Sample records for cno processed material

  1. Dust formation in LBV envelopes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gail, H.-P.; Duschl, W. J.; Ferrarotti, A. S.; Weis, K.

    2005-09-01

    The condensation process for the peculiar element mixture of CNO cycle processed material in the pre-SN ejecta of massive stars is investigated. From thermodynamic equilibrium calculations it is shown that the most likely solids to be formed in CNO process equilibrated materials are solid FeSi, metallic Fe, and small quantities of forsterite (Mg2SiO4). Nucleation may be triggered by TiC. Some SiC may be formed by non-equilibrium condensation. As a case study for these substances the non-equilibrium dust condensation in the outflow is calculated for a simple stationary wind model which shows, that these dust species indeed can be formed in the ejecta.

  2. Meridional circulation and CNO anomalies in red giant stars

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sweigart, A. V.; Mengel, J. G.

    1979-01-01

    The possibility is investigated that meridional circulation driven by internal rotation might lead to the mixing of CNO-processed material from the vicinity of the hydrogen shell into the envelope of a red giant star. This theory of meridional mixing is found to be generally consistent with available data and to be capable of explaining a number of observational results without invoking a radical departure from the standard physics of stellar interiors. It is suggested that meridional circulation must be a normal characteristic of a rotating star and that meridional mixing provides a reasonable framework for understanding many of the CNO anomalies exhibited by weak-G-band and CN-strong stars as well as the low C-12/C-13 ratios measured among field red giants.

  3. A facile method for high yield synthesis of carbon nano onions for designing binder-free flexible supercapacitor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mohapatra, Debananda; Badrayyana, Subramanya; Parida, Smrutiranjan

    2017-05-01

    Carbon nano onion (CNO) is a promising material for diverse application areas such as energy devices, catalysis, lubrication, biology and gas storage, etc. However, its implementation is fraught with the production of high-quality powders in bulk quantity. Herein, we report a facile scalable and one-step "wick-and-oil" flame synthesis of pure and water dispersible CNO nanopowder. Other forms of carbon did not contaminate the as-prepared CNO; hence, a post processing purification procedure was not necessary. Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) specific surface area of as-prepared CNO was 218 m2/g, which is higher as compared to other reported flame synthesis methods. Locally available daily used cotton wipe has been used for fabrication of such an ideal electrode by "dipping and drying" process providing outstanding strechability and mechanical flexibility with strong adhesion between CNOs and porous wipe. The specific capacitance 102.16 F/g, energy density 14.18 Wh/kg and power density 2448 W/kg at 20 mV/s scan rate are the highest values that ever recorded and reported so far in symmetrical two electrode cell configuration with 1M Na2SO4 electrolyte; indicating a very good synthesis conditions employed with optimum pore size in agreement with electrolyte ion size. This free standing CNOs electrode also showed an excellent cyclic performance and stability retaining 95% original capacity after 5000 charge -discharge cycles. Simple preparation of high-purity CNOs and excellent electrochemical behavior of functionalized CNOs make them a promising electrode material for supercapacitor applications. Furthermore, this unique method not only affords binder free - freestanding electrode, but also provide a general way of fabricating such multifunctional promising CNOs based nanocomposites for their potential device applications in flexible solar cells and lithium ion batteries.

  4. Seasonal variation of fine- and coarse-mode nitrates and related aerosols over East Asia: synergetic observations and chemical transport model analysis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Uno, Itsushi; Osada, Kazuo; Yumimoto, Keiya; Wang, Zhe; Itahashi, Syuichi; Pan, Xiaole; Hara, Yukari; Kanaya, Yugo; Yamamoto, Shigekazu; Fairlie, Thomas Duncan

    2017-11-01

    We analyzed long-term fine- and coarse-mode synergetic observations of nitrate and related aerosols (SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, Na+, Ca2+) at Fukuoka (33.52° N, 130.47° E) from August 2014 to October 2015. A Goddard Earth Observing System chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) including dust and sea salt acid uptake processes was used to assess the observed seasonal variation and the impact of long-range transport (LRT) from the Asian continent. For fine aerosols (fSO42-, fNO3-, and fNH4+), numerical results explained the seasonal changes, and a sensitivity analysis excluding Japanese domestic emissions clarified the LRT fraction at Fukuoka (85 % for fSO42-, 47 % for fNO3-, 73 % for fNH4+). Observational data confirmed that coarse NO3- (cNO3-) made up the largest proportion (i.e., 40-55 %) of the total nitrate (defined as the sum of fNO3-, cNO3-, and HNO3) during the winter, while HNO3 gas constituted approximately 40 % of the total nitrate in summer and fNO3- peaked during the winter. Large-scale dust-nitrate (mainly cNO3-) outflow from China to Fukuoka was confirmed during all dust events that occurred between January and June. The modeled cNO3- was in good agreement with observations between July and November (mainly coming from sea salt NO3-). During the winter, however, the model underestimated cNO3- levels compared to the observed levels. The reason for this underestimation was examined statistically using multiple regression analysis (MRA). We used cNa+, nss-cCa2+, and cNH4+ as independent variables to describe the observed cNO3- levels; these variables were considered representative of sea salt cNO3-, dust cNO3-, and cNO3- accompanied by cNH4+), respectively. The MRA results explained the observed seasonal changes in dust cNO3- and indicated that the dust-acid uptake scheme reproduced the observed dust-nitrate levels even in winter. The annual average contributions of each component were 43 % (sea salt cNO3-), 19 % (dust cNO3-), and 38 % (cNH4+ term). The MRA dust-cNO3- component had a high value during the dust season, and the sea salt component made a large contribution throughout the year. During the winter, cNH4+ term made a large contribution. The model did not include aerosol microphysical processes (such as condensation and coagulation between the fine anthropogenic aerosols NO3- and SO42- and coarse particles), and our results suggest that inclusion of aerosol microphysical processes is critical when studying observed cNO3- formation, especially in winter.

  5. Evolutionary helium and CNO anomalies in the atmospheres and winds of massive hot stars

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Walborn, Nolan R.

    1987-01-01

    The ubiquitous evidence for processed materials in the atmospheres, winds, and circumstellar ejecta of massive stars is reviewed. A broad array of normal and peculiar evolutionary stages is considered, up to and including Type II supernova progenitors. The quantitative analysis of these spectra is difficult, and until recently for the most part only qualitative or approximate results have been available. However, several important current programs promise reliable abundance calculations. A significant emerging result is that the morphologically normal majority of both hot and cold supergiants may already display an admixture of CNO-cycle products in their atmospheres. It may become possible in this way to identify blue supergiants returning from the red supergiant region, as appears to have been the case for the SN 1987A progenitor.

  6. Response profiles of enteric methane emissions and lactational performance during habituation to dietary coconut oil in dairy cows.

    PubMed

    Hollmann, M; Powers, W J; Fogiel, A C; Liesman, J S; Beede, D K

    2013-03-01

    Dietary coconut oil (CNO) can reduce dry matter intake (DMI), enteric methane (eCH(4)) emissions, and milk fat yield of lactating cows. The goals of this research were to examine responses to different CNO concentrations during the habituation period (34-d) and to evaluate temporal patterns of DMI, eCH(4), and milk fat yield. Treatment diets contained (dry basis): 0.0% (CNO0), 1.3% (CNO1.3), 2.7% (CNO2.7), 3.3% (CNO3.3), or 4.0% CNO (CNO4). In experiment 1, 12 primi- or small secundiparous cows were housed in individual, environmentally controlled rooms and fed CNO0, CNO1.3, CNO2.7, or CNO4. Measurements included DMI, eCH(4), and milk yield and composition. Due to a precipitous drop in DMI (26%), cows fed CNO4 were replaced with cows fed CNO3.3 following d 10. Dietary CNO of 2.7% or more reduced eCH(4) emissions. Reduction was greater with increased CNO and during the first than the second half of the day. Simultaneously, decline in DMI of cows fed CNO2.7, CNO3.3, or CNO4 was increasingly precipitous with increased CNO concentration. Total-tract neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility during wk 5 was reduced in cows fed CNO2.7 or CNO3.3, which in part explained concomitantly reduced eCH(4)/DMI. In addition, milk fat yield was depressed at an increasing rate in cows fed CNO2.7, CNO3.3, and CNO4. In experiment 2, DMI was measured individually in 12 multiparous cows during habituation to CNO0, CNO1.3, CNO2.7, or CNO3.3 for 21 d before relocation to individual, environmentally controlled rooms. Dietary CNO2.7 or CNO3.3 reduced DMI by d 4 and total-tract NDF digestibility during wk 5. Relocation to individual rooms was associated with a 15% reduction in DMI, which was not affected by treatment. Results showed that 2.7% or more dietary CNO reduced eCH(4) and DMI, caused milk fat depression, and decreased NDF digestibility. Copyright © 2013 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. A Large C+N+O Abundance Spread in Giant Stars of the Globular Cluster NGC 1851

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yong, David; Grundahl, Frank; D'Antona, Francesca; Karakas, Amanda I.; Lattanzio, John C.; Norris, John E.

    2009-04-01

    Abundances of C, N, and O are determined in four bright red giants that span the known abundance range for light (Na and Al) and s-process (Zr and La) elements in the globular cluster NGC 1851. The abundance sum C+N+O exhibits a range of 0.6 dex, a factor of 4, in contrast to other clusters in which no significant C+N+O spread is found. Such an abundance range offers support for the Cassisi et al. scenario in which the double subgiant branch populations are coeval but with different mixtures of C+N+O abundances. Further, the Na, Al, Zr, and La abundances are correlated with C+N+O, and therefore NGC 1851 is the first cluster to provide strong support for the scenario in which asymptotic giant branch stars are responsible for the globular cluster light element abundance variations. This paper includes data gathered with the 6.5 meter Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile.

  8. Host-sensitized luminescence properties in CaNb2O6:Ln(3+) (Ln(3+) = Eu(3+)/Tb(3+)/Dy(3+)/Sm(3+)) phosphors with abundant colors.

    PubMed

    Li, Kai; Liu, Xiaoming; Zhang, Yang; Li, Xuejiao; Lian, Hongzhou; Lin, Jun

    2015-01-05

    A series of Ln(3+) (Ln(3+) = Eu(3+)/Tb(3+)/Dy(3+)/Sm(3+)) ion doped CaNb2O6 (CNO) phosphors have been prepared via the conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction route. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and structure refinement, diffuse reflection, photoluminescence (PL), and fluorescent decay curves were used to characterize the as-prepared samples. Under UV radiation, the CNO host present a broad emission band from about 355 to 605 nm centered around 460 nm originating from the NbO6 octahedral groups, which has spectral overlaps with the excitation of f-f transitions of Eu(3+)/Tb(3+)/Dy(3+)/Sm(3+) in CNO:Eu(3+)/Tb(3+)/Dy(3+)/Sm(3+) samples. They show both host emission and respective emission lines derived from the characteristic f-f transitions of activators, which present different emission colors owing to the energy transfer from the NbO6 group in the host to Eu(3+)/Tb(3+)/Dy(3+)/Sm(3+) with increasing activator concentrations. The decreases of decay lifetimes of host emissions in CNO:Eu(3+)/Tb(3+)/Dy(3+)/Sm(3+) demonstrate the energy transfer from the hosts to Eu(3+)/Tb(3+)/Dy(3+)/Sm(3+). The energy transfer mechanisms in CNO:Eu(3+)/Tb(3+)/Dy(3+) phosphors have been determined to be a resonant type via dipole-dipole mechanisms. For CNO:Sm(3+), the metal-metal charge transfer transition (MMCT) might contribute to the different variations of decay lifetimes and emission intensity from CNO:Eu(3+)/Tb(3+)/Dy(3+) samples. The best quantum efficiency is 71.2% for CNO:0.01/0.02Dy(3+). The PL properties of as-prepared materials indicate the promising application in UV-pumped white-emitting lighting diodes field.

  9. Materials Data on Er2C(NO)2 (SG:164) by Materials Project

    DOE Data Explorer

    Kristin Persson

    2014-11-02

    Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

  10. ON THE EFFECT OF EXPLOSIVE THERMONUCLEAR BURNING ON THE ACCRETED ENVELOPES OF WHITE DWARFS IN CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sion, Edward M.; Sparks, Warren, E-mail: edward.sion@villanova.edu, E-mail: warrensparks@comcast.net

    2014-11-20

    The detection of heavy elements at suprasolar abundances in the atmospheres of some accreting white dwarfs in cataclysmic variables (CVs), coupled with the high temperatures needed to produce these elements, requires explosive thermonuclear burning. The central temperatures of any formerly more massive secondary stars in CVs undergoing hydrostatic CNO burning are far too low to produce these elements. Evidence is presented that at least some CVs contain donor secondaries that have been contaminated by white dwarf remnant burning during the common envelope phase and are transferring this material back to the white dwarf. This scenario does not exclude the channelmore » in which formerly more massive donor stars underwent CNO processing in systems with thermal timescale mass transfer. Implications for the progenitors of CVs are discussed and a new scenario for the white dwarf's accretion-nova-outburst is given.« less

  11. Fabrication and modeling of electrochemical double-layer capacitors using carbon nano-onion electrode structures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Parigi, Fabio

    Electrochemical capacitors or ultracapacitors (UCs) that are commercially available today overcome battery limitations in terms of charging time (from tens of minutes to seconds) and limited lifetime (from a few thousand cycles up to more than one million) but still lack specific energy and energy density (2-5% of a lithium ion battery). The latest innovations in carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes as an active electrode material for UCs, can provide up to five times as much energy and deliver up to seven times more power than today's activated carbon electrodes. Further improvements in UC power density have been achieved by using state-of-the-art carbon nano-onions (CNOs) for ultracapacitor electrodes. CNO UCs could exhibit up to five times the power density of single-wall CNT UCs and could substantially contribute to reducing the size of an energy storage system as well as the volume and weight, thus improving device performance. This dissertation describes the fabrication of CNO electrodes as part of an UC device, the measurement and analysis of the new electrode's performance as an energy storage component, and development of a new circuit model that accurately describes the CNO UC electrical behavior. The novel model is based on the impedance spectra of CNO UCs and cyclic voltammetry measurements. Further, the model was validated using experimental data and simulation. My original contributions are the fabrication process for reliable and repeatable electrode fabrication and the modeling of a carbon nano-onion ultracapacitor. The carbon nano-onion ultracapacitor model, composed of a resistor, an inductor, a capacitor (RLC), and a constant phase element (CPE), was developed along with a parameter extraction procedure for the benefit of other users. The new model developed, proved to be more accurate than previously reported UC models.

  12. Measurements of heavy ions in the low-altitude regions of the outer zone

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Blake, J. B.; Fennell, J. F.; Hovestadt, D.

    1980-11-01

    Measurements of heavy ions in the low-altitude outer zone are discussed. The data were acquired with a heavy-ion sensor aboard the S3-2 satellite in the time period between Dec. 24, 1975, and March 3, 1976. Mirroring fluxes of 370/sq/s/sr He ions and CNO ions were observed; thus, the CNO/He ratio was about 6.8 x 10 to the -5th. Equatorial measurements gave a much larger He/CNO ratio showing that magnetospheric processes strongly discriminate against populating the low-altitude regions with ions of increasing mass in the energy range of hundreds of keV. In addition, a comparison of the S3-2 data with those from Injun 5 acquired in Jan. 1969 in the same region of the magnetosphere indicated that the low-altitude CNO/He ratio is strongly time dependent.

  13. Hypolipidemic effect of oils with balanced amounts of fatty acids obtained by blending and interesterification of coconut oil with rice bran oil or sesame oil.

    PubMed

    Reena, Malongil B; Lokesh, Belur R

    2007-12-12

    Blended oils comprising coconut oil (CNO) and rice bran oil (RBO) or sesame oil (SESO) with saturated fatty acid/monounsaturated fatty acid/polyunsaturated fatty acid at a ratio of 1:1:1 and polyunsaturated/saturated ratio of 0.8-1 enriched with nutraceuticals were prepared. Blended oils (B) were subjected to interesterification reaction using sn-1,3 specific Lipase from Rhizomucor miehei. Fatty acid composition and nutraceutical contents of the blended oil were not affected by interesterification reaction. Male Wistar rats were fed with AIN-76 diet containing 10% fat from CNO, RBO, SESO, CNO+RBO blend (B), CNO+SESO(B), CNO+RBO interesterified (I), or CNO+SESO(I) for 60 days. Serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triacylglycerols (TAGs) were reduced by 23.8, 32.4, and 13.9%, respectively, in rats fed CNO+RBO(B) and by 20.5, 34.1, and 12.9%, respectively, in rats fed CNO+SESO(B) compared to rats given CNO. Rats fed interesterified oils showed a decrease in serum TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and TAGs in CNO+RBO(I) by 35, 49.1, and 23.2 and by 33.3, 47, and 19.8% in CNO+SESO(I), respectively, compared to rats given CNO. Compared to rats fed CNO+RBO blended oils, rats on CNO+RBO interesterified oil showed a further decrease of 14.6, 24.7, and 10% in TC, LDL-C, and TAG. Rats fed CNO+SESO interesterified oils showed a decrease in serum TC, LDL-C, and TAG by 16.2, 19.6, and 7.8%, respectively, compared to rats given blended oils of CNO+SESO (B). Liver lipid analysis also showed significant change in the TC and TAG concentration in rats fed blended and interesterified oils of CNO+RBO and CNO+SESO compared to the rats given CNO. The present study suggests that feeding fats containing blended oils with balanced fatty acids lowers serum and liver lipids. Interesterified oils prepared using Lipase have a further lowering effect on serum and liver lipids even though the fatty acid composition of blended and interesterified oils remained same. These studies indicated that the atherogenic potentials of a saturated fatty acid containing CNO can be significantly decreased by blending with an oil rich in unsaturated lipids in appropriate amounts and interesterification of blended oil.

  14. CNO abundances in the quintuplet cluster M supergiant 5-7

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ramirez, S. V.; Sellgren, K.; Blum, R.; Terndrup, D. M.

    2002-01-01

    We present and analyze infrared spectra of the supergiant VR 5-7, in the Quintuplet cluster 30 pc from the Galactic center. Within the uncertainties, the [C/H],[N/H], and [O/H] abundances in this star are equal of Ori, a star which exhibits mixing of CNO processed elements, but distinct from the abundance patterns in IRS 7.

  15. Surface abundances of ON stars

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Martins, F.; Simón-Díaz, S.; Palacios, A.; Howarth, I.; Georgy, C.; Walborn, N. R.; Bouret, J.-C.; Barbá, R.

    2015-06-01

    Context. Massive stars burn hydrogen through the CNO cycle during most of their evolution. When mixing is efficient or when mass transfer in binary systems occurs, chemically processed material is observed at the surface of O and B stars. Aims: ON stars show stronger lines of nitrogen than morphologically normal counterparts. Whether this corresponds to the presence of material processed through the CNO cycle is not known. Our goal is to answer this question. Methods: We performed a spectroscopic analysis of a sample of ON stars with atmosphere models. We determined the fundamental parameters as well as the He, C, N, and O surface abundances. We also measured the projected rotational velocities. We compared the properties of the ON stars to those of normal O stars. Results: We show that ON stars are usually rich in helium. Their CNO surface abundances are fully consistent with predictions of nucleosynthesis. ON stars are more chemically evolved and rotate - on average - faster than normal O stars. Evolutionary models including rotation cannot account for the extreme enrichment observed among ON main sequence stars. Some ON stars are members of binary systems, but others are single stars as indicated by stable radial velocities. Mass transfer is therefore not a simple explanation for the observed chemical properties. Conclusions: We conclude that ON stars show extreme chemical enrichment at their surface, consistent with nucleosynthesis through the CNO cycle. Its origin is not clear at present. Based on observations obtained 1) at the Anglo-Australian Telescope; 2) at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut National des Science de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii; 3) at the ESO/La Silla Observatory under programs 081.D-2008, 083.D-0589, 086.D-0997; 4) the Nordic Optical Telescope, operated on the island of La Palma jointly by Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; 5) the Mercator Telescope, operated on the island of La Palma by the Flemish Community at the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias.Appendices are available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.orgThe reduced spectra are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/578/A109

  16. Discovery of syn-/anti-cocaine-N-oxide diastereomers in unwashed postmortem hair via LC-MS-MS.

    PubMed

    Marsh, Christine M; Crawley, Lindsey R; Himes, Sarah K; Aranda, Roman; Miller, Mark L

    2014-01-01

    The discovery of two cocaine-N-oxide (CNO) diastereomers, syn- and anti-CNO, is reported for the first time. Prior to this study, only one structural form of CNO was known to exist and has not been analyzed in hair before. CNO is a metabolite of cocaine (COC) and may be considered as an additional biomarker of COC use, along with other known COC metabolites. The analysis of COC in hair for forensic applications is under scrutiny due to the possibility of external contamination. A qualitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed, validated and applied to unwashed postmortem hair samples from drug users. The limit of detection in hair was 8 pg/mg (using 10 mg of unwashed hair) for each CNO diastereomer. The presence of both syn- and anti-forms of CNO was verified in vivo using hair samples collected from known COC-using individuals. Due to the low levels of CNO, it will not always be detectable in COC user hair. In the hair samples analyzed, syn-CNO was detected in more samples than anti-CNO. The stereoselective N-oxidation of COC which favors syn-CNO could have a diagnostic value for COC ingestion determination in hair analysis. Published by Oxford University Press 2014. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

  17. Rap1, Canoe and Mbt cooperate with Bazooka to promote zonula adherens assembly in the fly photoreceptor

    PubMed Central

    Burki, Mubarik

    2018-01-01

    ABSTRACT In Drosophila epithelial cells, apical exclusion of Bazooka (the Drosophila Par3 protein) defines the position of the zonula adherens (ZA), which demarcates the apical and lateral membrane and allows cells to assemble into sheets. Here, we show that the small GTPase Rap1, its effector Canoe (Cno) and the Cdc42 effector kinase Mushroom bodies tiny (Mbt), converge in regulating epithelial morphogenesis by coupling stabilization of the adherens junction (AJ) protein E-Cadherin and Bazooka retention at the ZA. Furthermore, our results show that the localization of Rap1, Cno and Mbt at the ZA is interdependent, indicating that their functions during ZA morphogenesis are interlinked. In this context, we find the Rap1-GEF Dizzy is enriched at the ZA and our results suggest that it promotes Rap1 activity during ZA morphogenesis. Altogether, we propose the Dizzy, Rap1 and Cno pathway and Mbt converge in regulating the interface between Bazooka and AJ material to promote ZA morphogenesis. PMID:29507112

  18. Production of Prebiotic Molecule Precursors from Hypervelocity Impact Simulation Experiments on Carbonate Sediments

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Farcy, B. J.; Grubisic, A.; Li, X.; Pinnick, V. T.; Sutton, M.; Pavlov, A.; Brinckerhoff, W. B.

    2017-12-01

    Organic molecules, including amino acids and other biotic precursors, have been shown to form in the cooling and expanding plasma plume generated from hypervelocity impacts through the processes of atomization, ionization, and molecular recombination of impactor and impact surface. Various sources of carbon, such as atmospheric methane and carbonaceous material from meteorites, are known to yield cyano-bearing molecules and simple amino acids from impact plasmas. However, the role of mineralogical carbon has not yet been investigated in this process. We have performed experiments using laser ablation mass spectrometry (LA-MS) to study the negative ion yield of plasma-produced prebiotic molecules. A mixture of 10% NH4Cl and 90% CaCO3 was pressed into a pellet and ablated with a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser, and the resultant negative ions were measured by a plasma analyzer quadrupole MS. Mass spectra show characteristic peaks at m/z = 26 and m/z = 42, indicating the presence of CN- and CNO- ions. When isotopically labeled 15NH4Cl and Ca13CO3 were used in the sample ablation pellet, the purported CN- and CNO- peaks shifted according to their added isotopic mass. Indeed, comparison of resulting ion formation from momentum-based techniques, such as massive cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry, show comparable fragmentation and recombination of CN- and CNO- ions. These findings show that CN- ions, as well as CN radicals and thus HCN, can be formed during meteoritic bombardment of carbonate minerals. During the late heavy bombardment of the earth from 4.1-3.8 Ga, impact-driven chemistry could have played a dominant role in shaping the earth's early prebiotic inventory and sources of chemical energy. As carbonate sediments are common in the Archean, carbonate deposits are most likely an important contributor of carbon for this process, along with atmospheric and meteoritic carbon sources.

  19. Hypolipidemic and Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Seeds Oil in Experimental Male Rats.

    PubMed

    Ali, Rehab F M; El-Anany, Ayman M

    2017-01-01

    The current investigation aimed to evaluate the influence of roselle seeds oil (RSO), coconut oil (CNO) and binary mixture of them on serum lipids of experimental rats. Fatty acid composition of native and blended oils was determined. Thirty five male Albino rats (145- 160 g) were used throughout this study. The rats were fed AIN-93G diet containing 10% fat from CNO, RSO, B1 (25%RSO+ 75 %CNO), B2 (50 %RSO+ 50 %CNO or B3 (75 %RSO+ 25 % CNO) for eight weeks. Blood samples were collected at the beginning, every two weeks during the experiment, and at the end of the experiment. At the time of sacrifice, organs weights in relation to their body weights were immediately recorded. Substitution of 25, 50 and 75 % of CNO with equal amounts of RSO reduced saturated fatty acids by 16.04, 32.58 and 48.77 %, respectively in blended oils. The content of linoleic (C18:2) increased from not detected level in CNO to 9.81, 19.67 and 29.48 % in CNO blended with 25, 50 and 75 % of RSO, respectively. The relative liver weights of rats fed CNO was significantly higher than that of those fed RSO and blended oils. Mixing CNO with various levels of RSO attenuates the adverse effect in the relative liver weights which caused by CNO administration. At the end of the experiment, blinding coconut oil with 25, 50 and 75 % of roselle oil inhibited the elevation in total cholesterol by 9.69, 28.16 and 36.16 %, respectively compared to CNO rats. Rats fed diet containing CNO for 8 weeks had significantly the highest content (126.49 mg/dl) of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, while those fed 100 % RSO (as a source of lipids) had the lowest concentration of LDL-C (64.32 mg/dL). Atherogenic index (AI) values of rats submitted B1, B2 and B3 were about 1.12, 1.23 and 1.28 times as low as those of rats fed CNO diet, respectively. The results of this study indicate that roselle seeds oil (RSO) reduces hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia in rats fed diet rich in saturated fatty acids.

  20. Engineering proximal vs. distal heme-NO coordination via dinitrosyl dynamics: implications for NO sensor design.

    PubMed

    Kekilli, Demet; Petersen, Christine A; Pixton, David A; Ghafoor, Dlzar D; Abdullah, Gaylany H; Dworkowski, Florian S N; Wilson, Michael T; Heyes, Derren J; Hardman, Samantha J O; Murphy, Loretta M; Strange, Richard W; Scrutton, Nigel S; Andrew, Colin R; Hough, Michael A

    2017-03-01

    Proximal vs. distal heme-NO coordination is a novel strategy for selective gas response in heme-based NO-sensors. In the case of Alcaligenes xylosoxidans cytochrome c' (AXCP), formation of a transient distal 6cNO complex is followed by scission of the trans Fe-His bond and conversion to a proximal 5cNO product via a putative dinitrosyl species. Here we show that replacement of the AXCP distal Leu16 residue with smaller or similar sized residues (Ala, Val or Ile) traps the distal 6cNO complex, whereas Leu or Phe residues lead to a proximal 5cNO product with a transient or non-detectable distal 6cNO precursor. Crystallographic, spectroscopic, and kinetic measurements of 6cNO AXCP complexes show that increased distal steric hindrance leads to distortion of the Fe-N-O angle and flipping of the heme 7-propionate. However, it is the kinetic parameters of the distal NO ligand that determine whether 6cNO or proximal 5cNO end products are formed. Our data support a 'balance of affinities' mechanism in which proximal 5cNO coordination depends on relatively rapid release of the distal NO from the dinitrosyl precursor. This mechanism, which is applicable to other proteins that form transient dinitrosyls, represents a novel strategy for 5cNO formation that does not rely on an inherently weak Fe-His bond. Our data suggest a general means of engineering selective gas response into biologically-derived gas sensors in synthetic biology.

  1. High-resolution spectra of stars in globular clusters. VI - Oxygen-deficient red giant stars in M13

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Brown, J.A.; Wallerstein, G.; Oke, J.B.

    From high-resolution, high signal-to-noise spectra, abundances of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen and the C-12/C-13 ratio for five red giants in M13, including star II-67, which has previously been reported to be deficient in oxygen have been determined. Three of the five stars exhibit substantial oxygen deficiencies; O/Fe values range from +0.5 to less than about 0.3. The sum of the CNO nuclides is the same for all stars, which is interpreted as evidence that mixing of CNO-cycled material into the envelope is the cause of the variations in oxygen abundance. 41 refs.

  2. CNO and pep solar neutrino measurements and perspectives in Borexino

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Davini, S.; Agostini, M.; Appel, S.; Bellini, G.; Benziger, J.; Bick, D.; Bonfini, G.; Bravo, D.; Caccianiga, B.; Calaprice, F.; Caminata, A.; Cavalcante, P.; Chepurnov, A.; D'Angelo, D.; Derbin, A.; Di Noto, L.; Drachnev, I.; Etenko, A.; Fomenko, K.; Franco, D.; Gabriele, F.; Galbiati, C.; Ghiano, C.; Giammarchi, M.; Goeger-Neff, M.; Goretti, A.; Gromov, M.; Hagner, C.; Hungerford, E.; Ianni, Aldo; Ianni, Andrea; Jedrzejczak, K.; Kaiser, M.; Kobychev, V.; Korablev, D.; Korga, G.; Kryn, D.; Laubenstein, M.; Lehnert, B.; Litvinovich, E.; Lombardi, F.; Lombardi, P.; Ludhova, L.; Lukyanchenko, G.; Machulin, I.; Manecki, S.; Maneschg, W.; Marcocci, S.; Meroni, E.; Meyer, M.; Miramonti, L.; Misiaszek, M.; Montuschi, M.; Mosteiro, P.; Muratova, V.; Neumair, B.; Oberauer, L.; Obolensky, M.; Ortica, F.; Pallavicini, M.; Papp, L.; Perasso, L.; Pocar, A.; Ranucci, G.; Razeto, A.; Re, A.; Romani, A.; Roncin, R.; Rossi, N.; Schönert, S.; Semenov, D.; Simgen, H.; Skorokhvatov, M.; Smirnov, O.; Sotnikov, A.; Sukhotin, S.; Suvorov, Y.; Tartaglia, R.; Testera, G.; Thurn, J.; Toropova, M.; Unzhakov, E.; Vishneva, A.; Vogelaar, R. B.; von Feilitzsch, F.; Wang, H.; Weinz, S.; Winter, J.; Wojcik, M.; Wurm, M.; Yokley, Z.; Zaimidoroga, O.; Zavatarelli, S.; Zuber, K.; Zuzel, G.

    2016-02-01

    The detection of neutrinos emitted in the CNO reactions in the Sun is one of the ambitious goals of Borexino Phase-II. A measurement of CNO neutrinos would be a milestone in astrophysics, and would allow to solve serious issues in current solar models. A precise measurement of the rate of neutrinos from the pep reaction would allow to investigate neutrino oscillations in the MSW transition region. The pep and CNO solar neutrino physics, the measurement in Borexino Phase-I and the perspectives for the new phase are reviewed in this proceeding.

  3. Sensitivity of a low threshold directional detector to CNO-cycle solar neutrinos

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bonventre, R.; Orebi Gann, G. D.

    2018-06-01

    A first measurement of neutrinos from the CNO fusion cycle in the Sun would allow a resolution to the current solar metallicity problem. Detection of these low-energy neutrinos requires a low-threshold detector, while discrimination from radioactive backgrounds in the region of interest is significantly enhanced via directional sensitivity. This combination can be achieved in a water-based liquid scintillator target, which offers enhanced energy resolution beyond a standard water Cherenkov detector. We study the sensitivity of such a detector to CNO neutrinos under various detector and background scenarios, and draw conclusions about the requirements for such a detector to successfully measure the CNO neutrino flux. A detector designed to measure CNO neutrinos could also achieve a few-percent measurement of pep neutrinos.

  4. Autoinflammatory bone diseases.

    PubMed

    Stern, Sara M; Ferguson, Polly J

    2013-11-01

    Autoinflammatory bone disease is a new branch of autoinflammatory diseases caused by seemingly unprovoked activation of the innate immune system leading to an osseous inflammatory process. The inflammatory bone lesions in these disorders are characterized by chronic inflammation that is typically culture negative with no demonstrable organism on histopathology. The most common autoinflammatory bone diseases in childhood include chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO), synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis syndrome, Majeed syndrome, deficiency of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and cherubism. In this article, the authors focus on CNO and summarize the distinct genetic autoinflammatory bone syndromes. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  5. 32 CFR 724.305 - Functions of the CMC and CNO.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 5 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Functions of the CMC and CNO. 724.305 Section 724.305 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL... of the CMC and CNO. In the case of Navy, CNMPC, under the CNP, shall discharge responsibilities of...

  6. 32 CFR 724.305 - Functions of the CMC and CNO.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Functions of the CMC and CNO. 724.305 Section 724.305 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL... of the CMC and CNO. In the case of Navy, CNMPC, under the CNP, shall discharge responsibilities of...

  7. 32 CFR 724.305 - Functions of the CMC and CNO.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Functions of the CMC and CNO. 724.305 Section 724.305 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL... of the CMC and CNO. In the case of Navy, CNMPC, under the CNP, shall discharge responsibilities of...

  8. 32 CFR 724.305 - Functions of the CMC and CNO.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Functions of the CMC and CNO. 724.305 Section 724.305 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL... of the CMC and CNO. In the case of Navy, CNMPC, under the CNP, shall discharge responsibilities of...

  9. 32 CFR 724.305 - Functions of the CMC and CNO.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Functions of the CMC and CNO. 724.305 Section 724.305 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL... of the CMC and CNO. In the case of Navy, CNMPC, under the CNP, shall discharge responsibilities of...

  10. 32 CFR 701.114 - PA enforcement actions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... adequately addressed, the individual may contact CNO (DNS-36) or CMC (ARSF), for assistance. (b) Civil court... employee, the responsible DON activity shall promptly apprise CNO (DNS-36)) and provide a copy of all relevant documents. CNO (DNS-36) will in turn apprise the DPO, who will apprise the DOJ. When a court...

  11. 32 CFR 701.114 - PA enforcement actions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... adequately addressed, the individual may contact CNO (DNS-36) or CMC (ARSF), for assistance. (b) Civil court... employee, the responsible DON activity shall promptly apprise CNO (DNS-36)) and provide a copy of all relevant documents. CNO (DNS-36) will in turn apprise the DPO, who will apprise the DOJ. When a court...

  12. 32 CFR 701.114 - PA enforcement actions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... adequately addressed, the individual may contact CNO (DNS-36) or CMC (ARSF), for assistance. (b) Civil court... employee, the responsible DON activity shall promptly apprise CNO (DNS-36)) and provide a copy of all relevant documents. CNO (DNS-36) will in turn apprise the DPO, who will apprise the DOJ. When a court...

  13. 32 CFR 701.114 - PA enforcement actions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... adequately addressed, the individual may contact CNO (DNS-36) or CMC (ARSF), for assistance. (b) Civil court... employee, the responsible DON activity shall promptly apprise CNO (DNS-36)) and provide a copy of all relevant documents. CNO (DNS-36) will in turn apprise the DPO, who will apprise the DOJ. When a court...

  14. 32 CFR 701.114 - PA enforcement actions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... adequately addressed, the individual may contact CNO (DNS-36) or CMC (ARSF), for assistance. (b) Civil court... employee, the responsible DON activity shall promptly apprise CNO (DNS-36)) and provide a copy of all relevant documents. CNO (DNS-36) will in turn apprise the DPO, who will apprise the DOJ. When a court...

  15. United States Navy Ethos 2008

    Science.gov Websites

    US Navy Ethos Additional Posters Strength Service Patriots Integrity Guardians Committed Additional Information U.S. Navy Ethos Poster CNO Podcast on Navy Ethos and CNOG 2009 U.S. Navy Ethos Card (front) U.S. Navy Ethos Card (back) CNO Releases 2009 Guidance Frequently Asked Questions CNO Releases

  16. 75 FR 19627 - Meeting of the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Executive Panel

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-15

    ... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Navy Meeting of the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Executive Panel AGENCY: Department of the Navy, DoD. ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: The CNO... interested groups may submit written statements for consideration by the Chief of Naval Operations Executive...

  17. 75 FR 7453 - Notice of Open Meeting of the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Executive Panel

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-19

    ... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Navy Notice of Open Meeting of the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Executive Panel AGENCY: Department of the Navy, DoD. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The CNO... interested groups may submit written statements for consideration by the Chief of Naval Operations Executive...

  18. 32 CFR 701.117 - Changes to PA systems of records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... records. CNO (DNS-36) is the approval authority for Navy/DON PA systems of records actions. CMC (ARSF) is... create, alter, amend, or delete systems should contact CNO (DNS-36) or CMC (ARSF), who will assist in... contact CNO (DNS-36) (regarding Navy system of records) or CMC (ARSF) (regarding Marine Corps system of...

  19. 32 CFR 701.117 - Changes to PA systems of records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... records. CNO (DNS-36) is the approval authority for Navy/DON PA systems of records actions. CMC (ARSF) is... create, alter, amend, or delete systems should contact CNO (DNS-36) or CMC (ARSF), who will assist in... contact CNO (DNS-36) (regarding Navy system of records) or CMC (ARSF) (regarding Marine Corps system of...

  20. 32 CFR 701.117 - Changes to PA systems of records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... records. CNO (DNS-36) is the approval authority for Navy/DON PA systems of records actions. CMC (ARSF) is... create, alter, amend, or delete systems should contact CNO (DNS-36) or CMC (ARSF), who will assist in... contact CNO (DNS-36) (regarding Navy system of records) or CMC (ARSF) (regarding Marine Corps system of...

  1. 32 CFR 701.117 - Changes to PA systems of records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... records. CNO (DNS-36) is the approval authority for Navy/DON PA systems of records actions. CMC (ARSF) is... create, alter, amend, or delete systems should contact CNO (DNS-36) or CMC (ARSF), who will assist in... contact CNO (DNS-36) (regarding Navy system of records) or CMC (ARSF) (regarding Marine Corps system of...

  2. Interaction of unsaturated fat or coconut oil with monensin in lactating dairy cows fed 12 times daily. I. Protozoal abundance, nutrient digestibility, and microbial protein flow to the omasum.

    PubMed

    Reveneau, C; Karnati, S K R; Oelker, E R; Firkins, J L

    2012-04-01

    Monensin (tradename: Rumensin) should reduce the extent of amino acid deamination in the rumen, and supplemental fat should decrease protozoal abundance and intraruminal N recycling. Because animal-vegetable (AV) fat can be biohydrogenated in the rumen and decrease its effectiveness as an anti-protozoal agent, we included diets supplemented with coconut oil (CNO) to inhibit protozoa. In a 6 × 6 Latin square design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments, 6 rumen-cannulated cows were fed diets without or with Rumensin (12 g/909 kg) and either no fat (control), 5% AV fat, or 5% CNO. The log10 concentrations (cells/mL) of total protozoa were not different between control (5.97) and AV fat (5.95) but were decreased by CNO (4.79; main effect of fat source). Entodinium and Dasytricha decreased as a proportion of total cells from feeding CNO, whereas Epidinium was unchanged in total abundance and thus increased proportionately. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was not affected by diet, but the acetate:propionate ratio decreased for CNO (1.85) versus control (2.95) or AV fat (2.58). Feeding CNO (23.8%) decreased ruminal neutral detergent fiber digestibility compared with control (31.1%) and AV fat (30.5%). The total-tract digestibility of NDF was lower for CNO (45.8%) versus control (57.0%) and AV fat (54.6%), with no difference in apparent organic matter digestibility (averaging 69.8%). The omasal flows of microbial N and non-ammonia N were lower for CNO versus control and AV fat, but efficiency of microbial protein synthesis was not affected. The dry matter intake was 4.5 kg/d lower with CNO, which decreased milk production by 3.1 kg/d. Main effect means of dry matter intake and milk yield tended to decrease by 0.7 and 1.2 kg/d, respectively, when Rumensin was added. Both percentage and production of milk fat decreased for CNO (main effect of fat source). An interaction was observed such that AV decreased milk fat yield more when combined with Rumensin. Using large amounts of supplemental fat, especially CNO, to decrease abundance of protozoa requires further research to characterize benefits versus risks, especially when combined with Rumensin. Copyright © 2012 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. Characterization of Coconut Oil Fractions Obtained from Solvent Fractionation Using Acetone.

    PubMed

    Sonwai, Sopark; Rungprasertphol, Poonyawee; Nantipipat, Nantinee; Tungvongcharoan, Satinee; Laiyangkoon, Nantikan

    2017-09-01

    This work was aimed to study the solvent fraction of coconut oil (CNO). The fatty acid and triacylglycerol compositions, solid fat content (SFC) and the crystallization properties of CNO and its solid and liquid fractions obtained from fractionation at different conditions were investigated using various techniques. CNO was dissolved in acetone (1:1 w/v) and left to crystallize isothermally at 10°C for 0.5, 1 and 2 h and at 12°C for 2, 3 and 6 h. The solid fractions contained significantly lower contents of saturated fatty acids of ≤ 10 carbon atoms but considerably higher contents of saturated fatty acids with > 12 carbon atoms with respect to those of CNO and the liquid fractions. They also contained higher contents of high-melting triacylglycerol species with carbon number ≥ 38. Because of this, the DSC crystallization onset temperatures and the crystallization peak temperatures of the solid fractions were higher than CNO and the liquid fractions. The SFC values of the solid fractions were significantly higher than CNO at all measuring temperatures before reaching 0% just below the body temperature with the fraction obtained at 12°C for 2 h exhibiting the highest SFC. On the contrary, the SFC values of the liquid fractions were lower than CNO. The crystallization duration exhibited strong influence on the solid fractions. There was no effect on the crystal polymorphic structure possibly because CNO has β'-2 as a stable polymorph. The enhanced SFC of the solid fractions would allow them to find use in food applications where a specific melting temperature is desired such as sophisticated confectionery fats, and the decreased SFC of the liquid fractions would provide them with a higher cold stability which would be useful during extended storage time.

  4. 75 FR 52518 - Meeting of the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Executive Panel

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-26

    ...The Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Executive Panel will report on the findings and recommendations of the Cyber Warfare Subcommittee to the CNO. The meeting will consist of discussions of current and future Navy strategy, plans, and policies in support of the organizing, manning, training, and equipping of Cyber Warfare forces for current and future operations.

  5. Voluntary partial capitation: the Community Nursing Organization Medicare demonstration.

    PubMed

    Frakt, Austin B; Pizer, Steven D; Schmitz, Robert J; Mattke, Soeren

    2005-01-01

    In a recently concluded Medicare demonstration, Community Nursing Organizations (CNOs) received capitated payment to provide a subset of Medicare services through a nursing case management delivery system. Demonstration participation was voluntary, both for CNOs and recruited beneficiaries, raising several challenging issues associated with selection. We investigate provider and beneficiary selection, as well as Medicare costs, using multiple evaluation methodologies. We find that CNO enrollment is associated with increased payment by Medicare for CNO-covered services. Results showing CNO enrollees to be more costly to Medicare for non-CNO services are consistent with cost shifting, but could also be accounted for by biased provider selection into the demonstration.

  6. An Analysis of the Manpower Impact of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles on Subsurface Platforms

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-03-01

    Communication Material Security (CNO) Chief of Naval Operations (COI) Critical Operational Issue (COW) Chief of the Watch (CS) Culinary ...The TDU evolution, while underway, is performed by the off-going Chief of the Watch (COW) or a qualified Culinary Specialists (CS) E6 or above, as

  7. Interaction of unsaturated fat or coconut oil with monensin in lactating dairy cows fed 12 times daily. II. Fatty acid flow to the omasum and milk fatty acid profile.

    PubMed

    Reveneau, C; Ribeiro, C V D M; Eastridge, M L; Firkins, J L

    2012-04-01

    Feeding animal-vegetable (AV) fat or medium-chain fatty acids (FA) to dairy cows can decrease ruminal protozoal counts. However, combining moderate to large amounts of AV fat with monensin (tradename: Rumensin, R) could increase the risk for milk fat depression (MFD), whereas it is not known if diets supplemented with coconut oil (CNO; rich in medium-chain FA) with R would cause MFD. In a 6 × 6 Latin square design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments, 6 rumen-cannulated cows were fed diets without or with R (12 g/909 kg) and either control (no fat), 5% AV fat, or 5% CNO. Diets were balanced to have 21.5% forage neutral detergent fiber, 16.8% crude protein, and 42% nonfiber carbohydrates. Omasal flows of FA were characterized by an increased percentage of trans 18:1 for AV fat and CNO diets compared with the control, a higher percentage of 12:0 and 14:0 for CNO, and higher cis 18:1 for AV fat. Milk FA composition reflected the changes observed for omasal FA digesta flow. The de novo FA synthesis in the mammary gland was decreased by the main effects of R compared without R (averaged over fat treatments) and for added fat (AV fat and CNO) versus control (averaged over R). The percentages of 6:0, 8:0, and 10:0 in milk fat were lower for R and for AV fat and CNO compared with the control. The percentage of trans 18:1 FA in milk fat also higher for AV fat and CNO compared with the control. Against our hypotheses, the feeding of CNO did not prevent MFD, and few interactions between R and fat source were detected. The feeding of CNO did compromise ruminal biohydrogenation, with accumulation of trans 18:1 in the rumen and in milk fat. Copyright © 2012 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  8. The History and Impact of the CNO Cycles in Nuclear Astrophysics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wiescher, Michael

    2018-03-01

    The carbon cycle, or Bethe-Weizsäcker cycle, plays an important role in astrophysics as one of the most important energy sources for quiescent and explosive hydrogen burning in stars. This paper presents the intellectual and historical background of the idea of the correlation between stellar energy production and the synthesis of the chemical elements in stars on the example of this cycle. In particular, it addresses the contributions of Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and Hans Bethe, who provided the first predictions of the carbon cycle. Further, the experimental verification of the predicted process as it developed over the following decades is discussed, as well as the extension of the initial carbon cycle to the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen (CNO) multi-cycles and the hot CNO cycles. This development emerged from the detailed experimental studies of the associated nuclear reactions over more than seven decades. Finally, the impact of the experimental and theoretical results on our present understanding of hydrogen burning in different stellar environments is presented, as well as the impact on our understanding of the chemical evolution of our universe.

  9. Defects in the cappuccino (cno) gene on mouse chromosome 5 and human 4p cause Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome by an AP-3-independent mechanism.

    PubMed

    Gwynn, B; Ciciotte, S L; Hunter, S J; Washburn, L L; Smith, R S; Andersen, S G; Swank, R T; Dell'Angelica, E C; Bonifacino, J S; Eicher, E M; Peters, L L

    2000-12-15

    Defects in a triad of organelles (melanosomes, platelet granules, and lysosomes) result in albinism, prolonged bleeding, and lysosome abnormalities in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS). Defects in HPS1, a protein of unknown function, and in components of the AP-3 complex cause some, but not all, cases of HPS in humans. There have been 15 inherited models of HPS described in the mouse, underscoring its marked genetic heterogeneity. Here we characterize a new spontaneous mutation in the mouse, cappuccino (cno), that maps to mouse chromosome 5 in a region conserved with human 4p15-p16. Melanosomes of cno/cno mice are immature and dramatically decreased in number in the eye and skin, resulting in severe oculocutaneous albinism. Platelet dense body contents (adenosine triphosphate, serotonin) are markedly deficient, leading to defective aggregation and prolonged bleeding. Lysosomal enzyme concentrations are significantly elevated in the kidney and liver. Genetic, immunofluorescence microscopy, and lysosomal protein trafficking studies indicate that the AP-3 complex is intact in cno/cno mice. It was concluded that the cappuccino gene encodes a product involved in an AP-3-independent mechanism critical to the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles. (Blood. 2000;96:4227-4235)

  10. Standard big bang nucleosynthesis and primordial CNO abundances after Planck

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Coc, Alain; Uzan, Jean-Philippe; Vangioni, Elisabeth, E-mail: coc@csnsm.in2p3.fr, E-mail: uzan@iap.fr, E-mail: vangioni@iap.fr

    Primordial or big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) is one of the three historical strong evidences for the big bang model. The recent results by the Planck satellite mission have slightly changed the estimate of the baryonic density compared to the previous WMAP analysis. This article updates the BBN predictions for the light elements using the cosmological parameters determined by Planck, as well as an improvement of the nuclear network and new spectroscopic observations. There is a slight lowering of the primordial Li/H abundance, however, this lithium value still remains typically 3 times larger than its observed spectroscopic abundance in halo starsmore » of the Galaxy. According to the importance of this ''lithium problem{sup ,} we trace the small changes in its BBN calculated abundance following updates of the baryonic density, neutron lifetime and networks. In addition, for the first time, we provide confidence limits for the production of {sup 6}Li, {sup 9}Be, {sup 11}B and CNO, resulting from our extensive Monte Carlo calculation with our extended network. A specific focus is cast on CNO primordial production. Considering uncertainties on the nuclear rates around the CNO formation, we obtain CNO/H ≈ (5-30)×10{sup -15}. We further improve this estimate by analyzing correlations between yields and reaction rates and identified new influential reaction rates. These uncertain rates, if simultaneously varied could lead to a significant increase of CNO production: CNO/H∼10{sup -13}. This result is important for the study of population III star formation during the dark ages.« less

  11. Source Population and Acceleration Location of Suprathermal Heavy Ions in Corotating Interaction Regions

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Filwett, R. J.; Desai, M. I.; Dayeh, M. A.

    2017-03-20

    We have analyzed the ∼20–320 keV nucleon{sup −1} suprathermal (ST) heavy ion abundances in 41 corotating interaction regions (CIRs) observed by the Wind spacecraft from 1995 January to 2008 December. Our results are: (1) the CIR Fe/CNO and NeS/CNO ratios vary with the sunspot number, with values being closer to average solar energetic particle event values during solar maxima and lower than nominal solar wind values during solar minima. The physical mechanism responsible for the depleted abundances during solar minimum remains an open question. (2) The Fe/CNO increases with energy in the 6 events that occurred during solar maximum, whilemore » no such trends are observed for the 35 events during solar minimum. (3) The Fe/CNO shows no correlation with the average solar wind speed. (4) The Fe/CNO is well correlated with the corresponding upstream ∼20–320 keV nucleon{sup −1} Fe/CNO and not with the solar wind Fe/O measured by ACE in 31 events. Using the correlations between the upstream ∼20–40 keV nucleon{sup −1} Fe/CNO and the ∼20–320 keV nucleon{sup −1} Fe/CNO in CIRs, we estimate that, on average, the ST particles traveled ∼2 au along the nominal Parker spiral field line, which corresponds to upper limits for the radial distance of the source or acceleration location of ∼1 au beyond Earth orbit. Our results are consistent with those obtained from recent surveys, and confirm that CIR ST heavy ions are accelerated more locally, and are at odds with the traditional viewpoint that CIR ions seen at 1 au are bulk solar wind ions accelerated between 3 and 5 au.« less

  12. CNO isotopes in red giant stars

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wannier, P. G.

    1985-01-01

    Observational data on CNO abundance ratios in red giants and the interstellar medium (ISM) are analyzed for the implications for the production and distribution of CNO nuclides. The data included isotope abundance measurements for the atmospheres and recent ejecta of cool giants, e.g., carbon stars, S-type stars, red supergiants and oxygen-rich giants beginning an ascent of the giant branch. The contribution of intermediate-mass stars to galactic nuclear evolution is discussed after comparing red giant abundances with ISM abundances, particularly the isotopes O-16, -17 and -18. The O-12/O-18 ratios of red giants are distinctly different from those in interstellar molecular clouds. The CNO values also vary widely from the values found in the solar system.

  13. Enteric methane emissions and lactational performance of Holstein cows fed different concentrations of coconut oil.

    PubMed

    Hollmann, M; Powers, W J; Fogiel, A C; Liesman, J S; Bello, N M; Beede, D K

    2012-05-01

    To determine if dietary medium-chain fatty acids (FA; C(8) to C(14)) may mitigate enteric methane emissions, 24 cows were blocked by body size (n=2) and randomly assigned to 1 sequence of dietary treatments. Diets were fed for 35 d each in 2 consecutive periods. Diets differed in concentrations of coconut oil (CNO; ~75% medium-chain FA): 0.0 (control) or 1.3, 2.7, or 3.3% CNO, dry matter basis. The control diet contained 50% forage (74% from corn silage), 16.5% crude protein (60% from rumen-degradable protein), 34% neutral detergent fiber (NDF; 71% from forage), and 28% starch, dry matter basis. Data and sample collections were from d 29 to 35 in environmentally controlled rooms to measure methane (CH(4)) production. Methane emitted was computed from the difference in concentrations of inlet and outlet air and flux as measured 8 times per day. Control cows emitted 464 g of CH(4)/d, consumed 22.9 kg of DM/d, and produced 34.8 kg of solids-corrected milk/d and 1.3 kg of milk fat/d. Treatment with 1.3, 2.7, or 3.3% dietary CNO reduced CH(4) (449, 291, and 253 g/d, respectively), but concomitantly depressed dry matter intake (21.4, 17.9, and 16.2 kg/d, respectively), solids-corrected milk yield (36.3, 28.4, and 26.8 kg/d, respectively), and milk fat yield (1.4, 0.9, and 0.9 kg/d, respectively). The amount of NDF digested in the total tract decreased with increased dietary CNO concentrations; thus, CH(4) emitted per unit of NDF digested rose from 118 to 128, 153, and 166 g/kg across CNO treatments. Dietary CNO did not significantly affect apparent digestibility of CP but increased apparent starch digestibility from 92 to 95%. No FA C(10) or shorter were detected in feces, and apparent digestibility decreased with increasing FA chain length. Coconut oil concentrations of 2.7 or 3.3% decreased yields of milk FA C(14). The highest milk fat concentration (3.69%; 1.3% CNO) was due to the greatest yields of C(12) to C(16) milk FA. Milk FA concentrations of C(18:2 trans-10,cis-12) were related to increased dietary CNO concentrations and presumably to depressed ruminal NDF digestion. Moderate dietary CNO concentrations (e.g., 1.3%) may benefit lactational performance; however, CNO concentrations greater than or equal to 2.7% depressed dry matter intake, milk yield, milk fat yield, and NDF utilization. If mitigation of enteric CH(4) emissions is due to decreased digestion of dietary NDF, then this will lessen a major advantage of ruminants compared with nonruminants in food-production systems. Thus, CNO has limited use for enteric CH(4) mitigation in lactating dairy cows. Copyright © 2012 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. The Carle Clinic.

    PubMed

    Schraeder, C; Britt, T

    1997-03-01

    Confronting the challenge of effective, efficient health care for the elderly has led to many variations in service delivery modalities. The approach employed by the Community Nursing Organization (CNO) is based on nurse coordinated care. Nurses are integrally involved in the authorization, coordination, evaluation and payment of services. The nursing role encompasses case management, including coordination of non-CNO covered services as well as those provided through the capitated payment schedule. Thus, in addition to authorizing CNO services, the nurse also may coordinate services such as physician visits, home repair, transportation, respite services and home-delivered meals, even though they are not covered financially under the auspices of the CNO. Preliminary findings indicate that this model may be successful clinically and financially by determining and utilizing an appropriate mix, intensity and duration of services.

  15. Integrated delivery systems: mergers and acquisitions.

    PubMed

    Pinkerton, S

    1999-01-01

    Mergers and acquisitions are usually the way an IDS is built. The CNO and/or CNOs/DONs have an integral role in the resolution of the M/A process. During this time of significant change, during which there may even be chaos, the CNOs work to maintain stability so there is as little impact as possible on patient outcomes, a core responsibility of the CNOs. The CNOs should focus on identifying and working with the highly skilled individuals in the organization to get to the recovery stage of the M/A process, at which time a high-performing organization is achieved. To build this new organization or IDS, the old organizations of the M/A must be changed (Moss Kanter, 1994). The successful CNOs will manage the trade-offs and will become experts in collaboration. The CNO's goals are to maximize the quality of patient care, the professional satisfaction of the nurse, and the goals of achieving cost effectiveness for the system (Clifford, 1998), and keeping this focus through the M/A process will yield success.

  16. 32 CFR 775.4 - Responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... environmental planning. (d) The Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) and the Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC... proposed CNO/CMC environmental planning instructions or orders to ASN (I&E) and, when appropriate, ASN (RD...

  17. 32 CFR 775.4 - Responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... environmental planning. (d) The Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) and the Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC... proposed CNO/CMC environmental planning instructions or orders to ASN (I&E) and, when appropriate, ASN (RD...

  18. 32 CFR 775.4 - Responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... environmental planning. (d) The Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) and the Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC... proposed CNO/CMC environmental planning instructions or orders to ASN (I&E) and, when appropriate, ASN (RD...

  19. 32 CFR 775.4 - Responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... environmental planning. (d) The Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) and the Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC... proposed CNO/CMC environmental planning instructions or orders to ASN (I&E) and, when appropriate, ASN (RD...

  20. The resonant structure of ^18Ne and its relevance in the breakout of the Hot CNO cycle

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Almaraz-Calderon, S.; Tan, W.; Aprahamian, A.; Bucher, B.; Gorres, J.; Roberts, A.; Villano, A.; Wiescher, M.; Brune, C.; Heinen, Z.; Massey, T.; Mach, H.; Guray, N.; Guray, R. T.

    2009-10-01

    In explosive hydrogen burning environments such as Novae and X-ray bursts, temperatures and densities achieved are sufficiently high to bypass the beta decay of the waiting points of the hot CNO cycle by alpha captures, leading to a thermonuclear runaway via the rp-process. One of the two paths to a breakout from the hot CNO cycle is the route starting from ^14O(α,p)^17F followed by ^17F(p,γ)^18Ne and ^18Ne(α,p). The ^14O(α,p) reaction proceeds through resonant states in ^18Ne, making the reaction rate dependent on the excitation energies and spins as well as partial and total widths of these resonances. We used the ^16O(^3He,n) reaction and charged particle-neutron coincidences to measure the structure details of levels in ^18Ne. In particular, the α and proton decay branching ratios via ground state and excited states in ^17F were measured. The analysis of the data will allow us to provide crucial information to be included in the reaction network calculations that could have great impact on the nuclear energy generation and nucleosynthesis that occur in these explosive environments.

  1. Organic neem compounds inhibit soft-rot fungal growth and improve the strength of anthracite bricks bound with collagen and lignin for use in iron foundry cupolas.

    PubMed

    Kelsey, D J; Nieto-Delgado, C; Cannon, F S; Brennan, R A

    2015-07-01

    To examine organic neem compounds for their effective growth inhibition of saprotrophic soft-rot fungi on anthracite bricks bound with collagen and lignin for use in iron foundry cupolas as an alternative fuel source. Azadirachtin, crude neem oil (NO), and clarified neem oil extract (CNO) were combined with copper to inhibit the growth of the soft-rot fungus, Chaetomium globosum. A synergistic interaction was observed between CNO and a low dose of copper on nutrient media (two-factor anova with triplicate replication: P < 0·05). Interaction was confirmed on lab-scale collagen-lignin-anthracite briquettes by measuring their unconfined compressive (UC) strength. The effective collagen strength of the briquettes was enhanced by applying CNO to their surface prior to inoculation: the room temperature UC strength of the briquettes was 28 ± 4·6% greater when CNO (0·4 mg cm(-2) ) was surface-applied, and was 43 ± 3·0% greater when CNO plus copper (0·14 μg cm(-2) ) were surface-applied. Surface application of CNO and copper synergistically prevents fungal growth on bindered anthracite briquettes and increases their room temperature strength. This novel organic fungicidal treatment may increase the storage and performance of anthracite bricks in iron foundries, thereby saving 15-20% of the energy used in conventional coke production. © 2015 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

  2. Factors associated with NO2 and NOX concentration gradients near a highway

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Richmond-Bryant, J.; Snyder, M. G.; Owen, R. C.; Kimbrough, S.

    2018-02-01

    The objective of this research is to learn how the near-road gradient, in which NO2 and NOX (NO + NO2) concentrations are elevated, varies with changes in meteorological and traffic variables. Measurements of NO2 and NOX were obtained east of I-15 in Las Vegas and fit to functions whose slopes (dCNO2/dx and dCNOX/dx, respectively) characterize the size of the near-road zone where NO2 and NOX concentrations from mobile sources on the highway are elevated. These metrics were used to learn about the near-road gradient by modeling dCNO2/dx and dCNOX/dx as functions of meteorological variables (e.g., wind direction, wind speed), traffic (vehicle count), NOX concentration upwind of the road, and O3 concentration at two fixed-site ambient monitors. Generalized additive models (GAM) were used to model dCNO2/dx and dCNOX/dx versus the independent variables because they allowed for nonlinearity of the variables being compared. When data from all wind directions were included in the analysis, variability in O3 concentration comprised the largest proportion of variability in dCNO2/dx, followed by variability in wind direction. In a second analysis constrained to winds from the west, variability in O3 concentration remained the largest contributor to variability in dCNO2/dx, but the relative contribution of variability in wind speed to variability in dCNO2/dx increased relative to its contribution for the all-wind analysis. When data from all wind directions were analyzed, variability in wind direction was by far the largest contributor to variability in dCNOX/dx, with smaller contributions from hour of day and upwind NOX concentration. When only winds from the west were analyzed, variability in upwind NOX concentration, wind speed, hour of day, and traffic count all were associated with variability in dCNOX/dx. Increases in O3 concentration were associated with increased magnitude near-road dCNO2/dx, possibly shrinking the zone of elevated concentrations occurring near roads. Wind direction parallel to the highway was also related to an increased magnitude of both dCNO2/dx and dCNOX/dx, again likely shrinking the zone of elevated concentrations occurring near roads. Wind direction perpendicular to the road decreased the magnitude of dCNO2/dx and dCNOX/dx and likely contributed to growth of the zone of elevated concentrations occurring near roads. Thus, variability in near-road concentrations is influenced by local meteorology and ambient O3 concentration.

  3. Update: Cytokine Dysregulation in Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis (CNO)

    PubMed Central

    Hofmann, Sigrun R.; Roesen-Wolff, Angela; Hahn, Gabriele; Hedrich, Christian M.

    2012-01-01

    Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) with its most severe form chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a non-bacterial osteitis of yet unknown origin. Secondary to the absence of both high-titer autoantibodies and autoreactive T lymphocytes, and the association with other autoimmune diseases, it was recently reclassified as an autoinflammatory disorder of the musculoskeletal system. Since its etiology is largely unknown, the diagnosis is based on clinical criteria, and treatment is empiric and not always successful. In this paper, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of possible etiopathogenetic mechanisms in CNO. PMID:22685464

  4. A hydrodynamic study of a slow nova outburst. [computerized simulation of thermonuclear runaway in white dwarf envelope

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sparks, W. M.; Starrfield, S.; Truran, J. W.

    1978-01-01

    The paper reports use of a Lagrangian implicit hydrodynamics computer code incorporating a full nuclear-reaction network to follow a thermonuclear runaway in the hydrogen-rich envelope of a 1.25 solar-mass white dwarf. In this evolutionary sequence the envelope was assumed to be of normal (solar) composition and the resulting outburst closely resembles that of the slow nova HR Del. In contrast, previous CNO-enhanced models resemble fast nova outbursts. The slow-nova model ejects material by radiation pressure when the high luminosity of the rekindled hydrogen shell source exceeds the local Eddington luminosity of the outer layers. This is in contrast to the fast nova outburst where ejection is caused by the decay of the beta(+)-unstable nuclei. Nevertheless, radiation pressure probably plays a major role in ejecting material from the fast nova remnants. Therefore, the sequence from slow to fast novae can be interpreted as a sequence of white dwarfs with increasing amounts of enhanced CNO nuclei in their hydrogen envelopes, although other parameters such as the white-dwarf mass and accretion rate probably contribute to the observed variation between novae.

  5. Consensus Treatment Plans for Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis Refractory to Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and/or with Active Spinal Lesions.

    PubMed

    Zhao, Yongdong; Wu, Eveline Y; Oliver, Melissa S; Cooper, Ashley M; Basiaga, Matthew L; Vora, Sheetal S; Lee, Tzielan C; Fox, Emily; Amarilyo, Gil; Stern, Sara M; Dvergsten, Jeffrey A; Haines, Kathleen A; Rouster-Stevens, Kelly A; Onel, Karen B; Cherian, Julie; Hausmann, Jonathan S; Miettunen, Paivi; Cellucci, Tania; Nuruzzaman, Farzana; Taneja, Angela; Barron, Karyl S; Hollander, Matthew C; Lapidus, Sivia K; Li, Suzanne C; Ozen, Seza; Girschick, Hermann; Laxer, Ronald M; Dedeoglu, Fatma; Hedrich, Christian M; Ferguson, Polly J

    2017-11-07

    To develop standardized treatment regimens for chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO), also known as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) to enable comparative effectiveness treatment studies. Virtual and face-to-face discussions and meetings were held within the CNO subgroup of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA). A literature search was conducted, and CARRA membership was surveyed to evaluate available treatment data and identify current treatment practices. Nominal group technique was used to achieve consensus on treatment plans for CNO refractory to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) monotherapy and/or with active spinal lesions. Three consensus treatment plans (CTPs) were developed for the first 12 months of therapy for CNO patients refractory to NSAID monotherapy and/or with active spinal lesions. The three CTPs are: (1) methotrexate or sulfasalazine, (2) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors with optional use of methotrexate, and (3) bisphosphonates. Short courses of glucocorticoids and continuation of NSAIDs are permitted for all regimens. Consensus was achieved on these CTPs among CARRA members. Consensus was also reached on subject eligibility criteria, initial evaluations that should be conducted prior to the initiation of CTPs, and data items to collect to assess treatment response. Three consensus treatment plans were developed for pediatric patients with CNO refractory to NSAIDs and/or with active spinal lesions. Use of these CTPs will provide additional information on efficacy and will generate meaningful data for comparative effectiveness research in CNO. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  6. Gq-DREADD Selectively Initiates Glial Glutamate Release and Inhibits Cue-induced Cocaine Seeking

    PubMed Central

    Scofield Michael, D.; Boger Heather, A.; Smith Rachel, J.; Li, Hao; Haydon Philip, G.; Kalivas Peter, W.

    2015-01-01

    Background Glial cells of the central nervous system directly influence neuronal activity by releasing neuroactive small molecules, including glutamate. Long-lasting cocaine-induced reductions in extracellular glutamate in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore) affect synaptic plasticity responsible for relapse vulnerability. Methods We transduced NAcore astrocytes with an AAV viral vector expressing hM3Dq (Gq) DREADD under control of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter in 62 male Sprague Dawley rats, 4 dnSNARE mice and 4 wild type littermates. Using glutamate biosensors we measured NAcore glutamate levels following intracranial or systemic administration of clozapine-N-oxide (CNO), and tested the ability of systemic CNO to inhibit reinstated cocaine or sucrose seeking following self-administration (SA) and extinction training. Results Administration of CNO in GFAP-Gq-DREADD transfected animals increased NAcore extracellular glutamate levels in vivo. The glial origin of released glutamate was validated by an absence of CNO-mediated release in mice expressing a dominant-negative SNARE variant in glia. Also, CNO-mediated release was relatively insensitive to N-type calcium channel blockade. Systemic administration of CNO inhibited cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking in rats extinguished from cocaine, but not sucrose SA. The capacity to inhibit reinstated cocaine-seeking was prevented by systemic administration of the group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR2/3) antagonist LY341495. Conclusions DREADD-mediated glutamate gliotransmission inhibited cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking by stimulating release-regulating mGluR2/3 autoreceptors to inhibit cue-induced synaptic glutamate spillover. PMID:25861696

  7. The CNO Bi-cycle in the Open Cluster NGC 752

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hawkins, Keith; Schuler, S.; King, J.; The, L.

    2011-01-01

    The CNO bi-cycle is the primary energy source for main sequence stars more massive than the sun. To test our understanding of stellar evolution models using the CNO bi-cycle, we have undertaken light-element (CNO) abundance analysis of three main sequence dwarf stars and three red giant stars in the open cluster NGC 752 utilizing high resolution (R 50,000) spectroscopy from the Keck Observatory. Preliminary results indicate, as expected, there is a depletion of carbon in the giants relative to the dwarfs. Additional analysis is needed to determine if the amount of depletion is in line with model predictions, as seen in the Hyades open cluster. Oxygen abundances are derived from the high-excitation O I triplet, and there is a 0.19 dex offset in the [O/H] abundances between the giants and dwarfs which may be explained by non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE), although further analysis is needed to verify this. The standard procedure for spectroscopically determining stellar parameters used here allows for a measurement of the cluster metallicity, [Fe/H] = 0.04 ± 0.02. In addition to the Fe abundances we have determined Na, Mg, and Al abundances to determine the status of other nucleosynthesis processes. The Na, Mg and Al abundances of the giants are enhanced relative to the dwarfs, which is consistent with similar findings in giants of other open clusters. Support for K. Hawkins was provided by the NOAO/KPNO Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) Program which is funded by the National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates Program and the Department of Defense ASSURE program through Scientific Program Order No. 13 (AST-0754223) of the Cooperative Agreement No. AST-0132798 between the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) and the NSF.

  8. Carbon and nitrogen abundances in the supergiants HD 93840 and zeta Per

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Massa, Derck; Altner, Bruce; Wynne, David; Lamers, H. J. G. L. M.

    1990-01-01

    The BN supergiant HD 93840 is shown to have the same temperature and surface gravity as the normal Bi Ib zeta Per. Differential abundance analysis of their C 4 and N 5 wind line profiles are found. The results are independent of the usual model atmosphere analyses and, therefore, a valuable check on them. Ratios for the C and N surface abundances in HD 93840 compared to Per of 1:10 and 4.6:1 are found respectively. By introducing a simple model for the compositions of both atmospheres the fraction of material in each atmosphere which has undergone CNO processing, more than 90 percent for HD 93840 and less than about 15 percent for zeta Per, is derived.

  9. Intelligent Signal Processing for Active Control

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-06-17

    FUNDING NUMSI Intelligent Signal Processing for Active Control C-NO001489-J-1633 G. AUTHOR(S) P.A. Ramamoorthy 7. P2RFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND...unclassified .unclassified unclassified L . I mu-. W UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Intelligent Signal Processing For Rctiue Control...NAURI RESEARCH Conkact No: NO1489-J-1633 P.L: P.A.imoodh Intelligent Signal Processing For Active Control 1 Executive Summary The thrust of this

  10. Pediatric chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis.

    PubMed

    Borzutzky, Arturo; Stern, Sara; Reiff, Andreas; Zurakowski, David; Steinberg, Evan A; Dedeoglu, Fatma; Sundel, Robert P

    2012-11-01

    Little information is available concerning the natural history and optimal treatment of chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO). We conducted a retrospective review to assess the clinical characteristics and treatment responses of a large cohort of pediatric CNO patients. Children diagnosed with CNO at 3 tertiary care centers in the United States between 1985 and 2009 were identified. Their charts were reviewed, and clinical, laboratory, histopathologic, and radiologic data were extracted. Seventy children with CNO (67% female patients) were identified. Median age at onset was 9.6 years (range 3-17), and median follow-up was 1.8 years (range 0-13). Half of the patients had comorbid autoimmune diseases, and 49% had a family history of autoimmunity. Patients with comorbid autoimmune diseases had more bone lesions (P < .001), higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P < .05), and higher use of second line therapy (P = .02). Treatment response to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), sulfasalazine, methotrexate, tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors, and corticosteroids was evaluated. The only significant predictor of a positive treatment response was the agent used (P < .0001). Estimated probability of response was 57% for NSAIDs, 66% for sulfasalazine, 91% for methotrexate, 91% for tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors, and 95% for corticosteroids. In a US cohort of 70 children with CNO, coexisting autoimmunity was a risk factor for multifocal involvement and treatment with immunosuppressive agents. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologics were more likely to lead to clinical improvement than NSAIDs.

  11. [Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and the Bethe-Weizsäcker cycle].

    PubMed

    Wiescher, Michael

    2014-01-01

    The Carbon- or Bethe-Weizsäcker Cycle plays an important role in astrophysics as one of the most important energy sources for a quiescent and explosive hydrogen burning in stars. This paper presents the historical background and the contributions by Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and Hans Bethe who provided the first predictions of the cycle. Furthermore, it discussed the experimental verification of the predicted process in the following decades. Also discussed is the extension of the initial Carbon cycle to the CNO multi-cycles and the hot CNO cycles which followed from the detailed experimental studies of the associated nuclear reactions. Finally discussed is the impact of the experimental and theoretical results on our present understanding of hydrogen burning in different stellar environments and on our understanding of the chemical evolution of our universe.

  12. CNO Podcasts

    Science.gov Websites

    As CNO prepares to head to the 2017 DoD Warrior Games in Chicago, we talk with one of the Navy athletes competing this year, in addition to several key leaders and organizers of the Warrior Games and Command; Scott Danberg, a five-time Paralympian and the Warrior Games Sports Director; and Warrior Care

  13. Experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits fed cholesterol-free diets.

    PubMed

    Kritchevsky, D; Tepper, S A; Bises, G; Klurfeld, D M

    1982-02-01

    Rabbits were fed a semipurified, cholesterol-free atherogenic diet containing 40% sucrose, 25% casein, 14% fat, 15% fiber, 5% salt mix and 1% vitamin mix. The fats were corn oil (CO), palm kernel oil (PO), cocoa butter (CB), and coconut oil (CNO). The rabbits were bled at 3, 6, and 9 months and killed at 9 months. Serum lipids of rabbits fed CO were unaffected. Serum cholesterol levels (mg/dl) at 9 months were: CO -- 64; PO -- 436; CB -- 220; and CNO -- 474. HDL-cholesterol (%) was: CO -- 37; PO -- 8.6; CB -- 25.1; and CNO -- 7.0. Average atherosclerosis (arch + thoracic/2) was: CO -- 0.15; PO -- 1.28; CB -- 0.53; and CNO -- 1.60. Cocoa butter (iodine value 33) is significantly less cholesterolemic and atherogenic than palm oil (iodine value 17) or coconut oil (iodine value 6). The difference between the atherogenic effects of cocoa butter and palm oil may lie in the fact that about half of the fatty acids of palm oil are C 16 or shorter, whereas 76% of the fatty acids of cocoa butter are C 18 or longer.

  14. The case for nursing leaders on hospital boards.

    PubMed

    Weiss, Cathy Siegel; Pettker, John D

    2015-01-01

    At Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), the participation of our chief nursing officer (CNO) as a voting member on our governing board has been crucial to effective functioning in several areas, particularly those that impact the safety and quality of our patient care services, as well as our entire organization's financial and operational efficiency. As a voting member of our Board of Trustees and 2 standing committees, our CNO has a voice that carries authority and credibility, serving as a conduit between her Trustee colleagues and the nursing troops she leads, who constitute more than half of CHLA employees. Our CNO communicates to the board our nurses' concerns and perspective and in return conveys to nurses the information necessary to implement the board's policies and strategic decisions. As we consider how to ensure CHLA's future as a premier pediatric academic medical center, we understand that the results of the board's work would be impaired if it did not take into account the responsibilities and challenges faced by nurses. We would miss a vital contributor if our CNO was not involved in the hospital's governance at the highest levels.

  15. A dynamics prediction of nitromethane → methyl nitrite isomerization in external electric field.

    PubMed

    Ren, Fu-de; Cao, Duan-lin; Shi, Wen-jing

    2016-04-01

    As a follow-up to our investigation into the effect of external electric field on the chemical bond strength, the effects of external electric field on the CH3NO2 → CH3ONO isomerization dynamics were investigated using the MP2/6-311++G(2d,p) and CCSD/6-311++G(2d,p) methods. The rate constants in the absence and presence of various field strengths were calculated. The results show that, when the field strength is larger than +0.0060 a.u. along the C-NO2 bond axis, the barriers of the isomerization are lower than the C-NO2 bond dissociation energies, leading to the preferences of the isomerization over the C-NO2 bond dissociation. In this case, the sensitivities are higher than that in no field. However, in the other fields, the C-NO2 bond scission is favored and the sensitivities are almost equal to that in no field. Several good linear correlations are found between the field strengths and the changes of the bond lengths or corresponding electron densities.

  16. Base Structure Annex to Manpower Requirements Report for FY 1982.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-01-01

    each separately identified installation is provided. Base operations costs for each Service, as compiled from the DoD budget process , are also...different relation to readiness. The annual process further includes MRP program ob- jectives by IC which are approved personally by the CNO and which...form the basis for the funding levels contained in the program- ming and budgeting process . Analysis of MRP requirements in- cludes a statement of the

  17. Netwar

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Keen, Arthur A.

    2006-04-01

    This paper describes technology being developed at 21st Century Technologies to automate Computer Network Operations (CNO). CNO refers to DoD activities related to Attacking and Defending Computer Networks (CNA & CND). Next generation cyber threats are emerging in the form of powerful Internet services and tools that automate intelligence gathering, planning, testing, and surveillance. We will focus on "Search-Engine Hacks", queries that can retrieve lists of router/switch/server passwords, control panels, accessible cameras, software keys, VPN connection files, and vulnerable web applications. Examples include "Titan Rain" attacks against DoD facilities and the Santy worm, which identifies vulnerable sites by searching Google for URLs containing application-specific strings. This trend will result in increasingly sophisticated and automated intelligence-driven cyber attacks coordinated across multiple domains that are difficult to defeat or even understand with current technology. One traditional method of CNO relies on surveillance detection as an attack predictor. Unfortunately, surveillance detection is difficult because attackers can perform search engine-driven surveillance such as with Google Hacks, and avoid touching the target site. Therefore, attack observables represent only about 5% of the attacker's total attack time, and are inadequate to provide warning. In order to predict attacks and defend against them, CNO must also employ more sophisticated techniques and work to understand the attacker's Motives, Means and Opportunities (MMO). CNO must use automated reconnaissance tools, such as Google, to identify information vulnerabilities, and then utilize Internet tools to observe the intelligence gathering, planning, testing, and collaboration activities that represent 95% of the attacker's effort.

  18. Cycling the Hot CNO: A Teaching Methodology

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Frost-Schenk, J. W.; Diget, C. Aa.; Bentley, M. A.; Tuff, A.

    2018-01-01

    An interactive activity to teach the hot Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen (HCNO) cycle is proposed. Justification for why the HCNO cycle is important is included via an example of x-ray bursts. The activity allows teaching and demonstration of half-life, nuclear isotopes, nuclear reactions, protons and a-particles, and catalytic processes. Whilst the…

  19. Design and functional characterization of a novel, arrestin-biased designer G protein-coupled receptor.

    PubMed

    Nakajima, Ken-ichiro; Wess, Jürgen

    2012-10-01

    Mutational modification of distinct muscarinic receptor subtypes has yielded novel designer G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are unable to bind acetylcholine (ACh), the endogenous muscarinic receptor ligand, but can be efficiently activated by clozapine-N-oxide (CNO), an otherwise pharmacologically inert compound. These CNO-sensitive designer GPCRs [alternative name: designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drug (DREADDs)] have emerged as powerful new tools to dissect the in vivo roles of distinct G protein signaling pathways in specific cell types or tissues. As is the case with other GPCRs, CNO-activated DREADDs not only couple to heterotrimeric G proteins but can also recruit proteins of the arrestin family (arrestin-2 and -3). Accumulating evidence suggests that arrestins can act as scaffolding proteins to promote signaling through G protein-independent signaling pathways. To explore the physiological relevance of these arrestin-dependent signaling pathways, the availability of an arrestin-biased DREADD would be highly desirable. In this study, we describe the development of an M₃ muscarinic receptor-based DREADD [Rq(R165L)] that is no longer able to couple to G proteins but can recruit arrestins and promote extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 phosphorylation in an arrestin- and CNO-dependent fashion. Moreover, CNO treatment of mouse insulinoma (MIN6) cells expressing the Rq(R165L) construct resulted in a robust, arrestin-dependent stimulation of insulin release, directly implicating arrestin signaling in the regulation of insulin secretion. This newly developed arrestin-biased DREADD represents an excellent novel tool to explore the physiological relevance of arrestin signaling pathways in distinct tissues and cell types.

  20. Abundance differences among globular-cluster giants: Primordial versus evolutionary scenarios

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kraft, Robert P.

    1994-06-01

    Contrary to historical expectation, stars within a given globular cluster often exhibit wide variations in the abundance of C, N, and O as well as certain light metals, particularly Na and Al. Owing to flux limitations, studies have been confined to evolved stars, especially giants, but in few instances variations have been detected among main-sequence stars. Among giants, the variations are of two kinds. The abundances of C and N are often anticorrelated, and in the limited number of cases in which both have been measured, O and N abundances have also often proved to be anticorrelated (Pilachowski 1988; Sneden et al. 1991; Brown et al. 1991; Kraft et al. 1992). Following pioneering work by Cohen (1978) and Peterson (1980), strong evidence has recently emerged for the existence of a significant global anticorrelation between O and Na abundances (Drake et al. 1992, Kraft et al. 1993). The observations are discussed in terms of contrasting hypotheses: evolutionary versus primordial. In the former, the variations are attributed to the dredgeup of material that has been processed through the CNO cycle in the globular-cluster stars themselves. In the latter, the variations are attributed to primordial chemical inhomogeneities in the material out of which the cluster stars were formed, the composition of these 'clumps' having been determined by nuclear processing in a prior generation of more massive stars. Observational evidence supporting each of these scenarios is cited. Recent studies of stellar rotation among horizontal branch stars in certain clusters (Peterson et al. 1994) as well as new calculations of Na-23 and Al-27 production in the CNO processing regions of evolving low-mass giants (Langer et al. 1993) lend fresh support to the evolutionary hypothesis. However, such calculations do not explain the variation of C and N abundances found among cluster main-sequence stars (Suntzeff 1989; Briley et al. 1991) which therefore seem explicable only on the basis of a primordial scenario. Among mildly metal-poor giants, i.e., those in the range from solar metallicity to (Fe/H) approximately -1, recent observational evidence suggesting the existence of a substructure in the (el/Fe) ratios of the heavier alpha elements, e.g., Si, Mg, Ca, and Ti, is discussed. The possible influence of this effect on the interpretation of the integrated spectra of extragalactic globular clusters and E galaxies is noted.

  1. 75 FR 9188 - Notice of Cancellation of Open Meeting of the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Executive Panel

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-01

    ... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Navy Notice of Cancellation of Open Meeting of the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Executive Panel AGENCY: Department of the Navy, DoD. ACTION: Notice of cancellation. SUMMARY: The Department of the Navy published a document in the Federal Register (75 FR 7453) of...

  2. On-boarding the Middle Manager.

    PubMed

    OʼConnor, Mary

    The trend of promoting clinical experts into management roles continues. New middle managers need a transitional plan that includes support, mentoring, and direction from senior leaders, including the chief nursing officer (CNO). This case study demonstrates how the CNO of one organization collaborated with a faculty member colleague to develop and implement a yearlong personalized on-boarding program for a group of new nurse middle managers.

  3. Processing, Structure and High Temperature Oxidation Properties of Polymer-Derived and Hafnium Oxide Based Ceramic Systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Terauds, Kalvis

    Demands for hypersonic aircraft are driving the development of ultra-high temperature structural materials. These aircraft, envisioned to sustain Mach 5+, are expected to experience continuous temperatures of 1200--1800°C on the aircraft surface and temperatures as high as 2800°C in combustion zones. Breakthroughs in the development of fiber based ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are opening the door to a new class of high-tech UHT structures for aerospace applications. One limitation with current carbon fiber or silicon carbide fiber based CMC technology is the inherent problem of material oxidation, requiring new approaches for protective environmental barrier coatings (EBC) in extreme environments. This thesis focuses on the development and characterization of SiCN-HfO2 based ceramic composite EBC systems to be used as a protective layer for silicon carbide fiber based CMCs. The presented work covers three main architectures for protection (i) multilayer films, (ii) polymer-derived HfSiCNO, and (iii) composite SiCN-HfO 2 infiltration. The scope of this thesis covers processing development, material characterization, and high temperature oxidation behavior of these three SiCN-HfO2 based systems. This work shows that the SiCN-HfO 2 composite materials react upon oxidation to form HfSiO4, offering a stable EBC in streaming air and water vapor at 1600°C.

  4. Physicians' Perspectives on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis.

    PubMed

    Zhao, Yongdong; Dedeoglu, Fatma; Ferguson, Polly J; Lapidus, Sivia K; Laxer, Ronald M; Bradford, Miranda C; Li, Suzanne C

    2017-01-01

    Background/Purpose . Understanding the practices of pediatric rheumatologists in diagnosing and treating chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) can provide important information to guide the development of consensus treatment plans. The objectives of this study were to determine physicians' approaches to (1) diagnosing and monitoring CNO, (2) ordering a bone biopsy, and (3) making treatment decisions. Methods . A survey was distributed among members of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance using a web-based questionnaire. Results . 121 of 277 (41%) attending physician members completed the survey. Plain radiographs (89%) were most commonly used followed by regional MRI (78%), bone scintigraphy (43%), and whole-body MRI (36%). The top three reasons for performing a biopsy were constitutional findings (66%), unifocal bone lesions (64%), and nocturnal bone pain (45%). Nearly all responders (95%) prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as initial therapy. For patients who failed NSAID treatment, methotrexate (67%), tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (65%), and bisphosphonates (46%) were the next most commonly used treatments. The presence of a spinal lesion increased the use of bisphosphonate treatment. Conclusion . The diagnostic approach and disease activity monitoring for CNO varied among surveyed physicians. Our survey findings provided important background for the development of consensus treatment plans for CNO.

  5. The cosmic ray proton, helium and CNO fluxes in the 100 TeV energy region from TeV muons and EAS atmospheric Cherenkov light observations of MACRO and EAS-TOP

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aglietta, M.; Alessandro, B.; Antonioli, P.; Arneodo, F.; Bergamasco, L.; Bertaina, M.; Castagnoli, C.; Castellina, A.; Chiavassa, A.; Cini, G.; D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B.; Di Sciascio, G.; Fulgione, W.; Galeotti, P.; Ghia, P. L.; Iacovacci, M.; Mannocchi, G.; Morello, C.; Navarra, G.; Saavedra, O.; Stamerra, A.; Trinchero, G. C.; Valchierotti, S.; Vallania, P.; Vernetto, S.; Vigorito, C.; Ambrosio, M.; Antolini, R.; Baldini, A.; Barbarino, G. C.; Barish, B. C.; Battistoni, G.; Becherini, Y.; Bellotti, R.; Bemporad, C.; Bernardini, P.; Bilokon, H.; Bower, C.; Brigida, M.; Bussino, S.; Cafagna, F.; Calicchio, M.; Campana, D.; Carboni, M.; Caruso, R.; Cecchini, S.; Cei, F.; Chiarella, V.; Chiarusi, T.; Choudhary, B. C.; Coutu, S.; Cozzi, M.; De Cataldo, G.; Dekhissi, H.; De Marzo, C.; De Mitri, I.; Derkaoui, J.; De Vincenzi, M.; Di Credico, A.; Erriquez, O.; Favuzzi, C.; Forti, C.; Fusco, P.; Giacomelli, G.; Giannini, G.; Giglietto, N.; Giorgini, M.; Grassi, M.; Grillo, A.; Guarino, F.; Gustavino, C.; Habig, A.; Hanson, K.; Heinz, R.; Iarocci, E.; Katsavounidis, E.; Katsavounidis, I.; Kearns, E.; Kim, H.; Kyriazopoulou, S.; Lamanna, E.; Lane, C.; Levin, D. S.; Lipari, P.; Longley, N. P.; Longo, M. J.; Loparco, F.; Maaroufi, F.; Mancarella, G.; Mandrioli, G.; Margiotta, A.; Marini, A.; Martello, D.; Marzari-Chiesa, A.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Michael, D. G.; Monacelli, P.; Montaruli, T.; Monteno, M.; Mufson, S.; Musser, J.; Nicolò, D.; Nolty, R.; Orth, C.; Osteria, G.; Palamara, O.; Patera, V.; Patrizii, L.; Pazzi, R.; Peck, C. W.; Perrone, L.; Petrera, S.; Popa, V.; Rainò, A.; Reynoldson, J.; Ronga, F.; Satriano, C.; Scapparone, E.; Scholberg, K.; Sciubba, A.; Sioli, M.; Sirri, G.; Sitta, M.; Spinelli, P.; Spinetti, M.; Spurio, M.; Steinberg, R.; Stone, J. L.; Sulak, L. R.; Surdo, A.; Tarlé, G.; Togo, V.; Vakili, M.; Walter, C. W.; Webb, R.; EAS-TOP Collaboration

    2004-06-01

    The primary cosmic ray (CR) proton, helium and CNO fluxes in the energy range 80-300 TeV are studied at the National Gran Sasso Laboratories by means of EAS-TOP (Campo Imperatore, 2005 m a.s.l.) and MACRO (deep underground, 3100 m w.e., the surface energy threshold for a muon reaching the detector being Eμth≈1.3 TeV). The measurement is based on: (a) the selection of primaries based on their energy/nucleon (i.e., with energy/nucleon sufficient to produce a muon with energy larger than 1.3 TeV) and the reconstruction of the shower geometry by means of the muons recorded by MACRO in the deep underground laboratories; (b) the detection of the associated atmospheric Cherenkov light (C.l.) signals by means of the C.l. detector of EAS-TOP. The C.l. density at core distance r>100 m is directly related to the total primary energy E0. Proton and helium ("p + He") and proton, helium and CNO ("p + He + CNO") primaries are thus selected at E0≃80 TeV, and at E0≃250 TeV, respectively. Their flux is measured: J p+ He(80 TeV)=(1.8±0.4)×10 -6 m -2 s -1 sr -1 TeV -1, and J p+ He+ CNO(250 TeV)=(1.1±0.3)×10 -7 m -2 s -1 sr -1 TeV -1, their relative weights being: J p+ He/J p+ He+ CNO(250 TeV)=0.78±0.17 . By using the measurements of the proton spectrum obtained from the direct experiments and hadron flux data in the atmosphere, we obtain for the relative weights of the three components at 250 TeV: Jp: JHe: JCNO=(0.20±0.08):(0.58±0.19):(0.22±0.17). This corresponds to the dominance of helium over proton primaries at 100-1000 TeV, and a possible non-negligible contribution from CNO. The lateral distribution of Cherenkov light in Extensive Air Showers (EASs), which is related to the rate of energy deposit of the primary in the atmosphere, is measured for a selected proton and helium primary beam, and good agreement is found when compared with the one calculated with the CORSIKA/QGSJET simulation model.

  6. The puzzle of the CNO isotope ratios in asymptotic giant branch carbon stars

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Abia, C.; Hedrosa, R. P.; Domínguez, I.; Straniero, O.

    2017-03-01

    Context. The abundance ratios of the main isotopes of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen are modified by the CNO-cycle in the stellar interiors. When the different dredge-up events mix the burning material with the envelope, valuable information on the nucleosynthesis and mixing processes can be extracted by measuring these isotope ratios. Aims: Previous determinations of the oxygen isotopic ratios in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) carbon stars were at odds with the existing theoretical predictions. We aim to redetermine the oxygen ratios in these stars using new spectral analysis tools and further develop discussions on the carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios in order to elucidate this problem. Methods: Oxygen isotopic ratios were derived from spectra in the K-band in a sample of galactic AGB carbon stars of different spectral types and near solar metallicity. Synthetic spectra calculated in local thermodynamic equillibrium (LTE) with spherical carbon-rich atmosphere models and updated molecular line lists were used. The CNO isotope ratios derived in a homogeneous way, were compared with theoretical predictions for low-mass (1.5-3 M⊙) AGB stars computed with the FUNS code assuming extra mixing both during the RGB and AGB phases. Results: For most of the stars the 16O/17O/18O ratios derived are in good agreement with theoretical predictions confirming that, for AGB stars, are established using the values reached after the first dredge-up (FDU) according to the initial stellar mass. This fact, as far as the oxygen isotopic ratios are concerned, leaves little space for the operation of any extra mixing mechanism during the AGB phase. Nevertheless, for a few stars with large 16O/17O/18O, the operation of such a mechanism might be required, although their observed 12C/13C and 14N/15N ratios would be difficult to reconcile within this scenario. Furthermore, J-type stars tend to have lower 16O/17O ratios than the normal carbon stars, as already indicated in previous studies. Excluding these peculiar stars, AGB carbon stars occupy the same region as pre-solar type I oxide grains in a 17O/16O vs. 18O/16O diagram, showing little spread. This reinforces the idea that these grains were probably formed in low-mass stars during the previous O-rich phases.

  7. Design and Functional Characterization of a Novel, Arrestin-Biased Designer G Protein-Coupled Receptor

    PubMed Central

    Nakajima, Ken-ichiro

    2012-01-01

    Mutational modification of distinct muscarinic receptor subtypes has yielded novel designer G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are unable to bind acetylcholine (ACh), the endogenous muscarinic receptor ligand, but can be efficiently activated by clozapine-N-oxide (CNO), an otherwise pharmacologically inert compound. These CNO-sensitive designer GPCRs [alternative name: designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drug (DREADDs)] have emerged as powerful new tools to dissect the in vivo roles of distinct G protein signaling pathways in specific cell types or tissues. As is the case with other GPCRs, CNO-activated DREADDs not only couple to heterotrimeric G proteins but can also recruit proteins of the arrestin family (arrestin-2 and -3). Accumulating evidence suggests that arrestins can act as scaffolding proteins to promote signaling through G protein-independent signaling pathways. To explore the physiological relevance of these arrestin-dependent signaling pathways, the availability of an arrestin-biased DREADD would be highly desirable. In this study, we describe the development of an M3 muscarinic receptor-based DREADD [Rq(R165L)] that is no longer able to couple to G proteins but can recruit arrestins and promote extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 phosphorylation in an arrestin- and CNO-dependent fashion. Moreover, CNO treatment of mouse insulinoma (MIN6) cells expressing the Rq(R165L) construct resulted in a robust, arrestin-dependent stimulation of insulin release, directly implicating arrestin signaling in the regulation of insulin secretion. This newly developed arrestin-biased DREADD represents an excellent novel tool to explore the physiological relevance of arrestin signaling pathways in distinct tissues and cell types. PMID:22821234

  8. The First Structure–Activity Relationship Studies for Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs

    PubMed Central

    2016-01-01

    Over the past decade, two independent technologies have emerged and been widely adopted by the neuroscience community for remotely controlling neuronal activity: optogenetics which utilize engineered channelrhodopsin and other opsins, and chemogenetics which utilize engineered G protein-coupled receptors (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs)) and other orthologous ligand–receptor pairs. Using directed molecular evolution, two types of DREADDs derived from human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors have been developed: hM3Dq which activates neuronal firing, and hM4Di which inhibits neuronal firing. Importantly, these DREADDs were not activated by the native ligand acetylcholine (ACh), but selectively activated by clozapine N-oxide (CNO), a pharmacologically inert ligand. CNO has been used extensively in rodent models to activate DREADDs, and although CNO is not subject to significant metabolic transformation in mice, a small fraction of CNO is apparently metabolized to clozapine in humans and guinea pigs, lessening the translational potential of DREADDs. To effectively translate the DREADD technology, the next generation of DREADD agonists are needed and a thorough understanding of structure–activity relationships (SARs) of DREADDs is required for developing such ligands. We therefore conducted the first SAR studies of hM3Dq. We explored multiple regions of the scaffold represented by CNO, identified interesting SAR trends, and discovered several compounds that are very potent hM3Dq agonists but do not activate the native human M3 receptor (hM3). We also discovered that the approved drug perlapine is a novel hM3Dq agonist with >10 000-fold selectivity for hM3Dq over hM3. PMID:25587888

  9. Development of high-performance biodegradable rigid polyurethane foams using all bioresource-based polyols: Lignin and soy oil-derived polyols.

    PubMed

    Luo, Xiaogang; Xiao, Yuqin; Wu, Qiangxian; Zeng, Jian

    2018-04-25

    Development of biodegradable polyurethane materials is the most promising in the wider context of the "greening" of industrial chemistry. To tackle this challenge, a novel biodegradable polyurethane foam from all bioresource-based polyols (lignin and soy oil-derived polyols) and polymeric methyldiphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) have been synthesized via a one-pot and self-rising process. All these foam samples have the internal cellular morphology and microstructure. FTIR result exhibits characteristic peaks of polyurethane, and indicates covalent bonds between soy-based polyurethane and lignin, and the lignin powders can react with pMDI via active -H and -CNO. In addition, hydrogen bonding also plays an important role in forming the 3D structures. These interactions and chemical bonds made the prepared foam samples form the 3D macromolecular structure with improved mechanical, thermal, and biodegradable properties. The reaction process is time-saving and cost-effective as it requires no blowing agent and minimum processing steps, while exploring the potential of using the higher content of nature bioresource constituents. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. CNO to CEO: Barbara A. Donaho and Irma E. Goertzen--they broke the glass ceiling. Interview by Barbara J Brown.

    PubMed

    Donaho, B A; Goertzen, I E

    1995-01-01

    Two nurse executives who broke the glass ceiling to become chief executives of health care systems are interviewed. Irma Goertzen and Barbara Donaho are asked key, candid questions comparing chief nurse officer (CNO) with chief executive officer (CEO); special skills needed; being a woman in a traditional man's role; and advice to colleagues for becoming a CEO.

  11. Physicians' Perspectives on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis

    PubMed Central

    Dedeoglu, Fatma; Lapidus, Sivia K.; Laxer, Ronald M.; Bradford, Miranda C.; Li, Suzanne C.

    2017-01-01

    Background/Purpose. Understanding the practices of pediatric rheumatologists in diagnosing and treating chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) can provide important information to guide the development of consensus treatment plans. The objectives of this study were to determine physicians' approaches to (1) diagnosing and monitoring CNO, (2) ordering a bone biopsy, and (3) making treatment decisions. Methods. A survey was distributed among members of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance using a web-based questionnaire. Results. 121 of 277 (41%) attending physician members completed the survey. Plain radiographs (89%) were most commonly used followed by regional MRI (78%), bone scintigraphy (43%), and whole-body MRI (36%). The top three reasons for performing a biopsy were constitutional findings (66%), unifocal bone lesions (64%), and nocturnal bone pain (45%). Nearly all responders (95%) prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as initial therapy. For patients who failed NSAID treatment, methotrexate (67%), tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (65%), and bisphosphonates (46%) were the next most commonly used treatments. The presence of a spinal lesion increased the use of bisphosphonate treatment. Conclusion. The diagnostic approach and disease activity monitoring for CNO varied among surveyed physicians. Our survey findings provided important background for the development of consensus treatment plans for CNO. PMID:28167963

  12. Comparative ultrastructure of CRM1-Nucleolar bodies (CNoBs), Intranucleolar bodies (INBs) and hybrid PML/p62 bodies uncovers new facets of nuclear body dynamic and diversity

    PubMed Central

    Souquere, Sylvie; Weil, Dominique; Pierron, Gérard

    2015-01-01

    In order to gain insights on the nuclear organization in mammalian cells, we characterized ultrastructurally nuclear bodies (NBs) previously described as fluorescent foci. Using high resolution immunoelectron microscopy (I-EM), we provide evidence that CNoBs (CRM1-Nucleolar bodies) and INBs (Intranucleolar bodies) are distinct genuine nucleolar structures in untreated HeLa cells. INBs are fibrillar and concentrate the post-translational modifiers SUMO1 and SUMO-2/3 as strongly as PML bodies. In contrast, the smallest CRM1-labeled CNoBs are vitreous, preferentially located at the periphery of the nucleolus and, intricately linked to the chromatin network. Upon blockage of the CRM1-dependent nuclear export by leptomycin B (LMB), CNoBs disappear while p62/SQSTM1-containing fibrillar nuclear bodies are induced. These p62 bodies are enriched in ubiquitinated proteins. They progressively associate with PML bodies to form hybrid bodies of which PML decorates the periphery while p62/SQSTM1 is centrally-located. Our study is expanding the repertoire of nuclear bodies; revealing a previously unrecognized composite nucleolar landscape and a new mode of interactions between ubiquitous (PML) and stress-induced (p62) nuclear bodies, resulting in the formation of hybrid bodies. PMID:26275159

  13. Production of Biodiesel from Candlenut Oil Using a Two-step Co-solvent Method and Evaluation of Its Gaseous Emissions.

    PubMed

    Pham, Lan Ngoc; Luu, Boi Van; Phuoc, Hung Duong; Le, Hanh Ngoc Thi; Truong, Hoa Thi; Luu, Phuong Duc; Furuta, Masakazu; Imamura, Kiyoshi; Maeda, Yasuaki

    2018-05-01

    Candlenut oil (CNO) is a potentially new feedstock for biodiesel (BDF) production. In this paper, a two-step co-solvent method for BDF production from CNO was examined. Firstly, esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) (7 wt%) present in CNO was carried out using a co-solvent of acetonitrile (30 wt%) and H 2 SO 4 as a catalyst. The content of FFAs was reduced to 0.8 wt% in 1 h at 65°C. Subsequent transesterification of the crude oil produced was carried out using a co-solvent of acetone (20 wt%) and 1 wt% potassium hydroxide (KOH). Ester content of 99.3% was obtained at 40°C in 45 min. The water content in BDF was 0.023% upon purification using vacuum distillation at 5 kPa. The components of CNO BDF were characterized using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. The physicochemical properties of BDF satisfied the ASTM D6751-02 standard. The gaseous exhaust emissions from the diesel engine upon combustion of the BDF blends (B0-B100) with petrodiesel were examined. The emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons were clearly lower, but that of nitrogen oxides was higher in comparison to those from petro-diesel.

  14. The Two Components of the Evolved Massive Binary LZ Cephei: Testing the Effects of Binarity on Stellar Evolution

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mahy, L.; Martins, F.; Donati, J.-F.; Bouret, J.-C.

    2011-01-01

    We present an in-dep(h study of the two components of the binary system LZ Cep to constrain the effects of binarity on the evolution of massive stars. Methods. We analyzed a set of high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio optical spectra obtained over the orbital period of the system to perform a spectroscopic disentangling and derive an orbital solution. We subsequently determine the stellar properties of each component by means of an analysis with the CMFGEN atmosphere code. Finally, with the derived stellar parameters, we model the Hipparcos photometric light curve using the program NIGHTFALL to obtain the orbit inclination and the stellar masses. Results.LZ Cep is a O9III+ON9.7V binary. It is as a semi-detailed system in which either the primary or the secondary star almost fills up its Roche lobe. The dynamical masses are about 16.0 Stellar Mass (primary) and 6.5 Stellar Mass (secondary). The latter is lower than the typical mass of late-type O stars. The secondary component is chemically more evolved than the primary (which barely shows any sign of CNO processing), with strong helium and nitrogen enhancements as well as carbon and oxygen depletions. These properties (surface abundances and mass) are typical of Wolf-Rayet stars, although the spectral type is ON9.7V. The luminosity of the secondary is consistent with that of core He-burning objects. The preferred, tentative evolutionary scenario to explain abe observed properties involves mass transfer from the secondary - which was initially more massive- towards the primary. The secondary is now almost a core He-burning object, probably with only a thin envelope of H-rich and CNO processed material. A very inefficient mass transfer is necessary to explain the chemical appearance of the primary. Alternative scenarios are discussed but they are affected by greater uncertainties.

  15. The two components of the evolved massive binary LZ Cephei. Testing the effects of binarity on stellar evolution

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mahy, L.; Martins, F.; Machado, C.; Donati, J.-F.; Bouret, J.-C.

    2011-09-01

    Aims: We present an in-depth study of the two components of the binary system LZ Cep to constrain the effects of binarity on the evolution of massive stars. Methods: We analyzed a set of high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio optical spectra obtained over the orbital period of the system to perform a spectroscopic disentangling and derive an orbital solution. We subsequently determine the stellar properties of each component by means of an analysis with the CMFGEN atmosphere code. Finally, with the derived stellar parameters, we model the Hipparcos photometric light curve using the program NIGHTFALL to obtain the orbit inclination and the stellar masses. Results: LZ Cep is a O 9III+ON 9.7V binary. It is as a semi-detached system in which either the primary or the secondary star almost fills up its Roche lobe. The dynamical masses are about 16.0 M⊙ (primary) and 6.5 M⊙ (secondary). The latter is lower than the typical mass of late-type O stars. The secondary component is chemically more evolved than the primary (which barely shows any sign of CNO processing), with strong helium and nitrogen enhancements as well as carbon and oxygen depletions. These properties (surface abundances and mass) are typical of Wolf-Rayet stars, although the spectral type is ON 9.7V. The luminosity of the secondary is consistent with that of core He-burning objects. The preferred, tentative evolutionary scenario to explain the observed properties involves mass transfer from the secondary - which was initially more massive- towards the primary. The secondary is now almost a core He-burning object, probably with only a thin envelope of H-rich and CNO processed material. A very inefficient mass transfer is necessary to explain the chemical appearance of the primary. Alternative scenarios are discussed but they are affected by greater uncertainties.

  16. A One-Pot Self-Assembly Reaction to Prepare a Supramolecular Palladium(II) Cyclometalated Complex: An Undergraduate Organometallic Laboratory Experiment

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fernandez, Alberto; Lopez-Torres, Margarita; Fernandez, Jesus J.; Vazquez-Garcia, Digna; Vila, Jose M.

    2012-01-01

    A laboratory experiment for students in advanced inorganic chemistry is described. Students prepare palladium(II) cyclometalated complexes. A terdentate [C,N,O] Schiff base ligand is doubly deprotonated upon reaction with palladium(II) acetate in a self-assembly process to give a palladacycle with a characteristic tetranuclear structure. This…

  17. New portal to the 15O(α ,γ )19Ne resonance triggering CNO-cycle breakout

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wrede, C.; Glassman, B. E.; Pérez-Loureiro, D.; Allen, J. M.; Bardayan, D. W.; Bennett, M. B.; Brown, B. A.; Chipps, K. A.; Febbraro, M.; Fry, C.; Hall, M. R.; Hall, O.; Liddick, S. N.; O'Malley, P.; Ong, W.-J.; Pain, S. D.; Schwartz, S. B.; Shidling, P.; Sims, H.; Thompson, P.; Zhang, H.

    2017-09-01

    The 15O(α ,γ )19Ne reaction is expected to trigger the initial path for breakout from the CNO hydrogen-burning cycles to the rapid proton capture (r p ) process in type I x-ray bursts on accreting neutron stars. The thermonuclear reaction rate has a major impact on models of type I x-ray burst observables and it depends on the small α -particle branching ratio, Γα/Γ , of the 4.03 MeV state in 19Ne. Attempts to measure Γα/Γ by populating the 4.03 MeV state using nuclear reactions have only led to strong upper limits. In the present work, we report the first experimental evidence that the 4.03 MeV 19Ne state is populated in 20Mg β -delayed proton emission. This new channel has the potential to provide the necessary sensitivity to detect a finite value of Γα/Γ .

  18. Simulations of Fluid Nitromethane Under Extreme Conditions

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Fried, L E; Reed, E J; Manaa, M R

    2003-07-15

    We report density functional molecular dynamics simulations to determine the early chemical events of hot (T = 3000 K) and dense (1.97 g/cm{sup 3}, V/V{sub 0} = 0.68) nitromethane (CH{sub 3}NO{sub 2}). The first step in the decomposition process is an intermolecular proton abstraction mechanism that leads to the formation of CH{sub 3}NO{sub 2}H and the aci ion H{sub 2}CNO{sub 2}{sup -}, in support of evidence from static high-pressure and shock experiments. An intramolecular hydrogen transfer that transforms nitromethane into the aci acid form, CH{sub 2}NO{sub 2}H, accompanies this event. This is the first confirmation of chemical reactivity with bondmore » selectivity for an energetic material near the condition of fully reacted specimen. We also report the decomposition mechanism followed up to the formation of H{sub 2}O as the first stable product.« less

  19. Observations of two peculiar emission objects in the Large Magellanic Cloud

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kafatos, M.; Michalitsianos, A. G.; Allen, D. A.; Stencel, R. E.

    1983-01-01

    Ultraviolet and visual wavelength spectra were obtained of two peculiar emission objects, Henize S63 and Sanduleak's star in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Previously not observed in the near- or far-ultraviolet, both objects exhibit strong permitted and semiforbidden line emissions. Estimates based on the absolute continuum flux of the hot companion star in Hen S63 indicate that it rivals the luminosity of the carbon star primary. The emission-line profile structure in both objects does not suggest Wolf-Rayet type emission. Carbon in Sanduleak's star (LMC anonymous) is conspicuously absent, while N V, semiforbidden N IV, and semiforbidden N III dominate the UV emission-line spectrum. Nitrogen is overabundant with respect to carbon and oxygen in both objects. The large overabundance of nitrogen in Sanduleak's star suggests evidence for CNO processes material similar to that seen in Nu Car.

  20. The role of terminations and coordination atoms on the pseudocapacitance of titanium carbonitride monolayers.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Wenqiang; Cheng, Chuan; Fang, Peilin; Tang, Bin; Zhang, Jindou; Huang, Guoming; Cong, Xin; Zhang, Bao; Ji, Xiao; Miao, Ling

    2016-02-14

    Nowadays, MXenes have received extensive concern as a prominent electrode material of electrochemical capacitors. As two important factors to the capacitance, the influence of the intrinsical terminations (F, O and OH) and coordination atoms (C and N) is investigated using first-principles calculations. According to the density of states aligned with the standard hydrogen electrode, it turns out that a Ti3CNO2 monolayer is proven to show an obvious pseudocapacitive behavior, while the bare, F and OH terminated Ti3CN monolayers may only present electrochemical double layer characters in an aqueous electrolyte. Moreover, the illustration of molecular orbitals over the Fermi level are mainly contributed by the d-orbitals of Ti atoms coordinated with O and N atoms, indicating that the redox pseudocapacitance of the Ti3CNO2 monolayer is promoted by the coordination N atoms. Then the superiority of N bonded Ti atoms in accepting charges can be visualized through the charge population. Further, the larger ratio of C/N in the coordination environment of Ti atoms indicates that more electrons can be stored. Our investigation can give an instructional advice in the MXenes-electrode production.

  1. VizieR Online Data Catalog: C and O isotopic ratios in Arcturus and Aldebaran (Abia+ 2012)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Abia, C.; Palmerini, S.; Busso, M.; Cristallo, S.

    2012-10-01

    CNO abundances, C and O isotopic ratios and equivalent diffusive coefficients (D) are given for the calculated extra-mixing models. For Arcturus we used the electronic version of the Infrared Atlas Spectrum by Hinkle et al. (1995, Cat. J/PASP/107/1042; resolution 0.01cm-1), and for Aldebaran we used a spectrum obtained on February 6, 1980 at the KPNO 4m Coude telescope using a Fourier transform spectrometer, kindly provided by K. Hinkle (resolution 0.016cm-1) The first 2 rows of table4 report the CNO abundances and isotopic ratios resulting from the observations. The other rows give the CNO abundances and isotopic ratios accounted for by the FDU in the three stellar models considered of 1.3Mo, 1.2Mo and 1.08Mo (see the paper for more details). (1 data file).

  2. Relationships for the impact sensitivities of energetic C-nitro compounds based on bond dissociation energy.

    PubMed

    Li, Jinshan

    2010-02-18

    The ZPE-corrected C-NO(2) bond dissociation energies (BDEs(ZPE)) of a series of model C-nitro compounds and 26 energetic C-nitro compounds have been calculated using density functional theory methods. Computed results show that for C-nitro compounds the UB3LYP calculated BDE(ZPE) is less than the UB3P86 using the 6-31G** basis set, and the UB3P86 BDE(ZPE) changes slightly with the basis set varying from 6-31G** to 6-31++G**. For the series of model C-nitro compounds with different chemical skeletons, it is drawn from NBO analysis that the order of BDE(ZPE) is not only in line with that of the NAO bond order but also with that of the energy gap between C-NO(2) bonding and antibonding orbitals. It is found that for the energetic C-nitro compounds whose drop energies (Es(dr)) are below 24.5 J a good linear correlation exists between E(dr) and BDE(ZPE), implying that these compounds ignite through the C-NO(2) dissociation mechanism. After excluding the so-called trinitrotoluene mechanism compounds, a polynomial correlation of ln(E(dr)) with the BDE(ZPE) calculated at density functional theory levels has been established successfully for the 18 C-NO(2) dissociation energetic C-nitro compounds.

  3. An analysis of England's nursing policy on compassion and the 6Cs: the hidden presence of M. Simone Roach's model of caring.

    PubMed

    Bradshaw, Ann

    2016-03-01

    In 2012, chief nursing officers (CNO) in England published a policy on compassion in response to serious criticisms of patients' care. Because their objective is fundamentally to shape nursing, this study argues, following Popper, that the policy should be analysed. An appraisal tool, developed from Popper, Gadamer, Jauss and Thiselton, is the framework for this analysis. The CNO policy document identified six values and behaviours, termed '6Cs', required by all nurses, midwives and care staff. The document contains no data, references or acknowledgements, but is similar to the 6Cs defined by the Canadian nursing nun, Sister M. Simone Roach, in her theory of caring published 30 years earlier. Roach considered caring and the components of it, including compassion, to be moral virtues, an inner motivation to care. This study suggests that without explicit reference to Roach's ideas, and her underlying theoretical base, the CNO requirement has the effect of turning virtues into commodities and a form of external control, described by Ritzer as a McDonaldized dehumanization. This study, which has international relevance beyond England and the UK, suggests that the CNO revise their policy by acknowledging Roach's 6Cs and openly discuss the implications of her work for their policy. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  4. The influence of the C+N+O abundances on the determination of the relative ages of globular clusters: the case of NGC1851 and NGC6121 (M4)†

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    D'Antona, F.; Stetson, P. B.; Ventura, P.; Milone, A. P.; Piotto, G.; Caloi, V.

    2009-10-01

    The colour-magnitude diagram (CMD) of NGC1851 presents two subgiant branches (SGBs), probably due to the presence of two populations differing in total C+N+O (carbon+nitrogen+oxygen) content. We test the idea that a difference in total C+N+O may simulate an age difference when comparing the CMD of clusters to derive relative ages. We compare NGC1851 with NGC6121 (M4), a cluster of very similar [Fe/H]. We find that, with a suitable shift of the CMDs that brings the two red horizontal branches at the same magnitude level, the unevolved main sequence and red giant branch match, but the SGB of NGC6121 and its red giant branch `bump' are fainter than in NGC1851. In particular, the SGB of NGC6121 is even slightly fainter than the faint SGB in NGC1851. Both these features can be explained if the total C+N+O in NGC6121 is larger than that in NGC1851, even if the two clusters are coeval. We conclude by warning that different initial C+N+O abundances between two clusters, otherwise similar in metallicity and age, may lead to differences in the turnoff morphology that can be easily attributed to an age difference. Based in part on observations made with the European Southern Observatory (ESO) telescopes obtained from the ESO/ST-ECF Science Archive Facility. This paper makes use of data obtained from the Isaac Newton Group Archive which is maintained as part of the CASU Astronomical Data Centre at the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge. ‡ E-mail: dantona@oa-roma.inaf.it (FD); peter.stetson@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca (PBS); ventura@oa-roma.inaf.it (PV); antonino.milone@unipd.it (APM); giampaolo.piotto@unipd.it (GP); vittoria.caloi@iasf-roma.inaf.it (VC)

  5. Kisspeptin neurones in the posterodorsal medial amygdala modulate sexual partner preference and anxiety in male mice.

    PubMed

    Adekunbi, D A; Li, X F; Lass, G; Shetty, K; Adegoke, O A; Yeo, S H; Colledge, W H; Lightman, S L; O'Byrne, K T

    2018-03-01

    The posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD) is a neural site in the limbic brain involved in regulating emotional and sexual behaviours. There is, however, limited information available on the specific neuronal cell type in the MePD functionally mediating these behaviours in rodents. The recent discovery of a significant kisspeptin neurone population in the MePD has raised interest in the possible role of kisspeptin and its cognate receptor in sexual behaviour. The present study therefore tested the hypothesis that the MePD kisspeptin neurone population is involved in regulating attraction towards opposite sex conspecifics, sexual behaviour, social interaction and the anxiety response by selectively stimulating these neurones using the novel pharmacosynthetic DREADDs (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) technique. Adult male Kiss-Cre mice received bilateral stereotaxic injections of a stimulatory DREADD viral construct (AAV-hSyn-DIO-hM 3 D(Gq)-mCherry) targeted to the MePD, with subsequent activation by i.p. injection of clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). Socio-sexual behaviours were assessed in a counter-balanced fashion after i.p. injection of either saline or CNO (5 mg kg -1 ). Selective activation of MePD kisspeptin neurones by CNO significantly increased the time spent by male mice in investigating an oestrous female, as well as the duration of social interaction. Additionally, after CNO injection, the mice appeared less anxious, as indicated by a longer exploratory time in the open arms of the elevated plus maze. However, levels of copulatory behaviour were comparable between CNO and saline-treated controls. These data indicate that DREADD-induced activation of MePD kisspeptin neurones enhances both sexual partner preference in males and social interaction and also decreases anxiety, suggesting a key role played by MePD kisspeptin in sexual motivation and social behaviour. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Neuroendocrinology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Society for Neuroendocrinology.

  6. Physical Conditions of Eta Car Complex Environment Revealed From Photoionization Modeling

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Verner, E. M.; Bruhweiler, F.; Nielsen, K. E.; Gull, T.; Kober, G. Vieira; Corcoran, M.

    2006-01-01

    The very massive star, Eta Carinae, is enshrouded in an unusual complex environment of nebulosities and structures. The circumstellar gas gives rise to distinct absorption and emission components at different velocities and distances from the central source(s). Through photoionization modeling, we find that the radiation field from the more massive B-star companion supports the low ionization structure throughout the 5.54 year period. The radiation field of an evolved O-star is required to produce the higher ionization . emission seen across the broad maximum. Our studies utilize the HST/STIS data and model calculations of various regimes from doubly ionized species (T= 10,000K) to the low temperature (T = 760 K) conditions conductive to molecule formation (CH and OH). Overall analysis suggests the high depletion in C and O and the enrichment in He and N. The sharp molecular and ionic absorptions in this extensively CNO - processed material offers a unique environment for studying the chemistry, dust formation processes, and nucleosynthesis in the ejected layers of a highly evolved massive star.

  7. Geomagnetically trapped carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen nuclei.

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mogro-Campero, A.

    1972-01-01

    Results of measurements carried out with the University of Chicago nuclear composition telescope on the Ogo 5 satellite, establishing the presence of 13- to 33-MeV/nucleon geomagnetically trapped C and O nuclei, with some evidence for N nuclei. These trapped nuclei were found at L less than or equal to 5 and near the geomagnetic equator. The data cover the period from Mar. 3, 1968, to Dec. 31, 1969. The distribution of CNO flux as a function of L is given. No change in the intensity of the average trapped CNO flux was detected by comparing data for 1968 and 1969. The results reported set a new value for the observed high energy limit of trapping as described by the critical adiabaticity parameter. The penetration of solar flare CNO up to L = 4 was observed twice in 1968, in disagreement with Stormer theory predictions. The effects of these results on some models for the origin of the trapped radiation are discussed.

  8. Mini-LENS: developing a charged-current approach to measuring CNO and pp solar neutrinos

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vogelaar, R. Bruce

    2014-03-01

    The Low-Energy Neutrino Spectroscopy (LENS) experiment is based on neutrino detection via a charged-current interaction with 115In and offers the ability to cleanly observe both pp and CNO neutrinos. In contrast, elastic-scattering detectors, such as Borexino and SNO + suffer from virtually inseparable backgrounds. Thus, LENS might be uniquely positioned to resolve the solar metallicity question via measurement of the CNO neutrino flux, as well as test the predicted equivalence of solar luminosity as measured by photons versus neutrinos The mini-LENS program is testing the performance of the optically-segmented 3D lattice geometry unique to LENS. This first-of-a-kind lattice design is also suited for a range of other applications where high segmentation and large light collection are required (eg: sterile neutrinos with sources, double beta decay, and surface detection of reactor neutrinos). The current status and recent design changes of miniLENS at KURF will be presented. funded by NSF: 1001394.

  9. Chemical–genetic attenuation of focal neocortical seizures

    PubMed Central

    Kätzel, Dennis; Nicholson, Elizabeth; Schorge, Stephanie; Walker, Matthew C.; Kullmann, Dimitri M.

    2014-01-01

    Focal epilepsy is commonly pharmacoresistant, and resective surgery is often contraindicated by proximity to eloquent cortex. Many patients have no effective treatment options. Gene therapy allows cell-type specific inhibition of neuronal excitability, but on-demand seizure suppression has only been achieved with optogenetics, which requires invasive light delivery. Here we test a combined chemical–genetic approach to achieve localized suppression of neuronal excitability in a seizure focus, using viral expression of the modified muscarinic receptor hM4Di. hM4Di has no effect in the absence of its selective, normally inactive and orally bioavailable agonist clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). Systemic administration of CNO suppresses focal seizures evoked by two different chemoconvulsants, pilocarpine and picrotoxin. CNO also has a robust anti-seizure effect in a chronic model of focal neocortical epilepsy. Chemical–genetic seizure attenuation holds promise as a novel approach to treat intractable focal epilepsy while minimizing disruption of normal circuit function in untransduced brain regions or in the absence of the specific ligand. PMID:24866701

  10. The evolution of CNO isotopes: a new window on cosmic star formation history and the stellar IMF in the age of ALMA

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Romano, D.; Matteucci, F.; Zhang, Z.-Y.; Papadopoulos, P. P.; Ivison, R. J.

    2017-09-01

    We use state-of-the-art chemical models to track the cosmic evolution of the CNO isotopes in the interstellar medium of galaxies, yielding powerful constraints on their stellar initial mass function (IMF). We re-assess the relative roles of massive stars, asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and novae in the production of rare isotopes such as 13C, 15N, 17O and 18O, along with 12C, 14N and 16O. The CNO isotope yields of super-AGB stars, novae and fast-rotating massive stars are included. Having reproduced the available isotope enrichment data in the solar neighbourhood, and across the Galaxy, and having assessed the sensitivity of our models to the remaining uncertainties, e.g. nova yields and star formation history, we show that we can meaningfully constrain the stellar IMF in galaxies using C, O and N isotope abundance ratios. In starburst galaxies, where data for multiple isotopologue lines are available, we find compelling new evidence for a top-heavy stellar IMF, with profound implications for their star formation rates and efficiencies, perhaps also their stellar masses. Neither chemical fractionation nor selective photodissociation can significantly perturb globally averaged isotopologue abundance ratios away from the corresponding isotope ones, as both these processes will typically affect only small mass fractions of molecular clouds in galaxies. Thus, the Atacama Large Millimeter Array now stands ready to probe the stellar IMF, and even the ages of specific starburst events in star-forming galaxies across cosmic time unaffected by the dust obscuration effects that plague optical/near-infrared studies.

  11. CNO isotopes in red giant stars

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wannier, P. G.

    1985-01-01

    The production and distribution of the CNO nuclides is discussed in light of observed abundance ratios in red giants and in the interstellar medium. Isotope abundances have been measured in the atmospheres and in the recent ejecta of cool giants, including carbon stars, S-type stars and red supergiants as well as in oxygen-rich giants making their first ascent of the giant branch. Several of the observations suggest revision of currently accepted nuclear cross-sections and of the mixing processes operating in giant envelopes. By comparing red giant abundances with high-quality observations of the interstellar medium, conclusions are reached about the contribution of intermediate-mass stars to galactic nuclear evolution. The three oxygen isotopes, O-16, -17 and -18, are particularly valuable for such comparison because they reflect three different stages of stellar nucleosynthesis. One remarkable result comes from observations of O-17/O-18 in several classes of red giant stars. The observed range of values for red giants excludes the entire range of values seen in interstellar molecular clouds. Furthermore, both the observations of stars and interstellar clouds exclude the isotopic ratio found in the solar system.

  12. STANDARD BIG BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS UP TO CNO WITH AN IMPROVED EXTENDED NUCLEAR NETWORK

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Coc, Alain; Goriely, Stephane; Xu, Yi

    Primordial or big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) is one of the three strong pieces of evidence for the big bang model together with the expansion of the universe and cosmic microwave background radiation. In this study, we improve the standard BBN calculations taking into account new nuclear physics analyses and enlarge the nuclear network up to sodium. This is, in particular, important to evaluate the primitive value of CNO mass fraction that could affect Population III stellar evolution. For the first time we list the complete network of more than 400 reactions with references to the origin of the rates, includingmore » Almost-Equal-To 270 reaction rates calculated using the TALYS code. Together with the cosmological light elements, we calculate the primordial beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen nuclei. We performed a sensitivity study to identify the important reactions for CNO, {sup 9}Be, and boron nucleosynthesis. We re-evaluated those important reaction rates using experimental data and/or theoretical evaluations. The results are compared with precedent calculations: a primordial beryllium abundance increase by a factor of four compared to its previous evaluation, but we note a stability for B/H and for the CNO/H abundance ratio that remains close to its previous value of 0.7 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -15}. On the other hand, the extension of the nuclear network has not changed the {sup 7}Li value, so its abundance is still 3-4 times greater than its observed spectroscopic value.« less

  13. Cycling the hot CNO: a teaching methodology

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Frost-Schenk, J. W.; Diget, C. Aa; Bentley, M. A.; Tuff, A.

    2018-03-01

    An interactive activity to teach the hot Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen (HCNO) cycle is proposed. Justification for why the HCNO cycle is important is included via an example of x-ray bursts. The activity allows teaching and demonstration of half-life, nuclear isotopes, nuclear reactions, protons and α-particles, and catalytic processes. Whilst the process example is specific to astrophysics it may be used to teach more broadly about catalytic processes. This practical is designed for use with 10-20 participants, with the intention that the exercise will convey nuclear physics principles in a fun and interactive manner.

  14. Chief nursing officer turnover: chief nursing officers and healthcare recruiters tell their stories.

    PubMed

    Havens, Donna Sullivan; Thompson, Pamela A; Jones, Cheryl B

    2008-12-01

    Chief nursing officers (CNOs) develop environments in which quality patient care is delivered and nurses enjoy professional practice. Because of the growing turbulence in this vital role, the American Organization of Nurse Executives conducted a study to examine CNO turnover as described in interviews with CNOs and healthcare recruiters to inform the development of strategies to improve CNO recruitment and retention and ease transition for those who turn over. The authors present the findings from this research and describe American Organization of Nurse Executives' initiatives to address the identified needs.

  15. An Investigation Into the Navy Public Works Centers Specific Work Service Processing Problems.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-12-01

    demonstrated. These computations are from Navy Area Audit Service reports or PWC and NAVFACENGCOM reports. Number One-time Annual Personnel 3,553...study, all of the endorsements, and a Navy Audit Service audit of the cost analysis, the CNO makes the final consolidation decision. With a decision to...organizations to which local activities turn for environmental issue assistance such as noise, water and air polution , airfield encroachment, local

  16. X-ray, UV and optical analysis of supergiants: ɛ Ori

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Puebla, Raul E.; Hillier, D. John; Zsargó, Janos; Cohen, David H.; Leutenegger, Maurice A.

    2016-03-01

    We present a multi-wavelength (X-ray to optical) analysis, based on non-local thermodynamic equilibrium photospheric+wind models, of the B0 Ia-supergiant: ɛ Ori. The aim is to test the consistency of physical parameters, such as the mass-loss rate and CNO abundances, derived from different spectral bands. The derived mass-loss rate is {dot {M}} / {√{f_{∞}}} {˜} 1.6 × 10-6 M⊙ yr-1 where f∞ is the volume filling factor. However, the S IV λλ1062,1073 profiles are too strong in the models; to fit the observed profiles it is necessary to use f∞ <0.01. This value is a factor of 5 to 10 lower than inferred from other diagnostics, and implies {dot{M}} ≲ 1 × 10^{-7} M⊙ yr-1. The discrepancy could be related to porosity-vorosity effects or a problem with the ionization of sulphur in the wind. To fit the UV profiles of N V and O VI it was necessary to include emission from an interclump medium with a density contrast (ρcl/ρICM) of ˜100. X-ray emission in H/He like and Fe L lines was modelled using four plasma components located within the wind. We derive plasma temperatures from 1 × 106 to 7 × 106 K, with lower temperatures starting in the outer regions (R0 ˜ 3-6 R*), and a hot component starting closer to the star (R0 ≲ 2.9 R*). From X-ray line profiles we infer {dot{M}} < 4.9 × 10-7 M⊙ yr-1. The X-ray spectrum (≥0.1 kev) yields an X-ray luminosity LX ˜ 2.0 × 10-7Lbol, consistent with the superion line profiles. X-ray abundances are in agreement with those derived from the UV and optical analysis: ɛ Ori is slightly enhanced in nitrogen and depleted in carbon and oxygen, evidence for CNO processed material.

  17. Refined scenario of standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis allowing for nonthermal nuclear reactions in the primordial plasma

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Voronchev, Victor T.; Nakao, Yasuyuki; Nakamura, Makoto

    The standard scenario of big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) is generalized to take into account nonthermal nuclear reactions in the primordial plasma. These reactions are naturally triggered in the BBN epoch by fast particles generated in various exoergic processes. It is found that, although such particles can appreciably enhance the rates of some individual reactions, their influence on the whole process of element production is not significant. The nonthermal corrections to element abundances are obtained to be 0.1% ({sup 3}H), -0.03% ({sup 7}Li), and 0.34 %-0.63% (CNO group).

  18. Characterization of biogenic elements in interplanetary dust particles

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bunch, T. E.

    1986-01-01

    Those particles that were designated cometary are aggregates of amorphous materials including carbon, iron-magnesium silicates, sulfides, metal and trace amounts of unusual phases. Most aggregates are carbon-rich with major and minor element abundances similar to a fine grained matrix of carbonaceous chondrites. Several particles were analyzed by a laser microprobe. The negative ionic species identified to date include carbon clusters, protonated carbon clusters, CN-, HCN-, CNO-, PO2-, PO3-, S-, S2- asnd OH-. These species are similar to those observed in cometary spectra and they support the assumption that organic materials are present. The occurance of phosphate ions suggests the presence of apatite or whitlockite. Cometary particle characteristics may indicate that the component grains represent primitive unaltered dust whose overall properties are extremely similar to altered primitive dust in carbonaceous chondrites.

  19. Three-phase bone scintigraphy for diagnosis of Charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy in the diabetic foot - does quantitative data improve diagnostic value?

    PubMed

    Fosbøl, M; Reving, S; Petersen, E H; Rossing, P; Lajer, M; Zerahn, B

    2017-01-01

    To investigate whether inclusion of quantitative data on blood flow distribution compared with visual qualitative evaluation improve the reliability and diagnostic performance of 99 m Tc-hydroxymethylene diphosphate three-phase bone scintigraphy (TPBS) in patients suspected for charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy (CNO) of the foot. A retrospective cohort study of TPBS performed on 148 patients with suspected acute CNO referred from a single specialized diabetes care centre. The quantitative blood flow distribution was calculated based on the method described by Deutsch et al. All scintigraphies were re-evaluated by independent, blinded observers twice with and without quantitative data on blood flow distribution at ankle and focus level, respectively. The diagnostic validity of TPBS was determined by subsequent review of clinical data and radiological examinations. A total of 90 patients (61%) had confirmed diagnosis of CNO. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of three-phase bone scintigraphy without/with quantitative data were 89%/88%, 58%/62% and 77%/78%, respectively. The intra-observer agreement improved significantly by adding quantitative data in the evaluation (Kappa value 0·79/0·94). The interobserver agreement was not significantly improved. Adding quantitative data on blood flow distribution in the interpretation of TBPS improves intra-observer variation, whereas no difference in interobserver variation was observed. The sensitivity of TPBS in the diagnosis of CNO is high, but holds limited specificity. Diagnostic performance does not improve using quantitative data in the evaluation. This may be due to the reference intervals applied in the study or the absence of a proper gold standard diagnostic procedure for comparison. © 2015 Scandinavian Society of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  20. Chemogenetic manipulation of ventral pallidal neurons impairs acquisition of sign-tracking in rats.

    PubMed

    Chang, Stephen E; Todd, Travis P; Bucci, David J; Smith, Kyle S

    2015-12-01

    Cues associated with rewarding events acquire value themselves as a result of the incentive value of the reward being transferred to the cue. Consequently, presentation of a reward-paired cue can trigger reward-seeking behaviours towards the cue itself (i.e. sign-tracking). The ventral pallidum (VP) has been demonstrated to be involved in a number of motivated behaviours, both conditioned and unconditioned. However, its contribution to the acquisition of incentive value is unknown. Using a discriminative autoshaping procedure with levers, the effects of disrupting VP activity in rats on the emergence of sign-tracking was investigated using chemogenetics, i.e. Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs). Transient disruption of VP neurons [activation of the inhibitory hM4D(Gi) DREADD through systemic injections of clozapine N-oxide (CNO) prior to each autoshaping session] impaired acquisition of sign-tracking (lever press rate) without having any effect on approach to the site of reward delivery (i.e. goal-tracking) or on the expression of sign-tracking after it was acquired. In addition, electrophysiological recordings were conducted in freely behaving rats following VP DREADD activation. The majority of VP units that were responsive to CNO injections exhibited rapid inhibition relative to baseline, a subset of CNO-responsive units showed delayed excitation, and a smaller subset displayed a mixed response of inhibition and excitation following CNO injections. It is argued that disruption of VP during autoshaping specifically disrupted the transfer of incentive value that was attributed to the lever cue, suggesting a surprisingly fundamental role for the VP in acquiring, compared with expressing, Pavlovian incentive values. © 2015 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  1. Variations of the relative abundances of He, (C,N,O) and Fe-group nuclei in solar cosmic rays and their relationship to solar particle acceleration

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bertsch, D. L.; Biswas, S.; Fichtel, C. E.; Pellerin, C. J.; Reames, D. V.

    1973-01-01

    Measurements of the flux of helium nuclei in the 24 January 1971 event and of helium and (C,N,O) nuclei in the 1 September 1971 event are combined with previous measurements to obtain the relative abundances of helium, (C,N,O), and Fe-group nuclei in these events. These data are then summarized together with previously reported results to show that, even when the same detector system using a dE/dx plus range technique is used, differences in the He/(C,N,O) value in the same energy/nucleon interval are observed in solar cosmic ray events. Further, when the He/(C,N,O) value is lower the He/(Fe-group nuclei) value is also systematically lower in these large events. When solar particle acceleration theory is analyzed, it is seen that the results suggest that, for large events, Coulomb energy loss probably does not play a major role in determining solar particle composition at higher energies (10 MeV). The variations in multicharged nuclei composition are more likely due to partial ionization during the acceleration phase.

  2. CNO neutrino Grand Prix: the race to solve the solar metallicity problem

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cerdeño, David G.; Davis, Jonathan H.; Fairbairn, Malcolm; Vincent, Aaron C.

    2018-04-01

    Several next-generation experiments aim to make the first measurement of the neutrino flux from the Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen (CNO) solar fusion cycle. We calculate how much time these experiments will need to run for in order to measure this flux with enough precision to tell us the metal content of the Sun's core, and thereby help to solve the solar metallicity problem. For experiments looking at neutrino-electron scattering, we find that SNO+ will measure this CNO neutrino flux with enough precision after five years in its pure scintillator mode, provided its 210Bi background is measured to 1% accuracy. By comparison, a 100 ton liquid argon experiment such as Argo will take ten years in Gran Sasso lab, or five years in SNOLAB or Jinping. Borexino could obtain this precision in ten years, but this projection is very sensitive to background assumptions. For experiments looking at neutrino-nucleus scattering, the best prospects are obtained for low-threshold solid state detectors (employing either germanium or silicon). These would require new technologies to lower the experimental threshold close to detection of single electron-hole pairs, and exposures beyond those projected for next-generation dark matter detectors.

  3. Non-triglyceride components modulate the fat crystal network of palm kernel oil and coconut oil.

    PubMed

    Chai, Xiuhang; Meng, Zong; Jiang, Jiang; Cao, Peirang; Liang, Xinyu; Piatko, Michael; Campbell, Shawn; Lo, Seong Koon; Liu, Yuanfa

    2018-03-01

    PKO and CNO are composed of 97-98% triacylglycerols and 2-3% minor non-triglyceride components (FFA, DAG and MAG). Triglycerides were separated from minor components by chromatographic method. The lipid composition, thermal properties, polymorphism, isothermal crystallization behavior, nanostructure and microstructure of PKO, PKO-TAG, CNO and CNO-TAG were evaluated. Removal of minor components had no effect on lipid composition and equilibrium solid fat contents. However, presence of minor components did increase the slip melting point and promoted the onset of crystallization from DSC crystallization profiles. The thickness of the nanoscale crystals increased with no polymorphic transformation after removing the minor components. Crystallization kinetics revealed that minor components decreased crystal growth rate with higher t 1/2 . Sharp changes in the values of the Avrami constant k and exponent n were observed for all fats around 10°C. Increases in n around 10°C indicated a change from one-dimensional to multi-dimensional growth . From the results of polarized light micrographs, the transformation from the coarser crystal structure to tiny crystal structure occurred in microstructure networks at the action of minor components. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. DNA-carbon nano onion aggregate: triangle, hexagon, six-petal flower to dead-end network

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Babar, Dipak Gorakh; Pakhira, Bholanath; Sarkar, Sabyasachi

    2017-08-01

    The interaction between calf-thymus (CT) dsDNA and water soluble carbon nano onion (wsCNO) in water follows denaturation of dsDNA (double stranded) to ssDNA (single stranded) as monitored by optical spectroscopy. The ssDNA concomitantly wraps the spiky surface of wsCNO to create triangular aggregate as the building block as observed by time-dependent SEM images. These triangles further aggregate leading to six-petal flower arrangement via hexagon and finally reach a dead end network as imaged by SEM and optical fluorescence microscopy. The dead-end network aggregate lost the intrinsic optical property of DNA suggesting complete loss of its activity.

  5. Dwarfs on a Low-Carbon Diet: Modelling the Chemically Peculiar Secondaries of CVs

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Homeier, D.; Harrison, T. E.; Barman, T. S.; Howell, S. B.

    2003-12-01

    Secondary stars of cataclysmic variables show a variety of abundance anomalies that might be caused by deposition of CNO-processed material. We have calculated PHOENIX stellar atmosphere models for late-type stellar and substellar companions using chemical equilibrium compositions for a range of carbon-depleted and/or oxygen-enriched elemental abundances. We present comparisons of our models with medium-resolution IR spectra of CV secondaries, including the possibly substellar secondary of the EF Eridani system. LTE models of the K-band spectrum are consistent with a Teff in the brown dwarf range and show that the complete lack of CH4 and CO absorption features in this object requires a [C/Fe] ratio more than 2 dex below the solar value. We compare our models to temperature estimates from light curve analyses and present a first irradiated model of the secondary, that takes into account the effect of the impinging flux from the white dwarf primary. This project has been supported by grants from the National Science Foundation and the NASA NStars program.

  6. Central Star Properties and C-N-O Abundances in Eight Galactic Planetary Nebulae from New HST/STIS Observations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Henry, Richard B. C.; Balick, Bruce; Dufour, Reginald J.; Kwitter, Karen B.; Shaw, Richard A.; Corradi, Romano

    2015-01-01

    We present detailed photoionization models of eight Galactic planetary nebulae (IC2165, IC3568, NGC2440, NGC3242, NGC5315, NGC5882, NGC7662, & PB6) based on recently obtained HST STIS spectra. Our interim goal is to infer Teff, luminosity, and current and progenitor masses for each central star, while the ultimate goal is to constrain published stellar evolution models which predict nebular CNO abundances. The models were produced by using the code CLOUDY to match closely the measured line strengths derived from high-quality HST STIS spectra (see poster by Dufour et al., this session) extending in wavelength from 1150-10270 Angstroms. The models assumed a blackbody SED. Variable input parameters included Teff, a radially constant nebular density, a filling factor, and elemental abundances. For the eight PNs we found a birth mass range of 1.5-2.9 Msun, a range in log(L/Lsun) of 3.10-3.88, and a Teff range of 51-150k K. Finally, we compare CNO abundances of the eight successful models with PN abundances of these same elements that are predicted by published stellar evolution models. We gratefully acknowledge generous support from NASA through grants related to the Cycle 19 program GO12600.

  7. [Proposals for social class classification based on the Spanish National Classification of Occupations 2011 using neo-Weberian and neo-Marxist approaches].

    PubMed

    Domingo-Salvany, Antònia; Bacigalupe, Amaia; Carrasco, José Miguel; Espelt, Albert; Ferrando, Josep; Borrell, Carme

    2013-01-01

    In Spain, the new National Classification of Occupations (Clasificación Nacional de Ocupaciones [CNO-2011]) is substantially different to the 1994 edition, and requires adaptation of occupational social classes for use in studies of health inequalities. This article presents two proposals to measure social class: the new classification of occupational social class (CSO-SEE12), based on the CNO-2011 and a neo-Weberian perspective, and a social class classification based on a neo-Marxist approach. The CSO-SEE12 is the result of a detailed review of the CNO-2011 codes. In contrast, the neo-Marxist classification is derived from variables related to capital and organizational and skill assets. The proposed CSO-SEE12 consists of seven classes that can be grouped into a smaller number of categories according to study needs. The neo-Marxist classification consists of 12 categories in which home owners are divided into three categories based on capital goods and employed persons are grouped into nine categories composed of organizational and skill assets. These proposals are complemented by a proposed classification of educational level that integrates the various curricula in Spain and provides correspondences with the International Standard Classification of Education. Copyright © 2012 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

  8. Pharmacogenetic excitation of dorsomedial prefrontal cortex restores fear prediction error.

    PubMed

    Yau, Joanna Oi-Yue; McNally, Gavan P

    2015-01-07

    Pavlovian conditioning involves encoding the predictive relationship between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus, so that synaptic plasticity and learning is instructed by prediction error. Here we used pharmacogenetic techniques to show a causal relation between activity of rat dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) neurons and fear prediction error. We expressed the excitatory hM3Dq designer receptor exclusively activated by a designer drug (DREADD) in dmPFC and isolated actions of prediction error by using an associative blocking design. Rats were trained to fear the visual CS (CSA) in stage I via pairings with footshock. Then in stage II, rats received compound presentations of visual CSA and auditory CS (CSB) with footshock. This prior fear conditioning of CSA reduced the prediction error during stage II to block fear learning to CSB. The group of rats that received AAV-hSYN-eYFP vector that was treated with clozapine-N-oxide (CNO; 3 mg/kg, i.p.) before stage II showed blocking when tested in the absence of CNO the next day. In contrast, the groups that received AAV-hSYN-hM3Dq and AAV-CaMKIIα-hM3Dq that were treated with CNO before stage II training did not show blocking; learning toward CSB was restored. This restoration of prediction error and fear learning was specific to the injection of CNO because groups that received AAV-hSYN-hM3Dq and AAV-CaMKIIα-hM3Dq that were injected with vehicle before stage II training did show blocking. These effects were not attributable to the DREADD manipulation enhancing learning or arousal, increasing fear memory strength or asymptotic levels of fear learning, or altering fear memory retrieval. Together, these results identify a causal role for dmPFC in a signature of adaptive behavior: using the past to predict future danger and learning from errors in these predictions. Copyright © 2015 the authors 0270-6474/15/350074-10$15.00/0.

  9. On Using the Color-Magnitude Diagram Morphology of M67 to Test Solar Abundances

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Magic, Z.; Serenelli, A.; Weiss, A.; Chaboyer, B.

    2010-08-01

    The open cluster M67 has solar metallicity and an age of about 4 Gyr. The turnoff (TO) mass is close to the minimum mass for which solar metallicity stars develop a convective core during main sequence evolution as a result of the development of hydrogen burning through the CNO cycle. The morphology of the color-magnitude diagram (CMD) of M67 around the TO shows a clear hook-like feature, a direct sign that stars close to the TO have convective cores. VandenBerg et al. investigated the possibility of using the morphology of the M67 TO to put constraints on the solar metallicity, particularly CNO elements, for which solar abundances have been revised downward by more than 30% over the last few years. Here, we extend their work, filling the gaps in their analysis. To this aim, we compute isochrones appropriate for M67 using new (low metallicity) and old (high metallicity) solar abundances and study whether the characteristic TO in the CMD of M67 can be reproduced or not. We also study the importance of other constitutive physics on determining the presence of such a hook, particularly element diffusion, overshooting and nuclear reaction rates. We find that using the new solar abundance determinations, with low CNO abundances, makes it more difficult to reproduce the characteristic CMD of M67. This result is in agreement with results by VandenBerg et al. However, changes in the constitutive physics of the models, particularly overshooting, can influence and alter this result to the extent that isochrones constructed with models using low CNO solar abundances can also reproduce the TO morphology in M67. We conclude that only if all factors affecting the TO morphology are completely under control (and this is not the case), M67 could be used to put constraints on solar abundances.

  10. Constraints on CEMP-no progenitors from nuclear astrophysics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Choplin, Arthur; Maeder, André; Meynet, Georges; Chiappini, Cristina

    2016-09-01

    Context. The CEMP-no stars are long-lived small mass stars presenting a very low iron content and overabundances of carbon with no sign or only very weak signs of s- or r-elements. Although the origin of this abundance pattern is still a matter of debate, it was very likely inherited from a previous massive star, which we call the source star. Aims: We rely on a recent classification of CEMP-no stars arguing that some of them are made of a material processed by hydrogen burning that was enriched in products of helium burning during the nuclear life of the source star. We examine the possibility of forming CEMP-no stars with this material. Methods: We study the nucleosynthesis of the CNO cycle and the Ne-Na Mg-Al chains in a hydrogen burning single zone while injecting the helium burning products 12C, 16O, 22Ne, and 26Mg. We investigate the impact of changing density, temperature and the injection rate. The nuclear reaction rates involving the creation and destruction of 27Al are also examined. Results: 14N, 23Na, 24Mg, and 27Al are formed when injecting 12C, 16O, 22Ne, and 26Mg in the hydrogen burning zone. The 12C/13C ratio is constant under various conditions in the hydrogen burning zone. The predicted [Al/Fe] ratio varies up to ~ 2 dex depending on the prescription used for the reaction rates involving 27Al. Conclusions: The experiments we carried out support the view that some CEMP-no stars are made of a material processed by hydrogen burning that comes from a massive star experiencing mild to strong rotational mixing. During its burning, this material was likely enriched in helium burning products. No material coming from the carbon-oxygen rich core of the source star should be added to form the daughter star, otherwise the 12C/13C ratio would be largely above the observed range of values.

  11. Preparation of Supported Palladium Catalysts using Deep Eutectic Solvents.

    PubMed

    Iwanow, Melanie; Finkelmeyer, Jasmin; Söldner, Anika; Kaiser, Manuela; Gärtner, Tobias; Sieber, Volker; König, Burkhard

    2017-09-12

    Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) dissolve metal salts or oxides and are used as solvent and carbon source for the preparation of supported palladium catalysts. After dissolving of the palladium salt in the DES, the pyrolysis of the mixture under nitrogen atmosphere yields catalytically active palladium on supporting material composed of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen (CNO) by a simple single step preparation method without further activation. The catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and CHNS/O elementary analysis. The amount of functional groups on the surface of the supporting material was determined by Boehm titrations. Moreover, the activity of the prepared catalysts was evaluated in the hydrogenation of linear alkenes and compared with a commercial Pd/C catalyst. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  12. The board's role in organizational finance.

    PubMed

    Curran, Connie R

    2010-01-01

    Health care reform will result in significant changes in reimbursement with much greater emphasis put on primary care, home care, and other types of non-acute care. The changes in reimbursement will necessitate significant changes in organizational structure and operations. It is essential board members keep current in their knowledge of health care finance so they can execute their responsibilities for the financial health of the organization. The board must ensure that the budget is aligned with the organization's financial objectives and monitor the financial performance. It is essential the chief nursing officer (CNO) contributes to the board's understanding of the financial health of the organization. The board of trustees will more effectively execute their financial responsibilities with the input of nurse trustees and the CNO.

  13. Mixing in classical novae: a 2-D sensitivity study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Casanova, J.; José, J.; García-Berro, E.; Calder, A.; Shore, S. N.

    2011-03-01

    Context. Classical novae are explosive phenomena that take place in stellar binary systems. They are powered by mass transfer from a low-mass, main sequence star onto a white dwarf. The material piles up under degenerate conditions and a thermonuclear runaway ensues. The energy released by the suite of nuclear processes operating at the envelope heats the material up to peak temperatures of ~(1-4) × 108 K. During these events, about 10-4-10-5M⊙, enriched in CNO and other intermediate-mass elements, are ejected into the interstellar medium. To account for the gross observational properties of classical novae (in particular, a metallicity enhancement in the ejecta above solar values), numerical models assume mixing between the (solar-like) material transferred from the companion and the outermost layers (CO- or ONe-rich) of the underlying white dwarf. Aims: The nature of the mixing mechanism that operates at the core-envelope interface has puzzled stellar modelers for about 40 years. Here we investigate the role of Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities as a natural mechanism for self-enrichment of the accreted envelope with core material. Methods: The feasibility of this mechanism is studied by means of the multidimensional code FLASH. Here, we present a series of 9 numerical simulations perfomed in two dimensions aimed at testing the possible influence of the initial perturbation (duration, strength, location, and size), the resolution adopted, or the size of the computational domain on the results. Results: We show that results do not depend substantially on the specific choice of these parameters, demonstrating that Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities can naturally lead to self-enrichment of the accreted envelope with core material, at levels that agree with observations. Movie is only available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org

  14. Ejecta of Eta Carinae: What We Learn about N-Rich Chemistry

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gull, Theodore

    2006-01-01

    At least one member of the binary system, Eta Carinae, is in the late stages of CNO-cycle. At least ten solar masses of ejecta make up the Homunculus, a neutral bi-polar shell ejected in the 1840s and the Little Homunculus, an internal, ionized bi-polar shell ejected in the 1890s. HST/STIS and VLTAJVES high dispersion spectroscopy revealed absorptions of multiple elements and diatomic molecules in these shells, some, such as V II and Sr II have not been seen previously in the ISM. The skirt region between the bi-lobes includes the very bright Weigelt blobs, within 0.1 to 0.3" of the central source, and the more distant, unusual Strontium Filament, a neutral emission nebula photoexcited by Balmer continuum, but shielded by Fe II from Lyman radiation. The 600+ emission lines are due to metals usually tied up in dust, but underabundances of C and O prevent precipitation as oxides onto the dust grains. Indications are that Ti/Ni is 100X solar, likely due not to nuclear processing, but the very different photo-excitation environments coupled with N-rich, C-, O-poor chemistry. In the Homunculus, level populations of the molecules indicate 60K gas; the metal absorption lines, 760K; that of the Little Homunculus 6400K during the broad spectroscopic maximum, relaxing to 5000K for the few month long minimum. Lyman radiation, including both continuum and Lyman lines, is trapped across periastron. leading to temporary relaxation of the ejecta. These ejecta are a treasure trove of information on material thrown out of massive stars in the CNO-cycle, well before the helium burning phase. Curiously, spectra of three very recent SWIFT GRBs indicate the presence of warm, photoexcited ejecta in the vicinity of the protoGRBs, but obviously of very different abundances. However, the ejecta of Eta Carinae promise to be a nearby example of massive ejecta, the study of which should lead to increased insight of earlier, very distant massive stars.

  15. Lipidomic and Antioxidant Response to Grape Seed, Corn and Coconut Oils in Healthy Wistar Rats

    PubMed Central

    Wall-Medrano, Abraham; de la Rosa, Laura A.; Vázquez-Flores, Alma A.; Mercado-Mercado, Gilberto; González-Arellanes, Rogelio; López-Díaz, José A.; González-Córdova, Aarón F.; González-Aguilar, Gustavo A.; Vallejo-Cordoba, Belinda; Molina-Corral, Francisco J.

    2017-01-01

    Specialty oils differ in fatty acid, phytosterol and antioxidant content, impacting their benefits for cardiovascular health. The lipid (fatty acid, phytosterol) and antioxidant (total phenolics, radical scavenging capacity) profiles of grapeseed (GSO), corn (CO) and coconut (CNO) oils and their physiological (triacylglycerides, total and HDL-cholesterol and antioxidant capacity (FRAP) in serum and fatty acid and phytosterol hepatic deposition) and genomic (HL, LCAT, ApoA-1 and SR-BP1 mRNA hepatic levels) responses after their sub-chronic intake (10% diet for 28 days) was examined in healthy albino rats. Fatty acid, phytosterol and antioxidant profiles differed between oils (p ≤ 0.01). Serum and hepatic triacylglycerides and total cholesterol increased (p ≤ 0.01); serum HDL-Cholesterol decreased (p < 0.05); but serum FRAP did not differ (p > 0.05) in CNO-fed rats as compared to CO or GSO groups. Hepatic phytosterol deposition was higher (+2.2 mg/g; p ≤ 0.001) in CO- than GSO-fed rats, but their fatty acid deposition was similar. All but ApoA-1 mRNA level increased in GSO-fed rats as compared to other groups (p ≤ 0.01). Hepatic fatty acid handling, but not antioxidant response, nor hepatic phytosterol deposition, could be related to a more efficient reverse-cholesterol transport in GSO-fed rats as compared to CO or CNO. PMID:28117688

  16. Elective neck management for high-grade salivary gland carcinoma.

    PubMed

    Herman, Michael P; Werning, John W; Morris, Christopher G; Kirwan, Jessica M; Amdur, Robert J; Mendenhall, William M

    2013-01-01

    To determine whether patients with clinically node negative (cNo) high grade salivary gland carcinomas benefit from an elective neck dissection prior to postoperative radiotherapy (RT). Between October 1964 and October 2009, 59 previously untreated patients with cNo high-grade salivary gland carcinomas (squamous cell carcinomas were excluded) were treated with curative intent using elective neck dissection (END; n=41), or elective neck irradiation (ENI; n=18) at the University of Florida College of Medicine (Gainesville, FL). All patients underwent resection of the primary cancer followed by postoperative RT. The median follow-up period was 5.2years (range, 0.3-34years). Occult metastases were found in 18 (44%) of the 41 patients in the END group. There were 4 recurrences (10%) in the END group and 0 recurrence in the ENI group. Neck control rates at 5years were: END, 90%; ENI, 100%; and overall, 93% (p=0.1879). Cause-specific survival was 94% in the ENI group, 84% in the END group, and 86% for all patients (p=0.6998). There were 3 reported grade 3 or 4 toxicities. Two patients had a postoperative fistula and one patient had a grade 4 osteoradionecrosis that required a partial mandibulectomy. Patients with cNo high grade salivary gland carcinomas who are planned to undergo surgery and postoperative RT likely do not benefit from a planned neck dissection. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Cell Activation during Male Rat Sexual Behavior Regulates Neuroplasticity and d-Amphetamine Cross-Sensitization following Sex Abstinence.

    PubMed

    Beloate, Lauren N; Omrani, Azar; Adan, Roger A; Webb, Ian C; Coolen, Lique M

    2016-09-21

    Experience with sexual behavior causes cross-sensitization of amphetamine reward, an effect dependent on a period of sexual reward abstinence. We previously showed that ΔFosB in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key mediator of this cross-sensitization, potentially via dopamine receptor activation. However, the role of mesolimbic dopamine for sexual behavior or cross-sensitization between natural and drug reward is unknown. This was tested using inhibitory designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs in ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine cells. rAAV5/hSvn-DIO-hm4D-mCherry was injected into the VTA of TH::Cre adult male rats. Males received clozapine N-oxide (CNO) or vehicle injections before each of 5 consecutive days of mating or handling. Following an abstinence period of 7 d, males were tested for amphetamine conditioned place preference (CPP). Next, males were injected with CNO or vehicle before mating or handling for analysis of mating-induced cFos, sex experience-induced ΔFosB, and reduction of VTA dopamine soma size. Results showed that CNO did not affect mating behavior. Instead, CNO prevented sexual experience-induced cross-sensitization of amphetamine CPP, ΔFosB in the NAc and medial prefrontal cortex, and decreases in VTA dopamine soma size. Expression of hm4D-mCherry was specific to VTA dopamine cells and CNO blocked excitation and mating-induced cFos expression in VTA dopamine cells. These findings provide direct evidence that VTA dopamine activation is not required for initiation or performance of sexual behavior. Instead, VTA dopamine directly contributes to increased vulnerability for drug use following loss of natural reward by causing neuroplasticity in the mesolimbic pathway during the natural reward experience. Drugs of abuse act on the neural pathways that mediate natural reward learning and memory. Exposure to natural reward behaviors can alter subsequent drug-related reward. Specifically, experience with sexual behavior, followed by a period of abstinence from sexual behavior, causes increased reward for amphetamine in male rats. This study demonstrates that activation of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons during sexual experience regulates cross-sensitization of amphetamine reward. Finally, ventral tegmental area dopamine cell activation is essential for experience-induced neural adaptations in the nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, and ventral tegmental area. These findings demonstrate a role of mesolimbic dopamine in the interaction between natural and drug rewards, and identify mesolimbic dopamine as a key mediator of changes in vulnerability for drug use after loss of natural reward. Copyright © 2016 the authors 0270-6474/16/369949-13$15.00/0.

  18. Retention of natural antioxidants of blends of groundnut and sunflower oils with minor oils during storage and frying.

    PubMed

    Sunil, L; Reddy, P Vanitha; Krishna, A G Gopala; Urooj, Asna

    2015-02-01

    Unrefined groundnut oil (GNO) and refined sunflower oil (SFO) were blended with four minor oils including laboratory refined red palmolein (RRPO), physically refined rice bran oil (RBO), unrefined sesame oil (SESO), and unrefined coconut oil (CNO) containing natural antioxidants viz., β-carotene, tocopherols, oryzanol and lignans. The five blends prepared were GNO + RRPO (80:20), GNO + RBO (80:20), GNO + SESO (80:20), SFO + RRPO (50:50) and SFO + CNO (60:40). Prepared blends contained saturated fatty acids (SFA) (16.7-53.3 %); monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (16.0-45.5 %) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (29.2-37.8 %). GNO blends viz., GNO + RRPO, GNO + RBO and GNO + SESO contained β-carotene (10.7 mg/100 g), oryzanol (0.12 g/100 g) and lignans (0.35 g/100 g) respectively as natural antioxidants. SFO was enriched with β-carotene (28.7 mg/100 g) and medium chain fatty acids (34.2 %) by blending with RRPO and CNO respectively. The oil blends (200 ml) were packed and stored at 38 °C/90 % relative humidity (RH) and 27 °C/65 % RH and samples were withdrawn at fixed intervals for analysis. Freshly prepared blends were also investigated for their frying performance. During storage, GNO + RBO blend showed highest oxidative stability probably due to the presence of oryzanol in the order GNO + RBO > GNO + SESO > GNO + RRPO. During frying, the peroxide value of GNO blends with RBO (rich in oryzanol) and SESO (rich in lignans) was less while the free fatty acid value was less in SFO blends with RRPO and CNO. Hence, blending of natural antioxidants rich minor oils (RRPO, RBO and SESO) with the major vegetable oils (GNO and SFO) may preserve them by lowering their rate of oxidation during storage and frying.

  19. CSAF V. CNO: Core Values and Their Career Ending Impact

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1998-04-01

    21 Deja - Vu .................................................................................................................. 24...Navy leadership as well. Deja - Vu The Navy experienced highs and lows like the Tailhook and Naval Academy cheating scandals during his tenure, but what

  20. 76 FR 30322 - Meeting of the Chief of Naval Operations Executive Panel

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-25

    ... Operations (CNO) Executive Panel will deliberate on the findings and proposed recommendations of the Navy Expeditionary Organizations and Capabilities Subcommittee study. The meeting will consist of discussions...

  1. The Role of Rotation in the Evolution of Massive Stars

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Heap, Sara R.; Lanz, Thierry M.

    2002-01-01

    Recent evolutionary models of massive stars predict important effects of rotation including: increasing the rate of mass-loss; lowering the effective gravity; altering the evolutionary track on the HRD; extending the main-sequence phase (both on the HR diagram and in time); and mixing of CNO-processed elements up to the stellar surface. Observations suggest that rotation is a more important factor at lower metallicities because of higher initial rotational velocities and weaker winds. This makes the SMC, a low-metallicity galaxy (Z= 0.2 solar Z), an excellent environment for discerning the role of rotation in massive stars. We report on a FUSE + STIS + optical spectral analysis of 17 O-type stars in the SMC, where we found an enormous range in N abundances. Three stars in the sample have the same (low) CN abundances as the nebular material out of which they formed, namely C = 0.085 solar C and N = 0.034 solar N. However, more than half show N approx. solar N, an enrichment factor of 30X! Such unexpectedly high levels of N have ramifications for the evolution of massive stars including precursors to supernovae. They also raise questions about the sources of nitrogen in the early universe.

  2. Three-dimensional simulations of turbulent convective mixing in ONe and CO classical nova explosions

    DOE PAGES

    Casanova, Jordi; José, Jordi; García-Berro, Enrique; ...

    2016-10-25

    Classical novae are thermonuclear explosions that take place in the envelopes of accreting white dwarfs in binary systems. The material piles up under degenerate conditions, driving a thermonuclear runaway. The energy released by the suite of nuclear processes operating at the envelope heats the material up to peak temperatures of ~(1-4) × 10 8 K. During these events, about 10 -3-10 -7 M ⊙, enriched in CNO and, sometimes, other intermediate-mass elements (e.g., Ne, Na, Mg, Al) are ejected into the interstellar medium. To account for the gross observational properties of classical novae (in particular, the high concentrations of metalsmore » spectroscopically inferred in the ejecta), models require mixing between the (solar-like) material transferred from the secondary and the outermost layers (CO- or ONe-rich) of the underlying white dwarf. Recent multidimensional simulations have demonstrated that Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities can naturally produce self-enrichment of the accreted envelope with material from the underlying white dwarf at levels that agree with observations. However, the feasibility of this mechanism has been explored in the framework of CO white dwarfs, while mixing with different substrates still needs to be properly addressed. We performed three-dimensional simulations of mixing at the core-envelope interface during nova outbursts with the multidimensional code FLASH, for two types of substrates: CO- and ONe-rich. We also show that the presence of an ONe-rich substrate, as in “neon novae”, yields higher metallicity enhancements in the ejecta than CO-rich substrates (i.e., non-neon novae). Finally, a number of requirements and constraints for such 3D simulations (e.g., minimum resolution, size of the computational domain) are also outlined.« less

  3. Determination of the astrophysical 12N(p,γ)13O reaction rate from the 2H(12N,13O)n reaction and its astrophysical implications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Guo, B.; Su, J.; Li, Z. H.; Wang, Y. B.; Yan, S. Q.; Li, Y. J.; Shu, N. C.; Han, Y. L.; Bai, X. X.; Chen, Y. S.; Liu, W. P.; Yamaguchi, H.; Binh, D. N.; Hashimoto, T.; Hayakawa, S.; Kahl, D.; Kubono, S.; He, J. J.; Hu, J.; Xu, S. W.; Iwasa, N.; Kume, N.; Li, Z. H.

    2013-01-01

    The evolution of massive stars with very low-metallicities depends critically on the amount of CNO nuclides which they produce. The 12N(p,γ)13O reaction is an important branching point in the rap processes, which are believed to be alternative paths to the slow 3α process for producing CNO seed nuclei and thus could change the fate of massive stars. In the present work, the angular distribution of the 2H(12N, 13O)n proton transfer reaction at Ec.m.=8.4 MeV has been measured for the first time. Based on the Johnson-Soper approach, the square of the asymptotic normalization coefficient (ANC) for the virtual decay of 13Og.s. → 12N+p was extracted to be 3.92±1.47 fm-1 from the measured angular distribution and utilized to compute the direct component in the 12N(p,γ)13O reaction. The direct astrophysical S factor at zero energy was then found to be 0.39±0.15 keV b. By considering the direct capture into the ground state of 13O, the resonant capture via the first excited state of 13O and their interference, we determined the total astrophysical S factors and rates of the 12N(p,γ)13O reaction. The new rate is two orders of magnitude slower than that from the REACLIB compilation. Our reaction network calculations with the present rate imply that 12N(p,γ)13O will only compete successfully with the β+ decay of 12N at higher (˜2 orders of magnitude) densities than initially predicted.

  4. 76 FR 28216 - Meeting of the Chief of Naval Operations Executive Panel

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-16

    ... Operations (CNO) Executive Panel will deliberate on the findings and proposed recommendations of the Resource Sponsorship Subcommittee study. The meeting will consist of discussions regarding the current Navy functional...

  5. An isomer-specific study of solid nitromethane decomposition pathways - Detection of aci-nitromethane (H2CNO(OH)) and nitrosomethanol (HOCH2NO) intermediates

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Maksyutenko, Pavlo; Förstel, Marko; Crandall, Parker; Sun, Bing-Jian; Wu, Mei-Hung; Chang, Agnes H. H.; Kaiser, Ralf I.

    2016-08-01

    An isomer specific study of energetic electron exposed nitromethane ices was performed via photoionization - reflectron time of flight mass spectrometry (PI-ReTOF-MS) of the subliming products employing tunable vacuum ultraviolet light for ionization. Supported by electronic structure calculations, nitromethane (CH3NO2) was found to isomerize to methyl nitrite (CH3ONO) and also via hydrogen migration to the hitherto elusive aci-nitromethane isomer (H2CNO(OH)). The latter isomerizes to nitrosomethanol (HOCH2NO) through hydroxyl group (OH) migration, and, probably, ring closure to the cyclic 2-hydroxy-oxaziridine isomer (c-H2CON(OH)) as well. The importance of hydrogen migrations was also verified via the nitrosomethane (CH3NO) - formaldehyde oxime isomer (CH2NOH) pair.

  6. 76 FR 20346 - Meeting of the Chief of Naval Operations Executive Panel

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-12

    ... Operations (CNO) Executive Panel will deliberate on the findings and proposed recommendations of the Agile IT Subcommittee study. The meeting will consist of discussions of current and future Navy strategy and plans in...

  7. The First Flight of ATIC : Preliminary Results on CNO Nuclei

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Fazely, A.; Gunasingha, R.; Whitaker, Ann F. (Technical Monitor)

    2001-01-01

    We present preliminary results on the spectra of CNO nuclei in the cosmic radiation as measured in the first flight of the Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter Balloon Experiment (ATIC) which lasted for 16 days, starting in December, 2000 with a launch from McMurdo, Antarctica. ATIC is a multiple, long duration balloon flight,investigation for the study of cosmic ray spectra from below 50 GeV to near 100 TeV total energy, using a fully active Bismuth Germanate (BGO) calorimeter. It is equipped with the first large area mosaic of small fully depleted silicon detector pads capable of charge identification in cosmic rays from H to Fe. As a redundancy check for the charge identification and a coarse particle tracking system, three projective layers of x-y scintillator hodoscopes were employed, above, in the center and below a Carbon interaction'target'.

  8. The CNO Concentration in Cosmic Ray Spectrum as Measured From The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter Experiment

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Fazely, A. R.; Gunasingha, R. M.; Adams, James H., Jr.; Ahn, H.; Ampe, J.; Bashindzhagyan, G.; Whitaker, Ann F. (Technical Monitor)

    2001-01-01

    We present preliminary results on the spectra of CNO nuclei in the cosmic radiation as measured in the first flight of the Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter Balloon Experiment (ATIC) which lasted for 16 days, starting in December, 2000 with a launch from McMurdo, Antarctica. ATIC is a multiple, long duration balloon flight, investigation for the study of cosmic ray spectra from below 50 GeV to near 100 TeV total energy, using a fully active Bismuth Germanate (BGO) calorimeter. It is equipped with the first large area mosaic of small fully depleted silicon detector pads capable of charge identification in cosmic rays from H to Fe. As a redundancy check for the charge identification and a coarse particle tracking system, three projective layers of x-y scintillator hodoscopes were employed, above, in the center and below a Carbon interaction "target".

  9. Is there a stable B2Π state for the CNO molecule?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Marian, Christel; Hess, Bernd A.; Schöttke, Sigrid; Buenker, Robert J.

    1987-07-01

    We report MRD-CI calculations on the ground state X2Π and the excited states A2Σ + and B2Π of the CNO molecule in linear geometry. The surfaces for oxygen and carbon extraction are calculated using a limited CI expansion of 47 configuration state functions; in the vicinity of the minima obtained with this procedure large-scale CI calculations are carried out including deter-mination of the spin-orbit splitting of the 2Π states of the minima. We find that the B2Π state will be difficult to detect spectroscopically due to an avoided crossing just at the equilibrium geometry of the ground state at RCN = 2.25 a.u., RNO = 2.30 a.u. Accordingly we find two shallow minima for B2Π at RCN = 2.33 a.u., RNO = 2.91 a.u. and RCN = 2.78 a.u., RNO = 2.28 a.u., respectively.

  10. Annealing temperature effects on the magnetic properties and induced defects in C/N/O implanted MgO

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Qiang; Ye, Bonian; Hao, Yingping; Liu, Jiandang; Kong, Wei; Ye, Bangjiao

    2013-02-01

    Virgin MgO single crystals were implanted with 70 keV C/N/O ions at room temperature to a dose of 2 × 1017/cm2. After implantation the samples showed room temperature hysteresis in magnetization loops. The annealing effects on the magnetic properties and induced defects of these samples were determined by vibrating sample magnetometer and positron annihilation spectroscopy, respectively. The experimental results indicate that ferromagnetism can be introduced to MgO single crystals by doping with C, N or introduction of Mg related vacancy defects. However, the Mg vacancies coexistence with C or N ions in the C-/N-implanted samples may play a negative role in magnetic performance in these MgO samples. The rapid increase of magnetic moment in O-implanted sample is attributed to the formation of new type of vacancy defects.

  11. Accretion Structures in Algol-Type Interacting Binary Systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Peters, Geraldine

    The physics of mass transfer in interacting binaries of the Algol type will be investigated through an analysis of an extensive collection of FUV spectra from the FUSE spacecraft, Kepler photometry, and FUV spectra from IUE and ORFEUS-SPAS II. The Algols range from close direct impact systems to wider systems that contain prominent accretion disks. Several components of the circumstellar (CS) material have been identified, including the gas stream, splash/outflow domains, a high temperature accretion region (HTAR), accretion disk, and magnetically-controlled flows (cf. Peters 2001, 2007, Richards et al. 2010). Hot spots are sometimes seen at the site where the gas stream impacts the mass gainer's photosphere. Collectively we call these components of mass transfer "accretion structures". The CS material will be studied from an analysis of both line-of-sight FUV absorption features and emission lines. The emission line regions will be mapped in and above/below the orbital plane with 2D and 3D Doppler tomography techniques. We will look for the presence of hot accretion spots in both the Kepler photometry of Algols in the Kepler fields and phase-dependent flux variability in the FUSE spectra. We will also search for evidence of microflaring at the impact site of the gas stream. An abundance study of the mass gainer will reveal the extent to which CNO-processed material from the core of the mass loser is being deposited on the primary. Analysis codes that will be used include 2D and 3D tomography codes, SHELLSPEC, light curve analysis programs such as PHOEBE and Wilson-Devinney, and the NLTE codes TLUSTY/SYNSPEC. This project will transform our understanding of the mass transfer process from a generic to a hydrodynamical one and provide important information on the degree of mass loss from the system which is needed for calculations of the evolution of Algol binaries.

  12. Transition of carbon nanostructures in heptane diffusion flames

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hu, Wei-Chieh; Hou, Shuhn-Shyurng; Lin, Ta-Hui

    2017-02-01

    The flame synthesis has high potential in industrial production of carbon nanostructure (CNS). Unfortunately, the complexity of combustion chemistry leads to less controlling of synthesized products. In order to improve the understanding of the relation between flames and CNSs synthesized within, experiments were conducted through heptane flames in a stagnation-point liquid-pool system. The operating parameters for the synthesis include oxygen supply, sampling position, and sampling time. Two kinds of nanostructures were observed, carbon nanotube (CNT) and carbon nano-onion (CNO). CNTs were synthesized in a weaker flame near extinction. CNOs were synthesized in a more sooty flame. The average diameter of CNTs formed at oxygen concentration of 15% was in the range of 20-30 nm. For oxygen concentration of 17%, the average diameter of CNTs ranged from 24 to 27 nm, while that of CNOs was around 28 nm. For oxygen concentration of 19%, the average diameter of CNOs produced at the sampling position 0.5 mm below the flame front was about 57 nm, while the average diameters of CNOs formed at the sampling positions 1-2.5 mm below the flame front were in the range of 20-25 nm. A transition from CNT to CNO was observed by variation of sampling position in a flame. We found that the morphology of CNS is directly affected by the presence of soot layer due to the carbonaceous environment and the growth mechanisms of CNT and CNO. The sampling time can alter the yield of CNSs depending on the temperature of sampling position, but the morphology of products is not affected.

  13. Buying into a greater product procurement role for nurses.

    PubMed

    Blakemore, Sophie

    2015-12-01

    AT THE chief nursing officer (CNO) for England's summit this month, the RCN will publicise its campaign encouraging nurses to have more say in the choice of products, supplies and medicines they use on a daily basis.

  14. Decreasing Striatopallidal Pathway Function Enhances Motivation by Energizing the Initiation of Goal-Directed Action

    PubMed Central

    Carvalho Poyraz, Fernanda; Holzner, Eva; Bailey, Matthew R.; Meszaros, Jozsef; Kenney, Lindsay; Kheirbek, Mazen A.

    2016-01-01

    Altered dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) binding in the striatum has been associated with abnormal motivation in neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Here, we tested whether motivational deficits observed in mice with upregulated D2Rs (D2R-OEdev mice) are reversed by decreasing function of the striatopallidal “no-go” pathway. To this end, we expressed the Gαi-coupled designer receptor hM4D in adult striatopallidal neurons and activated the receptor with clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). Using a head-mounted miniature microscope we confirmed with calcium imaging in awake mice that hM4D activation by CNO inhibits striatopallidal function measured as disinhibited downstream activity in the globus pallidus. Mice were then tested in three operant tasks that address motivated behavior, the progressive ratio task, the progressive hold-down task, and outcome devaluation. Decreasing striatopallidal function in the dorsomedial striatum or nucleus accumbens core enhanced motivation in D2R-OEdev mice and control littermates. This effect was due to increased response initiation but came at the cost of goal-directed efficiency. Moreover, response vigor and the sensitivity to changes in reward value were not altered. Chronic activation of hM4D by administering CNO for 2 weeks in drinking water did not affect motivation due to a tolerance effect. However, the acute effect of CNO on motivation was reinstated after discontinuing chronic treatment for 48 h. Used as a therapeutic approach, striatopallidal inhibition should consider the risk of impairing goal-directed efficiency and behavioral desensitization. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Motivation involves a directional component that allows subjects to efficiently select the behavior that will lead to an optimal outcome and an activational component that initiates and maintains the vigor and persistence of actions. Striatal output pathways modulate motivated behavior, but it remains unknown how these pathways regulate specific components of motivation. Here, we found that the indirect pathway controls response initiation without affecting response vigor or the sensitivity to changes in the reward outcome. A specific enhancement in the activational component of motivation, however, can come at the cost of goal-directed efficiency when a sustained response is required to obtain the goal. These data should inform treatment strategies for brain disorders with impaired motivation such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. PMID:27251620

  15. GABAergic Neurons of the Central Amygdala Promote Cataplexy

    PubMed Central

    Agostinelli, Lindsay J.; Lowell, Bradford B.

    2017-01-01

    Narcolepsy is characterized by chronic sleepiness and cataplexy—sudden muscle paralysis triggered by strong, positive emotions. This condition is caused by a lack of orexin (hypocretin) signaling, but little is known about the neural mechanisms that mediate cataplexy. The amygdala regulates responses to rewarding stimuli and contains neurons active during cataplexy. In addition, lesions of the amygdala reduce cataplexy. Because GABAergic neurons of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) target brainstem regions known to regulate muscle tone, we hypothesized that these cells promote emotion-triggered cataplexy. We injected adeno-associated viral vectors coding for Cre-dependent DREADDs or a control vector into the CeA of orexin knock-out mice crossed with vGAT-Cre mice, resulting in selective expression of the excitatory hM3 receptor or the inhibitory hM4 receptor in GABAergic neurons of the CeA. We measured sleep/wake behavior and cataplexy after injection of saline or the hM3/hM4 ligand clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) under baseline conditions and under conditions that should elicit positive emotions. In mice expressing hM3, CNO approximately doubled the amount of cataplexy in the first 3 h after dosing under baseline conditions. Rewarding stimuli (chocolate or running wheels) also increased cataplexy, but CNO produced no further increase. In mice expressing hM4, CNO reduced cataplexy in the presence of chocolate or running wheels. These results demonstrate that GABAergic neurons of the CeA are sufficient and necessary for the production of cataplexy in mice, and they likely are a key part of the mechanism through which positive emotions trigger cataplexy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cataplexy is one of the major symptoms of narcolepsy, but little is known about how strong, positive emotions trigger these episodes of muscle paralysis. Prior research shows that amygdala neurons are active during cataplexy and cataplexy is reduced by lesions of the amygdala. We found that cataplexy is substantially increased by selective activation of GABAergic neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). We also demonstrate that inhibition of these neurons reduces reward-promoted cataplexy. These results build upon prior work to establish the CeA as a crucial element in the neural mechanisms of cataplexy. These results demonstrate the importance of the CeA in regulating responses to rewarding stimuli, shedding light on the broader neurobiology of emotions and motor control. PMID:28235898

  16. Decreasing Striatopallidal Pathway Function Enhances Motivation by Energizing the Initiation of Goal-Directed Action.

    PubMed

    Carvalho Poyraz, Fernanda; Holzner, Eva; Bailey, Matthew R; Meszaros, Jozsef; Kenney, Lindsay; Kheirbek, Mazen A; Balsam, Peter D; Kellendonk, Christoph

    2016-06-01

    Altered dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) binding in the striatum has been associated with abnormal motivation in neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Here, we tested whether motivational deficits observed in mice with upregulated D2Rs (D2R-OEdev mice) are reversed by decreasing function of the striatopallidal "no-go" pathway. To this end, we expressed the Gαi-coupled designer receptor hM4D in adult striatopallidal neurons and activated the receptor with clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). Using a head-mounted miniature microscope we confirmed with calcium imaging in awake mice that hM4D activation by CNO inhibits striatopallidal function measured as disinhibited downstream activity in the globus pallidus. Mice were then tested in three operant tasks that address motivated behavior, the progressive ratio task, the progressive hold-down task, and outcome devaluation. Decreasing striatopallidal function in the dorsomedial striatum or nucleus accumbens core enhanced motivation in D2R-OEdev mice and control littermates. This effect was due to increased response initiation but came at the cost of goal-directed efficiency. Moreover, response vigor and the sensitivity to changes in reward value were not altered. Chronic activation of hM4D by administering CNO for 2 weeks in drinking water did not affect motivation due to a tolerance effect. However, the acute effect of CNO on motivation was reinstated after discontinuing chronic treatment for 48 h. Used as a therapeutic approach, striatopallidal inhibition should consider the risk of impairing goal-directed efficiency and behavioral desensitization. Motivation involves a directional component that allows subjects to efficiently select the behavior that will lead to an optimal outcome and an activational component that initiates and maintains the vigor and persistence of actions. Striatal output pathways modulate motivated behavior, but it remains unknown how these pathways regulate specific components of motivation. Here, we found that the indirect pathway controls response initiation without affecting response vigor or the sensitivity to changes in the reward outcome. A specific enhancement in the activational component of motivation, however, can come at the cost of goal-directed efficiency when a sustained response is required to obtain the goal. These data should inform treatment strategies for brain disorders with impaired motivation such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. Copyright © 2016 the authors 0270-6474/16/365989-14$15.00/0.

  17. On nonthermal processes in the core of the Sun

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Voronchev, V. T., E-mail: voronchev@srd.sinp.msu.ru

    2015-06-15

    Nonthermal nuclear processes in the core of the Sun that are induced by fast particles appearing as nonthermalized products of exothermic reactions are discussed. Among other things, properties of 8.7-MeV alpha particles originating from the reaction p + {sup 7}Li → 2α are studied, and their effect on the balance of the processes p + {sup 17}O ai α + {sup 14}N, which close the CNO-II cycle, is determined. It is shown that the effective temperature of fast alpha particles is approximately 1000 times as high as the temperature of the plasma in the Sun’s core and that, under somemore » specific conditions, the rate of the reverse reaction α + {sup 14}N → p + {sup 17}O may be one to two orders of magnitude higher than the rate of the forward reaction p + {sup 17}O → α + {sup 14}N.« less

  18. Optical characterization of chemistry in shocked nitromethane with time-dependent density functional theory.

    PubMed

    Pellouchoud, Lenson A; Reed, Evan J

    2013-11-27

    We compute the optical properties of the liquid-phase energetic material nitromethane (CH3NO2) for the first 100 ps behind the front of a simulated shock at 6.5 km/s, close to the experimentally observed detonation shock speed of the material. We utilize molecular dynamics trajectories computed using the multiscale shock technique (MSST) for time-resolved optical spectrum calculations based on both linear response time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) and the Kubo-Greenwood formula with Kohn-Sham DFT wave functions. We find that the TDDFT method predicts an optical conductivity 25-35% lower than the Kubo-Greenwood calculation and provides better agreement with the experimentally measured index of refraction of unreacted nitromethane. We investigate the influence of electronic temperature on the Kubo-Greenwood spectra and find no significant effect at optical wavelengths. In both Kubo-Greenwood and TDDFT, the spectra evolve nonmonotonically in time as shock-induced chemistry takes place. We attribute the time-resolved absorption at optical wavelengths to time-dependent populations of molecular decomposition products, including NO, CNO, CNOH, H2O, and larger molecules. These calculations offer direction for guiding and interpreting ultrafast optical measurements on reactive materials.

  19. 15O(alpha,gamma)19Ne breakout reaction and impact on X-ray bursts.

    PubMed

    Tan, W P; Fisker, J L; Görres, J; Couder, M; Wiescher, M

    2007-06-15

    The breakout reaction 15O(alpha,gamma)19Ne, which regulates the flow between the hot CNO cycle and the rp process, is critical for the explanation of the burst amplitude and periodicity of x-ray bursters. We report on the first successful measurement of the critical alpha-decay branching ratios of relevant states in 19Ne populated via 19F(3He,t)19Ne. Based on the experimental results and our previous lifetime measurements of these states, we derive the first experimental rate of 15O(alpha,gamma)19Ne. The impact of our experimental results on the burst pattern and periodicity for a range of accretion rates is analyzed.

  20. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis regulates ethanol-seeking behavior in mice.

    PubMed

    Pina, Melanie M; Young, Emily A; Ryabinin, Andrey E; Cunningham, Christopher L

    2015-12-01

    Drug-associated stimuli are considered important factors in relapse to drug use. In the absence of drug, these cues can trigger drug craving and drive subsequent drug seeking. One structure that has been implicated in this process is the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), a chief component of the extended amygdala. Previous studies have established a role for the BNST in cue-induced cocaine seeking. However, it is unclear if the BNST underlies cue-induced seeking of other abused drugs such as ethanol. In the present set of experiments, BNST involvement in ethanol-seeking behavior was assessed in male DBA/2J mice using the conditioned place preference procedure (CPP). The BNST was inhibited during CPP expression using electrolytic lesions (Experiment 1), co-infusion of GABAA and GABAB receptor agonists muscimol and baclofen (M+B; Experiment 2), and activation of inhibitory designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (hM4Di-DREADD) with clozapine-N-oxide (CNO; Experiment 3). The magnitude of ethanol CPP was reduced significantly by each of these techniques. Notably, infusion of M+B (Exp. 2) abolished CPP altogether. Follow-up studies to Exp. 3 showed that ethanol cue-induced c-Fos immunoreactivity in the BNST was reduced by hM4Di activation (Experiment 4) and in the absence of hM4Di, CNO did not affect ethanol CPP (Experiment 5). Combined, these findings demonstrate that the BNST is involved in the modulation of cue-induced ethanol-seeking behavior. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. The Influence of the Level Structure of Sodium -20 upon the Stellar Reaction Rate for NEON-19(PROTON, PHOTON)(20)SODIUM.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lamm, Larry Odell

    The level structure of ^{20 }Na has been measured up to excitation energies of 3.33 MeV using the charge-exchange reaction 20Ne(^3He,t) 20Na. Angular distributions have been measured for 14 levels at laboratory angles ranging from 10 to 60 degrees. Assignments of spin and parities have been made for the levels based on DWBA analysis of the angular distributions and comparisons with the level structure of the analog nuclei. The reaction rate for ^{19 }Ne(p,gamma)^{20 }Na has been calculated to include the effects of the resonant levels of temperatures of interest in the operation of the hot CNO cycle. The result is an increase of nearly three orders of magnitude in the stellar reaction rate for 19Ne(p, gamma)20Na, as compared to previous estimates made before the measurement of the level structure of 20Na. This increase may indicate that 19 Ne(p,gamma)20 Na is the sought after breakout mechanism to allow for the transport of mass from the CNO region into the Ne-Na-Mg regions, with applications for the rp-process and the possible explanation of the observed neon overabundances in some nova events. A detailed description of the experiment is given, including a discussion of the development of a new type of position sensitive detector for use with the broad range magnetic spectrograph which has allowed, for the first time, the unambiguous identification to tritons within the spectrograph.

  2. Replay of Episodic Memories in the Rat.

    PubMed

    Panoz-Brown, Danielle; Iyer, Vishakh; Carey, Lawrence M; Sluka, Christina M; Rajic, Gabriela; Kestenman, Jesse; Gentry, Meredith; Brotheridge, Sydney; Somekh, Isaac; Corbin, Hannah E; Tucker, Kjersten G; Almeida, Bianca; Hex, Severine B; Garcia, Krysten D; Hohmann, Andrea G; Crystal, Jonathon D

    2018-05-21

    Vivid episodic memories in people have been characterized as the replay of multiple unique events in sequential order [1-3]. The hippocampus plays a critical role in episodic memories in both people and rodents [2, 4-6]. Although rats remember multiple unique episodes [7, 8], it is currently unknown if animals "replay" episodic memories. Therefore, we developed an animal model of episodic memory replay. Here, we show that rats can remember a trial-unique stream of multiple episodes and the order in which these events occurred by engaging hippocampal-dependent episodic memory replay. We document that rats rely on episodic memory replay to remember the order of events rather than relying on non-episodic memories. Replay of episodic memories survives a long retention-interval challenge and interference from the memory of other events, which documents that replay is part of long-term episodic memory. The chemogenetic activating drug clozapine N-oxide (CNO), but not vehicle, reversibly impairs episodic memory replay in rats previously injected bilaterally in the hippocampus with a recombinant viral vector containing an inhibitory designer receptor exclusively activated by a designer drug (DREADD; AAV8-hSyn-hM4Di-mCherry). By contrast, two non-episodic memory assessments are unaffected by CNO, showing selectivity of this hippocampal-dependent impairment. Our approach provides an animal model of episodic memory replay, a process by which the rat searches its representations in episodic memory in sequential order to find information. Our findings using rats suggest that the ability to replay a stream of episodic memories is quite old in the evolutionary timescale. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Lipopolysacharide Rapidly and Completely Suppresses AgRP Neuron-Mediated Food Intake in Male Mice

    PubMed Central

    Liu, Yang; Huang, Ying; Liu, Tiemin; Wu, Hua; Cui, Huxing

    2016-01-01

    Although Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons play a key role in the regulation of food intake, their contribution to the anorexia caused by proinflammatory insults has yet to be identified. Using a combination of neuroanatomical and pharmacogenetics experiments, this study sought to investigate the importance of AgRP neurons and downstream targets in the anorexia caused by the peripheral administration of a moderate dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 μg/kg, ip). First, in the C57/Bl6 mouse, we demonstrated that LPS induced c-fos in select AgRP-innervated brain sites involved in feeding but not in any arcuate proopiomelanocortin neurons. Double immunohistochemistry further showed that LPS selectively induced c-Fos in a large subset of melanocortin 4 receptor-expressing neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus. Secondly, we used pharmacogenetics to stimulate the activity of AgRP neurons during the course of LPS-induced anorexia. In AgRP-Cre mice expressing the designer receptor hM3Dq-Gq only in AgRP neurons, the administration of the designer drug clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) induced robust food intake. Strikingly, CNO-mediated food intake was rapidly and completely blunted by the coadministration of LPS. Neuroanatomical experiments further indicated that LPS did not interfere with the ability of CNO to stimulate c-Fos in AgRP neurons. In summary, our findings combined together support the view that the stimulation of select AgRP-innervated brain sites and target neurons, rather than the inhibition of AgRP neurons themselves, is likely to contribute to the rapid suppression of food intake observed during acute bacterial endotoxemia. PMID:27111742

  4. Lipopolysacharide Rapidly and Completely Suppresses AgRP Neuron-Mediated Food Intake in Male Mice.

    PubMed

    Liu, Yang; Huang, Ying; Liu, Tiemin; Wu, Hua; Cui, Huxing; Gautron, Laurent

    2016-06-01

    Although Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons play a key role in the regulation of food intake, their contribution to the anorexia caused by proinflammatory insults has yet to be identified. Using a combination of neuroanatomical and pharmacogenetics experiments, this study sought to investigate the importance of AgRP neurons and downstream targets in the anorexia caused by the peripheral administration of a moderate dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 μg/kg, ip). First, in the C57/Bl6 mouse, we demonstrated that LPS induced c-fos in select AgRP-innervated brain sites involved in feeding but not in any arcuate proopiomelanocortin neurons. Double immunohistochemistry further showed that LPS selectively induced c-Fos in a large subset of melanocortin 4 receptor-expressing neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus. Secondly, we used pharmacogenetics to stimulate the activity of AgRP neurons during the course of LPS-induced anorexia. In AgRP-Cre mice expressing the designer receptor hM3Dq-Gq only in AgRP neurons, the administration of the designer drug clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) induced robust food intake. Strikingly, CNO-mediated food intake was rapidly and completely blunted by the coadministration of LPS. Neuroanatomical experiments further indicated that LPS did not interfere with the ability of CNO to stimulate c-Fos in AgRP neurons. In summary, our findings combined together support the view that the stimulation of select AgRP-innervated brain sites and target neurons, rather than the inhibition of AgRP neurons themselves, is likely to contribute to the rapid suppression of food intake observed during acute bacterial endotoxemia.

  5. Pharmacogenetic stimulation of cholinergic pedunculopontine neurons reverses motor deficits in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.

    PubMed

    Pienaar, Ilse S; Gartside, Sarah E; Sharma, Puneet; De Paola, Vincenzo; Gretenkord, Sabine; Withers, Dominic; Elson, Joanna L; Dexter, David T

    2015-09-23

    Patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) often present with axial symptoms, including postural- and gait difficulties that respond poorly to dopaminergic agents. Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) of a highly heterogeneous brain structure, the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), improves such symptoms, the underlying neuronal substrate responsible for the clinical benefits remains largely unknown, thus hampering optimization of DBS interventions. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)::Cre(+) transgenic rats were sham-lesioned or rendered parkinsonian through intranigral, unihemispheric stereotaxic administration of the ubiquitin-proteasomal system inhibitor, lactacystin, combined with designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD), to activate the cholinergic neurons of the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontine (PPTg), the rat equivalent of the human PPN. We have previously shown that the lactacystin rat model accurately reflects aspects of PD, including a partial loss of PPTg cholinergic neurons, similar to what is seen in the post-mortem brains of advanced PD patients. In this manuscript, we show that transient activation of the remaining PPTg cholinergic neurons in the lactacystin rat model of PD, via peripheral administration of the cognate DREADD ligand, clozapine-N-oxide (CNO), dramatically improved motor symptoms, as was assessed by behavioral tests that measured postural instability, gait, sensorimotor integration, forelimb akinesia and general motor activity. In vivo electrophysiological recordings revealed increased spiking activity of PPTg putative cholinergic neurons during CNO-induced activation. c-Fos expression in DREADD overexpressed ChAT-immunopositive (ChAT+) neurons of the PPTg was also increased by CNO administration, consistent with upregulated neuronal activation in this defined neuronal population. Overall, these findings provide evidence that functional modulation of PPN cholinergic neurons alleviates parkinsonian motor symptoms.

  6. Polymorphism and thermodynamic ground state of silver fulminate studied from van der Waals density functional calculations

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Yedukondalu, N.; Vaitheeswaran, G., E-mail: gvsp@uohyd.ernet.in

    2014-06-14

    Silver fulminate (AgCNO) is a primary explosive, which exists in two polymorphic phases, namely, orthorhombic (Cmcm) and trigonal (R3{sup ¯}) forms at ambient conditions. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of pressure and temperature on relative phase stability of the polymorphs using planewave pseudopotential approaches based on Density Functional Theory (DFT). van der Waals interactions play a significant role in predicting the phase stability and they can be effectively captured by semi-empirical dispersion correction methods in contrast to standard DFT functionals. Based on our total energy calculations using DFT-D2 method, the Cmcm structure is found to bemore » the preferred thermodynamic equilibrium phase under studied pressure and temperature range. Hitherto Cmcm and R3{sup ¯} phases denoted as α- and β-forms of AgCNO, respectively. Also a pressure induced polymorphic phase transition is seen using DFT functionals and the same was not observed with DFT-D2 method. The equation of state and compressibility of both polymorphic phases were investigated. Electronic structure and optical properties were calculated using full potential linearized augmented plane wave method within the Tran-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson potential. The calculated electronic structure shows that α, β phases are indirect bandgap insulators with a bandgap values of 3.51 and 4.43 eV, respectively. The nature of chemical bonding is analyzed through the charge density plots and partial density of states. Optical anisotropy, electric-dipole transitions, and photo sensitivity to light of the polymorphs are analyzed from the calculated optical spectra. Overall, the present study provides an early indication to experimentalists to avoid the formation of unstable β-form of AgCNO.« less

  7. Transformational Leadership: The Chief Nursing Officer Role in Leading Quality and Patient Safety.

    PubMed

    Jones, Pam; Polancich, Shea; Steaban, Robin; Feistritzer, Nancye; Poe, Terri

    This department column highlights leadership perspectives of quality and patient safety practice. The purpose of this article is to provide strategic direction for transformational quality and safety leadership as the chief nursing officer (CNO) within the academic medical center environment.

  8. On the habitability of universes without stable deuterium

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Adams, Fred C.; Grohs, Evan

    2017-05-01

    In both stars and in the early universe, the production of deuterium is the first step on the way to producing heavier nuclei. If the strong force were slightly weaker, then deuterium would not be stable, and many authors have noted that nuclesynthesis would be compromised so that helium production could not proceed through standard reaction chains. Motivated by the possibility that other regions of space-time could have different values for the fundamental constants, this paper considers stellar evolution in universes without stable deuterium and argues that such universes can remain habitable. Even in universes with no stellar nucleosynthesis, stars can form and will generate energy through gravitational contraction. Using both analytic estimates and a state-of-the-art stellar evolution code, we show that such stars can be sufficiently luminous and long-lived to support life. Stars with initial masses that exceed the Chandrasekhar mass cannot be supported by degeneracy pressure and will explode at the end of their contraction phase. The resulting explosive nucleosynthesis can thus provide the universe with some heavy elements. We also explore the possibility that helium can be produced in stellar cores through a triple-nucleon reaction that is roughly analogous to the triple-alpha reaction that operates in our universe. Stars burning hydrogen through this process are somewhat hotter than those in our universe, but otherwise play the same role. Next we show that with even trace amounts (metallicity Z ∼10-10) of heavy elements - produced through the triple-nucleon process or by explosive nucleosynthesis - the CNO cycle can operate and allow stars to function. Finally, we consider Big Bang Nucleosynthesis without stable deuterium and find that only trace amounts of helium are produced, with even smaller abundances of other nuclei. With stars evolving through gravitational contraction, explosive nucleosynthesis, the triple-nucleon reaction, and the CNO cycle, universes with no stable deuterium are thus potentially habitable, contrary to many previous claims.

  9. Tracing CNO exposed layers in the Algol-type binary system u Her

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kolbas, V.; Dervişoğlu, A.; Pavlovski, K.; Southworth, J.

    2014-11-01

    The chemical composition of stellar photospheres in mass-transferring binary systems is a precious diagnostic of the nucleosynthesis processes that occur deep within stars, and preserves information on the components' history. The binary system u Her belongs to a group of hot Algols with both components being B stars. We have isolated the individual spectra of the two components by the technique of spectral disentangling of a new series of 43 high-resolution échelle spectra. Augmenting these with an analysis of the Hipparcos photometry of the system yields revised stellar quantities for the components of u Her. For the primary component (the mass-gaining star), we find MA = 7.88 ± 0.26 M⊙, RA = 4.93 ± 0.15 R⊙ and Teff, A = 21 600 ± 220 K. For the secondary (the mass-losing star) we find MB = 2.79 ± 0.12 M⊙, RB = 4.26 ± 0.06 R⊙ and Teff, B = 12 600 ± 550 K. A non-local thermodynamic equilibrium analysis of the primary star's atmosphere reveals deviations in the abundances of nitrogen and carbon from the standard cosmic abundance pattern in accord with theoretical expectations for CNO nucleosynthesis processing. From a grid of calculated evolutionary models the best match to the observed properties of the stars in u Her enabled tracing the initial properties and history of this binary system. We confirm that it has evolved according to case A mass transfer. A detailed abundance analysis of the primary star gives C/N = 0.9, which supports the evolutionary calculations and indicates strong mixing in the early evolution of the secondary component, which was originally the more massive of the two. The composition of the secondary component would be a further important constraint on the initial properties of u Her system, but requires spectra of a higher signal-to-noise ratio.

  10. 32 CFR 701.6 - Reading rooms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., online documents, and Navy electronic reading rooms maintained by SECNAV/CNO, CMC, OGC, JAG and Echelon 2... servers, the Navy FOIA website provides a common gateway for all Navy online resources. To this end, DON... clearly unwarranted invasions of privacy, or competitive harm to business submitters. In appropriate cases...

  11. 32 CFR 775.4 - Responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... environmental planning. (d) The Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) and the Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC... environmental planning requirements is available to all decision-makers. (2) Advise the Secretary of the Navy, the Chief of Naval Operations, and the Commandant of the Marine Corps as to the legal requirements...

  12. 32 CFR 701.4 - Responsibility and authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...; develops a Navy-wide FOIA training program and serves as training oversight manager; conducts staff... provide recommended changes/comments to CNO (N09B30). (iv) Routinely conduct random staff assistance...; Director, Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program (NOON); Director, Navy Staff (N09B); Head, DON PA/FOIA Policy...

  13. 32 CFR 701.4 - Responsibility and authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...; develops a Navy-wide FOIA training program and serves as training oversight manager; conducts staff... provide recommended changes/comments to CNO (N09B30). (iv) Routinely conduct random staff assistance...; Director, Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program (NOON); Director, Navy Staff (N09B); Head, DON PA/FOIA Policy...

  14. 32 CFR 701.4 - Responsibility and authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...; develops a Navy-wide FOIA training program and serves as training oversight manager; conducts staff... provide recommended changes/comments to CNO (N09B30). (iv) Routinely conduct random staff assistance...; Director, Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program (NOON); Director, Navy Staff (N09B); Head, DON PA/FOIA Policy...

  15. 32 CFR 701.4 - Responsibility and authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...; develops a Navy-wide FOIA training program and serves as training oversight manager; conducts staff... provide recommended changes/comments to CNO (N09B30). (iv) Routinely conduct random staff assistance...; Director, Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program (NOON); Director, Navy Staff (N09B); Head, DON PA/FOIA Policy...

  16. GABAergic Neurons of the Central Amygdala Promote Cataplexy.

    PubMed

    Mahoney, Carrie E; Agostinelli, Lindsay J; Brooks, Jessica N K; Lowell, Bradford B; Scammell, Thomas E

    2017-04-12

    Narcolepsy is characterized by chronic sleepiness and cataplexy-sudden muscle paralysis triggered by strong, positive emotions. This condition is caused by a lack of orexin (hypocretin) signaling, but little is known about the neural mechanisms that mediate cataplexy. The amygdala regulates responses to rewarding stimuli and contains neurons active during cataplexy. In addition, lesions of the amygdala reduce cataplexy. Because GABAergic neurons of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) target brainstem regions known to regulate muscle tone, we hypothesized that these cells promote emotion-triggered cataplexy. We injected adeno-associated viral vectors coding for Cre-dependent DREADDs or a control vector into the CeA of orexin knock-out mice crossed with vGAT-Cre mice, resulting in selective expression of the excitatory hM3 receptor or the inhibitory hM4 receptor in GABAergic neurons of the CeA. We measured sleep/wake behavior and cataplexy after injection of saline or the hM3/hM4 ligand clozapine -N- oxide (CNO) under baseline conditions and under conditions that should elicit positive emotions. In mice expressing hM3, CNO approximately doubled the amount of cataplexy in the first 3 h after dosing under baseline conditions. Rewarding stimuli (chocolate or running wheels) also increased cataplexy, but CNO produced no further increase. In mice expressing hM4, CNO reduced cataplexy in the presence of chocolate or running wheels. These results demonstrate that GABAergic neurons of the CeA are sufficient and necessary for the production of cataplexy in mice, and they likely are a key part of the mechanism through which positive emotions trigger cataplexy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cataplexy is one of the major symptoms of narcolepsy, but little is known about how strong, positive emotions trigger these episodes of muscle paralysis. Prior research shows that amygdala neurons are active during cataplexy and cataplexy is reduced by lesions of the amygdala. We found that cataplexy is substantially increased by selective activation of GABAergic neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). We also demonstrate that inhibition of these neurons reduces reward-promoted cataplexy. These results build upon prior work to establish the CeA as a crucial element in the neural mechanisms of cataplexy. These results demonstrate the importance of the CeA in regulating responses to rewarding stimuli, shedding light on the broader neurobiology of emotions and motor control. Copyright © 2017 the authors 0270-6474/17/373995-12$15.00/0.

  17. Information Operations and FATA Integration into the National Mainstream

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-09-01

    Edward L. Fisher THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK i REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this...LEFT BLANK vii TABLE OF CONTENTS I . INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1...39 ix i . Computer Network Operations .................................. 40 j. CNO as an IO Core Capability .................................... 40

  18. 32 CFR 720.46 - Overseas screening programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Overseas screening programs. 720.46 Section 720... Department of the Navy Members, Employees, and Family Members Outside the United States § 720.46 Overseas screening programs. The Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) and the CMC shall incorporate procedures requiring...

  19. 75 FR 54857 - Meeting of the Chief of Naval Operations Executive Panel

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-09

    ... Operations (CNO) Executive Panel will deliberate on the findings and proposed recommendations of the... Navy strategy, plans, and policies regarding the utilization of technically diverse systems, primarily associated with information management systems. DATES: The meeting will be held on September 30, 2010, from 9...

  20. Field experiments to evaluate nitrate-leaching from drained agriculturally used areas

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bednorz, Denise; Tauchnitz, Nadine; Christen, Olaf; Rupp, Holger; Meissner, Ralph

    2016-04-01

    Agricultural land use is one of the main sources for diffuse nitrogen (N) inputs into surface- and groundwater. To fulfill the objectives of the European water protection policy it is mandatory to optimize agricultural management and to adopt it to site specific conditions. N present in soil is dominated by organic N, and after mineralization inorganic plant available N, obtaining the components ammonia and nitrate (NO3-N). In the environment, NO3-N occurs as the negatively charged ion NO3- which is generally solved. Thus, NO3-N is the major N-species in waters, whereas its transport is directly influenced by the flow regime. In dependence of soil type and meteorological conditions, subsurface drainage was often installed to prevent water logged zones as a requirement for agricultural use. But drainage systems were often discussed as one of the main sources for NO3-N inputs into surface water due to temporary high discharge rates and short residence time of soil water resulting in limited conditions for NO3-N degradation via denitrification. In the study presented herein, two adjacent tile-drained agriculturally used areas with adjusted agronomic conditions but different soil properties were investigated regarding their flow regime and their N-kinetic from 11/1/2013 until 10/31/2015. Both fields obtained the same size and drainage network (drain depth 0.8 m, gab distance 10 m). Field I was influenced by confined groundwater conditions due to an alternating strata of sandy and loamy layers. Field II was impermeable from a depth of one meter, showing a backwater influenced flow regime. The temporal course of soil moisture (35, 60 and 85 cm depth), drain rate as well as ground- and backwater head was registered continuously at both sites. Furthermore NH4-N- and NO3-N-concentrations (cNO3-N) in each compartment were measured. The experimental results showed that field I revealed significantly lower discharged drain rates and NO3-N-loads (17.1 mm and 2.5 kg N/ha) compared to field II (150.1 mm and 40.3 kg N/ha) within the observation period. As expected the amount of discharged NO3-N increased with increasing drain rate. But a significant feature was the temporal course of registered cNO3-N at both fields. Mean cNO3-N in drain water of field II, was generally high during the whole observation period (mean: 22.8 mgN/l), corresponding to registered cNO3-N in backwater with 23.2 mgN/l. At field I, however, mean cNO3-N in drain water was only 4.5 mgN/l, whereas only a peak wise arise in concentration could be measured after rain events corresponding to higher discharge rates. Additionally, groundwater showed low NO3-N concentrations of only 1.1 mgN/l. These differences resulted mainly due to different soil hydraulic properties. At field II drain water consisted only of percolating seepage water whereas a small denitrification potential could be assumed. At field I however, drain water was a combination of groundwater, obtaining a higher denitrification potential, and after rain events seepage water, which was generally enriched with NO3-N. The investigations showed the need to consider small scale soil heterogeneity due to the fact that not only the flow regime but also the N-kinetic was influenced significantly.

  1. Effect of HLA-C and DQ matching on Pediatric Heart Transplant Graft Survival

    PubMed Central

    Butts, Ryan J.; Savage, Andrew J.; Nietert, Paul J.; Kavarana, Minoo; Moussa, Omar; Burnette, Ali L.; Atz, Andrew M.

    2014-01-01

    Background Higher degree of HLA matching at the A, B, and DR-loci has been associated with improved long-term survival after pediatric heart transplantation in multiple ISHLT registry reports. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of HLA matching at the C and DQ loci with pediatric graft survival. Methods The UNOS database was queried for isolated heart transplants that occurred from 1988 to 2012 with a recipient age of 17 or less and at least one postoperative follow up encounter. When analyzing HLA matching at the C or DQ loci, only those transplants with complete typing of donor and recipient at the respective loci were included. Transplants were divided into patients with at least one match at the C-locus (C-match) versus no match (C-no), and at least one match at the DQ locus versus no match (DQ-match versus DQ-no). Primary outcome was graft loss. Univariate analysis was performed with log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was performed with following patient factors included in the model: recipient age, ischemic time; recipient on ventilator, ECMO, ventricular assist device or inotropes at transplant; recipient serum bilirubin and creatinine closest to transplant, donor-recipient weight ratio, underlying cardiac diagnosis, crossmatch results, transplant year, and HLA matching at the A, B, and DR loci. Results Complete typing at the C-locus occurred in 2429/4731 (51%) transplants and 3498/4731 (74%) transplants had complete typing at the DQ locus. C-match did not differ from C-no with respect to patient factors, except for year of transplant; [C-match median year 2007 (IQR 1997–2010) vs. C-no median year 2005 (IQR 1996–2009), p=0.03] and degree of HLA matching at A, B, and DR loci (11.9% of C-match with high level of HLA matching v. 3% of C-no, p<0.01). Matching at the C-locus was not associated with decreased risk of graft loss [C-no median graft survival 13.1 yrs (95%CI 11.5–14.8) vs. C-match 15.1 yrs (95%CI 13.5–16.6) p=0.44, log-rank, hazard ratio 0.93 (95%CI 0.76–1.15, p=0.52)]. DQ-match did not differ from DQ-no in any of the above-mentioned patient factors, except DQ-match was more likely to have high degree of matching at the A, B, and DR loci versus DQ-no (9.8% v. 3.2%, p<0.01). Matching at the DQ-locus was not associated with decreased risk of graft loss [DQ-no median graft survival 13.1yrs (95%CI 11.7–14.6) vs. DQ-match 13.0 yrs (11.4–14.6) p=0.80, log rank, hazard ratio 0.95 (0.81–1.1), p=0.51]. Conclusion Complete typing at the C-locus of both donor and recipient occurs less often then typing at the DQ locus. A higher degree of donor-recipient HLA matching at the C-locus or the DQ-locus appears not to confer any graft survival advantage. PMID:25128416

  2. 32 CFR 724.306 - Functions of the Commander, Naval Medical Command.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 5 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Functions of the Commander, Naval Medical Command. 724.306 Section 724.306 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY... § 724.306 Functions of the Commander, Naval Medical Command. Under the CNO the COMNAVMEDCOM shall...

  3. 32 CFR 724.306 - Functions of the Commander, Naval Medical Command.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Functions of the Commander, Naval Medical Command. 724.306 Section 724.306 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY... § 724.306 Functions of the Commander, Naval Medical Command. Under the CNO the COMNAVMEDCOM shall...

  4. 32 CFR 724.306 - Functions of the Commander, Naval Medical Command.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Functions of the Commander, Naval Medical Command. 724.306 Section 724.306 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY... § 724.306 Functions of the Commander, Naval Medical Command. Under the CNO the COMNAVMEDCOM shall...

  5. 32 CFR 724.306 - Functions of the Commander, Naval Medical Command.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Functions of the Commander, Naval Medical Command. 724.306 Section 724.306 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY... § 724.306 Functions of the Commander, Naval Medical Command. Under the CNO the COMNAVMEDCOM shall...

  6. 32 CFR 724.306 - Functions of the Commander, Naval Medical Command.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Functions of the Commander, Naval Medical Command. 724.306 Section 724.306 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY... § 724.306 Functions of the Commander, Naval Medical Command. Under the CNO the COMNAVMEDCOM shall...

  7. A Preliminary Investigation into CNO Availability Schedule Overruns

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-06-01

    days PHNSY Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard and IMF PIA Planned Incremental Availability PIRA Pre-Inactivated Restricted Availability PNSY Portsmouth...DSRA 6 DEM 2 EOH 6 IA 2 PIA 3 MMP 1 ERO 3 SRA 1 PIRA 2 DMP 1 RCD 2 CM 1 DPIA 2 Table 23. High Level Work Stoppage Data Characteristics 1

  8. 32 CFR 705.2 - Chief of Information and the Office of Information (CHINFO).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... agencies. (v) Maintain a library of Navy motion picture films for use by local television stations... motion picture and network television offices in the Hollywood area. Naval activities will channel all... reaction teams/resource personnel responsive to the requirements of the CNO and CHINFO, and when feasible...

  9. 32 CFR 705.2 - Chief of Information and the Office of Information (CHINFO).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... agencies. (v) Maintain a library of Navy motion picture films for use by local television stations... motion picture and network television offices in the Hollywood area. Naval activities will channel all... reaction teams/resource personnel responsive to the requirements of the CNO and CHINFO, and when feasible...

  10. 75 FR 53959 - Meeting of the Chief of Naval Operations Executive Panel

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-02

    ... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Navy Meeting of the Chief of Naval Operations Executive Panel AGENCY: Department of the Navy, DoD. ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: The Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Executive Panel will deliberate on the findings and proposed recommendations of the Navy...

  11. Return on Investment in the Public Sector

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2004-12-01

    of Corporate Finance . 4th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2004. Brook, Douglas A. <dabrook@nps.navy.mil> “CNO Visit.” [E-mail to Larry Jones...Analysis: Concepts and Practice. 10th Ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 1996. Brealey, Richard, Alan J. Marcus, and Stewart C. Myers. Fundamentals

  12. Type I X-Ray Bursts at Low Accretion Rates

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Peng, Fang; Brown, E. F.; Truran, J. W.

    2006-06-01

    Neutron stars, with their strong surface gravity, have interestingly short timescales for the sedimentation of heavy elements. Recent observations of unstable thermonuclear burning (observed as X-ray bursts) on the surfaces of slowly accreting neutron stars (< 0.01 of the Eddington rate) motivate us to examine how sedimentation of CNO isotopes affects the ignition of these bursts. For neutron stars accreting at rates less than 0.1 Eddington, there is sufficient time for CNO to settle out of the accreted envelope. We estimate the burst development using a simple one-zone model with a full reaction network. At the lowest accretion rates, 0.1 Eddington, there can still be an effect. We note that the reduced proton-to-seed ratio favors the production of 12C--an important ingredient for subsequent superbursts.This work is supported by the U.S. DOE under grant B523820 to the Center for Astrophysical Thermonuclear Flashes at the University of Chicago, JINA under NSF-PFC grant PHY 02-16783, NSF under grant AST-0507456 and U.S. DOE under contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38.

  13. New f-values in C I and the CNO abundances in the sun

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Biemont, E.; Hibbert, A.; Godefroid, M.; Vaeck, N.

    1993-07-01

    In an attempt to refine our knowledge of the solar abundances of the CNO elements, we discuss the implications of a new accurate set of oscillator strengths recently calculated in intermediate coupling for the 2p(2Po)nl-2p(2Po)(n-prime)(l-prime) E1 transitions of astrophysical interest in C I and also for the forbidden transitions within the 2p-squared ground configuration. As with previous analyses devoted to nitrogen and oxygen, configuration interaction effects have been considered in the calculations in a detailed way and empirical adjustments have been introduced in the diagonal Hamiltonian matrix elements in order to improve the agreement between theoretical eigenvalues and experimental energy differences. The new LTE result, based on a sample of 55 E1 transitions observed in the visible and in the near-IR regions, is A(C) = 8.60 +/- 0.03 in the usual logarithmic scale. Taking departures from LTE into account leads, for a sample of 31 weak lines, to a mean result A(C) = 8.57 +/- 0.03 in agreement with recent determinations.

  14. Molecular column densities in selected model atmospheres. [chemical analysis of carbon stars

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Johnson, H. R.; Beebe, R. F.; Sneden, C.

    1974-01-01

    From an examination of predicted column densities, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) The SiO ought to be visible in carbon stars which were generated from triple alpha burning, but absent from carbon stars generated from the CNO bi-cycle. (2) Variation in the observed relative strengths of TiO and ZrO is indicative of real differences in the ratio Ti/Zr. (3) The TiO/ZrO ratio shows a small variation as C/O and effective temperature is changed. (4) Column density of silicon dicarbide (SiC2) is sensitive to abundance, temperature, and gravity; hence all relationships between the strength of SiC2 and other stellar parameters will show appreciable scatter. There is however, a substantial luminosity effect present in the SiC2 column densities. (5) Unexpectedly, SiC2 is anti-correlated with C2. (6) The presence of SiC2 in a carbon star eliminates the possibility of these stars having temperatures greater than or equal to 3000 K, or being produced through the CNO bi-cycle.

  15. Nanosheet controlled epitaxial growth of PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 thin films on glass substrates

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bayraktar, M.; Chopra, A.; Bijkerk, F.; Rijnders, G.

    2014-09-01

    Integration of PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) films on glass substrates is of high importance for device applications. However, to make use of the superior ferro- and piezoelectric properties of PZT, well-oriented crystalline or epitaxial growth with control of the crystal orientation is a prerequisite. In this article, we report on epitaxial growth of PZT films with (100)- and (110)-orientation achieved by utilizing Ca2Nb3O10 (CNO) and Ti0.87O2 (TO) nanosheets as crystalline buffer layers. Fatigue measurements demonstrated stable ferroelectric properties of these films up to 5 × 109 cycles. (100)-oriented PZT films on CNO nanosheets show a large remnant polarization of 21 μC/cm2 that is the highest remnant polarization value compared to (110)-oriented and polycrystalline films reported in this work. A piezoelectric response of 98 pm/V is observed for (100)-oriented PZT film which is higher than the values reported in the literature on Si substrates.

  16. Morphine enhances nitric oxide release in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract via the micro(3) opiate receptor subtype: a hormonal role for endogenous morphine.

    PubMed

    Stefano, G B; Zhu, W; Cadet, P; Bilfinger, T V; Mantione, K

    2004-03-01

    Studies from our laboratory have revealed a novel micro opiate receptor, micro(3), which is expressed in both human vascular tissues and leukocytes. The micro(3) receptor is selective for opiate alkaloids, insensitive to opioid peptides and is coupled to constitutive nitric oxide (cNO) release. We now identify the micro(3) receptor characteristics in mammalian gut tissues. It appears that the various regions of the mouse gut release low levels of NO (0.02 to 4.6 nM ) in a pulsatile manner. We demonstrate that morphine stimulates cNO release (peak level 17 nM) in the mouse stomach, small intestine and large intestine in a naloxone and L-NAME antagonizable manner. Opioid peptides do not exhibit cNO-stimulating capabilities in these tissues. Taken together, we surmise morphine acts as a hormone to limit gut activity via micro(3) coupled to NO release since micro opiate receptors are found in the gut and endogenous morphine is not but is found in blood.

  17. COS Observations of SN1987A

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    McCray, Richard; France, K.; Kirshner, R. P.; SAINTS Collaboration

    2012-01-01

    We present the most sensitive ultraviolet observations of Supernova 1987A to date. Imaging spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope-Cosmic Origins Spectrograph shows many narrow (v - 300 km/s) emission lines from the circumstellar ring, broad (v - 10 - 20 × 103 km/s) emission lines from the reverse shock, and ultraviolet continuum emission. The high signal-to-noise (> 40 per resolution element) broad Ly α emission is excited by soft X-ray and EUV heating of mostly neutral gas in the circumstellar ring and outer supernova debris. The ultraviolet continuum at - > 1350 A can be explained by H I 2-photon (2s 2S1/2 - 1s 2S1/2) emission from the same region. We confirm our earlier, tentative detection of N V -1240 emission from the reverse shock and we present the first detections of broad He II 1640, C IV -1550, and N IV] 1486 emission lines from the reverse shock. The helium abundance in the high velocity material is He/H = 0.14 +/- 0.06. The N V/H line ratio requires partial ion-electron equilibration (Te/Tp - 0.14 - 0.35). We find that the N/C abundance ratio in the gas crossing the reverse shock is significantly higher than that in the circumstellar ring, a result we attribute to continued CNO processing in the supernova progenitor subsequent to the expulsion of the circumstellar ring.

  18. The Role of Rotation in the Evolution of Massive Stars

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Heap, Sara R.; Lanz, Thierry M.

    2003-01-01

    Recent evolutionary models of massive stars predict important effects of rotation including: increasing the rate of mass loss; lowering the effective gravity; altering the evolutionary track on the Hertzsprung-Russel Diagram (HRD); extending the main-sequence phase (both on the HR diagram and in time); and mixing of CNO-processed elements up to the stellar surface. Observations suggest that rotation is a more important factor at lower metallicities because of higher initial rotational velocities and weaker winds. This makes the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), a low-metallicity galaxy (Z=0.2 solar Z), an excellent environment for discerning the role of rotation in massive stars. We report on a FUSE+STIS+optical spectral analysis of 17 O-type stars in the SMC, where we found an enormous range in N abundances. Three stars in the sample have the same (low) CN abundances as the nebular material out of which they formed, namely C=0.085 solar C and N=0.034 solar N. However, more than half show N approx. solar N, an enrichment factor of 30X! Such unexpectedly high levels of N have ramifications for the evolution of massive stars including precursors to supernovae. They also raise questions about the sources of nitrogen in the early universe. This study was supported in part by grants from NASA's ADP, HST GO-7437, and FUSE B134.

  19. Three-dimensional simulations of the interaction between the nova ejecta, accretion disk, and companion star

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Figueira, Joana; José, Jordi; García-Berro, Enrique; Campbell, Simon W.; García-Senz, Domingo; Mohamed, Shazrene

    2018-05-01

    Context. Classical novae are thermonuclear explosions hosted by accreting white dwarfs in stellar binary systems. Material piles up on top of the white dwarf star under mildly degenerate conditions, driving a thermonuclear runaway. The energy released by the suite of nuclear processes operating at the envelope, mostly proton-capture reactions and β+-decays, heats the material up to peak temperatures ranging from 100 to 400 MK. In these events, about 10-3-10-7 M⊙, enriched in CNO and, sometimes, other intermediate-mass elements (e.g., Ne, Na, Mg, and Al) are ejected into the interstellar medium. Aims: To date, most of the efforts undertaken in the modeling of classical nova outbursts have focused on the early stages of the explosion and ejection, ignoring the interaction of the ejecta, first with the accretion disk orbiting the white dwarf and ultimately with the secondary star. Methods: A suite of 3D, smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of the interaction between the nova ejecta, accretion disk, and stellar companion were performed to fill this gap; these simulations were aimed at testing the influence of the model parameters—that is, the mass and velocity of the ejecta, mass and the geometry of the accretion disk—on the dynamical and chemical properties of the system. Results: We discuss the conditions that lead to the disruption of the accretion disk and to mass loss from the binary system. In addition, we discuss the likelihood of chemical contamination of the stellar secondary induced by the impact with the nova ejecta and its potential effect on the next nova cycle. Movies showing the full evolution of several models are available online at http://https://www.aanda.org and at http://www.fen.upc.edu/users/jjose/Downloads.html

  20. The ionization structure of planetary nebulae. 9: NGC 1535

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Barker, Timothy

    1988-01-01

    Spectrophotometric observations of emission-line intensities over the spectral range 1400 to 7200 A were made in five positions in the planetary nebula NGC 1535. There is some evidence for variation in the Balmer decrements between these positions. The O(++) electron temperature varies little from 11500 K across these positions; the Balmer continuum electron temperature averages a few hundred K higher than this, but this difference is insignificant when compared to the measurement errors. As found for most of the other planetaries in this series, the wavelength 4267 C II line intensity near the central star implies a C(++) abundance that is several times higher that that determined from the wavelength 1906, 1909 C III lines. The discrepancy again decreases with increasing distance from the central star, again suggesting that the excitation mechanism for the wavelength 4267 C II is not understood. Standard equations used to correct for the existence of elements in other than the optically observable ionization stages give consistent results for the different positions; there is no evidence for any abundance gradient in the nebula. The logarithmic abundances are He = 10.99, O = 8.51, N = 7.63, Ne = 7.89, C = 8.34, and Ar = 6.08. The abundances agree well with determinations by Aller and Czyzak and by Torres-Peimbert and Peimbert and are nearly identical to those found for NGC 6826. As for NGC 6826, the rather low abundances of He, N, and C suggest that there was little if any mixing of CNO-processed material into the nebular shell in the progenitor to NGC 1535. The O, Ne, Ar abundances appear to be somewhat low, suggesting that the progenitor to NGC 1535 may have formed out of somewhat metal-poor material.

  1. Enhanced Stability of PtRu Supported on N-Doped Carbon for the Anode of a DMFC

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-09-18

    nitrogen functionalities are most likely limited to pyrrolic , N-C=O and amine groups. In the case of PtRu/C (N- doped), the ion implantation introduces...suggesting the presence of graphitic, quaternary, pyridinic, C-N=O, pyrrolic , amine and nitrile groups.32,46 Initial DMFC performance and electrochemical

  2. Navy Force Structure: A Bigger Fleet Background and Issues for Congress

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-09-16

    Aircraft Carrier Gap in the Gulf,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, October 5, 2015. 8 See, for example, Hope Hodge Seck, “CNO: Navy to Hit...Long Deployments Will Harm the Fleet,” Navy Times, April 20, 2016; Hope Hodge Seck, “Overtaxed Fleet Needs Shorer Deployments,” Military.com, March

  3. How to appoint a new chief nurse, win friends and influence people.

    PubMed

    Butterworth, Tony

    2004-07-01

    OUR CHIEF nurse for England, Sarah Mullally, has announced her intention to leave the NHS and the search is on for her replacement. Speculation on who it will be is rife; this is an opportune moment therefore to reflect on the ideal qualities of the new chief nursing officer (CNO) for England.

  4. 75 FR 7452 - Notice of Partially Closed Meeting of the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Executive Panel

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-19

    ... topics to be presented during the closed portion of the meeting are classified SECRET and SECRET//NOFORN... be kept secret in the interest of national defense. In addition, matters determined to be business sensitive (trade secrets and privileged commercial and financial information) are exempt from an open...

  5. Acoustic Fluctuations: Guidelines for R and D Based on the Acoustic Fluctuation Workshop 22-23 February 1978

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1978-11-28

    Noise was sponsored by CNO (OP-95) and supported by Chief of Naval Research (CNR) and held at Woods Hole Oceano - graphic Institute (WHOI) in October...SURFACE ARRAY 1 Sol ’ ARRAY 2 S~BOTTOM (C) Calculate standard deviation of phase-difference fluctuations as a function of integration time, Calculate

  6. Author Correction: Circuit dissection of the role of somatostatin in itch and pain.

    PubMed

    Huang, Jing; Polgár, Erika; Solinski, Hans Jürgen; Mishra, Santosh K; Tseng, Pang-Yen; Iwagaki, Noboru; Boyle, Kieran A; Dickie, Allen C; Kriegbaum, Mette C; Wildner, Hendrik; Zeilhofer, Hanns Ulrich; Watanabe, Masahiko; Riddell, John S; Todd, Andrew J; Hoon, Mark A

    2018-06-01

    In the version of this article initially published online, the labels were switched for the right-hand pair of bars in Fig. 4e. The left one of the two should be Chloroquine + veh, the right one Chloroquine + CNO. The error has been corrected in the print, HTML and PDF versions of the article.

  7. Recent Borexino results and prospects for the near future

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    D'Angelo, D.; Agostini, M.; Altenmüller, K.; Appel, S.; Bellini, G.; Benziger, J.; Bick, D.; Bonfini, G.; Bravo, D.; Caccianiga, B.; Calaprice, F.; Caminata, A.; Cavalcante, P.; Chepurnov, A.; Davini, S.; Derbin, A.; Di Noto, L.; Drachnev, I.; Etenko, A.; Fomenko, K.; Franco, D.; Gabriele, F.; Galbiati, C.; Ghiano, C.; Giammarchi, M.; Goeger-Neff, M.; Goretti, A.; Gromov, M.; Hagner, C.; Hungerford, E.; Ianni, Aldo; Ianni, Andrea; Jedrzejczak, K.; Kaiser, M.; Kobychev, V.; Korablev, D.; Korga, G.; Kryn, D.; Laubenstein, M.; Lehnert, B.; Litvinovich, E.; Lombardi, F.; Lombardi, P.; Ludhova, L.; Lukyanchenko, G.; Machulin, I.; Manecki, S.; Maneschg, W.; Marcocci, S.; Meroni, E.; Meyer, M.; Miramonti, L.; Misiaszek, M.; Montuschi, M.; Mosteiro, P.; Muratova, V.; Neumair, B.; Oberauer, L.; Obolensky, M.; Ortica, F.; Pallavicini, M.; Papp, L.; Perasso, L.; Pocar, A.; Ranucci, G.; Razeto, A.; Re, A.; Romani, A.; Roncin, R.; Rossi, N.; Schönert, S.; Semenov, D.; Simgen, H.; Skorokhvatov, M.; Smirnov, O.; Sotnikov, A.; Sukhotin, S.; Suvorov, Y.; Tartaglia, R.; Testera, G.; Thurn, J.; Toropova, M.; Unzhakov, E.; Vishneva, A.; Vogelaar, R. B.; von Feilitzsch, F.; Wang, H.; Weinz, S.; Winter, J.; Wojcik, M.; Wurm, M.; Yokley, Z.; Zaimidoroga, O.; Zavatarelli, S.; Zuber, K.; Zuzel, G.

    2016-11-01

    The Borexino experiment located in the Gran Sasso National Laboratory, is an organic liquid scintillator detector conceived for the real time spectroscopy of low energy solar neutrinos. The phase-I of the data taking campaign (2007 - 2010) has allowed the first independent measurements of 7Be and pep solar neutrino fluxes as well as the first measurement of anti-neutrinos from the Earth. After a purification of the scintillator, Borexino is now in phase-II since 2011. Thanks to the unprecedented background levels, we have performed the first flux measurement of neutrinos from the fundamental pp reaction which powers the Sun. We review this breakthrough result and other recent results, including the latest review of our terrestrial neutrino analysis. We also discuss the upcoming measurements on middle energy solar neutrino spectral components (pep, CNO) and the new project SOX devoted to the study of sterile neutrinos via the use of a neutrino source placed in close proximity of the detector's active material.

  8. Physicochemical modifications and applications of carbon nano-onions for electrochemical energy storage

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Borgohain, Rituraj

    Carbon nano-onions (CNOs), concentrically multilayered fullerenes, are prepared by several different methods. We are studying the properties of two specific CNOs: A-CNOs and N-CNOs. A-CNOs are synthesized by underwater arc discharge, and N-CNOs are synthesized by high-temperature graphitization of commercial nanodiamond. In this study the synthesis of A-CNOs are optimized by designing an arc discharge aparatus to control the arc plasma. Moreover other synthesis parameters such as arc power, duty cycles, temperature, graphitic and metal impurities are controlled for optimum production of A-CNOs. Also, a very efficient purification method is developed to screen out A-CNOs from carboneseous and metal impurities. In general, A-CNOs are larger than N-CNOs (ca. 30 nm vs. 7 nm diameter). The high surface area, appropriate mesoporosity, high thermal stability and high electrical conductivity of CNOs make them a promising material for various applications. These hydrophobic materials are functionalized with organic groups on their outer layers to study their surface chemistry and to decorate with metal oxide nanoparticles. Both CNOs and CNO nanocomposites are investigated for application in electrochemical capacitors (ECs). The influences of pH, concentration and additives on the performance of the composites are studied. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate high specific capacitance and high cycling stability with high energy and power density of the composite materials in aqueous electrolyte. Key words: Carbon Nano-onions, Arc discharge, Purification, Functionalization, Supercapacitor.

  9. U.S. Naval Strategy in the 1990s: Selected Documents

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-09-01

    Crawshaw , USN; Capt. Eric Briggs, USN; Capt. Charles Schaefer, USN; Cdr. Joseph Connelly, USN; Cdr. Al Seifert, USN; Capt. Frank Dobrydney, USN. † Vice...countermeasures 33 counter-terrorism 206, 208 courage 107 CPAM See CNO Program Analysis Memorandum Crawshaw , Robert 88 U . S . N A V A L S T R A T E G Y I N T

  10. A Study of the Radio-Frequency Radiation from the Sun

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1949-07-13

    8217 ^ DISTRIBUTION GNR Attn: Code 470 BuOrd BuAer Attn; Code TD -4 BuShips CNO Attn: OP-413 CO, ONR, Boston Dir., USNEL CDR., USNOTS Attn: Reports...OD rH »H ^H o o o o o ^ rH fH iH rl K ä 5 1^1» (> O ^ CM flj t^- LA >0 -O

  11. Use of pilot plant scale continuous fryer to simulate industrial production of potato chips: thermal properties of palm olein blends under continuous frying conditions

    PubMed Central

    Tarmizi, Azmil Haizam Ahmad; Ismail, Razali

    2014-01-01

    Binary blends of palm olein (PO) with sunflower oil (SFO), canola oil (CNO), and cottonseed oil (CSO) were formulated to assess their stability under continuous frying conditions. The results were then compared with those obtained in PO. The oil blends studied were: (1) 60:40 for PO + SFO; (2) 70:30 for PO + CNO; and (3) 50:50 for PO + CSO. The PO and its blends were used to fry potato chips at 180°C for a total of 56 h of operation. The evolution of analytical parameters such as tocols, induction period, color, p-anisidine value, free fatty acid, smoke point, polar compounds, and polymer compounds were evaluated over the frying time. Blending PO with unsaturated oils was generally proved to keep most qualitative parameters comparable to those demonstrated in PO. Indeed, none of the oils surpassed the legislative limits for used frying. Overall, it was noted that oil containing PO and SFO showed higher resistance toward oxidative and hydrolytic behaviors as compared to the other oil blends. PMID:24804062

  12. Microscopic evidence that the nitromethane aci ion is a rate controlling species in the detonation of liquid nitromethane

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Engelke, R.; Earl, W.L.; Rohlfing, C.M.

    1986-01-01

    We present microscopic evidence that the aci ion (H/sub 2/CNO/sup -//sub 2/) of nitromethane (H/sub 3/CNO/sub 2/) plays an important role in the detonation kinetics of liquid-phase nitromethane. It is known from previous detonation experiments that very minute additions of organic bases (e.g., amines) have a profound effect on the detonation properties of nitromethane; i.e., the explosive is strongly sensitized. Here we show that, under conditions similar to the detonation experiments, the only new chemical species generated in nitromethane by the bases sodium hydroxide (NaOH), diethylenetriamine (NH/sub 2/CH/sub 2/CH/sub 2/NHCH/sub 2/CH/sub 2/NH/sub 2/), and pyridine (C/sub 5/H/sub 5/N) is themore » aci ion, within the sensitivity of the experiments. The primary tool used to demonstrate this is /sup 13/C NMR spectroscopy. Ab initio quantum-mechanical calculations of the chemical shifts are used to support the experimental interpretation. Qualitative arguments concerning the increased reactivity of the aci ion, relative to normal nitromethane, are given. We review earlier work and relate it to the current findings.« less

  13. Super enrichments of Fe-group nuclei in solar flares and their association with large He-3 enrichments

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Anglin, J. D.; Dietrich, W. F.; Simpson, J. A.

    1978-01-01

    Data on solar flares and perodic particle intensity enhancements in the energy range from 1 to 20 MeV/n are examined. It is found that: (1) Fe/He-4 ratios range from about 1 to 1000 times the solar ratio of 0.0004; (2) these high ratios mitigate against extended storage and large amounts of nuclear processing; (3) the CNO/He-4 ratio has a much smaller range of variability and a mean value of 0.02; (4) large He-3 and Fe enrichments are strongly associated, but not on a one-to-one basis; (5) large Fe enhancements sometimes occur without correspondingly large He-3 enrichments; and (6) none of the models so far advanced adequately explains the observed He-3 and heavy-nucleus enrichments.

  14. Transformational leadership practices of chief nursing officers in Magnet® organizations.

    PubMed

    Clavelle, Joanne T; Drenkard, Karen; Tullai-McGuinness, Susan; Fitzpatrick, Joyce J

    2012-04-01

    This study describes the transformational leadership practices of Magnet® chief nursing officers (CNOs). It is believed that transformational leadership practices influence quality and are integral to Magnet designation. E-mail surveys of 384 Magnet CNOs were conducted in 2011 using the leadership practices inventory (LPI). Enabling others to act and modeling the way are top practices of Magnet CNOs. Those 60 years or older and those with doctorate degrees scored significantly higher in inspiring a shared vision and challenging the process. There was a significant positive relationship between total years as a CNO and inspiring a shared vision and between total scores on the LPI and number of beds in the organization. As CNOs gain experience and education, they exhibit more transformational leadership characteristics. Magnet organizations should take steps to retain CNOs and support their development and advancement.

  15. Nucleosynthesis and the nova outburst

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Starrfield, S.; Truran, J.W.; Wiescher, M.; Sparks, W.M.

    1995-01-01

    A nova outburst is the consequence of the accretion of hydrogen rich material onto a white dwarf and it can be considered as the largest hydrogen bomb in the Universe. The fuel is supplied by a secondary star in a close binary system while the strong degeneracy of the massive white dwarf acts to contain the gas during the early stages of the explosion. The containment allows the temperature in the nuclear burning region to exceed 10(sup 8)K under all circumstances. As a result a major fraction of CNO nuclei in the envelope are transformed into (beta)(sup +)-unstable nuclei. We discuss the effects of these nuclei on the evolution. Recent observational studies have shown that there are two compositional classes of novae; one which occurs on carbon-oxygen white dwarfs, and a second class that occurs on oxygen-neon-magnesium white dwarfs. In this review we will concentrate on the latter explosions since they produce the most interesting nucleosynthesis. We report both on the results of new observational determinations of nova abundances and, in addition, new hydrodynamic calculations that examine the consequences of the accretion process on 1.0M(sub (circle dot)), 1.25M(sub (circle dot)), and 1.35M(sub (circle dot)) white dwarfs. Our results show that novae can produce (sup 22)Na, (sup 26)Al, and other intermediate mass nuclei in interesting amounts. We will present the results of new calculations, done with updated nuclear reaction rates and opacities, which exhibit quantitative differences with respect to published work.

  16. NPS Government Purchase Card Program: An Analysis of Internal Controls

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-03-18

    Management Division CH Cardholder COSO Committee of Sponsoring Organization of the Treadway Commission CNO Chief of Naval Operations DAU Defense...2). To minimize risks , the management and internal controls should have support from higher levels, expect integrity and ethical behavior from...Financial Executives International (FEI); The Institute of Management Accountants (IMA); and the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA; COSO , n.d.-b

  17. A Survey of Cyber Ranges and Testbeds

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-10-01

    used in organisations is large and growing. The literature indicated that cyber test labs (not explicitly called CRs) have been developed for a... organisation requires a realistic training and proving ground to prepare and conduct military CNO. That is, they need a CR. Operational networks are... developed by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to simulate the network environment of many DoD organisations . Its main capabilities

  18. Engaging Cyber Communities

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-04-01

    technology centric operations such as computer network attack and computer network defense. 3 This leads to the question of whether the US military is... information and infrastructure. For the purpose of military operations, CNO are divided into CNA, CND, and computer network exploitation (CNE) enabling...of a CNA if they take undesirable action,” 21 and from a defensive stance in CND, “providing information about non-military threat to computers in

  19. The Education and Development of Strategic Planners in the Navy

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-12-01

    MANAGEMENT .................. 23 C. SUBSEQUENT TOURS .......... .............. ....... 24 V. GRADUATE LEVEL EDUCATION FOR STRATEGIC PLANNERS .... 26 A...experience coded officers. A comparison was conducted in an attempt to determine any trends that may prove beneficial for creating better career management ...plans, which the Center for Naval Analysis (CNA) manages for OP-07 (Director of Naval Warfare) [Ref. i] In addition to the master plans, the CNO has

  20. Fundamental parameters of massive stars in multiple systems: The cases of HD 17505A and HD 206267A

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Raucq, F.; Rauw, G.; Mahy, L.; Simón-Díaz, S.

    2018-06-01

    Context. Many massive stars are part of binary or higher multiplicity systems. The present work focusses on two higher multiplicity systems: HD 17505A and HD 206267A. Aims: Determining the fundamental parameters of the components of the inner binary of these systems is mandatory to quantify the impact of binary or triple interactions on their evolution. Methods: We analysed high-resolution optical spectra to determine new orbital solutions of the inner binary systems. After subtracting the spectrum of the tertiary component, a spectral disentangling code was applied to reconstruct the individual spectra of the primary and secondary. We then analysed these spectra with the non-LTE model atmosphere code CMFGEN to establish the stellar parameters and the CNO abundances of these stars. Results: The inner binaries of these systems have eccentric orbits with e 0.13 despite their relatively short orbital periods of 8.6 and 3.7 days for HD 17505Aa and HD 206267Aa, respectively. Slight modifications of the CNO abundances are found in both components of each system. The components of HD 17505Aa are both well inside their Roche lobe, whilst the primary of HD 206267Aa nearly fills its Roche lobe around periastron passage. Whilst the rotation of the primary of HD 206267Aa is in pseudo-synchronization with the orbital motion, the secondary displays a rotation rate that is higher. Conclusions: The CNO abundances and properties of HD 17505Aa can be explained by single star evolutionary models accounting for the effects of rotation, suggesting that this system has not yet experienced binary interaction. The properties of HD 206267Aa suggest that some intermittent binary interaction might have taken place during periastron passages, but is apparently not operating anymore. Based on observations collected with the TIGRE telescope (La Luz, Mexico), the 1.93 m telescope at Observatoire de Haute Provence (France), the Nordic Optical Telescope at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos (La Palma, Spain), and the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope (Mauna Kea, Hawaii).

  1. A spectral analysis of Deneb (A2 Iae)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Albayrak, B.

    2000-12-01

    This study presents a detailed model atmosphere abundance analysis of Deneb which was performed using Kurucz LTE ATLAS9 model atmospheres. The atmospheric parameters were determined from Mg I/II and Fe I/II equilibrium, and by fitting the Hgamma profile and optical region spectrophotometry. The compromise values which best satisfy these criteria are T_eff = 9000 K and log g = 1.45. The Mg I, Mg II, Si II, Ti II, Cr II, Fe I, and Fe II lines yield microturbulences of 3.60, 6.50, 8.50, 8.00, 11.90, 3.60, and 10.40 km s-1, respectively. An average microturbulence of 7 km s-1 was used for the other atomic species. From a comparision of the synthetic spectrum with the observations, the best value for the rotational velocity is v sin i = 25 km s-1, and for the macroturbulent velocity is zeta = 14 km s-1, which are similar to those of some earlier derived values. Also, the individual spectrograms have a range of radial velocity variation of ~ 15 km s-1 which is approximately equal to macroturbulent velocity. These values of the macroturbulence and the range of radial velocity variation are close to the sum of the amplitudes (10.44 km s-1) of all the pulsation periods found by Lucy (\\cite{lucy}), who also suggested that the surface motions of the atmosphere of Deneb can be identified with macroturbulence. Deneb showed a definite helium underabundance with a well determined He/H value = 0.071. The CNO values (C being mildly deficient, N being in moderate excess, and an O being slightly deficient) are consistent with the mixing of the CNO-cycled products into the surface layers from the processed materials presumably dredged-up from the interior. Aluminium is mildly deficient by ~ 0.24 dex with respect to solar value, while sulfur is moderately underabundant by ~ 0.43 dex in Deneb. Mg and Si have the solar abundances. The metal abundances (Ca to Ni) tend to be greater than solar except for Sc which is slightly deficient. The heavy elements abundances (Sr, Y, and Zr) are all greater than solar. These abundance patterns conform to the common tendency seen with other normal Population I A supergiants found by Venn (\\cite{venna}). The rare-earth elements (Ba, La, and Eu) which have been unexplored in other Galactic early A-type supergiants are significantly overabundant relative the Sun. Based on data obtained at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council of Canada. Table A.1 is only available electronically with the On-Line publication at http://link.springer.de/link/service/00230/

  2. Fe/N/C composite in Li-O2 battery: studies of catalytic structure and activity toward oxygen evolution reaction.

    PubMed

    Shui, Jiang-Lan; Karan, Naba K; Balasubramanian, Mahalingam; Li, Shu-You; Liu, Di-Jia

    2012-10-10

    Atomically dispersed Fe/N/C composite was synthesized and its role in controlling the oxygen evolution reaction during Li-O(2) battery charging was studied by use of a tetra(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether-based electrolyte. Li-O(2) cells using Fe/N/C as the cathode catalyst showed lower overpotentials than α-MnO(2)/carbon catalyst and carbon-only material. Gases evolved during the charge step contained only oxygen for Fe/N/C cathode catalyst, whereas CO(2) was also detected in the case of α-MnO(2)/C or carbon-only material; this CO(2) was presumably generated from electrolyte decomposition. Our results reiterate the catalytic effect in reducing overpotentials, which not only enhances battery efficiency but also improves its lifespan by reducing or eliminating electrolyte decomposition. The structure of the Fe/N/C catalyst was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Iron was found to be uniformly distributed within the carbon matrix, and on average, Fe was coordinated by 3.3 ± 0.6 and 2.2 ± 0.3 low Z elements (C/N/O) at bond distances of ~1.92 and ~2.09 Å, respectively.

  3. Calculation of astrophysical S-factor in reaction ^{13}C(p,γ )^{14}N for first resonance levels

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moghadasi, A.; Sadeghi, H.; Pourimani, R.

    2018-01-01

    The ^{13}C(p,γ )^{14}N reaction is one of the important reactions in the CNO cycle, which is a key process in nucleosynthesis. We first calculated wave functions for the bound state of ^{14}N with Faddeev's method. In this method, the considered reaction components are ^{12}C+n+p. Then, by using direct capture cross section and Breit-Wigner formulae, the non-resonant and resonant cross sections were calculated, respectively. In the next step, we calculated the total S-factor and compared it with experimental data, which showed good agreement between them. Next, we extrapolated the S-factor for the transition to the ground state at zero energy and obtained S(0)=5.8 ± 0.7 (keV b) and then calculate reaction rate. These ones are in agreement with previous reported results.

  4. Calculation of astrophysical S-factor and reaction rate in 12C(p, γ)13N reaction

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moghadasi, A.; Sadeghi, H.; Pourimani, R.

    2018-02-01

    The 12C(p, γ)13N reaction is the first process in the CNO cycle. Also it is a source of low-energy solar neutrinos in various neutrino experiments. Therefore, it is of high interest to gain data of the astrophysical S-factor in low energies. By applying Faddeev's method, we calculated wave functions for the bound state of 13N. Then the cross sections for resonance and non-resonance were calculated through using Breit-Wigner and direct capture cross section formulae, respectively. After that, we calculated the total S-factor and compared it with previous experimental data, revealing a good agreement altogether. Then, we extrapolated the S-factor in zero energy and the result was 1.32 ± 0.19 (keV.b). In the end, we calculated reaction rate and compared it with NACRE data.

  5. Investigation of resonances in 20Mg: Implications for astrophysics and nuclear forces

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Randhawa, Jaspreet; Kanungo, Rituparna; Alcorta, Martin; Burbadge, Christina; Burke, Devin; Christian, Greg; Davids, Barry; Even, Julia; Hackman, Greg; Henderson, Jack; Ishimoto, Shigeru; Kaur, Satbir; Keefe, Matthew; Kruecken, Reiner; Lighthall, Jon; Moukaddam, Mohamad; Padilla-Rodal, Elizabeth; Smith, Jenna; Turko, Joseph; Workman, Orry

    2016-09-01

    18Ne(2p, γ)20Mg provides a possible pathway for breakout from the hot CNO cycles to the rp-process in type I X-ray bursts. This reaction rate is uncertain due to lack of any experimental information on the resonant states in 20Mg above proton emission threshold. Recent calculations using nuclear forces from chiral perturbation theory predict quite a different level structure for 20Mg with and without inclusion of three nucleon forces. These differences make study of 20Mg states important to constraint both nuclear theory and this reaction rate. We have investigated the excited states in 20Mg through inelastic deuteron scattering. The experiment was performed using the IRIS facility at TRIUMF, Canada. The 20Mg beam with an average intensity of 500 pps and energy of 8.5A MeV was directed at novel thin windowless solid deuteron target. Experiment and initial observations will be discussed.

  6. Sanduleak's Star (LMC Anonymous) - Its similarity in the far-ultraviolet with the luminous object Eta Carinae and SN 1987A

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Michalitsianos, A. G.; Kafatos, M.; Shore, S. N.

    1989-01-01

    Low-resolution IUE SWP spectra of the peculiar object LMC Anonymous (Sanduleak's Star) indicates strong evidence for CNO-processed nebula in the vicinity of the star. The far-UV spectrum of LMC Anonymous closely resembles that of the S Condensation of Eta Carinae. The similarity between LMC Anonymous and the S Condensation is apparent from the absolute intensity of the N V, semiforbidden N IV, and semiforbidden N III emission lines compared with the reduced strength of C IV or semiforbidden C III emission. IUE spectra of the S Condensation and SN 1987A may provide important clues concerning the nature of LMC Anonymous, which indicates departures from normal cosmic abundances of nitrogen relative to carbon that are extreme. This may suggest that carbon envelope burning and dredge-up occurred simultaneously during the helium-burning stage.

  7. Sanduleak's Star (LMC Anonymous) - Its similarity in the far-ultraviolet with the luminous object Eta Carinae and SN 1987A

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Michalitsianos, A.G.; Kafatos, M.; Shore, S.N.

    1989-06-01

    Low-resolution IUE SWP spectra of the peculiar object LMC Anonymous (Sanduleak's Star) indicates strong evidence for CNO-processed nebula in the vicinity of the star. The far-UV spectrum of LMC Anonymous closely resembles that of the S Condensation of Eta Carinae. The similarity between LMC Anonymous and the S Condensation is apparent from the absolute intensity of the N V, semiforbidden N IV, and semiforbidden N III emission lines compared with the reduced strength of C IV or semiforbidden C III emission. IUE spectra of the S Condensation and SN 1987A may provide important clues concerning the nature of LMC Anonymous,more » which indicates departures from normal cosmic abundances of nitrogen relative to carbon that are extreme. This may suggest that carbon envelope burning and dredge-up occurred simultaneously during the helium-burning stage. 25 refs.« less

  8. Spectroscopical Study of Faint Southern Cepheids with Southern African Large Telescope (salt). First Results.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Usenko, I. A.; Kniazev, A. Yu.; Kovtyukh, V. V.; Belik, S. I.; Berdnikov, L. N.

    First Cepheids observations using echelle-spectrograph HRS fed by Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) were realized during 2016. All spectra have been obtained in the medium resoltion mode (R≍ 31000-41000) wth high S/N ratio near 50-220. All data were processed using package developed by authors based on the standard system of astronomical data reduction MIDAS. Using new echelle data we found the atmosphere parameters and chemical composition for 30 faint Cepheids of southern hemisphere, where for the most of theses stars these results we obtained for the first time. 28 stars are Cepheids after the first-dredge up stage, while ASAS 075842-25336.1 and ASAS 1131714-6605.0 having remarkable Li I 6707.8 Å absorption line and anomalous CNO and Na content could be consider as first crossing of the Cepheids instability strip.

  9. The United States Navy Arctic Roadmap for 2014 to 2030

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-02-01

    of the Oceanographer of the Navy; the Chief of Naval Research; Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command; Commander, Office of Naval...Q3, FY14 Q3, FY15 FY15-18 FY18 2.3.4: Improve traditional meteorological forecast capability in the polar regions through the...CNE Commander Naval Forces Europe CNIC Commander Navy Installations Command CNMOC Commander Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command CNO Chief

  10. Experiments in Error Propagation within Hierarchal Combat Models

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-09-01

    Bayesian Information Criterion CNO Chief of Naval Operations DOE Design of Experiments DOD Department of Defense MANA Map Aware Non-uniform Automata ...ground up” approach. First, it develops a mission-level model for one on one submarine combat in Map Aware Non-uniform Automata (MANA) simulation, an... Automata (MANA), an agent based simulation that can model the different postures of submarines. It feeds the results from MANA into stochastic

  11. 17th International Seapower Symposium

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-06-01

    rewarding, and impactful three days. Throughout its history, the ISS has been an intellectual gathering of friends and shipmates. Former U.S. CNO...you. To my peers and colleagues, welcome to this important Symposium, the seven- teenth of its kind and spanning a history that coincides with many of...There is no inherent conflict between a country’s national interests in maritime security and the greater security of the global com- mons. They are

  12. Dark matter in the local group of galaxies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Morley, P. D.; Buettner, D. J.

    We describe the neutrino flavor (e = electron, μ = muon, τ = tau) masses as mi=e,μ,τ = m + Δmi with |Δmi| m < 1 and probably |Δmi| m ≪ 1. The quantity m is the degenerate neutrino mass. Because neutrino flavor is not a quantum number, this degenerate mass appears in the neutrino equation-of-state [P. D. Morley and D. J. Buettner, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D (2014), doi:10.1142/s0218271815500042.]. We apply a Monte Carlo computational physics technique to the Local Group (LG) of galaxies to determine an approximate location for a Dark Matter embedding Condensed Neutrino Object (CNO) [P. D. Morley and D. J. Buettner, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D (2016), doi:10.1142/s0218271816500899.]. The calculation is based on the rotational properties of the only spiral galaxies within the LG: M31, M33 and the Milky Way. CNOs could be the Dark Matter everyone is looking for and we estimate the CNO embedding the LG to have a mass 5.17 × 1015 M⊙ and a radius 1.316 Mpc, with the estimated value of m ≃ 0.8 eV/c2. The up-coming KATRIN experiment [https://www.katrin.kit.edu.] will either be the definitive result or eliminate condensed neutrinos as a Dark Matter candidate.

  13. First Evidence of pep Solar Neutrinos by Direct Detection in Borexino

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bellini, G.; Benziger, J.; Bick, D.; Bonetti, S.; Bonfini, G.; Bravo, D.; Buizza Avanzini, M.; Caccianiga, B.; Cadonati, L.; Calaprice, F.; Carraro, C.; Cavalcante, P.; Chavarria, A.; Chepurnov, A.; D'Angelo, D.; Davini, S.; Derbin, A.; Etenko, A.; Fomenko, K.; Franco, D.; Galbiati, C.; Gazzana, S.; Ghiano, C.; Giammarchi, M.; Goeger-Neff, M.; Goretti, A.; Grandi, L.; Guardincerri, E.; Hardy, S.; Ianni, Aldo; Ianni, Andrea; Korablev, D.; Korga, G.; Koshio, Y.; Kryn, D.; Laubenstein, M.; Lewke, T.; Litvinovich, E.; Loer, B.; Lombardi, F.; Lombardi, P.; Ludhova, L.; Machulin, I.; Manecki, S.; Maneschg, W.; Manuzio, G.; Meindl, Q.; Meroni, E.; Miramonti, L.; Misiaszek, M.; Montanari, D.; Mosteiro, P.; Muratova, V.; Oberauer, L.; Obolensky, M.; Ortica, F.; Otis, K.; Pallavicini, M.; Papp, L.; Perasso, L.; Perasso, S.; Pocar, A.; Quirk, J.; Raghavan, R. S.; Ranucci, G.; Razeto, A.; Re, A.; Romani, A.; Sabelnikov, A.; Saldanha, R.; Salvo, C.; Schönert, S.; Simgen, H.; Skorokhvatov, M.; Smirnov, O.; Sotnikov, A.; Sukhotin, S.; Suvorov, Y.; Tartaglia, R.; Testera, G.; Vignaud, D.; Vogelaar, R. B.; von Feilitzsch, F.; Winter, J.; Wojcik, M.; Wright, A.; Wurm, M.; Xu, J.; Zaimidoroga, O.; Zavatarelli, S.; Zuzel, G.

    2012-02-01

    We observed, for the first time, solar neutrinos in the 1.0-1.5 MeV energy range. We determined the rate of pep solar neutrino interactions in Borexino to be 3.1±0.6stat±0.3systcounts/(day·100ton). Assuming the pep neutrino flux predicted by the standard solar model, we obtained a constraint on the CNO solar neutrino interaction rate of <7.9counts/(day·100ton) (95% C.L.). The absence of the solar neutrino signal is disfavored at 99.97% C.L., while the absence of the pep signal is disfavored at 98% C.L. The necessary sensitivity was achieved by adopting data analysis techniques for the rejection of cosmogenic C11, the dominant background in the 1-2 MeV region. Assuming the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein large mixing angle solution to solar neutrino oscillations, these values correspond to solar neutrino fluxes of (1.6±0.3)×108cm-2s-1 and <7.7×108cm-2s-1 (95% C.L.), respectively, in agreement with both the high and low metallicity standard solar models. These results represent the first direct evidence of the pep neutrino signal and the strongest constraint of the CNO solar neutrino flux to date.

  14. Cospatial Longslit UV-Optical Spectra of Ten Galactic Planetary Nebulae with HST STIS: Description of observations, global emission-line measurements, and empirical CNO abundances

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dufour, R. J.; Kwitter, K. B.; Shaw, R. A.; Balick, B.; Henry, R. B. C.; Miller, T. R.; Corradi, R. L. M.

    2015-01-01

    This poster describes details of HST Cycle 19 (program GO 12600), which was awarded 32 orbits of observing time with STIS to obtain the first cospatial UV-optical spectra of 10 Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe). The observational goal was to measure the UV emission lines of carbon and nitrogen with unprecedented S/N and wavelength and spatial resolution along the disk of each object over a wavelength range 1150-10270 Ang . The PNe were chosen such that each possessed a near-solar metallicity but the group together spanned a broad range in N/O. This poster concentrates on describing the observations, emission-line measurements integrated along the entire slit lengths, ionic abundances, and estimated total elemental abundances using empirical ionization correction factors and the ELSA code. Related posters by co-authors in this session concentrate on analyzing CNO abundances, progenitor masses and nebular properties of the best-observed targets using photoionization modeling of the global emission-line measurements [Henry et al.] or detailed analyses of spatial variations in electron temperatures, densities, and abundances along the sub arcsecond resolution slits [Miller et al. & Shaw et al.]. We gratefully acknowledge AURA/STScI for the GO 12600 program support, both observational and financial.

  15. Synthesis of C-rich dust in CO nova outbursts

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    José, Jordi; Halabi, Ghina M.; El Eid, Mounib F.

    2016-09-01

    Context. Classical novae are thermonuclear explosions that take place in the envelopes of accreting white dwarfs in stellar binary systems. The material transferred onto the white dwarf piles up under degenerate conditions, driving a thermonuclear runaway. In these outbursts, about 10-7-10-3 M⊙, enriched in CNO and sometimes other intermediate-mass elements (e.g., Ne, Na, Mg, or Al for ONe novae) are ejected into the interstellar medium. The large concentrations of metals spectroscopically inferred in the nova ejecta reveal that the solar-like material transferred from the secondary mixes with the outermost layers of the underlying white dwarf. Aims: Most theoretical models of nova outbursts reported to date yield, on average, outflows characterized by O > C, from which, in principle, only oxidized condensates (e.g., O-rich grains) would be expected. Methods: To specifically address whether CO novae can actually produce C-rich dust, six different hydrodynamic nova models have been evolved, from accretion to the expansion and ejection stages, with different choices for the composition of the substrate with which the solar-like accreted material mixes. Updated chemical profiles inside the H-exhausted core have been used, based on stellar evolution calculations for a progenitor of 8 M⊙ through H- and He-burning phases. Results: We show that these profiles lead to C-rich ejecta after the nova outburst. This extends the possible contribution of novae to the inventory of presolar grains identified in meteorites, particularly in a number of carbonaceous phases (I.e., nanodiamonds, silicon carbides, and graphites).

  16. Impact of multiple frequency scattering on GNSS performance under adverse ionospheric conditions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Das, Aditi; Paul, Ashik

    One of the major deterrents to successful implementation of SBAS may be linked to sharp latitudinal gradients of ionization occurring during the daytime and intense Space Weather events in the post sunset hours, affecting transionospheric satellite links particularly in the equatorial region. These phenomena have the potential to cause serious damage to the technological infrastructure on which society relies. GPS modernization program is focused on addition of a new navigation signal L5 to the GPS constellation. The L5 is exclusively reserved for aviation navigation services and is designed with a protected spectrum, higher power, and greater bandwidth to support life-critical and high performance applications. Overall robustness of this dual-frequency mechanism to ionospheric scintillations could be ascertained through a study of correlated scintillations. Understanding the correlation of signal fades across two frequencies is important to assess their collective mitigation effectiveness. The Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) will operate at L1 (1575.42 MHz), L5 (1176.45 MHz) and S-band (2492.42 MHz) frequencies. A multi-constellation, multi-frequency GNSS receiver is operational at University of Calcutta, Calcutta, India (22.58deg N, 88.38deg E geographic; magnetic dip: 32deg N) since April 2013. Special emphasis was given to analyzing signals from satellite vehicles equipped to transmit L5 frequency. On April 12, 2013, amplitude scintillation and associated fluctuations in carrier-to-noise ratios (CNO) were noted on SV1 link during 14:15-14:50UT from Calcutta. The S4 indices at the three frequencies, L1, L2 and L5, were affected to different extent with L2 and L5 values showing close correspondence and L1 suffering least scintillations. Correlation coefficient of S4 and carrier-to-noise ratios (CNO) between different combination of frequencies (L1:L2, L2:L5; L1:L5) were calculated at 3 minutes interval during periods of scintillation. As L2 and L5 frequencies are closely spaced, their correlation coeffcients show good correspondence. It was observed that the response of L2 and L5 are nearly correlated. But correlation coefficients of L1:L5 and L1:L2 are low during scintillations and shows good correspondence with CNO fades. Similar effects were observed on the SV24 link on April 13, 2013 and on SV1 link on April 16, 2013. During October 2013, scintillations were observed at L1, L2 and L5 on the SV25 and 27 links on October 13, 2013, on the SV25 link on October 18, 2013, SV27 link on October 19, 2013 and SV1 and 27 links on October 21, 2013 respectively. Uncorrelated values of S4 and CNO fluctuations at L1:L2 and L1:L5 indicate different scattering mechanisms even within the same L-band possibly due to dynamic evolving nature of equatorial ionospheric irregularities. This issue is of serious concern in view of application of frequency diversity techniques for scintillation mitigation.

  17. Indium-loaded Liquid Scintillator for the Low Energy Neutrino Spectrometer (LENS)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hu, Liangming; Hans, Sunej; Rosero, Richard; Beriguete, Wanda; Chan, Wai Ting; Cumming, James; Yeh, Minfang; Roundtree, Derek; Vogelaar, Bruce

    2012-03-01

    The Chemistry Department at Brookhaven National Laboratory has a long history of neutrino research since Ray Davis's Homestake experiment. The Solar Neutrino and Nuclear Chemistry group has been successfully building large neutrino detectors over the past decade for various physics experiments, using tens to hundreds of tons of liquid scintillator. Among them, LENS aims to use 8% indium-loaded LS (In-LS, first investigated by Raghavan in the 1970s) for a real-time measurement of over 95% of sub-MeV solar neutrinos, mainly from pp-, CNO-, and ^7Be-processes. A nearly background-free spectral image from neutrino interactions on ^115In can be obtained via a triple coincidence tag in space and time. LENS detector R&D has made major progress in the recent years. The development of In-LS, in collaboration with Virginia Tech, now meets the challenging requirements of light yield, optical clarity, and chemical stability; and the collaboration is in the process of building a 410-L prototype (miniLENS). In this talk, the preparation and properties of In-LS for the miniLENS detector will be presented.

  18. Study of acoustic fingerprinting of nitromethane and some triazole derivatives using UV 266 nm pulsed photoacoustic pyrolysis technique

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rao, K. S.; Chaudhary, A. K.; Yehya, F.; Kumar, A. Sudheer

    2015-08-01

    We report a comparative study of acoustic fingerprints of nitromethane, nitrobenzene and some nitro rich triazole derivatives using pulsed photoacoustic technique. UV 266 nm wavelength i.e. Fourth harmonic of Q-switched Nd: YAG laser having pulse duration 7 ns and 10 Hz repetition rate is employed to record the time resolved PA spectrum. The PA fingerprint is produced due to absorption of incident UV light by molecule itself and photo dissociation of nitromethane and nitrobenzene at room temperature while in case of triazole it is attributed to the combination of thermal and photo-dissociation process. The entire dissociation process follows the root of cleavage of C-NO2 bond to produce free NO, NO2 and other by product gases due to π∗ ← n excitation. In addition, we have studied the thermal stability criteria of nitro rich triazoles based on the quality factor of acoustic resonance frequencies of the PA cavity. We have also studied the effect of data acquisition time to ascertain the decay behavior of HEMs samples.

  19. Planetary nebulae: 20 years of Hubble inquiry

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Balick, Bruce

    2012-08-01

    The Hubble Space Telescope has served the critical roles of microscope and movie camera in the past 20 years of research on planetary nebulae (``PNe''). We have glimpsed the details of the evolving structures of neutral and ionized post-AGB objects, built ingenious heuristic models that mimic these structures, and constrained most of the relevant physical processes with careful observations and interpretation. We have searched for close physical binary stars with spatial resolution ~50 AU at 1 AU, located jets emerging from the nucleus at speeds up to 2000 km s-1 and matched newly discovered molecular and X-ray emission regions to physical substructures in order to better understand how stellar winds and ionizing radiation interact to form the lovely symmetries that are observed. Ultraviolet spectra of CNO in PNe help to uncover how stars process deep inside AGB stars with unstable nuclear burning zones. HST broadband imaging has been at the forefront of uncovering surprisingly complex wind morphologies produced at the tip of the AGB, and has led to an increasing realization of the potentially vital roles of close binary stars and emerging magnetic fields in shaping stellar winds.

  20. CNO Processing in Massive Algol Binaries

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wade, Richard A.

    1998-01-01

    This program, used ultraviolet observations by the IUE Observatory along with other tools to search for abundance anomalies indicative of CNO processing in the secondary (mass-donating) stars of six interacting binary systems. Related IUE-based activities were also undertaken under this grant. Two Supplements to the grant were awarded. Supplement No. 1 was in connection with the NASA Grant Supplements for Education program, for a workshop for elementary school science teachers. The two sessions of the workshop were held October 24 and November 14, 1992. Eighteen school teachers from central Pennsylvania, grades 1-7, participated in the workshop, for which they received one unit of in-service training credit from their Intermediate Unit. Supplement No. 2 was awarded for additional IUE observations of the Algol stars V342 Aql and TU Mon. Observations of all six candidate stars were made with IUE, and attention was narrowed to TU Mon in particular, for which further IUE observations were made using Director's discretionary time. Observations of TU Mon were also carried out with the Voyager UV spectrometers, and optical spectroscopy was obtained on several occasions at Penn State's Black Moshannon Observatory. Photometric data on TU Mon were acquired by Dr. Paul Etzel at Mt. Laguna Observatory (MLO). McGouldrick was employed part-time during the Fall academic semester to assist in accessing the IUE Archive, and to correlate data on some cataclysmic variables and related objects that were observed with both IUE and the Voyager Far Ultraviolet Spectrometers. Approximately 21 relevant binary systems were observed with the Voyager UVS over the past decade, and a paper is being prepared for eventual publication that will serve as an index to the UVS data archive on these stars, providing observation dates, mean count rates in far and extreme UV bands, and a discussion of the relevant literature concerning the far UV behavior (including correlative IUE information from the archive and the literature). Much of the activity under the grant was in connection with V342 Aquilae, a 3.39 day Algol system thought to be in a state of rapid mass transfer. The goal was to combine optical and ultraviolet data to arrive at a robust, informative interpretation of this unique binary system. Complete orbital phase coverage of V342 Aql was obtained spectroscopically and photometrically.

  1. CNO Processing in Massive Algol Binaries

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wade, Richard A.

    1998-08-01

    This program, used ultraviolet observations by the IUE Observatory along with other tools to search for abundance anomalies indicative of CNO processing in the secondary (mass-donating) stars of six interacting binary systems. Related IUE-based activities were also undertaken under this grant. Two Supplements to the grant were awarded. Supplement No. 1 was in connection with the NASA Grant Supplements for Education program, for a workshop for elementary school science teachers. The two sessions of the workshop were held October 24 and November 14, 1992. Eighteen school teachers from central Pennsylvania, grades 1-7, participated in the workshop, for which they received one unit of in-service training credit from their Intermediate Unit. Supplement No. 2 was awarded for additional IUE observations of the Algol stars V342 Aql and TU Mon. Observations of all six candidate stars were made with IUE, and attention was narrowed to TU Mon in particular, for which further IUE observations were made using Director's discretionary time. Observations of TU Mon were also carried out with the Voyager UV spectrometers, and optical spectroscopy was obtained on several occasions at Penn State's Black Moshannon Observatory. Photometric data on TU Mon were acquired by Dr. Paul Etzel at Mt. Laguna Observatory (MLO). McGouldrick was employed part-time during the Fall academic semester to assist in accessing the IUE Archive, and to correlate data on some cataclysmic variables and related objects that were observed with both IUE and the Voyager Far Ultraviolet Spectrometers. Approximately 21 relevant binary systems were observed with the Voyager UVS over the past decade, and a paper is being prepared for eventual publication that will serve as an index to the UVS data archive on these stars, providing observation dates, mean count rates in far and extreme UV bands, and a discussion of the relevant literature concerning the far UV behavior (including correlative IUE information from the archive and the literature). Much of the activity under the grant was in connection with V342 Aquilae, a 3.39 day Algol system thought to be in a state of rapid mass transfer. The goal was to combine optical and ultraviolet data to arrive at a robust, informative interpretation of this unique binary system. Complete orbital phase coverage of V342 Aql was obtained spectroscopically and photometrically.

  2. An Analysis of CNO Availability Performance Metrics and Their Relation to Availability Performance

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-06-01

    burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching...2. Decide how to exploit the constraint. 3. Subordinate everything else to the above decision. 4 . Restructure the system to exploit the system’s...15 work items. 4 . Significance of WIP Management Along with the production bow wave, WIP is actively managed but not directly controlled like

  3. Organizing OPNAV (1970-2009). Revision 2

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-01-01

    Naval Operations, (N4) Deputy Chief of Naval Operations, (N8) Director, Navy Staff Commander, Fleet Forces Command President , Naval War College... President , Naval Postgraduate School Subj: STUDY "ORGANIZING OPNAV, 1970-2009" Encl: (1) copy "Organizing OPNAV, 1970-2009" 1. The Naval History and...office. Completion of this study is timed to coincide with the upcoming 100th anniversary of the 1915 creation of the position of CNO by President

  4. IWO JIMA Campaign - Special Action Report

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1946-01-01

    John L. Hurd, (337386), USMCR. Private First Class Samuel J. IMfl, (480055) USMICR. Private First Class Harlan E. Fa?_oj, (3212 43),USMC. Pharmacist Mate...USNR. Pharmacist Mateo Third Class Frank T. Austin, (826-24-99), USmN. Private First Class Eu-cno J. Cousin, (517406),US1ICR. Private First Class...Field Artillery Group consists of a medical officer (Lieut.Comdr.) and four Hospital corpsman (olie Chief Pharmacist ’iatc, and three Pharmacist

  5. Design Concepts for Semi-Open-Bay Barracks for Use by Navy ’A’ School Students.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-08-01

    information was sought from other organizations on lessons learned in designing and managing housing facilities for unaccompanied personnel. Trends...military learning started in recruit training, the CNO on 1 October 1979 established the Integrated Training Brigade (ITB). The objectives of the ITB were...continue practicing clothes folding which was learned as part of the regular routine in recruit training. The walkways between buildings are student

  6. USSR and Eastern Europe Scientific Abstracts, Physics and Mathematics, Number 36

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1977-07-06

    Russian, 2 Western. Calorimetry USSR COMBUSTION OF EXPLOSIVE COMPOUNDS WITH NITROGEN-NITROGEN BONDS Novosibirsk FIZIKA GORENIYA I VZRYVA in...trinitrosoamine was studied. The function U(IQ) was determined for some of these compounds (-80 - + 150°C) and the thermocouples embedded in the compounds at...method of calculation is apparently applicable to analysis of nitro esters and nitro compounds with the C-NO2 bond in the region of kinetically

  7. Standard Procedures for Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation. Volume I. Appendices

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1974-10-01

    Participates in selected tests data for assessment of suitability Participates in the intepretation of and effectiveness, as practicable tet results...selected tests Interprels test results Inteprets test resultst ReplRorts to CNO the results of the "eports independent operational TI’ECIIEVAL assessment" v... films , lists, tapes, drawings, specifications. parts breakdowns, ctc. RAW DATA; ’The original form of data at the time it was recorded. DATA

  8. Investigation of the Potential for Increased use of Civilian Manning in Fleet Support Ships. Volume 2. Narrative

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1978-02-10

    Contract Number N00014-77-C-0016 Enclosure (1) to CNO LTR Ser 96/S590196 DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ...The changes in numbers of military and commercial contract personnel were obtained by subtracting (3) from (1) and (4) from...Commercial Contract maiming F = Full Capability P = Partial Capability L = Lost Capability . -- ’■ -. • NOTE: Subscripts denote the number of

  9. 2016 Visionary Leader: Bob Dent.

    PubMed

    Bredimus, Brandon Kit

    2017-01-01

    The following manuscript is the winning Richard Hader Visionary Leader 2016 entry submitted to Nursing Management in recognition of Dr. Bob Dent, DNP, MBA, RN, NEA-BC, CENP, FACHE, senior vice president, chief operating officer, and CNO for Midland Memorial Hospital in Midland, Tex. Dr. Dent was formally recognized for his achievements before the Keynote Address at Congress2016, November 8, in Las Vegas, Nev. There, he received the award, sponsored by Hackensack Meridian Health.

  10. Hot Accretion Spots and Nitrogen Enhancement in Algol-Type Interacting Binary Systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Peters, Geraldine J.

    2013-07-01

    The shock from the impact of a gas stream onto the photosphere of a mass gainer in an Algol system is expected to produce a hot spot and also heat circumstellar material that is splashed from the impact site. Furthermore in some cases we expect the stripped-down mass loser (a late-type subgiant) to be nitrogen rich and carbon poor if CNO-processed material is currently being transferred. I will present observational evidence from the Kepler and FUSE spacecrafts for the presence of hot spots and discuss their behavior. FUSE observations of Algols that convincingly show that the gas stream material from some Algol secondaries is N-enhanced and virtually devoid of carbon is also presented. From Kepler data we have identified a long-term phenomenon in which the relative brightness of the quadrature light varies by a few percent and numerically reverses over a time scale of about a 100-400 days. We call the systems T/L (trailing hemisphere/leading hemisphere) variables. Such behavior has never been identified from ground-based photometry. WX Draconis (A8 + K0 IV, P = 1.80 d), a system whose primary displays delta Scuti-like pulsations, is the prototype. The Kepler light curves are being modeled with the latest version of the Wilson-Devinney program that includes the capability of treating migrating hot/cool spots. I will discuss whether the T/L behavior is likely due to a migrating hot accretion spot on the primary or variability in a large cool-spotted area on the secondary. From archival FUSE data we have confirmed the presence of a hot accretion spot in the Algol system U Cephei and present information on the spot parameters/behavior and conditions in a splash plasma from the impact site. Kepler and archival FUSE observations continue to provide important information on the nature of the component stars in Algol systems and the detailed physics of mass transfer, especially the role of accretion hot spots. We are grateful for support from NASA grants NNX11AC78G and NNX12AE44G.

  11. Optical spectroscopy of the blue supergiant Sk-69° 279 and its circumstellar shell with SALT

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gvaramadze, V. V.; Kniazev, A. Y.; Maryeva, O. V.; Berdnikov, L. N.

    2018-02-01

    We report the results of optical spectroscopy of the blue supergiant Sk-69° 279 and its circular shell in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) with the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT). We classify Sk-69° 279 as an O9.2 Iaf star and analyse its spectrum by using the stellar atmosphere code CMFGEN, obtaining a stellar temperature of ≈30 kK, a luminosity of log (L*/ L⊙) = 5.54, a mass-loss rate of log (\\dot{M}/ M_{⊙} yr^{-1}) = -5.26, and a wind velocity of 800km s-1. We found also that Sk-69° 279 possesses an extended atmosphere with an effective temperature of ≈24 kK and that its surface helium and nitrogen abundances are enhanced, respectively, by factors of ≈2 and 20-30. This suggests that either Sk-69° 279 was initially a (single) fast-rotating ( ≳ 400 km s- 1) star, which only recently evolved off the main sequence, or that it is a product of close binary evolution. The long-slit spectroscopy of the shell around Sk-69° 279 revealed that its nitrogen abundance is enhanced by the same factor as the stellar atmosphere, which implies that the shell is composed mostly of the CNO processed material lost by the star. Our findings support previous propositions that some massive stars can produce compact circumstellar shells and, presumably, appear as luminous blue variables while they are still on the main sequence or have only recently left it.

  12. The MiMeS survey of magnetism in massive stars: CNO surface abundances of Galactic O stars

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Martins, F.; Hervé, A.; Bouret, J.-C.; Marcolino, W.; Wade, G. A.; Neiner, C.; Alecian, E.; Grunhut, J.; Petit, V.

    2015-03-01

    Context. The evolution of massive stars is still partly unconstrained. Mass, metallicity, mass loss, and rotation are the main drivers of stellar evolution. Binarity and the magnetic field may also significantly affect the fate of massive stars. Aims: Our goal is to investigate the evolution of single O stars in the Galaxy. Methods: For that, we used a sample of 74 objects comprising all luminosity classes and spectral types from O4 to O9.7. We relied on optical spectroscopy obtained in the context of the MiMeS survey of massive stars. We performed spectral modelling with the code CMFGEN. We determined the surface properties of the sample stars, with special emphasis on abundances of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Results: Most of our sample stars have initial masses in the range of 20 to 50 M⊙. We show that nitrogen is more enriched and carbon and oxygen are more depleted in supergiants than in dwarfs, with giants showing intermediate degrees of mixing. CNO abundances are observed in the range of values predicted by nucleosynthesis through the CNO cycle. More massive stars, within a given luminosity class, appear to be more chemically enriched than lower mass stars. We compare our results with predictions of three types of evolutionary models and show that for two sets of models, 80% of our sample can be explained by stellar evolution including rotation. The effect of magnetism on surface abundances is unconstrained. Conclusions: Our study indicates that in the 20-50 M⊙ mass range, the surface chemical abundances of most single O stars in the Galaxy are fairly well accounted for by stellar evolution of rotating stars. Based on observations obtained at 1) the Telescope Bernard Lyot (USR5026) operated by the Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France; 2) at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut National des Science de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii; 3) at the ESO/La Silla Observatory under program ID 187.D-0917.

  13. RFID as a Tool in Cyber Warfare

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-11-01

    RTO-MP-IST-091 P4 - 1 RFID as a Tool in Cyber Warfare Mikko Kiviharju P.O.Box 10 FIN-11311 Riihimaki FINLAND mikko.kiviharju@mil.fi...auditing existing systems and planning new establishments. 1 INTRODUCTION Cyber warfare , especially computer network operations (CNO) have a deep...SUBTITLE RFID as a Tool in Cyber Warfare 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK

  14. Operation CROSSROADS-1946

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-05-01

    design as the one that had been dropped on Nagasaki, Japan. Each had a yield of 23 KT (the equivalent of 23,000 tons of TNT). This weapon type had been...tional control of the Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Fleet (CINCPACFLT). On 3 June 1947, CNO sent a dispatch to CINIPACFLT designating three ships for...addition berths near Eneu Island designated by letters or their phonetic equivalent , e.g., Able for A, Jig for J. Oboe for 0, etc. Figure A.1 shows the

  15. Navy Force Structure: A Bigger Fleet Background and Issues for Congress

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-11-09

    sometimes faced in meeting requests from the various regional U.S. military commanders for day -to- day , in-region presence of forward-deployed Navy ships...various regional U.S. military commanders for day -to- day in-region presence of forward-deployed Navy ships. 8 To help meet requests for forward...Jane’s 360, February 2, 2016. 8 See, for example, Justin Doubleday, “CNO: High Optempo Hindering Seven-Month Deployment Goal,” Inside the Navy

  16. Effects of chemogenetic excitation or inhibition of the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray on the acquisition and extinction of Pavlovian fear conditioning.

    PubMed

    Arico, Carolyn; Bagley, Elena E; Carrive, Pascal; Assareh, Neda; McNally, Gavan P

    2017-10-01

    The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) has been implicated in the generation and transmission of a prediction error signal that instructs amygdala-based fear and extinction learning. However, the PAG also plays a key role in the expression of conditioned fear responses. The evidence for a role of the PAG in fear learning and extinction learning has been obtained almost exclusively using PAG-dependent fear responses. It is less clear whether the PAG regulates fear learning when other measures of learned fear are used. Here we combined a chemogenetic approach, permitting excitation or inhibition of neurons in the ventrolateral PAG (VLPAG), with conditioned suppression as the measure of learned fear to assess the role of VLPAG in the acquisition and extinction of fear learning. We show that chemogenetic excitation of VLPAG (with some encroachment on lateral PAG [LPAG]) impairs acquisition of fear and, conversely, chemogenetic inhibition impairs extinction of fear. These effects on fear and extinction learning were specific to the combination of DREADD expression and injection of CNO because they were observed relative to both eYFP controls injected with CNO as well as DREADD expressing controls injected with vehicle. Taken together, these results show that activity of L/VLPAG neurons regulates both the acquisition and extinction of Pavlovian fear learning. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. Event-by-event pseudo-rapidity fluctuations in high energy nucleus-nucleus interactions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bhattacharyya, Swarnapratim; Haiduc, Maria; Neagu, Alina Tania; Firu, Elena

    2013-10-01

    A detailed study of event-by-event pseudo-rapidity fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions in terms of the Φ measure and its multiplicity and target dependence has been carried out for heavy (AgBr) and light (CNO) groups of targets present in the nuclear emulsion using O16 (at an incident momentum of 4.5 A GeV/c), Ne22 (at an incident momentum of 4.1 A GeV/c), Si28 (at an incident momentum of 4.5 A GeV/c) and S32 (at an incident momentum of 4.5 A GeV/c) projectiles. For all the interactions, the total ensemble of events has been divided into three overlapping multiplicity classes depending on the number of shower particles. For all the interactions and for each multiplicity class, the Φ values are found to be greater than zero indicating the presence of strong correlation in the multiparticle production at Dubna energy. The measured Φ values are found to decrease with the increase of average multiplicity for all the interactions. The Φ values for the AgBr target are found to be greater than that for the CNO target for all the projectiles. This observation indicates the presence of stronger correlation for heavier projectiles. The experimental results have been compared with the modified FRITIOF model. It has been seen that the modified FRITIOF model cannot reproduce the experimental results.

  18. Dissociation dynamics of 3- and 4-nitrotoluene radical cations: Coherently driven C-NO2 bond homolysis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ampadu Boateng, Derrick; Gutsev, Gennady L.; Jena, Puru; Tibbetts, Katharine Moore

    2018-04-01

    Monosubstituted nitrotoluenes serve as important model compounds for nitroaromatic energetic molecules such as trinitrotoluene. This work investigates the ultrafast nuclear dynamics of 3- and 4-nitrotoluene radical cations using femtosecond pump-probe measurements and the results of density functional theory calculations. Strong-field adiabatic ionization of 3- and 4-nitrotoluene using 1500 nm, 18 fs pulses produces radical cations in the ground electronic state with distinct coherent vibrational excitations. In both nitrotoluene isomers, a one-photon excitation with the probe pulse results in NO2 loss to form C7H7+, which exhibits out-of-phase oscillations in yield with the parent molecular ion. The oscillations in 4-nitrotoluene with a period of 470 fs are attributed to the torsional motion of the NO2 group based on theoretical results showing that the dominant relaxation pathway in 4-nitrotoluene radical cations involves the rotation of the NO2 group away from the planar geometry. The distinctly faster oscillation period of 216 fs in 3-nitrotoluene is attributed to an in-plane bending motion of the NO2 and CH3 moieties based on analysis of the normal modes. These results demonstrate that coherent nuclear motions determine the probability of C-NO2 homolysis in the nitrotoluene radical cations upon optical excitation within several hundred femtoseconds of the initial ionization event.

  19. First evidence of pep solar neutrinos by direct detection in Borexino.

    PubMed

    Bellini, G; Benziger, J; Bick, D; Bonetti, S; Bonfini, G; Bravo, D; Buizza Avanzini, M; Caccianiga, B; Cadonati, L; Calaprice, F; Carraro, C; Cavalcante, P; Chavarria, A; Chepurnov, A; D'Angelo, D; Davini, S; Derbin, A; Etenko, A; Fomenko, K; Franco, D; Galbiati, C; Gazzana, S; Ghiano, C; Giammarchi, M; Goeger-Neff, M; Goretti, A; Grandi, L; Guardincerri, E; Hardy, S; Ianni, Aldo; Ianni, Andrea; Korablev, D; Korga, G; Koshio, Y; Kryn, D; Laubenstein, M; Lewke, T; Litvinovich, E; Loer, B; Lombardi, F; Lombardi, P; Ludhova, L; Machulin, I; Manecki, S; Maneschg, W; Manuzio, G; Meindl, Q; Meroni, E; Miramonti, L; Misiaszek, M; Montanari, D; Mosteiro, P; Muratova, V; Oberauer, L; Obolensky, M; Ortica, F; Otis, K; Pallavicini, M; Papp, L; Perasso, L; Perasso, S; Pocar, A; Quirk, J; Raghavan, R S; Ranucci, G; Razeto, A; Re, A; Romani, A; Sabelnikov, A; Saldanha, R; Salvo, C; Schönert, S; Simgen, H; Skorokhvatov, M; Smirnov, O; Sotnikov, A; Sukhotin, S; Suvorov, Y; Tartaglia, R; Testera, G; Vignaud, D; Vogelaar, R B; von Feilitzsch, F; Winter, J; Wojcik, M; Wright, A; Wurm, M; Xu, J; Zaimidoroga, O; Zavatarelli, S; Zuzel, G

    2012-02-03

    We observed, for the first time, solar neutrinos in the 1.0-1.5 MeV energy range. We determined the rate of pep solar neutrino interactions in Borexino to be 3.1±0.6{stat}±0.3{syst}  counts/(day·100  ton). Assuming the pep neutrino flux predicted by the standard solar model, we obtained a constraint on the CNO solar neutrino interaction rate of <7.9  counts/(day·100  ton) (95% C.L.). The absence of the solar neutrino signal is disfavored at 99.97% C.L., while the absence of the pep signal is disfavored at 98% C.L. The necessary sensitivity was achieved by adopting data analysis techniques for the rejection of cosmogenic {11}C, the dominant background in the 1-2 MeV region. Assuming the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein large mixing angle solution to solar neutrino oscillations, these values correspond to solar neutrino fluxes of (1.6±0.3)×10{8}  cm{-2} s^{-1} and <7.7×10{8}  cm{-2} s{-1} (95% C.L.), respectively, in agreement with both the high and low metallicity standard solar models. These results represent the first direct evidence of the pep neutrino signal and the strongest constraint of the CNO solar neutrino flux to date.

  20. Cross section measurement of 14N(p ,γ )15O in the CNO cycle

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Q.; Görres, J.; deBoer, R. J.; Imbriani, G.; Best, A.; Kontos, A.; LeBlanc, P. J.; Uberseder, E.; Wiescher, M.

    2016-05-01

    Background: The CNO cycle is the main energy source in stars more massive than our sun; it defines the energy production and the cycle time that lead to the lifetime of massive stars, and it is an important tool for the determination of the age of globular clusters. In our sun about 1.6% of the total solar neutrino flux comes from the CNO cycle. The largest uncertainty in the prediction of this CNO flux from the standard solar model comes from the uncertainty in the 14N(p ,γ )15O reaction rate; thus, the determination of the cross section at astrophysical temperatures is of great interest. Purpose: The total cross section of the 14N(p ,γ )15O reaction has large contributions from the transitions to the Ex=6.79 MeV excited state and the ground state of 15O. The Ex=6.79 MeV transition is dominated by radiative direct capture, while the ground state is a complex mixture of direct and resonance capture components and the interferences between them. Recent studies have concentrated on cross-section measurements at very low energies, but broad resonances at higher energy may also play a role. A single measurement has been made that covers a broad higher-energy range but it has large uncertainties stemming from uncorrected summing effects. Furthermore, the extrapolations of the cross section vary significantly depending on the data sets considered. Thus, new direct measurements have been made to improve the previous high-energy studies and to better constrain the extrapolation. Methods: Measurements were performed at the low-energy accelerator facilities of the nuclear science laboratory at the University of Notre Dame. The cross section was measured over the proton energy range from Ep=0.7 to 3.6 MeV for both the ground state and the Ex=6.79 MeV transitions at θlab=0∘ , 45∘, 90∘, 135∘, and 150∘. Both TiN and implanted-14N targets were utilized. γ rays were detected by using an array of high-purity germanium detectors. Results: The excitation function as well as angular distributions of the two transitions were measured. A multichannel R -matrix analysis was performed with the present data and is compared with previous measurements. The analysis covers a wide energy range so that the contributions from broad resonances and direct capture can be better constrained. Conclusion: The astrophysical S factors of the Ex=6.79 MeV and the ground-state transitions were extrapolated to low energies with the newly measured differential-cross-section data. Based on the present work, the extrapolations yield S6.79(0 ) =1.29 ±0.04 (stat ) ±0.09 (syst ) keV b and Sg.s.(0 ) =0.42 ±0.04 (stat ) keV b . While significant improvement and consistency is found in modeling the Ex=6.79 MeV transition, large inconsistencies in both the R -matrix fitting and the low-energy data are reaffirmed for the ground-state transition. Reflecting this, a systematic uncertainty of -0.19+0.09keV b is recommended for the ground-state transition.

  1. Breakout reactions from the CNO-cycle

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jisonna, Louis Joseph, Jr.

    Breakout reactions from the CNO cycles leading into the rp -process in explosive stellar hydrogen burning environments have been studied using the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS). Earlier work is reported and summarized with an introduction to the beam, target and detector development in the nuclear astrophysics group at Argonne National Laboratory. The 18 Ne(a,p) 21 Na reaction has been studied via the time inverse reaction p( 21 Na,a) 18 Ne. A 5 × 10^-5 particle nanoamp 21 Na beam was produced at the ATLAS in-flight facility via the p( 21 Ne,n) 21 Na reaction. Cross sections were obtained at five energies covering the region between 9.4 <= E x <= 9.9 MeV in the compound nucleus 22 Mg, and compared with previous measurements. The 19 Ne(p,g) 20 Na reaction was also studied by populating proton unbound states via the 3 He(20 Ne,t) 20 Na* reaction. We have observed for the first time evidence for the g- decay of the astrophysically important 2.645 MeV state in 20 Na. Branching ratios obtained for the first two proton unbound states in 20 Na were G p /G g (2.645 MeV) = [Special characters omitted.] and a lower limit of G p /G g (2.849 MeV) >= 26.0 (1-s CL). The experimental branching ratios were compared with theoretical predictions based on shell-model calculations and on the properties of mirror states in 20 F. Our results favor a J p = 1 + assignment for the 2.645 MeV state and a J p = 3 + for the 2.849 MeV at the 1-s confidence level. Our result also suggests that the resonance strength for radiative capture through the 2.645 MeV state is close to the value og[approximate] 6 meV, in agreement with the value calculated assuming it to be the mirror of the 3.172 MeV intruder state in 20 F with a 6 p2h configuration.

  2. Joint Vision 2010 Command and Control: A Case for Standing Joint Task Forces and Purple Aircraft Carriers

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1998-02-13

    the Department of Joint Military Operations. The contents of this paper reflect my personal views and are not necessarily endorsed by the ...reflect my own personal views and are not necessarily endorsed by the NWC or the Department of the Navy. 14. Ten key words that relate to your paper...Contrast, for example, the redundant following quotes. In one recent article the CNO stressed, The real challenge is in changing our way of

  3. Navy Force Structure: A Bigger Fleet Background and Issues for Congress

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-10-20

    20, 2016; Hope Hodge Seck, “Overtaxed Fleet Needs Shorter Deployments,” Military.com, March 19, 2016; David Larter, “Carrier Scramble: CENTCOM, PACOM...example, Hope Hodge Seck, “CNO: Navy to Hit Seven-Month Deployments by End of Year,” Military.com, February 12, 2016; Chris Church, “Analysts: Truman...Will Harm the Fleet,” Navy Times, April 20, 2016; Hope Hodge Seck, “Overtaxed Fleet Needs Shorer Deployments,” Military.com, March 19, 2016; Bryan

  4. Active Range Restoration via Caustic Hydrolysis of Explosively Contaminated Metal Parts

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-05-12

    Ammonia, Formate – Sodium Cyanide  Low concentration (40 ppm)  Well established mitigation options • Primary Comp B off-gas components: – Ammonia, NOx...neutralized • In situ sodium cyanide treatment (D/H Reactor) – Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidizes CN- to CNO- • Analysis of liquid sample for sodium ... cyanide • pH neutralization and hydrolysate thickening – Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) forms buffer – Resulting sodium phosphate thickens to paste Lower

  5. The Influence of the General Board of the Navy on Interwar Destroyer Design

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-06-10

    how the Board refers to using commissioned and crewed new designs and learing from ―experience,‖ this was an obvious reference to the annual Fleet...but also on the stability of the Gleaves-class of 2000 plus tons. Admiral Ernest J. King , the next CNO for the Navy and Commander in Chief of the...over the next few years.186 Admiral King outlined the priorities in the Navy’s two-ocean building program in an important memorandum to the

  6. White Nail Radio Transmitter: Billion Dollar Savings through Energy Efficiency

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-05-10

    increase efficiency and reduce overall energy consumption ashore by 50 percent CNO, Navy Energy Vision, P 10 White Nail Vision Your Cell Phone Cell...Estimated Total Number of transmitters 3,000,000 Estimated total power saved Watt 1,250,000,000 Cell Phone Transmitter Efficiency 1.25 Gigawatts saved...Greenhouse Gas Power 4 1 Energy Navy Use 7.3 Billion kWh White Nail Cell Phone Savings 11 Billion kWh One and a half times!!! Saves the output of four of

  7. Getting a return on investment from spending capital dollars on new beds.

    PubMed

    Hardy, Patsy A

    2004-01-01

    In assessing this bed-purchase process and the resulting return on investment, I identified the following critical success factors related to capital investments: Evaluation of capital equipment for return on investment from the expense side, particularly when looking at use of manpower for critical positions in the organization Evaluation of capital equipment for increasing nursing satisfaction, a factor in addressing the healthcare worker shortage in today's environment Involvement of a representative team to create personal ownership through individuals wanting to take care of something they are involved in purchasing Spin-off timesaving that can be realized through the adage "form follows function" The last factor was found not only in savings of nurse staff time but also in pharmacy time because the weight function on the new beds saved approximately one hour, allowing for speedier calculation of creatinine clearance in antibiotic dosing. Changing my position and perspective was rewarding. The persistence of the CNO and the involvement of the employees made the experience gratifying on a personal level as well.

  8. Abundances in red giant stars - Nitrogen isotopes in carbon-rich molecular envelopes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wannier, P. G.; Andersson, B.-G.; Olofsson, H.; Ukita, N.; Young, K.

    1991-01-01

    Results are presented of millimeter- and submillimeter-wave observations of HCN and HCCCN that were made of the circmustellar envelopes of eight carbon stars, including the two protoplanetary nebulae CRL 618 and CRL 2688. The observations yield a measure of the double ratio (N-14)(C-13)/(N-15)(C-12). Measured C-12/C-13 ratios are used to estimate the N-14/N-15 abundance ratio, with the resulting lower limits in all eight envelopes and possible direct determinations in two envelopes. The two determinations and four of the remaining six lower limits are found to be in excess of the terrestrial value of N-14/N-15 = 272, indicating an evolution of the nitrogen isotope ratio, which is consistent with stellar CNO processing. Observations of thermal SiO (v = 0, J = 2-1) emission show that the Si-29/Si-28 ratio can be determined in carbon stars, and further observations are indicated.

  9. X-ray burst studies with the JENSA gas jet target

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Schmidt, Konrad; Chipps, Kelly A.; Ahn, Sunghoon; Allen, Jacob M.; Ayoub, Sara; Bardayan, Daniel W.; Blackmon, Jeffrey C.; Blankstein, Drew; Browne, Justin; Cha, Soomi; Chae, Kyung YUK; Cizewski, Jolie; Deibel, Catherine M.; Deleeuw, Eric; Gomez, Orlando; Greife, Uwe; Hager, Ulrike; Hall, Matthew R.; Jones, Katherine L.; Kontos, Antonios; Kozub, Raymond L.; Lee, Eunji; Lepailleur, Alex; Linhardt, Laura E.; Matos, Milan; Meisel, Zach; Montes, Fernando; O'Malley, Patrick D.; Ong, Wei Jia; Pain, Steven D.; Sachs, Alison; Schatz, Hendrik; Schmitt, Kyle T.; Smith, Karl; Smith, Michael S.; Soares de Bem, Natã F.; Thompson, Paul J.; Toomey, Rebecca; Walter, David

    2018-01-01

    When a neutron star accretes hydrogen and helium from the outer layers of its companion star, thermonuclear burning enables the αp-process as a break out mechanism from the hot CNO cycle. Model calculations predict (α, p) reaction rates significantly affect both the light curves and elemental abundances in the burst ashes. The Jet Experiments in Nuclear Structure and Astrophysics (JENSA) gas jet target enables the direct measurement of previously inaccessible (α,p) reactions with radioactive beams provided by the rare isotope re-accelerator ReA3 at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL), USA. JENSA is going to be the main target for the Recoil Separator for Capture Reactions (SECAR) at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). Commissioning of JENSA and first experiments at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) showed a highly localized, pure gas target with a density of ˜1019 atoms per square centimeter. Preliminary results are presented from the first direct cross section measurement of the 34Ar(α, p)37 K reaction at NSCL.

  10. New astrophysical S factor for the {sup 15}N(p,{gamma}){sup 16}O reaction via the asymptotic normalization coefficient (ANC) method

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mukhamedzhanov, A. M.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Goldberg, V. Z.

    2008-07-15

    The {sup 15}N(p,{gamma}){sup 16}O reaction provides a path from the CN cycle to the CNO bi-cycle and CNO tri-cycle. The measured astrophysical factor for this reaction is dominated by resonant capture through two strong J{sup {pi}}=1{sup -} resonances at E{sub R}=312 and 962 keV and direct capture to the ground state. Asymptotic normalization coefficients (ANCs) for the ground and seven excited states in {sup 16}O were extracted from the comparison of experimental differential cross sections for the {sup 15}N({sup 3}He,d){sup 16}O reaction with distorted-wave Born approximation calculations. Using these ANCs and proton and {alpha} resonance widths determined from an R-matrixmore » fit to the data from the {sup 15}N(p,{alpha}){sup 12}C reaction, we carried out an R-matrix calculation to obtain the astrophysical factor for the {sup 15}N(p,{gamma}){sup 16}O reaction. The results indicate that the direct capture contribution was previously overestimated. We find the astrophysical factor to be S(0)=36.0{+-}6.0 keV b, which is about a factor of 2 lower than the presently accepted value. We conclude that for every 2200{+-}300 cycles of the main CN cycle one CN catalyst is lost due to this reaction.« less

  11. Multiwavelength observations of NaSt1 (WR 122): equatorial mass loss and X-rays from an interacting Wolf-Rayet binary

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mauerhan, Jon; Smith, Nathan; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Morzinski, Katie M.; Close, Laird M.; Hinz, Philip M.; Males, Jared R.; Rodigas, Timothy J.

    2015-07-01

    NaSt1 (aka Wolf-Rayet 122) is a peculiar emission-line star embedded in an extended nebula of [N II] emission with a compact dusty core. The object was previously characterized as a Wolf-Rayet (WR) star cloaked in an opaque nebula of CNO-processed material, perhaps analogous to η Car and its Homunculus nebula, albeit with a hotter central source. To discern the morphology of the [N II] nebula we performed narrow-band imaging using the Hubble Space Telescope and Wide-field Camera 3. The images reveal that the nebula has a disc-like geometry tilted ≈12° from edge-on, composed of a bright central ellipsoid surrounded by a larger clumpy ring. Ground-based spectroscopy reveals radial velocity structure (±10 km s-1) near the outer portions of the nebula's major axis, which is likely to be the imprint of outflowing gas. Near-infrared adaptive-optics imaging with Magellan AO has resolved a compact ellipsoid of Ks-band emission aligned with the larger [N II] nebula, which we suspect is the result of scattered He I line emission (λ2.06 μm). Observations with the Chandra X-ray Observatory have revealed an X-ray point source at the core of the nebula that is heavily absorbed at energies <1 keV and has properties consistent with WR stars and colliding-wind binaries. We suggest that NaSt1 is a WR binary embedded in an equatorial outflow that formed as the result of non-conservative mass transfer. NaSt1 thus appears to be a rare and important example of a stripped-envelope WR forming through binary interaction, caught in the brief Roche lobe overflow phase.

  12. HST-COS Observations on Hydrogen, Helium, Carbon, and Nitrogen Emission from the SN 1987A Reverse Shock

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    France, Kevin; McCray, Richard; Penton, Steven V.; Kirshner, Robert P.; Challis, Peter; Laming, J. Martin; Bouchet, Patrice; Chevalier, Roger; Garnavich, Peter M.; Fransson, Claes; hide

    2011-01-01

    We present the most sensitive ultraviolet observations of Supernova 1987 A to date. Imaging spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope-Cosmic Origins Spectrograph shows many narrow (Delta v approximates 300 km/s) emission lines from the circumstellar ring, broad Delta v approximates 10-20 x 10(exp 3) km/s) emission lines from the reverse shock, and ultraviolet continuum emission. The high signal-to-noise ratio (>40 per resolution element) broad Ly-alpha emission is excited by soft X-ray and EUV heating of mostly neutral gas in the circumstellar ring and outer supernova debris. The ultraviolet continuum at lambda > 1350 A can be explained by H-I two-photon (2s(exp 2)S(sub 1/2)-l(exp 2)S(sub 1/2)) emission from the same region. We confirm our earlier, tentative detection of N V lambda 1240 emission from the reverse shock and present the first detections of broad He II lambda1640, C IV lambda 1550, and N IV ] lambda1486 emission lines from the reverse shock. The helium abundance in the high-velocity material is He/H = 0.14 +/- 0.06. The N V /H alpha line ratio requires partial ion-electron equilibration (T(sub e)/T(sub p) approximately equal to 0.14-0.35). We find that the N/C abundance ratio in the gas crossing the reverse shock is significantly higher than that in the circumstellar ring, a result that may be attributed to chemical stratification in the outer envelope of the supernova progenitor. The N/C abundance may have been stratified prior to the ring expUlsion, or this result may indicate continued CNO processing in the progenitor subsequent to the expUlsion of the circumstellar ring.

  13. Properties of six short-period massive binaries: A study of the effects of binarity on surface chemical abundances

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Martins, F.; Mahy, L.; Hervé, A.

    2017-11-01

    Context. A significant percentage of massive stars are found in multiple systems. The effect of binarity on stellar evolution is poorly constrained. In particular, the role of tides and mass transfer on surface chemical abundances is not constrained observationally. Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of binarity on the stellar properties and surface abundances of massive binaries. Methods: We performed a spectroscopic analysis of six Galactic massive binaries. We obtained the spectra of individual components via a spectral disentangling method and subsequently analyzed these spectra by means of atmosphere models. The stellar parameters and CNO surface abundances were determined. Results: Most of these six systems are comprised of main-sequence stars. Three systems are detached, two are in contact, and no information is available for the sixth system. For 11 out of the 12 stars studied, the surface abundances are only mildly affected by stellar evolution and mixing. The surface abundances are not different from those of single stars within the uncertainties. The secondary of XZ Cep is strongly chemically enriched. Considering previous determinations of surface abundances in massive binary systems suggests that the effect of tides on chemical mixing is limited, whereas the mass transfer and removal of outer layers of the mass donor leads to the appearance of chemically processed material at the surface, although this is not systematic. The evolutionary masses of the components of our six systems are on average 16.5% higher than the dynamical masses. Some systems seem to have reached synchronization, while others may still be in a transitory phase. Based on observations made with the SOPHIE spectrograph on the 1.93 m telescope at Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP, CNRS/AMU), France.

  14. High Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy of zeta Puppis with the XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kahn, S. M.; Leutenegger, M. A.; Cottam, J.; Rauw, G.; Vreux, J.-M.; denBoggende, A. J. F.; Mewe, R.; Guedel, M.

    2000-01-01

    We present the first high resolution X-ray spectrum of the bright O4Ief supergiant star Puppis, obtained with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer on- board XMM-Newton. The spectrum exhibits bright emission lines of hydrogen-like and helium-like ions of nitrogen, oxygen, neon, magnesium, and silicon, as well as neon-like ions of iron. The lines are all significantly resolved, with characteristic velocity widths of order 1000 - 1500 km/ s. The nitrogen lines are especially strong, and indicate that the shocked gas in the wind is mixed with CNO-burned material, as has been previously inferred for the atmosphere of this star from ultraviolet spectra. We find that the forbidden to intercombination line ratios within the helium-like triplets are anomalously low for N VI, O VII, and Ne IX. While this is sometimes indicative of high electron density, we show that in this case, it is instead caused by the intense ultraviolet radiation field of the star. We use this interpretation to derive constraints on the location of the X-ray emitting shocks within the wind that agree remarkably well with current theoretical models for this system.

  15. Integral field spectroscopy of M1-67. A Wolf-Rayet nebula with luminous blue variable nebula appearance

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fernández-Martín, A.; Vílchez, J. M.; Pérez-Montero, E.; Candian, A.; Sánchez, S. F.; Martín-Gordón, D.; Riera, A.

    2013-06-01

    Aims: This work aims to disentangle the morphological, kinematic, and chemical components of the nebula M1-67 to shed light on its process of formation around the central Wolf-Rayet (WR) star WR124. Methods: We have carried out integral field spectroscopy observations over two regions of M1-67, covering most of the nebula in the optical range. Maps of electron density, line ratios, and radial velocity were created to perform a detailed analysis of the two-dimensional structure. We studied the physical and chemical properties by means of integrated spectra selected over the whole nebula. Photoionization models were performed to confirm the empirical chemical results theoretically. In addition, we obtained and analysed infrared spectroscopic data and the MIPS 24 μm image of M1-67 from Spitzer. Results: We find that the ionized gas of M1-67 is condensed in knots aligned in a preferred axis along the NE-SW direction, like a bipolar structure. Both electron density and radial velocity decrease in this direction when moving away from the central star. From the derived electron temperature, Te ~ 8200 K, we have estimated chemical abundances, obtaining that nitrogen appears strongly enriched and oxygen depleted. From the last two results, we infer that this bipolarity is the consequence of an ejection of an evolved stage of WR124 with material processed in the CNO cycle. Furthermore, we find two regions placed outside of the bipolar structure with different spectral and chemical properties. The infrared study has revealed that the bipolar axis is composed of ionized gas with a low ionization degree that is well mixed with warm dust and of a spherical bubble surrounding the ejection at 24 μm. Taking the evolution of a 60 M⊙ star and the temporal scale of the bipolar ejection into account, we propose that the observed gas was ejected during an eruption in the luminous blue variable stage. The star has entered the WR phase recently without apparent signs of interaction between WR-winds and interstellar material. Based on observations collected at the Centro Astronómico Hispano Alemán (CAHA) at Calar Alto, operated jointly by the Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie and the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC).

  16. Sub-500 fs electronically nonadiabatic chemical dynamics of energetic molecules from the S1 excited state: Ab initio multiple spawning study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ghosh, Jayanta; Gajapathy, Harshad; Konar, Arindam; Narasimhaiah, Gowrav M.; Bhattacharya, Atanu

    2017-11-01

    Energetic materials store a large amount of chemical energy. Different ignition processes, including laser ignition and shock or compression wave, initiate the energy release process by first promoting energetic molecules to the electronically excited states. This is why a full understanding of initial steps of the chemical dynamics of energetic molecules from the excited electronic states is highly desirable. In general, conical intersection (CI), which is the crossing point of multidimensional electronic potential energy surfaces, is well established as a controlling factor in the initial steps of chemical dynamics of energetic molecules following their electronic excitations. In this article, we have presented different aspects of the ultrafast unimolecular relaxation dynamics of energetic molecules through CIs. For this task, we have employed ab initio multiple spawning (AIMS) simulation using the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) electronic wavefunction and frozen Gaussian-based nuclear wavefunction. The AIMS simulation results collectively reveal that the ultrafast relaxation step of the best energetic molecules (which are known to exhibit very good detonation properties) is completed in less than 500 fs. Many, however, exhibit sub-50 fs dynamics. For example, nitro-containing molecules (including C-NO2, N-NO2, and O-NO2 active moieties) relax back to the ground state in approximately 40 fs through similar (S1/S0)CI conical intersections. The N3-based energetic molecule undergoes the N2 elimination process in 40 fs through the (S1/S0)CI conical intersection. Nitramine-Fe complexes exhibit sub-50 fs Fe-O and N-O bond dissociation through the respective (S1/S0)CI conical intersection. On the other hand, tetrazine-N-oxides, which are known to exhibit better detonation properties than tetrazines, undergo internal conversion in a 400-fs time scale, while the relaxation time of tetrazine is very long (about 100 ns). Many other characteristics of sub-500 fs nonadiabatic decay of energetic molecules are discussed. In the end, many unresolved issues associated with the ultrafast nonadiabatic chemical dynamics of energetic molecules are presented.

  17. On the Absolute Age of the Globular Cluster M92

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Di Cecco, A.; Becucci, R.; Bono, G.; Monelli, M.; Stetson, P. B.; Degl'Innocenti, S.; Prada Moroni, P. G.; Nonino, M.; Weiss, A.; Buonanno, R.; Calamida, A.; Caputo, F.; Corsi, C. E.; Ferraro, I.; Iannicola, G.; Pulone, L.; Romaniello, M.; Walker, A. R.

    2010-09-01

    We present precise and deep optical photometry of the globular M92. Data were collected in three different photometric systems: Sloan Digital Sky Survey (g‧, r‧, i‧, and z‧ MegaCam at CFHT), Johnson-Kron-Cousins (B, V, and I; various ground-based telescopes), and Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) Vegamag (F475W, F555W, and F814W; Hubble Space Telescope). Special attention was given to the photometric calibration, and the precision of the ground-based data is generally better than 0.01 mag. We computed a new set of α-enhanced evolutionary models accounting for the gravitational settling of heavy elements at fixed chemical composition ([α/Fe] = +0.3, [Fe/H] = -2.32 dex, and Y = 0.248). The isochrones—assuming the same true distance modulus (μ = 14.74 mag), the same reddening [E(B - V) = 0.025 ± 0.010 mag], and the same reddening law—account for the stellar distribution along the main sequence and the red giant branch in different color-magnitude diagrams (i‧, g‧ - i‧ i‧, and g‧ - r‧ i‧, g‧ - z‧ I, and B - I and F814W and F475W-F814W). The same outcome applies to the comparison between the predicted zero-age horizontal-branch (ZAHB) and the HB stars. We also found a cluster age of 11 ± 1.5 Gyr, in good agreement with previous estimates. The error budget accounts for uncertainties in the input physics and the photometry. To test the possible occurrence of CNO-enhanced stars, we also computed two sets of α- and CNO-enhanced (by a factor of 3) models, both at fixed total metallicity ([M/H] = -2.10 dex) and at fixed iron abundance. We found that the isochrones based on the former set give the same cluster age (11 ± 1.5 Gyr) as the canonical α-enhanced isochrones. The isochrones based on the latter set also give a similar cluster age (10 ± 1.5 Gyr). These findings support previous results concerning the weak sensitivity of cluster isochrones to CNO-enhanced chemical mixtures. This paper makes use of data obtained from the Isaac Newton Group Archive, which is maintained as part of the CASU Astronomical Data Centre at the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge. This research used the facilities of the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre operated by the National Research Council of Canada with the support of the Canadian Space Agency.

  18. Pressure-induced stable BeN4 as a high-energy density material

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Shoutao; Zhao, Ziyuan; Liu, Lulu; Yang, Guochun

    2017-10-01

    Polynitrogens are the ideal rocket fuels or propellants. Due to strong triple N≡N bond in N2, the direct polymerization of nitrogen is rather difficult (i.e. extreme high temperature and high pressure). However, the use of nitrides as precursors or the reaction of N2 with other elements has been proved to be an effective way to obtain polynitrogens. Here, with assistance of the advanced first-principles swarm-intelligence structure searches, we found that P 1 bar -BeN4, containing infinite zigzag-like polymeric nitrogen chains, can be synthesized by compressing the mixture of Be3N2 and N2 at 25.4 GPa, which is greatly lower than 110 GPa for synthesizing cubic gauche nitrogen and other polynitrogen compounds (e.g. bulk CNO at 52 GPa and SN4 at 49 GPa). Its structural stability can be attributed to the coexistence of ionic Be-N and covalent N-N bonds. Intriguingly, this phase has high kinetic stability and remains metastable at ambient pressure. The exceptional properties, including high energy density (3.60 kJ g-1), high nitrogen content (86.1%), high dynamical stability, and low polymerization pressure, make P 1 bar -structured BeN4 a promising high energy material. Infinite nitrogen chains in P 1 bar -BeN4 transform to N10 rings network in P21/c phase at 115.1 GPa. P 1 bar -BeN4 is metallic, while P21/c-BeN4 is an insulator.

  19. Proximal detection of energetic materials on fabrics by UV-Raman spectroscopy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chirico, R.; Almaviva, S.; Colao, F.; Fiorani, L.; Nuvoli, M.; Schweikert, W.; Schnürer, F.; Cassioli, L.; Grossi, S.; Mariani, L.; Angelini, F.; Menicucci, I.; Palucci, A.

    2014-05-01

    In the last decades there have been several terroristic attacks with improvised explosive devices (IED) that have raised the need for new instrumentation, for homeland security applications, to obtain a reliable and effective fight against terrorism. Public transportation has been around for about 150 years, but terroristic attacks against buses, trains, subways, etc., is a relatively recent phenomenon [1]. Since 1970, transportation has been an increasingly attractive target for terrorists. Most of the attacks to transport infrastructures take place in countries where public transportation is the primary way to move. Terrorists prefer to execute a smaller-scale attack with certainty of success rather than a complex and demanding operation to cause massive death and destruction. [1]. Many commonly available materials, such as fertilizer, gunpowder, and hydrogen peroxide, can be used as explosives and other materials, such as nails, glass, or metal fragments, can be used to increase the amount of shrapnel propelled by the explosion. The majority of substances that are classified as chemical explosives generally contain oxygen, nitrogen and oxidable elements such as carbon and hydrogen [2]. The most common functional group in military explosives is NO2. That functionality can be attached to oxygen (ONO2) in the nitrate esters (PETN), to carbon (C-NO2) in the nitroarenes (TNT) and nitroalkanes (Nitromethane), and to nitrogen (N-NO2) as in the nitramines (RDX). Some organic peroxides, such as TATP and HMTD, are popular amongst terrorists because they are powerful initiators that can be easily prepared from easily available ingredients. Azides are also powerful primary explosives commonly used as initiators (commercial detonators) in civilian and military operations, therefore they could be potentially used by terrorists as initiators for IEDs.

  20. A Study of Damage Tolerance in Curved Composite Panels.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-03-01

    A198 617 A STUDY OF DAMAGE TOLERANCE IN CURVED COMPOSITE PANELS 1/2 I CNO O NGNERN BLNuE Hl(U) Ala FORCE INST OF TECH &IRIGHT-PATTERSON APR ON...OAL B PEAU OF STANOARDS- -T - % r . P.4 .% FILE CC R CDV OF DTIC MAR3 11988 *grr A STUDY OF DAMAGE TOLERANCE IN CURVED COMPOSITE PANELS THESIS...AFIT/GA/AA/88-.3 0 A STUDY OF DAMAGE TOLERANCE IN CURVED COMPOSITE PANELS THESIS - Brendan L. Wilder Captain, USAF S*2822 $$$*fltf$$*2*f$1fltf

  1. Robust Estimation Based on Walsh Averages for the General Linear Model.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-11-01

    estimate of I minimizing Ip(Z ) has an influence function proportional to p(y) and its asymptotic 2 2-1 variance-covariance matrix is E(* )/(E...in particular, on the influence function h(y) and quantities appearing in the asymptotic vari- ance. Some cno-ents are made on the one- and two...for signed rank estimates. The function P2 (t) of (1.4) has derivative 2(t) = - if t < -c 0 if It < c + I if t > c. *Then the influence function is h(t

  2. Accretion of chemically fractionated material on a wide binary with a blue straggler

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Desidera, S.; Gratton, R. G.; Lucatello, S.; Endl, M.; Udry, S.

    2007-02-01

    Context: The components of the wide binary HIP 64030 = HD 113984 show a large (about 0.25 dex) iron content difference (Desidera et al. 2006). The positions of the components on the color magnitude diagram suggest that the primary is a blue straggler. Aims: We studied the abundance difference of several elements besides iron, and we searched for stellar and substellar companions around the components to unveil the origin of the observed iron difference. Methods: A line-by-line differential abundance analysis for several elements was performed for iron, while suitable spectral synthesis was performed for C, N, and Li. High precision radial velocities obtained with the iodine cell were combined with available literature data. Results: The analysis of additional elements shows that the abundance difference for the elements studied increases with increasing condensation temperature, suggesting that accretion of chemically fractionated material might have occurred in the system. Alteration of C and N likely due to CNO processing is also observed. We also show that the primary is a spectroscopic binary with a period of 445 days and moderate eccentricity. The minimum mass of the companion is 0.17~M⊙. Conclusions: .Two scenarios were explored to explain the observed abundance pattern. In the first, all abundance anomalies arise on the blue straggler. If this is the case, the dust-gas separation may have been occurred in a circumbinary disk around the blue straggler and its expected white dwarf companion, as observed in several RV Tauri and post AGB binaries. In the second scenario, accretion of dust-rich material occurred on the secondary. This would also explain the anomalous carbon isotopic ratio of the secondary. Such a scenario requires that a substantial amount of mass lost by the central binary has been accreted by the wide component. Further studies to compare the two scenarios are proposed. Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory, Chile, using FEROS spectrograph (proposal ID: 70.D-0081), on observations made with the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) operated on the island of La Palma by the Fundacion Galileo Galilei of the INAF (Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica) at the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, and on observations made at McDonald Observatory.

  3. FUSE Observations of the Active Interacting Binary RY Persei

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Peters, G. J.; Polidan, R. S.

    2003-12-01

    RY Per (HD 17034, B4 V + F7 II-III, P=6.86 d) is a massive interacting binary (6.25 M⊙ + 1.60 M⊙, Olson & Plavec 1997, AJ, 113, 425) that displays a variable weak accretion disk that emits in Hα (Barai, et al., preprint). FUSE observations of this system, carried through in 2002 October at phases 0.20, 0.57, and 0.97 and during its total eclipse on 2002 December 8 are presented. The totality data were binned into two phase intervals: 0.0056-0.9976 (after second contact) and 0.0052-0.0089 (just before third contact). Both eclipse observations reveal broad, prominent emission lines of N III (UV1, λ λ 990-992 Å), O VI (UV1, λ λ 1032,1038 Å), N II (UV1, λ λ 1084-1086 Å), Si III (UV5, λ λ 1108,1109,1113 Å), Si IV(UV3, λ λ 1122,1138 Å), and Fe III (UV1, λ λ 1122-32 Å). Emission from C III (UV4, λ 1176 Å) seen during totality in FUSE observations of the Algol binaries V356 Sgr and TT Hya is conspicuously absent. C III (UV1, λ 977 Å) is also absent. This observation combined with the strong presence of N II, III emission suggests that material processed through the CNO cycle in the mass loser is now being transferred to the B star. The FUSE data imply that the emitting plasma is hot ( ˜100,000-300,000 K) and located above/below the orbital plane. The source of this apparent bipolar flow (also seen in V356 Sgr and TT Hya) may be the splash region detected near phase 0.5 in IUE observations of the N V resonance line, but absorption features from this region were not seen in the non-eclipse FUSE observations. A model for the circumstellar material in this system will be presented and the FUSE observations will be compared with those of V356 Sgr and TT Hya. GJP is grateful for support from NASA Grant NAG5-12253.

  4. A Reconnaissance of the 900-1200 A Spectra of Early O Stars in the Magellanic Clouds

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Walborn, Nolan

    1999-01-01

    Far-UV spectrograms of ten very hot stars in the Magellanic Clouds were obtained with the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope during the Astro-2 mission in March 1995. Very few normal OB stars were observed during Astro-1, and the only significant prior sample of such objects in this wavelength range was that obtained by Copernicus of stars near the Sun. The Magellanic Cloud sample offers the advantages of low reddening, a range in metallicity, and more extreme temperatures and luminosities than represented in the near solar neighborhood. Several interesting phenomena were found in the HUT MC sample, including very strong O VI wind profiles in O3 spectra; anomalous CNO wind features corresponding to abundances altered by stellar nucleosynthesis; weak wind features due to the metal deficiency of the Small Magellanic Cloud; and interstellar molecular hydrogen features originating in the MCs. The results were presented and discussed as a small atlas, and they were shown at the Pittsburgh AAS meeting in June 1995. A correlative atlas of Copernicus data was also prepared and published under the auspices of this grant. These publications will serve as resources for the characterization of the FUSE observations of related objects to hopefully be obtained soon. I believe that the large differences among the strong wind features in the HUT data, corresponding to CNO and systemic metallicity effects, are amenable to some relative quantitative analysis, and I shall endeavor to promote such in conjunction with HST data at longer wavelengths for the same stars (which has also not yet been completely analyzed) at a future opportunity.

  5. Maternal periodontal disease in rats decreases insulin sensitivity and insulin signaling in adult offspring.

    PubMed

    Shirakashi, Daisy J; Leal, Rosana P; Colombo, Natalia H; Chiba, Fernando Y; Garbin, Cléa A S; Jardim, Elerson G; Antoniali, Cristina; Sumida, Doris H

    2013-03-01

    Periodontal disease during pregnancy has been recognized as one of the causes of preterm and low-birth-weight (PLBW) babies. Several studies have demonstrated that PLBW babies are prone to developing insulin resistance as adults. Although there is controversy over the association between periodontal disease and PLBW, the phenomenon known as programming can translate any stimulus or aggression experienced during intrauterine growth into physiologic and metabolic alterations in adulthood. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether the offspring of rats with periodontal disease develop insulin resistance in adulthood. Ten female Wistar rats were divided into periodontal disease (PED) and control (CN) groups. All rats were mated at 7 days after induction of periodontal disease. Male offspring were divided into two groups: 1) periodontal disease offspring (PEDO; n = 24); and 2) control offspring (CNO; n = 24). Offspring body weight was measured from birth until 75 days. When the offspring reached 75 days old, the following parameters were measured: 1) plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, fructosamine, lipase, amylase, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); 2) insulin sensitivity (IS); and 3) insulin signal transduction (IST) in insulin-sensitive tissues. Low birth weight was not detected in the PEDO group. However, plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, fructosamine, lipase, amylase, and TNF-α were increased and IS and IST were reduced (P <0.05) in the PEDO group compared with the CNO group. Maternal periodontal disease may induce insulin resistance and reduce IST in adult offspring, but such alterations are not attributable to low birth weight.

  6. Many-Body Descriptors for Predicting Molecular Properties with Machine Learning: Analysis of Pairwise and Three-Body Interactions in Molecules.

    PubMed

    Pronobis, Wiktor; Tkatchenko, Alexandre; Müller, Klaus-Robert

    2018-06-12

    Machine learning (ML) based prediction of molecular properties across chemical compound space is an important and alternative approach to efficiently estimate the solutions of highly complex many-electron problems in chemistry and physics. Statistical methods represent molecules as descriptors that should encode molecular symmetries and interactions between atoms. Many such descriptors have been proposed; all of them have advantages and limitations. Here, we propose a set of general two-body and three-body interaction descriptors which are invariant to translation, rotation, and atomic indexing. By adapting the successfully used kernel ridge regression methods of machine learning, we evaluate our descriptors on predicting several properties of small organic molecules calculated using density-functional theory. We use two data sets. The GDB-7 set contains 6868 molecules with up to 7 heavy atoms of type CNO. The GDB-9 set is composed of 131722 molecules with up to 9 heavy atoms containing CNO. When trained on 5000 random molecules, our best model achieves an accuracy of 0.8 kcal/mol (on the remaining 1868 molecules of GDB-7) and 1.5 kcal/mol (on the remaining 126722 molecules of GDB-9) respectively. Applying a linear regression model on our novel many-body descriptors performs almost equal to a nonlinear kernelized model. Linear models are readily interpretable: a feature importance ranking measure helps to obtain qualitative and quantitative insights on the importance of two- and three-body molecular interactions for predicting molecular properties computed with quantum-mechanical methods.

  7. Quantitative Studies of the Optical and UV Spectra of Galactic Early B Supergiants

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Searle, S. C.; Prinja, R. K.; Massa, D.; Ryans, R.

    2008-01-01

    We undertake an optical and ultraviolet spectroscopic analysis of a sample of 20 Galactic B0-B5 supergiants of luminosity classes Ia, Ib, Iab, and II. Fundamental stellar parameters are obtained from optical diagnostics and a critical comparison of the model predictions to observed UV spectral features is made. Methods. Fundamental parameters (e.g., T(sub eff), log L(sub *), mass-loss rates and CNO abundances) are derived for individual stars using CMFGEN, a nLTE, line-blanketed model atmosphere code. The impact of these newly derived parameters on the Galactic B supergiant Ten scale, mass discrepancy, and wind-momentum luminosity relation is examined. Results. The B supergiant temperature scale derived here shows a reduction of about 1000-3000 K compared to previous results using unblanketed codes. Mass-loss rate estimates are in good agreement with predicted theoretical values, and all of the 20 BO-B5 supergiants analysed show evidence of CNO processing. A mass discrepancy still exists between spectroscopic and evolutionary masses, with the largest discrepancy occuring at log (L/(solar)L approx. 5.4. The observed WLR values calculated for B0-B0.7 supergiants are higher than predicted values, whereas the reverse is true for B1-B5 supergiants. This means that the discrepancy between observed and theoretical values cannot be resolved by adopting clumped (i.e., lower) mass-loss rates as for O stars. The most surprising result is that, although CMFGEN succeeds in reproducing the optical stellar spectrum accurately, it fails to precisely reproduce key UV diagnostics, such as the N v and C IV P Cygni profiles. This problem arises because the models are not ionised enough and fail to reproduce the full extent of the observed absorption trough of the P Cygni profiles. Conclusions. Newly-derived fundamental parameters for early B supergiants are in good agreement with similar work in the field. The most significant discovery, however, is the failure of CMFGEN to predict the correct ionisation fraction for some ions. Such findings add further support to revising the current standard model of massive star winds, as our understanding of these winds is incomplete without a precise knowledge of the ionisation structure and distribution of clumping in the wind. Key words. techniques: spectroscopic - stars: mass-loss - stars: supergiants - stars: abundances - stars: atmospheres - stars: fundamental parameters

  8. Isotopic measurements (C,N,O) of detonation soot produced from labeled and unlabeled Composition B-3 indicate source of solid carbon residues

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Podlesak, David; Manner, Virginia; Amato, Ronald; Dattelbaum, Dana; Gusavsen, Richard; Huber, Rachel

    2017-06-01

    Detonation of HE is an exothermic process whereby metastable complex molecules are converted to simple stable molecules such as H2 O, N2, CO, CO2, and solid carbon. The solid carbon contains various allotropes such as detonation nanodiamonds, graphite, and amorphous carbon. It is well known that certain HE formulations such as Composition B (60% RDX, 40% TNT) produce greater amounts of solid carbon than other more oxygen-balanced formulations. To develop a greater understanding of how formulation and environment influence solid carbon formation, we synthesized TNT and RDX with 13 C and 15 N at levels slightly above natural abundance levels. Synthesized RDX and TNT were mixed at a ratio of 60:40 to form Composition B and solid carbon residues were collected from detonations of isotopically-labeled as well as un-labelled Composition B. The raw HE and detonation residues were analyzed isotopically for C, N, O isotopic compositions. We will discuss differences between treatments groups as a function of formulation and environment. LA-UR - 17-21266.

  9. Novel biocatalytic systems for maintaining the nucleotide balance based on adenylate kinase immobilized on carbon nanostructures.

    PubMed

    Hetmann, Anna; Wujak, Magdalena; Bolibok, Paulina; Zięba, Wojciech; Wiśniewski, Marek; Roszek, Katarzyna

    2018-07-01

    In this study graphene oxide (GO), carbon quantum dots (CQD) and carbon nanoonions (CNO) have been characterized and applied for the first time as a matrix for recombinant adenylate kinase (AK, EC 2.7.4.3) immobilization. AK is an enzyme fulfilling a key role in metabolic processes. This phosphotransferase catalyzes the interconversion of adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP and AMP) and thereby participates in nucleotide homeostasis, monitors a cellular energy charge as well as acts as a component of purinergic signaling system. The AK activity in all obtained biocatalytic systems was higher as compared to the free enzyme. We have found that the immobilization on carbon nanostructures increased both activity and stability of AK. Moreover, the biocatalytic systems consisting of AK immobilized on carbon nanostructures can be easily and efficiently lyophilized without risk of desorption or decrease in the catalytic activity of the investigated enzyme. The positive action of AK-GO biocatalytic system in maintaining the nucleotide balance in in vitro cell culture was proved. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. Theoretical Investigations of Nitrocubane Decomposition.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-02-29

    this line are the ammonium nitronate salts, e.g., 5j rNH C(NO,) 3 The synthesis and characterization of nitrocubanes such as these is currently of...arceenit i th the experimental results is also very good except at the 0% 40 30 00 C-)0 ~10 00 10 -0.8 -0.4 0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 s(aO) 1Fiunpre 2. Comparison...excellent (differences of 18- 40 %) but at higher temperatures the computed rates are f .actors of 2.2 to 2.7 lwer than the results of Hack et. al. The

  11. A Review of Carbon Nanomaterials' Synthesis via the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Method.

    PubMed

    Manawi, Yehia M; Samara, Ayman; Al-Ansari, Tareq; Atieh, Muataz A

    2018-05-17

    Carbon nanomaterials have been extensively used in many applications owing to their unique thermal, electrical and mechanical properties. One of the prime challenges is the production of these nanomaterials on a large scale. This review paper summarizes the synthesis of various carbon nanomaterials via the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. These carbon nanomaterials include fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), graphene, carbide-derived carbon (CDC), carbon nano-onion (CNO) and MXenes. Furthermore, current challenges in the synthesis and application of these nanomaterials are highlighted with suggested areas for future research.

  12. Target characterizations for a 14N(p,γ)15O cross section measurement

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gyürky, Gy.; Csik, A.; Mátyus, Zs.; Fülöp, Zs.; Halász, Z.; Kiss, G. G.; Szücs, T.; Wagner, L.

    2018-01-01

    The 14N(p,γ)15O reaction controls the rate of CNO cycle hydrogen burning in various astrophysical sites and it is therefore one of the most important reactions in nuclear astrophysics. An experimental program is in progress to measure the 14N(p,γ)15O cross section in a wide energy range using a novel approach. A crucial quantity for the cross section determination is the number of N atoms in the target. In this paper the results of different experiments used for N target characterization are presented.

  13. A Review of Carbon Nanomaterials’ Synthesis via the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Method

    PubMed Central

    Manawi, Yehia M.; Samara, Ayman; Al-Ansari, Tareq; Atieh, Muataz A.

    2018-01-01

    Carbon nanomaterials have been extensively used in many applications owing to their unique thermal, electrical and mechanical properties. One of the prime challenges is the production of these nanomaterials on a large scale. This review paper summarizes the synthesis of various carbon nanomaterials via the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. These carbon nanomaterials include fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), graphene, carbide-derived carbon (CDC), carbon nano-onion (CNO) and MXenes. Furthermore, current challenges in the synthesis and application of these nanomaterials are highlighted with suggested areas for future research. PMID:29772760

  14. Elemental abundance differences between nuclei acclerated in CIR shocks and solar flares

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dietrich, W. F.; Simpson, J. A.

    1985-01-01

    Measurement of the ratios of nuclear abundances H/He, CNO/Fe-group and the Fe-group/HE for 51 passages of Corotating Interaction Regions (CIRs) at 1 AU, and measurement of these ratios from 620 solar flares in the energy range 0.6 to 4 MeV per nucleon, show that CIR shock acceleration alone does not change significantly these ratios from the values they have for solar system abundances or the solar wind. The solar flare ratios continue to reflect strong biases in the abundances, consistent with requirements for multistage acceleration rpocesses at the Sun.

  15. The high-resolution spectrum of the pulsating, pre-white dwarf star PG 1159-035 (GW VIR)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Liebert, James; Wesemael, F.; Husfeld, D.; Wehrse, R.; Starrfield, S. G.

    1989-01-01

    High-resolution and low-resolution UV spectra and a high-resolution optical spectrum were obtained for PG 1159-035, revealing apparent photospheric absorption features with defined cores from N V 1240 A, N IV 1270 A, O V 1371 A, and C IV 1550 A. The photospheric velocity derived using all of these lines except for C IV is about +35 km/s. Equivalent-width measurements determined for all of the features may provide a tighter constraint on the photospheric temperature in a detailed model atmosphere analysis treating the CNO ions.

  16. Evaluation of NO2 predictions by the plume volume molar ratio method (PVMRM) and ozone limiting method (OLM) in AERMOD using new field observations.

    PubMed

    Hendrick, Elizabeth M; Tino, Vincent R; Hanna, Steven R; Egan, Bruce A

    2013-07-01

    The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) plume volume molar ratio method (PVMRM) and the ozone limiting method (OLM) are in the AERMOD model to predict the 1-hr average NO2/NO(x) concentration ratio. These ratios are multiplied by the AERMOD predicted NO(x) concentration to predict the 1-hr average NO2 concentration. This paper first briefly reviews PVMRM and OLM and points out some scientific parameterizations that could be improved (such as specification of relative dispersion coefficients) and then discusses an evaluation of the PVMRM and OLM methods as implemented in AERMOD using a new data set. While AERMOD has undergone many model evaluation studies in its default mode, PVMRM and OLM are nondefault options, and to date only three NO2 field data sets have been used in their evaluations. Here AERMOD/PVMRM and AERMOD/OLM codes are evaluated with a new data set from a northern Alaskan village with a small power plant. Hourly pollutant concentrations (NO, NO2, ozone) as well as meteorological variables were measured at a single monitor 500 m from the plant. Power plant operating parameters and emissions were calculated based on hourly operator logs. Hourly observations covering 1 yr were considered, but the evaluations only used hours when the wind was in a 60 degrees sector including the monitor and when concentrations were above a threshold. PVMRM is found to have little bias in predictions of the C(NO2)/C(NO(x)) ratio, which mostly ranged from 0.2 to 0.4 at this site. OLM overpredicted the ratio. AERMOD overpredicts the maximum NO(x) concentration but has an underprediction bias for lower concentrations. AERMOD/PVMRM overpredicts the maximum C(NO2) by about 50%, while AERMOD/OLM overpredicts by a factor of 2. For 381 hours evaluated, there is a relative mean bias in C(NO2) predictions of near zero for AERMOD/PVMRM, while the relative mean bias reflects a factor of 2 overprediction for AERMOD/OLM. This study was initiated because the new stringent 1-hr NO2 NAAQS has prompted modelers to more widely use the PVMRM and OLM methods for conversion of NO(x) to NO2 in the AERMOD regulatory model. To date these methods have been evaluated with a limited number of data sets. This study identified a new data set of ambient pollutant and meteorological monitoring near an isolated power plant in Wainwright, Alaska. To supplement the existing evaluations, this new data were used to evaluate PVMRM and OLM. This new data set has been and will be made available to other scientists for future investigations.

  17. AN ANALYSIS OF THE PULSATING STAR SDSS J160043.6+074802.9 USING NEW NON-LTE MODEL ATMOSPHERES AND SPECTRA FOR HOT O SUBDWARFS

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Latour, M.; Fontaine, G.; Brassard, P.

    2011-06-01

    We first present our new grids of model atmospheres and spectra for hot subdwarf O (sdO) stars: standard non-LTE (NLTE) H+He models with no metals, NLTE line-blanketed models with C+N+O, and NLTE line-blanketed models with C+N+O+Fe. Using hydrogen and helium lines in the optical range, we make detailed comparisons between theoretical spectra of different grids in order to characterize the line-blanketing effects of metals. We find these effects to be dependent on both the effective temperature and the surface gravity. Moreover, we find that the helium abundance also influences in an important way the effects of line blanketing on themore » resulting spectra. We further find that the addition of Fe (solar abundance) leads only to incremental effects on the atmospheric structure as compared with the case where the metallicity is defined by C+N+O (solar abundances). We use our grids to perform fits on a 9 A resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio ({approx}300 blueward of 5000 A) optical spectrum of SDSS J160043.6+074802.9, the only known pulsating sdO star. Our best and most reliable result is based on the fit achieved with NLTE synthetic spectra that include C, N, O, and Fe in solar abundances, leading to the following parameters: T{sub eff} = 68,500 {+-} 1770 K, log g = 6.09 {+-} 0.07, and log N(He)/N(H) = -0.64 {+-} 0.05 (formal fitting errors only). This combination of parameters, particularly the comparatively high helium abundance, implies that line-blanketing effects due to metals are not very large in the atmosphere of this sdO star.« less

  18. First Results from HST19 GO12600: CNO Abundances in Seven Milky Way Planetary Nebulae

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kwitter, Karen B.; Dufour, Reginald J.; Shaw, Richard A.; Henry, Richard B. C.; Balick, Bruce; Corradi, Romano

    2014-06-01

    In HST Cycle 19 we observed 10 Milky Way planetary nebulae (PNe) from 1150-10270Å with STIS to obtain accurate abundances of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. The ultimate goal of the project is to assess carbon production in the low-to-intermediate-mass (LIMS) progenitors of PNe with near-solar metallicity 0.5-1.2 x solar), but varying N/O 0.1-3), comparing observational data with theoretical models of carbon yields. Seven of our objects had data of sufficient quality to allow good empirical abundance determinations: IC2165, IC3568, NGC2440, NGC3242, NGC5315, NGC5882, and NGC7662. Each PN was observed with seven grating setting combinations with identical slit positions and slit sizes across the entire UV-optical spectral region. We created one-dimensional spectra from the two-dimensional STIS spectral images, taking care to extract the identical spatial region from each spectrum for a given object. This was done to produce one-dimensional spectral lines integrated along the slit, resulting in the highest signal-to-noise measurements for analysis. We measured line fluxes with IRAF and calculated nebular diagnostics and abundances with ELSA. The crucial value in using STIS is the ability to observe the ultraviolet lines of important CNO ions with higher signal-to-noise than in previous studies. In all objects we detected lines of C+, C+2, and C+3. We also detected N+ and N+4 in all objects; in four of the seven we also detected N+2 and N+3. We will present these data and compare them with previous determinations and analyses (largely from the old IUE datasets and studies). We gratefully acknowledge support from HST and from Williams College.

  19. Worldwide Esophageal Cancer Collaboration: clinical staging data

    PubMed Central

    Rice, T. W.; Apperson-Hansen, C.; DiPaola, L. M.; Semple, M. E.; Lerut, T. E. M. R.; Orringer, M. B.; Chen, L.-Q.; Hofstetter, W. L.; Smithers, B. M.; Rusch, V. W.; Wijnhoven, B. P. L.; Chen, K. N.; Davies, A. R.; D’Journo, X. B.; Kesler, K. A.; Luketich, J. D.; Ferguson, M. K.; Räsänen, J. V.; van Hillegersberg, R.; Fang, W.; Durand, L.; Allum, W. H.; Cecconello, I.; Cerfolio, R. J.; Pera, M.; Griffin, S. M.; Burger, R.; Liu, J.-F; Allen, M. S.; Law, S.; Watson, T. J.; Darling, G. E.; Scott, W. J.; Duranceau, A.; Denlinger, C. E.; Schipper, P. H.; Ishwaran, H.; Blackstone, E. H.

    2017-01-01

    SUMMARY To address uncertainty of whether clinical stage groupings (cTNM) for esophageal cancer share prognostic implications with pathologic groupings after esophagectomy alone (pTNM), we report data—simple descriptions of patient characteristics, cancer categories, and non-risk-adjusted survival—for clinically staged patients from the Worldwide Esophageal Cancer Collaboration (WECC). Thirty-three institutions from six continents submitted data using variables with standard definitions: demographics, comorbidities, clinical cancer categories, and all-cause mortality from first management decision. Of 22,123 clinically staged patients, 8,156 had squamous cell carcinoma, 13,814 adenocarcinoma, 116 adenosquamous carcinoma, and 37 undifferentiated carcinoma. Patients were older (62 years) men (80%) with normal body mass index (18.5–25 mg/kg2, 47%), little weight loss (2.4 ± 7.8 kg), 0–1 ECOG performance status (67%), and history of smoking (67%). Cancers were cT1 (12%), cT2 (22%), cT3 (56%), cNO (44%), cMO (95%), and cG2–G3 (89%); most involved the distal esophagus (73%). Non-risk-adjusted survival for squamous cell carcinoma was not distinctive for early cT or cN; for adenocarcinoma, it was distinctive for early versus advanced cT and for cNO versus cN+. Patients with early cancers had worse survival and those with advanced cancers better survival than expected from equivalent pathologic categories based on prior WECC pathologic data. Thus, clinical and pathologic categories do not share prognostic implications. This makes clinically based treatment decisions difficult and pre-treatment prognostication inaccurate. These data will be the basis for the 8th edition cancer staging manuals following risk adjustment for patient characteristics, cancer categories, and treatment characteristics and should direct 9th edition data collection. PMID:27731549

  20. Weak metal lines in optical high-resolution Very Large Telescope and Keck spectra of "cool" PG 1159 stars

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Werner, K.; Rauch, T.

    2014-09-01

    PG 1159 stars are very hot (effective temperatures Teff = 75 000-200 000 K), hydrogen-deficient (pre-) white dwarfs. They probably are the result of a late helium-shell flash that laid bare the He, C, and O rich intershell matter of the progenitor Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) star. Their chemical surface composition thus allows to conclude on details of AGB-star nucleosynthesis. Due to their very high effective temperatures, detailed spectral analyses are usually completely reliant on ultraviolet observations, except for some species in the hottest PG 1159 stars (Teff ≳ 130 000 K), which do exhibit highly excited lines from the CNO elements and neon (C iv, N v, O vi, Ne vii-viii) in optical spectra. Particularly problematic are, however, the coolest members of the PG 1159 class that exclusively show C iv lines in the optical. Access to the nitrogen abundance is important to decide which of the late-thermal pulse evolutionary scenarios was experienced by a particular star, while a high oxygen abundance is an important marker that the star could pulsate. In the present paper, we investigate high-resolution high signal-to-noise optical spectra of three "cool" PG 1159 stars (PG 0122+200, PG 2131+066, MCT 0130-1937, Teff = 80 000-95 000 K). With the help of non-LTE model atmospheres and synthetic spectra, we are able to identify a large number of weak CNO lines (C iii, N iv, O iii-v) that were not detected before in these stars. They allow abundance determinations and enable us to constrain the effective temperature to high precision through ionization equilibria without the requirement to access the ultraviolet spectral range.

  1. The use of radiolabelling techniques to measure substantivity to, and penetration into, hair of protein hydrolysates.

    PubMed

    Jones, R T; Chahal, S P

    1997-10-01

    The use of 14C-labelled amino acids enables the measurement of both the total substantivity to hair and the degree of penetration into the hair shaft of amino acid mixtures derived from complete hydrolysis of proteins. The technique utilizes the fact that direct measurement of 14C radioactivity of the treated hair detects only the surface substantivity. Total substantivity can be determined following solubilization of the hair. Data obtained for wheat amino acids show significant penetration when used to treat hair from a shampoo or conditioner formulation. A similar technique has been investigated for a wheat protein partial hydrolysate using 14CNO for radiolabelling purposes and shows that significant penetration into hair can occur. L'utilisation d'amino-acides marques au 14C permet la mesure a la fois de l'absorption totale par les cheveux et du degre de penetration dans la fibre du cheveu de melanges d'amino-acides obtenus a partir d'une hydrolyse totale de proteines. La technique utilise le fait que la mesure directe de la radioactivite du 14C des cheveux traites ne detecte que l'absorption en surface. L'absorption totale peut etre determinee apres solubilisation des cheveux. Les donnees obtenues a partir d'amino-acides de ble montrent une penetration significative lors d'une utilisation pour traiter des cheveux a partir d'une formulation de shampoing ou d'apres-shampoing. Une technique similaire a ete exploree vis-a-vis d'un hydrolysat partiel d'une proteine de ble utilisant 14CNO a des fins de marquage, et montre qu'une penetration significative dans les cheveux peut avoir lieu.

  2. The Interstellar 7Li/6Li Ratio in the Diffuse Gas Near IC 443

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ritchey, A. M.; Taylor, C. J.; Federman, S. R.; Lambert, D. L.

    2010-11-01

    Supernova remnants are believed to be the primary acceleration sites of Galactic cosmic rays (GCR), which are essential to gas-phase interstellar chemistry since they are a major source of ionization in both diffuse and dense environments. The interaction of accelerated particles with interstellar gas will also synthesize isotopes of the light elements Li, Be, and B through the spallation of CNO nuclei (producing all stable LiBeB isotopes) and through α+α fusion (yielding 6Li and 7Li, only). Type II supernovae may provide an additional source of 7Li and 11B during core collapse through neutrino-induced spallation in the He and C shells of the progenitor star (the ν-process). However, direct observational evidence for light element synthesis resulting from cosmic-ray or neutrino-induced spallation is rare. Here, we examine 7Li/6Li isotope ratios along four lines of sight through the supernova remnant IC 443 using observations of the Li I λ6707 doublet made with the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) at McDonald Observatory. The 7Li/6Li ratio in the general interstellar medium is expected to be similar to the ratio of ~12 that characterizes solar system material. A local enhancement in the cosmic-ray flux will act to lower 7Li/6Li, yielding a ratio of ~2 when cosmic rays dominate Li synthesis. Gamma-ray emission from IC 443 provides strong evidence for the interaction of cosmic rays accelerated by the remnant with the ambient atomic and molecular gas. Yet this material has also been contaminated by the ejecta of a Type II supernova, which should be enriched in 7Li. We are seeking 7Li/6Li ratios that are either higher than the solar system ratio as a result of the ν-process or lower due to cosmic-ray spallation. Since the fine structure separation of the Li I doublet is comparable to the isotope shift (~7 km s-1) and each fine structure line is further split into hyperfine components, the velocity structure along the line of sight must be carefully constrained if meaningful 7Li/6Li ratios are to be determined. In our analysis, the strongest components seen in K I and CH are used to synthesize the complex Li I profiles. We will discuss the implications of our results on 7Li/6Li (and Li/K) ratios in the context of Li production by Type II supernovae.

  3. Metallicities and Nucleosynthesis Patterns in Early Generation Halo Stars

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Beers, T.

    2004-05-01

    I review our present knowledge of the Metallicity Distribution Function of stars in the low-metallicity tail of the halo population of the Galaxy, and the variety of observed elemental signatures that might be associated with particular astrophysical origins in the early Universe. Such signatures include stars that exhibit (a) highly and mildly enhanced r-process element ratios, as compared to the solar ratios, (b) highly s-process enriched stars, (c) stars showing large enrichments of both the r- and and s-process elements, and (d) stars that are greatly enhanced in the light element species, such as CNO, and (in some cases) the alpha elements. Because the stars in which these characteristics are observed all have metallicity [Fe/H] ≤ -2.5, they are inferred to have formed no more than 0.5-1 Gyrs after the Big Bang, prior to the final assemblage of the Milky Way. As such, they provide our best available probes of the nature of early element producers, such as Type II SN and hypernovae, as well as binaries that included (now deceased) stars of intermediate (1.5 - 3 Mo) masses. I outline ongoing and future plans for dramatically accelerating the pace of discovery of these rare, but clearly important, objects. Partial support for this work has been received from NSF grants AST 00-98508 and AST 00-98549, and from JINA, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, an NSF Physics Frontier Center.

  4. Trinitromethyl Ethers and Other Derivatives as Superior Oxidizers

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-08-26

    well as comparable or superior energy content, so that its performance will be at least equivalent to that of AP. Oxygen balance (relative to CO2) for...21]: 6 C(NO2)4 + M+Cl – → ClC(NO2)3 + M+NO2 – ClC(NO2)3 + LiBr → BrC(NO2)3 + ClC(NO2)2Br BrC(NO2)3 + LiCl → ClC(NO2)3 + LiBr ...hindrance parameter α > 8.87 would not be stable; where Ustrain is the strain energy or the potential energy of the molecule in the minimum position

  5. An Experimentalist's Overview of Solar Neutrinos

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Oser, Scott M.

    2012-02-01

    Four decades of solar neutrino research have demonstrated that solar models do a remarkable job of predicting the neutrino fluxes from the Sun, to the extent that solar neutrinos can now serve as a calibrated neutrino source for experiments to understand neutrino oscillations and mixing. In this review article I will highlight the most significant experimental results, with emphasis on the latest model-independent measurements from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. The solar neutrino fluxes are seen to be generally well-determined experimentally, with no indications of time variability, while future experiments will elucidate the lower energy part of the neutrino spectrum, especially pep and CNO neutrinos.

  6. Workplace abuse: finding solutions.

    PubMed

    Christmas, Kate

    2007-01-01

    The atmosphere within the work setting speaks volumes about your culture, and is often a primary factor in recruitment and retention (or turnover) of staff. Workplace tension and abuse are significant contributing factors as to why nurses are exiting workplaces--and even leaving the profession. Abuse can take many forms from inappropriate interpersonal communication to sexual harassment and even violence. Administrators should adopt a zero tolerance policy towards abusive communication. Addressing peer behavior is essential, but positive behavior must also be authentically modeled from the CNO and other nursing leaders. Raising awareness and holding individuals accountable for their behavior can lead to a safer and more harmonious work environment.

  7. Hot CNO and p-capture nucleosynthesis in intermediate-mass AGB stars.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    D'Antona, F.; Ventura, P.

    When the judgement on the reliability of models for ``multiple" populations in globular clusters is based on the nucleosynthesis needed to produce the anomalous abundances of light elements, the asymptotic giant branch scenario remains the only game in town. We discuss this evidence, together with the difficulties that this model too has to face in dealing with the direct comparison between the observed abundances and predicted yields. We show that a reduction of the cross section of the 23Na(p,alpha )20Ne reaction at T∼100MK is the main requirement that could allow to ease or fully solve the problems.

  8. Pre-supernova models at low metallicities

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hirschi, Raphael

    ¢ A series of fast rotating models at very low metallicity (Z 10 8 ) was computed in order to¡ explain the surface abundances observed at the surface of CEMP stars, in particular for nitrogen. The main results are the following: - Strong mixing occurs during He-burning and leads to important primary nitrogen produc- tion. - Important mass loss takes place in the RSG stage for the most massive models. The 85 M£ model loses about three quarter of its initial mass, becomes a WO star and could produce a GRB. - The CNO elements of HE1327-2326 could have been produced in massive rotating stars and ejected by their stellar winds.

  9. Chemical composition of stars in globular clusters: M5, M13, and M3

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pilachowski, C.A.; Wallerstein, G.; Myckky Leep, E.

    The composition of giant stars in the globular clusters M3, M5, and M13 have been determined by detailed model atmosphere analysis; the average iron deficiencies relative to the Sun are -1.55, -1.33, and -1.42, respectively. Oxygen is overabundant relative to iron in M3 and M5 but not in M13. Differences in the oxygen abundance can account for variation in horizontal-branch morphology; clusters of intermediate metallicity with high oxygen have red horizontal-branch stars, and those with low oxygen have only blue horizontal-branch stars Z/sub cno/ is the second abundance parameter.

  10. Lightweight Towed Howitzer Demonstrator. Phase 1 and Partial Phase 2. Volume F. Systems Engineering Analysis (QA, Test Plans).

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-04-01

    FAIILURE MOVDE SPECMEN LOAD REQ ’D PE (ADHES ION, SPC NO. WI=l ADHESIVE TOD PEEI 5 IN. STRENG COHESION, OR RANZ’IT1= W (IN) THICKESS P (LBS) P/W BASE...area, squat * incries nomina. thickness 9 moeasuced widthl) b - width. measured to ;@&cost 0.00, inch (se T nabnle ht 1117s .31culated Eros nominal...no&na 101ms-sec1ona area. squat LneCes(nooln cno 7:*s-n 4 c nm i tickes., I a (measured Vkdthl f. Tonse Strain Uti .L ,c-o &n./Ln. - See Flbque 4 The

  11. Multiplicities of secondaries in interactions of 1.8 GeV/nucleon Fe-56 nuclei with photoemulsion and the cascade evaporation model

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dudkin, V. E; Kovalev, E. E.; Nefedov, N. A.; Antonchik, V. A.; Bogdanov, S. D.; Ostroumov, V. I.; Crawford, H. J.; Benton, E. V.

    1995-01-01

    A nuclear photographic emulsion method was used to study the charge-state, ionization, and angular characteristics of secondaries produced in inelastic interactions of Fe-56 nuclei at 1.8 GeV/nucleon with H, CNO, and AgBr nuclei. The data obtained are compared with the results of calculations made in terms of the Dubna version of the cascade evaporation model (DCM). The DCM has been shown to satisfactorily describe most of the interaction characteristics for two nuclei in the studied reactions. At the same time, quantitative differences are observed in some cases.

  12. Chemical Laser Systems: An Engineering Approach. Volume I. Chemical Laser Analysis Program

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1979-01-31

    C* *CPCALC S040 CO CNO C V ALUES ASTORED IN RNITS Of NLUE-DOR JITKROLEoKJ AND TAPULATED *CPCALC OSSO CO BY TEMPERATURE (ROW) FROM 0 K TO 3000 K IM...KMOLEi P PRESSURE EPA) P DENSITY fKG/M31 REI REYNOLDS NUMBER T : TEMPERATURE CKI W i MASS FLOW RATE (KG/S] X a MOLAR FLOW RATE (KNOLE/S) REPEAYEO...200000E#67 PA REI * 21363AE*04 I ZISE0K10 JSSE0RI a .288884E- 1 KS/N3 Pie :174617f#01@ KG/N3 POINT 2 ’PRIMARY NOZZLE EXIT - CONDITIONS IASED ON THE

  13. Transition to intensive care nursing: establishing a starting point.

    PubMed

    Boyle, Martin; Butcher, Rand; Conyers, Vicki; Kendrick, Tina; MacNamara, Mary; Lang, Susie

    2008-11-01

    There is a shortage of intensive care (IC) nurses. A supported transition to IC nursing has been identified as a key strategy for recruitment and retention. In 2004 a discussion document relating to transition of IC nurses was presented to the New South Wales (NSW) Chief Nursing Officer (CNO). A workshop was held with key stakeholders and a Steering Group was established to develop a state-wide transition to IC nursing program. To survey orientation programs and educational resources and develop definitions, goals, learning objectives and clinical competencies relating to transition to IC nursing practice. A questionnaire and a draft document of definitions, target group, goals, learning objectives and clinical competencies for IC transition was distributed to 43 NSW IC units (ICUs). An iterative process of anonymous feedback and modification was undertaken to establish agreement on content. Responses were received from 29 units (return rate of 67%). The survey of educational resources indicated ICUs had access to educational support and there was evidence of a lack of a common standard or definition for "orientation" or "transition". The definitions, target group, goals and competency statements from the draft document were accepted with minor editorial change. Seventeen learning objectives or psychomotor skills were modified and an additional 19 were added to the draft as a result of the process. This work has established valid definitions, goals, learning objectives and clinical competencies that describe transition to intensive care nursing.

  14. HST-COS Observations of Hydrogen, Helium, Carbon, and Nitrogen Emission from the SN 1987A Reverse Shock

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    France, Kevin; McCray, Richard; Penton, Steven V.; Kirshner, Robert P.; Challis, Peter; Laming, J. Martin; Bouchet, Patrice; Chevalier, Roger; Garnavich, Peter M.; Fransson, Claes; Heng, Kevin; Larsson, Josefin; Lawrence, Stephen; Lundqvist, Peter; Panagia, Nino; Pun, Chun S. J.; Smith, Nathan; Sollerman, Jesper; Sonneborn, George; Sugerman, Ben; Wheeler, J. Craig

    2011-12-01

    We present the most sensitive ultraviolet observations of Supernova 1987A to date. Imaging spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope-Cosmic Origins Spectrograph shows many narrow (Δv ~ 300 km s-1) emission lines from the circumstellar ring, broad (Δv ~ 10-20 × 103 km s-1) emission lines from the reverse shock, and ultraviolet continuum emission. The high signal-to-noise ratio (>40 per resolution element) broad Lyα emission is excited by soft X-ray and EUV heating of mostly neutral gas in the circumstellar ring and outer supernova debris. The ultraviolet continuum at λ > 1350 Å can be explained by H I two-photon (2s 2 S 1/2-1s 2 S 1/2) emission from the same region. We confirm our earlier, tentative detection of N V λ1240 emission from the reverse shock and present the first detections of broad He II λ1640, C IV λ1550, and N IV] λ1486 emission lines from the reverse shock. The helium abundance in the high-velocity material is He/H = 0.14 ± 0.06. The N V/Hα line ratio requires partial ion-electron equilibration (Te /Tp ≈ 0.14-0.35). We find that the N/C abundance ratio in the gas crossing the reverse shock is significantly higher than that in the circumstellar ring, a result that may be attributed to chemical stratification in the outer envelope of the supernova progenitor. The N/C abundance may have been stratified prior to the ring expulsion, or this result may indicate continued CNO processing in the progenitor subsequent to the expulsion of the circumstellar ring. Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.

  15. A Time-domain Analysis of Nitrogen-rich Quasars.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dittmann, Alexander; Liu, Xin; Shen, Yue; Jiang, Linhua

    2018-01-01

    A small population of quasars exhibit anomalously high nitrogen-to-carbon ratios (N/C) in their emission lines. These “nitrogen-rich” (N-rich) quasars have been difficult to explain. Few of the possible mechanism are natural, since stellar populations with abnormally high metallicities are required to produce an N-rich interstellar medium. N-rich quasars are also more likely to be “radio-loud” than average quasars, which is difficult to explain by invoking higher metallicity alone. Recently, tidal disruption events (TDEs) have been proposed as a mechanism for N-rich quasars. Such a TDE would occur between a supersolar mass star and a supermassive black hole. The CNO cycle creates a surplus of N-rich and carbon-deficient material that could naturally explain the N/C observed in N-rich quasars. The TDE hypothesis explains N-rich quasars without requiring extremely exotic stellar populations. A testable difference differentiating the TDE explanation and exotic stellar population scenarios is that TDEs do not produce enough N-rich material to pollute the quasar environment for extended periods of time, in which case N-rich phenomena in quasars would be transient. By analyzing changes in nitrogen and carbon line widths in time-separated spectra of N-rich quasars, we have studied nitrogen abundance in quasars which had previously been identified as nitrogen rich. We have found that over time-frames of greater than one year in the quasar rest frame, nitrogen abundance tends to systematically decrease. The observed decrease is larger than our estimate of the effects of noise based on spectra separated by smaller time frames. Additionally, x-ray observations of one N-rich quasar have demonstrated that its x-ray emission is an outlier among the quasar population, but similar to confirmed TDEs.

  16. Tracking the Time-Dependent Role of the Hippocampus in Memory Recall Using DREADDs.

    PubMed

    Varela, Carmen; Weiss, Sarah; Meyer, Retsina; Halassa, Michael; Biedenkapp, Joseph; Wilson, Matthew A; Goosens, Ki Ann; Bendor, Daniel

    2016-01-01

    The hippocampus is critical for the storage of new autobiographical experiences as memories. Following an initial encoding stage in the hippocampus, memories undergo a process of systems-level consolidation, which leads to greater stability through time and an increased reliance on neocortical areas for retrieval. The extent to which the retrieval of these consolidated memories still requires the hippocampus is unclear, as both spared and severely degraded remote memory recall have been reported following post-training hippocampal lesions. One difficulty in definitively addressing the role of the hippocampus in remote memory retrieval is the precision with which the entire volume of the hippocampal region can be inactivated. To address this issue, we used Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs), a chemical-genetic tool capable of highly specific neuronal manipulation over large volumes of brain tissue. We find that remote (>7 weeks after acquisition), but not recent (1-2 days after acquisition) contextual fear memories can be recalled after injection of the DREADD agonist (CNO) in animals expressing the inhibitory DREADD in the entire hippocampus. Our data demonstrate a time-dependent role of the hippocampus in memory retrieval, supporting the standard model of systems consolidation.

  17. Fingerprints of carbon, nitrogen, and silicon isotopes in small interstellar SiC grains from the Murchison meteorite

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hoppe, Peter; Geiss, Johannes; Buehler, Fritz; Neuenschwander, Juerg; Amari, Sachiko; Lewis, Roy S.

    1993-01-01

    We report ion microprobe determinations of the carbon, nitrogen, and silicon isotopic compositions of small SiC grains from the Murchison CM2 chondrite. Analyses were made on samples containing variable numbers of grains and on 14 individual grains. In some cases the multiple-grain sample compositions were probably dominated by only one or two grains. Total ranges observed are given. Only a few grains show values near the range limits. Both the total ranges of carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions, and even the narrower ranges typical for the majority of the grains, are similar to those observed for larger SiC grains. Two rare components appear to be present in the smaller-size fraction, one characterized by C-12/C-13 about 12-16 and the other by very heavy nitrogen. The carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions qualitatively may reflect hydrostatic H-burning via the CNO cycle and He-burning in red giants, as well as explosive H-burning in novae. The silicon isotopic compositions of most grains qualitatively show what is the signature of He-burning. The silicon isotopic composition of one grain, however, suggests a different process.

  18. Tracking the Time-Dependent Role of the Hippocampus in Memory Recall Using DREADDs

    PubMed Central

    Varela, Carmen; Weiss, Sarah; Meyer, Retsina; Halassa, Michael; Biedenkapp, Joseph; Wilson, Matthew A.; Goosens, Ki Ann

    2016-01-01

    The hippocampus is critical for the storage of new autobiographical experiences as memories. Following an initial encoding stage in the hippocampus, memories undergo a process of systems-level consolidation, which leads to greater stability through time and an increased reliance on neocortical areas for retrieval. The extent to which the retrieval of these consolidated memories still requires the hippocampus is unclear, as both spared and severely degraded remote memory recall have been reported following post-training hippocampal lesions. One difficulty in definitively addressing the role of the hippocampus in remote memory retrieval is the precision with which the entire volume of the hippocampal region can be inactivated. To address this issue, we used Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs), a chemical-genetic tool capable of highly specific neuronal manipulation over large volumes of brain tissue. We find that remote (>7 weeks after acquisition), but not recent (1–2 days after acquisition) contextual fear memories can be recalled after injection of the DREADD agonist (CNO) in animals expressing the inhibitory DREADD in the entire hippocampus. Our data demonstrate a time-dependent role of the hippocampus in memory retrieval, supporting the standard model of systems consolidation. PMID:27145133

  19. Optical characterization of shock-induced chemistry in the explosive nitromethane using DFT and time-dependent DFT

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pellouchoud, Lenson; Reed, Evan

    2014-03-01

    With continual improvements in ultrafast optical spectroscopy and new multi-scale methods for simulating chemistry for hundreds of picoseconds, the opportunity is beginning to exist to connect experiments with simulations on the same timescale. We compute the optical properties of the liquid phase energetic material nitromethane (CH3NO2) for the first 100 picoseconds behind the front of a simulated shock at 6.5km/s, close to the experimentally observed detonation shock speed. We utilize molecular dynamics trajectories computed using the multi-scale shock technique (MSST) for time-resolved optical spectrum calculations based on both linear response time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) and the Kubo-Greenwood (KG) formula within Kohn-Sham DFT. We find that TDDFT predicts optical conductivities 25-35% lower than KG-based values and provides better agreement with the experimentally measured index of refraction of unreacted nitromethane. We investigate the influence of electronic temperature on the KG spectra and find no significant effect at optical wavelengths. With all methods, the spectra evolve non-monotonically in time as shock-induced chemistry takes place. We attribute the time-resolved absorption at optical wavelengths to time-dependent populations of molecular decomposition products, including NO, CNO, CNOH, H2O, and larger molecules. Supported by NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship (NSTRF) #NNX12AM48H.

  20. All Prime Contract Awards by State or Country, and Contractor. Part 7. (Adel Georgia - La Grange Illinois)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-01-01

    Ien’) I C)(o0)N00.-40oC’) 0 -iN4 C’ ) In .-4 00 T’ 0000 11I 1 IeC )- Ir Oi404-i" N - C’) 0> N 00 1i Iec (, it 0 -4 N CN ) In t0) 00I,_ ON)l 0 -4 Tr(0 vt...N 2N Z* 0-4 ZN c" D-4 U) 11. o zo 61010 - C> 0000 .40 cno000 ILOC 1-40 (00 40 00, LL M( -.1 ck -4 W-1U0-11 I KL) .000 4ɘ -000 20 0 0) -to co0 ZNC 1

  1. Ring Nebulae: Tracers of the CNO Nucleosynthesis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mesa-Delgado, A.; Esteban, C.; García-Rojas, J.

    Preliminary results are presented from spectroscopic data in the optical range of the Galactic ring nebulae NGC 6888, G2:4+1:4, RCW 58 and Sh2-308. Deep observations with long exposure times were carried out at the 6.5m Clay Telescope and at the 10.4m Gran Telescopio Canarias. In NGC 6888, recombination lines of C ii, O ii and N ii are detected with signal-to-noise ratios higher than 8. The chemical content of NGC 6888 is discussed within the chemical enrichment predicted by evolution models of massive stars. For all nebulae, a forthcoming work will content in-depth details about observations, analysis and final results (Esteban et al. 2015, in prep.).

  2. Room-temperature ferromagnetism observed in C-/N-/O-implanted MgO single crystals

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Qiang; Ye, Bonian; Hao, Yingping; Liu, Jiandang; Zhang, Jie; Zhang, Lijuan; Kong, Wei; Weng, Huimin; Ye, Bangjiao

    2013-01-01

    MgO single crystals were implanted with 70 keV C/N/O ions at room temperature with respective doses of 2 × 1016 and 2 × 1017 ions/cm2. All samples with high-dose implantation showed room temperature hysteresis in magnetization loops. Magnetization and slow positron annihilation measurements confirmed that room temperature ferromagnetism in O-implanted samples was attributed to the presence of Mg vacancies. Furthermore, the introduction of C or N played more effective role in ferromagnetic performance than Mg vacancies. Moreover, the magnetic moment possibly occurred from the localized wave function of unpaired electrons and the exchange interaction formed a long-range magnetic order.

  3. A Tale of Two Stars: The Extreme O7 Iaf+ Supergiant AV 83 and the OC7.5 III((f)) star AV 69

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hillier, D. John; Lanz, T.; Heap, S. R.; Hubeny, I.; Smith, L. J.; Evans, C. J.; Lennon, D. J.; Bouret, J. C.

    2003-05-01

    We present a detailed study of AV 83, an O7 Iaf+ supergiant, and AV 69 [OC7.5 III((f))] in the SMC. The stars have similar effective temperatures and luminosities but show very different wind signatures. For our study we have used the non-LTE line-blanketed atmosphere code developed by Hillier and Miller, which explicitly allows for line blanketing by C, N, O, S, Ar, Ne, Fe, and other elements. Our study finds that AV 83 has an effective temperature of approximately 33,000 K and logg~3.25. It has an extended photosphere as a result of a ``low'' effective surface gravity and a much denser wind than main-sequence O stars. We can match the spectrum only by using a slow velocity law with β~2, a value that is much larger than the values of around 1 predicted by standard radiation wind theory. Further, we show that the Hα emission profile in AV 83 is sensitive to the adopted surface gravity. To fit the spectrum of AV 83, we have considered conventional models in which the wind is smooth and alternate models in which the winds are highly clumped. Both types of winds yield a satisfactory fit to the majority of lines in the observed spectrum; however, strong UV photospheric lines and the P V resonance transitions favor a clumped wind. If clumping is important, it must begin at relatively low velocities (i.e., 30 km s-1, not 300 km s-1). In the smooth wind, the line force is too small to drive the wind. In the clumped wind, the line force is generally sufficient to drive the wind, although there are still some discrepancies around the sonic point. In AV 83, the N abundance is substantially enhanced relative to normal SMC abundances, while both C and O are SMC-like, consistent with the presence of internally processed CNO material at the stellar surface. The N III λ4640 multiplet, which is known to be produced by dielectronic recombination, is well reproduced by the models. These lines, and the adjacent C III λ4649 multiplet, show a significant sensitivity to surface gravity, as well as the usual sensitivity to abundance and effective temperature. Incoherent electron scattering, occurring within the photosphere, can explain the broad wings seen on these lines. We have modeled the Fe spectrum (Fe IV-Fe VI) in the UV in both AV 83 and AV 69. For stars with an effective temperature around 33,000 K, the Fe IV-to-Fe V line ratios form a useful effective temperature diagnostic and give results consistent with those found from optical and UV line diagnostics. The derived iron abundance, which is sensitive to the adopted microturbulent velocity, is 0.2-0.4 times the solar iron abundance in AV 83, while 0.2 solar gives a good fit for AV 69. The wind of AV 69 is substantially less dense than that of AV 83. Because of the lack of suitable diagnostics, it is impossible to constrain the mass-loss rate and velocity law independently. Its spectrum indicates that it has a similar effective temperature to AV 83 (Teff~34,000 K), a substantially higher gravity (logg=3.5) than AV 83, and a CNO abundance pattern that has not been influenced by internal CNO processing. We show that the N/C abundance ratio is substantially below solar, in agreement with SMC nebular and stellar abundance studies. The differences between the spectra of AV 83 and AV 69, and between the derived masses and surface abundances, are striking. We have examined possible causes, and only one seems consistent with the observations and our current understanding of massive star evolution. AV 83 was most likely a fast rotator that experienced rotationally enhanced mass loss. The presence of enhanced N but almost normal C and O abundances is a direct indication of rotationally induced mixing. On the other hand, AV 69 is a slow rotator. As part of our analyses, we have systematically examined the influence of the H/He abundance ratio, the mass-loss rate, the velocity law, the Fe abundance, microturbulence, and clumping on the theoretical spectrum. We illustrate which lines provide useful diagnostics and highlight some of the difficulties associated with spectroscopic analyses of O stars. The spectrum of AV 83 shows the presence of photospheric absorption lines, the presence of lines formed at the base of the wind, and numerous wind lines. Since these lines sample the photosphere and the entire wind, extreme O If supergiants, such as AV 83, are ideal candidates to probe conditions in stellar winds and hence further our knowledge of O star winds. Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Based in part, on observations with the NASA-CNES-CSA Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer. FUSE is operated by Johns Hopkins University under NASA contract NAS5-32985.

  4. Structures, internal rotor potentials, and thermochemical properties for a series of nitrocarbonyls, nitroolefins, corresponding nitrites, and their carbon centered radicals.

    PubMed

    Snitsiriwat, Suarwee; Asatryan, Rubik; Bozzelli, Joseph W

    2011-12-01

    Structures, enthalpy (Δ(f)H°(298)), entropy (S°(T)), and heat capacity (C(p)(T)) are determined for a series of nitrocarbonyls, nitroolefins, corresponding nitrites, and their carbon centered radicals using the density functional B3LYP and composite CBS-QB3 calculations. Enthalpies of formation (Δ(f)H°(298)) are determined at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p), B3LYP/6-31+G(2d,2p), and composite CBS-QB3 levels using several work reactions for each species. Entropy (S) and heat capacity (C(p)(T)) values from vibration, translational, and external rotational contributions are calculated using the rigid-rotor-harmonic-oscillator approximation based on the vibration frequencies and structures obtained from the density functional studies. Contribution to Δ(f)H(T), S, and C(p)(T) from the analysis on the internal rotors is included. Recommended values for enthalpies of formation of the most stable conformers of nitroacetone cc(═o)cno2, acetonitrite cc(═o)ono, nitroacetate cc(═o)no2, and acetyl nitrite cc(═o)ono are -51.6 kcal mol(-1), -51.3 kcal mol(-1), -45.4 kcal mol(-1), and -58.2 kcal mol(-1), respectively. The calculated Δ(f)H°(298) for nitroethylene c═cno2 is 7.6 kcal mol(-1) and for vinyl nitrite c═cono is 7.2 kcal mol(-1). We also found an unusual phenomena: an intramolecular transfer reaction (isomerization) with a low barrier (3.6 kcal mol(-1)) in the acetyl nitrite. The NO of the nitrite (R-ONO) in CH(3)C(═O')ONO moves to the C═O' oxygen in a motion of a stretching frequency and then a shift to the carbonyl oxygen (marked as O' for illustration purposes). © 2011 American Chemical Society

  5. Recurrent novae

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hack, Margherita; Selvelli, Pierluigi

    1993-01-01

    Recurrent novae seem to be a rather inhomogeneous group: T CrB is a binary with a M III companion; U Sco probably has a late dwarf as companion. Three are fast novae; two are slow novae. Some of them appear to have normal chemical composition; others may present He and CNO excess. Some present a mass-loss that is lower by two orders of magnitude than classical novae. However, our sample is too small for saying whether there are several classes of recurrent novae, which may be related to the various classes of classical novae, or whether the low mass-loss is a general property of the class or just a peculiarity of one member of the larger class of classical novae and recurrent novae.

  6. Neutrino measurements from the Sun and Earth: Results from Borexino

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bellini, G.; Benziger, J.; Bick, D.; Bonfini, G.; Bravo, D.; Caccianiga, B.; Cadonati, L.; Calaprice, F.; Caminata, A.; Cavalcante, P.; Chavarria, A.; Chepurnov, A.; D'Angelo, D.; Davini, S.; Derbin, A.; Empl, A.; Etenko, A.; Fomenko, K.; Franco, D.; Gabriele, F.; Galbiati, C.; Gazzana, S.; Ghiano, C.; Giammarchi, M.; Göger-Neff, M.; Goretti, A.; Gromov, M.; Hagner, C.; Hungerford, E.; Ianni, Aldo; Ianni, Andrea; Kobychev, V.; Korablev, D.; Korga, G.; Kryn, D.; Laubenstein, M.; Lehnert, B.; Lewke, T.; Litvinovich, E.; Lombardi, F.; Lombardi, P.; Ludhova, L.; Lukyanchenko, G.; Machulin, I.; Manecki, S.; Maneschg, W.; Marcocci, S.; Meindl, Q.; Meroni, E.; Meyer, M.; Miramonti, L.; Misiaszek, M.; Montuschi, M.; Mosteiro, P.; Muratova, V.; Oberauer, L.; Obolensky, M.; Ortica, F.; Otis, K.; Pallavicini, M.; Papp, L.; Perasso, L.; Pocar, A.; Ranucci, G.; Razeto, A.; Re, A.; Romani, A.; Rossi, N.; Saldanha, R.; Salvo, C.; Schönert, S.; Simgen, H.; Skorokhvatov, M.; Smirnov, O.; Sotnikov, A.; Sukhotin, S.; Suvorov, Y.; Tartaglia, R.; Testera, G.; Vignaud, D.; Vogelaar, R. B.; von Feilitzsch, F.; Wang, H.; Winter, J.; Wojcik, M.; Wright, A.; Wurm, M.; Zaimidoroga, O.; Zavatarelli, S.; Zuber, K.; Zuzel, G.

    2015-07-01

    Important neutrino results came recently from Borexino, a massive, calorimetric liquid scintillator detector installed at the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory. With its unprecedented radiopurity levels achieved in the core of the detection medium, it is the only experiment in operation able to study in real time solar neutrino interactions in the challenging sub-MeV energy region. The recently achieved breakthrough observation of the fundamental pp flux, the precise measurement of the 7Be solar neutrino flux, and the results concerning the pep, 8B and CNO fluxes, together with their physics implications, are described in this work. Moreover, the detector has also provided a clean detection of terrestrial neutrinos, from which they emerge as a new probe of the interior of the Earth.

  7. Negative ion formation in potassium-nitromethane collisions.

    PubMed

    Antunes, R; Almeida, D; Martins, G; Mason, N J; Garcia, G; Maneira, M J P; Nunes, Y; Limão-Vieira, P

    2010-10-21

    Ion-pair formation in gaseous nitromethane (CH(3)NO(2)) induced by electron transfer has been studied by investigating the products of collisions between fast potassium atoms and nitromethane molecules using a crossed molecular-beam technique. The negative ions formed in such collisions were analysed using time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. The six most dominant product anions are NO(2)(-), O(-), CH(3)NO(2)(-), OH(-), CH(2)NO(2)(-) and CNO(-). By using nitromethane-d(3) (CD(3)NO(2)), we found that previous mass 17 amu assignment to O(-) delayed fragment, is in the present experiment may be unambiguously assigned to OH(-). The formation of CH(2)NO(2)(-) may be explained in terms of dissociative electron attachment to highly vibrationally excited molecules.

  8. Financial literacy as an essential element in nursing management practice.

    PubMed

    Talley, Linda B; Thorgrimson, Diane H; Robinson, Nellie C

    2013-01-01

    Grooming nurses at all levels of the organization to master health care executive skills is critical to the organization's success and the individual's growth. Selecting and executing next steps for nursing leadership team development is critical to success. Leaders must make it their responsibility to provide nurses with increased exposure to quality, safety, and financial data, thereby allowing nurses to translate data while achieving and sustaining successful outcomes. The work of the CNO Dashboard to measure, report, trend, and translate clinical and non-clinical outcomes must be integrated throughout all levels of nursing staff so that nursing practice is positioned to continually strive for best practice. The education and evolution of nurses as business managers is critical to building a strong RN workforce.

  9. Theoretical studies on 2-diazo-4,6-dinitrophenol derivatives aimed at finding superior propellants.

    PubMed

    Liu, Yan; Wang, Lianjun; Wang, Guixiang; Du, Hongchen; Gong, Xuedong

    2012-04-01

    In an attempt to find superior propellants, 2-diazo-4,6-dinitrophenol (DDNP) and its -NO(2), -NH(2), -CN, -NC, -ONO(2), and -NF(2) derivatives were studied at the B3LYP/6-311++G level of density functional theory (DFT). Sensitivity was evaluated using bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) and molecular surface electrostatic potentials. The C-NO(2) bond appears to be the trigger bond during the thermolysis process for these compounds, except for the -ONO(2) and -NF(2) derivatives. Electrostatic potential results show that electron-withdrawing substituents make the charge imbalance more anomalous, which may change the strength of the bond, especially the weakest trigger bond. Most of the DDNP derivatives have the impact sensitivities that are higher than that of DDNP, making them favorable for use as solid propellants in micro-rockets. The theoretical densities (ρ), heats of formation (HOFs), detonation energies (Q), detonation pressures (P), and detonation velocities (D) of the compounds were estimated. The effects of various substituent groups on ρ, HOF, Q, D, and P were investigated. Some derivatives exhibit perfect detonation properties. The calculated relative specific impulses (I (r,sp)) of all compounds except for -NH(2) derivatives were higher than that of DDNP, and also meet the requirements of propellants.

  10. Deciphering the transcriptomic response of Fusarium verticillioides in relation to nitrogen availability and the development of sugarcane pokkah boeng disease

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lin, Zhenyue; Wang, Jihua; Bao, Yixue; Guo, Qiang; Powell, Charles A.; Xu, Shiqiang; Chen, Baoshan; Zhang, Muqing

    2016-07-01

    Pokkah boeng, caused by Fusarium verticillioides, is a serious disease in sugarcane industry. The disease severity is related to the sugarcane genotype as well as environmental considerations, such as nitrogen application. The impact of the nitrogen source (ammonium sulfate, urea, or sodium nitrate) on sugarcane pokkah boeng disease and its pathogen was investigated in planta and fungal growth and sporulation production was measured in vitro. The results showed that ammonium and nitrate were beneficial to fungal mycelium growth, cell densities, and sporulation, which enhanced the disease symptoms of sugarcane pokkah boeng compared to urea fertilization. A total of 1,779 transcripts out of 13,999 annotated genes identified from global transcriptomic analysis were differentially expressed in F. verticillioides CNO-1 grown in the different sources of nitrogen. These were found to be involved in nitrogen metabolism, transport, and assimilation. Many of these genes were also associated with pathogenicity based on the PHI-base database. Several transcription factors were found to be associated with specific biological processes related to nitrogen utilization. Our results further demonstrated that nitrogen availability might play an important role in disease development by increasing fungal cell growth as well as influencing the expression of genes required for successful pathogenesis.

  11. The Curious Case of High-energy Deuterons in Galactic Cosmic Rays

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tomassetti, Nicola; Feng, Jie

    2017-02-01

    A new analysis of cosmic ray (CR) data collected by the SOKOL experiment in space found that the deuteron-to-helium ratio at energies between 500 and 2000 GeV/nucleon takes the value d/He ˜ 1.5. As we will show, this result cannot be explained by standard models of secondary CR production in the interstellar medium and points to the existence of a high-energy source of CR deuterons. To account for the deuteron excess in CRs, we argue that the only viable solution is hadronic interaction processes of accelerated particles inside old supernova remnants (SNRs). From this mechanism, however, the B/C ratio is also expected to increase at energies above ˜50 of GeV/nucleon, in conflict with new precision data just released by the AMS-02 experiment. Hence, if this phenomenon is a real physical effect, hadronic production of CR deuterons must occur in SNRs characterized by low metal abundance. In such a scenario, the sources accelerating C-{N}-O nuclei are not the same as those accelerating helium or protons, so that the connection between d/He ratio and B/C ratio is broken, and the latter cannot be used to place constraints on the production of light isotopes or antiparticles.

  12. The breakout of the Hot CNO cycle via ^18Ne resonant states

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Almaraz-Calderon, S.; Tan, W.; Aprahamian, A.; Bucher, B.; Gorres, J.; Roberts, A.; Villano, A.; Wiescher, M.; Brune, C.; Heinen, Z.; Massey, T.; Ozkan, N.; Guray, R. T.; Mach, H.

    2010-11-01

    The energy generation rate in the HCNO cycle is limited by the β decay of the waiting point nuclei ^14O and ^15O. However, when the temperatures and densities are high enough (e.g. Novae and X-ray Bursts) it is possible to bypass them by p/α captures resulting in a thermonuclear runaway towards the rp-process. One of the two paths for breakouts from the HCNO cycle is the reaction chain ^14O(α,p)^17F(p,γ)^18Ne(α,p), which proceeds through resonant states on ^18Ne, making their reactions rates very sensitive on the partial and total widths, excitation energies and spins of such resonances. We studied the resonant states in ^18Ne via ^16O(^3He,n) reaction. The neutrons were measured with an array of liquid scintillators using Time-of-Flight and pulse-shape discrimination techniques. The charged particles were detected in coincidence with neutrons by an array of silicon detectors, allowing us to measure α, p, p' and 2p decay branching ratios. Tentative spin assignments were made in comparison with zero range DWBA calculations. This new information will be included in reaction network calculations to evaluate its impact on the nuclear energy generation that occurs in these stellar explosive environments.

  13. Spectral and timing properties of the accreting X-ray millisecond pulsar IGR J17498-2921

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Falanga, M.; Kuiper, L.; Poutanen, J.; Galloway, D. K.; Bozzo, E.; Goldwurm, A.; Hermsen, W.; Stella, L.

    2012-09-01

    Context. IGR J17498-2921 is the third X-ray transient accreting millisecond pulsar discovered by INTEGRAL. It was in outburst for about 40 days beginning on August 08, 2011. Aims: We analyze the spectral and timing properties of the object and the characteristics of X-ray bursts to constrain the physical processes responsible for the X-ray production in this class of sources. Methods: We studied the broad-band spectrum of the persistent emission in the 0.6-300 keV energy band using simultaneous INTEGRAL, RXTE, and Swift data obtained in August-September 2011. We also describe the timing properties in the 2-100 keV energy range such as the outburst lightcurve, pulse profile, pulsed fraction, pulsed emission, time lags, and study the properties of X-ray bursts discovered by RXTE, Swift, and INTEGRAL and the recurrence time. Results: The broad-band average spectrum is well-described by thermal Comptonization with an electron temperature of kTe ~ 50 keV, soft seed photons of kTbb ~ 1 keV, and Thomson optical depth τT ~ 1 in a slab geometry. The slab area corresponds to a black body radius of Rbb ~ 9 km. During the outburst, the spectrum stays remarkably stable with plasma and soft seed photon temperatures and scattering optical depth that are constant within the errors. This behavior has been interpreted as indicating that the X-ray emission originates above the neutron star (NS) surface in a hot slab (either the heated NS surface or the accretion shock). The INTEGRAL, RXTE, and Swift data reveal the X-ray pulsation at a period of 2.5 ms up to ~65 keV. The pulsed fraction is consistent with being constant, i.e. energy independent and has a typical value of 6-7%. The nearly sinusoidal pulses show soft lags that seem to saturate near 10 keV at a rather small value of ~-60 μs with those observed in other accreting pulsars. The short burst profiles indicate that there is a hydrogen-poor material at ignition, which suggests either that the accreted material is hydrogen-deficient, or that the CNO metallicity is up to a factor of about two times solar. However, the variation in the burst recurrence time as a function of ṁ (inferred from the X-ray flux) is much smaller than predicted by helium-ignition models.

  14. The Evolution of Massive Close Binaries: Anomalous Relationship between Nitrogen Abundances and Rotational Velocities

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Song, Hanfeng; Wang, Jiangtao; Song, Fen; Zhang, Ruiyu; Li, Zhi; Peng, Weiguo; Zhan, Qiong; Jing, Jianghong

    2018-05-01

    The combined effects of rotation and mass accretion on the evolution of binary systems are investigated in this work. Rotational binaries provide us with a promising channel that could explain the abnormal phenomenon of the nitrogen abundances in Groups 1 and 2 of the Galactic Hunter diagram. Group 1 contains fast-rotating but nitrogen-unenriched stars, whereas Group 2 includes apparently slowly rotating but nitrogen-enhanced stars. The donor star suffers from heavy mass loss that progressively exposes deep layers of nitrogen and corresponding angular momentum loss that can efficiently spin the star down. Rapid-rotation stars without nitrogen enrichment may be related to mass gainers that had accreted little matter from a close companion and then been spun up to rapid rotation. Nitrogen enrichment of mass gainers can be greatly suppressed by low accreting efficiency, which is induced by critical rotation, thermohaline mixing, and the gradient of mean molecular weight. Nitrogen enrichment due to mass accretion appears to be more efficient than that due to rotational mixing, because there exist thermohaline instabilities during Roche lobe overflow. The mixing in the enlarged convective core reduces carbon and nitrogen abundances but increases oxygen abundances in mass gainers. This process significantly triggers CNO cycling but does not support CN cycling. The orbital separation can be widened because of the nonconservative mass transfer, and this process gives rise to weak tidal torques. Therefore, invoking binaries has the potential to simultaneously explain the observed stars in Groups 1 and 2 of the Galactic Hunter diagram.

  15. Abundance of nitrogen in QSOs

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Shields, G.A.

    1976-03-01

    Models of photoionized QSO emission-line regions show that measurements of O iii/N iv/C iv or N iii/C iii can yield the C/N/O ratios to an accuracy of a factor 2 or better. The N iii/C iii intensity ratios observed for the QSO PKS 1756+237 (z=1.72) implies a N/C abundance ratio 5 times larger than the solar value. This is comparable with the nitrogen overabundance in the nuclei of nearby galaxies, and it points to advanced chemical evolution in this QSO, with Zapproximately-greater-thanZ/sub sun/. Such a large abundance of nitrogen appears to be exceptional; composite spectra indicate that most QSOs havemore » (N/O) approximately one-fourth to one-half the solar value. (AIP)« less

  16. Surface composition changes in massive star evolution with mass loss

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Noels, A.; Gabriel, M.; Vreux, J.-M.; Conti, P. S.

    1980-01-01

    A series of evolutionary models of 40-100 solar mass objects undergoing mass loss are constructed with the explicit inclusion of the surface composition of H, He, C, N, O elements. Mass loss rates similar to those observed in Of stars, 4 to 7 x 10 to the -6th solar masses/yr, result in an appearance at the surface of equilibrium CNO products, i.e. enhanced nitrogen and diminished carbon, while that star is still burning hydrogen in the core. This result obtains because the initial convection core is a relatively large fraction of the total mass and rather modest loss exposes levels of anomalous composition. It is suggested that these objects might reasonably be identified as those luminous late type WN stars still containing surface hydrogen.

  17. A study on the co- and adjacent channel protection requirements for mobile satellite ACSSB modulation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sydor, John T.

    1988-01-01

    Samples of speech modulated by narrowband frequency modulation (NBFM) (cellular) and amplitude companded single sideband (ACSSB) radios were subjected to simulated co- and adjacent channel interference environments typical of proposed frequency division multiple access (FDMA) mobile satellite systems. These samples were then listened to by a group of evaluators whose subjective responses to the samples were used to produce a series of graphs showing the relationship between subjective acceptability, carrier to noise density (C/No), carrier to interference ratio (C/I), and frequency offset. The results show that in a mobile satellite environment, ACSSB deteriorates more slowly than NBFM. The co- and adjacent channel protection ratios for both modulation techniques were roughly the same, even though the mechanism for signal deterioration is different.

  18. Direct measurement of the 7Be solar neutrino flux with 192 days of borexino data.

    PubMed

    Arpesella, C; Back, H O; Balata, M; Bellini, G; Benziger, J; Bonetti, S; Brigatti, A; Caccianiga, B; Cadonati, L; Calaprice, F; Carraro, C; Cecchet, G; Chavarria, A; Chen, M; Dalnoki-Veress, F; D'Angelo, D; de Bari, A; de Bellefon, A; de Kerret, H; Derbin, A; Deutsch, M; di Credico, A; di Pietro, G; Eisenstein, R; Elisei, F; Etenko, A; Fernholz, R; Fomenko, K; Ford, R; Franco, D; Freudiger, B; Galbiati, C; Gatti, F; Gazzana, S; Giammarchi, M; Giugni, D; Goeger-Neff, M; Goldbrunner, T; Goretti, A; Grieb, C; Hagner, C; Hampel, W; Harding, E; Hardy, S; Hartman, F X; Hertrich, T; Heusser, G; Ianni, Aldo; Ianni, Andrea; Joyce, M; Kiko, J; Kirsten, T; Kobychev, V; Korga, G; Korschinek, G; Kryn, D; Lagomarsino, V; Lamarche, P; Laubenstein, M; Lendvai, C; Leung, M; Lewke, T; Litvinovich, E; Loer, B; Lombardi, P; Ludhova, L; Machulin, I; Malvezzi, S; Manecki, S; Maneira, J; Maneschg, W; Manno, I; Manuzio, D; Manuzio, G; Martemianov, A; Masetti, F; Mazzucato, U; McCarty, K; McKinsey, D; Meindl, Q; Meroni, E; Miramonti, L; Misiaszek, M; Montanari, D; Monzani, M E; Muratova, V; Musico, P; Neder, H; Nelson, A; Niedermeier, L; Oberauer, L; Obolensky, M; Orsini, M; Ortica, F; Pallavicini, M; Papp, L; Parmeggiano, S; Perasso, L; Pocar, A; Raghavan, R S; Ranucci, G; Rau, W; Razeto, A; Resconi, E; Risso, P; Romani, A; Rountree, D; Sabelnikov, A; Saldanha, R; Salvo, C; Schimizzi, D; Schönert, S; Shutt, T; Simgen, H; Skorokhvatov, M; Smirnov, O; Sonnenschein, A; Sotnikov, A; Sukhotin, S; Suvorov, Y; Tartaglia, R; Testera, G; Vignaud, D; Vitale, S; Vogelaar, R B; von Feilitzsch, F; von Hentig, R; von Hentig, T; Wojcik, M; Wurm, M; Zaimidoroga, O; Zavatarelli, S; Zuzel, G

    2008-08-29

    We report the direct measurement of the 7Be solar neutrino signal rate performed with the Borexino detector at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. The interaction rate of the 0.862 MeV 7Be neutrinos is 49+/-3stat+/-4syst counts/(day.100 ton). The hypothesis of no oscillation for 7Be solar neutrinos is inconsistent with our measurement at the 4sigma C.L. Our result is the first direct measurement of the survival probability for solar nu(e) in the transition region between matter-enhanced and vacuum-driven oscillations. The measurement improves the experimental determination of the flux of 7Be, pp, and CNO solar nu(e), and the limit on the effective neutrino magnetic moment using solar neutrinos.

  19. The development of the red giant branch. I - Theoretical evolutionary sequences

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sweigart, Allen V.; Greggio, Laura; Renzini, Alvio

    1989-01-01

    A grid of 100 evolutionary sequences extending from the zero-age main sequence to the onset of helium burning has been computed for stellar masses between 1.4 and 3.4 solar masses, helium abundances of 0.20 and 0.30, and heavy-element abundances of 0.004, 0.01, and 0.04. Using these computations the transition in the morphology of the red giant branch (RGB) between low-mass stars, which have an extended and luminous first RGB phase prior to helium ignition, and intermediate-mass stars, which do not, is investigated. Extensive tabulations of the numerical results are provided to aid in applying these sequences. The effects of the first dredge-up on the surface helium and CNO abundances of the sequences is discussed.

  20. The abundance of boron in three halo stars

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Duncan, Douglas K.; Lambert, David L.; Lemke, Michael

    1992-01-01

    B abundances for three halo stars: HD 140283, HD 19445, and HD 201891 are presented. Using recent determinations of the Be abundance in HD 140283, B/Be of 10 +5/-4 is found for this star, and similar ratios are inferred for HD 19445 and HD 201891. This ratio is equal to the minimum value of 10 expected from a synthesis of B and Be by high-energy cosmic-ray spallation reactions in the interstellar medium. It is shown that the accompanying synthesis of Li by alpha on alpha fusion reactions is probably a minor contributor to the observed 'primordial' Li of halo stars. The observed constant ratios of B/O and Be/O are expected if the principal channel of synthesis involves cosmic-ray CNO nuclei from the supernovae colliding with interstellar protons.

  1. The response of an RC line MWPC to primary cosmic rays. [Multi-Wire Proportional Counter

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gregory, J. C.; Selig, W. J.; Austin, R. W.; Derrickson, J. H.; Parnell, T. A.

    1978-01-01

    A simple 50 x 50 sq cm MWPC plane was arranged as an RC-line and flown on a balloon flight with the MSFC-UAH Cosmic Ray experiment. Positions of primary cosmic ray tracks in the RC-line were determined by the risetime method and compared with the expected position as indicated by a best line fitted through four planes of the conventional MWPC hodoscope. Mean errors were estimated for sea-level muons, and CNO group and iron group particles. It is believed that the delta-rays accompanying the primaries degraded the position resolution. Measured standard deviations allowing for uncertainty in the true track position are of the order of 1 cm or less in the primary charge region between 7 and 26.

  2. Effect of human leukocyte antigen-C and -DQ matching on pediatric heart transplant graft survival.

    PubMed

    Butts, Ryan J; Savage, Andrew J; Nietert, Paul J; Kavarana, Minoo; Moussa, Omar; Burnette, Ali L; Atz, Andrew M

    2014-12-01

    A higher degree of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching at the A, B, and DR loci has been associated with improved long-term survival after pediatric heart transplantation in multiple International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation registry reports. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of HLA matching at the C and DQ loci with pediatric graft survival. The United Network of Organ Sharing database was queried for isolated heart transplants that occurred from 1988 to 2012 with a recipient age of 17 or younger and at least 1 postoperative follow-up encounter. When HLA matching at the C or DQ loci were analyzed, only transplants with complete typing of donor and recipient at the respective loci were included. Transplants were divided into patients with at least 1 match at the C locus (C-match) vs no match (C-no), and at least 1 match at the DQ (DQ-match) locus vs no match (DQ-no). Primary outcome was graft loss. Univariate analysis was performed with the log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was performed with the following patient factors included in the model: recipient age, ischemic time; recipient on ventilator, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ventricular assist device, or inotropes at transplant; recipient serum bilirubin and creatinine closest to transplant, ratio of donor weight to recipient weight, underlying cardiac diagnosis, crossmatch results, transplant year, and HLA matching at the A, B, and DR loci. Complete typing at the C locus occurred in 2,429 of 4,731 transplants (51%), and complete typing at the DQ locus occurred in 3,498 of 4,731 transplants (74%). Patient factors were similar in C-match and C-no, except for year of transplant (median year, 2007 [interquartile range, 1997-2010] vs year 2005 [interquartile range, 1996-2009], respectively; p = 0.03) and the degree of HLA matching at the A, B, and DR loci (high level of HLA matching in 11.9% vs 3%, respectively; p < 0.01). Matching at the C locus was not associated with a decreased risk of graft loss (median graft survival: 13.1 years [95% confidence interval {CI}, 11.5-14.8] in C-no vs 15.1 years [95% CI, 13.5-16.6) in C-match, p = 0.44 log-rank; hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.76-1.15; p = 0.52). DQ-match did not differ from DQ-no in any of the analyzed patient factors, except DQ-match was more likely to have high degree of matching at the A, B, and DR loci vs DQ-no (9.8% vs 3.2%, p < 0.01). Matching at the DQ locus was not associated with decreased risk of graft loss (median graft survival: DQ-no, 13.1 years [95% CI, 11.7-14.6) vs DQ-match, 13.0 years [95% CI, 11.4-14.6], p = 0.80, log-rank; hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.81-1.1; p = 0.51. Complete typing at the C locus of both donor and recipient occurs less often then typing at the DQ locus. A higher degree of donor-recipient HLA matching at the C locus or the DQ locus appears not to confer any graft survival advantage. Copyright © 2014 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. Spectroscopic Study of HD 179821 (IRAS 19114+0002): Proto-Planetary Nebula or Supergiant?

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Reddy, B. E.; Hrivnak, Bruce J.

    1999-01-01

    A detailed chemical composition analysis of the bright post-AGB candidate HD 179821 (IRAS 19114 + 0002) is presented. The LTE analysis, based on high-resolution (R approximately equal 50,000) and high-quality (S/N approximately equal 300) spectra, yields atmospheric parameters T(sub eff) = 6750 K, log g = 0.5, and xi(sub t) = 5.25 km/s. The elemental abundance results of HD 179821 are found to be [Fe/H] = -0.1, [C/Fe] = +0.2, [N/Fe] = +1.3, [O/Fe] = +0.2, [alpha-process/Fe] = +0.5, and [s-process/Fe] = +0.4. These values clearly differ from the elemental abundances of Population I F supergiants. The C, N, and O abundances and the total CNO abundance value relative to Fe, [C+N+O/Fe] = +0.5, indicate that the photosphere of HD 179821 is contaminated with both the H- and He-burning products of the AGB phase. The evidence for He burning through the 3.alpha process and deep AGB mixing also comes from the observed overabundances of s-process elements. Remarkably, the abundance of the element Na is found to be very large, [Na/Fe] = +0.9. The ratio O/C = 2.6 indicates that the atmosphere is oxygen rich. The results of this abundance study support the argument that HD 179821 is a proto-planetary nebula,. probably with an intermediate-mass progenitor. However, the strength of the O I triplet lines at 7774 A and the distance derived from the interstellar Na I D1 and D2 components imply that the star is a luminous object (M(sub bol) approximately -8.9 +/- 1) and thus a massive supergiant. Thus, while this study contributes important new observational results for this star, an unambiguous determination of its evolutionary status has yet to be achieved.

  4. Model Evaluation of New Techniques for Maintaining High-NO Conditions in Oxidation Flow Reactors for the Study of OH-Initiated Atmospheric Chemistry

    DOE PAGES

    Peng, Zhe; Palm, Brett B.; Day, Douglas A.; ...

    2017-11-27

    Oxidation flow reactors (OFRs) efficiently produce OH radicals using low-pressure Hg-lamp emissions at λ=254 nm (OFR254) or both λ=185 and 254 nm (OFR185). OFRs under most conditions are limited to studying low-NO chemistry (where RO2+HO2 dominates RO2 fate), even though substantial amounts of initial NO may be injected. This is due to very fast NO oxidation by high concentrations of OH, HO2, and O3. Here, we model new techniques for maintaining high-NO conditions in OFRs, i.e., continuous NO addition along the length of the reactor in OFR185 (OFR185-cNO), recently proposed injection of N2O at the entrance of the reactor inmore » OFR254 (OFR254-iN2O), and an extension of that idea to OFR185 (OFR185-iN2O). For these techniques, we evaluate (1) fraction of conditions dominated by RO2+NO while avoiding significant non-tropospheric photolysis and (2) fraction of conditions where reactions of precursors with OH dominate over unwanted reactions with NO3. OFR185-iN2O is the most practical for general high-NO experiments since it represents the best compromise between experimental complexity and performance upon proper usage. Short lamp distances are recommended for OFR185-iN2O to ensure a relatively uniform radiation field. OFR185-iN2O with low O2 or using Hg lamps with higher 185-nm-to-254-nm ratio can improve performance. OFR185-iN2O experiments should generally be conducted at higher relative humidity, higher UV, lower concentration of non-NOy external OH reactants, and percent-level N2O. OFR185-cNO and OFR185-iN2O at optimal NO precursor injection rate (~2 ppb/s) or concentration (~3%) would have satisfactory performance in typical field studies where ambient air is oxidized. Finally, we provide exposure estimation equations to aid experimental planning. This work enables improved high-NO OFR experimental design and interpretation.« less

  5. Model Evaluation of New Techniques for Maintaining High-NO Conditions in Oxidation Flow Reactors for the Study of OH-Initiated Atmospheric Chemistry

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Peng, Zhe; Palm, Brett B.; Day, Douglas A.

    Oxidation flow reactors (OFRs) efficiently produce OH radicals using low-pressure Hg-lamp emissions at λ=254 nm (OFR254) or both λ=185 and 254 nm (OFR185). OFRs under most conditions are limited to studying low-NO chemistry (where RO2+HO2 dominates RO2 fate), even though substantial amounts of initial NO may be injected. This is due to very fast NO oxidation by high concentrations of OH, HO2, and O3. Here, we model new techniques for maintaining high-NO conditions in OFRs, i.e., continuous NO addition along the length of the reactor in OFR185 (OFR185-cNO), recently proposed injection of N2O at the entrance of the reactor inmore » OFR254 (OFR254-iN2O), and an extension of that idea to OFR185 (OFR185-iN2O). For these techniques, we evaluate (1) fraction of conditions dominated by RO2+NO while avoiding significant non-tropospheric photolysis and (2) fraction of conditions where reactions of precursors with OH dominate over unwanted reactions with NO3. OFR185-iN2O is the most practical for general high-NO experiments since it represents the best compromise between experimental complexity and performance upon proper usage. Short lamp distances are recommended for OFR185-iN2O to ensure a relatively uniform radiation field. OFR185-iN2O with low O2 or using Hg lamps with higher 185-nm-to-254-nm ratio can improve performance. OFR185-iN2O experiments should generally be conducted at higher relative humidity, higher UV, lower concentration of non-NOy external OH reactants, and percent-level N2O. OFR185-cNO and OFR185-iN2O at optimal NO precursor injection rate (~2 ppb/s) or concentration (~3%) would have satisfactory performance in typical field studies where ambient air is oxidized. Finally, we provide exposure estimation equations to aid experimental planning. This work enables improved high-NO OFR experimental design and interpretation.« less

  6. Detection of ^11B/^10B: Part II

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Duncan, Douglas

    1999-07-01

    HST observations {e.g. Duncan Etal 1992; 1997} have led to new theories of how cosmic rays {CRs} rich in CNO near massive stars form the light elements Li, Be, and B {e.g. Ramaty Etal 1996, 1998}. The neutrino process in SN, which has never been experimentally verified, should also produce boron, but only ^11B, yielding a very different isotopic ratio than CR spallation. The boron isotope ratio, 11B/10B, can provide a definitive test of both these theories, but its galactic evolution is completely unknown. Our previous GHRS echelle observation of the moderately metal-poor {Fe/H=-1.0} star HD76932 placed a limit on its B isotope ratio, but not a definite value, because possible blending from an unknown spectrum line could not be ruled out {Rebull Etal 1998}. The discovery of a halo star greatly depleted in B {Primas Etal 1998b} provides a wonderful opportunity to make the result definite. By comparing two similar {Fe/H -1.6} stars, which have very different amounts of B, we can rule out or measure any blends. This should give a definite result for 11B/10B at metallcity Fe/H -1.6, an epoch when massive star SN should have dominated galactic nucleosynthesis. Furthermore, we can then use our blending knowledge to reanalyze HD76932, getting a definite result for its 11B/10B ratio as well.

  7. High Resolution Optical Spectroscopy of an Intriguing High-Latitude B-Type Star HD119608

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Şahin, T.

    2018-01-01

    We present an LTE analysis of high resolution echelle optical spectra obtained with the 3.9-m Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT) and the UCLES spectrograph for a B1Ib high galactic latitude supergiant HD119608. A fresh determination of the atmospheric parameters using line-blanketed LTE model atmospheres and spectral synthesis provided T eff = 23 300 ± 1000 K, log g = 3.0 ± 0.3, and the microturbulent velocity ξ = 6.0 ± 1.0 kms-1 and [Fe/H] = 0.16. The rotational velocity of the star was derived fromC, O, N, Al, and Fe lines as v sin i = 55.8 ± 1.3 kms-1. Elemental abundances were obtained for 10 different species. He, Al, and P abundances of the star were determined for the first time. In the spectra, hot post-AGB status as well as the Pop I characteristics of the star were examined. The approximately solar carbon and oxygen abundances, along with mild excess in helium and nitrogen abundances do not stipulate a CNO processed surface composition, hence a hot post-AGB status. The LTE abundances analysis also indicates solar sulphur and moderately enriched magnesium abundances. The average abundances of B dwarfs of well studied OB associations and Population I stars show a striking resemblance to abundances obtained for HD119608 in this study. This may imply a runaway status for the star.

  8. β-delayed γ decay of 20Mg and the 19Ne(p , γ) 20 Na breakout reaction in Type I X-ray bursts

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Glassman, B. E.; Pérez-Loureiro, D.; Wrede, C.; Allen, J.; Bardayan, D. W.; Bennett, M. B.; Brown, B. A.; Chipps, K. A.; Febbraro, M.; Friedman, M.; Fry, C.; Hall, M. R.; Hall, O.; Liddick, S. N.; O'Malley, P.; Ong, W. J.; Pain, S. D.; Prokop, C.; Schwartz, S. B.; Shidling, P.; Sims, H.; Thompson, P.; Zhang, H.

    2018-03-01

    Certain astrophysical environments such as thermonuclear outbursts on accreting neutron stars (Type-I X-ray bursts) are hot enough to allow for breakout from the Hot CNO hydrogen burning cycles to the rapid proton capture (rp) process. An important breakout reaction sequence is 15O(α,γ)19Ne(p,γ)20Na and the 19Ne(p,γ)20Na reaction rate is expected to be dominated by a single resonance at 457 keV above the proton threshold in 20Na. The resonance strength and, hence, reaction rate depends strongly on whether this 20Na state at an excitation energy of 2647 keV has spin and parity of 1+ or 3+. Previous 20Mg (Jπ =0+) β+ decay experiments have relied almost entirely on searches for β-delayed proton emission from this resonance in 20Na to limit the log ft value and, hence, Jπ. However there is a non-negligible γ-ray branch expected that must also be limited experimentally to determine the log ft value and constrain Jπ. We have measured the β-delayed γ decay of 20Mg to complement previous β-delayed proton decay work and provide the first complete limit based on all energetically allowed decay channels through the 2647 keV state. Our limit confirms that a 1+ assignment for this state is highly unlikely.

  9. Multiwavelength Modeling of Nove Atmospheres

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Huschildt, P. H.

    2001-01-01

    LMC 1988 #1 was a slow, CO type, dust forming classical nova. It was the first extragalactic nova to be observed with the IUE satellite. We have successfully fitted observed ultraviolet and optical spectra of LMC 1988 #1 taken within the first two months of its outburst (when the atmosphere was still optically thick) with synthetic spectra computed using PHOENIX nova model atmospheres. The synthetic spectra reproduce most of the features seen in the spectra and provide V band magnitudes consistent with the observed light curve. The fits are improved by increasing the CNO abundances to 10 times the solar values. The bolometric luminosity of LMC 1988 #1 was approximately constant at 2 x 10(exp 38) ergs per second at a distance of 47.3 kpc for the first 2 months of the outburst until the formation of the dust shell.

  10. Abundances in red giant stars - Carbon and oxygen isotopes in carbon-rich molecular envelopes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wannier, P. G.; Sahai, R.

    1987-01-01

    Millimeter-wave observations have been made of isotopically substituted CO toward the envelopes of 11 carbon-rich stars. In every case, C-13O was detected and model calculations were used to estimate the C-12/C-13 abundance ratio. C-17O was detected toward three, and possibly four, envelopes, with sensitive upper limits for two others. The CO-18 variant was detected in two envelopes. New results include determinations of oxygen isotopic ratios in the two carbon-rich protoplanetary nebulae CRL 26688 and CRL 618. As with other classes of red giant stars, the carbon-rich giants seem to be significantly, though variably, enriched in O-17. These results, in combination with observations in interstellar molecular clouds, indicate that current knowledge of stellar production of the CNO nuclides is far from satisfactory.

  11. A High Resolution Spectroscopic Observation of CAL 83 with XMM-Newton/RGS

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Paerels, Frits; Rasmussen, Andrew P.; Hartmann, H. W.; Heise, J.; Brinkman, A. C.; deVries, C. P.; denHerder, J.-W.

    2000-01-01

    We present the first high resolution photospheric X-ray spectrum of a Supersoft X-ray Source, the famous CAL 83 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The spectrum was obtained with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer on XMM-Newton during the Calibration/Performance Verification phase of the observatory. The spectrum covers the range 20-40 A at an approximately constant resolution of 0.05 A, and shows very significant, intricate detail, that is very sensitive to the physical properties of the object. We present the results of an initial investigation of the spectrum, from which we draw the conclusion that the spectral structure is probably dominated by numerous absorption features due to transitions in the Gshells of the mid-2 elements and the M-shell of Fe, in addition to a few strong K-shell features due to CNO.

  12. Beam production of 18Ne with in-flight method for alpha scattering at CRIB

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Duy, N. N.; Chae, K. Y.; Cha, S. M.; Yamaguchi, H.; Abe, K.; Bae, S. H.; Binh, D. N.; Choi, S. H.; Hahn, K. I.; Hayakawa, S.; Hong, B.; Iwasa, N.; Kahl, D.; Khiem, L. H.; Kim, A.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, E. J.; Kim, G. W.; Kim, M. J.; Kwak, K.; Kwag, M. S.; Lee, E. J.; Lim, S. I.; Moon, B.; Moon, J. Y.; Park, S. Y.; Phong, V. H.; Shimizu, H.; Yang, L.; Ge, Z.; Hao, T. V. Nhan

    2018-07-01

    We conducted a measurement of 18Ne + α scattering in inverse kinematics, in order to search for experimental evidence of α-cluster structure in 22Mg above the alpha threshold (Ethr = 8 . 14 MeV) and determine the astrophysical rates of the 18Ne(α, p)21Na reaction under the conditions of break-out from the Hot-CNO cycle. A high intensity 18Ne beam at 2.54 AMeV was successfully produced at CRIB (CNS Radioactive Ion Beam separator) of the Center for Nuclear Study, the University of Tokyo. This paper presents the in-flight production of the radioactive 18Ne beam by using the production reaction 3He(16O, 18Ne)n with a windowed cryogenic gas target, which was employed in the mentioned resonant α-scattering experiment.

  13. Seasonal variabilities in chemical compounds and acidity of aerosol particles at urban site in the west Pacific.

    PubMed

    Pan, Xiaole; Uno, Itsushi; Wang, Zhe; Yamamoto, Shigekazu; Hara, Yukari; Wang, Zifa

    2018-06-01

    Mass concentrations of chemical compounds in both PM 2.5 (particle aerodynamic diameter, Dp < 2.5 μm) and PM 2.5-10 (2.5 < Dp < 10 μm), and acidity of aerosol particles were measured at an urban site in western Japan using a continuous dichotomous Aerosol Chemical Speciation Analyzer (ACSA-12) throughout 2014. Mass concentrations of both PM 2.5 and sulfate had distinct seasonal variabilities with maxima in spring and winter, mostly due to long-range transport with the prevailing westerly wind. Mass concentration of nitrate in PM 2.5 (fNO 3 ) showed an obvious warm-season-low and cold-season-high pattern as a result of both gas-aerosol phase equilibrium processes under high temperature conditions as well as transport. Nitrate in PM 2.5-10 (cNO 3 ) increased during long-range transport of dust, implying the great importance of heterogeneous processes at the surface of coarse mode particles. In this study, Δ[H + ] (derived from the difference in pH of extract liquid with/without sampling) was used to indicate the acidity of particles. We found that acidity of particles in PM 2.5 (fΔH) was mostly positive with a maximum in August because of the large fraction of nitrate and sulfate. Acidity of particles in PM 2.5-10 (cΔH) was negative in winter and spring due to presence of alkaline matter from crustal sources. This study highlights the great importance of anthropogenic pollutants on the acidity of particles in the western Pacific Ocean and further impact on the marine environment and climate. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  14. Solar cosmic ray composition above 10 MeV/nucleon and its energy dependence in the 4 August 1972 event. [including proton, helium, and Fe-group nuclei fluxes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bertsch, D. L.; Biswas, S.; Reames, D. V.

    1974-01-01

    Observations of the proton, helium (C,N,O) and Fe-group nuclei fluxes made during the large 4 August 1972 solar particle event are presented. The results show a small, but significant variation of the composition of multicharged nuclei as a function of energy in the energy region above 10 MeV/nucleon. In particular, the He/(C,N,O) abundance ratio varies by a factor approximately 2 between 10 and 50 MeV/nucleon, and the Fe-group/(C,N,O) ratio suggests a similar variation. Abundance ratios from the 4 August 1972 event are compared as a function of energy with ratios measured in other solar events. At energies approximately greater than 50 MeV/nucleon, the He/(C,N,O) abundance ratio for August 1972 is consistent with all earlier measurements made above that energy.

  15. Chemical Compositions and Anomalies in Stellar Coronae

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Drake, Jeremy; Oliversen, Ronald J. (Technical Monitor)

    2005-01-01

    In summary, as the papers cited here and in earlier reports demonstrate, this award has enabled us to obtain a fairly good picture of the abundance anomalies in stellar coronae. The "inverse FIP" effect in very active stars has now been fleshed out as a more complex anomaly depending on FIP, whereas before it appeared only in terms of a general metal paucity, the recent solar abundance assessment of Asplund et a1 will, if correct, challenge some of the older interpretations of coronal abundance anomalies since they imply quite different relative abundances of CNO compared with Fe, Mg and Si. Further investigations have been in into the possibility of modeling some of the recent coronal abundance anomaly results in terms of Alfven wave-driven separation of neutrals and ions in the upper chromosphere. This work still remains in the seed stage, and future funding from a different program will be requested to pursue it further.

  16. A VLT/UVES spectroscopy study of O2 stars in the LMC

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Doran, Emile I.; Crowther, Paul A.

    2011-01-01

    We have analysed VLT/UVES spectra of six O2 stars within the Large Magellanic Cloud using the non-LTE atmospheric code CMFGEN. A range of physical properties was determined by employing a temperature calibration based upon N IV - N V diagnostics. Wind properties were also obtained from the Hα line, while CNO surface abundances were supplied through various diagnostics. Our results reveal effective temperatures in excess of T_{eff} ˜50 kK in all cases. We also addressed their evolutionary status and favour a mass dependent division. For lower masses ≤100 M⊙Mar, an O2 star follows the classical sequence, evolving from dwarf on to giant, through to supergiant. At higher masses, the dwarf phase may be circumvented and instead O2 stars begin their lives as giants or supergiants, evolving to the H-rich WN stage within ˜1.5 Myr.

  17. Composition and energy spectra of low energy ions observed upstream of the earth's bow shock on ISEE-1

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ipavich, F. M.; Galvin, A. B.; Gloeckler, G.; Hovestadt, D.; Klecker, B.; Scholer, M.; Fan, C. Y.; Fisk, L. A.; Ogallagher, J. J.

    1980-01-01

    The characteristics of eleven locally accelerated particle events in the energy range from 30 to 125 keV/Q observed upstream of the earth's bow shock have been determined, including composition, energy spectra, and intensity versus time profiles. The measurements were made with the Ultra Low Energy Charge Analyzer sensor on ISEE-1. The composition in these events is similar to that of the solar wind, with a He to proton ratio of 8% and a CNO to He ratio of 6%. The composition is reasonably constant only when evaluated at equal energy per charge. The energy spectra cannot be adequately fit by a single power law in energy; an exponential or Maxwellian in energy per charge gives a satisfactory representation of the spectra. The time-intensity profiles of these upstream events show an inverse velocity dispersion, which may provide clues to the responsible acceleration mechanism.

  18. Quantum monodromy and quantum phase transitions in floppy molecules

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Larese, Danielle

    2012-10-01

    A simple algebraic Hamiltonian has been used to explore the vibrational and rotational spectra of the skeletal bending modes of HCNO, BrCNO, NCNCS, and other "floppy" (quasi-linear or quasi-bent) molecules. These molecules have large-amplitude, low-energy bending modes and champagne-bottle potential surfaces, making them good candidates for observing quantum phase transitions (QPT). We describe the geometric phase transitions from bent to linear in these and other non-rigid molecules, quantitatively analyzing the spectroscopic signatures of ground state QPT, excited state QPT, and quantum monodromy. The algebraic framework is ideal for this work because of its small calculational effort yet robust results. Although these methods have historically found success with tri-and four-atomic molecules, we now address five-atomic and simple branched molecules such as CH3NCO and GeH3NCO. Extraction of potential functions are completed for several molecules, resulting in predictions of barriers to linearity and equilibrium bond angles.

  19. The SNO+ Scintillator Purification Plant and Projected Sensitivity to Solar Neutrinos in the Pure Scintillator Phase

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pershing, Teal; SNO+ Collaboration

    2016-03-01

    The SNO+ detector is a neutrino and neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment utilizing the renovated SNO detector. In the second phase of operation, the SNO+ detector will contain 780 tons of organic liquid scintillator composed of 2 g/L 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) in linear alkylbenzene (LAB). In this phase, SNO+ will strive to detect solar neutrinos in the sub-MeV range, including CNO production neutrinos and pp production neutrinos. To achieve the necessary detector sensitivity, a four-part scintillator purification plant has been constructed in SNOLAB for the removal of ionic and radioactive impurities. We present an overview of the SNO+ scintillator purification plant stages, including distillation, water extraction, gas stripping, and metal scavenger columns. We also give the projected SNO+ sensitivities to various solar-produced neutrinos based on the scintillator plant's projected purification efficiency.

  20. Spectral analysis of the He-enriched sdO-star HD 127493

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dorsch, Matti; Latour, Marilyn; Heber, Ulrich

    2018-02-01

    The bright sdO star HD127493 is known to be of mixed H/He composition and excellent archival spectra covering both optical and ultraviolet ranges are available. UV spectra play a key role as they give access to many chemical species that do not show spectral lines in the optical, such as iron and nickel. This encouraged the quantitative spectral analysis of this prototypical mixed H/He composition sdO star. We determined atmospheric parameters for HD127493 in addition to the abundance of C, N, O, Si, S, Fe, and Ni in the atmosphere using non-LTE model atmospheres calculated with TLUSTY/SYNSPEC. A comparison between the parallax distance measured by Hipparcos and the derived spectroscopic distance indicate that the derived atmospheric parameters are realistic. From our metal abundance analysis, we find a strong CNO signature and enrichment in iron and nickel.

  1. Design and monitoring of horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands for treating nursery leachates.

    PubMed

    Narváez, Lola; Cunill, Conrad; Cáceres, Rafaela; Marfà, Oriol

    2011-06-01

    Nursery leachates usually contain high concentrations of nitrates, phosphorus and potassium, so discharging them into the environment often causes pollution. Single-stage or two-stage horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSSCW) filled with different substrates were designed to evaluate the effect and evolution over time of the removal of nitrogen and other nutrients contained in nursery leachates. The addition of sodium acetate to achieve a C:NO(3)(-)-N ratio of 3:1 was sufficient to reach complete denitrification in all HSSCW. The removal rate of nitrate was high throughout the operation period (over 98%). Nevertheless, the removal rate of ammonium decreased about halfway through the operation. Removal of the COD was enhanced by the use of two-stage HSSCW. In general, the substrates and the number of stages of the wetlands did not affect the removal of nitrogen, total phosphorus and potassium. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION OF WEAK G BAND STARS: CNO AND Li ABUNDANCES

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Adamczak, Jens; Lambert, David L., E-mail: adamczak@astro.as.utexas.edu

    We determined the chemical composition of a large sample of weak G band stars-a rare class of G and K giants of intermediate mass with unusual abundances of C, N, and Li. We have observed 24 weak G band stars with the 2.7 m Harlan J. Smith Telescope at the McDonald Observatory and derived spectroscopic abundances for C, N, O, and Li, as well as for selected elements from Na-Eu. The results show that the atmospheres of weak G band stars are highly contaminated with CN-cycle products. The C underabundance is about a factor of 20 larger than for normalmore » giants and the {sup 12}C/{sup 13}C ratio approaches the CN-cycle equilibrium value. In addition to the striking CN-cycle signature the strong N overabundance may indicate the presence of partially ON-cycled material in the atmospheres of the weak G band stars. The exact mechanism responsible for the transport of the elements to the surface has yet to be identified but could be induced by rapid rotation of the main sequence progenitors of the stars. The unusually high Li abundances in some of the stars are an indicator for Li production by the Cameron-Fowler mechanism. A quantitative prediction of a weak G band star's Li abundance is complicated by the strong temperature sensitivity of the mechanism and its participants. In addition to the unusual abundances of CN-cycle elements and Li, we find an overabundance of Na that is in accordance with the NeNa chain running in parallel with the CN cycle. Apart from these peculiarities, the element abundances in a weak G band star's atmosphere are consistent with those of normal giants.« less

  3. Atmospheric Composition of Weak G Band Stars: CNO and Li Abundances

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Adamczak, Jens; Lambert, David L.

    2013-03-01

    We determined the chemical composition of a large sample of weak G band stars—a rare class of G and K giants of intermediate mass with unusual abundances of C, N, and Li. We have observed 24 weak G band stars with the 2.7 m Harlan J. Smith Telescope at the McDonald Observatory and derived spectroscopic abundances for C, N, O, and Li, as well as for selected elements from Na-Eu. The results show that the atmospheres of weak G band stars are highly contaminated with CN-cycle products. The C underabundance is about a factor of 20 larger than for normal giants and the 12C/13C ratio approaches the CN-cycle equilibrium value. In addition to the striking CN-cycle signature the strong N overabundance may indicate the presence of partially ON-cycled material in the atmospheres of the weak G band stars. The exact mechanism responsible for the transport of the elements to the surface has yet to be identified but could be induced by rapid rotation of the main sequence progenitors of the stars. The unusually high Li abundances in some of the stars are an indicator for Li production by the Cameron-Fowler mechanism. A quantitative prediction of a weak G band star's Li abundance is complicated by the strong temperature sensitivity of the mechanism and its participants. In addition to the unusual abundances of CN-cycle elements and Li, we find an overabundance of Na that is in accordance with the NeNa chain running in parallel with the CN cycle. Apart from these peculiarities, the element abundances in a weak G band star's atmosphere are consistent with those of normal giants.

  4. Ammonium sorption and ammonia inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria explain contrasting soil N2O production

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Venterea, R. T.; Sadowsky, M.; Breuillin-Sessoms, F.; Wang, P.; Clough, T. J.; Coulter, J. A.

    2015-12-01

    Better understanding of process controls over nitrous oxide (N2O) production in urine-impacted 'hot spots' and fertilizer bands is needed to improve mitigation strategies and emission models. Following amendment with bovine (Bos taurus) urine (Bu) or urea (Ur), we measured inorganic N, pH, N2O, and genes associated with nitrification in two soils ('L' and 'W') having similar texture, pH, C, and C/N ratio. Solution-phase ammonia (slNH3) was also calculated accounting for non-linear ammonium (NH4+) sorption capacities (ASC). Soil W displayed greater nitrification rates and nitrate (NO3-) levels than soil L, but was more resistant to nitrite (NO2-) accumulation and produced two to ten times less N2O than soil L. Genes associated with NO2- oxidation (nxrA) increased substantially in soil W but remained static in soil L. Soil NO2- was strongly correlated with N2O production, and cumulative (c-) slNH3 explained 87% of the variance in c-NO2-. Differences between soils were explained by greater slNH3 in soil L which inhibited NO2- oxidization leading to greater NO2- levels and N2O production. This is the first study to correlate the dynamics of soil slNH3, NO2-, N2O and nitrifier genes, and the first to show how ASC can regulate NO2- levels and N2O production.

  5. Ammonium sorption and ammonia inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria explain contrasting soil N2O production.

    PubMed

    Venterea, Rodney T; Clough, Timothy J; Coulter, Jeffrey A; Breuillin-Sessoms, Florence; Wang, Ping; Sadowsky, Michael J

    2015-07-16

    Better understanding of process controls over nitrous oxide (N2O) production in urine-impacted 'hot spots' and fertilizer bands is needed to improve mitigation strategies and emission models. Following amendment with bovine (Bos taurus) urine (Bu) or urea (Ur), we measured inorganic N, pH, N2O, and genes associated with nitrification in two soils ('L' and 'W') having similar texture, pH, C, and C/N ratio. Solution-phase ammonia (slNH3) was also calculated accounting for non-linear ammonium (NH4(+)) sorption capacities (ASC). Soil W displayed greater nitrification rates and nitrate (NO3(-)) levels than soil L, but was more resistant to nitrite (NO2(-)) accumulation and produced two to ten times less N2O than soil L. Genes associated with NO2(-) oxidation (nxrA) increased substantially in soil W but remained static in soil L. Soil NO2(-) was strongly correlated with N2O production, and cumulative (c-) slNH3 explained 87% of the variance in c-NO2(-). Differences between soils were explained by greater slNH3 in soil L which inhibited NO2(-) oxidization leading to greater NO2(-) levels and N2O production. This is the first study to correlate the dynamics of soil slNH3, NO2(-), N2O and nitrifier genes, and the first to show how ASC can regulate NO2(-) levels and N2O production.

  6. Ammonium sorption and ammonia inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria explain contrasting soil N2O production

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Venterea, Rodney T.; Clough, Timothy J.; Coulter, Jeffrey A.; Breuillin-Sessoms, Florence

    2015-07-01

    Better understanding of process controls over nitrous oxide (N2O) production in urine-impacted ‘hot spots’ and fertilizer bands is needed to improve mitigation strategies and emission models. Following amendment with bovine (Bos taurus) urine (Bu) or urea (Ur), we measured inorganic N, pH, N2O, and genes associated with nitrification in two soils (‘L’ and ‘W’) having similar texture, pH, C, and C/N ratio. Solution-phase ammonia (slNH3) was also calculated accounting for non-linear ammonium (NH4+) sorption capacities (ASC). Soil W displayed greater nitrification rates and nitrate (NO3-) levels than soil L, but was more resistant to nitrite (NO2-) accumulation and produced two to ten times less N2O than soil L. Genes associated with NO2- oxidation (nxrA) increased substantially in soil W but remained static in soil L. Soil NO2- was strongly correlated with N2O production, and cumulative (c-) slNH3 explained 87% of the variance in c-NO2-. Differences between soils were explained by greater slNH3 in soil L which inhibited NO2- oxidization leading to greater NO2- levels and N2O production. This is the first study to correlate the dynamics of soil slNH3, NO2-, N2O and nitrifier genes, and the first to show how ASC can regulate NO2- levels and N2O production.

  7. Solar neutrino spectroscopy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wurm, Michael

    2017-04-01

    More than forty years after the first detection of neutrinos from the Sun, the spectroscopy of solar neutrinos has proven to be an on-going success story. The long-standing puzzle about the observed solar neutrino deficit has been resolved by the discovery of neutrino flavor oscillations. Today's experiments have been able to solidify the standard MSW-LMA oscillation scenario by performing precise measurements over the whole energy range of the solar neutrino spectrum. This article reviews the enabling experimental technologies: On the one hand multi-kiloton-scale water Cherenkov detectors performing measurements in the high-energy regime of the spectrum, on the other end ultrapure liquid-scintillator detectors that allow for a low-threshold analysis. The current experimental results on the fluxes, spectra and time variation of the different components of the solar neutrino spectrum will be presented, setting them in the context of both neutrino oscillation physics and the hydrogen fusion processes embedded in the Standard Solar Model. Finally, the physics potential of state-of-the-art detectors and a next generation of experiments based on novel techniques will be assessed in the context of the most interesting open questions in solar neutrino physics: a precise measurement of the vacuum-matter transition curve of electron-neutrino oscillation probability that offers a definitive test of the basic MSW-LMA scenario or the appearance of new physics; and a first detection of neutrinos from the CNO cycle that will provide new information on solar metallicity and stellar physics.

  8. An Abundance Analysis of Two Carbon-Rich Proto-Planetary Nebulae: IRAS Z02229+6208 And IRAS 07430+1115

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Reddy, Bacham E.; Bakker, Eric J.; Hrivnak, Bruce J.

    1999-01-01

    In this paper, we present an LTE abundance analysis of two new proto-planetary nebulae, IRAS Z02229 + 6208 and IRAS 07430 + 1115, based on high-resolution (R approximately equal 55,000) optical echelle spectra. Results show that both stars are metal-poor ([Fe/H] = -0.5) and overabundant in C, N, and s-process elements. The average elemental abundances are [C/Fe] = +0.8, [N/Fe] = +1.2, and [s-process/Fe] = +1.4 for IRAS Z02229 + 6208, and [C/Fe] = +0.6, [N/Fe] = +0.4, and [s-process/Fe] = +1.6 for IRAS 07430+ 1115. These abundances suggest that the stars have experienced nucleo-synthesis on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), and the resultant products of CNO, 3alpha, and s-process reactions were brought to the photosphere during shell flashes and deep mixing episodes during the AGB phase of their evolution. Of major significance is the measurement of a high Li abundance in both stars, log epsilon(Li) approximately equal 2.3 and 2.4 for IRAS Z02229 + 6208 and IRAS 07430 + 1115, respectively. This may be the result of hot bottom burning, below the deep convective zone. We also present an analysis of the circumstellar molecular (C2 and CN) and atomic (Na I and K I) absorption spectra of both stars. We derive rotational temperatures, column densities, and envelope expansion velocities using molecular C2 Phillips and CN Red system bands. The values derived for expansion velocities, 8-14 km/s, are typical of the values found for post-AGB stars. IRAS 07430+ 1115 is unusual in that it shows P Cygni-shaped C2 emission profiles in the spectra of the circumstellar envelope. A minimum distance for IRAS Z02229+6208, determined from interstellar Na I lines, suggests that it is evolved from an intermediate-mass star. Including these two stars, the number of post-AGB stars for which clear C, N, and s-process elemental overabundances are found rises to eight. IRAS Z02229 + 6208 is known to possess the 21 micron emission feature in its mid-infrared spectrum; these results support the idea that all 21 micron emission stars are carbon-rich post-AGB stars.

  9. Study of the peculiarities of multiparticle production via event-by-event analysis in asymmetric nucleus-nucleus interactions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fedosimova, Anastasiya; Gaitinov, Adigam; Grushevskaya, Ekaterina; Lebedev, Igor

    2017-06-01

    In this work the study on the peculiarities of multiparticle production in interactions of asymmetric nuclei to search for unusual features of such interactions, is performed. A research of long-range and short-range multiparticle correlations in the pseudorapidity distribution of secondary particles on the basis of analysis of individual interactions of nuclei of 197 Au at energy 10.7 AGeV with photoemulsion nuclei, is carried out. Events with long-range multiparticle correlations (LC), short-range multiparticle correlations (SC) and mixed type (MT) in pseudorapidity distribution of secondary particles, are selected by the Hurst method in accordance with Hurst curve behavior. These types have significantly different characteristics. At first, they have different fragmentation parameters. Events of LC type are processes of full destruction of the projectile nucleus, in which multicharge fragments are absent. In events of mixed type several multicharge fragments of projectile nucleus are discovered. Secondly, these two types have significantly different multiplicity distribution. The mean multiplicity of LC type events is significantly more than in mixed type events. On the basis of research of the dependence of multiplicity versus target-nuclei fragments number for events of various types it is revealed, that the most considerable multiparticle correlations are observed in interactions of the mixed type, which correspond to the central collisions of gold nuclei and nuclei of CNO-group, i.e. nuclei with strongly asymmetric volume, nuclear mass, charge, etc. Such events are characterised by full destruction of the target-nucleus and the disintegration of the projectile-nucleus on several multi-charged fragments.

  10. Effects of RN Age and Experience on Transformational Leadership Practices.

    PubMed

    Herman, Susan; Gish, Mary; Rosenblum, Ruth; Herman, Michael

    2017-06-01

    This study reported the evolution of transformational leadership (TL) practices and behaviors across years of age, management experience, and professional nursing practice within a professional nursing leadership organization. Recent studies of CNO TL found valuations peak near age 60 years. This study reported on a wider range of management positions, correlating years of RN practice and management experience and age to TL metrics. This study used Kouzes and Posner's Leadership Practices Inventory-Self-Assessment (LPI-S) to survey a nursing leadership organization, the Association of California Nurse Leaders (ACNL). Anonymous responses were analyzed to identify leadership trends in age and years of professional service. On average, LPI-S metrics of leadership skills advance through years of management, RN experience, and age. The TL scores are statistically higher in most LPI-S categories for those with more than 30 years of RN or management experience. Decade-averaged LPI-S TL metrics in the ACNL survey evolve linearly throughout age before peaking in the decade from age 60 to 69 years. A similar evolution of TL metrics is seen in decades of either years of management experience or years of RN experience. Transformational leadership increased with nursing maturity particularly for LPI-S categories of "inspire a shared vision," "challenge the process," and "enable others to act." In the ACNL population studied, decade-averaged leadership metrics advanced. Leadership evolution with age in the broader RN population peaked in age bracket 60 to 69 years. The LPI-S averages declined when older than 70 years, coinciding with a shift from full-time work toward retirement and part-time employment.

  11. Computational Investigation of the Photochemical Reaction Path of Some Synthesized and Experimentally Analyzed Small-Chain Conjugated Nitrones.

    PubMed

    Saini, Praveen; Banerjee, Mainak; Chattopadhyay, Anjan

    2016-01-28

    This combined theoretical and experimental study has revealed the photochemistry of two small open-chain conjugated N-methylnitrone systems with phenyl substitutions at the C-terminal positions. The UV spectra of these synthesized nitrones have shown intense peaks around 330 nm while the new bands formed near 260 nm after their photoirradiation are predicted to be arising from the photoproduct oxaziridine. Photoexcitation of α-styryl N-methylnitrone populates the first excited singlet state which relaxes by 8 kcal/mol from the vertically excited state and subsequently goes toward the lowest-energy conical intersection (CI) geometry (situated 27-30 kcal/mol below) with a terminal CNO-kink. Following the gradient difference vectors of this CI, we have located the oxaziridine structure with its characteristic geometry at roughly 14 kcal/mol above the ground state. This whole process is triggered by a transfer of electronic cloud from oxygen to the conjugated chain side. On the other hand, the photoexcitation of the nonplanar 3,3-diphenylethylene N-methylnitrone has two strong singlet-singlet absorptions with almost 5 D transition moment values. Here the initial S2-S1 relaxation is followed by oxaziridine formation through the terminally twisted CI. However, the initially photoexcited S1 state in this nitrone is found to head toward some other direction with transfer of huge amount of nonbonding electron cloud of oxygen to the π* orbital, creating a stable excited state geometry with an elongated N-O bond which gets involved in a sloped CI with the ground state.

  12. Ammonium sorption and ammonia inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria explain contrasting soil N2O production

    PubMed Central

    Venterea, Rodney T.; Clough, Timothy J.; Coulter, Jeffrey A.; Breuillin-Sessoms, Florence

    2015-01-01

    Better understanding of process controls over nitrous oxide (N2O) production in urine-impacted ‘hot spots’ and fertilizer bands is needed to improve mitigation strategies and emission models. Following amendment with bovine (Bos taurus) urine (Bu) or urea (Ur), we measured inorganic N, pH, N2O, and genes associated with nitrification in two soils (‘L’ and ‘W’) having similar texture, pH, C, and C/N ratio. Solution-phase ammonia (slNH3) was also calculated accounting for non-linear ammonium (NH4+) sorption capacities (ASC). Soil W displayed greater nitrification rates and nitrate (NO3−) levels than soil L, but was more resistant to nitrite (NO2−) accumulation and produced two to ten times less N2O than soil L. Genes associated with NO2− oxidation (nxrA) increased substantially in soil W but remained static in soil L. Soil NO2− was strongly correlated with N2O production, and cumulative (c-) slNH3 explained 87% of the variance in c-NO2−. Differences between soils were explained by greater slNH3 in soil L which inhibited NO2− oxidization leading to greater NO2− levels and N2O production. This is the first study to correlate the dynamics of soil slNH3, NO2−, N2O and nitrifier genes, and the first to show how ASC can regulate NO2− levels and N2O production. PMID:26179972

  13. The Evolutionary Status of WN3/O3 Wolf-Rayet Stars

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Neugent, Kathryn F.; Massey, Phil; Hillier, D. John; Morrell, Nidia I.

    2017-11-01

    As part of a multi-year survey for Wolf-Rayet stars in the Magellanic Clouds, we have discovered a new type of Wolf-Rayet star with both strong emission and absorption. While one might initially classify these stars as WN3+O3V binaries based on their spectra, such a pairing is unlikely given their faint visual magnitudes. Spectral modeling suggests effective temperatures and bolometric luminosities similar to those of other early-type LMC WNs but with mass-loss rates that are three to five times lower than expected. They additionally retain a significant amount of hydrogen, with nitrogen at its CNO-equilibrium value (10× enhanced). Their evolutionary status remains an open question. Here we discuss why these stars did not evolve through quasi-homogeneous evolution. Instead we suggest that based on a link with long-duration gamma ray bursts, they may form in lower metallicity environments. A new survey in M33, which has a large metallicity gradient, is underway.

  14. Physics capabilities of the SNO+ experiment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Arushanova, E.; Back, A. R.; SNO+ Collaboration

    2017-09-01

    SNO+ will soon enter its first phase of physics data-taking. The Canadian-based detector forms part of the SNOLAB underground facility, in a Sudbury nickel mine; its location providing more than two kilometres of rock overburden. We present an overview of the SNO+ experiment and its physics capabilities. Our primary goal is the search for neutrinoless double-beta decay, where our expected sensitivity would place an upper limit of 1.9 × 1026 y, at 90% CL, on the half-life of neutrinoless double-beta decay in 130Te. We also intend to build on the success of SNO by studying the solar neutrino spectrum. In the unloaded scintillator phase SNO+ has the ability to make precision measurements of the fluxes of low-energy pep neutrinos and neutrinos from the CNO cycle. Other physics goals include: determining the spectrum of reactor antineutrinos, to further constrain Δ {m}122; detecting neutrinos produced by a galactic supernova and investigating certain modes of nucleon decay.

  15. Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Monitoring of a Tidal Disruption Eventd

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kochanek, Chris

    2017-08-01

    Tidal disruption events (TDE), where supermassive black holes destroy stars toproduce accretion flares, are of great current observational andtheoretical interest. Here we propose a seven epoch STIS UV spectroscopic movie'' of a UV bright TDE spread over the first 90 days after a rapid TOO trigger. The roughly 15 day cadence is comparable to the expected and observed time scales for kinematic changes in theoptical and UV emission and absorption lines. We will measurethe evolution of UV absorption and emission lines from elements(e.g., C, N, Si) and ionization states/potentials not seen in optical spectra of TDEs, which should help to illuminate theirdynamical evolution. In some cases, the debris from the stellar cores should have significantly enhanced [N/C] abundances due to the CNO cycle, so UV spectra can provide a means of differentiating debris fromthe core and the envelope of the disrupted star. Optically-selectedTDEs are energetically dominated by their UV emission, making itthe wavelength range most needed to understand these fascinatingtransients.

  16. Progress towards Low Energy Neutrino Spectroscopy (LENS)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Blackmon, Jeff

    2011-10-01

    The Low-Energy Neutrino Spectroscopy (LENS) experiment will precisely measure the energy spectrum of low-energy solar neutrinos via charged-current neutrino reactions on indium. LENS will test solar physics through the fundamental equality of the neutrino fluxes and the precisely known solar luminosity in photons, will probe the metallicity of the solar core through the CNO neutrino fluxes, and will test for the existence of mass-varying neutrinos. The LENS detector concept applies indium-loaded scintillator in an optically-segmented lattice geometry to achieve precise time and spatial resolution and unprecedented sensitivity for low-energy neutrino events. The LENS collaboration is currently developing a prototype, miniLENS, in the Kimballton Underground Research Facility (KURF). The miniLENS program aims to demonstrate the performance and selectivity of the technology and to benchmark Monte Carlo simulations that will guide scaling to the full LENS instrument. We will present the motivation and concept for LENS and will provide an overview of the R&D efforts currently centered around miniLENS at KURF.

  17. Wolf-Rayet stars as starting points or as endpoints of the evolution of massive stars?

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lamers, H. J. G. L. M.; Maeder, A.; Schmutz, W.; Cassinelli, J. P.

    1991-01-01

    The paper investigates the evidence for the two interpretations of Wolf-Rayet stars suggested in the literature: (1) massive premain-sequence stars with disks and (2) massive stars which have lost most of their H-rich layers in a stellar wind is investigated. The abundance determinations which are done in two different ways and which lead to different conclusions are discussed. The composition is solar, which would suggest interpretation (1), or the CNO abundances are strongly anomalous, which would suggest interpretation (2). Results from evolutionary calculations, stellar statistics, the existence of Ofpe/WN9 transition stars and W-R stars with evolved companions show overwhelming evidence that W-R stars are not premain-sequence stars but that they are in a late stage of evolution. Moreover, the fact that W-R stars are usually in clear regions of space, whereas massive premain-sequence stars are embedded in ultracompact H II regions also shows that W-R stars are not young premain-sequence stars.

  18. Bonding and structure in dense multi-component molecular mixtures

    DOE PAGES

    Meyer, Edmund R.; Ticknor, Christopher; Bethkenhagen, Mandy; ...

    2015-10-30

    We have performed finite-temperature density functional theory molecular dynamics simulations on dense methane, ammonia, and water mixtures (CH 4:NH 3:H 2O) for various compositions and temperatures (2000 K ≤ T ≤ 10000 K) that span a set of possible conditions in the interiors of ice-giant exoplanets. The equation-of-state, pair distribution functions, and bond autocorrelation functions (BACF) were used to probe the structure and dynamics of these complex fluids. In particular, an improvement to the choice of the cutoff in the BACF was developed that allowed analysis refinements for density and temperature effects. We note the relative changes in the naturemore » of these systems engendered by variations in the concentration ratios. As a result, a basic tenet emerges from all these comparisons that varying the relative amounts of the three heavy components (C,N,O) can effect considerable changes in the nature of the fluid and may in turn have ramifications for the structure and composition of various planetary layers.« less

  19. Study of the {sup 15}N(p,gamma){sup 16}O Reaction at LUNA with a Solid Target

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Capogrosso, Valentina

    2010-03-01

    The case of the most recent measurement performed at LUNA, the {sup 15}N(p,gamma){sup 16}O reaction, is presented. This reaction, together with the {sup 15}N(p,alpha){sup 12}C, forms the branching point from the first to the second CNO cycle and the ratio of their respective reaction rates influences the nucleosynthesis yields of {sup 16}O, {sup 17}O e {sup 17}F. In particular, one of the three different campaigns performed by the LUNA collaboration to measure the cross section of this reaction will be discussed. This experiment was performed by impinging a proton beam from the LUNA accelerator with energies ranging from 77 tomore » 350 keV in the centre-of-mass reference frame on a TiN solid target, enriched in {sup 15}N to 98%. The gamma-rays following the (p, gamma) reaction were detected by means of an high-efficiency BGO detector.« less

  20. An Algebraic Method for Exploring Quantum Monodromy and Quantum Phase Transitions in Non-Rigid Molecules

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Larese, D.; Iachello, F.

    2011-06-01

    A simple algebraic Hamiltonian has been used to explore the vibrational and rotational spectra of the skeletal bending modes of HCNO, BrCNO, NCNCS, and other ``floppy`` (quasi-linear or quasi-bent) molecules. These molecules have large-amplitude, low-energy bending modes and champagne-bottle potential surfaces, making them good candidates for observing quantum phase transitions (QPT). We describe the geometric phase transitions from bent to linear in these and other non-rigid molecules, quantitatively analysing the spectroscopy signatures of ground state QPT, excited state QPT, and quantum monodromy.The algebraic framework is ideal for this work because of its small calculational effort yet robust results. Although these methods have historically found success with tri- and four-atomic molecules, we now address five-atomic and simple branched molecules such as CH_3NCO and GeH_3NCO. Extraction of potential functions is completed for several molecules, resulting in predictions of barriers to linearity and equilibrium bond angles.

  1. The spectra of the chemically peculiar stars

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hack, M.

    The spectral properties of the chemically peculiar (CP) stars and the information which is obtainable from them are reviewed. The identification and classification of CP stars in the basis of their spectra is discussed with particular emphasis on the He-rich stars and CNO stars, and recent classification systems based on narrow-band photometry, low-resolution spectrometry or UV spectra are considered. Attention is given to continuum flux distributions, particularly the infrared excesses and UV deficiencies, and the stellar properties (effective temperature and gravity, line blocking, discontinuities, mass and radius) that may be derived from them, and to the magnetic field measurements and evidence for spotted element distributions that may be inferred from spectral surface composition analyses made using LTE model atmospheres are considered which involve both large sample of stars and individual stars, and statistical studies of rotation, magnetic braking and membership in binary systems and clusters are indicated. Finally, UV and X-ray evidence for chromospheres and coronas in some CP stars is noted.

  2. TYC 3159-6-1: a runaway blue supergiant

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gvaramadze, V. V.; Miroshnichenko, A. S.; Castro, N.; Langer, N.; Zharikov, S. V.

    2014-01-01

    We report the results of optical spectroscopy of a candidate evolved massive star in the Cygnus-X region, TYC 3159-6-1, revealed via detection of its curious circumstellar nebula in archival data of the Spitzer Space Telescope. We classify TYC 3159-6-1 as an O9.5-O9.7 Ib star and derive its fundamental parameters by using the stellar atmosphere code FASTWIND. The He and CNO abundances in the photosphere of TYC 3159-6-1 are consistent with the solar abundances, suggesting that the star only recently evolved off the main sequence. Proper motion and radial velocity measurements for TYC 3159-6-1 show that it is a runaway star. We propose that Dolidze 7 is its parent cluster. We discuss the origin of the nebula around TYC 3159-6-1 and suggest that it might be produced in several successive episodes of enhanced mass-loss rate (outbursts) caused by rotation of the star near the critical Ω limit.

  3. Element-abundance inhomogeneity of interstellar matter as it follows from the chemical composition of the O-type supergiants HDE 226868 (Cyg X-1) and *alpha; Cam

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bochkarev, N. G.; Karitskaya, E. A.; Shimanskii, V. V.; Galazutdinov, G. A.

    2013-10-01

    By means of synthetic spectrum modeling with non-LTE effects, we determined element abundances in the atmospheres of two O supergiants with similar physical characteristics: HDE 226868 (the optical component of Cyg X-1) and α Cam. These objects are situated at the distance about 2.5 kpc from each other. HDE 226868 has higher abundances compared to α Cam. The differences of Al, S, Zn, and averaged CNO abundances are within 0.15-0.30 dex. This is in a good qualitative agreement with the inhomogeneity of the heavy-element distribution over the Galactic disk derived by Luck et al. (2006) from Cepheids. This finding confirms the inhomogeneity of chemical-element distribution on the scale of 2 kpc and is in agreement with the concept of interstellar-matter superclouds preserving their intrinsic particularities on a time scale in excess of 1 Gyr.

  4. Iodine bonding stabilizes iodomethane in MIDAS pesticide. Theoretical study of intermolecular interactions between iodomethane and chloropicrin.

    PubMed

    Glaser, Rainer; Prugger, Kaitlan

    2012-02-22

    The results are reported of a theoretical study of iodomethane (H(3)C-I, 1) and chloropicrin (Cl(3)C-NO(2), 2), of the heterodimers 3-6 formed by aggregation of 1 and 2, and of their addition products 7 and 8 and their possible fragmentation reactions to 9-18. Mixtures of iodomethane and chloropicrin are not expected to show chemistry resulting from their reactions with each other. The structures and stabilities are discussed of the iodine-bonded molecular aggregates (IBMA) 3 and 4 and of the hydrogen- and iodine-bonded molecular aggregates (IHBMA) 5 and 6. The mixed aggregates 3-5 are bound on the free enthalpy surface relative to the homodimers of 1 and 2, and the IBMA structures 3 and 4 are most stable. This result suggests that the mixture of chloropicrin and iodomethane in the pesticide Midas is a good choice to reduce the volatility of iodomethane because of thermodynamically stabilizing iodine bonding.

  5. Precision Measurement of the Be7 Solar Neutrino Interaction Rate in Borexino

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bellini, G.; Benziger, J.; Bick, D.; Bonetti, S.; Bonfini, G.; Buizza Avanzini, M.; Caccianiga, B.; Cadonati, L.; Calaprice, F.; Carraro, C.; Cavalcante, P.; Chavarria, A.; D'Angelo, D.; Davini, S.; Derbin, A.; Etenko, A.; Fomenko, K.; Franco, D.; Galbiati, C.; Gazzana, S.; Ghiano, C.; Giammarchi, M.; Goeger-Neff, M.; Goretti, A.; Grandi, L.; Guardincerri, E.; Hardy, S.; Ianni, Aldo; Ianni, Andrea; Kobychev, V.; Korablev, D.; Korga, G.; Koshio, Y.; Kryn, D.; Laubenstein, M.; Lewke, T.; Litvinovich, E.; Loer, B.; Lombardi, F.; Lombardi, P.; Ludhova, L.; Machulin, I.; Manecki, S.; Maneschg, W.; Manuzio, G.; Meindl, Q.; Meroni, E.; Miramonti, L.; Misiaszek, M.; Montanari, D.; Mosteiro, P.; Muratova, V.; Oberauer, L.; Obolensky, M.; Ortica, F.; Pallavicini, M.; Papp, L.; Peña-Garay, C.; Perasso, L.; Perasso, S.; Pocar, A.; Raghavan, R. S.; Ranucci, G.; Razeto, A.; Re, A.; Romani, A.; Sabelnikov, A.; Saldanha, R.; Salvo, C.; Schönert, S.; Simgen, H.; Skorokhvatov, M.; Smirnov, O.; Sotnikov, A.; Sukhotin, S.; Suvorov, Y.; Tartaglia, R.; Testera, G.; Vignaud, D.; Vogelaar, R. B.; von Feilitzsch, F.; Winter, J.; Wojcik, M.; Wright, A.; Wurm, M.; Xu, J.; Zaimidoroga, O.; Zavatarelli, S.; Zuzel, G.

    2011-09-01

    The rate of neutrino-electron elastic scattering interactions from 862 keV Be7 solar neutrinos in Borexino is determined to be 46.0±1.5(stat)-1.6+1.5(syst)counts/(day·100ton). This corresponds to a νe-equivalent Be7 solar neutrino flux of (3.10±0.15)×109cm-2s-1 and, under the assumption of νe transition to other active neutrino flavours, yields an electron neutrino survival probability of 0.51±0.07 at 862 keV. The no flavor change hypothesis is ruled out at 5.0σ. A global solar neutrino analysis with free fluxes determines Φpp=6.06-0.06+0.02×1010cm-2s-1 and ΦCNO<1.3×109cm-2s-1 (95% C.L.). These results significantly improve the precision with which the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein large mixing angle neutrino oscillation model is experimentally tested at low energy.

  6. Astrophysical S factor for the {sup 15}N(p,{gamma}){sup 16}O reaction

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mukhamedzhanov, A. M.; La Cognata, M.; Kroha, V.

    2011-04-15

    The R-matrix approach has proved to be very useful in extrapolating the astrophysical factor down to astrophysically relevant energies, since the majority of measurements are not available in this region. However, such an approach has to be critically considered when no complete knowledge of the reaction model is available. To get reliable results in such cases one has to use all the available information from independent sources and, accordingly, fix or constrain variations of the parameters. In this paper we present a thorough R-matrix analysis of the {sup 15}N(p,{gamma}){sup 16}O reaction, which provides a path from the CN cycle tomore » the CNO bi-cycle and CNO tri-cycle. The measured astrophysical factor for this reaction is dominated by resonant capture through two strong J{sup {pi}}=1{sup -} resonances at E{sub R}=312 and 962 keV and direct capture to the ground state. Recently, a new measurement of the astrophysical factor for the {sup 15}N(p,{gamma}){sup 16}O reaction has been published [P. J. LeBlanc et al., Phys. Rev. C 82, 055804 (2010)]. The analysis has been done using the R-matrix approach with unconstrained variation of all parameters including the asymptotic normalization coefficient (ANC). The best fit has been obtained for the square of the ANC C{sup 2}=539.2 fm{sup -1}, which exceeds the previously measured value by a factor of {approx_equal}3. Here we present a new R-matrix analysis of the Notre Dame-LUNA data with the fixed within the experimental uncertainties square of the ANC C{sup 2}=200.34 fm{sup -1}. Rather than varying the ANC we add the contribution from a background resonance that effectively takes into account contributions from higher levels. Altogether we present ten fits, seven unconstrained and three constrained. For the unconstrained fit with the boundary condition B{sub c}=S{sub c}(E{sub 2}), where E{sub 2} is the energy of the second level, we get S(0)=39.0{+-}1.1 keVb and normalized {chi}-tilde{sup 2}=1.84, i.e., the result which is similar to LeBlanc et al. From all our fits we get the range 33.1{<=}S(0){<=}40.1 keVb which overlaps with the result of LeBlanc et al. We address also the physical interpretation of the fitting parameters.« less

  7. Quantitative spectroscopy of Wolf-Rayet stars in HD97950 and R136a - the cores of giant HII regions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Crowther, P. A.; Dessart, Luc

    1998-05-01

    We present quantitative analyses of Wolf-Rayet stars in the cores of two giant Hii regions - HD97950 in NGC3603 and R136a in 30 Doradus - based on archive Hubble Space Telescope (HST) spectroscopy. We confirm previous WN6h+abs classifications for components A1, B and C in HD97950, while classifications for R136a1-3 are revised from O3If^*/WN6 to WN5h. From detailed non-local thermodynamic equilibrium analyses, we find that all Wolf-Rayet stars exhibit products of CNO-processed material at their surface since they are rich in both helium (H/He~3-6, by number) and nitrogen (N/He~0.002-0.006). Their luminosities, log(L/Lsolar)=6.0-6.3, are amongst the highest known for Wolf-Rayet stars. Consequently they are very massive stars (M_init>=100Msolar) at a relatively low age (~2Myr), reminiscent of the late WN stars in the Carina Nebula. We obtain a revised distance modulus of 15.03mag (=10.1kpc) to NGC3603 based on available photometry, an updated M_v calibration for early O stars and a reddening of E(B-V)=1.23mag towards its core. From a census of the massive stellar content of the two central clusters we conclude that their global properties are comparable. We evaluate the contribution made by Wolf-Rayet stars to the total Lyman continuum ionizing flux and kinetic energy released into the ISM. We discuss how simple calibrations can be used to estimate stellar luminosities, ionizing fluxes and mass-loss rates of luminous OB stars. Wolf-Rayet stars provide ~20 per cent of the total ionizing flux (~1.3x10^51 Ly photons^-1) within 0.5pc of their cores, and ~60 per cent of the total kinetic energy injected into the ISM (5-6x10^38ergs^-1), despite representing only 10 per cent of the massive stellar population. For the larger R136 cluster in 30 Doradus (r<=10pc), 117 massive stars provide a total ionizing flux of 4x10^51 Ly photons^-1 and release a total kinetic energy of 1.6x10^39 ergs^-1 into the ISM, the latter being dominated by nine WR (43 per cent) and six O3If^*/WN (29 per cent) stars.

  8. Solar neutrinos as a signal and background in direct-detection experiments searching for sub-GeV dark matter with electron recoils

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Essig, Rouven; Sholapurkar, Mukul; Yu, Tien-Tien

    2018-05-01

    Direct-detection experiments sensitive to low-energy electron recoils from sub-GeV dark matter interactions will also be sensitive to solar neutrinos via coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering (CNS), since the recoiling nucleus can produce a small ionization signal. Solar neutrinos constitute both an interesting signal in their own right and a potential background to a dark matter search that cannot be controlled or reduced by improved shielding, material purification and handling, or improved detector design. We explore these two possibilities in detail for semiconductor (silicon and germanium) and xenon targets, considering several possibilities for the unmeasured ionization efficiency at low energies. For dark-matter-electron-scattering searches, neutrinos start being an important background for exposures larger than ˜1 - 10 kg -years in silicon and germanium, and for exposures larger than ˜0.1 - 1 kg -year in xenon. For the absorption of bosonic dark matter (dark photons and axion-like particles) by electrons, neutrinos are most relevant for masses below ˜1 keV and again slightly more important in xenon. Treating the neutrinos as a signal, we find that the CNS of 8B neutrinos can be observed with ˜2 σ significance with exposures of ˜2 , 7, and 20 kg-years in xenon, germanium, and silicon, respectively, assuming there are no other backgrounds. We give an example for how this would constrain nonstandard neutrino interactions. Neutrino components at lower energy can only be detected if the ionization efficiency is sufficiently large. In this case, observing pep neutrinos via CNS requires exposures ≳10 - 100 kg -years in silicon or germanium (˜1000 kg -years in xenon), and observing CNO neutrinos would require an order of magnitude more exposure. Only silicon could potentially detect 7Be neutrinos. These measurements would allow for a direct measurement of the electron-neutrino survival probability over a wide energy range.

  9. A Massive Bipolar Outflow and a Dusty Torus with Large Grains in the Preplanetary Nebula IRAS 22036+5306

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sahai, Raghvendra; Young, K.; Patel, N. A.; Sanchez Contreras, C.; Morris, M.

    2006-01-01

    We report high angular resolution (approx.1") CO J=3-2 interferometric mapping using the Submillimeter Array (SMA) of IRAS 22036+5306 (I22036), a bipolar preplanetary nebula (PPN) with knotty jets discovered in our HST snapshot survey of young PPNs. In addition, we have obtained supporting lower resolution (approx.10") CO and 13CO J=1-0 observations with the Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) interferometer, as well as optical long-slit echelle spectra at the Palomar Observatory. The CO J=3-2 observations show the presence of a very fast (approx.220 km/s), highly collimated, massive (0.03 Solar Mass) bipolar outflow with a very large scalar momentum (about 10(exp 39) g cm/s), and the characteristic spatiokinematic structure of bow shocks at the tips of this outflow. The H(alpha) line shows an absorption feature blueshifted from the systemic velocity by approx.100 km/s, which most likely arises in neutral interface material between the fast outflow and the dense walls of the bipolar lobes at low latitudes. The fast outflow in I22036, as in most PPNs, cannot be driven by radiation pressure. We find an unresolved source of submillimeter (and millimeter-wave) continuum emission in I22036, implying a very substantial mass (0.02-0.04 Solar Mass) of large (radius > or approx.1 mm), cold (< or approx.50 K) dust grains associated with I22036's toroidal waist. We also find that the C-13/C-12 ratio in I22036 is very high (0.16), close to the maximum value achieved in equilibrium CNO nucleosynthesis (0.33). The combination of the high circumstellar mass (i.e., in the extended dust shell and the torus) and the high C-13/C-12 ratio in I22036 provides strong support for this object having evolved from a massive (> or approx.4 Solar Mass) progenitor in which hot-bottom-burning has occurred.

  10. Characterization of linoleic acid nitration in human blood plasma by mass spectrometry.

    PubMed

    Lima, Emersom S; Di Mascio, Paolo; Rubbo, Homero; Abdalla, Dulcineia S P

    2002-08-27

    Nitric oxide (*NO) is a pervasive free radical species that concentrates in lipophilic compartments to serve as a potent inhibitor of lipid and low-density lipoprotein oxidation processes. In this study, we synthesized, characterized, and detected nitrated derivatives of linoleic acid (18:2) in human blood plasma using high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. While the reaction of nitronium tetrafluoroborate with 18:2 presented ions with a mass/charge (m/z) ratio of 324 in the negative ion mode, characteristic of nitrolinoleate (LNO(2)), the reaction of nitrite (NO(2)(-)) with linoleic acid hydroperoxide yielded nitrohydroxylinoleate (LNO(2)OH, m/z 340). Further analysis by MS/MS gave a major fragment at m/z 46, characteristic of a nitro group (-NO(2)) present in the parent ion. This was confirmed by using [(15)N]O(2), which gave products of m/z 325 and 341, that after fragmentation yielded a daughter ion at m/z 47. Moreover, a C-NO(2) structure was also demonstrated in LNO(2)OH by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((15)N NMR, delta 375.9), as well as by infrared analysis in both LNO(2)OH (nu(max) = 3427, 1553, and 1374 cm(-1)) and LNO(2) (nu(max) = 1552 and 1373 cm(-1)). Stable products with m/z of 324 and 340, which possessed the same chromatographic characteristics and fragmentation pattern as synthesized standards, were found in human plasma of normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic donors. The presence of these novel nitrogen-containing oxidized lipid adducts in human plasma could represent "footprints" of the antioxidant action of *NO on lipid oxidation and/or a pro-oxidant and nitrating action of *NO-derived species.

  11. CARBON-RICH PRESOLAR GRAINS FROM MASSIVE STARS: SUBSOLAR {sup 12}C/{sup 13}C AND {sup 14}N/{sup 15}N RATIOS AND THE MYSTERY OF {sup 15}N

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pignatari, M.; Zinner, E.; Hoppe, P.

    2015-08-01

    Carbon-rich grains with isotopic anomalies compared to the Sun are found in primitive meteorites. They were made by stars, and carry the original stellar nucleosynthesis signature. Silicon carbide grains of Type X and C and low-density (LD) graphites condensed in the ejecta of core-collapse supernovae. We present a new set of models for the explosive He shell and compare them with the grains showing {sup 12}C/{sup 13}C and {sup 14}N/{sup 15}N ratios lower than solar. In the stellar progenitor H was ingested into the He shell and not fully destroyed before the explosion. Different explosion energies and H concentrations aremore » considered. If the supernova shock hits the He-shell region with some H still present, the models can reproduce the C and N isotopic signatures in C-rich grains. Hot-CNO cycle isotopic signatures are obtained, including a large production of {sup 13}C and {sup 15}N. The short-lived radionuclides {sup 22}Na and {sup 26}Al are increased by orders of magnitude. The production of radiogenic {sup 22}Ne from the decay of {sup 22}Na in the He shell might solve the puzzle of the Ne-E(L) component in LD graphite grains. This scenario is attractive for the SiC grains of type AB with {sup 14}N/{sup 15}N ratios lower than solar, and provides an alternative solution for SiC grains originally classified as nova grains. Finally, this process may contribute to the production of {sup 14}N and {sup 15}N in the Galaxy, helping to produce the {sup 14}N/{sup 15}N ratio in the solar system.« less

  12. Are the Formation and Abundances of Metal-poor Stars the Result of Dust Dynamics?

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hopkins, Philip F.; Conroy, Charlie, E-mail: phopkins@caltech.edu

    Large dust grains can fluctuate dramatically in their local density, relative to the gas, in neutral turbulent disks. Small, high-redshift galaxies (before reionization) represent ideal environments for this process. We show via simple arguments and simulations that order-of-magnitude fluctuations are expected in local abundances of large grains (>100 Å) under these conditions. This can have important consequences for star formation and stellar metal abundances in extremely metal-poor stars. Low-mass stars can form in dust-enhanced regions almost immediately after some dust forms even if the galaxy-average metallicity is too low for fragmentation to occur. We argue that the metal abundances ofmore » these “promoted” stars may contain interesting signatures as the CNO abundances (concentrated in large carbonaceous grains and ices) and Mg and Si (in large silicate grains) can be enhanced and/or fluctuate almost independently. Remarkably, the otherwise puzzling abundance patterns of some metal-poor stars can be well fit by standard IMF-averaged core-collapse SNe yields if we allow for fluctuating local dust-to-gas ratios. We also show that the observed log-normal distribution of enhancements in pure SNe yields, shows very large enhancements and variations up to factors of ≳100 as expected in the dust-promoted model, preferentially in the [C/Fe]-enhanced metal-poor stars. Together, this suggests that (1) dust exists in second-generation star formation, (2) local dust-to-gas ratio fluctuations occur in protogalaxies and can be important for star formation, and (3) the light element abundances of these stars may be affected by the local chemistry of dust where they formed, rather than directly tracing nucleosynthesis from earlier populations.« less

  13. Carbon-rich presolar grains from massive stars. Subsolar 12 C/ 13 C and 14 N/ 15 N ratios and the mystery of 15 N

    DOE PAGES

    Pignatari, M.; Zinner, E.; Hoppe, P.; ...

    2015-07-30

    We compared carbon-rich grains with isotopic anomalies to the Sun are found in primitive meteorites. They were made by stars, and carry the original stellar nucleosynthesis signature. Silicon carbide grains of Type X and C and low-density (LD) graphites condensed in the ejecta of core-collapse supernovae. Furthermore, we present a new set of models for the explosive He shell and compare them with the grains showing 12C/ 13C and 14N/ 15N ratios lower than solar. In the stellar progenitor H was ingested into the He shell and not fully destroyed before the explosion. All of the explosion energies and Hmore » concentrations are considered. If the supernova shock hits the He-shell region with some H still present, the models can reproduce the C and N isotopic signatures in C-rich grains. Hot-CNO cycle isotopic signatures are obtained, including a large production of 13C and 15N. The short-lived radionuclides 22Na and 26Al are increased by orders of magnitude. The production of radiogenic 22Ne from the decay of 22Na in the He shell might solve the puzzle of the Ne-E(L) component in LD graphite grains. This scenario is attractive for the SiC grains of type AB with 14N/ 15N ratios lower than solar, and provides an alternative solution for SiC grains originally classified as nova grains. Finally, this process may contribute to the production of 14N and 15N in the Galaxy, helping to produce the 14N/ 15N ratio in the solar system.« less

  14. Final results of Borexino Phase-I on low-energy solar neutrino spectroscopy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bellini, G.; Benziger, J.; Bick, D.; Bonfini, G.; Bravo, D.; Buizza Avanzini, M.; Caccianiga, B.; Cadonati, L.; Calaprice, F.; Cavalcante, P.; Chavarria, A.; Chepurnov, A.; D'Angelo, D.; Davini, S.; Derbin, A.; Empl, A.; Etenko, A.; Fomenko, K.; Franco, D.; Gabriele, F.; Galbiati, C.; Gazzana, S.; Ghiano, C.; Giammarchi, M.; Göger-Neff, M.; Goretti, A.; Grandi, L.; Gromov, M.; Hagner, C.; Hungerford, E.; Ianni, Aldo; Ianni, Andrea; Kobychev, V.; Korablev, D.; Korga, G.; Kryn, D.; Laubenstein, M.; Lewke, T.; Litvinovich, E.; Loer, B.; Lombardi, F.; Lombardi, P.; Ludhova, L.; Lukyanchenko, G.; Machulin, I.; Manecki, S.; Maneschg, W.; Manuzio, G.; Meindl, Q.; Meroni, E.; Miramonti, L.; Misiaszek, M.; Montuschi, M.; Mosteiro, P.; Muratova, V.; Oberauer, L.; Obolensky, M.; Ortica, F.; Otis, K.; Pallavicini, M.; Papp, L.; Pena-Garay, C.; Perasso, L.; Perasso, S.; Pocar, A.; Ranucci, G.; Razeto, A.; Re, A.; Romani, A.; Rossi, N.; Saldanha, R.; Salvo, C.; Schönert, S.; Simgen, H.; Skorokhvatov, M.; Smirnov, O.; Sotnikov, A.; Sukhotin, S.; Suvorov, Y.; Tartaglia, R.; Testera, G.; Vignaud, D.; Vogelaar, R. B.; von Feilitzsch, F.; Winter, J.; Wojcik, M.; Wright, A.; Wurm, M.; Xu, J.; Zaimidoroga, O.; Zavatarelli, S.; Zuzel, G.; Borexino Collaboration

    2014-06-01

    Borexino has been running since May 2007 at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso laboratory in Italy with the primary goal of detecting solar neutrinos. The detector, a large, unsegmented liquid scintillator calorimeter characterized by unprecedented low levels of intrinsic radioactivity, is optimized for the study of the lower energy part of the spectrum. During Phase-I (2007-2010), Borexino first detected and then precisely measured the flux of the Be7 solar neutrinos, ruled out any significant day-night asymmetry of their interaction rate, made the first direct observation of the pep neutrinos, and set the tightest upper limit on the flux of solar neutrinos produced in the CNO cycle (carbon, nitrogen, oxigen) where carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen serve as catalysts in the fusion process. In this paper we discuss the signal signature and provide a comprehensive description of the backgrounds, quantify their event rates, describe the methods for their identification, selection, or subtraction, and describe data analysis. Key features are an extensive in situ calibration program using radioactive sources, the detailed modeling of the detector response, the ability to define an innermost fiducial volume with extremely low background via software cuts, and the excellent pulse-shape discrimination capability of the scintillator that allows particle identification. We report a measurement of the annual modulation of the Be7 neutrino interaction rate. The period, the amplitude, and the phase of the observed modulation are consistent with the solar origin of these events, and the absence of their annual modulation is rejected with higher than 99% C.L. The physics implications of Phase-I results in the context of the neutrino oscillation physics and solar models are presented.

  15. Investigation of the thermonuclear 18Ne(α,p)21Na reaction rate via resonant elastic scattering of 21Na + p

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, L. Y.; He, J. J.; Parikh, A.; Xu, S. W.; Yamaguchi, H.; Kahl, D.; Kubono, S.; Mohr, P.; Hu, J.; Ma, P.; Chen, S. Z.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Wang, H. W.; Tian, W. D.; Chen, R. F.; Guo, B.; Hashimoto, T.; Togano, Y.; Hayakawa, S.; Teranishi, T.; Iwasa, N.; Yamada, T.; Komatsubara, T.; Zhang, Y. H.; Zhou, X. H.

    2014-01-01

    The 18Ne(α,p)21Na reaction is thought to be one of the key breakout reactions from the hot CNO cycles to the rp process in type I x-ray bursts. In this work, the resonant properties of the compound nucleus 22Mg have been investigated by measuring the resonant elastic scattering of 21Na + p. An 89-MeV 21Na radioactive beam delivered from the CNS Radioactive Ion Beam Separator bombarded an 8.8 mg/cm2 thick polyethylene (CH2)n target. The 21Na beam intensity was about 2×105 pps, with a purity of about 70% on target. The recoiled protons were measured at the center-of-mass scattering angles of θc.m.≈175.2∘, 152.2∘, and 150.5∘ by three sets of ΔE-E telescopes, respectively. The excitation function was obtained with the thick-target method over energies Ex(22Mg)=5.5-9.2 MeV. In total, 23 states above the proton-threshold in 22Mg were observed, and their resonant parameters were determined via an R-matrix analysis of the excitation functions. We have made several new Jπ assignments and confirmed some tentative assignments made in previous work. The thermonuclear 18Ne(α,p)21Na rate has been recalculated based on our recommended spin-parity assignments. The astrophysical impact of our new rate has been investigated through one-zone postprocessing x-ray burst calculations. We find that the 18Ne(α,p)21Na rate significantly affects the peak nuclear energy generation rate, reaction fluxes, and onset temperature of this breakout reaction in these astrophysical phenomena.

  16. The 18Ne(α,p)21Na breakout reaction in x-ray bursts: Experimental determination of spin-parities for α resonances in 22Mg via resonant elastic scattering of 21Na+p

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    He, J. J.; Zhang, L. Y.; Parikh, A.; Xu, S. W.; Yamaguchi, H.; Kahl, D.; Kubono, S.; Hu, J.; Ma, P.; Chen, S. Z.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Sun, B. H.; Wang, H. W.; Tian, W. D.; Chen, R. F.; Guo, B.; Hashimoto, T.; Togano, Y.; Hayakawa, S.; Teranishi, T.; Iwasa, N.; Yamada, T.; Komatsubara, T.

    2013-07-01

    The 18Ne(α,p)21Na reaction provides a pathway for breakout from the hot CNO cycles to the rp process in type-I x-ray bursts. To better determine this astrophysical reaction rate, the resonance parameters of the compound nucleus 22Mg have been investigated by measuring the resonant elastic scattering of 21Na+p. An 89 MeV 21Na radioactive ion beam was produced at the CNS Radioactive Ion Beam Separator and bombarded an 8.8 mg/cm2 thick polyethylene target. The recoiled protons were measured at scattering angles of θc.m.≈175∘ and 152∘ by three ΔE-E silicon telescopes. The excitation function was obtained with a thick-target method over energies Ex(22Mg) = 5.5-9.2 MeV. The resonance parameters have been determined through an R-matrix analysis. For the first time, the Jπ values for ten states above the α threshold in 22Mg have been experimentally determined in a single consistent measurement. We have made three new Jπ assignments and confirmed seven of the ten tentative assignments in the previous work. The 18Ne(α,p)21Na reaction rate has been recalculated, and the astrophysical impact of our new rate has been investigated through one-zone postprocessing x-ray burst calculations. We find that the 18Ne(α,p)21Na rate significantly affects the peak nuclear energy generation rate and the onset temperature of this breakout reaction in these phenomena.

  17. A high-efficiency denitrification bioreactor for the treatment of acrylonitrile wastewater using waterborne polyurethane immobilized activated sludge.

    PubMed

    Dong, Honghong; Wang, Wei; Song, Zhaozheng; Dong, Hao; Wang, Jianfeng; Sun, Shanshan; Zhang, Zhongzhi; Ke, Ming; Zhang, Zhenjia; Wu, Wei-Min; Zhang, Guangqing; Ma, Jie

    2017-09-01

    The performance of a laboratory-scale, high-efficiency denitrification bioreactor (15L) using activated sludge immobilized by waterborne polyurethane in treating acrylonitrile wastewater with high concentration of nitrate nitrogen (249mg/L) was investigated. The bioreactor was operated at 30°C for 220days. Batch denitrification experiments showed that the optimal operation parameters were C/NO 3 - -N molar ratio of 2.0 using sodium acetate as electron donor and carrier filling rate of 20% (V/V) in the bioreactor. Stable performance of denitrification was observed with a hydraulic retention time of 30 to 38h. A volumetric removal rate up to 2.1kgN/m 3 ·d was achieved with a total nitrogen removal efficiency of 95%. Pyrosequencing results showed that Rhodocyclaceae and Pseudomonadaceae were the dominant bacterial families in the immobilized carrier and bioreactor effluent. The overall microbial diversity declined as denitrifiers gradually dominated and the relative abundance of other bacteria decreased along with testing time. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chen, C.X.; Albergo, S.; Caccia, Z.

    The isotopic production cross sections for {sup 22}Ne projectiles at 377,581, and 894 MeV nucleon{sup {minus}1} and {sup 26}Mg projectiles at 371 and 576 MeV nucleon{sup {minus}1} interacting in a liquid hydrogen target have been measured by the Transport Collaboration at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Heavy-Ion Spectrometer System (LBL HISS) facility. These cross sections are compared with those predicted by semi-empirical formulae. The systematics are studied to develop suitable inputs for calculations of galactic cosmic-ray interstellar transport. These calculations are used to unfold the transport effects from available observations of cosmic-ray CNO isotopes to extract the underlying source composition. Withmore » these new cross section measurements, the previously reported enhancement of {sup 18}O at the cosmic-ray source, which is sensitive to the cross sections for production from {sup 22}Ne and {sup 26}Mg and the uncertainties in cross section prediction formulae, may be explained. There is no evidence for an enhancement of {sup 18}O when these new cross sections are used in a weighted slab propagation calculation. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Astronomical Society}« less

  19. Collective neurodynamic optimization for economic emission dispatch problem considering valve point effect in microgrid.

    PubMed

    Wang, Tiancai; He, Xing; Huang, Tingwen; Li, Chuandong; Zhang, Wei

    2017-09-01

    The economic emission dispatch (EED) problem aims to control generation cost and reduce the impact of waste gas on the environment. It has multiple constraints and nonconvex objectives. To solve it, the collective neurodynamic optimization (CNO) method, which combines heuristic approach and projection neural network (PNN), is attempted to optimize scheduling of an electrical microgrid with ten thermal generators and minimize the plus of generation and emission cost. As the objective function has non-derivative points considering valve point effect (VPE), differential inclusion approach is employed in the PNN model introduced to deal with them. Under certain conditions, the local optimality and convergence of the dynamic model for the optimization problem is analyzed. The capability of the algorithm is verified in a complicated situation, where transmission loss and prohibited operating zones are considered. In addition, the dynamic variation of load power at demand side is considered and the optimal scheduling of generators within 24 h is described. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. Systematic study of rapidity dispersion parameter in high energy nucleus-nucleus interactions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bhattacharyya, Swarnapratim; Haiduc, Maria; Neagu, Alina Tania; Firu, Elena

    2014-03-01

    A systematic study of rapidity dispersion parameter as a quantitative measure of clustering of particles has been carried out in the interactions of 16O, 28Si and 32S projectiles at 4.5 A GeV/c with heavy (AgBr) and light (CNO) groups of targets present in the nuclear emulsion. For all the interactions, the total ensemble of events has been divided into four overlapping multiplicity classes depending on the number of shower particles. For all the interactions and for each multiplicity class, the rapidity dispersion parameter values indicate the occurrence of clusterization during the multiparticle production at Dubna energy. The measured rapidity dispersion parameter values are found to decrease with the increase of average multiplicity for all the interactions. The dependence of rapidity dispersion parameter on the average multiplicity can be successfully described by a relation D(η) = a + b + c2. The experimental results have been compared with the results obtained from the analysis of Monte Carlo simulated (MC-RAND) events. MC-RAND events show weaker clusterization among the pions in comparison to the experimental data.

  1. Demographic response of black bears at Cold Lake, Alberta, to the removal of adult males

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Sargeant, Glen A.; Ruff, Robert L.

    2001-01-01

    Previous reports described an increase in population density following the removal of 23 adult male black bears (Ursus americanus) from a 218-km2 study area near Cold Lake, Alberta (the CLSA). This finding plays a central role in continuing debates over population regulation in bears, but has recently been criticized because density estimates were based on assumptions that were not met. Moreover, subsequent discussion has been predicated on conjecture that human exploitation had minimal influence on population dynamics. Our reanalysis supports previous descriptions of trends in bear density at Cold Lake. However, survival records revealed heavier exploitation than previously suspected. An underlying assumption of previous interpretationsCthat the Cold Lake bear population was naturally regulated near carrying capacityCno longer seems reasonable. Adult males deterred bears in other sex-age groups from using the CLSA; however, we found no evidence that birth or death rates were affected. The observed increase in local density should not be construed as a density-dependent response. Abrupt changes in local density might not have occurred if males had been removed from a larger area encompassing the CLSA.

  2. LENS: Science Scope and Development Stages

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vogelaar, R. Bruce

    2013-04-01

    The Low-Energy Neutrino Spectroscopy (LENS) experiment will resolve the solar metallicity question via measurement of the CNO neutrino flux, as well as test the predicted equivalence of solar luminosity as measured by photon versus neutrinos. The LENS detector uses charged-current interaction of neutrinos on Indium-115 (loaded in a scintillator, InLS) to reveal the complete solar neutrino spectrum. LENS's optically segmented 3D lattice geometry achieves precise time and spatial resolution and unprecedented background rejection and sensitivity for low-energy neutrino events. This first-of-a-kind lattice design is also suited for a range of other applications where high segmentation and large light collection are required (eg: sterile neutrinos with sources, double beta decay, and surface detection of reactor neutrinos). The physics scope, detector design, and logic driving the microLENS and miniLENS prototyping stages will be presented. The collaboration is actively running programs; building, operating, developing, and simulating these prototypes using the Kimballton Underground Research Facility (KURF). New members are welcome to the LENS Collaboration, and interested parties should contact R. Bruce Vogelaar.

  3. Relativistic Interaction of 22Ne and 26Mg in Hydrogen and the Cosmic-Ray Implications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, C.-X.; Albergo, S.; Caccia, Z.; Costa, S.; Crawford, H. J.; Cronqvist, M.; Engelage, J.; Greiner, L.; Guzik, T. G.; Insolia, A.; Knott, C. N.; Lindstrom, P. J.; McMahon, M.; Mitchell, J. W.; Potenza, R.; Russo, G. V.; Soutoul, A.; Testard, O.; Tull, C. E.; Tuvé, C.; Waddington, C. J.; Webber, W. R.; Wefel, J. P.

    1997-04-01

    The isotopic production cross sections for 22Ne projectiles at 377,581, and 894 MeV nucleon-1 and 26Mg projectiles at 371 and 576 MeV nucleon-1 interacting in a liquid hydrogen target have been measured by the Transport Collaboration at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Heavy-Ion Spectrometer System (LBL HISS) facility. These cross sections are compared with those predicted by semi-empirical formulae. The systematics are studied to develop suitable inputs for calculations of galactic cosmic-ray interstellar transport. These calculations are used to unfold the transport effects from available observations of cosmic-ray CNO isotopes to extract the underlying source composition. With these new cross section measurements, the previously reported enhancement of 18O at the cosmic-ray source, which is sensitive to the cross sections for production from 22Ne and 26Mg and the uncertainties in cross section prediction formulae, may be explained. There is no evidence for an enhancement of 18O when these new cross sections are used in a weighted slab propagation calculation.

  4. Constraining the S factor of {sup 15}N(p,{gamma}){sup 16}O at astrophysical energies

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    LeBlanc, P. J.; Goerres, J.; Beard, M.

    2010-11-15

    The {sup 15}N(p,{gamma}){sup 16}O reaction represents a breakout reaction linking the first and second cycles of the CNO cycles redistributing the carbon and nitrogen abundances into the oxygen range. The reaction is dominated by two broad resonances, at E{sub p}=338 and 1028 keV, and a direct capture contribution to the ground state of {sup 16}O. Interference effects between these contributions both in the low-energy region (E{sub p}<338 keV) and between the two resonances (338

  5. Production of radioactive isotopes through cosmic muon spallation in KamLAND

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Abe, S.; Furuno, K.; Gando, Y.

    2010-02-15

    Radioactive isotopes produced through cosmic muon spallation are a background for rare-event detection in nu detectors, double-beta-decay experiments, and dark-matter searches. Understanding the nature of cosmogenic backgrounds is particularly important for future experiments aiming to determine the pep and CNO solar neutrino fluxes, for which the background is dominated by the spallation production of {sup 11}C. Data from the Kamioka liquid-scintillator antineutrino detector (KamLAND) provides valuable information for better understanding these backgrounds, especially in liquid scintillators, and for checking estimates from current simulations based upon MUSIC, FLUKA, and GEANT4. Using the time correlation between detected muons and neutron captures, themore » neutron production yield in the KamLAND liquid scintillator is measured to be Y{sub n}=(2.8+-0.3)x10{sup -4} mu{sup -1} g{sup -1} cm{sup 2}. For other isotopes, the production yield is determined from the observed time correlation related to known isotope lifetimes. We find some yields are inconsistent with extrapolations based on an accelerator muon beam experiment.« less

  6. Study of the Production of Radioactive Isotopes through Cosmic Muon Spallation in KamLAND

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    KamLAND Collaboration; Abe, S.; Enomoto, S.

    2009-06-30

    Radioactive isotopes produced through cosmic muon spallation are a background for rare event detection in {nu} detectors, double-beta-decay experiments, and dark-matter searches. Understanding the nature of cosmogenic backgrounds is particularly important for future experiments aiming to determine the pep and CNO solar neutrino fluxes, for which the background is dominated by the spallation production of {sup 11}C. Data from the Kamioka Liquid scintillator Anti-Neutrino Detector (KamLAND) provides valuable information for better understanding these backgrounds, especially in liquid scintillator, and for checking estimates from current simulations based upon MUSIC, FLUKA, and Geant4. Using the time correlation between detected muons and neutronmore » captures, the neutron production yield in the KamLAND liquid scintillator is measured to be (2.8 {+-} 0.3) x 10{sup -4} n/({mu} {center_dot} (g/cm{sup 2})). For other isotopes, the production yield is determined from the observed time correlation related to known isotope lifetimes. We find some yields are inconsistent with extrapolations based on an accelerator muon beam experiment.« less

  7. Cluster Evolution at Early Stages of 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene under Various Heating Conditions: A Molecular Reactive Force Field Study.

    PubMed

    Wen, Yushi; Xue, Xianggui; Long, Xinping; Zhang, Chaoyang

    2016-06-09

    We carried out reactive molecular dynamics simulations by ReaxFF to study the initial events of an insensitive high explosive 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) against various thermal stimuli including constant-temperature heating, programmed heating, and adiabatic heating to simulate TATB suffering from accidental heating in reality. Cluster evolution at the early stage of the thermal decomposition of condensed TATB was the main focus as cluster formation primarily occurs when TATB is heated. The results show that cluster formation is the balance of the competition of intermolecular collision and molecular decomposition of TATB, that is, an appropriate temperature and certain duration are required for cluster formation and preservation. The temperature in the range of 2000-3000 K was found to be optimum for fast formation and a period of preservation. Besides, the intra- and intermolecular H transfers are always favorable, whereas the C-NO2 partition was favorable at high temperature. The simulation results are helpful to deepen the insight into the thermal properties of condensed TATB.

  8. Precision measurement of the (7)Be solar neutrino interaction rate in Borexino.

    PubMed

    Bellini, G; Benziger, J; Bick, D; Bonetti, S; Bonfini, G; Buizza Avanzini, M; Caccianiga, B; Cadonati, L; Calaprice, F; Carraro, C; Cavalcante, P; Chavarria, A; D'Angelo, D; Davini, S; Derbin, A; Etenko, A; Fomenko, K; Franco, D; Galbiati, C; Gazzana, S; Ghiano, C; Giammarchi, M; Goeger-Neff, M; Goretti, A; Grandi, L; Guardincerri, E; Hardy, S; Ianni, Aldo; Ianni, Andrea; Kobychev, V; Korablev, D; Korga, G; Koshio, Y; Kryn, D; Laubenstein, M; Lewke, T; Litvinovich, E; Loer, B; Lombardi, F; Lombardi, P; Ludhova, L; Machulin, I; Manecki, S; Maneschg, W; Manuzio, G; Meindl, Q; Meroni, E; Miramonti, L; Misiaszek, M; Montanari, D; Mosteiro, P; Muratova, V; Oberauer, L; Obolensky, M; Ortica, F; Pallavicini, M; Papp, L; Peña-Garay, C; Perasso, L; Perasso, S; Pocar, A; Raghavan, R S; Ranucci, G; Razeto, A; Re, A; Romani, A; Sabelnikov, A; Saldanha, R; Salvo, C; Schönert, S; Simgen, H; Skorokhvatov, M; Smirnov, O; Sotnikov, A; Sukhotin, S; Suvorov, Y; Tartaglia, R; Testera, G; Vignaud, D; Vogelaar, R B; von Feilitzsch, F; Winter, J; Wojcik, M; Wright, A; Wurm, M; Xu, J; Zaimidoroga, O; Zavatarelli, S; Zuzel, G

    2011-09-30

    The rate of neutrino-electron elastic scattering interactions from 862 keV (7)Be solar neutrinos in Borexino is determined to be 46.0±1.5(stat)(-1.6)(+1.5)(syst) counts/(day·100  ton). This corresponds to a ν(e)-equivalent (7)Be solar neutrino flux of (3.10±0.15)×10(9)  cm(-2) s(-1) and, under the assumption of ν(e) transition to other active neutrino flavours, yields an electron neutrino survival probability of 0.51±0.07 at 862 keV. The no flavor change hypothesis is ruled out at 5.0 σ. A global solar neutrino analysis with free fluxes determines Φ(pp)=6.06(-0.06)(+0.02)×10(10)  cm(-2) s(-1) and Φ(CNO)<1.3×10(9)  cm(-2) s(-1) (95% C.L.). These results significantly improve the precision with which the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein large mixing angle neutrino oscillation model is experimentally tested at low energy.

  9. The Mysterious 6565 Å Absorption Feature of the Galactic Halo

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sethi, Shiv K.; Shchekinov, Yuri; Nath, Biman B.

    2017-12-01

    We consider various possible scenarios to explain the recent observation of what has been called a broad Hα absorption in our Galactic halo, with peak optical depth τ ≃ 0.01 and equivalent width W≃ 0.17 \\mathringA . We show that the absorbed feature cannot arise from the circumgalactic and ISM Hα absorption. As the observed absorption feature is quite broad ({{Δ }}λ ≃ 30 \\mathringA ), we also consider CNO lines that lie close to Hα as possible alternatives to explain the feature. We show that such lines could also not account for the observed feature. Instead, we suggest that it could arise from diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) carriers or polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) absorption. While we identify several such lines close to the Hα transition, we are unable to determine the molecule responsible for the observed feature, partly because of selection effects that prevent us from identifying DIBs/PAHs features close to Hα using local observations. Deep integration of a few extragalactic sources with high spectral resolution might allow us to distinguish between different possible explanations.

  10. Measuring radiative capture rates at DRAGON

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hager, U.; Davids, B.; Fallis, J.; Greife, U.; Hutcheon, D. A.; Rojas, A.; Ruiz, C.

    2013-04-01

    The DRAGON recoil separator facility is located at the ISAC facility at TRIUMF, Vancouver. It is designed to measure radiative alpha and proton capture reactions of astrophysical importance in inverse kinematics. The Supernanogan ion source at ISAC provides stable beams of high intensities. The DRAGON collaboration has taken advantage of this over the last years by measuring several reactions requiring high-intensity stable oxygen beams. In particular,the ^17O(p,γ) and ^16O(α,γ) reaction rates were recently measured. The former reaction is part of the hot CNO cycle, and strongly influences the abundance of ^18F in classical novae. Because of its relatively long lifetime, ^18F is a possible target for satellite-based gamma-ray spectroscopy. The ^16O(α,γ) reaction plays a role in steady-state helium burning in massive stars, where it follows the ^12C(α,γ) reaction. At astrophysically relevant energies, the reaction proceeds exclusively via direct capture, resulting in a low rate. In both cases, the unique capabilities of DRAGON enabled determination not only of the total reaction rates, but also of decay branching ratios. Results from both experiments will be presented.

  11. Energy Calibration of the Scintillating Optical Fiber Calorimeter Chamber (SOFCAL)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Christl, M. C.; Fountain, W. F.; Parnell, T.; Roberts, F. E.; Gregory, J. C.; Johnson, J.; Takahashi, Y.

    1997-01-01

    The Scintillating Optical Fiber Calorimeter (SOFCAL) detector is designed to make direct measures of the primary cosmic ray spectrum from -200 GeV/amu - 20 TeV/amu. The primary particles are resolved into groups according to their charge (p, He, CNO, Medium Z, Heavy Z) using both active and passive components integrated into the detector. The principal part of SOFCAL is a thin ionization calorimeter that measures the electromagnetic cascades that result from these energetic particles interacting in the detector. The calorimeter is divided into two sections: a thin passive emulsion/x-ray film calorimeter, and a fiber calorimeter that uses crossing layers of small scintillating optical fibers to sample the energy deposition of the cascades. The energy determination is made by fitting the fiber data to transition curves generated by Monte Carlo simulations. The fiber data must first be calibrated using the electron counts from the emulsion plates in the calorimeter for a small number of events. The technique and results of this calibration will be presented together with samples of the data from a balloon flight.

  12. Materials Genome Initiative

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Vickers, John

    2015-01-01

    The Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) project element is a cross-Center effort that is focused on the integration of computational tools to simulate manufacturing processes and materials behavior. These computational simulations will be utilized to gain understanding of processes and materials behavior to accelerate process development and certification to more efficiently integrate new materials in existing NASA projects and to lead to the design of new materials for improved performance. This NASA effort looks to collaborate with efforts at other government agencies and universities working under the national MGI. MGI plans to develop integrated computational/experimental/ processing methodologies for accelerating discovery and insertion of materials to satisfy NASA's unique mission demands. The challenges include validated design tools that incorporate materials properties, processes, and design requirements; and materials process control to rapidly mature emerging manufacturing methods and develop certified manufacturing processes

  13. Chemical processing of lunar materials

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Criswell, D. R.; Waldron, R. D.

    1979-01-01

    The paper highlights recent work on the general problem of processing lunar materials. The discussion covers lunar source materials, refined products, motivations for using lunar materials, and general considerations for a lunar or space processing plant. Attention is given to chemical processing through various techniques, including electrolysis of molten silicates, carbothermic/silicothermic reduction, carbo-chlorination process, NaOH basic-leach process, and HF acid-leach process. Several options for chemical processing of lunar materials are well within the state of the art of applied chemistry and chemical engineering to begin development based on the extensive knowledge of lunar materials.

  14. 5th Conference on Aerospace Materials, Processes, and Environmental Technology

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Cook, M. B. (Editor); Stanley, D. Cross (Editor)

    2003-01-01

    Records are presented from the 5th Conference on Aerospace Materials, Processes, and Environmental Technology. Topics included pollution prevention, inspection methods, advanced materials, aerospace materials and technical standards,materials testing and evaluation, advanced manufacturing,development in metallic processes, synthesis of nanomaterials, composite cryotank processing, environmentally friendly cleaning, and poster sessions.

  15. 76 FR 72902 - Materials Processing Equipment Technical Advisory Committee;

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-28

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Materials Processing Equipment Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting The Materials Processing Equipment Technical... questions that affect the level of export controls applicable to materials processing equipment and related...

  16. Organic electronic devices with multiple solution-processed layers

    DOEpatents

    Forrest, Stephen R.; Lassiter, Brian E.; Zimmerman, Jeramy D.

    2015-08-04

    A method of fabricating a tandem organic photosensitive device involves depositing a first layer of an organic electron donor type material film by solution-processing of the organic electron donor type material dissolved in a first solvent; depositing a first layer of an organic electron acceptor type material over the first layer of the organic electron donor type material film by a dry deposition process; depositing a conductive layer over the interim stack by a dry deposition process; depositing a second layer of the organic electron donor type material over the conductive layer by solution-processing of the organic electron donor type material dissolved in a second solvent, wherein the organic electron acceptor type material and the conductive layer are insoluble in the second solvent; depositing a second layer of an organic electron acceptor type material over the second layer of the organic electron donor type material film by a dry deposition process, resulting in a stack.

  17. 75 FR 47546 - Materials Processing Equipment; Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-06

    ... questions that affect the level of export controls applicable to materials processing equipment and related... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Materials Processing Equipment; Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting The Materials Processing Equipment Technical...

  18. 75 FR 66356 - Materials Processing Equipment Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-28

    ... questions that affect the level of export controls applicable to materials processing equipment and related... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Materials Processing Equipment Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting The Materials Processing Equipment Technical...

  19. 78 FR 13625 - Materials Processing Equipment Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-28

    ... questions that affect the level of export controls applicable to materials processing equipment and related... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Materials Processing Equipment Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting The Materials Processing Equipment Technical...

  20. 77 FR 65857 - Materials Processing Equipment Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-31

    ... questions that affect the level of export controls applicable to materials processing equipment and related... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Materials Processing Equipment Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting The Materials Processing Equipment Technical...

  1. 76 FR 20949 - Materials Processing Equipment Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-14

    ... that affect the level of export controls applicable to materials processing equipment and related... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Materials Processing Equipment Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting The Materials Processing Equipment Technical...

  2. 77 FR 42483 - Materials Processing Equipment Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-19

    ... questions that affect the level of export controls applicable to materials processing equipment and related... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Materials Processing Equipment Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting The Materials Processing Equipment Technical...

  3. 78 FR 24160 - Materials Processing Equipment Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-24

    ... questions that affect the level of export controls applicable to materials processing equipment and related... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Materials Processing Equipment Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting The Materials Processing Equipment Technical...

  4. 77 FR 25960 - Materials Processing Equipment Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-02

    ... questions that affect the level of export controls applicable to materials processing equipment and related... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Materials Processing Equipment Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting The Materials Processing Equipment Technical...

  5. 78 FR 42754 - Materials Processing Equipment Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-17

    ... questions that affect the level of export controls applicable to materials processing equipment and related... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Materials Processing Equipment Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting The Materials Processing Equipment Technical...

  6. 76 FR 42678 - Materials Processing Equipment; Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-19

    ... questions that affect the level of export controls applicable to materials processing equipment and related... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Materials Processing Equipment; Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting The Materials Processing Equipment Technical...

  7. 78 FR 63161 - Materials Processing Equipment Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-23

    ... questions that affect the level of export controls applicable to materials processing equipment and related... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Materials Processing Equipment Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Partially Closed Meeting The Materials Processing Equipment Technical...

  8. New determination of abundances and stellar parameters for a set of weak G-band stars

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Palacios, A.; Jasniewicz, G.; Masseron, T.; Thévenin, F.; Itam-Pasquet, J.; Parthasarathy, M.

    2016-03-01

    Context. Weak G-band (wGb) stars are a very peculiar class of red giants; they are almost devoided of carbon and often present mild lithium enrichment. Despite their very puzzling abundance patterns, very few detailed spectroscopic studies existed up to a few years ago, which prevented any clear understanding of the wGb phenomenon. We recently proposed the first consistent analysis of published data for a sample of 28 wGb stars and were able to identify them as descendants of early A-type to late B-type stars, although we were not able to conclude on their evolutionary status or the origin of their peculiar abundance pattern. Aims: Using new high-resolution spectra, we present the study of a new sample of wGb stars with the aim of homogeneously deriving their fundamental parameters and surface abundances for a selected set of chemical species that we use to improve our insight on this peculiar class of objects. Methods: We obtained high-resolution and high signal-to-noise spectra for 19 wGb stars in the southern and northern hemisphere that we used to perform consistent spectral synthesis to derive their fundamental parameters and metallicities, as well as the spectroscopic abundances for Li, C, 12C/13C, N, O, Na, Sr, and Ba. We also computed dedicated stellar evolution models that we used to determine the masses and to investigate the evolutionary status and chemical history of the stars in our sample. Results: We confirm that the wGb stars are stars with initial masses in the range 3.2 to 4.2 M⊙. We suggest that a large fraction could be mildly evolved stars on the subgiant branch currently undergoing the first dredge-up, while a smaller number of stars are more probably in the core He burning phase at the clump. After analysing their abundance pattern, we confirm their strong nitrogen enrichment anti-correlated with large carbon depletion, characteristic of material fully processed through the CNO cycle to an extent not known in evolved intermediate-mass stars in the field and in open clusters. However, we demonstrate here that such a pattern is very unlikely owing to self-enrichment. Conclusions: In the light of the current observational constraints, no solid self-consistent pollution scenario can be presented either, leaving the wGb puzzle largely unsolved. Based on data collected at La Silla Observatory (ESO, Chile), program identifier ID 089.D-0189(A), and at the Telescope Bernard Lyot (USR5026) operated by the Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France.

  9. DDR process and materials for novel tone reverse technique

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shigaki, Shuhei; Shibayama, Wataru; Takeda, Satoshi; Tamura, Mamoru; Nakajima, Makoto; Sakamoto, Rikimaru

    2018-03-01

    We developed the novel process and material which can be created reverse-tone pattern without any collapse. The process was Dry Development Rinse (DDR) process, and the material used in this process was DDR material. DDR material was containing siloxane polymer which could be replaced the space area of the photo resist pattern. And finally, the reverse-tone pattern could be obtained by dry etching process without any pattern collapse issue. DDR process could be achieved fine line and space patterning below hp14nm without any pattern collapse by combination of PTD or NTD photo resist. DDR materials were demonstrated with latest coater track at imec. DDR process was fully automated and good CD uniformity was achieved after dry development. Detailed evaluation could be achieved with whole wafer such a study of CD uniformity (CDU). CDU of DDR pattern was compared to pre-pattern's CDU. Lower CDU was achieved and CDU healing was observed with special DDR material. By further evaluation, special DDR material showed relatively small E-slope compared to another DDR material. This small E-slope caused CDU improvement.

  10. Nonterrestrial material processing and manufacturing of large space systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Von Tiesenhausen, G.

    1979-01-01

    Nonterrestrial processing of materials and manufacturing of large space system components from preprocessed lunar materials at a manufacturing site in space is described. Lunar materials mined and preprocessed at the lunar resource complex will be flown to the space manufacturing facility (SMF), where together with supplementary terrestrial materials, they will be final processed and fabricated into space communication systems, solar cell blankets, radio frequency generators, and electrical equipment. Satellite Power System (SPS) material requirements and lunar material availability and utilization are detailed, and the SMF processing, refining, fabricating facilities, material flow and manpower requirements are described.

  11. Effects of cat exposure and cat odors on subsequent amphetamine-induced stereotypy.

    PubMed

    Williams, J L; Barber, R G

    1990-06-01

    The effect of exposure to a cat, as a predatory stressor, was examined in male and female rats during subsequent tests of amphetamine-induced stereotypy in which cat odors were present or absent. Rats in Group C/O were given a 15-min exposure session to a male cat while they were protected in a wire cage. They were then given an IP injection of d-amphetamine (1 mg/kg) and tested 30 min later for stereotypy in the presence of cat odors (soiled cat litter). Rats in Group NC/O were given a no-cat-exposure control session, and amphetamine tested with cat odors. Groups C/NO and NC/NO were both tested without cat odors (fresh litter), with the former group having been previously exposed to a cat. During the 90-min test sessions, female rats showed significantly more stereotypy than males. More importantly, the male subjects in group C/O exhibited significantly more stereotypy than the males in the other groups, and group NC/NO males showed the least amount of stereotypy. These findings clearly indicate that amphetamine reactivity is influenced by prior exposure to a predator, the presence of predatory odors during testing, and the subject's sex.

  12. Chemical Composition of RR Lyn - an Eclipsing Binary System with Am and λ Boo Type Components

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jeong, Yeuncheol; Yushchenko, Alexander V.; Doikov, Dmytry N.; Gopka, Vira F.; Yushchenko, Volodymyr O.

    2017-06-01

    High-resolution spectroscopic observations of the eclipsing binary system RR Lyn were made using the 1.8 m telescope at the Bohuynsan Optical Astronomical Observatory in Korea. The spectral resolving power was R = 82,000, with a signal to noise ratio of S/N > 150. We found the effective temperatures and surface gravities of the primary and secondary components to be equal to Teff = 7,920 & 7,210 K and log(g) = 3.80 & 4.16, respectively. The abundances of 34 and 17 different chemical elements were found in the atmospheric components. Correlations between the derived abundances with condensation temperatures and the second ionization potentials of these elements are discussed. The primary component is a typical metallic line star with the abundances of light and iron group elements close to solar values, while elements with atomic numbers Z > 30 are overabundant by 0.5-1.5 dex with respect to solar values. The secondary component is a λ Boo type star. In this type of stars, CNO abundances are close to solar values, while the abundance pattern shows a negative correlation with condensation temperatures.

  13. The CNO and Leading Innovation: Competencies for the Future.

    PubMed

    Weatherford, Barbara; Bower, Kathleen A; Vitello-Cicciu, Joan

    Although innovation is critical to success in today's tumultuous environment, health care is slow to embrace it, and there is significant variability in strategic adoption of innovation across organizations. Nurse leaders do not need to be innovators themselves but must engage in, and have the ability to create, an organizational culture of innovation. Twenty-six leadership behaviors specific to innovation leadership were identified through a Delphi study to develop competencies as well as the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that support nurse leaders in acquiring or expanding the capability of nurse leaders to create a culture of innovation. It was demonstrated that nursing innovation experts were able to differentiate between general leadership behaviors and innovation leader behaviors. In addition, the need to acquire basic leadership competencies before mastering innovation leader competencies was identified. Five strategies to initiate or expand a culture of innovation in organizations were identified, including (1) assessment of organizational capacity for innovation; (2) acknowledgement of the responsibility of all leaders to create an innovation-rich environment; (3) provision of education, skill building, and coaching; (4) encouragement of an ongoing practice of innovation, even in the face of failure; and (5) development of a sustainable culture of innovation.

  14. The {sup 14}N(p,{gamma}){sup 15}O reaction studied with a composite germanium detector

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Marta, M.; Bemmerer, D.; Formicola, A.

    2011-04-15

    The rate of the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen (CNO) cycle of hydrogen burning is controlled by the {sup 14}N(p,{gamma}){sup 15}O reaction. The reaction proceeds by capture to the ground states and several excited states in {sup 15}O. In order to obtain a reliable extrapolation of the excitation curve to astrophysical energy, fits in the R-matrix framework are needed. In an energy range that sensitively tests such fits, new cross-section data are reported here for the four major transitions in the {sup 14}N(p,{gamma}){sup 15}O reaction. The experiment has been performed at the Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics (LUNA) 400-kV accelerator placed deep underground inmore » the Gran Sasso facility in Italy. Using a composite germanium detector, summing corrections have been considerably reduced with respect to previous studies. The cross sections for capture to the ground state and to the 5181, 6172, and 6792 keV excited states in {sup 15}O have been determined at 359, 380, and 399 keV beam energy. In addition, the branching ratios for the decay of the 278-keV resonance have been remeasured.« less

  15. NEON AND CNO ABUNDANCES FOR EXTREME HELIUM STARS-A NON-LTE ANALYSIS

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pandey, Gajendra; Lambert, David L., E-mail: pandey@iiap.res.in, E-mail: dll@astro.as.utexas.edu

    A non-LTE (NLTE) abundance analysis was carried out for three extreme helium stars (EHes): BD+10{sup 0} 2179, BD-9{sup 0} 4395, and LS IV+6{sup 0} 002, from their optical spectra with NLTE model atmospheres. NLTE TLUSTY model atmospheres were computed with H, He, C, N, O, and Ne treated in NLTE. Model atmosphere parameters were chosen from consideration of fits to observed He I line profiles and ionization equilibria of C and N ions. The program SYNSPEC was then used to determine the NLTE abundances for Ne as well as H, He, C, N, and O. LTE neon abundances from Nemore » I lines in the EHes: LSE 78, V1920 Cyg, HD 124448, and PV Tel, are derived from published models and an estimate of the NLTE correction applied to obtain the NLTE Ne abundance. We show that the derived abundances of these key elements, including Ne, are well matched with semi-quantitative predictions for the EHe resulting from a cold merger (i.e., no nucleosynthesis during the merger) of an He white dwarf with a C-O white dwarf.« less

  16. Vacancy-induced initial decomposition of condensed phase NTO via bimolecular hydrogen transfer mechanisms at high pressure: a DFT-D study.

    PubMed

    Liu, Zhichao; Wu, Qiong; Zhu, Weihua; Xiao, Heming

    2015-04-28

    Density functional theory with dispersion-correction (DFT-D) was employed to study the effects of vacancy and pressure on the structure and initial decomposition of crystalline 5-nitro-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (β-NTO), a high-energy insensitive explosive. A comparative analysis of the chemical behaviors of NTO in the ideal bulk crystal and vacancy-containing crystals under applied hydrostatic compression was considered. Our calculated formation energy, vacancy interaction energy, electron density difference, and frontier orbitals reveal that the stability of NTO can be effectively manipulated by changing the molecular environment. Bimolecular hydrogen transfer is suggested to be a potential initial chemical reaction in the vacancy-containing NTO solid at 50 GPa, which is prior to the C-NO2 bond dissociation as its initiation decomposition in the gas phase. The vacancy defects introduced into the ideal bulk NTO crystal can produce a localized site, where the initiation decomposition is preferentially accelerated and then promotes further decompositions. Our results may shed some light on the influence of the molecular environments on the initial pathways in molecular explosives.

  17. Pure-tone audiograms and hearing loss in the white whale (Delphinapterus leucas)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Finneran, James J.; Carder, Donald A.; Dear, Randall; Belting, Traci; Ridgway, Sam H.

    2003-10-01

    A behavioral response paradigm was used to measure pure-tone audiograms for two white whales (Delphinapterus leucas). Tests were conducted over a 20 month period at the Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium, in Tacoma, Washington. Subjects consisted of two males, aged 8-10 and 9-11 during the course of the study. Subjects were born in an oceanarium and had been housed together for all of their lives. Hearing thresholds were measured using a modified up/down staircase procedure and acoustic response paradigm where subjects were trained to whistle in response to hearing test tones and to remain quiet otherwise. Test frequencies ranged from approximately 2 to 130 kHz. Best sensitivities ranged from 40 to 50 dB re: 1 Pa. Both subjects had traditional U-shaped mammalian audiograms; however, one subject exhibited significant high-frequency hearing loss, above approximately 37 kHz. The experimental setup and procedure will be presented and the measured hearing thresholds compared to those previously measured in white whales. The potential role of ototoxic antibiotics in the observed hearing loss will be discussed. [Work supported by ONR Marine Mammal S&T Program and the U.S. Navy CNO(N45).

  18. Infrared Spectroscopy of the Late-Type Star in the Neutron Star X-ray Symbiotic System 4U 1700+24 = V934 Herculis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hinkle, Kenneth; Fekel, Francis; Joyce, Richard; Mikolajewska, Joanna; Galan, Cezary

    2018-01-01

    V934 Her = 4U 1700+24 is a previously known M giant - neutron star X-ray symbiotic system. Employing newly measured optical and infrared radial velocities spanning 29 years plus the extensive set of velocities in the literature, we have computed the orbit of the M III in that system. We determine an orbital period of 4391 days or 12.0 yr, far longer than the 404 day orbit commonly cited in the literature. In addition to the 12.0 yr orbital period we find a shorter period of 420 days, similar to that previously found. Instead of orbital motion, we attribute this shorter period to a long secondary pulsation (LSP) period in the SRb variable M3 III. The orbit is seen nearly pole on explaining why X-ray pulsations associated with the neutron star have not been detected. Arguments are made that this orientation supports a pulsation origin for LSP. We also measure CNO and Fe peak abundances of the M giant. Basic properties of the M giant are derived. We discuss the possible evolutionary paths this system has taken to get to its current state.

  19. A Detailed FLUKA-2005 Monte Carlo Simulation for the ATIC Detector

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gunasingha, R. M.; Fazely, A. R.; Adams, J. H.; Ahn, H. S.; Bashindzhagyan, G. L.; Batkov, K. E.; Chang, J.; Christl, M.; Ganel, O.; Guzik, T. G.

    2006-01-01

    We have performed a detailed Monte Carlo (MC) calculation for the Advanced thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) detector using the MC code FLUKA-2005 which is capable of simulating particles up to 10 PeV. The ATIC detector has completed two successful balloon flights from McMurdo, Antarctica lasting a total of more than 35 days. ATIC is designed as a multiple, long duration balloon Bight, investigation of the cosmic ray spectra from below 50 GeV to near 100 TeV total energy; using a fully active Bismuth Germanate @GO) calorimeter. It is equipped with a large mosaic of silicon detector pixels capable of charge identification and as a particle tracking system, three projective layers of x-y scintillator hodoscopes were employed, above, in the middle and below a 0.75 nuclear interaction length graphite target. Our calculations are part of an analysis package of both A- and energy-dependences of different nuclei interacting with the ATIC detector. The MC simulates the responses of different components of the detector such as the Simatrix, the scintillator hodoscopes and the BGO calorimeter to various nuclei. We also show comparisons of the FLUKA-2005 MC calculations with a GEANT calculation and data for protons, He and CNO.

  20. Microstructure and Texture of Al-2.5wt.%Mg Processed by Combining Accumulative Roll Bonding and Conventional Rolling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gatti, J. R.; Bhattacharjee, P. P.

    2014-12-01

    Evolution of microstructure and texture during severe deformation and annealing was studied in Al-2.5%Mg alloy processed by two different routes, namely, monotonic Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB) and a hybrid route combining ARB and conventional rolling (CR). For this purpose Al-2.5%Mg sheets were subjected to 5 cycles of monotonic ARB (equivalent strain (ɛeq) = 4.0) processing while in the hybrid route (ARB + CR) 3 cycle ARB-processed sheets were further deformed by conventional rolling to 75% reduction in thickness (ɛeq = 4.0). Although formation of ultrafine structure was observed in the two processing routes, the monotonic ARB—processed material showed finer microstructure but weak texture as compared to the ARB + CR—processed material. After complete recrystallization, the ARB + CR-processed material showed weak cube texture ({001}<100>) but the cube component was almost negligible in the monotonic ARB-processed material-processed material. However, the ND-rotated cube components were stronger in the monotonic ARB-processed material-processed material. The observed differences in the microstructure and texture evolution during deformation and annealing could be explained by the characteristic differences of the two processing routes.

  1. Preliminary guidelines and recommendations for the development of material and process specifications for carbon fiber-reinforced liquid resin molded materials.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2007-05-01

    This document recommends guidance and criteria for the development of material and process specifications and material acceptance documents for liquid resins and continuous carbon fiber reinforcement materials used in liquid molding processes to manu...

  2. The materials processing research base of the Materials Processing Center

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Flemings, M. C.; Bowen, H. K.; Kenney, G. B.

    1980-01-01

    The goals and activities of the center are discussed. The center activities encompass all engineering materials including metals, ceramics, polymers, electronic materials, composites, superconductors, and thin films. Processes include crystallization, solidification, nucleation, and polymer synthesis.

  3. Identification of High Performance, Low Environmental Impact Materials and Processes Using Systematic Substitution (SyS)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dhooge, P. M.; Nimitz, J. S.

    2001-01-01

    Process analysis can identify opportunities for efficiency improvement including cost reduction, increased safety, improved quality, and decreased environmental impact. A thorough, systematic approach to materials and process selection is valuable in any analysis. New operations and facilities design offer the best opportunities for proactive cost reduction and environmental improvement, but existing operations and facilities can also benefit greatly. Materials and processes that have been used for many years may be sources of excessive resource use, waste generation, pollution, and cost burden that should be replaced. Operational and purchasing personnel may not recognize some materials and processes as problems. Reasons for materials or process replacement may include quality and efficiency improvements, excessive resource use and waste generation, materials and operational costs, safety (flammability or toxicity), pollution prevention, compatibility with new processes or materials, and new or anticipated regulations.

  4. Modeling of materials supply, demand and prices

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1982-01-01

    The societal, economic, and policy tradeoffs associated with materials processing and utilization, are discussed. The materials system provides the materials engineer with the system analysis required for formulate sound materials processing, utilization, and resource development policies and strategies. Materials system simulation and modeling research program including assessments of materials substitution dynamics, public policy implications, and materials process economics was expanded. This effort includes several collaborative programs with materials engineers, economists, and policy analysts. The technical and socioeconomic issues of materials recycling, input-output analysis, and technological change and productivity are examined. The major thrust areas in materials systems research are outlined.

  5. Evaluating MC&A effectiveness to verify the presence of nuclear materials

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Dawson, P. G.; Morzinski, J. A.; Ostenak, Carl A.

    Traditional materials accounting is focused exclusively on the material balance area (MBA), and involves periodically closing a material balance based on accountability measurements conducted during a physical inventory. In contrast, the physical inventory for Los Alamos National Laboratory's near-real-time accounting system is established around processes and looks more like an item inventory. That is, the intent is not to measure material for accounting purposes, since materials have already been measured in the normal course of daily operations. A given unit process operates many times over the course of a material balance period. The product of a given unit process maymore » move for processing within another unit process in the same MBA or may be transferred out of the MBA. Since few materials are unmeasured the physical inventory for a near-real-time process area looks more like an item inventory. Thus, the intent of the physical inventory is to locate the materials on the books and verify information about the materials contained in the books. Closing a materials balance for such an area is a matter of summing all the individual mass balances for the batches processed by all unit processes in the MBA. Additionally, performance parameters are established to measure the program's effectiveness. Program effectiveness for verifying the presence of nuclear material is required to be equal to or greater than a prescribed performance level, process measurements must be within established precision and accuracy values, physical inventory results meet or exceed performance requirements, and inventory differences are less than a target/goal quantity. This approach exceeds DOE established accounting and physical inventory program requirements. Hence, LANL is committed to this approach and to seeking opportunities for further improvement through integrated technologies. This paper will provide a detailed description of this evaluation process.« less

  6. High-resolution abundance analysis of HD 140283

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Siqueira-Mello, C.; Andrievsky, S. M.; Barbuy, B.; Spite, M.; Spite, F.; Korotin, S. A.

    2015-12-01

    Context. HD 140283 is a reference subgiant that is metal poor and confirmed to be a very old star. The element abundances of this type of old star can constrain the nature and nucleosynthesis processes that occurred in its (even older) progenitors. The present study may shed light on nucleosynthesis processes yielding heavy elements early in the Galaxy. Aims: A detailed analysis of a high-quality spectrum is carried out, with the intent of providing a reference on stellar lines and abundances of a very old, metal-poor subgiant. We aim to derive abundances from most available and measurable spectral lines. Methods: The analysis is carried out using high-resolution (R = 81 000) and high signal-to-noise ratio (800

  7. Materials processing in space: Early experiments

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Naumann, R. J.; Herring, H. W.

    1980-01-01

    The characteristics of the space environment were reviewed. Potential applications of space processing are discussed and include metallurgical processing, and processing of semiconductor materials. The behavior of fluid in low gravity is described. The evolution of apparatus for materials processing in space was reviewed.

  8. Key technologies for manufacturing and processing sheet materials: A global perspective

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Demeri, Mahmoud Y.

    2001-02-01

    Modern industrial technologies continue to seek new materials and processes to produce products that meet design and functional requirements. Sheet materials made from ferrous and non-ferrous metals, laminates, composites, and reinforced plastics constitute a large percentage of today’s products, components, and systems. Major manufacturers of sheet products include automotive, aerospace, appliance, and food-packaging industries. The Second Global Symposium on Innovations in Materials Processing & Manufacturing: Sheet Materials is organized to provide a forum for presenting advances in sheet processing and manufacturing by worldwide researchers and engineers from industrial, research, and academic centers. The symposium, sponsored by the TMS Materials Processing & Manufacturing Division (MPMD), was planned for the 2001 TMS Annual Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, February 11 15, 2001. This article is a review of key papers submitted for publication in the concurrent volume. The selected papers present significant developments in the rapidly expanding areas of advanced sheet materials, innovative forming methods, industrial applications, primary and secondary processing, composite processing, and numerical modeling of manufacturing processes.

  9. Article and process for producing an article

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lacy, Benjamin Paul; Jacala, Ariel Caesar Prepena; Kottilingam, Srikanth Chandrudu

    An article and a process of producing an article are provided. The article includes a base material, a cooling feature arrangement positioned on the base material, the cooling feature arrangement including an additive-structured material, and a cover material. The cooling feature arrangement is between the base material and the cover material. The process of producing the article includes manufacturing a cooling feature arrangement by an additive manufacturing technique, and then positioning the cooling feature arrangement between a base material and a cover material.

  10. A survey of the economics of materials processing in space. [accenting biomedical materials

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Miller, B. P.

    1975-01-01

    A survey of the economics of space materials processing has been performed with the objectives of identifying those areas of space materials processing that give preliminary indication of significant economic potential, and to identify possible approaches to quantify the economic potential. It is concluded that limited economic studies have been performed to date, primarily in the area of the processing of inorganic materials, but that the economics of space processing of biological material has not received adequate attention. Specific studies are recommended to evaluate the economic impact of human lymphocyte subgroup separation on organ transplantation, and on the separation and concentration of urokinase producing cells.

  11. High magnetic field processing of liquid crystalline polymers

    DOEpatents

    Smith, M.E.; Benicewicz, B.C.; Douglas, E.P.

    1998-11-24

    A process of forming bulk articles of oriented liquid crystalline thermoset material, the material characterized as having an enhanced tensile modulus parallel to orientation of an applied magnetic field of at least 25 percent greater than said material processed in the absence of a magnetic field, by curing a liquid crystalline thermoset precursor within a high strength magnetic field of greater than about 2 Tesla, is provided, together with a resultant bulk article of a liquid crystalline thermoset material, said material processed in a high strength magnetic field whereby said material is characterized as having a tensile modulus parallel to orientation of said field of at least 25 percent greater than said material processed in the absence of a magnetic field.

  12. High magnetic field processing of liquid crystalline polymers

    DOEpatents

    Smith, Mark E.; Benicewicz, Brian C.; Douglas, Elliot P.

    1998-01-01

    A process of forming bulk articles of oriented liquid crystalline thermoset material, the material characterized as having an enhanced tensile modulus parallel to orientation of an applied magnetic field of at least 25 percent greater than said material processed in the absence of a magnetic field, by curing a liquid crystalline thermoset precursor within a high strength magnetic field of greater than about 2 Tesla, is provided, together with a resultant bulk article of a liquid crystalline thermoset material, said material processed in a high strength magnetic field whereby said material is characterized as having a tensile modulus parallel to orientation of said field of at least 25 percent greater than said material processed in the absence of a magnetic field.

  13. Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Aerospace Materials, Processes, and Environmental Technology

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Griffin, D. E. (Editor); Stanley, D. C. (Editor)

    2001-01-01

    The next millennium challenges us to produce innovative materials, processes, manufacturing, and environmental technologies that meet low-cost aerospace transportation needs while maintaining US leadership. The pursuit of advanced aerospace materials, manufacturing processes, and environmental technologies supports the development of safer, operational, next-generation, reusable, and expendable aeronautical and space vehicle systems. The Aerospace Materials, Processes, and Environmental Technology Conference (AMPET) provided a forum for manufacturing, environmental, materials, and processes engineers, scientists, and managers to describe, review, and critically assess advances in these key technology areas.

  14. Processing materials in space - The history and the future

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Chassay, Roger; Carswell, Bill

    1987-01-01

    The development of materials processing in space, and some of the Soyuz, Apollo, Skylab, and Shuttle orbital materials experiments are reviewed. Consideration is given to protein crystal growth, electrophoresis, low-gravity isoelectric focusing, phase partitioning, a monodisperse latex reactor, semiconductor crystal growth, solution crystal growth, the triglycine sulfate experiment, vapor crystal growth experiments, the mercuric iodide experiment, electronic and electrooptical materials, organic thin films and crystalline solids, deep undercooling of metals and alloys, magnetic materials, immiscible materials, metal solidification research, reluctant glass-forming materials, and containerless glass formation. The space processing apparatuses and ground facilities, for materials processing are described. Future facilities for commercial research, development, and manufacturing in space are proposed.

  15. Pulse thermal processing of functional materials using directed plasma arc

    DOEpatents

    Ott, Ronald D [Knoxville, TN; Blue, Craig A [Knoxville, TN; Dudney, Nancy J [Knoxville, TN; Harper, David C [Kingston, TN

    2007-05-22

    A method of thermally processing a material includes exposing the material to at least one pulse of infrared light emitted from a directed plasma arc to thermally process the material, the pulse having a duration of no more than 10 s.

  16. Microgravity Effects on Materials Processing: A Review. Appendix D

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wilcox, William R.; Regel, Liya L.

    2003-01-01

    Materials processing in space has been studied both theoretically and experimentally for over 1/4 of a century. In the beginning, we naively spoke of zero gravity, elimination of convection, growth of perfect crystals, and eventual manufacturing in space. All of these appear to have fallen by the wayside. On the other hand, we have learned an unprecedented amount about the influences of gravity on materials processing. We have had many surprises, and not all experimental results have yet been satisfactorily explained. Gravity was found to influence processes that were thought to be gravity-independent. One consequence is that materials processing on earth has often been improved. And it is difficult to imagine how the materials-processing industries could have flourished without the engineers and scientists who received their training by working on microgravity materials processing.

  17. Materials processing in space

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1975-01-01

    The feasibility and possible advantages of processing materials in a nongravitational field are considered. Areas of investigation include biomedical applications, the processing of inorganic materials, and flight programs and funding.

  18. Possibilities of Laser Processing of Paper Materials

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stepanov, Alexander; Saukkonen, Esa; Piili, Heidi

    Nowadays, lasers are applied in many industrial processes: the most developed technologies include such processes as laser welding, hybrid welding, laser cutting of steel, etc. In addition to laser processing of metallic materials, there are also many industrial applications of laser processing of non-metallic materials, like laser welding of polymers, laser marking of glass and laser cutting of wood-based materials. It is commonly known that laser beam is suitable for cutting of paper materials as well as all natural wood-fiber based materials. This study reveals the potential and gives overview of laser application in processing of paper materials. In 1990's laser technology increased its volume in papermaking industry; lasers at paper industry gained acceptance for different perforating and scoring applications. Nowadays, with reduction in the cost of equipment and development of laser technology (especially development of CO2 technology), laser processing of paper material has started to become more widely used and more efficient. However, there exists quite little published research results and reviews about laser processing of paper materials. In addition, forest industry products with pulp and paper products in particular are among major contributors for the Finnish economy with 20% share of total exports in the year 2013. This has been the standpoint of view and motivation for writing this literature review article: when there exists more published research work, knowledge of laser technology can be increased to apply it for processing of paper materials.

  19. Manufacturing process and material selection in concurrent collaborative design of MEMS devices

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zha, Xuan F.; Du, H.

    2003-09-01

    In this paper we present knowledge of an intensive approach and system for selecting suitable manufacturing processes and materials for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices in concurrent collaborative design environment. In the paper, fundamental issues on MEMS manufacturing process and material selection such as concurrent design framework, manufacturing process and material hierarchies, and selection strategy are first addressed. Then, a fuzzy decision support scheme for a multi-criteria decision-making problem is proposed for estimating, ranking and selecting possible manufacturing processes, materials and their combinations. A Web-based prototype advisory system for the MEMS manufacturing process and material selection, WebMEMS-MASS, is developed based on the client-knowledge server architecture and framework to help the designer find good processes and materials for MEMS devices. The system, as one of the important parts of an advanced simulation and modeling tool for MEMS design, is a concept level process and material selection tool, which can be used as a standalone application or a Java applet via the Web. The running sessions of the system are inter-linked with webpages of tutorials and reference pages to explain the facets, fabrication processes and material choices, and calculations and reasoning in selection are performed using process capability and material property data from a remote Web-based database and interactive knowledge base that can be maintained and updated via the Internet. The use of the developed system including operation scenario, use support, and integration with an MEMS collaborative design system is presented. Finally, an illustration example is provided.

  20. 39 CFR 320.2 - Suspension for certain data processing materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... processing; and (3) “data processing materials” means materials of all types that are sent exclusively for... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Suspension for certain data processing materials... LETTERS SUSPENSION OF THE PRIVATE EXPRESS STATUTES § 320.2 Suspension for certain data processing...

  1. 39 CFR 320.2 - Suspension for certain data processing materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... processing; and (3) “data processing materials” means materials of all types that are sent exclusively for... 39 Postal Service 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Suspension for certain data processing materials... LETTERS SUSPENSION OF THE PRIVATE EXPRESS STATUTES § 320.2 Suspension for certain data processing...

  2. 39 CFR 320.2 - Suspension for certain data processing materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... processing; and (3) “data processing materials” means materials of all types that are sent exclusively for... 39 Postal Service 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Suspension for certain data processing materials... LETTERS SUSPENSION OF THE PRIVATE EXPRESS STATUTES § 320.2 Suspension for certain data processing...

  3. 39 CFR 320.2 - Suspension for certain data processing materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... processing; and (3) “data processing materials” means materials of all types that are sent exclusively for... 39 Postal Service 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Suspension for certain data processing materials... LETTERS SUSPENSION OF THE PRIVATE EXPRESS STATUTES § 320.2 Suspension for certain data processing...

  4. Infrared Database for Process Support Materials

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bennett, K. E.; Boothe, R. E.; Burns, H. D.

    2003-01-01

    Process support materials' compatibility with cleaning processes is critical to ensure final hardware cleanliness and that performance requirements are met. Previous discovery of potential contaminants in process materials shows the need for incoming materials testing and establishment of a process materials database. The Contamination Control Team of the Materials, Processes, and Manufacturing (MP&M) Department at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has initiated the development of such an infrared (IR) database, called the MSFC Process Materials IR database, of the common process support materials used at MSFC. These process support materials include solvents, wiper cloths, gloves, bagging materials, etc. Testing includes evaluation of the potential of gloves, wiper cloths, and other items to transfer contamination to handled articles in the absence of solvent exposure, and the potential for solvent exposure to induce material degradation. This Technical Memorandum (TM) summarizes the initial testing completed through December 2002. It is anticipated that additional testing will be conducted with updates provided in future TMs.Materials were analyzed using two different IR techniques: (1) Dry transference and (2) liquid extraction testing. The first of these techniques utilized the Nicolet Magna 750 IR spectrometer outfitted with a horizontal attenuated total reflectance (HATR) crystal accessory. The region from 650 to 4,000 wave numbers was analyzed, and 50 scans were performed per IR spectrum. A dry transference test was conducted by applying each sample with hand pressure to the HATR crystal to first obtain a spectrum of the parent material. The material was then removed from the HATR crystal and analyzed to determine the presence of any residues. If volatile, liquid samples were examined both prior to and following evaporation.The second technique was to perform an extraction test with each sample in five different solvents.Once the scans were complete for both the dry transference and the extraction tests, the residue from each scan was interpreted.

  5. Near net shape processing: A necessity for advanced materials applications

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kuhn, Howard A.

    1993-01-01

    High quality discrete parts are the backbones for successful operation of equipment used in transportation, communication, construction, manufacturing, and appliances. Traditional shapemaking for discrete parts is carried out predominantly by machining, or removing unwanted material to produce the desired shape. As the cost and complexity of modern materials escalates, coupled with the expense and environmental hazards associated with handling of scrap, it is increasingly important to develop near net shape processes for these materials. Such processes involve casting of liquid materials, consolidation of powder materials, or deformation processing of simple solid shapes into the desired shape. Frequently, several of these operations may be used in sequence to produce a finished part. The processes for near net shape forming may be applied to any type of material, including metals, polymers, ceramics, and their composites. The ability to produce shapes is the key to implementation of laboratory developments in materials science into real world applications. This seminar presents an overview of near net shapemaking processes, some application examples, current developments, and future research opportunities.

  6. Submerged combustion melting processes for producing glass and similar materials, and systems for carrying out such processes

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Charbonneau, Mark William

    Processes of controlling submerged combustion melters, and systems for carrying out the methods. One process includes feeding vitrifiable material into a melter vessel, the melter vessel including a fluid-cooled refractory panel in its floor, ceiling, and/or sidewall, and heating the vitrifiable material with a burner directing combustion products into the melting zone under a level of the molten material in the zone. Burners impart turbulence to the molten material in the melting zone. The fluid-cooled refractory panel is cooled, forming a modified panel having a frozen or highly viscous material layer on a surface of the panel facing the moltenmore » material, and a sensor senses temperature of the modified panel using a protected thermocouple positioned in the modified panel shielded from direct contact with turbulent molten material. Processes include controlling the melter using the temperature of the modified panel. Other processes and systems are presented.« less

  7. Society for the advancement of material and process engineering. 41st International SAMPE symposium and exhibition, Volume 41, Books 1 and 2

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    NONE

    This document contains reports which were presented at the 41st International Society For The Advancement of Material and Process Engineering Symposium and Exhibition. Topics include: structural integrity of aging aircraft; composite materials development; affordable composites and processes; corrosion characterization of aging aircraft; adhesive advances; composite design; dual use materials and processing; repair of aircraft structures; adhesive inspection; materials systems for infrastructure; fire safety; composite impact/energy absorption; advanced materials for space; seismic retrofit; high temperature resins; preform technology; thermoplastics; alternative energy and transportation; manufacturing; and durability. Individual reports have been processed separately for the United States Department of Energy databases.

  8. Spectroscopic studies of yellow supergiants in the Cepheid instability strip

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Usenko, I. A.

    2017-04-01

    High-resolution spectra of nine yellow nonvariable supergiants (NVSs) located within the canonical Cepheid instability strip from Sandage and Tammann (1969) ( α Aqr, ɛ Leo, μ Per, ω Gem, BD+60 2532, HD 172365, HD 187299, HD 190113, and HD 200102) were taken with the 1-m Zeiss and 6-m BTA telescopes at the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the 1990s. These have been used to determine the atmospheric parameters, chemical composition, radial velocities, reddenings, luminosities, distances, and radii. The spectroscopic estimates of T eff and the luminosities determined from the Hipparcos parallaxes have shown eight of the nine program NVSs on the T eff-log( L/ L ⊙) diagram to be outside the canonical Cepheid instability strip. When the edges of the Cepheid instability strip from Bono et al. (2000) are used, out of the NVSs from the list on the diagram one is within the Cepheid instability strip but closer to the red edge, two are at the red edge, three are beyond the red edge, two are at the blue edge, and one is beyond the blue edge. The evolutionary masses of the objects have been estimated. The abundances of α-elements, r- and s-process elements for all program objects have turned out to be nearly solar. The CNO, Na, Mg, and Al abundance estimates have shown that eight of the nine NVSs from the list have already passed the first dredge-up. Judging by the abundances of the key elements and its position on the T eff-log( L/ L ⊙) diagram, the lithium-rich supergiant HD 172365 is at the post-main-sequence evolutionary stage of gravitational helium core contraction and moves toward the first crossing of the Cepheid instability strip. The star ɛ Leo should be assigned to bright supergiants, while HD 187299 and HD 190113 may have already passed the second dredge-up and move to the asymptotic branch.

  9. Chemical modelling of complex organic molecules with peptide-like bonds in star-forming regions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Quénard, David; Jiménez-Serra, Izaskun; Viti, Serena; Holdship, Jonathan; Coutens, Audrey

    2018-02-01

    Peptide bonds (N-C = O) play a key role in metabolic processes since they link amino acids into peptide chains or proteins. Recently, several molecules containing peptide-like bonds have been detected across multiple environments in the interstellar medium, growing the need to fully understand their chemistry and their role in forming larger pre-biotic molecules. We present a comprehensive study of the chemistry of three molecules containing peptide-like bonds: HNCO, NH2CHO, and CH3NCO. We also included other CHNO isomers (HCNO, HOCN) and C2H3NO isomers (CH3OCN, CH3CNO) to the study. We have used the UCLCHEM gas-grain chemical code and included in our chemical network all possible formation/destruction pathways of these peptide-like molecules recently investigated either by theoretical calculations or in laboratory experiments. Our predictions are compared to observations obtained towards the proto-star IRAS 16293-2422 and the L1544 pre-stellar core. Our results show that some key reactions involving the CHNO and C2H3NO isomers need to be modified to match the observations. Consistently with recent laboratory findings, hydrogenation is unlikely to produce NH2CHO on grain surfaces, while a combination of radical-radical surface reactions and gas-phase reactions is a better alternative. In addition, better results are obtained for NH2CHO when a slightly higher activation energy of 25 K is considered for the gas-phase reaction NH2 + H2CO → NH2CHO + H. Finally, our modelling shows that the observed correlation between NH2CHO and HNCO in star-forming regions may come from the fact that HNCO and NH2CHO react to temperature in the same manner rather than from a direct chemical link between the two species.

  10. Examination of the role of the O14(α,p)F17 reaction rate in type-I x-ray bursts

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hu, J.; He, J. J.; Parikh, A.; Xu, S. W.; Yamaguchi, H.; Kahl, D.; Ma, P.; Su, J.; Wang, H. W.; Nakao, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Teranishi, T.; Hahn, K. I.; Moon, J. Y.; Jung, H. S.; Hashimoto, T.; Chen, A. A.; Irvine, D.; Lee, C. S.; Kubono, S.

    2014-08-01

    The O14(α,p)F17 reaction is one of the key reactions involved in the breakout from the hot-CNO cycle to the rp-process in type-I x-ray bursts (XRBs). The resonant properties in the compound nucleus Ne18 have been investigated through resonant elastic scattering of F17+p. The radioactive F17 beam was separated by the Center for Nuclear Study radioactive ion beam separator (CRIB) and bombarded a thick H2 gas target at 3.6 MeV/nucleon. The recoiling light particles were measured by three ΔE-E silicon telescopes at laboratory angles of θlab≈3∘,10∘, and 18∘. Five resonances at Ex=6.15, 6.28, 6.35, 6.85, and 7.05 MeV were observed in the excitation functions, and their spin-parities have been determined based on an R-matrix analysis. In particular, Jπ=1- was firmly assigned to the 6.15-MeV state which dominates the thermonuclear O14(α ,p)F17 rate below 2 GK. As well, a possible new excited state in Ne18 was observed at Ex=6.85±0.11 MeV with tentative J =0 assignment. This state could be the analog state of the 6.880 MeV (0-) level in the mirror nucleus O18, or a bandhead state (0+) of the six-particle four-hole (6p-4h) band. A new thermonuclear O14(α ,p)F17 rate has been determined, and the astrophysical impact of multiple recent rates has been examined using an XRB model. Contrary to previous expectations, we find only a modest impact on predicted nuclear energy generation rates from using reaction rates differing by up to several orders of magnitude.

  11. A density-functional theory investigation of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one dimers and crystal

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xiao, He-Ming; Ju, Xue-Hai; Xu, Li-Na; Fang, Guo-Yong

    2004-12-01

    Density-functional method with different basis sets was applied to the study of the highly efficient and low sensitive explosive 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO) in both gaseous dimer and its bulk state. The binding energies have been corrected for the basis set superposition errors. Six stable dimers (II-VII) were located. The corrected binding energy of the most stable dimer VII is predicted to be -53.66 kJ/mol at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level. It was found that the structures of the more stable dimers (V-VII) are through the hydrogen bonding interaction between the carbonyl oxygen and the azole hydrogen of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one. The changes of Gibbs free energies (ΔG) in the processes from the monomer to the dimers at 298.15 K are 8.51, 0.90, 0.35, -8.74, -10.67, and -11.06 kJ/mol for dimers from II to VII, respectively. Dimers V-VII, possessing cyclic structures, can be spontaneously produced from the isolated monomer at room temperature. The lattice energy is -156.14 kJ/mol, and this value becomes to -150.43 kJ/mol when a 50% correction of the basis set superposition error was adopted. The frontier bands are quite flat. Judged from the value of band gap of 4.0 eV, it may be predicted that 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one is an insulator. Most atoms in NTO, with the exception of C5 atom and the nitro atoms, make up the upper valence bands. In contrast, the lower conduction bands mainly consist of the nitro N and O atoms. The population of the C-NO2 bond is much less than those of the other bonds and the detonation may be initiated by the breakdown of this bond.

  12. A density-functional theory investigation of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one dimers and crystal.

    PubMed

    Xiao, He-Ming; Ju, Xue-Hai; Xu, Li-Na; Fang, Guo-Yong

    2004-12-22

    Density-functional method with different basis sets was applied to the study of the highly efficient and low sensitive explosive 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO) in both gaseous dimer and its bulk state. The binding energies have been corrected for the basis set superposition errors. Six stable dimers (II-VII) were located. The corrected binding energy of the most stable dimer VII is predicted to be -53.66 kJ/mol at the B3LYP/6-311++G(**) level. It was found that the structures of the more stable dimers (V-VII) are through the hydrogen bonding interaction between the carbonyl oxygen and the azole hydrogen of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one. The changes of Gibbs free energies (DeltaG) in the processes from the monomer to the dimers at 298.15 K are 8.51, 0.90, 0.35, -8.74, -10.67, and -11.06 kJ/mol for dimers from II to VII, respectively. Dimers V-VII, possessing cyclic structures, can be spontaneously produced from the isolated monomer at room temperature. The lattice energy is -156.14 kJ/mol, and this value becomes to -150.43 kJ/mol when a 50% correction of the basis set superposition error was adopted. The frontier bands are quite flat. Judged from the value of band gap of 4.0 eV, it may be predicted that 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one is an insulator. Most atoms in NTO, with the exception of C(5) atom and the nitro atoms, make up the upper valence bands. In contrast, the lower conduction bands mainly consist of the nitro N and O atoms. The population of the C-NO(2) bond is much less than those of the other bonds and the detonation may be initiated by the breakdown of this bond. (c) 2004 American Institute of Physics.

  13. Friction Stir Processing of Particle Reinforced Composite Materials

    PubMed Central

    Gan, Yong X.; Solomon, Daniel; Reinbolt, Michael

    2010-01-01

    The objective of this article is to provide a review of friction stir processing (FSP) technology and its application for microstructure modification of particle reinforced composite materials. The main focus of FSP was on aluminum based alloys and composites. Recently, many researchers have investigated this technology for treating other alloys and materials including stainless steels, magnesium, titanium, and copper. It is shown that FSP technology is very effective in microstructure modification of reinforced metal matrix composite materials. FSP has also been used in the processing and structure modification of polymeric composite materials. Compared with other manufacturing processes, friction stir processing has the advantage of reducing distortion and defects in materials. The layout of this paper is as follows. The friction stir processing technology will be presented first. Then, the application of this technology in manufacturing and structure modification of particle reinforced composite materials will be introduced. Future application of friction stir processing in energy field, for example, for vanadium alloy and composites will be discussed. Finally, the challenges for improving friction stir processing technology will be mentioned.

  14. Process and apparatus for preparing textured crystalline materials using anisotropy in the paramagnetic susceptibility

    DOEpatents

    Holloway, Aleksey

    1992-01-07

    The present invention discloses a process and apparatus for forming textures in materials. The process comprises heating a material having an anisotropy in the paramagnetic or diamagnetic susceptibility within a magnetic field. The material is heated to a temperature approaching its melting point while a magnetic field of at least 10.sup.4 Oe is simultaneously applied. The process and apparatus produce highly textured bulk and elongated materials with high current densities below critical superconducting temperatures.

  15. Process and apparatus for preparing textured crystalline materials using anisotropy in the paramagnetic susceptibility

    DOEpatents

    Holloway, A.

    1992-01-07

    The present invention discloses a process and apparatus for forming textures in materials. The process comprises heating a material having an anisotropy in the paramagnetic or diamagnetic susceptibility within a magnetic field. The material is heated to a temperature approaching its melting point while a magnetic field of at least 10[sup 4]Oe is simultaneously applied. The process and apparatus produce highly textured bulk and elongated materials with high current densities below critical superconducting temperatures. 6 figs.

  16. Two-sided friction stir riveting by extrusion: A process for joining dissimilar materials

    DOE PAGES

    Evans, William T.; Cox, Chase D.; Strauss, Alvin M.; ...

    2016-06-25

    Two-sided friction stir riveting (FSR) by extrusion is an innovative process developed to rapidly, efficiently, and securely join dissimilar materials. This process extends a previously developed one sided friction stir extrusion process to create a strong and robust joint by producing a continuous, rivet-like structure through a preformed hole in one of the materials with a simultaneous, two-sided friction stir spot weld. The two-sided FSR by extrusion process securely joins the dissimilar materials together and effectively locks them in place without the use of any separate materials or fasteners. Lastly, in this paper we demonstrate the process by joining aluminummore » to steel and illustrate its potential application to automotive and aerospace manufacturing processes.« less

  17. Research on material removal accuracy analysis and correction of removal function during ion beam figuring

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wu, Weibin; Dai, Yifan; Zhou, Lin; Xu, Mingjin

    2016-09-01

    Material removal accuracy has a direct impact on the machining precision and efficiency of ion beam figuring. By analyzing the factors suppressing the improvement of material removal accuracy, we conclude that correcting the removal function deviation and reducing the removal material amount during each iterative process could help to improve material removal accuracy. Removal function correcting principle can effectively compensate removal function deviation between actual figuring and simulated processes, while experiments indicate that material removal accuracy decreases with a long machining time, so a small amount of removal material in each iterative process is suggested. However, more clamping and measuring steps will be introduced in this way, which will also generate machining errors and suppress the improvement of material removal accuracy. On this account, a free-measurement iterative process method is put forward to improve material removal accuracy and figuring efficiency by using less measuring and clamping steps. Finally, an experiment on a φ 100-mm Zerodur planar is preformed, which shows that, in similar figuring time, three free-measurement iterative processes could improve the material removal accuracy and the surface error convergence rate by 62.5% and 17.6%, respectively, compared with a single iterative process.

  18. Engineered Polymer Composites Through Electrospun Nanofiber Coating of Fiber Tows

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kohlman, Lee W.

    2013-01-01

    Toughening and other property enhancements of composite materials are typically implemented by-modifying the bulk properties of the constituents, either the fiber or matrix materials. This often leads to difficulties in processing and higher material costs. Many composites consist of tows or yarns (thousands of individual fibers) that are either filament wound or processed into a fabric by weaving or braiding. The matrix material can be added to the tow or fabric before final processing, resulting in a prepreg material, or infused into the fiber material during final processing by a variety of methods. By using a direct electrospun deposition method to apply thermoplastic nanofiber to the surface of the tows, the tow-tow interface in the resulting composite can be modified while using otherwise conventional materials and handling processes. Other materials of interest could also be incorporated into the electrospun precursor.

  19. Repair process and a repaired component

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Roberts, III, Herbert Chidsey; Simpson, Stanley F.

    Matrix composite component repair processes are disclosed. The matrix composite repair process includes applying a repair material to a matrix composite component, securing the repair material to the matrix composite component with an external securing mechanism and curing the repair material to bond the repair material to the matrix composite component during the securing by the external securing mechanism. The matrix composite component is selected from the group consisting of a ceramic matrix composite, a polymer matrix composite, and a metal matrix composite. In another embodiment, the repair process includes applying a partially-cured repair material to a matrix composite component,more » and curing the repair material to bond the repair material to the matrix composite component, an external securing mechanism securing the repair material throughout a curing period, In another embodiment, the external securing mechanism is consumed or decomposed during the repair process.« less

  20. The advances and characteristics of high-power diode laser materials processing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Lin

    2000-10-01

    This paper presents a review of the direct applications of high-power diode lasers for materials processing including soldering, surface modification (hardening, cladding, glazing and wetting modifications), welding, scribing, sheet metal bending, marking, engraving, paint stripping, powder sintering, synthesis, brazing and machining. The specific advantages and disadvantages of diode laser materials processing are compared with CO 2, Nd:YAG and excimer lasers. An effort is made to identify the fundamental differences in their beam/material interaction characteristics and materials behaviour. Also an appraisal of the future prospects of the high-power diode lasers for materials processing is given.

  1. EVALUATING MC AND A EFFECTIVENESS TO VERIFY THE PRESENCE OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    P. G. DAWSON; J. A MORZINSKI; ET AL

    Traditional materials accounting is focused exclusively on the material balance area (MBA), and involves periodically closing a material balance based on accountability measurements conducted during a physical inventory. In contrast, the physical inventory for Los Alamos National Laboratory's near-real-time accounting system is established around processes and looks more like an item inventory. That is, the intent is not to measure material for accounting purposes, since materials have already been measured in the normal course of daily operations. A given unit process operates many times over the course of a material balance period. The product of a given unit process maymore » move for processing within another unit process in the same MBA or may be transferred out of the MBA. Since few materials are unmeasured the physical inventory for a near-real-time process area looks more like an item inventory. Thus, the intent of the physical inventory is to locate the materials on the books and verify information about the materials contained in the books. Closing a materials balance for such an area is a matter of summing all the individual mass balances for the batches processed by all unit processes in the MBA. Additionally, performance parameters are established to measure the program's effectiveness. Program effectiveness for verifying the presence of nuclear material is required to be equal to or greater than a prescribed performance level, process measurements must be within established precision and accuracy values, physical inventory results meet or exceed performance requirements, and inventory differences are less than a target/goal quantity. This approach exceeds DOE established accounting and physical inventory program requirements. Hence, LANL is committed to this approach and to seeking opportunities for further improvement through integrated technologies. This paper will provide a detailed description of this evaluation process.« less

  2. Advanced bulk processing of lightweight materials for utilization in the transportation sector

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Milner, Justin L.

    The overall objective of this research is to develop the microstructure of metallic lightweight materials via multiple advanced processing techniques with potentials for industrial utilization on a large scale to meet the demands of the aerospace and automotive sectors. This work focused on (i) refining the grain structure to increase the strength, (ii) controlling the texture to increase formability and (iii) directly reducing processing/production cost of lightweight material components. Advanced processing is conducted on a bulk scale by several severe plastic deformation techniques including: accumulative roll bonding, isolated shear rolling and friction stir processing to achieve the multiple targets of this research. Development and validation of the processing techniques is achieved through wide-ranging experiments along with detailed mechanical and microstructural examination of the processed material. On a broad level, this research will make advancements in processing of bulk lightweight materials facilitating industrial-scale implementation. Where accumulative roll bonding and isolated shear rolling, currently feasible on an industrial scale, processes bulk sheet materials capable of replacing more expensive grades of alloys and enabling low-temperature and high-strain-rate formability. Furthermore, friction stir processing to manufacture lightweight tubes, made from magnesium alloys, has the potential to increase the utilization of these materials in the automotive and aerospace sectors for high strength - high formability applications. With the increased utilization of these advanced processing techniques will significantly reduce the cost associated with lightweight materials for many applications in the transportation sectors.

  3. Vessel with filter and method of use

    DOEpatents

    Morrell, Jonathan S.; Ripley, Edward B.; Cecala, David M.

    2008-01-29

    Chemical processing apparatuses which incorporate a process vessel, such as a crucible or retort, and which include a gas separation or filtration system. Various embodiments incorporate such features as loose filtration material, semi-rigid filtration material, and structured filtration material. The vessel may include material that is a microwave susceptor. Filtration media may be selected so that if it inadvertently mixes with the chemical process or the reaction products of such process, it would not adversely affect the results of the chemical process.

  4. NASA-STD-6016 Standard Materials and Processes Requirements for Spacecraft

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hirsch, David B.

    2009-01-01

    The standards for materials and processes surrounding spacecraft are discussed. Presentation focused on minimum requirements for Materials and Processes (M&P) used in design, fabrication, and testing of flight components for NASA manned, unmanned, robotic, launch vehicle, lander, in-space and surface systems, and spacecraft program/project hardware elements.Included is information on flammability, offgassing, compatibility requirements, and processes; both metallic and non-metallic materials are mentioned.

  5. Telerobotic electronic materials processing experiment

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ollendorf, Stanford

    1991-01-01

    The Office of Commercial Programs (OCP), working in conjunction with NASA engineers at the Goddard Space Flight Center, is supporting research efforts in robot technology and microelectronics materials processing that will provide many spinoffs for science and industry. The Telerobotic Materials Processing Experiment (TRMPX) is a Shuttle-launched materials processing test payload using a Get Away Special can. The objectives of the project are to define, develop, and demonstrate an automated materials processing capability under realistic flight conditions. TRMPX will provide the capability to test the production processes that are dependent on microgravity. The processes proposed for testing include the annealing of amorphous silicon to increase grain size for more efficient solar cells, thin film deposition to demonstrate the potential of fabricating solar cells in orbit, and the annealing of radiation damaged solar cells.

  6. 21 CFR 211.110 - Sampling and testing of in-process materials and drug products.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 4 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Sampling and testing of in-process materials and... PHARMACEUTICALS Production and Process Controls § 211.110 Sampling and testing of in-process materials and drug... testing. (b) Valid in-process specifications for such characteristics shall be consistent with drug...

  7. 21 CFR 211.110 - Sampling and testing of in-process materials and drug products.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 4 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Sampling and testing of in-process materials and... PHARMACEUTICALS Production and Process Controls § 211.110 Sampling and testing of in-process materials and drug... testing. (b) Valid in-process specifications for such characteristics shall be consistent with drug...

  8. 21 CFR 211.110 - Sampling and testing of in-process materials and drug products.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 4 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Sampling and testing of in-process materials and... PHARMACEUTICALS Production and Process Controls § 211.110 Sampling and testing of in-process materials and drug... testing. (b) Valid in-process specifications for such characteristics shall be consistent with drug...

  9. 21 CFR 211.110 - Sampling and testing of in-process materials and drug products.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Sampling and testing of in-process materials and... PHARMACEUTICALS Production and Process Controls § 211.110 Sampling and testing of in-process materials and drug... testing. (b) Valid in-process specifications for such characteristics shall be consistent with drug...

  10. 21 CFR 211.110 - Sampling and testing of in-process materials and drug products.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Sampling and testing of in-process materials and... PHARMACEUTICALS Production and Process Controls § 211.110 Sampling and testing of in-process materials and drug... testing. (b) Valid in-process specifications for such characteristics shall be consistent with drug...

  11. Sensing roller for in-process thickness measurement

    DOEpatents

    Novak, James L.

    1996-01-01

    An apparatus and method for processing materials by sensing roller, in which the sensing roller has a plurality of conductive rings (electrodes) separated by rings of dielectric material. Sensing capacitances or impedances between the electrodes provides information on thicknesses of the materials being processed, location of wires therein, and other like characteristics of the materials.

  12. 9 CFR 318.18 - Handling of certain material for mechanical processing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Handling of certain material for mechanical processing. 318.18 Section 318.18 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE... PREPARATION OF PRODUCTS General § 318.18 Handling of certain material for mechanical processing. Material to...

  13. 27 CFR 24.250 - Application for use of new treating material or process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... from the testing program conducted by the chemical manufacturer demonstrating the function of the material or process; (7) A list of all chemicals used in compounding the treating material and the quantity... manufacturer or supplier of the treating material or process may be forwarded by the manufacturer or supplier...

  14. 27 CFR 24.250 - Application for use of new treating material or process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... from the testing program conducted by the chemical manufacturer demonstrating the function of the material or process; (7) A list of all chemicals used in compounding the treating material and the quantity... manufacturer or supplier of the treating material or process may be forwarded by the manufacturer or supplier...

  15. 27 CFR 24.250 - Application for use of new treating material or process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... from the testing program conducted by the chemical manufacturer demonstrating the function of the material or process; (7) A list of all chemicals used in compounding the treating material and the quantity... manufacturer or supplier of the treating material or process may be forwarded by the manufacturer or supplier...

  16. 27 CFR 24.250 - Application for use of new treating material or process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... from the testing program conducted by the chemical manufacturer demonstrating the function of the material or process; (7) A list of all chemicals used in compounding the treating material and the quantity... manufacturer or supplier of the treating material or process may be forwarded by the manufacturer or supplier...

  17. An Online Process Model of Second-Order Cultivation Effects: How Television Cultivates Materialism and Its Consequences for Life Satisfaction

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Shrum, L. J.; Lee, Jaehoon; Burroughs, James E.; Rindfleisch, Aric

    2011-01-01

    Two studies investigated the interrelations among television viewing, materialism, and life satisfaction, and their underlying processes. Study 1 tested an online process model for television's cultivation of materialism by manipulating level of materialistic content. Viewing level influenced materialism, but only among participants who reported…

  18. Shaped Charge Liner Materials: Resources, Processes, Properties, Costs, and Applications

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-02-01

    SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Shaped Charge Liner Materials: Resources, Processes, Properties, Costs, and Applications 2 6. AUTHOC Steven M. Buc 7...summaries of the mineral availability, Cq prmarymetal refinement processeb, material costs in raw form and as finished shaped charge liners , relevant... liner materials. 94-11479 gI 14, SUBJECT TERMS iSt NUMBER OF PAGIS 13chrg wrhad :xplosively formed penetrators material R. PRCE COEV" processing

  19. 14 CFR 21.305 - Approval of materials, parts, processes, and appliances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., and appliances. 21.305 Section 21.305 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION..., Parts, Processes, and Appliances § 21.305 Approval of materials, parts, processes, and appliances. Whenever a material, part, process, or appliance is required to be approved under this chapter, it may be...

  20. Enabling Dissimilar Material Joining Using Friction Stir Scribe Technology

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hovanski, Yuri; Upadyay, Piyush; Kleinbaum, Sarah

    2017-04-05

    One challenge in adapting welding processes to dissimilar material joining is the diversity of melting temperatures of the different materials. Although the use of mechanical fasteners and adhesives have mostly paved the way for near-term implementation of dissimilar material systems, these processes only accentuate the need for low-cost welding processes capable of joining dissimilar material components regardless of alloy, properties, or melting temperature. Friction stir scribe technology was developed to overcome the challenges of joining dissimilar material components where melting temperatures vary greatly, and properties and/or chemistry are not compatible with more traditional welding processes. Although the friction stir scribemore » process is capable of joining dissimilar metals and metal/polymer systems, a more detailed evaluation of several aluminum/steel joints is presented herein to demonstrate the ability to both chemically and mechanically join dissimilar materials.« less

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