing-related burn injury and death data, a majority (53%) supported stricter standards. Most homeowners (64%) supported warning labels and indicated that such labels would either have no effect on their purchasing decisions (64%) or be an incentive (24%) to purchase an item. Owners of sprinkler-equipped homes were more likely to support these interventions than owners of homes without sprinkler systems. Public knowledge about clothing flammability risks is low. Most homeowners supported clothing labels to inform consumers of this risk and increased government intervention to reduce the risk.

Reeling in the textiles at Row Clothing Enterprises

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ridgley, H.

1997-12-01

While a handful of textile processing centers in operation today can date their roots back to the turn of this century or before, Row Clothing Enterprises (Baltimore) first opened its doors in 1985. Soon after, it climbed its way to becoming one of the premier textile processing businesses in the country. And what they want most of all is usable clothing--the discards of American secondhand clothing stores. The company exports 100% of the usable clothing it recovers paying institutions as much as $150 a ton for the material. Graders also sort the material into piles headed for the mutilating, ormore » fiber-shredding, machine. While not all the material is shredded, it does provide more opportunities for resale. Whatever Row cannot resell as clothing--because it is soiled or torn--gets processed into industrial wiping cloths, if it is cotton. Clothing made from wool and polyester is sent to woolen and polyester fiber mills to be made into new clothing. While 80% of Row`s wiper market is domestic, 80% of its fiber market is overseas.« less

Clothing Preferences of Older Women: Implications for Gerontology and the American Clothing Industry.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spruiell, Phyllis R.; Jernigan, Marian

1982-01-01

Investigated the clothing preferences and problems of older women, using personal interviews. Presents results of preferred styles in detail. Discusses implications of the research for gerontologists in higher education and for the American clothing industry. (RC)

The development and initial validation of a virtual dripping sweat rate and a clothing wetness ratio for use in predictive heat strain models.

PubMed

Kubota, H; Kuwabara, K; Hamada, Y

2014-08-01

This paper applies the heat balance equation (HBE) for clothed subjects as a linear function of mean skin temperature (t sk ) by a new sweating efficiency (η sw ) and an approximation for the thermoregulatory sweat rate. The equation predicting t sk in steady state conditions was derived as the solution of the HBE and used for a predictive heat strain scale. The heat loss from the wet clothing (WCL) area was identified with a new variable of 'virtual dripping sweat rate VDSR' (S wdr ). This is a subject's un-evaporated sweat rate in dry clothing from the regional sweat rate exceeding the maximum evaporative capacity, and adds the moisture to the clothing, reducing the intrinsic clothing insulation. The S wdr allowed a mass balance analysis of the wet clothing area identified as clothing wetness (w cl ). The w cl was derived by combining the HBE at the WCL surface from which the evaporation rate and skin heat loss from WCL region are given. Experimental results on eight young male subjects wearing typical summer clothing, T-shirt and trousers verified the model for predicting t sk with WCL thermal resistance (R cl,w ) identified as 25 % of dry clothing (R cl,d ).

The development and initial validation of a virtual dripping sweat rate and a clothing wetness ratio for use in predictive heat strain models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kubota, H.; Kuwabara, K.; Hamada, Y.

2014-08-01

This paper applies the heat balance equation (HBE) for clothed subjects as a linear function of mean skin temperature ( t sk ) by a new sweating efficiency ( η sw ) and an approximation for the thermoregulatory sweat rate. The equation predicting t sk in steady state conditions was derived as the solution of the HBE and used for a predictive heat strain scale. The heat loss from the wet clothing (WCL) area was identified with a new variable of `virtual dripping sweat rate VDSR' ( S wdr ). This is a subject's un-evaporated sweat rate in dry clothing from the regional sweat rate exceeding the maximum evaporative capacity, and adds the moisture to the clothing, reducing the intrinsic clothing insulation. The S wdr allowed a mass balance analysis of the wet clothing area identified as clothing wetness ( w cl ). The w cl was derived by combining the HBE at the WCL surface from which the evaporation rate and skin heat loss from WCL region are given. Experimental results on eight young male subjects wearing typical summer clothing, T-shirt and trousers verified the model for predicting t sk with WCL thermal resistance ( R cl,w ) identified as 25 % of dry clothing ( R cl,d ).

Cadmium plated steel caps seal anodized aluminum fittings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Padden, J.

1971-01-01

Cadmium prevents fracturing of hard anodic coating under torquing to system specification requirements, prevents galvanic coupling, and eliminates need for crush washers, which, though commonly used in industry, do not correct leakage problem experienced when anodized aluminum fittings and anodized aluminum cap assemblies are joined.

Lockwasher Strongly Resists Disassembly

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jeffers, Stephanie Z.

1991-01-01

Lockwasher designed to prevent counter-rotation and loosening of machine screw once screw tightened. Tabs engage slots in pawl-and-ratchet fashion. Features similar to those of "childproof" cap on pill bottle. Intended to replace cup-washer-and-screwhead combination exposed to high-speed, turbulent flow in turbomachinery.

78 FR 10636 - Large Residential Washers From Korea and Mexico

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-14

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation Nos. 701-TA-488 and 731-TA-1199-1200 (Final)] Large... subject investigations, the United States International Trade Commission (Commission) determines, pursuant... notice in the Office of the Secretary, U.S. International Trade Commission, Washington, DC, and by...

Energy Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gaddy, Carol T., Ed.; Wells, Kathy, Ed.

This collection of reprints offers practical solutions, not readily available elsewhere, to everyday energy problems, such as high utility bills, insulating windows, getting more gas mileage, or buying a more efficient washer or refrigerator. The Arkansas Energy Office provides a weekly column of energy news and conservation tips to newspapers,…

40 CFR 60.621 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... the Act and in subpart A of this part. Cartridge filter means a discrete filter unit containing both filter paper and activated carbon that traps and removes contaminants from petroleum solvent, together... cleaning facility that uses petroleum solvent in a combination of washers, dryers, filters, stills, and...

40 CFR 60.451 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...-coated metal range, oven, microwave oven, refrigerator, freezer, washer, dryer, dishwasher, water heater... submerged in a tank filled with coating material suspended in water and an electrical potential is used to... is fused into a continuous coating film through the use of heat. Spray booth means the structure...

40 CFR 60.451 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...-coated metal range, oven, microwave oven, refrigerator, freezer, washer, dryer, dishwasher, water heater... submerged in a tank filled with coating material suspended in water and an electrical potential is used to... is fused into a continuous coating film through the use of heat. Spray booth means the structure...

40 CFR 60.451 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...-coated metal range, oven, microwave oven, refrigerator, freezer, washer, dryer, dishwasher, water heater... submerged in a tank filled with coating material suspended in water and an electrical potential is used to... is fused into a continuous coating film through the use of heat. Spray booth means the structure...

40 CFR 60.451 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...-coated metal range, oven, microwave oven, refrigerator, freezer, washer, dryer, dishwasher, water heater... submerged in a tank filled with coating material suspended in water and an electrical potential is used to... is fused into a continuous coating film through the use of heat. Spray booth means the structure...

40 CFR 60.451 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...-coated metal range, oven, microwave oven, refrigerator, freezer, washer, dryer, dishwasher, water heater... submerged in a tank filled with coating material suspended in water and an electrical potential is used to... is fused into a continuous coating film through the use of heat. Spray booth means the structure...

40 CFR 60.621 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... the Act and in subpart A of this part. Cartridge filter means a discrete filter unit containing both filter paper and activated carbon that traps and removes contaminants from petroleum solvent, together... cleaning facility that uses petroleum solvent in a combination of washers, dryers, filters, stills, and...

40 CFR 60.621 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the Act and in subpart A of this part. Cartridge filter means a discrete filter unit containing both filter paper and activated carbon that traps and removes contaminants from petroleum solvent, together... cleaning facility that uses petroleum solvent in a combination of washers, dryers, filters, stills, and...

40 CFR 60.621 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... the Act and in subpart A of this part. Cartridge filter means a discrete filter unit containing both filter paper and activated carbon that traps and removes contaminants from petroleum solvent, together... cleaning facility that uses petroleum solvent in a combination of washers, dryers, filters, stills, and...

40 CFR 60.621 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the Act and in subpart A of this part. Cartridge filter means a discrete filter unit containing both filter paper and activated carbon that traps and removes contaminants from petroleum solvent, together... cleaning facility that uses petroleum solvent in a combination of washers, dryers, filters, stills, and...

36. EASTERN VIEW OF BOTTOM CONE OF GAS COOLING TOWER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

36. EASTERN VIEW OF BOTTOM CONE OF GAS COOLING TOWER No. 1 AND TWO GAS COOLING TOWER SERVICE WATER PUMPS IN THE GAS WASHER PUMP HOUSE. - U.S. Steel Duquesne Works, Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Plant, Along Monongahela River, Duquesne, Allegheny County, PA

20. INTERIOR OF UTILITY ROOM SHOWING OPEN DOORWAY TO KITCHEN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

20. INTERIOR OF UTILITY ROOM SHOWING OPEN DOORWAY TO KITCHEN AT PHOTO LEFT, JUNCTION BOXES AT UPPER PHOTO CENTER, AND PLUMBING FOR WASHER AT PHOTO RIGHT. VIEW TO EAST. - Bishop Creek Hydroelectric System, Plant 4, Worker Cottage, Bishop Creek, Bishop, Inyo County, CA

30 CFR 75.1723 - Stationary grinding machines; protective devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Stationary grinding machines; protective....1723 Stationary grinding machines; protective devices. (a) Stationary grinding machines other than... the wheel. (3) Safety washers. (b) Grinding wheels shall be operated within the specifications of the...

30 CFR 75.1723 - Stationary grinding machines; protective devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Stationary grinding machines; protective....1723 Stationary grinding machines; protective devices. (a) Stationary grinding machines other than... the wheel. (3) Safety washers. (b) Grinding wheels shall be operated within the specifications of the...

A new rabbit model of implant-related biofilm infection: development and evaluation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chu, Cheng-Bing; Zeng, Hong; Shen, Ding-Xia; Wang, Hui; Wang, Ji-Fang; Cui, Fu-Zhai

2016-03-01

This study is to establish a rabbit model for human prosthetic joint infection and biofilm formation. Thirty-two healthy adult rabbits were randomly divided into four groups and implanted with stainless steel screws and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) washers in the non-articular surface of the femoral lateral condyle of the right hind knees. The rabbit knee joints were inoculated with 1 mL saline containing 0, 102, 103, 104 CFU of Staphylococcus epidermidis ( S. epidermidis) isolated from the patient with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) infection, respectively. On the 14th postoperative day, the UHMWPE washers from the optimal 103 CFU group were further examined. The SEM examination showed a typical biofilm construction that circular S. epidermidis were embedded in a mucous-like matrix. In addition, the LCSM examination showed that the biofilm consisted of the polysaccharide stained bright green fluorescence and S. epidermidis radiating red fluorescence. Thus, we successfully create a rabbit model for prosthetic joint infection and biofilm formation, which should be valuable for biofilm studies.

Design and development of progressive tool for manufacturing washer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Annigeri, Ulhas K.; Raghavendra Ravi Kiran, K.; Deepthi, Y. P.

2017-07-01

In a progressive tool the raw material is worked at different station to finally fabricate the component. A progressive tool is a lucrative tool for mass production of components. A lot of automobile and other transport industries develop progressive tool for the production of components. The design of tool involves lot of planning and the same amount of skill of process planning is required in the fabrication of the tool. The design also involves use of thumb rules and standard elements as per experience gained in practice. Manufacturing the press tool is a laborious task as special jigs and fixtures have to be designed for the purpose. Assembly of all the press tool elements is another task where use of accurate measuring instruments for alignment of various tool elements is important. In the present study, design and fabrication of progressive press tool for production of washer has been developed and the press tool has been tried out on a mechanical type of press. The components produced are to dimensions.

Clothing and Attributions Concerning Sexual Harassment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Kim K. P.; Workman, Jane E.

1992-01-01

Photographs shown to 98 male and 102 female students illustrated provocative versus nonprovocative clothing on both men and women. Subjects rated provocative clothing more likely to induce sexual harassment. Females who had not experienced harassment rated those wearing nonprovocative clothing unlikely to be harassed. (SK)

Clothing-related burns in New South Wales, Australia: impact of legislation on a continuing problem.

PubMed

Harvey, Lara A; Connolley, Siobhan; Harvey, John G

2015-02-01

To combat the risk of nightwear burns a mandatory standard regulating the design, flammability and labelling requirements of children's nightwear was introduced in Australia in 1987. This population-based study examined the trends, characteristics and causes of clothing-related burns to inform a review of the current standard, and to facilitate the development of targeted prevention strategies. Clothing-related burns for 1998-2013 were identified from hospitalisation data for all hospitals in NSW and detailed information regarding circumstance of injury from a burn data registry. To investigate percentage annual change (PAC) in trends negative binomial regression analysis was performed. There were 541 hospitalisations for clothing-related burns, 18% were nightwear-related and 82% were for other clothing. All clothing burns decreased by an estimated 4% per year (95% CI -6.2 to -2.1). Nightwear-related burns decreased by a significantly higher rate (PAC -7.4%; 95% CI -12.5 to -2.1) than other clothing (PAC -2.5%; 95%CI -4.7 to -0.1). Exposure to open heat source (campfire/bonfire) was the most common cause, followed by cooking. Of factors known to be associated with clothing burns, accelerant use was reported in 27% of cases, cigarettes 17%, loose skirt or dress 8%, and angle grinders in 6% of cases. Hospitalisations for clothing burns are relatively uncommon in NSW and rates, particularly of nightwear burns, have decreased over the last 15 years. Strategies for continued reduction of these injuries include increasing the scope of the current clothing standard or developing new standards to include all children's clothing and adult nightwear, and increasing community awareness of the risk associated with open heat sources, accelerant use and loose clothing. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.

Expansion of effective wet bulb globe temperature for vapor impermeable protective clothing.

PubMed

Sakoi, Tomonori; Mochida, Tohru; Kurazumi, Yoshihito; Sawada, Shin-Ichi; Horiba, Yosuke; Kuwabara, Kohei

2018-01-01

The wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) is an effective measure for risk screening to prevent heat dISOrders. However, a heat risk evaluation by WBGT requires adjustments depending on the clothing. In this study, we proposed a new effective WBGT (WBGT eff * ) for general vapor permeable clothing ensembles and vapor impermeable protective clothing that is applicable to occupants engaged in moderate intensity work with a metabolic heat production value of around 174W/m 2 . WBGT eff * enables the conversion of heat stress into the scale experienced by the occupant dressed in the basic clothing ensemble (work clothes) based on the heat balances for a human body. We confirmed that WBGT eff * was effective for expressing the critical thermal environments for the prescriptive zones for occupants wearing vapor impermeable protective clothing. Based on WBGT eff * , we succeeded in clarifying how the weights for natural wet bulb, globe, and air temperatures and the intercept changed depending on clothing properties and the surrounding environmental factors when heat stress is expressed by the weighted sum of natural wet bulb, globe, and air temperatures and the intercept. The weight of environmental temperatures (globe and air temperatures) for WBGT eff * for vapor impermeable protective clothing increased compared with that for general vapor permeable clothing, whereas that of the natural wet bulb temperature decreased. For WBGT eff * in outdoor conditions with a solar load, the weighting ratio of globe temperature increased and that of air temperature decreased with air velocity. Approximation equations of WBGT eff * were proposed for both general vapor permeable clothing ensembles and for vapor impermeable protective clothing. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of take-home exposure and risk associated with the handling of clothing contaminated with chrysotile asbestos.

PubMed

Sahmel, J; Barlow, C A; Simmons, B; Gaffney, S H; Avens, H J; Madl, A K; Henshaw, J; Lee, R J; Van Orden, D; Sanchez, M; Zock, M; Paustenbach, D J

2014-08-01

The potential for para-occupational (or take-home) exposures from contaminated clothing has been recognized for the past 60 years. To better characterize the take-home asbestos exposure pathway, a study was performed to measure the relationship between airborne chrysotile concentrations in the workplace, the contamination of work clothing, and take-home exposures and risks. The study included air sampling during two activities: (1) contamination of work clothing by airborne chrysotile (i.e., loading the clothing), and (2) handling and shaking out of the clothes. The clothes were contaminated at three different target airborne chrysotile concentrations (0-0.1 fibers per cubic centimeter [f/cc], 1-2 f/cc, and 2-4 f/cc; two events each for 31-43 minutes; six events total). Arithmetic mean concentrations for the three target loading levels were 0.01 f/cc, 1.65 f/cc, and 2.84 f/cc (National Institute of Occupational Health and Safety [NIOSH] 7402). Following the loading events, six matched 30-minute clothes-handling and shake-out events were conducted, each including 15 minutes of active handling (15-minute means; 0.014-0.097 f/cc) and 15 additional minutes of no handling (30-minute means; 0.006-0.063 f/cc). Percentages of personal clothes-handling TWAs relative to clothes-loading TWAs were calculated for event pairs to characterize exposure potential during daily versus weekly clothes-handling activity. Airborne concentrations for the clothes handler were 0.2-1.4% (eight-hour TWA or daily ratio) and 0.03-0.27% (40-hour TWA or weekly ratio) of loading TWAs. Cumulative chrysotile doses for clothes handling at airborne concentrations tested were estimated to be consistent with lifetime cumulative chrysotile doses associated with ambient air exposure (range for take-home or ambient doses: 0.00044-0.105 f/cc year). © 2014 Society for Risk Analysis.

46 CFR 160.049-3 - Materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

.... Cotton fabrics and coated upholstery cloth meeting the minimum requirements set forth in paragraphs (c... Type I, Class 3 material. (2) Coated upholstery cloth. Coated upholstery cloth shall comply with the..., class I, laminated vinyl-nylon high strength cloth in accordance with the requirements of Specification...

46 CFR 160.049-3 - Materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

.... Cotton fabrics and coated upholstery cloth meeting the minimum requirements set forth in paragraphs (c... Type I, Class 3 material. (2) Coated upholstery cloth. Coated upholstery cloth shall comply with the..., class I, laminated vinyl-nylon high strength cloth in accordance with the requirements of Specification...

46 CFR 160.077-5 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., Breaking of Woven Cloth; Grab Method. (ii) Method 5132, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Falling-Pendulum Method. (iii) Method 5134, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Tongue Method. (iv) Method 5804.1, Weathering Resistance of Cloth; Accelerated Weathering Method. (v) Method 5762, Mildew Resistance of Textile Materials...

46 CFR 160.077-5 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Elongation, Breaking of Woven Cloth; Grab Method. (2) Method 5132, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Falling-Pendulum Method. (3) Method 5134, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Tongue Method. (4) Method 5804.1, Weathering Resistance of Cloth; Accelerated Weathering Method. (5) Method 5762, Mildew Resistance of Textile Materials...

46 CFR 160.077-5 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., Breaking of Woven Cloth; Grab Method. (ii) Method 5132, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Falling-Pendulum Method. (iii) Method 5134, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Tongue Method. (iv) Method 5804.1, Weathering Resistance of Cloth; Accelerated Weathering Method. (v) Method 5762, Mildew Resistance of Textile Materials...

46 CFR 160.049-3 - Materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

.... Cotton fabrics and coated upholstery cloth meeting the minimum requirements set forth in paragraphs (c... Type I, Class 3 material. (2) Coated upholstery cloth. Coated upholstery cloth shall comply with the..., class I, laminated vinyl-nylon high strength cloth in accordance with the requirements of Specification...

46 CFR 160.077-5 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Elongation, Breaking of Woven Cloth; Grab Method. (2) Method 5132, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Falling-Pendulum Method. (3) Method 5134, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Tongue Method. (4) Method 5804.1, Weathering Resistance of Cloth; Accelerated Weathering Method. (5) Method 5762, Mildew Resistance of Textile Materials...

10 CFR 850.29 - Protective clothing and equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

....132, Personal Protective Equipment General Requirements, when workers use personal protective clothing... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Protective clothing and equipment. 850.29 Section 850.29... § 850.29 Protective clothing and equipment. (a) The responsible employer must provide protective...

10 CFR 850.29 - Protective clothing and equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

....132, Personal Protective Equipment General Requirements, when workers use personal protective clothing... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Protective clothing and equipment. 850.29 Section 850.29... § 850.29 Protective clothing and equipment. (a) The responsible employer must provide protective...

High-Accuracy Measurement of Small Movement of an Object behind Cloth Using Airborne Ultrasound

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoshiba, Kotaro; Hirata, Shinnosuke; Hachiya, Hiroyuki

2013-07-01

The acoustic measurement of vital information such as breathing and heartbeat in the standing position whilst the subject is wearing clothes is a difficult problem. In this paper, we present the basic experimental results to measure small movement of an object behind cloth. We measured acoustic characteristics of various types of cloth to obtain the transmission loss through cloth. To observe the relationship between measurement error and target speed under a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), we tried to measure the movement of an object behind cloth. The target was placed apart from the cloth to separate the target reflection from the cloth reflection. We found that a small movement of less than 6 mm/s could be observed using the M-sequence, moving target indicator (MTI) filter, and tracking phase difference, when the SNR was less than 0 dB. We also present the results of theoretical error analysis in the MTI filter and phase tracking for high-accuracy measurement. Characteristics of the systematic error were clarified.

Effect of clothing material on thermal responses of the human body

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fengzhi, Li; Yi, Li

2005-09-01

The influence of clothing material on thermal responses of the human body are investigated by using an integrated model of a clothed thermoregulatory human body. A modified 25-nodes model considering the sweat accumulation on the skin surface is applied to simulate the human physiological regulatory responses. The heat and moisture coupled transfer mechanisms, including water vapour diffusion, the moisture evaporation/condensation, the moisture sorbtion/desorption by fibres, liquid sweat transfer under capillary pressure, and latent heat absorption/release due to phase change, are considered in the clothing model. On comparing prediction results with the experimental data in the literature, the proposed model seems able to predict dynamic heat and moisture transfer between the human body and the clothing system. The human body's thermal responses and clothing temperature and moisture variations are compared for different clothing materials during transient periods. We concluded that the hygroscopicity of clothing materials influences the human thermoregulation process significantly during environmental transients.

Non-iterative distance constraints enforcement for cloth drapes simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hidajat, R. L. L. G.; Wibowo, Arifin, Z.; Suyitno

2016-03-01

A cloth simulation represents the behavior of cloth objects such as flag, tablecloth, or even garments has application in clothing animation for games and virtual shops. Elastically deformable models have widely used to provide realistic and efficient simulation, however problem of overstretching is encountered. We introduce a new cloth simulation algorithm that replaces iterative distance constraint enforcement steps with non-iterative ones for preventing over stretching in a spring-mass system for cloth modeling. Our method is based on a simple position correction procedure applied at one end of a spring. In our experiments, we developed a rectangle cloth model which is initially at a horizontal position with one point is fixed, and it is allowed to drape by its own weight. Our simulation is able to achieve a plausible cloth drapes as in reality. This paper aims to demonstrate the reliability of our approach to overcome overstretches while decreasing the computational cost of the constraint enforcement process due to an iterative procedure that is eliminated.

Validation of the principles of injury risk zones for motorcycle protective clothing.

PubMed

de Rome, Liz; Meredith, Lauren; Ivers, Rebecca; Brown, Julie

2014-09-01

The distributions of motorcycle crash impacts and injuries were compared to the four impact risk zones and protective performance specified in the European Standard for motorcycle clothing (EN 13595). Crashed motorcyclists' (n=117) injuries and clothing damage were categorized by body area into the four risk zones. Three levels of protection were defined: protective clothing with impact protection, protective clothing only and non-protective clothing. The distribution of impact/injury sites corresponded to the predictions of EN 13595, with the proportion of all injuries decreasing from 43.9% in Zone 1, to 18.0%, 16.7%, and 11.5% in Zones 2 to 4, respectively. Protective clothing modified the distribution of injuries with substantially more injuries (OR=2.69, 95% CL: 20.1-3.59) at unprotected impact sites. These findings support an appropriate framework for determining performance specifications for the manufacture of motorcycle clothing that will effectively reduce the risk of injury in crashes. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measurements of clothing evaporative resistance using a sweating thermal manikin: an overview

PubMed Central

WANG, Faming

2017-01-01

Evaporative resistance has been widely used to describe the evaporative heat transfer property of clothing. It is also a critical variable in heat stress models for predicting human physiological responses in various environmental conditions. At present, sweating thermal manikins provide a fast and cost-effective way to determine clothing evaporative resistance. Unfortunately, the measurement repeatability and reproducibility of evaporative resistance are rather low due to the complicated moisture transfer processes through clothing. This review article presents a systematical overview on major influential factors affecting the measurement precision of clothing evaporative resistance measurements. It also illustrates the state-of-the-art knowledge on the development of test protocol to measure clothing evaporative resistance by means of a sweating manikin. Some feasible and robust test procedures for measurement of clothing evaporative resistance using a sweating manikin are described. Recommendations on how to improve the measurement accuracy of clothing evaporative resistance are addressed and expected future trends on development of advanced sweating thermal manikins are finally presented. PMID:28566566

Forces required for a knife to penetrate a variety of clothing types.

PubMed

Nolan, Gary; Hainsworth, Sarah V; Rutty, Guy N

2013-03-01

In stabbing incidents, it is usual for the victim to be clothed and therefore a knife penetrates both clothes and skin. Clothes (other than leather) have been thought to make little difference to the penetration force. However, there is little quantitative data in the literature. In this study, a range of clothes have been tested, either singly or in layers of, for example, T-shirt and shirt, to quantify the additional force required when clothes are present. A materials testing system has been used to test the penetration force required to stab through clothes into a foam-silicone rubber skin simulant. The results show that the force required can be significantly different, particularly when layers of clothing are penetrated. A cotton t-shirt adds c. 8 N to the penetration force, while a T-shirt and jacket can add an additional 21 N. The results allow a more quantitative assessment of forces required in stabbing. © 2012 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

A cluster randomised trial of cloth masks compared with medical masks in healthcare workers.

PubMed

MacIntyre, C Raina; Seale, Holly; Dung, Tham Chi; Hien, Nguyen Tran; Nga, Phan Thi; Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad; Rahman, Bayzidur; Dwyer, Dominic E; Wang, Quanyi

2015-04-22

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of cloth masks to medical masks in hospital healthcare workers (HCWs). The null hypothesis is that there is no difference between medical masks and cloth masks. 14 secondary-level/tertiary-level hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. 1607 hospital HCWs aged ≥18 years working full-time in selected high-risk wards. Hospital wards were randomised to: medical masks, cloth masks or a control group (usual practice, which included mask wearing). Participants used the mask on every shift for 4 consecutive weeks. Clinical respiratory illness (CRI), influenza-like illness (ILI) and laboratory-confirmed respiratory virus infection. The rates of all infection outcomes were highest in the cloth mask arm, with the rate of ILI statistically significantly higher in the cloth mask arm (relative risk (RR)=13.00, 95% CI 1.69 to 100.07) compared with the medical mask arm. Cloth masks also had significantly higher rates of ILI compared with the control arm. An analysis by mask use showed ILI (RR=6.64, 95% CI 1.45 to 28.65) and laboratory-confirmed virus (RR=1.72, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.94) were significantly higher in the cloth masks group compared with the medical masks group. Penetration of cloth masks by particles was almost 97% and medical masks 44%. This study is the first RCT of cloth masks, and the results caution against the use of cloth masks. This is an important finding to inform occupational health and safety. Moisture retention, reuse of cloth masks and poor filtration may result in increased risk of infection. Further research is needed to inform the widespread use of cloth masks globally. However, as a precautionary measure, cloth masks should not be recommended for HCWs, particularly in high-risk situations, and guidelines need to be updated. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12610000887077. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

The professional clothing bank as evidence-based practice.

PubMed

Bishop, SueZanne Monique

2015-01-01

Little research exists linking interview-appropriate attire to improved employment outcomes for women. Thus, it appears that the professional clothing bank has not been investigated as evidence-based practice. To provide preliminary evidence for clothing banks, in this article the author synthesizes findings from existing research on the provision of a professional clothing bank as a means for offering interview-appropriate attire to poor women in job readiness programming. For context, job readiness programs are explored and a case study of one program operating a professional clothing bank is presented. Finally, preliminary considerations for planning and implementing clothing banks based on this literature review are given.

Guidelines for the selection of chemical-protective clothing. Volume 1. (3rd Edition). Report for January 1985-May 1987

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schwope, A.D.; Costas, P.P.; Jackson, J.O.

1987-02-01

A variety of protective-clothing items are commerically available for emergency response and other applications where chemical hazards may be encountered. Data and information for selecting chemical-protective clothing is either not available or is inconsistant from source to source. In 1983, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored the development of chemical-protective clothing selection guidelines to assist their own Office of Health and Safety in providing guidance to personnel, primarily EPA employees and contractors, working on hazardous-waste sites. These guidelines allowed a user to select an appropriate protective material for a specific chemical, select a clothing item (glove, suit, etc.) and thenmore » determine which manufacturers offered the clothing item in the selected material. The U.S. Coast Guard Office of Research and Development and the EPA have supplemented these guidelines with additional data on material chemical resistance, material physical properties, clothing design features, and specific-vendor products. A chapter has been added for selecting chemical protective suits. These guidelines contain data for over 750 chemicals and 700 clothing products. Volume I provides the performance information and recommendations for selecting different types of protective clothing.« less

Maximum allowable exposure to different heat radiation levels in three types of heat protective clothing

PubMed Central

HEUS, Ronald; DENHARTOG, Emiel A.

2017-01-01

To determine safe working conditions in emergency situations at petro-chemical plants in the Netherlands a study was performed on three protective clothing combinations (operator’s, firefighter’s and aluminized). The clothing was evaluated at four different heat radiation levels (3.0, 4.6, 6.3 and 10.0 k∙W∙m−2) in standing and walking posture with a thermal manikin RadMan™. Time till pain threshold (43°C) is set as a cut-off criterion for regular activities. Operator’s clothing did not fulfil requirements to serve as protective clothing for necessary activities at heat radiation levels above 1.5 k∙W∙m−2 as was stated earlier by Den Hartog and Heus1). With firefighter’s clothing it was possible to work almost three min up to 4.6 k∙W∙m−2. At higher heat radiation levels firefighter’s clothing gave insufficient protection and aluminized clothing should be used. Maximum working times in aluminized clothing at 6.3 k∙W∙m−2 was about five min. At levels of 10.0 k∙W∙m−2 (emergency conditions) emergency responders should move immediately to lower heat radiation levels. PMID:28978903

Clothing Protection from Ultraviolet Radiation: A New Method for Assessment.

PubMed

Gage, Ryan; Leung, William; Stanley, James; Reeder, Anthony; Barr, Michelle; Chambers, Tim; Smith, Moira; Signal, Louise

2017-11-01

Clothing modifies ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure from the sun and has an impact on skin cancer risk and the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D. There is no standardized method available for assessing body surface area (BSA) covered by clothing, which limits generalizability between study findings. We calculated the body cover provided by 38 clothing items using diagrams of BSA, adjusting the values to account for differences in BSA by age. Diagrams displaying each clothing item were developed and incorporated into a coverage assessment procedure (CAP). Five assessors used the CAP and Lund & Browder chart, an existing method for estimating BSA, to calculate the clothing coverage of an image sample of 100 schoolchildren. Values of clothing coverage, inter-rater reliability and assessment time were compared between CAP and Lund & Browder methods. Both methods had excellent inter-rater reliability (>0.90) and returned comparable results, although the CAP method was significantly faster in determining a person's clothing coverage. On balance, the CAP method appears to be a feasible method for calculating clothing coverage. Its use could improve comparability between sun-safety studies and aid in quantifying the health effects of UVR exposure. © 2017 The American Society of Photobiology.

Effect of clothing weight on body weight

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Background: In clinical settings, it is common to measure weight of clothed patients and estimate a correction for the weight of clothing, but we can find no papers in the medical literature regarding the variability in clothing weight with weather, season, and gender. Methods: Fifty adults (35 wom...

46 CFR 153.933 - Chemical protective clothing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Chemical protective clothing. 153.933 Section 153.933... § 153.933 Chemical protective clothing. When table 1 refers to this section, the following apply: (a) The master shall ensure that the following chemical protective clothing constructed of materials...

46 CFR 153.933 - Chemical protective clothing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Chemical protective clothing. 153.933 Section 153.933... § 153.933 Chemical protective clothing. When table 1 refers to this section, the following apply: (a) The master shall ensure that the following chemical protective clothing constructed of materials...

46 CFR 153.933 - Chemical protective clothing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Chemical protective clothing. 153.933 Section 153.933... § 153.933 Chemical protective clothing. When table 1 refers to this section, the following apply: (a) The master shall ensure that the following chemical protective clothing constructed of materials...

46 CFR 153.933 - Chemical protective clothing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Chemical protective clothing. 153.933 Section 153.933... § 153.933 Chemical protective clothing. When table 1 refers to this section, the following apply: (a) The master shall ensure that the following chemical protective clothing constructed of materials...

46 CFR 153.933 - Chemical protective clothing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Chemical protective clothing. 153.933 Section 153.933... § 153.933 Chemical protective clothing. When table 1 refers to this section, the following apply: (a) The master shall ensure that the following chemical protective clothing constructed of materials...

28 CFR 97.16 - Clothing requirements for transported violent prisoners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Clothing requirements for transported... transported violent prisoners. Companies covered under this part must ensure that all violent prisoners they transport are clothed in brightly colored clothing that clearly identifies them as violent prisoners, unless...

28 CFR 97.16 - Clothing requirements for transported violent prisoners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Clothing requirements for transported... transported violent prisoners. Companies covered under this part must ensure that all violent prisoners they transport are clothed in brightly colored clothing that clearly identifies them as violent prisoners, unless...

Clothing Deprivation Feelings of Three Adolescent Ethnic Groups.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kness, Darlene

1983-01-01

Investigated clothing deprivation/satisfaction feelings of 301 Afro-, Anglo-, and Mexican-American adolescents and reported the development of a clothing satisfaction instrument. Clothing satisfaction was associated with social security and number of dresses for Anglo-Americans, with socioeconomic status and number of shoes for Mexican-Americans.…

Learning and Recognition of Clothing Genres From Full-Body Images.

PubMed

Hidayati, Shintami C; You, Chuang-Wen; Cheng, Wen-Huang; Hua, Kai-Lung

2018-05-01

According to the theory of clothing design, the genres of clothes can be recognized based on a set of visually differentiable style elements, which exhibit salient features of visual appearance and reflect high-level fashion styles for better describing clothing genres. Instead of using less-discriminative low-level features or ambiguous keywords to identify clothing genres, we proposed a novel approach for automatically classifying clothing genres based on the visually differentiable style elements. A set of style elements, that are crucial for recognizing specific visual styles of clothing genres, were identified based on the clothing design theory. In addition, the corresponding salient visual features of each style element were identified and formulated with variables that can be computationally derived with various computer vision algorithms. To evaluate the performance of our algorithm, a dataset containing 3250 full-body shots crawled from popular online stores was built. Recognition results show that our proposed algorithms achieved promising overall precision, recall, and -score of 88.76%, 88.53%, and 88.64% for recognizing upperwear genres, and 88.21%, 88.17%, and 88.19% for recognizing lowerwear genres, respectively. The effectiveness of each style element and its visual features on recognizing clothing genres was demonstrated through a set of experiments involving different sets of style elements or features. In summary, our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in clothing genre recognition.

Spatial language, question type, and young children's ability to describe clothing: Legal and developmental implications.

PubMed

Stolzenberg, Stacia N; McWilliams, Kelly; Lyon, Thomas D

2017-08-01

Children's descriptions of clothing placement and touching with respect to clothing are central to assessing child sexual abuse allegations. This study examined children's ability to answer the types of questions attorneys and interviewers typically ask about clothing, using the most common spatial terms (on/off, outside/inside, over/under). Ninety-seven 3- to 6-year-olds were asked yes/no (e.g., "Is the shirt on?"), forced-choice (e.g., "Is the shirt on or off?"), open-choice (e.g., "Is the shirt on or off or something else?"), or where questions (e.g., "Where is the shirt?") about clothing using a human figurine, clothing, and stickers. Across question types, children generally did well with simple clothing or sticker placement (e.g., pants completely on), except for yes/no questions about "over," suggesting children had an underinclusive understanding of the word. When clothing or sticker placement was intermediate (e.g., pants around ankles, and therefore neither completely on nor off), children performed poorly except when asked where questions. A similar task using only stickers and boxes, analogous to forensic interviewers' assessments of children's understanding, was only weakly predictive of children's ability to describe clothing. The results suggest that common methods of questioning young children about clothing may lead to substantial misinterpretation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

Allergens retained in clothing.

PubMed

Nedorost, Susan; Kessler, Margaret; McCormick, Thomas

2007-12-01

Some patients state compliance with avoidance of identified allergens, yet have persistent dermatitis in areas under tight-fitting clothing. To analyze a series of such cases to identify allergens most likely retained in clothing. Review of contact dermatitis clinic cases and identification of type and formula weight of allergens involved. High-formula-weight allergens and allergens present in medicament ointments are difficult to dissolve in laundry detergent and water and may be retained in clothing. Retention of allergens in clothing, even after washing, may explain recalcitrant dermatitis in a patient who states compliance with avoidance of a seemingly relevant allergen. Dermatologists should consider the possibility of allergen retention in clothing whenever a patient has only partial clearing after at least 1 month of attempted compliance with avoidance of identified allergens. Purchase of new clothing may be required to clear allergic contact dermatitis in this situation.

Tensiometer with removable wick

DOEpatents

Gee, Glendon W.; Campbell, Melvin D.

1992-01-01

The present invention relates to improvements in tensiometers for measuring soil water tension comprising a rod shaped wick. the rod shaped wick is shoestring, rolled paper towel, rolled glass microfiber filter, or solid ceramic. The rod shaped wick is secured to the tensiometer by a cone washer and a threaded fitting.

10 CFR 431.151 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Purpose and scope. 431.151 Section 431.151 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAM FOR CERTAIN COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT Commercial Clothers Washers § 431.151 Purpose and scope. This subpart contains energy conservation...

16 CFR 300.29 - Garments or products composed of or containing miscellaneous cloth scraps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... containing miscellaneous cloth scraps. 300.29 Section 300.29 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION... Labeling § 300.29 Garments or products composed of or containing miscellaneous cloth scraps. (a) For wool products which consist of, or are made from, miscellaneous cloth scraps comprising manufacturing by...

16 CFR 300.29 - Garments or products composed of or containing miscellaneous cloth scraps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... containing miscellaneous cloth scraps. 300.29 Section 300.29 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION... Labeling § 300.29 Garments or products composed of or containing miscellaneous cloth scraps. (a) For wool products which consist of, or are made from, miscellaneous cloth scraps comprising manufacturing by...

16 CFR 300.29 - Garments or products composed of or containing miscellaneous cloth scraps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... containing miscellaneous cloth scraps. 300.29 Section 300.29 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION... Labeling § 300.29 Garments or products composed of or containing miscellaneous cloth scraps. (a) For wool products which consist of, or are made from, miscellaneous cloth scraps comprising manufacturing by...

46 CFR 160.176-4 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... and Elongation, Breaking of Woven Cloth; Grab Method—160.176-13 (2) Method 5132, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Falling-Pendulum Method—160.176-13 (3) Method 5134, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Tongue Method—160.176-13 (4) Method 5804.1, Weathering Resistance of Cloth; Accelerated Weathering Method—160.176-8 (5...

16 CFR 300.29 - Garments or products composed of or containing miscellaneous cloth scraps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... containing miscellaneous cloth scraps. 300.29 Section 300.29 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION... Labeling § 300.29 Garments or products composed of or containing miscellaneous cloth scraps. (a) For wool products which consist of, or are made from, miscellaneous cloth scraps comprising manufacturing by...

16 CFR 300.29 - Garments or products composed of or containing miscellaneous cloth scraps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... containing miscellaneous cloth scraps. 300.29 Section 300.29 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION... Labeling § 300.29 Garments or products composed of or containing miscellaneous cloth scraps. (a) For wool products which consist of, or are made from, miscellaneous cloth scraps comprising manufacturing by...

76 FR 22453 - Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Clothes Dryers and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-21

.... These impacts continue well beyond 2100. Table I-3 shows the annualized values for the clothes dryer... Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Clothes Dryers and Room Air Conditioners... 1904-AA89 Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Clothes Dryers and...

75 FR 5578 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request-Flammability Standards for Clothing Textiles and Vinyl...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-03

... Standards for Clothing Textiles and Vinyl Plastic Film AGENCY: Consumer Product Safety Commission. ACTION... Commission's flammability standards for clothing textiles and vinyl plastic film. DATES: Written comments on... collection requirements should be captioned ``Clothing Textiles and Film, Collection of Information'' and...

Clothing and Textile Student Modules.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

South Carolina State Dept. of Education, Columbia. Office of Vocational Education.

Forty-seven performance-based instructional modules on six major topics are provided for the home economics content area of clothing and textiles. The six topics are (1) planning basics (psychological, physical, social, and behavioral aspects of clothing; elements of design; principles of design; and style and fashion in clothing), (2) buyership…

46 CFR 197.555 - Personal protective clothing and equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Personal protective clothing and equipment. 197.555... SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS GENERAL PROVISIONS Benzene § 197.555 Personal protective clothing and equipment. (a) When the use of respirators in compliance with § 197.550 and the personal protective clothing...

46 CFR 197.555 - Personal protective clothing and equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Personal protective clothing and equipment. 197.555... SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS GENERAL PROVISIONS Benzene § 197.555 Personal protective clothing and equipment. (a) When the use of respirators in compliance with § 197.550 and the personal protective clothing...

[Resources on Clothing for Persons with Special Needs].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

P.R.I.D.E. Foundation, Inc., Groton, CT.

The resource guide to the modification of clothing for disabled individuals suggests solutions to clothing, grooming, and home management problems for a variety of handicapping conditions. Services of PRIDE (Promote Real Independence for the Disabled and Elderly) are noted, including manuals on clothing for the disabled, a workshop, a curriculum…

Clothing factors and vaginitis.

PubMed

Heidrich, F E; Berg, A O; Bergman, J J

1984-10-01

Associations of clothing factors and vulvovaginal symptoms, signs, and microbiology were sought in 203 women seeking care at a university family medicine clinic. Clothing factors studied were use of panty hose, underwear for sleep, cotton lining panels, and pants vs skirts. Women wearing and not wearing panty hose had similar rates of vaginitis symptoms and signs, but yeast vaginitis was about three times more common among wearers. Relationships of other clothing factors to vaginitis were not found. Nonspecific vaginitis was not found to be related to clothing.

Comparison of Observed Beta Cloth Interactions with Simulated and Actual Space Environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kamenetzy, R. R.; Finckenor, M. M.

1999-01-01

A common component of multilayer insulation blankets is beta cloth, a woven fiberglass cloth impregnated with Teflon(TM). It is planned for extensive use on the International Space Station. The Environmental Etl'ects Group of the Marshall Space Flight Center Materials, Processing, and Manufacturing Department has investigated the impact of atomic oxygen (AO) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the optical properties of plain and aluminized beta cloth. both in the laboratory and as part of long-duration flight experiments. These investigations indicate that beta cloth is susceptible to darkening in the presence of UV radiation, dependent on the additives used. AO interactions resulted in bleaching of the beta cloth.

Fatal asphyxiations in children involving drawstrings on clothing.

PubMed Central

Petruk, J; Shields, E; Cummings, G E; Francescutti, L H

1996-01-01

Injuries account for more deaths and hospital admissions among children and adolescents than all diseases combined. The authors report two deaths by asphyxiation that resulted from drawstrings on the children's clothing becoming entangled on slides. Although such incidents are not common, they are preventable. The authors urge physicians to counsel parents and guardians to remove drawstrings from children's clothing, and they call upon the government and the clothing industry to work toward improving the safety standards for the design, manufacture and importation of children's clothing and banning the sale of children's clothing with drawstrings in Canada. In addition, they provide several resources for readers interested in helping reduce playground hazards in their communities. PMID:8943929

Horizontal/Vertical Stock Fund Cost Comparison

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-08-01

units. Installation Supply Division account and other instal- lation operated activities: Self -Service Supply Store, Clothing Initial...installation supply operations are the Self -Service Supply Center, Clothing Sales Store, Central Issue Facility, and Clothing Initial Issue Point. Stock- age...stocks, stocks for installation operated supply activities such as the Self Service Supply Store, Clothing Sales Store and

10 CFR 429.21 - Residential clothes dryers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Residential clothes dryers. 429.21 Section 429.21 Energy... COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT Certification § 429.21 Residential clothes dryers. (a) Sampling plan for selection of units for testing. (1) The requirements of § 429.11 are applicable to clothes dryers; and (2...

10 CFR 429.21 - Residential clothes dryers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Residential clothes dryers. 429.21 Section 429.21 Energy... COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT Certification § 429.21 Residential clothes dryers. (a) Sampling plan for selection of units for testing. (1) The requirements of § 429.11 are applicable to clothes dryers; and (2...

10 CFR 429.21 - Residential clothes dryers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Residential clothes dryers. 429.21 Section 429.21 Energy... COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT Certification § 429.21 Residential clothes dryers. (a) Sampling plan for selection of units for testing. (1) The requirements of § 429.11 are applicable to clothes dryers; and (2...

78 FR 35875 - Proposed Extension of Approval of Information Collection; Comment Request: Clothing Textiles...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-14

... Information Collection; Comment Request: Clothing Textiles, Vinyl Plastic Film AGENCY: Consumer Product Safety... Clothing Textiles (16 CFR part 1610) and the Standard for the Flammability of Vinyl Plastic Film (16 CFR... vinyl plastic film and vinyl plastic film intended for use in clothing (except children's sleepwear in...

The Right Stuff: Fashioning an Identity through Clothing in a Junior School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Swain, Jon

2002-01-01

Explored the role of clothing in expressing individual and collective identity among preadolescent English students. Results found that a relaxed enforcement of school uniforms created space for students to use clothing to gain recognition, generate common bonds, and share interests within peer groups. Clothing and footwear were used as an…

Testing fungus impregnated cloths for the control of adult Aedes aegypti under natural conditions.

PubMed

Paula, Adriano R; Carolino, Aline T; Silva, Carlos P; Pereira, César R; Samuels, Richard I

2013-09-08

Entomopathogenic fungi could be useful tools for reducing populations of the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti. Here the efficiency of fungus (Metarhizium anisopliae) impregnated cloths (with and without imidacloprid [IMI]) was evaluated against adult A. aegypti in simulated human dwellings. Behaviour of mosquitoes in the presence of black cloths was also investigated. When mosquitoes were released into the test rooms, the lowest survival rates (38%) were seen when five black cloths impregnated with conidia of ESALQ 818 + 10 ppm IMI were fixed under tables and chairs. This result was significantly lower than the survival rate recorded when cloths were impregnated with ESALQ 818 alone (44%) or ESALQ 818 + 0.1 ppm IMI (43%). Blood fed A. aegypti had lower landing frequencies on black cloths than sucrose fed insects during the first 24 h following feeding, which may have been due to reduced flight activity. Few mosquitoes (4-5%) were observed to land on the cloths during the hours of darkness. The landing pattern of sucrose-fed mosquitoes on non-treated and fungus-treated cloths was similar. The synergism between M. anisopliae and IMI significantly reduced Aedes survival in simulated field conditions. The use of fungus impregnated cloths is a promising point source application method for the control of adult A. aegypti.

Correction of the heat loss method for calculating clothing real evaporative resistance.

PubMed

Wang, Faming; Zhang, Chengjiao; Lu, Yehu

2015-08-01

In the so-called isothermal condition (i.e., Tair [air temperature]=Tmanikin [manikin temperature]=Tr [radiant temperature]), the actual energy used for moisture evaporation detected by most sweating manikins was underestimated due to the uncontrolled fabric 'skin' temperature Tsk,f (i.e., Tsk,f

Effect of Clothing on Measurement of Bone Mineral Density.

PubMed

McNamara, Elizabeth A; Feldman, Anna Z; Malabanan, Alan O; Abate, Ejigayehu G; Whittaker, LaTarsha G; Yano-Litwin, Amanda; Dorazio, Jolene; Rosen, Harold N

2016-01-01

It is unknown whether allowing patients to have BMD (bone mineral density) studies acquired while wearing radiolucent clothing adlib contributes appreciably to the measurement error seen. To examine this question, a spine phantom was scanned 30 times without any clothing, while draped with a gown, and while draped with heavy winter clothing. The effect on mean BMD and on SD (standard deviation) was assessed. The effect of clothing on mean or SD of the area was not significant. The effect of clothing on mean and SD for BMD was small but significant and was around 1.6% for the mean. However, the effect on BMD precision was much more clinically important. Without clothing the spine phantom had an least significant change of 0.0077 gm/cm(2), while when introducing variability of clothing the least significant change rose as high as 0.0305 gm/cm(2). We conclude that, adding clothing to the spine phantom had a small but statistically significant effect on the mean BMD and on variance of the measurement. It is unlikely that the effect on mean BMD has any clinical significance, but the effect on the reproducibility (precision) of the result is likely clinically significant. Copyright © 2016 The International Society for Clinical Densitometry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

EPRI Guide to Managing Nuclear Utility Protective Clothing Programs. PCEVAL User`s Manual, A computer code for evaluating the economics of nuclear plant protective clothing programs: Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kelly, J.J.; Kelly, D.M.

1993-10-01

The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) commissioned a radioactive waste related project (RP2414-34) in 1989 to produce a guide for developing and managing nuclear plant protective clothing programs. Every nuclear facility must coordinate some type of protective clothing program for its radiation workers to ensure proper and safe protection for the wearer and to maintain control over the spread of contamination. Yet, every nuclear facility has developed its own unique program for managing such clothing. Accordingly, a need existed for a reference guide to assist with standardizing protective clothing programs and in controlling the potentially escalating economics of such programs.more » The initial Guide to Managing Nuclear Utility Protective Clothing Programs, NP-7309, was published in May 1991. Since that time, a number of utilities have reviewed and/or used the report to enhance their protective clothing programs. Some of these utilities requested that a computer program be developed to assist utilities in evaluating the economics of protective clothing programs consistent with the guidance in NP-7309. The PCEVAL computer code responds to that industry need. This report, the PCEVAL User`s Manual, provides detailed instruction on use of the software.« less

Guidelines for the selection of chemical-protective clothing. Volume 2. Technical and reference manual. (3rd Edition). Report for January 1985-March 1987

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schwope, A.D.; Costas, P.P.; Jackson, J.O.

1987-02-01

A variety of protective-clothing items are commercially available for emergency response and other applications where chemical hazards may be encountered. Data and information for selecting chemical-protective clothing is either not available or is inconsistant from source to source. In 1983, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored the development of chemical-protective clothing selection guidelines to assist their own Office of Health and Safety in providing guidance to personnel, primarily EPA employees and contractors, working on hazardous-waste sites. These guidelines allowed a user to select an appropriate protective material for a specific chemical, select a clothing item (glove, suit, etc.), and thenmore » determine which manufacturers offered the clothing item in the recommended material. The U.S, Coast Guard Office of Research and Development and the EPA have supplemented these guidelines with additional data on material chemical resistance, material physical properties, clothing design features, and specific-vendor products. A chapter has been added for selecting chemical-protective suits. These guidelines contain data for over 750 chemicals and 700 clothing products. Volume I provides performance information and recommendations for selecting different types of protective clothing. Volume II contains a detailed technical discussion, and the data on which Volume I recommendations are based. The U.S. Coast Guard intends to use these guidelines for protective-clothing selection by its National Strike Force and Marine Safety Offices.« less

Performance of a water suction system using hydrophilic fibrous cloth under low gravity and microgravity in parabolic flight.

PubMed

Tani, A; Saito, T; Kitaya, Y; Takahashi, H; Goto, E

2000-06-01

For suction of water from a water supply vessel including both water and air under microgravity and g-jitter conditions, a water suction system using hydrophilic fibrous cloth was developed and its performance was evaluated at 0.01-0.02 g-realized for 20 s by parabolic flight in an aircraft. Vessels used for the experiment were glass flasks and had a suction port for suction filtration. A piece of hydrophilic fibrous cloth was arranged along the inner surface of the vessels and the end was fixed to the suction port of the vessels. In vessel without hydrophilic cloths and containing 220 mL of water, the water did not move more than 5 mm along the inner surface and did not reach the suction port under low gravity. When hydrophilic cloths were used, on the other hand, water gathered onto the cloth surface, moved up along the cloth and reached the suction port under low gravity. The amount of water sucked from vessels varied with the amount of water in the vessel and the sectional area of hydrophilic cloths. When the vessels including both water and air were flown during parabolic flight (10(-4) g), water in the vessel moved along the cloth and a water film was formed on the cloth. These results indicated that it is possible to suck water using the fibrous cloth suction system under low gravity and microgravity conditions. Under low gravity conditions, it was difficult to suck water only. However, it is not necessary to separate water from air when the system is used for supplying water to plant root medium consisting of both liquid and gas phases.

Potential applications of smart clothing solutions in health care and personal protection.

PubMed

Meinander, Harriet; Honkala, Markku

2004-01-01

The rapid development in the fields of sensor and telecommunication technologies has created completely new possibilities also for the textile and clothing field. New smart textile and clothing systems can be developed by integrating sensors in the textile constructions. Application fields for these added-value products are e.g. protective clothing for extreme environments, garments for the health care sector, technical textiles, sport and leisure wear. Some products have already been introduced on the markets, but generally it can be stated that the development is only in its starting phase, and the expectations for the future are big. Many different aspects have to be considered in the development of the wearable technology products for the health care sector: medical problems and their diagnosis, sensor choice, data processing and telecommunication solutions, clothing requirements. A functional product can be achieved only if all aspects work together, and therefore experts from all fields should participate in the RTD projects. In the EC-funded project DE3002 Easytex clothing and textiles for disabled and elderly people were investigated. Some recommendations concerning durability, appearance, comfort, service and safety of products for different special user groups were defined, based on user questionnaires and seminars, general textile and clothing requirements and on laboratory test series."Clothing Area Network--Clan" is a research project aiming to develop a technical concept and technology needed in enabling both wired and wireless data and power transfer between different intelligent modules (user interfaces, sensors, CPU's, batteries etc.) integrated into a smart clothing system. Fire-fighters clothing system is chosen as the development platform, being a very challenging application from which the developed technology can be transferred to other protective clothing systems.

Home Furnishings and Equipment. Money Management.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baran, Nancy H., Ed.

This booklet provides guidelines for buying major home appliances from ranges and refrigerators to washers and dryers, as well as wood and upholstered furniture, and bedding and floor coverings, with helpful charts to make selection easier. It begins with suggestions on how to furnish within one's means. Next, information on equipping the home…

Housekeeping Management Assistant Manual for Training of the Mentally Retarded.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Research and Training Center in Mental Retardation.

Presented is an instructional guide for teaching mentally retarded persons to become housekeeping assistants. Listed are tasks, objectives, and background information for the following six units: general safety procedures; daily duties (general cleaning, use of supply carts, and bathroom cleaning); laundry procedures (including use of washer and…

78 FR 54383 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter Deutschland GmbH Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-04

... the main transmission filter housing upper part and modifying the main transmission housing upper part... filter area was not manufactured in accordance with applicable design specifications. The actions of this... a corrugated washer in the filter housing of the housing upper part and modifying each affected main...

Tensiometer with removable wick

DOEpatents

Gee, G.W.; Campbell, M.D.

1992-04-14

The present invention relates to improvements in tensiometers for measuring soil water tension comprising a rod shaped wick. The rod shaped wick is a shoestring, rolled paper towel, rolled glass microfiber filter, or solid ceramic. The rod shaped wick is secured to the tensiometer by a cone washer and a threaded fitting. 2 figs.

77 FR 50414 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-21

... the drain mast bolts, an inspection to determine the location of the bonding strap, a measurement of... determine the location of the bonding strap, a measurement of the washers under the drain mast bolts, and... measurement. hour = $340. We estimate the following costs to do certain necessary conditional actions that...

76 FR 27610 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Maryland; Adoption of Control...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-12

..., freezers, water heaters, dishwashers, trash compactors, air conditioners, ovens, microwave ovens, and other... appliance product. A large appliance product is also defined as any organic surface-coated metal range, oven, microwave, refrigerator, freezer, washer, dryer, dishwasher, water heater, or trash compactor manufactured...

40 CFR 60.620 - Applicability and designation of affected facility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Performance for Petroleum Dry Cleaners § 60.620 Applicability and designation of affected facility. (a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to the following affected facilities located at a petroleum dry... pounds): Petroleum solvent dry cleaning dryers, washers, filters, stills, and settling tanks. (1) When...

7. LOOKING WEST TOWARD SHEEP KILL AREA ON SOUTH END ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. LOOKING WEST TOWARD SHEEP KILL AREA ON SOUTH END OF BUILDING 149; INCLINED CONVEYOR AT LEFT CENTER CARRIED TROLLEYS TO THE AUTOMATIC WASHER/OILER ON THE GALLERY LEVEL - Rath Packing Company, Beef Killing Building, Sycamore Street between Elm & Eighteenth Streets, Waterloo, Black Hawk County, IA

Shlepers and Car Washers: Young Israelis in the New York Labor Market.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ben-Ami, Ilan

1992-01-01

Examines characteristics and immigration experiences of young male Israeli immigrants to New York City who find work in car washes and furniture moving, jobs requiring neither special skills nor work papers. Differences in background and long-range immigration plans between the groups are discussed. (SLD)

76. General view looking east showing Rust Co. boiler stacks ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

76. General view looking east showing Rust Co. boiler stacks at left, Babcock & Wilcox type boiler stacks at right, Dovel horizontal gas washer in foreground, and No. 1 Furnace in distance. - Sloss-Sheffield Steel & Iron, First Avenue North Viaduct at Thirty-second Street, Birmingham, Jefferson County, AL

9 CFR 3.84 - Cleaning, sanitization, housekeeping, and pest control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... from becoming soiled, and to reduce disease hazards, insects, pests, and odors. Dirt floors, floors..., such as in a mechanical cage washer; (iii) Washing all soiled surfaces with appropriate detergent... same purpose, with a thorough cleaning of the surfaces to remove organic material, so as to remove all...

9 CFR 3.84 - Cleaning, sanitization, housekeeping, and pest control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... from becoming soiled, and to reduce disease hazards, insects, pests, and odors. Dirt floors, floors..., such as in a mechanical cage washer; (iii) Washing all soiled surfaces with appropriate detergent... same purpose, with a thorough cleaning of the surfaces to remove organic material, so as to remove all...

9 CFR 3.84 - Cleaning, sanitization, housekeeping, and pest control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... from becoming soiled, and to reduce disease hazards, insects, pests, and odors. Dirt floors, floors..., such as in a mechanical cage washer; (iii) Washing all soiled surfaces with appropriate detergent... same purpose, with a thorough cleaning of the surfaces to remove organic material, so as to remove all...

9 CFR 3.84 - Cleaning, sanitization, housekeeping, and pest control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... from becoming soiled, and to reduce disease hazards, insects, pests, and odors. Dirt floors, floors..., such as in a mechanical cage washer; (iii) Washing all soiled surfaces with appropriate detergent... same purpose, with a thorough cleaning of the surfaces to remove organic material, so as to remove all...

9 CFR 3.84 - Cleaning, sanitization, housekeeping, and pest control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... from becoming soiled, and to reduce disease hazards, insects, pests, and odors. Dirt floors, floors..., such as in a mechanical cage washer; (iii) Washing all soiled surfaces with appropriate detergent... same purpose, with a thorough cleaning of the surfaces to remove organic material, so as to remove all...

9 CFR 3.11 - Cleaning, sanitization, housekeeping, and pest control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... prevent an excessive accumulation of feces and food waste, to prevent soiling of the dogs or cats... mechanical cage washer; or (iii) Washing all soiled surfaces with appropriate detergent solutions and... a thorough cleaning of the surfaces to remove organic material, so as to remove all organic material...

9 CFR 3.11 - Cleaning, sanitization, housekeeping, and pest control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... prevent an excessive accumulation of feces and food waste, to prevent soiling of the dogs or cats... mechanical cage washer; or (iii) Washing all soiled surfaces with appropriate detergent solutions and... a thorough cleaning of the surfaces to remove organic material, so as to remove all organic material...

9 CFR 3.11 - Cleaning, sanitization, housekeeping, and pest control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... prevent an excessive accumulation of feces and food waste, to prevent soiling of the dogs or cats... mechanical cage washer; or (iii) Washing all soiled surfaces with appropriate detergent solutions and... a thorough cleaning of the surfaces to remove organic material, so as to remove all organic material...

16 CFR 305.20 - Paper catalogs and websites.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...] national average electricity cost of [ ___ cents per kWh]. For more information, visit www.ftc.gov... estimated operating cost is based on a [Year] national average [electricity, natural gas, propane, or oil... washers] and a [Year] national average cost of ___ cents per kWh for electricity and $ ___ per therm for...

16 CFR 305.20 - Paper catalogs and websites.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...] national average electricity cost of [ ___ cents per kWh]. For more information, visit www.ftc.gov... estimated operating cost is based on a [Year] national average [electricity, natural gas, propane, or oil... washers] and a [Year] national average cost of ___ cents per kWh for electricity and $ ___ per therm for...

77 FR 1082 - Large Residential Washers From Korea and Mexico; Institution of Antidumping and Countervailing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-09

... United States, and imported under statistical reporting number 8450.20.0090. Products subject to these..., 2012. The Commission's views are due at Commerce within five business days thereafter, or by February.... Limited disclosure of business proprietary information (BPI) under an administrative protective order (APO...

Flip flops, dress clothes, and no coat: clothing barriers to children's physical activity in child-care centers identified from a qualitative study

PubMed Central

2009-01-01

Background Three-quarters of 3-6 year-old children in the U.S. spend time in childcare; many spend most of their waking hours in these settings. Daily physical activity offers numerous health benefits, but activity levels vary widely across centers. This study was undertaken to explore reasons why physical activity levels may vary. The purpose of this paper is to summarize an unexpected finding that child-care providers cited was a key barrier to children's physical activity. Methods Nine focus groups with 49 child-care providers (55% black) from 34 centers (including inner-city, suburban, Head Start and Montessori) were conducted in Cincinnati, OH. Three independent raters analyzed verbatim transcripts for themes. Several techniques were used to increase credibility of findings, including interviews with 13 caregivers. Results Two major themes about clothing were: 1) children's clothing was a barrier to children's physical activity in child-care, and 2) clothing choices were a significant source of conflict between parents and child-care providers. Inappropriate clothing items included: no coat/hat/gloves in the wintertime, flip flops or sandals, dress/expensive clothes, jewelry, and clothes that were either too loose or too tight. Child-care providers explained that unless there were enough extra coats at the center, a single child without a coat could prevent the entire class from going outside. Caregivers suggested several reasons why parents may dress their child inappropriately, including forgetfulness, a rushed morning routine, limited income to buy clothes, a child's preference for a favorite item, and parents not understanding the importance of outdoor play. Several child-care providers favored specific policies prohibiting inappropriate clothing, as many reported limited success with verbal or written reminders to bring appropriate clothing. Conclusion Inappropriate clothing may be an important barrier to children's physical activity in child-care settings, particularly if the clothing of a few children preclude physical activity for the remaining children. Center directors and policy makers should consider devising clear and specific policies for the types of clothing that will be permitted in these settings so that children's active play opportunities are not curtailed. To enhance compliance, parents may need education about the importance and benefits of active play for children's development. PMID:19895677

Flip flops, dress clothes, and no coat: clothing barriers to children's physical activity in child-care centers identified from a qualitative study.

PubMed

Copeland, Kristen A; Sherman, Susan N; Kendeigh, Cassandra A; Saelens, Brian E; Kalkwarf, Heidi J

2009-11-06

Three-quarters of 3-6 year-old children in the U.S. spend time in childcare; many spend most of their waking hours in these settings. Daily physical activity offers numerous health benefits, but activity levels vary widely across centers. This study was undertaken to explore reasons why physical activity levels may vary. The purpose of this paper is to summarize an unexpected finding that child-care providers cited was a key barrier to children's physical activity. Nine focus groups with 49 child-care providers (55% black) from 34 centers (including inner-city, suburban, Head Start and Montessori) were conducted in Cincinnati, OH. Three independent raters analyzed verbatim transcripts for themes. Several techniques were used to increase credibility of findings, including interviews with 13 caregivers. Two major themes about clothing were: 1) children's clothing was a barrier to children's physical activity in child-care, and 2) clothing choices were a significant source of conflict between parents and child-care providers. Inappropriate clothing items included: no coat/hat/gloves in the wintertime, flip flops or sandals, dress/expensive clothes, jewelry, and clothes that were either too loose or too tight. Child-care providers explained that unless there were enough extra coats at the center, a single child without a coat could prevent the entire class from going outside. Caregivers suggested several reasons why parents may dress their child inappropriately, including forgetfulness, a rushed morning routine, limited income to buy clothes, a child's preference for a favorite item, and parents not understanding the importance of outdoor play. Several child-care providers favored specific policies prohibiting inappropriate clothing, as many reported limited success with verbal or written reminders to bring appropriate clothing. Inappropriate clothing may be an important barrier to children's physical activity in child-care settings, particularly if the clothing of a few children preclude physical activity for the remaining children. Center directors and policy makers should consider devising clear and specific policies for the types of clothing that will be permitted in these settings so that children's active play opportunities are not curtailed. To enhance compliance, parents may need education about the importance and benefits of active play for children's development.

Personal Protection of Permethrin-Treated Clothing against Aedes aegypti, the Vector of Dengue and Zika Virus, in the Laboratory

PubMed Central

Orsborne, James; DeRaedt Banks, Sarah; Hendy, Adam; Gezan, Salvador A.; Kaur, Harparkash; Wilder-Smith, Annelies; Lindsay, Steve W.; Logan, James G.

2016-01-01

Background The dengue and Zika viruses are primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are most active during day light hours and feed both in and outside of the household. Personal protection technologies such as insecticide-treated clothing could provide individual protection. Here we assessed the efficacy of permethrin-treated clothing on personal protection in the laboratory. Methods The effect of washing on treated clothing, skin coverage and protection against resistant and susceptible Ae. aegypti was assessed using modified WHO arm-in-cage assays. Coverage was further assessed using free-flight room tests to investigate the protective efficacy of unwashed factory-dipped permethrin-treated clothing. Clothing was worn as full coverage (long sleeves and trousers) and partial coverage (short sleeves and shorts). Residual permethrin on the skin and its effect on mosquitoes was measured using modified WHO cone assays and quantified using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Results In the arm-in-cage assays, unwashed clothing reduced landing by 58.9% (95% CI 49.2–66.9) and biting by 28.5% (95% CI 22.5–34.0), but reduced to 18.5% (95% CI 14.7–22.3) and 11.1% (95% CI 8.5–13.8) respectively after 10 washes. Landing and biting for resistant and susceptible strains was not significantly different (p<0.05). In free-flight room tests, full coverage treated clothing reduced landing by 24.3% (95% CI 17.4–31.7) and biting by 91% (95% CI 82.2–95.9) with partial coverage reducing landing and biting by 26.4% (95% CI 20.3–31.2) and 49.3% (95% CI 42.1–59.1) respectively with coverage type having no significant difference on landing (p<0.05). Residual permethrin was present on the skin in low amounts (0.0041mg/cm2), but still produced a KD of >80% one hour after wearing treated clothing. Conclusion Whilst partially covering the body with permethrin-treated clothing provided some protection against biting, wearing treated clothing with long sleeves and trousers provided the highest form of protection. Washing treated clothing dramatically reduced protection provided. Permethrin-treated clothing could provide protection to individuals from Ae. aegypti that show permethrin resistance. Additionally, it could continue to provide protection even after the clothing has been worn. Field trials are urgently needed to determine whether clothing can protect against dengue and Zika. PMID:27187593

Personal Protection of Permethrin-Treated Clothing against Aedes aegypti, the Vector of Dengue and Zika Virus, in the Laboratory.

PubMed

Orsborne, James; DeRaedt Banks, Sarah; Hendy, Adam; Gezan, Salvador A; Kaur, Harparkash; Wilder-Smith, Annelies; Lindsay, Steve W; Logan, James G

2016-01-01

The dengue and Zika viruses are primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are most active during day light hours and feed both in and outside of the household. Personal protection technologies such as insecticide-treated clothing could provide individual protection. Here we assessed the efficacy of permethrin-treated clothing on personal protection in the laboratory. The effect of washing on treated clothing, skin coverage and protection against resistant and susceptible Ae. aegypti was assessed using modified WHO arm-in-cage assays. Coverage was further assessed using free-flight room tests to investigate the protective efficacy of unwashed factory-dipped permethrin-treated clothing. Clothing was worn as full coverage (long sleeves and trousers) and partial coverage (short sleeves and shorts). Residual permethrin on the skin and its effect on mosquitoes was measured using modified WHO cone assays and quantified using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. In the arm-in-cage assays, unwashed clothing reduced landing by 58.9% (95% CI 49.2-66.9) and biting by 28.5% (95% CI 22.5-34.0), but reduced to 18.5% (95% CI 14.7-22.3) and 11.1% (95% CI 8.5-13.8) respectively after 10 washes. Landing and biting for resistant and susceptible strains was not significantly different (p<0.05). In free-flight room tests, full coverage treated clothing reduced landing by 24.3% (95% CI 17.4-31.7) and biting by 91% (95% CI 82.2-95.9) with partial coverage reducing landing and biting by 26.4% (95% CI 20.3-31.2) and 49.3% (95% CI 42.1-59.1) respectively with coverage type having no significant difference on landing (p<0.05). Residual permethrin was present on the skin in low amounts (0.0041mg/cm2), but still produced a KD of >80% one hour after wearing treated clothing. Whilst partially covering the body with permethrin-treated clothing provided some protection against biting, wearing treated clothing with long sleeves and trousers provided the highest form of protection. Washing treated clothing dramatically reduced protection provided. Permethrin-treated clothing could provide protection to individuals from Ae. aegypti that show permethrin resistance. Additionally, it could continue to provide protection even after the clothing has been worn. Field trials are urgently needed to determine whether clothing can protect against dengue and Zika.

30 CFR 57.15007 - Protective equipment or clothing for welding, cutting, or working with molten metal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Protective equipment or clothing for welding... equipment or clothing for welding, cutting, or working with molten metal. Protective clothing or equipment and face shields or goggles shall be worn when welding, cutting, or working with molten metal. ...

30 CFR 57.15007 - Protective equipment or clothing for welding, cutting, or working with molten metal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Protective equipment or clothing for welding... equipment or clothing for welding, cutting, or working with molten metal. Protective clothing or equipment and face shields or goggles shall be worn when welding, cutting, or working with molten metal. ...

30 CFR 57.15007 - Protective equipment or clothing for welding, cutting, or working with molten metal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Protective equipment or clothing for welding... equipment or clothing for welding, cutting, or working with molten metal. Protective clothing or equipment and face shields or goggles shall be worn when welding, cutting, or working with molten metal. ...

30 CFR 57.15007 - Protective equipment or clothing for welding, cutting, or working with molten metal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Protective equipment or clothing for welding... equipment or clothing for welding, cutting, or working with molten metal. Protective clothing or equipment and face shields or goggles shall be worn when welding, cutting, or working with molten metal. ...

30 CFR 57.15007 - Protective equipment or clothing for welding, cutting, or working with molten metal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Protective equipment or clothing for welding... equipment or clothing for welding, cutting, or working with molten metal. Protective clothing or equipment and face shields or goggles shall be worn when welding, cutting, or working with molten metal. ...

Is a Space Laundry Needed for Exploration?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ewert, Michael K.; Jeng, Frank F.

2014-01-01

Future human space exploration missions will lengthen to years, and keeping crews clothed without a huge resupply burden is an important consideration for habitation systems. A space laundry system could be the solution; however, the resources it uses must be accounted for and must win out over the very reliable practice of bringing along enough spare underwear. Through NASA's Logistics Reduction and Repurposing project, trade off studies have been conducted to compare current space clothing systems, life extension of that clothing, traditional water based clothes washing and other sanitizing techniques. The best clothing system of course depends on the mission and assumptions, but in general, analysis results indicate that washing clothes on space missions will start to pay off as mission durations push past a year.

46 CFR 154.1840 - Protective clothing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... FOR SELF-PROPELLED VESSELS CARRYING BULK LIQUEFIED GASES Operations § 154.1840 Protective clothing... operation, except those assigned to gas-safe cargo control rooms, wears protective clothing. ...

46 CFR 154.1840 - Protective clothing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... FOR SELF-PROPELLED VESSELS CARRYING BULK LIQUEFIED GASES Operations § 154.1840 Protective clothing... operation, except those assigned to gas-safe cargo control rooms, wears protective clothing. ...

Scripting patienthood with patient clothing.

PubMed

Topo, Päivi; Iltanen-Tähkävuori, Sonja

2010-06-01

The potential of care environments to promote patient healing has gained increasing attention over the last decade, with evidence-based designs used to explore developments in this field. Medical textiles, such as clothes provided to patients, are part of the care environment in many countries. Our study focuses on patients' experiences of such clothing. The goal of this research is to understand how patienthood is constructed in relation to patient clothing and the practices around their use. The study is based on four group interviews involving a total of 12 people with experience of being patients in a hospital or of visiting residential care environments. We employed an active interview format, and the medical textiles currently used in Finnish hospitals and residential care facilities were available for scrutiny during the interviews. Content analyses were carried out on the interview transcripts. Patient clothing was critically evaluated by the participants; they experienced giving up their own clothes as akin to a rite of passage into their new role as a patient. The low status of a patient in a hospital environment was symbolised by the outworn appearance of patient clothing and the problems in protecting privacy. Patient clothing was also felt to provide limited possibilities for being active and in some cases was found to be annoying or even harmful and upsetting. For patients, being dressed in patient clothing may be symbolic of lower status and narrowed agency in everyday life. We can conclude that artefacts such as clothing worn in care environments need to be given attention when considering possibilities for improving care. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Swim performance and thermoregulatory effects of wearing clothing in a simulated cold-water survival situation.

PubMed

Bowes, Heather; Eglin, Clare M; Tipton, Michael J; Barwood, Martin J

2016-04-01

Accidental cold-water immersion (CWI) impairs swim performance, increases drowning risk and often occurs whilst clothed. The impact of clothing on thermoregulation and swim performance during CWI was explored with the view of making recommendations on whether swimming is viable for self-rescue; contrary to the traditional recommendations. Ten unhabituated males (age 24 (4) years; height 1.80 (0.08) m; mass 78.50 (10.93) kg; body composition 14.8 (3.4) fat %) completed four separate CWIs in 12 °C water. They either rested clothed or naked (i.e. wearing a bathing costume) or swum self-paced clothed or naked for up to 1 h. Swim speed, distance covered, oxygen consumption and thermal responses (rectal temperature (T re), mean skin temperature (T msk) and mean body temperature T b) were measured. When clothed, participants swum at a slower pace and for a significantly shorter distance (815 (482) m, 39 (19) min) compared to when naked (1264 (564) m, 52 (18) min), but had a similar oxygen consumption indicating clothing made them less efficient. Swimming accelerated the rate of T msk and T b cooling and wearing clothing partially attenuated this drop. The impairment to swimming performance caused by clothing was greater than the thermal benefit it provided; participants withdrew due to exhaustion before hypothermia developed. Swimming is a viable self-rescue method in 12 °C water, however, clothing impairs swimming capability. Self-rescue swimming could be considered before clinical hypothermia sets in for the majority of individuals. These suggestions must be tested for the wider population.

Use of a human skin in vitro model to investigate the influence of 'every-day' clothing and skin surface decontamination on the percutaneous penetration of organophosphates.

PubMed

Moore, C A; Wilkinson, S C; Blain, P G; Dunn, M; Aust, G A; Williams, F M

2014-08-17

Organophosphates (OPs) are widely used in agriculture. Many studies have investigated the capability of personal protective equipment (PPE) to reduce chemical exposure; however, investigations into the protective effect of 'every-day' clothing are rare. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of 'every-day' clothing against dermal exposure and to measure early decontamination of skin following exposure to chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos. Using human skin in vitro, absorption of (14)C-labelled chlorpyrifos (500 ng/cm(2)), was shown to be significantly reduced when applied to clothed skin (cotton shirt), regardless of application vehicle (isopropanol (IPA) or propylene glycol (PG)). The majority of applied dose was retained within the clothing after 4 h exposure. Significant reduction in absorption of chlorpyrifos (in PG) was seen through clothed skin when supplemented with skin decontamination at 4 h, compared with clothed skin decontaminated after 24 h, however, this was not observed with IPA. Absorption of dichlorvos (5 μg/cm(2)) was greater through unclothed skin than chlorpyrifos for all vehicles (IPA, isopropyl myristate (IPM) and PG). Significant reduction in absorption was observed when decontaminating clothed skin at 30 min, compared with decontamination at 24 h (post-exposure) for all vehicles. indicate that 'every-day' clothing is effective at reducing exposure to chemicals in contact with skin. Washing the skin surface immediately following removal of exposed clothing can further reduce exposure, depending on the properties of the chemical and vehicle applied. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Noncontact Monitoring of Respiration by Dynamic Air-Pressure Sensor.

PubMed

Takarada, Tohru; Asada, Tetsunosuke; Sumi, Yoshihisa; Higuchi, Yoshinori

2015-01-01

We have previously reported that a dynamic air-pressure sensor system allows respiratory status to be visually monitored for patients in minimally clothed condition. The dynamic air-pressure sensor measures vital information using changes in air pressure. To utilize this device in the field, we must clarify the influence of clothing conditions on measurement. The present study evaluated use of the dynamic air-pressure sensor system as a respiratory monitor that can reliably detect change in breathing patterns irrespective of clothing. Twelve healthy volunteers reclined on a dental chair positioned horizontally with the sensor pad for measuring air-pressure signals corresponding to respiration placed on the seat back of the dental chair in the central lumbar region. Respiratory measurements were taken under 2 conditions: (a) thinly clothed (subject lying directly on the sensor pad); and (b) thickly clothed (subject lying on the sensor pad covered with a pressure-reducing sheet). Air-pressure signals were recorded and time integration values for air pressure during each expiration were calculated. This information was compared with expiratory tidal volume measured simultaneously by a respirometer connected to the subject via face mask. The dynamic air-pressure sensor was able to receive the signal corresponding to respiration regardless of clothing conditions. A strong correlation was identified between expiratory tidal volume and time integration values for air pressure during each expiration for all subjects under both clothing conditions (0.840-0.988 for the thinly clothed condition and 0.867-0.992 for the thickly clothed condition). These results show that the dynamic air-pressure sensor is useful for monitoring respiratory physiology irrespective of clothing.

Thermal comfort sustained by cold protective clothing in Arctic open-pit mining—a thermal manikin and questionnaire study

PubMed Central

JUSSILA, Kirsi; RISSANEN, Sirkka; AMINOFF, Anna; WAHLSTRÖM, Jens; VAKTSKJOLD, Arild; TALYKOVA, Ljudmila; REMES, Jouko; MÄNTTÄRI, Satu; RINTAMÄKI, Hannu

2017-01-01

Workers in the Arctic open-pit mines are exposed to harsh weather conditions. Employers are required to provide protective clothing for workers. This can be the outer layer, but sometimes also inner or middle layers are provided. This study aimed to determine how Arctic open-pit miners protect themselves against cold and the sufficiency, and the selection criteria of the garments. Workers’ cold experiences and the clothing in four Arctic open-pit mines in Finland, Sweden, Norway and Russia were evaluated by a questionnaire (n=1,323). Basic thermal insulation (Icl) of the reported clothing was estimated (ISO 9920). The Icl of clothing from the mines were also measured by thermal manikin (standing/walking) in 0.3 and 4.0 m/s wind. The questionnaire showed that the Icl of the selected clothing was on average 1.2 and 1.5 clo in mild (−5 to +5°C) and dry cold (−20 to −10°C) conditions, respectively. The Icl of the clothing measured by thermal manikin was 1.9–2.3 clo. The results show that the Arctic open-pit miners’ selected their clothing based on occupational (time outdoors), environmental (temperature, wind, moisture) and individual factors (cold sensitivity, general health). However, the selected clothing was not sufficient to prevent cooling completely at ambient temperatures below −10°C. PMID:29021416

Thermal comfort sustained by cold protective clothing in Arctic open-pit mining-a thermal manikin and questionnaire study.

PubMed

Jussila, Kirsi; Rissanen, Sirkka; Aminoff, Anna; Wahlström, Jens; Vaktskjold, Arild; Talykova, Ljudmila; Remes, Jouko; Mänttäri, Satu; Rintamäki, Hannu

2017-12-07

Workers in the Arctic open-pit mines are exposed to harsh weather conditions. Employers are required to provide protective clothing for workers. This can be the outer layer, but sometimes also inner or middle layers are provided. This study aimed to determine how Arctic open-pit miners protect themselves against cold and the sufficiency, and the selection criteria of the garments. Workers' cold experiences and the clothing in four Arctic open-pit mines in Finland, Sweden, Norway and Russia were evaluated by a questionnaire (n=1,323). Basic thermal insulation (I cl ) of the reported clothing was estimated (ISO 9920). The I cl of clothing from the mines were also measured by thermal manikin (standing/walking) in 0.3 and 4.0 m/s wind. The questionnaire showed that the I cl of the selected clothing was on average 1.2 and 1.5 clo in mild (-5 to +5°C) and dry cold (-20 to -10°C) conditions, respectively. The I cl of the clothing measured by thermal manikin was 1.9-2.3 clo. The results show that the Arctic open-pit miners' selected their clothing based on occupational (time outdoors), environmental (temperature, wind, moisture) and individual factors (cold sensitivity, general health). However, the selected clothing was not sufficient to prevent cooling completely at ambient temperatures below -10°C.

An investigation into the presence of petrol on the clothing and shoes of members of the public.

PubMed

Coulson, Sally; Morgan-Smith, Rian; Mitchell, Susan; McBriar, Todd

2008-02-25

First, the clothing and shoes from 29 participants who had recently filled their vehicles with petrol were analysed for any traces of petrol. No traces of petrol were found on any of these items. Secondly, the clothing and shoes from 17 participants who had recently used a petrol-powered lawn mower were also analysed for petrol. Petrol was detected on two pairs of shoes from different participants. Components of petrol were detected on a set of clothing from a third participant, however, there were insufficient components present in this sample to confirm the presence of petrol. No traces of petrol were found on the items from the remaining 14 participants. Thirdly, the clothing from a forecourt attendant, a mechanic and a professional lawn mower were analysed at the end of a number of shifts. Petrol was detected on the upper and lower clothing from the forecourt attendant at the end of one shift. No petrol residues were found on the forecourt attendant after a second shift, or on the mechanic's clothing after two separate shifts or on the professional lawn mower's clothing after three separate shifts. These results can be used to assist the forensic analyst in assessing the chance of finding traces of petrol on clothing and shoes after the wearer has performed common activities that involve petrol.

"I Am Only Ten Years Old": Femininities, Clothing-Fashion Codes and the Intergenerational Gap of Interpretation of Young Girls' Clothes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rysst, Mari

2010-01-01

Based in experience-near anthropology, this article explores constructions of gender by 10-year-old Norwegian girls who are informed by a developmental discourse and by new clothing-fashion codes. The analysis reveals gaps in aesthetic understanding between the clothing-fashion industry, preteen girls and older generations. The industry seems to…

Economic Value of Dispensing Home-Based Preoperative Chlorhexidine Bathing Cloths to Prevent Surgical Site Infection

PubMed Central

Bailey, Rachel R.; Stuckey, Dianna R.; Norman, Bryan A.; Duggan, Andrew P.; Bacon, Kristina M.; Connor, Diana L.; Lee, Ingi; Muder, Robert R.; Lee, Bruce Y.

2012-01-01

OBJECTIVE To estimate the economic value of dispensing preoperative home-based chlorhexidine bathing cloth kits to orthopedic patients to prevent surgical site infection (SSI). METHODS A stochastic decision-analytic computer simulation model was developed from the hospital’s perspective depicting the decision of whether to dispense the kits preoperatively to orthopedic patients. We varied patient age, cloth cost, SSI-attributable excess length of stay, cost per bed-day, patient compliance with the regimen, and cloth antimicrobial efficacy to determine which variables were the most significant drivers of the model’s outcomes. RESULTS When all other variables remained at baseline and cloth efficacy was at least 50%, patient compliance only had to be half of baseline (baseline mean, 15.3%; range, 8.23%–20.0%) for chlorhexidine cloths to remain the dominant strategy (ie, less costly and providing better health outcomes). When cloth efficacy fell to 10%, 1.5 times the baseline bathing compliance also afforded dominance of the preoperative bath. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study favor the routine distribution of bathing kits. Even with low patient compliance and cloth efficacy values, distribution of bathing kits is an economically beneficial strategy for the prevention of SSI. PMID:21515977

Unexpected behavioural consequences of preterm newborns' clothing.

PubMed

Durier, Virginie; Henry, Séverine; Martin, Emmanuelle; Dollion, Nicolas; Hausberger, Martine; Sizun, Jacques

2015-03-17

Restrictions of preterm newborns' movements could have consequences ranging from stress enhancement to impairment of their motor development. Therefore, ability to freely express motor activities appears crucial for their behavioural and physiological development. Our aim was to evaluate behavioural issues of two types of clothing used in NICU. We observed 18 healthy 34-37 post-conception week-old preterm newborns, during resting periods, when they were undisturbed by any interventions. Newborns wore either light clothing (bodysuit and a light wrapping) or heavy clothing (pyjamas, cardigan and sleep-sack). The percentages of time each subject spent in different postures were compared between clothing situations. Arm and hand postures differed in relation to clothing: babies bent their arms more and held their hands nearer their heads when in bodysuits than when in sleepwear. Consequently, babies in bodysuits spent more time touching their body or their environment whereas the others generally were touching nothing. Self-touch is an important way to comfort one's self. Heavy clothing may impair self-soothing behaviours of preterm newborn babies that already lack other forms of contact. Results suggest that more attention should be paid to apparently routine and marginal decisions such as choice of clothes.

Dermal uptake of phthalates from clothing: Comparison of model to human participant results.

PubMed

Morrison, G C; Weschler, C J; Bekö, G

2017-05-01

In this research, we extend a model of transdermal uptake of phthalates to include a layer of clothing. When compared with experimental results, this model better estimates dermal uptake of diethylphthalate and di-n-butylphthalate (DnBP) than a previous model. The model predictions are consistent with the observation that previously exposed clothing can increase dermal uptake over that observed in bare-skin participants for the same exposure air concentrations. The model predicts that dermal uptake from clothing of DnBP is a substantial fraction of total uptake from all sources of exposure. For compounds that have high dermal permeability coefficients, dermal uptake is increased for (i) thinner clothing, (ii) a narrower gap between clothing and skin, and (iii) longer time intervals between laundering and wearing. Enhanced dermal uptake is most pronounced for compounds with clothing-air partition coefficients between 10 4 and 10 7 . In the absence of direct measurements of cotton cloth-air partition coefficients, dermal exposure may be predicted using equilibrium data for compounds in equilibrium with cellulose and water, in combination with computational methods of predicting partition coefficients. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Influence of work clothing on physiological responses and performance during treadmill exercise and the Wildland Firefighter Pack Test.

PubMed

Phillips, Devin B; Ehnes, Cameron M; Welch, Bradley G; Lee, Lauren N; Simin, Irina; Petersen, Stewart R

2018-04-01

This study investigated physiological responses and performance during three separate exercise challenges (Parts I, II, and III) with wildland firefighting work clothing ensemble (boots and coveralls) and a 20.4 kg backpack in four conditions: U-EX (no pack, exercise clothing); L-EX (pack, exercise clothing); U-W (no pack, work clothing); and, L-W (pack and work clothing). Part I consisted of randomly-ordered graded exercise tests, on separate days, in U-EX, L-EX and L-W conditions. Part II consisted of randomly-ordered bouts of sub-maximal treadmill exercise in the four conditions. In Part III, subjects completed, in random-order on separate days, 4.83 km Pack Tests in L-EX or L-W conditions. In Part I, peak oxygen uptake was reduced (p < .05) in L-W. In Part II, mass-specific oxygen uptake was significantly higher in both work clothing conditions. In Part III, Pack Test time was slower (p < .05) in L-W. These results demonstrate the negative impact of work clothing and load carriage on physiological responses to exercise and performance. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Unexpected behavioural consequences of preterm newborns' clothing

PubMed Central

Durier, Virginie; Henry, Séverine; Martin, Emmanuelle; Dollion, Nicolas; Hausberger, Martine; Sizun, Jacques

2015-01-01

Restrictions of preterm newborns' movements could have consequences ranging from stress enhancement to impairment of their motor development. Therefore, ability to freely express motor activities appears crucial for their behavioural and physiological development. Our aim was to evaluate behavioural issues of two types of clothing used in NICU. We observed 18 healthy 34–37 post-conception week-old preterm newborns, during resting periods, when they were undisturbed by any interventions. Newborns wore either light clothing (bodysuit and a light wrapping) or heavy clothing (pyjamas, cardigan and sleep-sack). The percentages of time each subject spent in different postures were compared between clothing situations. Arm and hand postures differed in relation to clothing: babies bent their arms more and held their hands nearer their heads when in bodysuits than when in sleepwear. Consequently, babies in bodysuits spent more time touching their body or their environment whereas the others generally were touching nothing. Self-touch is an important way to comfort one's self. Heavy clothing may impair self-soothing behaviours of preterm newborn babies that already lack other forms of contact. Results suggest that more attention should be paid to apparently routine and marginal decisions such as choice of clothes. PMID:25776252

Agnosia Interferes With Daily Hygiene in Patients With Dementia

PubMed Central

Hamdy, R. C.; Kinser, A.; Culp, J.E.; Kendall-Wilson, T.; Depelteau, A.; Copeland, R.; Whalen, K.

2018-01-01

Patients with dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease, may not recognize that their clothes are dirty. They may see the food stains and discoloration of the clothes and yet because of their agnosia are unable to integrate these observations and deduce that their clothes are dirty and need to be changed. They will, therefore, resist attempts to get them to change clothes, especially if these clothes happen to be their favorite ones. This often causes caregivers to become frustrated, especially, if it represents a change in the patient’s previous habits of only wearing clean clothes. In this case study, we present a 72-year-old woman with moderate Alzheimer’s disease who lives with her daughter, who adamantly refuses to change the clothes she has been wearing for a few days and which are now clearly dirty. We report the interaction, highlight what went wrong in the patient–daughter interaction, and discuss how the catastrophic ending could have been avoided or averted. PMID:29900188

The effect of women's suggestive clothing on men's behavior and judgment: a field study.

PubMed

Guéguen, Nicolas

2011-10-01

Numerous studies have shown that men overestimate the sexual intent of women based on their clothing style; however, this hypothesis has not been assessed empirically in a natural setting. This small field study measured the time it took for men to approach two female confederates sitting in a tavern, one wearing suggestive clothes and one wearing more conservative clothes. The behavior of 108 men was observed over 54 periods on 16 different nights in two different taverns. The time it took for the men to approach after initial eye contact was significantly shorter in the suggestive clothing condition. The men were also asked by male confederates to rate the likelihood of having a date with the women, and having sex on the first date. The men rated their chances to have a date and to have sex significantly higher in the suggestive clothing condition. Results are discussed with respect to men's possible misinterpretation that women's clothing indicates sexual interest, and the risks associated with the misinterpretation.

The UTCI-clothing model.

PubMed

Havenith, George; Fiala, Dusan; Błazejczyk, Krzysztof; Richards, Mark; Bröde, Peter; Holmér, Ingvar; Rintamaki, Hannu; Benshabat, Yael; Jendritzky, Gerd

2012-05-01

The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was conceived as a thermal index covering the whole climate range from heat to cold. This would be impossible without considering clothing as the interface between the person (here, the physiological model of thermoregulation) and the environment. It was decided to develop a clothing model for this application in which the following three factors were considered: (1) typical dressing behaviour in different temperatures, as observed in the field, resulting in a model of the distribution of clothing over the different body segments in relation to the ambient temperature, (2) the changes in clothing insulation and vapour resistance caused by wind and body movement, and (3) the change in wind speed in relation to the height above ground. The outcome was a clothing model that defines in detail the effective clothing insulation and vapour resistance for each of the thermo-physiological model's body segments over a wide range of climatic conditions. This paper details this model's conception and documents its definitions.

Thermal response properties of protective clothing fabrics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Baitinger, W.F.

1995-12-31

In the industrial workplace, it becomes increasingly incumbent upon employers to require employees to use suitable protective equipment and to wear protective apparel. When workers may be subjected to accidental radiant, flame, or electric arc heat sources, work clothing should be used that does not become involved in burning. It is axiomatic that work clothing should not become a primary fuel source, adding to the level of heat exposure, since clothing is usually in intimate contact with the skin. Further, clothing should provide sufficient insulation to protect the skin from severe burn injury. If the worker receives such protection frommore » clothing, action then may be taken to escape the confronted thermal hazard. Published laboratory test methods are used to measure flame resistance and thermal responses of flame resistant fabrics in protective clothing. The purpose of this article is to review these test methods, to discuss certain limitations in application, and to suggest how flame resistant cotton fabrics may be used to enhance worker safety.« less

[Research and design for optimal position of electrocardio-electrodes in monitoring clothing for men].

PubMed

Liang, Lijun; Hu, Yao; Liu, Hao; Li, Xiaojiu; Li, Jin; He, Yin

2017-04-01

In order to reduce the mortality rate of cardiovascular disease patients effectively, improve the electrocardiogram (ECG) accuracy of signal acquisition, and reduce the influence of motion artifacts caused by the electrodes in inappropriate location in the clothing for ECG measurement, we in this article present a research on the optimum place of ECG electrodes in male clothing using three-lead monitoring methods. In the 3-lead ECG monitoring clothing for men we selected test points. Comparing the ECG and power spectrum analysis of the acquired ECG signal quality of each group of points, we determined the best location of ECG electrodes in the male monitoring clothing. The electrode motion artifacts caused by improper location had been significantly improved when electrodes were put in the best position of the clothing for men. The position of electrodes is crucial for ECG monitoring clothing. The stability of the acquired ECG signal could be improved significantly when electrodes are put at optimal locations.

DNA extraction and amplification from contemporary Polynesian bark-cloth.

PubMed

Moncada, Ximena; Payacán, Claudia; Arriaza, Francisco; Lobos, Sergio; Seelenfreund, Daniela; Seelenfreund, Andrea

2013-01-01

Paper mulberry has been used for thousands of years in Asia and Oceania for making paper and bark-cloth, respectively. Museums around the world hold valuable collections of Polynesian bark-cloth. Genetic analysis of the plant fibers from which the textiles were made may answer a number of questions of interest related to provenance, authenticity or species used in the manufacture of these textiles. Recovery of nucleic acids from paper mulberry bark-cloth has not been reported before. We describe a simple method for the extraction of PCR-amplifiable DNA from small samples of contemporary Polynesian bark-cloth (tapa) using two types of nuclear markers. We report the amplification of about 300 bp sequences of the ITS1 region and of a microsatellite marker. Sufficient DNA was retrieved from all bark-cloth samples to permit successful PCR amplification. This method shows a means of obtaining useful genetic information from modern bark-cloth samples and opens perspectives for the analyses of small fragments derived from ethnographic materials.

DNA Extraction and Amplification from Contemporary Polynesian Bark-Cloth

PubMed Central

Moncada, Ximena; Payacán, Claudia; Arriaza, Francisco; Lobos, Sergio; Seelenfreund, Daniela; Seelenfreund, Andrea

2013-01-01

Background Paper mulberry has been used for thousands of years in Asia and Oceania for making paper and bark-cloth, respectively. Museums around the world hold valuable collections of Polynesian bark-cloth. Genetic analysis of the plant fibers from which the textiles were made may answer a number of questions of interest related to provenance, authenticity or species used in the manufacture of these textiles. Recovery of nucleic acids from paper mulberry bark-cloth has not been reported before. Methodology We describe a simple method for the extraction of PCR-amplifiable DNA from small samples of contemporary Polynesian bark-cloth (tapa) using two types of nuclear markers. We report the amplification of about 300 bp sequences of the ITS1 region and of a microsatellite marker. Conclusions Sufficient DNA was retrieved from all bark-cloth samples to permit successful PCR amplification. This method shows a means of obtaining useful genetic information from modern bark-cloth samples and opens perspectives for the analyses of small fragments derived from ethnographic materials. PMID:23437166

Energy cost of wearing chemical protective clothing during progressive treadmill walking

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Patton, J.F.; Bidwell, T.E.; Murphy, M.M.

1995-03-01

While chemical protective (CP) clothing is known to adversely affect physical performance, few data exist regarding the physiological response of wearing US military cp clothing during incremental, dynamic exercise. To quantify the effects of CP clothing on energy cost and to test the hypothesis that the mask contributes little to this effect, oxygen uptake (vo2) and ventilation (VE) were determined in 14 male soldiers who walked on a treadmill at 1.56 m -5(-1) for 20 min each at 0, 5, and 10% grades in three clothing conditions: BDU (battledress uniform only).

46 CFR 160.048-3 - Materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... coated upholstery cloth meeting the minimum requirements set forth in paragraphs (d) (1) and (2) of this.... (2) Coated upholstery cloth. Coated upholstery cloth shall comply with the requirements of Federal...

46 CFR 160.048-3 - Materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... coated upholstery cloth meeting the minimum requirements set forth in paragraphs (d) (1) and (2) of this.... (2) Coated upholstery cloth. Coated upholstery cloth shall comply with the requirements of Federal...

46 CFR 160.048-3 - Materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... coated upholstery cloth meeting the minimum requirements set forth in paragraphs (d) (1) and (2) of this.... (2) Coated upholstery cloth. Coated upholstery cloth shall comply with the requirements of Federal...

46 CFR 160.048-3 - Materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... coated upholstery cloth meeting the minimum requirements set forth in paragraphs (d) (1) and (2) of this.... (2) Coated upholstery cloth. Coated upholstery cloth shall comply with the requirements of Federal...

30 CFR 75.1720 - Protective clothing; requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the active workings of an underground coal mine shall be required to wear the following protective clothing and devices: (a) Protective clothing or equipment and face-shields or goggles when welding...

30 CFR 75.1720 - Protective clothing; requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the active workings of an underground coal mine shall be required to wear the following protective clothing and devices: (a) Protective clothing or equipment and face-shields or goggles when welding...

30 CFR 75.1720 - Protective clothing; requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... the active workings of an underground coal mine shall be required to wear the following protective clothing and devices: (a) Protective clothing or equipment and face-shields or goggles when welding...

30 CFR 75.1720 - Protective clothing; requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... the active workings of an underground coal mine shall be required to wear the following protective clothing and devices: (a) Protective clothing or equipment and face-shields or goggles when welding...

30 CFR 75.1720 - Protective clothing; requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... the active workings of an underground coal mine shall be required to wear the following protective clothing and devices: (a) Protective clothing or equipment and face-shields or goggles when welding...

Atopic dermatitis - children - homecare

MedlinePlus

... your child in soft, comfortable clothing, such as cotton clothes. Have your child drink plenty of water. ... Use smooth, textured clothing and bedding, such as cotton. Sweating. Be careful not to over dress your ...

Classroom Temperature, Clothing and Thermal Comfort -- A Study of Secondary School Children in Summertime. Building Research Establishment Current Paper 22/74.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Humphreys, M. A.

1974-01-01

This article describes a study of summertime classroom temperature and its relationship to the clothing worn by English secondary school children. Data on classroom temperatures and children's clothing were recorded during one summer for a total of 987 lessons. Analysis of the data showed that the strong clothing-temperature correlation could be…

Modelling of Heat and Moisture Loss Through NBC Ensembles

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-11-01

the heat and moisture transport through various NBC clothing ensembles. The analysis involves simplifying the three dimensional physical problem of... clothing on a person to that of a one dimensional problem of flow through parallel layers of clothing and air. Body temperatures are calculated based on...prescribed work rates, ambient conditions and clothing properties. Sweat response and respiration rates are estimated based on empirical data to

Cold Regions - Environmental Testing of Individual Soldier Clothing

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-10-17

Individual Soldier Clothing 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHORS 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK...This Test Operations Procedure (TOP) provides testing guidelines for individual Soldier cold weather clothing and footwear in a cold regions...Soldier clothing , along with its safety, reliability, durability, and performance when exposed to a cold regions environment. 15. SUBJECT TERMS

3D quantification of microclimate volume in layered clothing for the prediction of clothing insulation.

PubMed

Lee, Yejin; Hong, Kyunghi; Hong, Sung-Ae

2007-05-01

Garment fit and resultant air volume is a crucial factor in thermal insulation, and yet, it has been difficult to quantify the air volume of clothing microclimate and relate it to the thermal insulation value just using the information on the size of clothing pattern without actual 3D volume measurement in wear condition. As earlier methods for the computation of air volume in clothing microclimate, vacuum over suit and circumference model have been used. However, these methods have inevitable disadvantages in terms of cost or accuracy due to the limitations of measurement equipment. In this paper, the phase-shifting moiré topography was introduced as one of the 3D scanning tools to measure the air volume of clothing microclimate quantitatively. The purpose of this research is to adopt a non-contact image scanning technology, phase-shifting moiré topography, to ascertain relationship between air volume and insulation value of layered clothing systems in wear situations where the 2D fabric creates new conditions in 3D spaces. The insulation of vests over shirts as a layered clothing system was measured with a thermal manikin in the environmental condition of 20 degrees C, 65% RH and air velocity of 0.79 m/s. As the pattern size increased, the insulation of the clothing system was increased. But beyond a certain limit, the insulation started to decrease due to convection and ventilation, which is more apparent when only the vest was worn over the torso of manikin. The relationship between clothing air volume and insulation was difficult to predict with a single vest due to the extreme openings which induced active ventilation. But when the vest was worn over the shirt, the effects of thickness of the fabrics on insulation were less pronounced compared with that of air volume. In conclusion, phase-shifting moiré topography was one of the efficient and accurate ways of quantifying air volume and its distribution across the clothing microclimate. It is also noted that air volume becomes more crucial factor in predicting thermal insulation when clothing is layered.

Thermal insulation and clothing area factors of typical Arabian Gulf clothing ensembles for males and females: measurements using thermal manikins.

PubMed

Al-ajmi, F F; Loveday, D L; Bedwell, K H; Havenith, G

2008-05-01

The thermal insulation of clothing is one of the most important parameters used in the thermal comfort model adopted by the International Standards Organisation (ISO) [BS EN ISO 7730, 2005. Ergonomics of the thermal environment. Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria. International Standardisation Organisation, Geneva.] and by ASHRAE [ASHRAE Handbook, 2005. Fundamentals. Chapter 8. American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Circle N.E., Atlanta, GA.]. To date, thermal insulation values of mainly Western clothing have been published with only minimal data being available for non-Western clothing. Thus, the objective of the present study is to measure and present the thermal insulation (clo) values of a number of Arabian Gulf garments as worn by males and females. The clothing ensembles and garments of Arabian Gulf males and females presented in this study are representative of those typically worn in the region during both summer and winter seasons. Measurements of total thermal insulation values (clo) were obtained using a male and a female shape thermal manikin in accordance with the definition of insulation as given in ISO 9920. In addition, the clothing area factors (f cl) determined in two different ways were compared. The first method used a photographic technique and the second a regression equation as proposed in ISO 9920, based on the insulation values of Arabian Gulf male and female garments and ensembles as they were determined in this study. In addition, fibre content, descriptions and weights of Arabian Gulf clothing have been recorded and tabulated in this study. The findings of this study are presented as additions to the existing knowledge base of clothing insulation, and provide for the first time data for Arabian Gulf clothing. The analysis showed that for these non-Western clothing designs, the most widely used regression calculation of f cl is not valid. However, despite the very large errors in f cl made with the regression method, the errors this causes in the intrinsic clothing insulation value, I cl, are limited.

Ethnicity, Clothing Style, and Body Mass Index are Significant Predictors of Vitamin D Insufficiency in Germany.

PubMed

Farahati, Jamshid; Nagarajah, James; Gilman, Elena; Mahjoob, Soha; Zohreh, Moussavi; Rosenbaum-Krumme, Sandra; Bockisch, Andreas; Zakavi, S Rasoul

2015-02-01

To analyze risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency in Germany with respect to ethnicity, sex, and clothing style. We analyzed the routine diagnostic work-ups of 1,231 adult (45.9 ± 17.9 years old) German (n = 1,034) and Turk residents (n = 197) referred with nonspecific symptoms to the Thyroid Centers at St. Elisabeth-Hospital in Dorsten, Germany and Bottrop, Germany to assess for metabolic diseases. All subjects underwent a routine examination that consisted of a questionnaire, lab tests for 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25OHD), and thyroid profile. Turk females with traditional clothing (headscarf and covered legs and arms) were considered to wear "covered clothing." Logistic-regression was performed to identify factors that could predict vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) and insufficiency (20-30 ng/mL). Vitamin D insufficiency was seen in 33% of Germans and 74.1% of Turks, and vitamin D deficiency was present in 11.3% and 44.2% of Germans and Turks, respectively (P<.001). The mean 25OHD value in Turk females with covered clothes was lower than that in Turk females with conventional clothing (16.3 ± 12.3 vs. 27.2 ± 15.8, P<.001). Vitamin D insufficiency was present in 86.0% of Turk females with covered clothing versus 62.8% with conventional clothing (odds ratio [OR] = 3.6, P = .002). Ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), and clothing style were significant predictors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency by logistic regression (P<.001). (1) Vitamin D insufficiency among Turk residents in Germany is higher compared to Germans. The highest prevalence was present in Turk females with covered clothing. (2) Monitoring vitamin D in Turk residents in Germany is warranted. (3) Vitamin D supplements and access to facilities with sunlight exposure for females with covered clothing and all individuals with poor diets or limited access to sun exposure may prevent future health burden due to vitamin D insufficiency.

Thermal clothing to reduce heart failure morbidity during winter: a randomised controlled trial

PubMed Central

Stewart, Ian; Beevers, Andrea; Fraser, John F; Platts, David

2017-01-01

Objective To examine whether providing thermal clothing improved the health of patients with heart failure during winter. Design Parallel group randomised controlled trial. Setting Large public hospital in Brisbane during winter 2016. Participants 91 patients with systolic or diastolic heart failure who were over 50 years old. Intervention 47 patients were randomised to receive thermal clothes (socks, top and hat) and 44 received usual care. Patients could not be blinded to their randomised group. All patients’ data were available for the primary outcome which was collected blind to randomised group. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was the mean number of days in hospital during winter. Secondary outcomes included quality of life and sleep, and blood tests were collected for cardiovascular risk factors. Participants completed clothing diaries in midwinter which were used to estimate their overall clothing insulation using the ‘clo’. Monitors inside the participants’ homes recorded indoor temperatures throughout winter. Results The mean number of days in hospital during winter was 4.2 in the usual care group and 3.0 in the thermal clothing group (mean difference –1.2 days, 95% CI –4.8 to 2.5 days). Most participants (85%) in the thermal clothing group reported using the thermals. There was an increase in overall clothing insulation at night in the thermal clothing group (mean difference 0.13 clo, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.23). Most participants in both groups did not wear sufficient clothing (defined as a clo below 1) and regularly experienced indoor temperatures below 18°C during midwinter. Conclusions There was no clear statistical improvement in health in the thermal clothing group. Efforts to improve health during winter may need to focus on passive interventions such as home insulation rather than interventions that target behaviour change. Trial registration number ACTRN12615001023549; Results. PMID:28993390

Thermal clothing to reduce heart failure morbidity during winter: a randomised controlled trial.

PubMed

Barnett, Adrian Gerard; Stewart, Ian; Beevers, Andrea; Fraser, John F; Platts, David

2017-10-08

To examine whether providing thermal clothing improved the health of patients with heart failure during winter. Parallel group randomised controlled trial. Large public hospital in Brisbane during winter 2016. 91 patients with systolic or diastolic heart failure who were over 50 years old. 47 patients were randomised to receive thermal clothes (socks, top and hat) and 44 received usual care. Patients could not be blinded to their randomised group. All patients' data were available for the primary outcome which was collected blind to randomised group. The primary outcome was the mean number of days in hospital during winter. Secondary outcomes included quality of life and sleep, and blood tests were collected for cardiovascular risk factors. Participants completed clothing diaries in midwinter which were used to estimate their overall clothing insulation using the 'clo'. Monitors inside the participants' homes recorded indoor temperatures throughout winter. The mean number of days in hospital during winter was 4.2 in the usual care group and 3.0 in the thermal clothing group (mean difference -1.2 days, 95% CI -4.8 to 2.5 days). Most participants (85%) in the thermal clothing group reported using the thermals. There was an increase in overall clothing insulation at night in the thermal clothing group (mean difference 0.13 clo, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.23). Most participants in both groups did not wear sufficient clothing (defined as a clo below 1) and regularly experienced indoor temperatures below 18°C during midwinter. There was no clear statistical improvement in health in the thermal clothing group. Efforts to improve health during winter may need to focus on passive interventions such as home insulation rather than interventions that target behaviour change. ACTRN12615001023549; Results. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

SOUTH WING, MTR661. INTERIOR DETAIL INSIDE LAB ROOM 131. CAMERA ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

SOUTH WING, MTR-661. INTERIOR DETAIL INSIDE LAB ROOM 131. CAMERA FACING NORTHEAST. NOTE CONCRETE BLOCK WALLS. SAFETY SHOWER AND EYE WASHER AT REAR WALL. INL NEGATIVE NO. HD46-7-2. Mike Crane, Photographer, 2/2005. - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Reactor Area, Materials & Engineering Test Reactors, Scoville, Butte County, ID

Standard specification for carbon and alloy steel nuts. ASTM standard

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-16 on Fasteners and is the responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, and Washers. Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1997. Published July 1998. Originally published as A 563-66. Last previous edition A 563-96.

Reading Polymorphemic Dutch Compounds: Toward a Multiple Route Model of Lexical Processing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuperman, Victor; Schreuder, Robert; Bertram, Raymond; Baayen, R. Harald

2009-01-01

This article reports an eye-tracking experiment with 2,500 polymorphemic Dutch compounds presented in isolation for visual lexical decision while readers' eye movements were registered. The authors found evidence that both full forms of compounds ("dishwasher") and their constituent morphemes (e.g., "dish," "washer," "er") and morphological…

78 FR 16196 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter Deutschland GmbH Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-14

... corrugated washer in the middle of the main transmission filter housing upper part and modifying the main... revealed the bypass inlet in the oil filter area was not manufactured in accordance with applicable design... revealed the bypass inlet in the oil filter area had not been manufactured in accordance with the...

77 FR 75975 - Large Residential Washers From the Republic of Korea: Final Affirmative Countervailing Duty...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-26

... determines that material injury, or threat of material injury, does not exist, this proceeding will be... R&D Program/Information Display R&D Center Program [squf] Support for SME ``Green Partnerships... R&D'' Program Comment 15: Whether the Department Erred in Finding That the ``SME Green Partnerships...

76 FR 40219 - Airworthiness Directives; Various Aircraft Equipped With Rotax Aircraft Engines 912 A Series Engine

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-08

... Airworthiness Directives; Various Aircraft Equipped With Rotax Aircraft Engines 912 A Series Engine AGENCY... installed on a limited number of engines. No defective washers have been shipped as spare parts. This... consequent ignition failure, possibly resulting in damage to the engine, in- flight engine shutdown and...

77 FR 75972 - Foreign-Trade Zone 26 - Atlanta, Georgia Notification of Proposed Production Activity Suzuki Mfg...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-26

... able to choose the duty rate during customs entry procedures that apply to ATVs and related components... include: articles of rubber, hoses, gaskets, washers, fasteners, springs, sign plates/ labels, brackets, plates, braces, fittings, body parts, engines and related parts, pumps, fans, valves, hose/pipe...

75 FR 59071 - Airworthiness Directives; Bombardier, Inc. Model CL-600-2B16 (CL-604 Variants (Including CL-605...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-27

... turbine imbalance. Such imbalance could potentially result in ADG structural failure (including blade... screw failure on similar ADGs [air-driven generators]/ram air turbines installed on other aircraft types... can result in loss of the related balance washer, with consequent turbine imbalance. Such imbalance...

75 FR 31731 - Airworthiness Directives; Bombardier, Inc. Model BD-700-1A10 and BD-700-1A11 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-04

... turbine imbalance. Such imbalance could potentially result in RAT structural failure (including blade... turbine imbalance. Such imbalance could potentially result in RAT structural failure (including blade... reported cases of balance washer screw failure on similar RATs [ram air turbines]/air driven generators...

10 CFR 431.156 - Energy and water conservation standards and effective dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Energy and water conservation standards and effective dates. 431.156 Section 431.156 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAM FOR CERTAIN COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT Commercial Clothers Washers Energy Conservation Standards § 431.156 Energy and water conservation...

10 CFR 431.156 - Energy and water conservation standards and effective dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Energy and water conservation standards and effective dates. 431.156 Section 431.156 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAM FOR CERTAIN COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT Commercial Clothers Washers Energy Conservation Standards § 431.156 Energy and water conservation...

49 CFR 583.7 - Procedure for determining major foreign sources of passenger motor vehicle equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., oil, blackout, phosphate rinse, windshield washer fluid, fasteners, tire assembly fluid, rivets... equipment, and the U.S. and Canada are treated together. (d) Determination of the percentage of the total... basis by— (1) Adding up the total value of all of the passenger motor vehicle equipment (regardless of...

49 CFR 583.7 - Procedure for determining major foreign sources of passenger motor vehicle equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., oil, blackout, phosphate rinse, windshield washer fluid, fasteners, tire assembly fluid, rivets... equipment, and the U.S. and Canada are treated together. (d) Determination of the percentage of the total... basis by— (1) Adding up the total value of all of the passenger motor vehicle equipment (regardless of...

49 CFR 583.7 - Procedure for determining major foreign sources of passenger motor vehicle equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., oil, blackout, phosphate rinse, windshield washer fluid, fasteners, tire assembly fluid, rivets... equipment, and the U.S. and Canada are treated together. (d) Determination of the percentage of the total... basis by— (1) Adding up the total value of all of the passenger motor vehicle equipment (regardless of...

49 CFR 583.7 - Procedure for determining major foreign sources of passenger motor vehicle equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., oil, blackout, phosphate rinse, windshield washer fluid, fasteners, tire assembly fluid, rivets... equipment, and the U.S. and Canada are treated together. (d) Determination of the percentage of the total... basis by— (1) Adding up the total value of all of the passenger motor vehicle equipment (regardless of...

16 CFR 305.20 - Paper catalogs and Web sites.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... based on a [Year] national average electricity cost of [ ___ cents per kWh]. For more information, visit... estimated operating cost is based on a [Year] national average [electricity, natural gas, propane, or oil... washers] and a [Year] national average cost of ___ cents per kWh for electricity and $ ___ per therm for...

Characterization of a medium-sized washer-gun for an axisymmetric mirror

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yi, Hongshen; Liu, Ming; Shi, Peiyun; Yang, Zhida; Zhu, Guanghui; Lu, Quanming; Sun, Xuan

2018-04-01

A new medium-sized washer gun is developed for a plasma start-up in a fully axisymmetric mirror. The gun is positioned at the east end of the Keda Mirror with AXisymmetricity facility and operated in the pulsed mode with an arc discharging time of 1.2 ms and a typical arc current of 8.5 kA with 1.5 kV discharge voltage. To optimize the operation, a systematic scan of the neutral pressure, the arc voltage, the bias voltage on a mesh grid 6 cm in front of the gun and an end electrode located on the west end of mirror, and the mirror ratio was performed. The streaming plasma was measured with triple probes in the three mirror cells and a diamagnetic loop in the central cell. Floating potential measurements suggest that the plasma could be divided into streaming and mirror-confined plasmas. The floating potential for the streaming plasma is negative, with an electric field pointing inwards. The mirror-confined plasma has a typical lifetime of 0.5 ms.

Development of neutral beam injection system by use of washer gun plasma source

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Imanaka, Heizo; Kajiya, Hirotaka; Nemoto, Yuichi; Azuma, Akiyoshi; Asai, Tomoaki; Yamada, Takuma; Inomoto, Michiaki; Ono, Yasushi

2008-11-01

For the past ten years, we have been investigating high-beta Spherical Tokamaks (ST) formation using reconnection heating of their axial merging in the TS-4 experiment, University of Tokyo. The produced ST was observed to have the maximum beta of 50-60% right after the merging of two STs. A key issue after the formation is to maintain the produced high-beta ST over 100 Alfven times for its stability check. A new low-cost pulsed neutral beam injection (NBI) system has been arranged for its sustainment experiment. Its advantages are 1) low voltage (15kV for low-field side of ST) and high current (20A), 2) maintenance-free, 3) low-cost. The conventional filament plasma source was replaced by the washer gun to realize air-cooled and maintenance free NBI system. In its startup experiment, we already extracted the maximum beam current of 3.7A for then acceleration voltage of 10kV successfully. This result suggests that the increase in the acceleration voltage and several conditioning work will realize its designed beam parameters of 15kV, 20A.

Characterization of a medium-sized washer-gun for an axisymmetric mirror.

PubMed

Yi, Hongshen; Liu, Ming; Shi, Peiyun; Yang, Zhida; Zhu, Guanghui; Lu, Quanming; Sun, Xuan

2018-04-01

A new medium-sized washer gun is developed for a plasma start-up in a fully axisymmetric mirror. The gun is positioned at the east end of the Keda Mirror with AXisymmetricity facility and operated in the pulsed mode with an arc discharging time of 1.2 ms and a typical arc current of 8.5 kA with 1.5 kV discharge voltage. To optimize the operation, a systematic scan of the neutral pressure, the arc voltage, the bias voltage on a mesh grid 6 cm in front of the gun and an end electrode located on the west end of mirror, and the mirror ratio was performed. The streaming plasma was measured with triple probes in the three mirror cells and a diamagnetic loop in the central cell. Floating potential measurements suggest that the plasma could be divided into streaming and mirror-confined plasmas. The floating potential for the streaming plasma is negative, with an electric field pointing inwards. The mirror-confined plasma has a typical lifetime of 0.5 ms.

Sanitation in self-service automatic washers.

PubMed Central

Buford, L E; Pickett, M S; Hartman, P A

1977-01-01

The potential for microbial transfer in self-service laundry washing machines was investigated by obtaining swab samples from the interior surfaces of commercial machines and wash water samples before and after disinfectant treatment. Three disinfectants (chlorine, a quaternary ammonium product, and a phenolic disinfectant) were used. Four self-service laundry facilities were sampled, with 10 replications of the procedure for each treatment at each location. Although washers were set on a warmwater setting, the wash water temperatures ranged from 24 to 51 degrees C. The quaternary ammonium product seemed most effective, averaging a 97% microbial kill; chlorine was the second most effective, with a 58% kill, and the phenolic disinfectant was least effective, with only a 25% kill. The efficacies of the chlorine and phenolic disinfectants were reduced at low water temperatures commonly experienced in self-service laundries. Interfamily cross-contamination in self-service facilities is a potential public health problem, which is aggravated by environmental conditions, such as water temperature and the practices of the previous users of the equipment. Procedural changes in laundering are recommended, including the use of a disinfectant to maintain adequate levels of sanitation. PMID:13714

CFD Analysis of Tile-Repair Augers for the Shuttle Orbiter Re-Entry Aeroheating

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mazaheri, Ali R.

2007-01-01

A three-dimensional aerothermodynamic model of the shuttle orbiter's tile overlay repair (TOR) sub-assembly is presented. This sub-assembly, which is an overlay that covers the damaged tiles, is modeled as a protuberance with a constant thickness. The washers and augers that serve as the overlay fasteners are modeled as cylindrical protuberances with constant thicknesses. Entry aerothermodynamic cases are studied to provide necessary inputs for future thermal analyses and to support the space-shuttle return-to-flight effort. The NASA Langley Aerothermodynamic Upwind Relaxation Algorithm (LAURA) is used to calculate heat transfer rate on the surfaces of the tile overlay repair and augers. Gas flow is modeled as non-equilibrium, five species air in thermal equilibrium. Heat transfer rate and surface temperatures are analyzed and studied for a shuttle orbiter trajectory point at Mach 17.85. Computational results show that the average heat transfer rate normalized with respect to its value at body point 1800 is about BF=1.9 for the auger head. It is also shown that the average BF for the auger and washer heads is about BF=2.0.