Design and Synthesis of Tight Pitch FLCs for Analog Voltage-Limited Electro-Optic Modulators

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-05-27

or decision, unless so designated b other documentation. 12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 𔃼b, DISTRIBUTION CODE Approved for public release...other end, a wide variety of cores can be synthesized. This is the preferred method for making about 40% of the cores shown in Figure 1. [PGO(Ar) -- B ...methanol, and finally dehydration to the nitrile 51 using phosphorus pentoxide. 0 OHO %%’QL X1) Bu2 BOTf A). 482 ) CH3CHO 49 it N •N O =Xc DEAD, TPP C8H17 O H

Neurochemical coding of enteric neurons in the guinea pig stomach.

PubMed

Schemann, M; Schaaf, C; Mäder, M

1995-03-06

The aim of this study was to investigate the neurochemical coding of myenteric neurons in the guinea pig gastric corpus by using immunohistochemical methods. Antibodies and antisera against calbindin (CALB), calretinin (CALRET), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), beta-endorphin (ENK), neuropeptide Y (NPY), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP), parvalbumin (PARV), serotonin (5-HT), somatostatin (SOM), substance P (SP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were used. Double- and triple-labeling studies revealed colocalization of certain transmitters and enabled the identification of distinct subpopulations of gastric enteric neurons. NPY/VIP/NOS/ENK were present in 28% of all neurons, whereas 11% had NPY/VIP/DBH/ChAT; NOS-only neurons made up 2% of the population. The combination SP/ChAT/ENK occurred in 21% of the population, whereas SP/ChAT/ENK/CALRET and SP/CHAT/SOM/ +/- CALRET was identified in 5% and 6% of all cells, respectively. 5-HT-containing neurons comprised 2% of all cells and could be further classified by the presence of additional antigens as 5-HT/SP/(ChAT) or 5-HT/VIP/(ChAT). Approximately 21% of all neurons contained only ChAT with no additional antigen present and are referred to as ChAT/-. Gastric myenteric ganglion cells were not immunoreactive for CALB, PARV, CGRP, or TH. The results of this study indicate that gastric myenteric neurons can be characterized on the basis of different chemical coding. Neurochemical coding of corpus myenteric neurons revealed some similarities and significant differences in comparison with other regions of the gut. These differences might reflect adaptation of enteric nerves according to regional specialization and the distinct functions of the proximal stomach as a gastric reservoir.

3D-DIVIMP-HC modeling analysis of methane injection into DIII-D using the DiMES porous plug injector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mu, Y.; McLean, A. G.; Elder, J. D.; Stangeby, P. C.; Bray, B. D.; Brooks, N. H.; Davis, J. W.; Fenstermacher, M. E.; Groth, M.; Lasnier, C. J.; Rudakov, D. L.; Watkins, J. G.; West, W. P.; Wong, C. P. C.

2009-06-01

A self-contained gas injection system for the Divertor Material Evaluation System (DiMES) on DIII-D, the porous plug injector (PPI), has been employed for in situ study of chemical erosion in the tokamak divertor environment by injection of CH 4 [A.G. McLean et al., these Proceedings]. A new interpretive code, 3D-DIVIMP-HC, has been developed and applied to the interpretation of the CH, CI, and CII emissions. Particular emphasis is placed on the interpretation of 2D filtered-camera (TV) pictures in CH, CI and CII light taken from a view essentially straight down on the PPI. The code replicates sufficient measurements to conclude that most of the basic elements of the controlling physics and chemistry have been identified and incorporated in the code-model.

Training Management in the CH-46E Community After MAWTS-1 Stands Down Its CH-46E Division

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-23

SHOULD INCLUDE THE FOREGOING STATEMENT. QUOTATION FROM, ABSTRACTION FROM, OR REPRODUCTION OF ALL OR ANY PART OF THIS DOCUMENT IS PERMITTED...HMH) currently fly either the CH-53D Sea Stallion or the CH-53E Super Stallion helicopters. Those units that fly the CH-53D Sea Stallion are in the...process of converting to the CH-53E Super Stallion or will transition the squadrons to medium lift assault support platforms.5 The HMHs currently

Chemical coding and chemosensory properties of cholinergic brush cells in the mouse gastrointestinal and biliary tract.

PubMed

Schütz, Burkhard; Jurastow, Innokentij; Bader, Sandra; Ringer, Cornelia; von Engelhardt, Jakob; Chubanov, Vladimir; Gudermann, Thomas; Diener, Martin; Kummer, Wolfgang; Krasteva-Christ, Gabriela; Weihe, Eberhard

2015-01-01

The mouse gastro-intestinal and biliary tract mucosal epithelia harbor choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive brush cells with taste cell-like traits. With the aid of two transgenic mouse lines that express green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the ChAT promoter (EGFP (ChAT) ) and by using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry we found that EGFP (ChAT) cells were clustered in the epithelium lining the gastric groove. EGFP (ChAT) cells were numerous in the gall bladder and bile duct, and found scattered as solitary cells along the small and large intestine. While all EGFP (ChAT) cells were also ChAT-positive, expression of the high-affinity choline transporter (ChT1) was never detected. Except for the proximal colon, EGFP (ChAT) cells also lacked detectable expression of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). EGFP (ChAT) cells were found to be separate from enteroendocrine cells, however they were all immunoreactive for cytokeratin 18 (CK18), transient receptor potential melastatin-like subtype 5 channel (TRPM5), and for cyclooxygenases 1 (COX1) and 2 (COX2). The ex vivo stimulation of colonic EGFP (ChAT) cells with the bitter substance denatonium resulted in a strong increase in intracellular calcium, while in other epithelial cells such an increase was significantly weaker and also timely delayed. Subsequent stimulation with cycloheximide was ineffective in both cell populations. Given their chemical coding and chemosensory properties, EGFP (ChAT) brush cells thus may have integrative functions and participate in induction of protective reflexes and inflammatory events by utilizing ACh and prostaglandins for paracrine signaling.

A Zeus++ Code Tool, a Method for Implementing Same, and Storage Medium Storing Computer Readable Instructions for Instantiating the Zeus++ Code Tool

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-12-01

applications, it should be understood that the invention is not limited thereto. Those having - 9 - Navy Case No. 79694 ordinary skill in the art and access...processing. It should also be mentioned that Tecplot is a commercial plotting software package produced by Amtec Engineering, Inc. The following...conditions) 7. Ch (base on edge conditions) -43- 10 Navy Case No. 79694 8. Ch (base on reference conditions) 9 . Momentum thickness 10. Displacement

3D-DIVIMP(HC) code modeling of DIII-D DiMES porous plug injector experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mu, Y.; Elder, J. D.; Stangeby, P. C.; McLean, A. G.

2011-08-01

A Porous Plug Injector (PPI) system for the Divertor Material Evaluation System (DiMES) on DIII-D has been employed for in situ study of chemical erosion in the tokamak divertor environment. The 3D-DIVIMP(HC) code has been applied to the interpretation of the CI, CII and other spectroscopic measurements made at the PPI location, for (a) the synthetic source due to injection of CH4 through the PPI, and (b) the natural emission from the PPI head itself, which was inserted above surrounding graphite tiles by ˜0.3 mm.The code successfully replicated the MDS (spectrometer)-measured absolute emissions of CH, CI, CII 427 nm, 514 nm, and 658 nm [1] and the DiMES TV-measured spatial shapes of the CH, CI, and CII 514 nm [1] emission "clouds" to within the combined uncertainties. It is thus concluded that the most important physics and chemistry of chemical sputtering have most likely been included in the model.

CH5M3D: an HTML5 program for creating 3D molecular structures.

PubMed

Earley, Clarke W

2013-11-18

While a number of programs and web-based applications are available for the interactive display of 3-dimensional molecular structures, few of these provide the ability to edit these structures. For this reason, we have developed a library written in JavaScript to allow for the simple creation of web-based applications that should run on any browser capable of rendering HTML5 web pages. While our primary interest in developing this application was for educational use, it may also prove useful to researchers who want a light-weight application for viewing and editing small molecular structures. Molecular compounds are drawn on the HTML5 Canvas element, with the JavaScript code making use of standard techniques to allow display of three-dimensional structures on a two-dimensional canvas. Information about the structure (bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles) can be obtained using a mouse or other pointing device. Both atoms and bonds can be added or deleted, and rotation about bonds is allowed. Routines are provided to read structures either from the web server or from the user's computer, and creation of galleries of structures can be accomplished with only a few lines of code. Documentation and examples are provided to demonstrate how users can access all of the molecular information for creation of web pages with more advanced features. A light-weight (≈ 75 kb) JavaScript library has been made available that allows for the simple creation of web pages containing interactive 3-dimensional molecular structures. Although this library is designed to create web pages, a web server is not required. Installation on a web server is straightforward and does not require any server-side modules or special permissions. The ch5m3d.js library has been released under the GNU GPL version 3 open-source license and is available from http://sourceforge.net/projects/ch5m3d/.

CH5M3D: an HTML5 program for creating 3D molecular structures

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background While a number of programs and web-based applications are available for the interactive display of 3-dimensional molecular structures, few of these provide the ability to edit these structures. For this reason, we have developed a library written in JavaScript to allow for the simple creation of web-based applications that should run on any browser capable of rendering HTML5 web pages. While our primary interest in developing this application was for educational use, it may also prove useful to researchers who want a light-weight application for viewing and editing small molecular structures. Results Molecular compounds are drawn on the HTML5 Canvas element, with the JavaScript code making use of standard techniques to allow display of three-dimensional structures on a two-dimensional canvas. Information about the structure (bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles) can be obtained using a mouse or other pointing device. Both atoms and bonds can be added or deleted, and rotation about bonds is allowed. Routines are provided to read structures either from the web server or from the user’s computer, and creation of galleries of structures can be accomplished with only a few lines of code. Documentation and examples are provided to demonstrate how users can access all of the molecular information for creation of web pages with more advanced features. Conclusions A light-weight (≈ 75 kb) JavaScript library has been made available that allows for the simple creation of web pages containing interactive 3-dimensional molecular structures. Although this library is designed to create web pages, a web server is not required. Installation on a web server is straightforward and does not require any server-side modules or special permissions. The ch5m3d.js library has been released under the GNU GPL version 3 open-source license and is available from http://sourceforge.net/projects/ch5m3d/. PMID:24246004

Full Genome Sequence of Giant Panda Rotavirus Strain CH-1

PubMed Central

Guo, Ling; Yang, Shaolin; Wang, Chengdong; Chen, Shijie; Yang, Xiaonong; Hou, Rong; Quan, Zifang; Hao, Zhongxiang

2013-01-01

We report here the complete genomic sequence of the giant panda rotavirus strain CH-1. This work is the first to document the complete genomic sequence (segments 1 to 11) of the CH-1 strain, which offers an effective platform for providing authentic research experiences to novice scientists. PMID:23469354

[Quality management and strategic consequences of assessing documentation and coding under the German Diagnostic Related Groups system].

PubMed

Schnabel, M; Mann, D; Efe, T; Schrappe, M; V Garrel, T; Gotzen, L; Schaeg, M

2004-10-01

The introduction of the German Diagnostic Related Groups (D-DRG) system requires redesigning administrative patient management strategies. Wrong coding leads to inaccurate grouping and endangers the reimbursement of treatment costs. This situation emphasizes the roles of documentation and coding as factors of economical success. The aims of this study were to assess the quantity and quality of initial documentation and coding (ICD-10 and OPS-301) and find operative strategies to improve efficiency and strategic means to ensure optimal documentation and coding quality. In a prospective study, documentation and coding quality were evaluated in a standardized way by weekly assessment. Clinical data from 1385 inpatients were processed for initial correctness and quality of documentation and coding. Principal diagnoses were found to be accurate in 82.7% of cases, inexact in 7.1%, and wrong in 10.1%. Effects on financial returns occurred in 16%. Based on these findings, an optimized, interdisciplinary, and multiprofessional workflow on medical documentation, coding, and data control was developed. Workflow incorporating regular assessment of documentation and coding quality is required by the DRG system to ensure efficient accounting of hospital services. Interdisciplinary and multiprofessional cooperation is recognized to be an important factor in establishing an efficient workflow in medical documentation and coding.

myChEMBL: a virtual machine implementation of open data and cheminformatics tools.

PubMed

Ochoa, Rodrigo; Davies, Mark; Papadatos, George; Atkinson, Francis; Overington, John P

2014-01-15

myChEMBL is a completely open platform, which combines public domain bioactivity data with open source database and cheminformatics technologies. myChEMBL consists of a Linux (Ubuntu) Virtual Machine featuring a PostgreSQL schema with the latest version of the ChEMBL database, as well as the latest RDKit cheminformatics libraries. In addition, a self-contained web interface is available, which can be modified and improved according to user specifications. The VM is available at: ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/chembl/VM/myChEMBL/current. The web interface and web services code is available at: https://github.com/rochoa85/myChEMBL.

LIF measurements and chemical kinetic analysis of methylidyne formation in high-pressure counter-flow partially premixed and non-premixed flames

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Naik, S. V.; Laurendeau, N. M.

2004-11-01

We report quantitative, spatially resolved, linear laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements of methylidyne concentration ([CH]) in laminar, methane air, counter-flow partially premixed and non-premixed flames using excitation near 431.5 nm in the A X (0,0) band. For partially premixed flames, fuel-side equivalence ratios (ϕB) of 1.45, 1.6 and 2.0 are studied at pressures of 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 atm. For non-premixed flames, the fuel-side mixture consists of 25% CH4 and 75% N2; measurements are obtained at pressures of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 and 12 atm. The quantitative CH measurements are compared with predictions from an opposed-flow flame code utilizing two GRI chemical kinetic mechanisms (versions 2.11 and 3.0). LIF measurements of [CH] are corrected for variations in the quenching rate coefficient by using major species concentrations and temperatures generated by the code along with suitable quenching cross sections for CH available from the literature. A pathway analysis provides relative contributions from important elementary reactions to the total amount of CH produced at various pressures. Key reactions controlling peak CH concentrations are also identified by using a sensitivity analysis. For the partially premixed flames, measured CH profiles are reproduced reasonably well by GRI 3.0, although some quantitative disagreement exists at all pressures. Two CH radical peaks are observed for ϕB=1.45 and ϕB=1.6 at pressures above 3 atm. Peak CH concentrations for the non-premixed flames are significantly underpredicted by GRI 3.0. The latter agrees with previously reported NO concentrations, which are also underpredicted in these same high-pressure counter-flow diffusion flames.

Identification of two allelic IgG1 C(H) coding regions (Cgamma1) of cat.

PubMed

Kanai, T H; Ueda, S; Nakamura, T

2000-01-31

Two types of cDNA encoding IgG1 heavy chain (gamma1) were isolated from a single domestic short-hair cat. Sequence analysis indicated a higher level of similarity of these Cgamma1 sequences to human Cgamma1 sequence (76.9 and 77.0%) than to mouse sequence (70.0 and 69.7%) at the nucleotide level. Predicted primary structures of both the feline Cgamma1 genes, designated as Cgamma1a and Cgamma1b, were similar to that of human Cgamma1 gene, for instance, as to the size of constant domains, the presence of six conserved cysteine residues involved in formation of the domain structure, and the location of a conserved N-linked glycosylation site. Sequence comparison between the two alleles showed that 7 out of 10 nucleotide differences were within the C(H)3 domain coding region, all leading to nonsynonymous changes in amino acid residues. Partial sequence analysis of genomic clones showed three nucleotide substitutions between the two Cgamma1 alleles in the intron between the CH2 and C(H)3 domain coding regions. In 12 domestic short-hair cats used in this study, the frequency of Cgamma1a allele (62.5%) was higher than that of the Cgamma1b allele (37.5%).

Document image retrieval through word shape coding.

PubMed

Lu, Shijian; Li, Linlin; Tan, Chew Lim

2008-11-01

This paper presents a document retrieval technique that is capable of searching document images without OCR (optical character recognition). The proposed technique retrieves document images by a new word shape coding scheme, which captures the document content through annotating each word image by a word shape code. In particular, we annotate word images by using a set of topological shape features including character ascenders/descenders, character holes, and character water reservoirs. With the annotated word shape codes, document images can be retrieved by either query keywords or a query document image. Experimental results show that the proposed document image retrieval technique is fast, efficient, and tolerant to various types of document degradation.

17 CFR 232.106 - Prohibition against electronic submissions containing executable code.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... executable code will be suspended, unless the executable code is contained only in one or more PDF documents, in which case the submission will be accepted but the PDF document(s) containing executable code will...

Planning, creating and documenting a NASTRAN finite element model of a modern helicopter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gabal, R.; Reed, D.; Ricks, R.; Kesack, W.

1985-01-01

Mathematical models based on the finite element method of structural analysis as embodied in the NASTRAN computer code are widely used by the helicopter industry to calculate static internal loads and vibration of airframe structure. The internal loads are routinely used for sizing structural members. The vibration predictions are not yet relied on during design. NASA's Langley Research Center sponsored a program to conduct an application of the finite element method with emphasis on predicting structural vibration. The Army/Boeing CH-47D helicopter was used as the modeling subject. The objective was to engender the needed trust in vibration predictions using these models and establish a body of modeling guides which would enable confident future prediction of airframe vibration as part of the regular design process.

Architecture and Chemical Coding of the Inner and Outer Submucous Plexus in the Colon of Piglets

PubMed Central

Petto, Carola; Gäbel, Gotthold; Pfannkuche, Helga

2015-01-01

In the porcine colon, the submucous plexus is divided into an inner submucous plexus (ISP) on the epithelial side and an outer submucous plexus (OSP) on the circular muscle side. Although both plexuses are probably involved in the regulation of epithelial functions, they might differ in function and neurochemical coding according to their localization. Therefore, we examined expression and co-localization of different neurotransmitters and neuronal markers in both plexuses as well as in neuronal fibres. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on wholemount preparations of ISP and OSP and on cryostat sections. Antibodies against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), substance P (SP), somatostatin (SOM), neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and the pan-neuronal markers Hu C/D and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were used. The ISP contained 1,380 ± 131 ganglia per cm2 and 122 ± 12 neurons per ganglion. In contrast, the OSP showed a wider meshwork (215 ± 33 ganglia per cm2) and smaller ganglia (57 ± 3 neurons per ganglion). In the ISP, 42% of all neurons expressed ChAT. About 66% of ChAT-positive neurons co-localized SP. A small number of ISP neurons expressed SOM. Chemical coding in the OSP was more complex. Besides the ChAT/±SP subpopulation (32% of all neurons), a nNOS-immunoreactive population (31%) was detected. Most nitrergic neurons were only immunoreactive for nNOS; 10% co-localized with VIP. A small subpopulation of OSP neurons was immunoreactive for ChAT/nNOS/±VIP. All types of neurotransmitters found in the ISP or OSP were also detected in neuronal fibres within the mucosa. We suppose that the cholinergic population in the ISP is involved in the control of epithelial functions. Regarding neurochemical coding, the OSP shares some similarities with the myenteric plexus. Because of its location and neurochemical characteristics, the OSP may be involved in controlling both the mucosa and circular muscle. PMID:26230272

DataRocket: Interactive Visualisation of Data Structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parkes, Steve; Ramsay, Craig

2010-08-01

CodeRocket is a software engineering tool that provides cognitive support to the software engineer for reasoning about a method or procedure and for documenting the resulting code [1]. DataRocket is a software engineering tool designed to support visualisation and reasoning about program data structures. DataRocket is part of the CodeRocket family of software tools developed by Rapid Quality Systems [2] a spin-out company from the Space Technology Centre at the University of Dundee. CodeRocket and DataRocket integrate seamlessly with existing architectural design and coding tools and provide extensive documentation with little or no effort on behalf of the software engineer. Comprehensive, abstract, detailed design documentation is available early on in a project so that it can be used for design reviews with project managers and non expert stakeholders. Code and documentation remain fully synchronised even when changes are implemented in the code without reference to the existing documentation. At the end of a project the press of a button suffices to produce the detailed design document. Existing legacy code can be easily imported into CodeRocket and DataRocket to reverse engineer detailed design documentation making legacy code more manageable and adding substantially to its value. This paper introduces CodeRocket. It then explains the rationale for DataRocket and describes the key features of this new tool. Finally the major benefits of DataRocket for different stakeholders are considered.

Heave and Roll Response of Free Floating Bodies of Cylindrical Shape

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-02-01

27, De 1000 1 a 1,NPARTS ?8. C CH~ ECK ( IF ITS OUJT OF WATER P9 9IF (VDCI) ’I.E. 0.0) Ci’l TO 1000 30. C CHECK SHAPE. 31. Ud TO 1o0003000300...22217 Center 1 ATTN: (Code 460) Cameron Station 1 ATTN: (Code 102-OS) Alexandria, VA 22314 6 ATTN: (Code 1021P) 1 ATTN: (Code 200) Commander Naval

TES/Aura L3 Methane (CH4) Monthly (TL3CH4M)

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-02-28

... TES Aura L1B Nadir Spatial Coverage:  5.3 x 8.5 km Spatial Resolution:  0.5 x 5 km ... Guide Documents:  Data User's Guide (PDF):  Level 3 Level 3 Algorithms, Requirements, & Products (PDF) ...

Open-source framework for documentation of scientific software written on MATLAB-compatible programming languages

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Konnik, Mikhail V.; Welsh, James

2012-09-01

Numerical simulators for adaptive optics systems have become an essential tool for the research and development of the future advanced astronomical instruments. However, growing software code of the numerical simulator makes it difficult to continue to support the code itself. The problem of adequate documentation of the astronomical software for adaptive optics simulators may complicate the development since the documentation must contain up-to-date schemes and mathematical descriptions implemented in the software code. Although most modern programming environments like MATLAB or Octave have in-built documentation abilities, they are often insufficient for the description of a typical adaptive optics simulator code. This paper describes a general cross-platform framework for the documentation of scientific software using open-source tools such as LATEX, mercurial, Doxygen, and Perl. Using the Perl script that translates M-files MATLAB comments into C-like, one can use Doxygen to generate and update the documentation for the scientific source code. The documentation generated by this framework contains the current code description with mathematical formulas, images, and bibliographical references. A detailed description of the framework components is presented as well as the guidelines for the framework deployment. Examples of the code documentation for the scripts and functions of a MATLAB-based adaptive optics simulator are provided.

Technical Support Document for Version 3.6.1 of the COMcheck Software

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bartlett, Rosemarie; Connell, Linda M.; Gowri, Krishnan

2009-09-29

This technical support document (TSD) is designed to explain the technical basis for the COMcheck software as originally developed based on the ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-1989 (Standard 90.1-1989). Documentation for other national model codes and standards and specific state energy codes supported in COMcheck has been added to this report as appendices. These appendices are intended to provide technical documentation for features specific to the supported codes and for any changes made for state-specific codes that differ from the standard features that support compliance with the national model codes and standards.

Noise measurement flight test Boeing Vertol 234/CH47-D helicopter : data and analyses

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-09-30

This report is the seventh in a series of seven documenting the FAA helicopter noise measurement program conducted at Dulles International Airport during the summer of 1983. The BV234/CH-47D test program involved the acquisition of detailed acoustica...

Uncovering the CH-53E Doppler Myth

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

The Corps’ Changing Super Stallion 8 Helicopter Night Vision System 9 Heads-Up Display (BUD) 9 The Infamous Doppler 12 )FUTURE SOLUTIONS 14 Universal...ABSTRACTION FROM, OR REPRODUCTION OF ALL OR ANY PART OF THIS DOCUMENT IS PERMITTED PROVIDED PROPER ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IT MADE. List ofIllustrations Page...remains intimately familiar to those flying the Marine Corps’ CH-53E "Super Stallion " today. Fortunately, the CH.-53Es flown throughout the world today

Code Verification Capabilities and Assessments in Support of ASC V&V Level 2 Milestone #6035

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Doebling, Scott William; Budzien, Joanne Louise; Ferguson, Jim Michael

This document provides a summary of the code verification activities supporting the FY17 Level 2 V&V milestone entitled “Deliver a Capability for V&V Assessments of Code Implementations of Physics Models and Numerical Algorithms in Support of Future Predictive Capability Framework Pegposts.” The physics validation activities supporting this milestone are documented separately. The objectives of this portion of the milestone are: 1) Develop software tools to support code verification analysis; 2) Document standard definitions of code verification test problems; and 3) Perform code verification assessments (focusing on error behavior of algorithms). This report and a set of additional standalone documents servemore » as the compilation of results demonstrating accomplishment of these objectives.« less

A ChIP-Seq Data Analysis Pipeline Based on Bioconductor Packages.

PubMed

Park, Seung-Jin; Kim, Jong-Hwan; Yoon, Byung-Ha; Kim, Seon-Young

2017-03-01

Nowadays, huge volumes of chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-Seq) data are generated to increase the knowledge on DNA-protein interactions in the cell, and accordingly, many tools have been developed for ChIP-Seq analysis. Here, we provide an example of a streamlined workflow for ChIP-Seq data analysis composed of only four packages in Bioconductor: dada2, QuasR, mosaics, and ChIPseeker. 'dada2' performs trimming of the high-throughput sequencing data. 'QuasR' and 'mosaics' perform quality control and mapping of the input reads to the reference genome and peak calling, respectively. Finally, 'ChIPseeker' performs annotation and visualization of the called peaks. This workflow runs well independently of operating systems (e.g., Windows, Mac, or Linux) and processes the input fastq files into various results in one run. R code is available at github: https://github.com/ddhb/Workflow_of_Chipseq.git.

A ChIP-Seq Data Analysis Pipeline Based on Bioconductor Packages

PubMed Central

Park, Seung-Jin; Kim, Jong-Hwan; Yoon, Byung-Ha; Kim, Seon-Young

2017-01-01

Nowadays, huge volumes of chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-Seq) data are generated to increase the knowledge on DNA-protein interactions in the cell, and accordingly, many tools have been developed for ChIP-Seq analysis. Here, we provide an example of a streamlined workflow for ChIP-Seq data analysis composed of only four packages in Bioconductor: dada2, QuasR, mosaics, and ChIPseeker. ‘dada2’ performs trimming of the high-throughput sequencing data. ‘QuasR’ and ‘mosaics’ perform quality control and mapping of the input reads to the reference genome and peak calling, respectively. Finally, ‘ChIPseeker’ performs annotation and visualization of the called peaks. This workflow runs well independently of operating systems (e.g., Windows, Mac, or Linux) and processes the input fastq files into various results in one run. R code is available at github: https://github.com/ddhb/Workflow_of_Chipseq.git. PMID:28416945

43 CFR 11.64 - Injury determination phase-testing and sampling methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

.... In developing these objectives, the availability of information from response actions relating to the...), test cases proving the code works, and any alteration of previously documented code made to adapt the... computer code (if any), test cases proving the code works, and any alteration of previously documented code...

43 CFR 11.64 - Injury determination phase-testing and sampling methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

.... In developing these objectives, the availability of information from response actions relating to the...), test cases proving the code works, and any alteration of previously documented code made to adapt the... computer code (if any), test cases proving the code works, and any alteration of previously documented code...

43 CFR 11.64 - Injury determination phase-testing and sampling methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

.... In developing these objectives, the availability of information from response actions relating to the...), test cases proving the code works, and any alteration of previously documented code made to adapt the... computer code (if any), test cases proving the code works, and any alteration of previously documented code...

GenomicTools: a computational platform for developing high-throughput analytics in genomics.

PubMed

Tsirigos, Aristotelis; Haiminen, Niina; Bilal, Erhan; Utro, Filippo

2012-01-15

Recent advances in sequencing technology have resulted in the dramatic increase of sequencing data, which, in turn, requires efficient management of computational resources, such as computing time, memory requirements as well as prototyping of computational pipelines. We present GenomicTools, a flexible computational platform, comprising both a command-line set of tools and a C++ API, for the analysis and manipulation of high-throughput sequencing data such as DNA-seq, RNA-seq, ChIP-seq and MethylC-seq. GenomicTools implements a variety of mathematical operations between sets of genomic regions thereby enabling the prototyping of computational pipelines that can address a wide spectrum of tasks ranging from pre-processing and quality control to meta-analyses. Additionally, the GenomicTools platform is designed to analyze large datasets of any size by minimizing memory requirements. In practical applications, where comparable, GenomicTools outperforms existing tools in terms of both time and memory usage. The GenomicTools platform (version 2.0.0) was implemented in C++. The source code, documentation, user manual, example datasets and scripts are available online at http://code.google.com/p/ibm-cbc-genomic-tools.

ChIPWig: a random access-enabling lossless and lossy compression method for ChIP-seq data.

PubMed

Ravanmehr, Vida; Kim, Minji; Wang, Zhiying; Milenkovic, Olgica

2018-03-15

Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) experiments are inexpensive and time-efficient, and result in massive datasets that introduce significant storage and maintenance challenges. To address the resulting Big Data problems, we propose a lossless and lossy compression framework specifically designed for ChIP-seq Wig data, termed ChIPWig. ChIPWig enables random access, summary statistics lookups and it is based on the asymptotic theory of optimal point density design for nonuniform quantizers. We tested the ChIPWig compressor on 10 ChIP-seq datasets generated by the ENCODE consortium. On average, lossless ChIPWig reduced the file sizes to merely 6% of the original, and offered 6-fold compression rate improvement compared to bigWig. The lossy feature further reduced file sizes 2-fold compared to the lossless mode, with little or no effects on peak calling and motif discovery using specialized NarrowPeaks methods. The compression and decompression speed rates are of the order of 0.2 sec/MB using general purpose computers. The source code and binaries are freely available for download at https://github.com/vidarmehr/ChIPWig-v2, implemented in C ++. milenkov@illinois.edu. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Software for Better Documentation of Other Software

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pinedo, John

2003-01-01

The Literate Programming Extraction Engine is a Practical Extraction and Reporting Language- (PERL-)based computer program that facilitates and simplifies the implementation of a concept of self-documented literate programming in a fashion tailored to the typical needs of scientists. The advantage for the programmer is that documentation and source code are written side-by-side in the same file, reducing the likelihood that the documentation will be inconsistent with the code and improving the verification that the code performs its intended functions. The advantage for the user is the knowledge that the documentation matches the software because they come from the same file. This program unifies the documentation process for a variety of programming languages, including C, C++, and several versions of FORTRAN. This program can process the documentation in any markup language, and incorporates the LaTeX typesetting software. The program includes sample Makefile scripts for automating both the code-compilation (when appropriate) and documentation-generation processes into a single command-line statement. Also included are macro instructions for the Emacs display-editor software, making it easy for a programmer to toggle between editing in a code or a documentation mode.

The CH-53K: Are We Purchasing the Right Amount?

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

QUOTATION FROM, ABSTRACTION FROM, OR REPRODUCTION OF ALL OR ANY PART OF THIS DOCUMENT IS PERMITTED PROVIDED PROPER ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IS MADE. 2 Table of...In August 1962, the Marine Corps was in search for a new heavy lift helicopter and placed its initial order for the CH-53A Sea Stallion (Figure A). At...November 2003, the last Super Stallion helicopter arrived at HMH-461, nearly 23 years after the fIrst CH-53E made it to the fleet.4 The aging fleet of

Chicken IL-17F: Identification and comparative expression analysis in Eimeria-Infected chickens

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Interleukin-17F (IL-17F), belonging to the IL-17 family, is a proinflammatory cytokine and plays an important role in gut homeostasis. A full-length chicken IL-17F (chIL-17F) cDNA with a 510-bp coding region was first identified from ConA-activated splenic lymphocytes of chickens. The chIL-17F share...

Journey of the ALK-inhibitor CH5424802 to phase II clinical trial.

PubMed

Latif, Muhammad; Saeed, Aamer; Kim, Seong Hwan

2013-09-01

The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor tyrosine kinase represents a potential therapeutic target. Specially, a variety of alterations in the ALK gene including mutations, overexpression, amplification, translocations and structural rearrangements, are involved in human cancer tumorigenesis. The second-generation ALK inhibitor CH5424802 (development code: AF802; Chugai Pharmaceutical, a subsidiary of Roche) achieves tumor regression with excellent tolerance and shows promising efficacy in patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. CH5424802 shows good kinase selectivity, has a promising pharmacokinetics profile, and has strong antiproliferative activity in several ALK-driven tumor models. CH5424802 has also shown anti-tumor activity in mouse xenograft studies. Here, we summarize recent advances and the evidence that CH5424802 acts as an ALK inhibitor. We also discuss its potential for further development as an anticancer drug in clinical trials.

Chicken IL-17F: identification and comparative expression analysis in Eimeria-infected chickens.

PubMed

Kim, Woo H; Jeong, Jipseol; Park, Ae R; Yim, Dongjean; Kim, Yong-Hwan; Kim, Kwang D; Chang, Hong H; Lillehoj, Hyun S; Lee, Byung-Hyung; Min, Wongi

2012-11-01

Interleukin-17F (IL-17F) is a proinflammatory cytokine, which plays an important role in gut homeostasis. A full-length chicken IL-17F (chIL-17F) cDNA with a 510-bp coding region was identified from ConA-activated chicken splenic lymphocytes. ChIL-17F shares 53% amino acid sequence identity with the previously described chicken IL-17 (chIL-17A) and 38-43% with mammalian homologues. The locus harboring chIL-17 and chIL-17F displayed inverted order compared to those of mammals. ChIL-17F transcript expression was high in lymphoblast cell line CU205 and at moderate levels in small and large intestines and liver. ChIL-17F and chIL-17 expression profiles were examined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR in mitogen-stimulated splenic lymphocytes and intestinal areas affected by Eimeria maxima and Eimeria tenella infections. Expression levels of chIL-17F, like chIL-17, were elevated in mitogen-activated splenic lymphocytes. ChIL-17F, but not chIL-17, expression was upregulated in intestinal tissues affected by E. maxima and E. tenella infections. Recombinant chIL-17F biological activities were similar to that of chIL-17 in primary chicken embryonic fibroblasts. These results suggest that chIL-17F is a unique member of the IL-17 family of cytokines. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Code-Switching in Judaeo-Arabic Documents from the Cairo Geniza

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wagner, Esther-Miriam; Connolly, Magdalen

2018-01-01

This paper investigates code-switching and script-switching in medieval documents from the Cairo Geniza, written in Judaeo-Arabic (Arabic in Hebrew script), Hebrew, Arabic and Aramaic. Legal documents regularly show a macaronic style of Judaeo-Arabic, Aramaic and Hebrew, while in letters code-switching from Judaeo-Arabic to Hebrew is tied in with…

Raptor: An Enterprise Knowledge Discovery Engine Version 2.0

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

2011-08-31

The Raptor Version 2.0 computer code uses a set of documents as seed documents to recommend documents of interest from a large, target set of documents. The computer code provides results that show the recommended documents with the highest similarity to the seed documents. Version 2.0 was specifically developed to work with SharePoint 2007 and MS SQL server.

Dissociation of methane on the surface of charged defective carbon nanotubes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Z. H.; Yan, X. H.; Xiao, Y.

2010-03-01

Based on the framework of density functional theory (CASTEP and DMOL 3 codes), we simulate the dissociation of methane (CH 4) molecule on the surface of charged defective carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The results display that a charged CNT with carbon (C) and molybdenum (Mo) dopants can effectively dissociate CH 4 molecule, and the adsorption strength of H and CH 3 can be controlled by the injected negative charges. Moreover, the barrier between the transition state (TS) and the reactant is 0.1014 eV, and a single imaginary frequency of -0.3 cm is found for the transition state structure.

Technical Support Document for Version 3.9.0 of the COMcheck Software

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bartlett, Rosemarie; Connell, Linda M.; Gowri, Krishnan

2011-09-01

COMcheck provides an optional way to demonstrate compliance with commercial and high-rise residential building energy codes. Commercial buildings include all use groups except single family and multifamily not over three stories in height. COMcheck was originally based on ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-1989 (Standard 90.1-1989) requirements and is intended for use with various codes based on Standard 90.1, including the Codification of ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-1989 (90.1-1989 Code) (ASHRAE 1989a, 1993b) and ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999 (Standard 90.1-1999). This includes jurisdictions that have adopted the 90.1-1989 Code, Standard 90.1-1989, Standard 90.1-1999, or their own code based on one of these. We view Standard 90.1-1989more » and the 90.1-1989 Code as having equivalent technical content and have used both as source documents in developing COMcheck. This technical support document (TSD) is designed to explain the technical basis for the COMcheck software as originally developed based on the ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-1989 (Standard 90.1-1989). Documentation for other national model codes and standards and specific state energy codes supported in COMcheck has been added to this report as appendices. These appendices are intended to provide technical documentation for features specific to the supported codes and for any changes made for state-specific codes that differ from the standard features that support compliance with the national model codes and standards. Beginning with COMcheck version 3.8.0, support for 90.1-1989, 90.1-1999, and the 1998 IECC are no longer included, but those sections remain in this document for reference purposes.« less

Technical Support Document for Version 3.9.1 of the COMcheck Software

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bartlett, Rosemarie; Connell, Linda M.; Gowri, Krishnan

2012-09-01

COMcheck provides an optional way to demonstrate compliance with commercial and high-rise residential building energy codes. Commercial buildings include all use groups except single family and multifamily not over three stories in height. COMcheck was originally based on ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-1989 (Standard 90.1-1989) requirements and is intended for use with various codes based on Standard 90.1, including the Codification of ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-1989 (90.1-1989 Code) (ASHRAE 1989a, 1993b) and ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999 (Standard 90.1-1999). This includes jurisdictions that have adopted the 90.1-1989 Code, Standard 90.1-1989, Standard 90.1-1999, or their own code based on one of these. We view Standard 90.1-1989more » and the 90.1-1989 Code as having equivalent technical content and have used both as source documents in developing COMcheck. This technical support document (TSD) is designed to explain the technical basis for the COMcheck software as originally developed based on the ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-1989 (Standard 90.1-1989). Documentation for other national model codes and standards and specific state energy codes supported in COMcheck has been added to this report as appendices. These appendices are intended to provide technical documentation for features specific to the supported codes and for any changes made for state-specific codes that differ from the standard features that support compliance with the national model codes and standards. Beginning with COMcheck version 3.8.0, support for 90.1-1989, 90.1-1999, and the 1998 IECC and version 3.9.0 support for 2000 and 2001 IECC are no longer included, but those sections remain in this document for reference purposes.« less

Complete genomic sequence of an infectious pancreatic necrosis virus isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in China.

PubMed

Ji, Feng; Zhao, Jing-Zhuang; Liu, Miao; Lu, Tong-Yan; Liu, Hong-Bai; Yin, Jiasheng; Xu, Li-Ming

2017-04-01

Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a significant disease of farmed salmonids resulting in direct economic losses due to high mortality in China. However, no gene sequence of any Chinese infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) isolates was available. In the study, moribund rainbow trout fry samples were collected during an outbreak of IPN in Yunnan province of southwest China in 2013. An IPNV was isolated and tentatively named ChRtm213. We determined the full genome sequence of the IPNV ChRtm213 and compared it with previously identified IPNV sequences worldwide. The sequences of different structural and non-structural protein genes were compared to those of other aquatic birnaviruses sequenced to date. The results indicated that the complete genome sequence of ChRtm213 strain contains a segment A (3099 nucleotides) coding a polyprotein VP2-VP4-VP3, and a segment B (2789 nucleotides) coding a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase VP1. The phylogenetic analyses showed that ChRtm213 strain fell within genogroup 1, serotype A9 (Jasper), having similarities of 96.3% (segment A) and 97.3% (segment B) with the IPNV strain AM98 from Japan. The results suggest that the Chinese IPNV isolate has relative closer relationship with Japanese IPNV strains. The sequence of ChRtm213 was the first gene sequence of IPNV isolates in China. This study provided a robust reference for diagnosis and/or control of IPNV prevalent in China.

PPDMs-a resource for mapping small molecule bioactivities from ChEMBL to Pfam-A protein domains.

PubMed

Kruger, Felix A; Gaulton, Anna; Nowotka, Michal; Overington, John P

2015-03-01

PPDMs is a resource that maps small molecule bioactivities to protein domains from the Pfam-A collection of protein families. Small molecule bioactivities mapped to protein domains add important precision to approaches that use protein sequence searches alignments to assist applications in computational drug discovery and systems and chemical biology. We have previously proposed a mapping heuristic for a subset of bioactivities stored in ChEMBL with the Pfam-A domain most likely to mediate small molecule binding. We have since refined this mapping using a manual procedure. Here, we present a resource that provides up-to-date mappings and the possibility to review assigned mappings as well as to participate in their assignment and curation. We also describe how mappings provided through the PPDMs resource are made accessible through the main schema of the ChEMBL database. The PPDMs resource and curation interface is available at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/research/ppdms/pfam_maps. The source-code for PPDMs is available under the Apache license at https://github.com/chembl/pfam_maps. Source code is available at https://github.com/chembl/pfam_map_loader to demonstrate the integration process with the main schema of ChEMBL. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press.

OCEAN: Optimized Cross rEActivity estimatioN.

PubMed

Czodrowski, Paul; Bolick, Wolf-Guido

2016-10-24

The prediction of molecular targets is highly beneficial during the drug discovery process, be it for off-target elucidation or deconvolution of phenotypic screens. Here, we present OCEAN, a target prediction tool exclusively utilizing publically available ChEMBL data. OCEAN uses a heuristics approach based on a validation set containing almost 1000 drug ← → target relationships. New ChEMBL data (ChEMBL20 as well as ChEMBL21) released after the validation was used for a prospective OCEAN performance check. The success rates of OCEAN to predict correctly the targets within the TOP10 ranks are 77% for recently marketed drugs and 62% for all new ChEMBL20 compounds and 51% for all new ChEMBL21 compounds. OCEAN is also capable of identifying polypharmacological compounds; the success rate for molecules simultaneously hitting at least two targets is 64% to be correctly predicted within the TOP10 ranks. The source code of OCEAN can be found at http://www.github.com/rdkit/OCEAN.

Doclet To Synthesize UML

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barry, Matthew R.; Osborne, Richard N.

2005-01-01

The RoseDoclet computer program extends the capability of Java doclet software to automatically synthesize Unified Modeling Language (UML) content from Java language source code. [Doclets are Java-language programs that use the doclet application programming interface (API) to specify the content and format of the output of Javadoc. Javadoc is a program, originally designed to generate API documentation from Java source code, now also useful as an extensible engine for processing Java source code.] RoseDoclet takes advantage of Javadoc comments and tags already in the source code to produce a UML model of that code. RoseDoclet applies the doclet API to create a doclet passed to Javadoc. The Javadoc engine applies the doclet to the source code, emitting the output format specified by the doclet. RoseDoclet emits a Rose model file and populates it with fully documented packages, classes, methods, variables, and class diagrams identified in the source code. The way in which UML models are generated can be controlled by use of new Javadoc comment tags that RoseDoclet provides. The advantage of using RoseDoclet is that Javadoc documentation becomes leveraged for two purposes: documenting the as-built API and keeping the design documentation up to date.

Impact of documentation errors on accuracy of cause of death coding in an educational hospital in Southern Iran.

PubMed

Haghighi, Mohammad Hosein Hayavi; Dehghani, Mohammad; Teshnizi, Saeid Hoseini; Mahmoodi, Hamid

2014-01-01

Accurate cause of death coding leads to organised and usable death information but there are some factors that influence documentation on death certificates and therefore affect the coding. We reviewed the role of documentation errors on the accuracy of death coding at Shahid Mohammadi Hospital (SMH), Bandar Abbas, Iran. We studied the death certificates of all deceased patients in SMH from October 2010 to March 2011. Researchers determined and coded the underlying cause of death on the death certificates according to the guidelines issued by the World Health Organization in Volume 2 of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems-10th revision (ICD-10). Necessary ICD coding rules (such as the General Principle, Rules 1-3, the modification rules and other instructions about death coding) were applied to select the underlying cause of death on each certificate. Demographic details and documentation errors were then extracted. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics and chi square tests. The accuracy rate of causes of death coding was 51.7%, demonstrating a statistically significant relationship (p=.001) with major errors but not such a relationship with minor errors. Factors that result in poor quality of Cause of Death coding in SMH are lack of coder training, documentation errors and the undesirable structure of death certificates.

System Design Description for the TMAD Code

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Finfrock, S.H.

This document serves as the System Design Description (SDD) for the TMAD Code System, which includes the TMAD code and the LIBMAKR code. The SDD provides a detailed description of the theory behind the code, and the implementation of that theory. It is essential for anyone who is attempting to review or modify the code or who otherwise needs to understand the internal workings of the code. In addition, this document includes, in Appendix A, the System Requirements Specification for the TMAD System.

Formal Verification of Digital Logic

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-12-01

INVERT circuit was based upon VHDL code provided in the Zycad Reference Manual [32:Ch 10,73]. The other circuits were based upon VHtDL code written...HALFADD.PL /* This file implements a simple half-adder that * /* is built from inverters and 2 input nand gates. * /* It is based upon a Zycad VHDL file...It is based upon a Zycad VHDL file written by * /* Capt Dave Banton, which is attached below the * /* Prolog code . *load..in(primitive). %h get nor2

Coding and Billing in Surgical Education: A Systems-Based Practice Education Program.

PubMed

Ghaderi, Kimeya F; Schmidt, Scott T; Drolet, Brian C

Despite increased emphasis on systems-based practice through the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education core competencies, few studies have examined what surgical residents know about coding and billing. We sought to create and measure the effectiveness of a multifaceted approach to improving resident knowledge and performance of documenting and coding outpatient encounters. We identified knowledge gaps and barriers to documentation and coding in the outpatient setting. We implemented a series of educational and workflow interventions with a group of 12 residents in a surgical clinic at a tertiary care center. To measure the effect of this program, we compared billing codes for 1 year before intervention (FY2012) to prospectively collected data from the postintervention period (FY2013). All related documentation and coding were verified by study-blinded auditors. Interventions took place at the outpatient surgical clinic at Rhode Island Hospital, a tertiary-care center. A cohort of 12 plastic surgery residents ranging from postgraduate year 2 through postgraduate year 6 participated in the interventional sequence. A total of 1285 patient encounters in the preintervention group were compared with 1170 encounters in the postintervention group. Using evaluation and management codes (E&M) as a measure of documentation and coding, we demonstrated a significant and durable increase in billing with supporting clinical documentation after the intervention. For established patient visits, the monthly average E&M code level increased from 2.14 to 3.05 (p < 0.01); for new patients the monthly average E&M level increased from 2.61 to 3.19 (p < 0.01). This study describes a series of educational and workflow interventions, which improved resident coding and billing of outpatient clinic encounters. Using externally audited coding data, we demonstrate significantly increased rates of higher complexity E&M coding in a stable patient population based on improved documentation and billing awareness by the residents. Copyright © 2017 Association of Program Directors in Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Spectroscopic diagnostics of tungsten-doped CH plasmas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klapisch, M.; Colombant, D.; Lehecka, T.

1998-11-01

Spectra of CH with different concentrations of W dopant and laser intensities ( 2.5-10 x10^12 W/cm^2 ) were obtained at NRL with the Nike Laser. They were recorded in the 100-500 eV range with an XUV grating spectrometer. The hydrodynamic simulations are performed with the 1D code FAST1D(J. H. Gardner et al., Phys. Plasmas, 5, May (1998).) where non LTE effects are introduced by Busquet's model( M. Busquet, Phys. Fluids B, 5, 4191 (1993); M. Klapisch, A. Bar-Shalom, J. Oreg and D. Colombant, Phys. Plasmas, 5, May (1998).). They are then post-processed with TRANSPEC( O. Peyrusse, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 51, 281 (1994)), a time dependent collisional radiative code with radiation coupling. The necessary atomic data are obtained from the HULLAC code( M. Klapisch and A. Bar-Shalom, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 58, 687 (1997).). The post processing and diagnostics were performed on carbon lines and the results are compared with the experimental data.

Technical Support Document for Version 3.4.0 of the COMcheck Software

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bartlett, Rosemarie; Connell, Linda M.; Gowri, Krishnan

2007-09-14

COMcheck provides an optional way to demonstrate compliance with commercial and high-rise residential building energy codes. Commercial buildings include all use groups except single family and multifamily not over three stories in height. COMcheck was originally based on ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-1989 (Standard 90.1-1989) requirements and is intended for use with various codes based on Standard 90.1, including the Codification of ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-1989 (90.1-1989 Code) (ASHRAE 1989a, 1993b) and ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999 (Standard 90.1-1999). This includes jurisdictions that have adopted the 90.1-1989 Code, Standard 90.1-1989, Standard 90.1-1999, or their own code based on one of these. We view Standard 90.1-1989more » and the 90.1-1989 Code as having equivalent technical content and have used both as source documents in developing COMcheck. This technical support document (TSD) is designed to explain the technical basis for the COMcheck software as originally developed based on the ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-1989 (Standard 90.1-1989). Documentation for other national model codes and standards and specific state energy codes supported in COMcheck has been added to this report as appendices. These appendices are intended to provide technical documentation for features specific to the supported codes and for any changes made for state-specific codes that differ from the standard features that support compliance with the national model codes and standards.« less

Traditional knowledge hiding in plain sight - twenty-first century ethnobotany of the Chácobo in Beni, Bolivia.

PubMed

Paniagua Zambrana, Narel Y; Bussmann, Rainer W; Hart, Robbie E; Moya Huanca, Araceli L; Ortiz Soria, Gere; Ortiz Vaca, Milton; Ortiz Álvarez, David; Soria Morán, Jorge; Soria Morán, María; Chávez, Saúl; Chávez Moreno, Bertha; Chávez Moreno, Gualberto; Roca, Oscar; Siripi, Erlin

2017-10-10

The Chácobo are a Panoan speaking tribe of about 1000 members (300+ adults) in Beni, Bolivia. Originally nomadic, the Chácabo were relocated to their current main location in the 1960s. Researchers have visited the Chácabo since 1911. A first more detailed anthropological report exists from the late 1960s, and ecological-ethnobotanical studies were conducted in the 1980s and 1990s. The presented work represents a complete ethnobotanical inventory of the entire adult Chácobo population, with interviews and plant collection conducted directly by Chácobo counterparts. Based on previous reports and our preliminary studies, we hypothesized that twenty-first century Chácobo plant use centered on income generation, and that traditional plant use related to household utensils, medicine and traditional crop varieties had almost disappeared. To test this hypothesis, we started the "Chácobo Ethnobotany Project," training 10 indigenous Chácobo participants in ethnobotanical interview and plant collection techniques, in order to more fully document Chácobo knowledge and avoid the influence of foreign interviewers. Our study found 331 useful plant species in 241genera of 95 plant families, with leaves, roots and bark being the most commonly used plant parts The comprehensive documentation that these methods enabled completely nullified our initial hypothesis of knowledge loss. Traditional crop varieties are still widely grown and traditional knowledge is alive. Moreover, it is being actively recuperated in certain domains by the younger generation. Most Chácobo know, and can name, traditional utensils and tools, although only the older generation has still the skills to manufacture them. While many Chácobo still know the names and uses of medicinal species, the younger generation is however often unsure how to identify them. In this paper we illustrate the complexity of perspectives on knowledge at different ages, and the persistence of knowledge over almost a century. We found that traditional knowledge was only partially affected by the processes of exposure to a market economy, and that different knowledge domains experienced different trends as a result of these changes. Overall knowledge was widely distributed, and we did not observe a directional knowledge loss. We stress the importance to not directly conclude processes of knowledge loss, cultural erosion or acculturation when comparing the knowledge of different age groups.

Using Inspections to Improve the Quality of Product Documentation and Code.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zuchero, John

1995-01-01

Describes how, by adapting software inspections to assess documentation and code, technical writers can collaborate with development personnel, editors, and customers to dramatically improve both the quality of documentation and the very process of inspecting that documentation. Notes that the five steps involved in the inspection process are:…

75 FR 10299 - Revision to Navigation and Inspection Circular 11-93, Change 3 (NVIC 11-93 CH-3), Applicability...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-05

... Inspection Circular 11-93, Change 3 (NVIC 11-93 CH-3), Applicability of Tonnage Measurement Systems to U.S. Flag Vessels AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Notice of policy revision and request for comments... Systems to U.S. Flag Vessels to update the document and improve its usefulness. We are seeking public...

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Protocol for Low-abundance Embryonic Samples.

PubMed

Rehimi, Rizwan; Bartusel, Michaela; Solinas, Francesca; Altmüller, Janine; Rada-Iglesias, Alvaro

2017-08-29

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a widely-used technique for mapping the localization of post-translationally modified histones, histone variants, transcription factors, or chromatin-modifying enzymes at a given locus or on a genome-wide scale. The combination of ChIP assays with next-generation sequencing (i.e., ChIP-Seq) is a powerful approach to globally uncover gene regulatory networks and to improve the functional annotation of genomes, especially of non-coding regulatory sequences. ChIP protocols normally require large amounts of cellular material, thus precluding the applicability of this method to investigating rare cell types or small tissue biopsies. In order to make the ChIP assay compatible with the amount of biological material that can typically be obtained in vivo during early vertebrate embryogenesis, we describe here a simplified ChIP protocol in which the number of steps required to complete the assay were reduced to minimize sample loss. This ChIP protocol has been successfully used to investigate different histone modifications in various embryonic chicken and adult mouse tissues using low to medium cell numbers (5 x 10 4 - 5 x 10 5 cells). Importantly, this protocol is compatible with ChIP-seq technology using standard library preparation methods, thus providing global epigenomic maps in highly relevant embryonic tissues.

Crystal and molecular structure of the first dibino non-geminal macrocyclic dicyclophosphazene, & {;N 3P 3Cl 4[HN(CH 2) 3O(CH 2) 2O(CH 2) 3NH]&}; 2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Enjalbert, Renée; Galy, Jean; Sournies, François; Labarre, Jean-François

1990-04-01

Reaction of N 3P 3Cl 6 with the 4,7-dioxadecane-1,10-diamine (coded as 3O2O3) using an Et 2O/Na 2CO 3 water interface process leads to the DIBINO non-geminal 30-membered macrocyclic dicyclophosphazene &{;N 3P 3Cl 4[HN(CH 2) 3O(CH 2) 2O(CH 2) 3NH]&}; 2. This 30-crown-ether-like architecture crystallizes in the triclinic system, P1, a=9.019(6), b=9.224(5), c=11.542(8) Å, α=94.87(4), β=95.97(4), γ=99.68(3)°, V=936(1) Å 3, Dx=1.599 Mg m -3, R=0.049 for 2862 unique reflections and 199 variable parameters. The structure exhibits a spatial arrangement of two N 3P 3Cl 4 with two [HN(CH 2) 3O(CH 2) 3O(CH 2) 3NH] as bridges on different P atoms of N 3P 3 rings. Moreover, the two N 3P 3 rings are trans to the average plane of the 30-membered macrocycle ("chair" conformation).

Documentation of the GLAS fourth order general circulation model. Volume 2: Scalar code

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kalnay, E.; Balgovind, R.; Chao, W.; Edelmann, D.; Pfaendtner, J.; Takacs, L.; Takano, K.

1983-01-01

Volume 2, of a 3 volume technical memoranda contains a detailed documentation of the GLAS fourth order general circulation model. Volume 2 contains the CYBER 205 scalar and vector codes of the model, list of variables, and cross references. A variable name dictionary for the scalar code, and code listings are outlined.

Coding of procedures documented by general practitioners in Swedish primary care-an explorative study using two procedure coding systems

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Procedures documented by general practitioners in primary care have not been studied in relation to procedure coding systems. We aimed to describe procedures documented by Swedish general practitioners in electronic patient records and to compare them to the Swedish Classification of Health Interventions (KVÅ) and SNOMED CT. Methods Procedures in 200 record entries were identified, coded, assessed in relation to two procedure coding systems and analysed. Results 417 procedures found in the 200 electronic patient record entries were coded with 36 different Classification of Health Interventions categories and 148 different SNOMED CT concepts. 22.8% of the procedures could not be coded with any Classification of Health Interventions category and 4.3% could not be coded with any SNOMED CT concept. 206 procedure-concept/category pairs were assessed as a complete match in SNOMED CT compared to 10 in the Classification of Health Interventions. Conclusions Procedures documented by general practitioners were present in nearly all electronic patient record entries. Almost all procedures could be coded using SNOMED CT. Classification of Health Interventions covered the procedures to a lesser extent and with a much lower degree of concordance. SNOMED CT is a more flexible terminology system that can be used for different purposes for procedure coding in primary care. PMID:22230095

Market Analysis and Consumer Impacts Source Document. Part III. Consumer Behavior and Attitudes Toward Fuel Efficient Vehicles

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-12-01

This source document on motor vehicle market analysis and consumer impacts consists of three parts. Part III consists of studies and reviews on: consumer awareness of fuel efficiency issues; consumer acceptance of fuel efficient vehicles; car size ch...

Correct coding for laboratory procedures during assisted reproductive technology cycles.

PubMed

2016-04-01

This document provides updated coding information for services related to assisted reproductive technology procedures. This document replaces the 2012 ASRM document of the same name. Copyright © 2016 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

High methane emissions from a midlatitude reservoir draining an agricultural watershed.

PubMed

Beaulieu, Jake J; Smolenski, Rebecca L; Nietch, Christopher T; Townsend-Small, Amy; Elovitz, Michael S

2014-10-07

Reservoirs are a globally significant source of methane (CH4), although most measurements have been made in tropical and boreal systems draining undeveloped watersheds. To assess the magnitude of CH4 emissions from reservoirs in midlatitude agricultural regions, we measured CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission rates from William H. Harsha Lake (Ohio, U.S.A.), an agricultural impacted reservoir, over a 13 month period. The reservoir was a strong source of CH4 throughout the year, emitting on average 176 ± 36 mg C m(-2) d(-1), the highest reservoir CH4 emissions profile documented in the United States to date. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, the largest CH4 emissions were during summer stratified conditions, not during fall turnover. The river-reservoir transition zone emitted CH4 at rates an order of magnitude higher than the rest of the reservoir, and total carbon emissions (i.e., CH4 + CO2) were also greater at the transition zone, indicating that the river delta supported greater carbon mineralization rates than elsewhere. Midlatitude agricultural impacted reservoirs may be a larger source of CH4 to the atmosphere than currently recognized, particularly if river deltas are consistent CH4 hot spots. We estimate that CH4 emissions from agricultural reservoirs could be a significant component of anthropogenic CH4 emissions in the U.S.A.

FERRET data analysis code

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schmittroth, F.

1979-09-01

A documentation of the FERRET data analysis code is given. The code provides a way to combine related measurements and calculations in a consistent evaluation. Basically a very general least-squares code, it is oriented towards problems frequently encountered in nuclear data and reactor physics. A strong emphasis is on the proper treatment of uncertainties and correlations and in providing quantitative uncertainty estimates. Documentation includes a review of the method, structure of the code, input formats, and examples.

Computer-assisted coding and clinical documentation: first things first.

PubMed

Tully, Melinda; Carmichael, Angela

2012-10-01

Computer-assisted coding tools have the potential to drive improvements in seven areas: Transparency of coding. Productivity (generally by 20 to 25 percent for inpatient claims). Accuracy (by improving specificity of documentation). Cost containment (by reducing overtime expenses, audit fees, and denials). Compliance. Efficiency. Consistency.

Sequestration: Documenting and Assessing Lessons Learned Would Assist DOD in Planning for Future Budget Uncertainty

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-01

to shore power outside of the restricted port hours. • Officials from the Navy’s CH-53K King Stallion helicopter program office told us that...1,777 8% 23 (1%) 1,754 (99%) Procurement 4,688 74,169 78,857 6,218 8% 1,081 (17%) 5,137 (83%) CH-53K King Stallion Helicopter RDT&E 1,836 605,404...Information Network - Tactical Increment 3 X Navy AIM-9X Block II Sidewinder Missile X CH-53K King Stallion Helicopter X X X DDG 1000 Zumwalt

a Restoration Oriented Hbim System for Cultural Heritage Documentation: the Case Study of Parma Cathedral

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bruno, N.; Roncella, R.

2018-05-01

The need to safeguard and preserve Cultural Heritage (CH) is increasing and especially in Italy, where the amount of historical buildings is considerable, having efficient and standardized processes of CH management and conservation becomes strategic. At the time being, there are no tools capable of fulfilling all the specific functions required by Cultural Heritage documentation and, due to the complexity of historical assets, there are no solution as flexible and customizable as CH specific needs require. Nevertheless, BIM methodology can represent the most effective solution, on condition that proper methodologies, tools and functions are made available. The paper describes an ongoing research on the implementation of a Historical BIM system for the Parma cathedral, aimed at the maintenance, conservation and restoration. Its main goal was to give a concrete answer to the lack of specific tools required by Cultural Heritage documentation: organized and coordinated storage and management of historical data, easy analysis and query, time management, 3D modelling of irregular shapes, flexibility, user-friendliness, etc. The paper will describe the project and the implemented methodology, focusing mainly on survey and modelling phases. In describing the methodology, critical issues about the creation of a HBIM will be highlighted, trying to outline a workflow applicable also in other similar contexts.

Interlaboratory comparison of δ13C and δD measurements of atmospheric CH4 for combined use of data sets from different laboratories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Umezawa, Taku; Brenninkmeijer, Carl A. M.; Röckmann, Thomas; van der Veen, Carina; Tyler, Stanley C.; Fujita, Ryo; Morimoto, Shinji; Aoki, Shuji; Sowers, Todd; Schmitt, Jochen; Bock, Michael; Beck, Jonas; Fischer, Hubertus; Michel, Sylvia E.; Vaughn, Bruce H.; Miller, John B.; White, James W. C.; Brailsford, Gordon; Schaefer, Hinrich; Sperlich, Peter; Brand, Willi A.; Rothe, Michael; Blunier, Thomas; Lowry, David; Fisher, Rebecca E.; Nisbet, Euan G.; Rice, Andrew L.; Bergamaschi, Peter; Veidt, Cordelia; Levin, Ingeborg

2018-03-01

We report results from a worldwide interlaboratory comparison of samples among laboratories that measure (or measured) stable carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of atmospheric CH4 (δ13C-CH4 and δD-CH4). The offsets among the laboratories are larger than the measurement reproducibility of individual laboratories. To disentangle plausible measurement offsets, we evaluated and critically assessed a large number of intercomparison results, some of which have been documented previously in the literature. The results indicate significant offsets of δ13C-CH4 and δD-CH4 measurements among data sets reported from different laboratories; the differences among laboratories at modern atmospheric CH4 level spread over ranges of 0.5 ‰ for δ13C-CH4 and 13 ‰ for δD-CH4. The intercomparison results summarized in this study may be of help in future attempts to harmonize δ13C-CH4 and δD-CH4 data sets from different laboratories in order to jointly incorporate them into modelling studies. However, establishing a merged data set, which includes δ13C-CH4 and δD-CH4 data from multiple laboratories with desirable compatibility, is still challenging due to differences among laboratories in instrument settings, correction methods, traceability to reference materials and long-term data management. Further efforts are needed to identify causes of the interlaboratory measurement offsets and to decrease those to move towards the best use of available δ13C-CH4 and δD-CH4 data sets.

A Verification-Driven Approach to Traceability and Documentation for Auto-Generated Mathematical Software

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Denney, Ewen W.; Fischer, Bernd

2009-01-01

Model-based development and automated code generation are increasingly used for production code in safety-critical applications, but since code generators are typically not qualified, the generated code must still be fully tested, reviewed, and certified. This is particularly arduous for mathematical and control engineering software which requires reviewers to trace subtle details of textbook formulas and algorithms to the code, and to match requirements (e.g., physical units or coordinate frames) not represented explicitly in models or code. Both tasks are complicated by the often opaque nature of auto-generated code. We address these problems by developing a verification-driven approach to traceability and documentation. We apply the AUTOCERT verification system to identify and then verify mathematical concepts in the code, based on a mathematical domain theory, and then use these verified traceability links between concepts, code, and verification conditions to construct a natural language report that provides a high-level structured argument explaining why and how the code uses the assumptions and complies with the requirements. We have applied our approach to generate review documents for several sub-systems of NASA s Project Constellation.

Medical decision making: guide to improved CPT coding.

PubMed

Holt, Jim; Warsy, Ambreen; Wright, Paula

2010-04-01

The Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) coding system for office visits, which has been in use since 1995, has not been well studied, but it is generally agreed that the system contains much room for error. In fact, the available literature suggests that only slightly more than half of physicians will agree on the same CPT code for a given visit, and only 60% of professional coders will agree on the same code for a particular visit. In addition, the criteria used to assign a code are often related to the amount of written documentation. The goal of this study was to evaluate two novel methods to assess if the most appropriate CPT code is used: the level of medical decision making, or the sum of all problems mentioned by the patient during the visit. The authors-a professional coder, a residency faculty member, and a PGY-3 family medicine resident-reviewed 351 randomly selected visit notes from two residency programs in the Northeast Tennessee region for the level of documentation, the level of medical decision making, and the total number of problems addressed. The authors assigned appropriate CPT codes at each of those three levels. Substantial undercoding occurred at each of the three levels. Approximately 33% of visits were undercoded based on the written documentation. Approximately 50% of the visits were undercoded based on the level of documented medical decision making. Approximately 80% of the visits were undercoded based on the total number of problems which the patient presented during the visit. Interrater agreement was fair, and similar to that noted in other coding studies. Undercoding is not only common in a family medicine residency program but it also occurs at levels that would not be evident from a simple audit of the documentation on the visit note. Undercoding also occurs from not exploring problems mentioned by the patient and not documenting additional work that was performed. Family physicians may benefit from minor alterations in their documentation of office visit notes.

Aeroacoustic Codes for Rotor Harmonic and BVI Noise. CAMRAD.Mod1/HIRES: Methodology and Users' Manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boyd, D. Douglas, Jr.; Brooks, Thomas F.; Burley, Casey L.; Jolly, J. Ralph, Jr.

1998-01-01

This document details the methodology and use of the CAMRAD.Mod1/HIRES codes, which were developed at NASA Langley Research Center for the prediction of helicopter harmonic and Blade-Vortex Interaction (BVI) noise. CANMAD.Mod1 is a substantially modified version of the performance/trim/wake code CANMAD. High resolution blade loading is determined in post-processing by HIRES and an associated indicial aerodynamics code. Extensive capabilities of importance to noise prediction accuracy are documented, including a new multi-core tip vortex roll-up wake model, higher harmonic and individual blade control, tunnel and fuselage correction input, diagnostic blade motion input, and interfaces for acoustic and CFD aerodynamics codes. Modifications and new code capabilities are documented with examples. A users' job preparation guide and listings of variables and namelists are given.

Modelling of 13CH4 injection and local carbon deposition at the outer divertor of ASDEX Upgrade

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aho-Mantila, L.; Airila, M. I.; Wischmeier, M.; Krieger, K.; Pugno, R.; Coster, D. P.; Chankin, A. V.; Neu, R.; Rohde, V.

2009-12-01

Numerical modelling of 13CH4 injection into the outer divertor plasma of the full tungsten, vertical target of ASDEX Upgrade is presented. The SOLPS5.0 code package is used to calculate a realistic scrape-off layer plasma background corresponding to L-mode discharges in the attached divertor plasma regime. The ERO code is then used for detailed modelling of the hydrocarbon break-up, re-deposition and re-erosion processes. The deposition patterns observed at two different poloidal locations are shown to strongly reflect the cross-field gradients in divertor plasma density and temperature, as well as the local plasma collisionality. Experimental results with forward and reversed BT, accompanied by numerical modelling, also point towards a significant poloidal hydrocarbon E×B drift in the divertor region.

A Low-Ambiguity Signal Waveform for Pseudolite Positioning Systems Based on Chirp.

PubMed

Liu, Qing; Huang, Zhigang; Kou, Yanhong; Wang, Jinling

2018-04-25

Signal modulation is an essential design factor of a positioning system, which directly impacts the system’s potential performance. Chirp compressions have been widely applied in the fields of communication, radar, and indoor positioning owing to their high compression gain and good resistance to narrowband interferences and multipath fading. Based on linear chirp, we present a modulation method named chirped pseudo-noise (ChPN). The mathematical model of the ChPN signal is provided with its auto-correlation function (ACF) and the power spectrum density (PSD) derived. The ChPN with orthogonal chirps is also discussed, which has better resistance to near-far effect. Then the generation and detection methods as well as the performances of ChPN are discussed by theoretical analysis and simulation. The results show that, for ChPN signals with the same main-lobe bandwidth (MLB), generally, the signal with a larger sweep bandwidth has better tracking precision and multipath resistance. ChPN yields slighter ACF peaks ambiguity due to its lower ACF side-peaks, although its tracking precision is a little worse than that of a binary offset carrier (BOC) with the same MLB. Moreover, ChPN provides better overall anti-multipath performance than BOC. For the ChPN signals with the same code rate, a signal with a larger sweep bandwidth has better performance in most aspects. In engineering practice, a ChPN receiver can be implemented by minor modifications of a BOC receiver. Thus, ChPN modulation shows promise for future positioning applications.

An Introduction to Chemistry for Merchant Marine Oriented Individuals (Ch-1 and Ch-1C). A Study Guide to Minicourse D-1, Elementary Background.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schlenker, Richard M.; Dillon, Timothy

This document contains lab activities, problem sets, and a tape script to be accompanied by a slide show. The minicourse covers the following topics of general chemistry: kinetic-molecular theory, the Bohr atom, acids, bases, and salts, the periodic table, bonding, chemical equations, the metric system, computation of density, mass, and volume,…

40 CFR 1037.104 - Exhaust emission standards for CO2, CH4, and N2O for heavy-duty vehicles at or below 14,000...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... adjust the calculated emissions by the global warming potential (GWP): GWP equals 25 for CH4 and 298 for... guidance document to more accurately characterize CO2 emission levels' for example, changes may be appropriate based on new test data, future technology changes, or to changes in future CO2 emission levels...

The National Transport Code Collaboration Module Library

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kritz, A. H.; Bateman, G.; Kinsey, J.; Pankin, A.; Onjun, T.; Redd, A.; McCune, D.; Ludescher, C.; Pletzer, A.; Andre, R.; Zakharov, L.; Lodestro, L.; Pearlstein, L. D.; Jong, R.; Houlberg, W.; Strand, P.; Wiley, J.; Valanju, P.; John, H. St.; Waltz, R.; Mandrekas, J.; Mau, T. K.; Carlsson, J.; Braams, B.

2004-12-01

This paper reports on the progress in developing a library of code modules under the auspices of the National Transport Code Collaboration (NTCC). Code modules are high quality, fully documented software packages with a clearly defined interface. The modules provide a variety of functions, such as implementing numerical physics models; performing ancillary functions such as I/O or graphics; or providing tools for dealing with common issues in scientific programming such as portability of Fortran codes. Researchers in the plasma community submit code modules, and a review procedure is followed to insure adherence to programming and documentation standards. The review process is designed to provide added confidence with regard to the use of the modules and to allow users and independent reviews to validate the claims of the modules' authors. All modules include source code; clear instructions for compilation of binaries on a variety of target architectures; and test cases with well-documented input and output. All the NTCC modules and ancillary information, such as current standards and documentation, are available from the NTCC Module Library Website http://w3.pppl.gov/NTCC. The goal of the project is to develop a resource of value to builders of integrated modeling codes and to plasma physics researchers generally. Currently, there are more than 40 modules in the module library.

Novel transmucosal absorption enhancers obtained by aminoalkylation of chitosan.

PubMed

Zambito, Ylenia; Uccello-Barretta, Gloria; Zaino, Chiara; Balzano, Federica; Di Colo, Giacomo

2006-12-01

Literature data suggest that quaternized chitosans have a transmucosal drug absorption enhancing property depending on their MW, quaternization degree and other structural features. With the purpose of preparing novel effective promoters, a chitosan (Ch) from crab shell (ChC; viscometric MW, 800 kDa; deacetylation: 90%, IR; 84%, NMR) and one from shrimp shell (ChS; viscometric MW, 590 kDa; deacetylation: 90%, IR; 82%, NMR) were reacted with 2-diethylaminoethyl chloride (DEAE-Cl) and novel derivatives containing different percentages of pendant quaternary ammonium groups were obtained. NMR analysis, based on HSQC, COSY, TOCSY and ROESY maps, indicated that three partially substituted N,O-[N,N-diethylaminomethyl(diethyldimethylene ammonium)(n)]methyl chitosans, coded N(+)-ChS-2 (degree of substitution, DS=40%; n=1.6), N(+)-ChS-4 (DS=132%; n=2.5), and N(+)-ChC-4 (DS=85%; n=1.7) resulted from the reaction, depending on whether the DEAE-Cl/Ch repeating unit molar ratio, was 2:1 or 4:1. The effects of the derivatives on the permeability of rhodamine 123 (Rh-123), hydrophobic, marker of the transcellular absorption route, and of fluorescein sodium (NaFlu), polar, marker of the paracellular route, across excised porcine cheek epithelium were assessed, using Franz type diffusion cells. Rh-123 permeability was enhanced by N(+)-ChS-4 (enhancement ratio, ER=8.4) and by N(+)-ChC-4 (ER=3.9), whereas N(+)-ChS-2 was ineffective. NaFlu permeability was enhanced by N(+)-ChS-2 (ER=7.2), N(+)-ChS-4 (ER=7.4) and N(+)-ChC-4 (ER=6.6). In conclusion, the three derivatives, whichever their DS, promote paracellular transport, while transcellular transport is substantially accelerated only by the most substituted one.

77 FR 67340 - National Fire Codes: Request for Comments on NFPA's Codes and Standards

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-09

... the process. The Code Revision Process contains four basic steps that are followed for developing new documents as well as revising existing documents. Step 1: Public Input Stage, which results in the First Draft Report (formerly ROP); Step 2: Comment Stage, which results in the Second Draft Report (formerly...

Characterization of Robotic Tail Orientation as a Function of Platform Position for Surf-Zone Robots

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-01

components. The basic components for Robster’s power supply and distribution system were taken from the Bigfoot robot developed by John Herkamp [5...18MAR2009 Changes: Eliminated all references to Bigfoot Arm and Thermopile Commented out sonar II. AGBOT Code v2.1 - 20MAR2009 Changes: Added...anaOutVolts(rt_ch, PW_STOP); anaOutVolts(lt_ch, PW_STOP); //Stops Bigfoot for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) 69

Nucleon shadowing effects in Cu + Cu and Au + Au collisions at RHIC within the HIJING code

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdel-Waged, Khaled; Felemban, Nuha

2018-02-01

The centrality dependence of pseudorapidity density of charged particles ({{{d}}{N}}{{ch}}/{{d}}η ) in Cu + Cu (Au + Au) collisions at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider energy of \\sqrt{{s}{{NN}}}=22.4, 62.4 and 200 (19.6, 62.4 and 200) GeV, is investigated within an improved HIJING code. The standard HIJING model is enhanced by a prescription for collective nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions and more modern parton distribution functions. The collective NN-interactions are used to induce both cascade and nucleon shadowing effects. We find collective cascade broadens the pseudorapidity distributions in the tails (at | η | > {y}{beam}) above 25%-30% collision centrality to be consistent with the {{{d}}{N}}{{ch}}/{{d}}η data at \\sqrt{{s}{{NN}}} =19.6,22.4,62.4 {GeV}. The overall contribution of nucleon shadowing is shown to depress the whole shape of {{{d}}{N}}{{ch}}/{{d}}η in the primary interaction region (at | η | < {y}{beam}) for semiperipheral (20%-25%) and peripheral (≥slant 35 % {--}40 % ) Cu + Cu (Au + Au) interactions at \\sqrt{{s}{{NN}}}=200 {GeV}, in accordance with the PHOBOS data.

Regionalization of surgical services in central Florida: the next step in acute care surgery.

PubMed

Block, Ernest F J; Rudloff, Beth; Noon, Charles; Behn, Bruce

2010-09-01

There is a national loss of access to surgeons for emergencies. Contributing factors include reduced numbers of practicing general surgeons, superspecialization, reimbursement issues, emphasis on work and life balance, and medical liability. Regionalizing acute care surgery (ACS), as exists for trauma care, represents a potential solution. The purpose of this study is to assess the financial and resources impact of transferring all nontrauma ACS cases from a community hospital (CH) to a trauma center (TC). We performed a case mix and financial analysis of patient records with ACS for a rural CH located near an urban Level I TC. ACS patients were analyzed for diagnosis, insurance status, procedures, and length of stay. We estimated physician reimbursement based on evaluation and management codes and procedural CPT codes. Hospital revenues were based on regional diagnosis-related group rates. All third-party remuneration was set at published Medicare rates; self-pay was set at nil. Nine hundred ninety patients were treated in the CH emergency department with 188 potential surgical diseases. ACS was necessary in 62 cases; 25.4% were uninsured. Extrapolated to 12 months, 248 patients would generate new TC physician revenue of >$155,000 and hospital profits of >$1.5 million. CH savings for call pay and other variable costs are >$100,000. TC operating room volume would only increase by 1%. Regionalization of ACS to TCs is a viable option from a business perspective. Access to care is preserved during an approaching crisis in emergency general surgical coverage. The referring hospital is relieved of an unfavorable payer mix and surgeon call problems. The TC receives a new revenue stream with limited impact on resources by absorbing these patients under its fixed costs, saving the CH variable costs.

Documents Pertaining to Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Corrective Action Event Codes

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Document containing RCRA Corrective Action event codes and definitions, including national requirements, initiating sources, dates, and guidance, from the first facility assessment until the Corrective Action is terminated.

Temporally precise single-cell resolution optogenetics

PubMed Central

Shemesh, Or A.; Tanese, Dimitrii; Zampini, Valeria; Linghu, Changyang; Piatkevich, Kiryl; Ronzitti, Emiliano; Papagiakoumou, Eirini; Boyden, Edward S.; Emiliani, Valentina

2017-01-01

Optogenetic control of individual neurons with high temporal precision, within intact mammalian brain circuitry, would enable powerful explorations of how neural circuits operate. Two-photon computer generated holography enables precise sculpting of light, and could in principle enable simultaneous illumination of many neurons in a network, with the requisite temporal precision to simulate accurate neural codes. We designed a high efficacy soma-targeted opsin, finding that fusing the N-terminal 150 residues of kainate receptor subunit 2 (KA2) to the recently discovered high-photocurrent channelrhodopsin CoChR restricted expression of this opsin primarily to the cell body of mammalian cortical neurons. In combination with two-photon holographic stimulation, we found that this somatic CoChR (soCoChR) enabled photostimulation of individual cells in intact cortical circuits with single cell resolution and <1 millisecond temporal precision, and use soCoChR to perform connectivity mapping on intact cortical circuits. PMID:29184208

C++ Coding Standards for the AMP Project

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Evans, Thomas M; Clarno, Kevin T

2009-09-01

This document provides an initial starting point to define the C++ coding standards used by the AMP nuclear fuel performance integrated code project and a part of AMP's software development process. This document draws from the experiences, and documentation [1], of the developers of the Marmot Project at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Much of the software in AMP will be written in C++. The power of C++ can be abused easily, resulting in code that is difficult to understand and maintain. This document gives the practices that should be followed on the AMP project for all new code that ismore » written. The intent is not to be onerous but to ensure that the code can be readily understood by the entire code team and serve as a basis for collectively defining a set of coding standards for use in future development efforts. At the end of the AMP development in fiscal year (FY) 2010, all developers will have experience with the benefits, restrictions, and limitations of the standards described and will collectively define a set of standards for future software development. External libraries that AMP uses do not have to meet these requirements, although we encourage external developers to follow these practices. For any code of which AMP takes ownership, the project will decide on any changes on a case-by-case basis. The practices that we are using in the AMP project have been in use in the Denovo project [2] for several years. The practices build on those given in References [3-5]; the practices given in these references should also be followed. Some of the practices given in this document can also be found in [6].« less

Does incorporation of a clinical support template in the electronic medical record improve capture of wound care data in a cohort of veterans with diabetic foot ulcers?

PubMed

Lowe, Jeanne R; Raugi, Gregory J; Reiber, Gayle E; Whitney, Joanne D

2013-01-01

The purpose of this cohort study was to evaluate the effect of a 1-year intervention of an electronic medical record wound care template on the completeness of wound care documentation and medical coding compared to a similar time interval for the fiscal year preceding the intervention. From October 1, 2006, to September 30, 2007, a "good wound care" intervention was implemented at a rural Veterans Affairs facility to prevent amputations in veterans with diabetes and foot ulcers. The study protocol included a template with foot ulcer variables embedded in the electronic medical record to facilitate data collection, support clinical decision making, and improve ordering and medical coding. The intervention group showed significant differences in complete documentation of good wound care compared to the historic control group (χ = 15.99, P < .001), complete documentation of coding for diagnoses and procedures (χ = 30.23, P < .001), and complete documentation of both good wound care and coding for diagnoses and procedures (χ = 14.96, P < .001). An electronic wound care template improved documentation of evidence-based interventions and facilitated coding for wound complexity and procedures.

Role of the UV external radiation field on the presence of astrophysical ices in protostellars environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Robson Monteiro Rocha, Will; Pilling, Sergio

2016-07-01

The astrophysical ices survival is directly related with the temperature and ionizing radiation field in protostellars environments such as disks and envelopes. Computational models has shown that pure volatile molecules like CO and CH _{4} should survive only inside densest regions of molecular clouds or protoplanetary disks On the other hand, solid molecules such as H _{2}O and CH _{3}OH can be placed around 5 - 10 AU from the central protostar. Unlike of the previous models, we investigate the role of the UV external radiation field on the presence of ices in disks and envelopes. Once that a star-forming region is composed by the formation of many protostars, the external radiation field should be an important component to understand the real localization of the ices along the sight line. To address this topic it was employed the radiative transfer code RADMC-3D based on the Monte Carlo method. The code was used to model the spectrum and the near-infrared image of Elias 29. The initial parameters of the disk and envelope was taken from our previous paper (Rocha & Pilling (2015), ApJ 803:18). The opacities of the ices were calculated from the complex refractive index obtained at laboratory experiments perfomed at Grand Accélerateur National d'Íons Lourds (GANIL), by using the NKABS code from Rocha & Pilling (2014), SAA 123:436. The partial conclusions that we have obtained shows that pure CO volatile molecule cannot be placed at disk or envelope of Elias 29, unlike shown in our paper about Elias 29. Once it was observed in Elias 29 spectrum obtained with Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) between 2.5 - 190 μm, this molecule should be placed in foreground molecular clouds or trapped in the water ice matrix. The next calculations will be able to show where are placed the ices such as CH _{3}OH and CH _{3}CHO observed in Elias 29 spectrum.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

This document contains the State Building Energy Codes Status prepared by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830 and dated September 1996. The U.S. Department of Energy`s Office of Codes and Standards has developed this document to provide an information resource for individuals interested in energy efficiency of buildings and the relevant building energy codes in each state and U.S. territory. This is considered to be an evolving document and will be updated twice a year. In addition, special state updates will be issued as warranted.

General Electromagnetic Model for the Analysis of Complex Systems (GEMACS) Computer Code Documentation (Version 3). Volume 3, Part 4.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-01

6ENFRAL. ELECTROMAGNETIC MODEL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS **%(GEMA CS) Computer Code Documentation ii( Version 3 ). A the BDM Corporation Dr...ANALYSIS FnlTcnclRpr F COMPLEX SYSTEM (GmCS) February 81 - July 83- I TR CODE DOCUMENTATION (Version 3 ) 6.PROMN N.REPORT NUMBER 5. CONTRACT ORGAT97...the ti and t2 directions on the source patch. 3 . METHOD: The electric field at a segment observation point due to the source patch j is given by 1-- lnA

Carbon-13 Isotopic Abundance and Concentration of Atmospheric Methane for Background Air in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres from 1978 to 1989 (NDP-049)

DOE Data Explorer

Stevens, C. M. [Chemical Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois (USA)

2012-01-01

This data package presents atmospheric CH4 concentration and 13C isotopic abundance data derived from air samples collected over the period 1978-1989 at globally distributed clean-air sites. The data set comprises 201 records, 166 from the Northern Hemisphere and 35 from the Southern Hemisphere. The air samples were collected mostly in rural or marine locations remote from large sources of CH4 and are considered representative of tropospheric background conditions. The air samples were processed by isolation of CH4 from air and conversion to CO2 for isotopic analysis by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. These data represent one of the earliest records of 13C isotopic yy!measurements for atmospheric methane and have been used to refine estimates of CH4 emissions, calculate annual growth rates of emissions from changing sources, and provide evidence for changes in the rate of atmospheric removal of CH4. The data records consist of sample collection date; number of samples combined for analysis; sampling location; analysis date; CH4 concentration; 13C isotopic abundance; and flag codes to indicate outliers, repeated analyses, and other information.

A Low-Ambiguity Signal Waveform for Pseudolite Positioning Systems Based on Chirp

PubMed Central

Huang, Zhigang; Kou, Yanhong; Wang, Jinling

2018-01-01

Signal modulation is an essential design factor of a positioning system, which directly impacts the system’s potential performance. Chirp compressions have been widely applied in the fields of communication, radar, and indoor positioning owing to their high compression gain and good resistance to narrowband interferences and multipath fading. Based on linear chirp, we present a modulation method named chirped pseudo-noise (ChPN). The mathematical model of the ChPN signal is provided with its auto-correlation function (ACF) and the power spectrum density (PSD) derived. The ChPN with orthogonal chirps is also discussed, which has better resistance to near-far effect. Then the generation and detection methods as well as the performances of ChPN are discussed by theoretical analysis and simulation. The results show that, for ChPN signals with the same main-lobe bandwidth (MLB), generally, the signal with a larger sweep bandwidth has better tracking precision and multipath resistance. ChPN yields slighter ACF peaks ambiguity due to its lower ACF side-peaks, although its tracking precision is a little worse than that of a binary offset carrier (BOC) with the same MLB. Moreover, ChPN provides better overall anti-multipath performance than BOC. For the ChPN signals with the same code rate, a signal with a larger sweep bandwidth has better performance in most aspects. In engineering practice, a ChPN receiver can be implemented by minor modifications of a BOC receiver. Thus, ChPN modulation shows promise for future positioning applications. PMID:29693581

Ethnobotanical survey of cooling herbal drinks from southern China.

PubMed

Liu, Yujing; Ahmed, Selena; Long, Chunlin

2013-12-19

Liáng chá ("cooling tea", "herbal tea" or "cool tisane" in Chinese) are herbal drinks widely produced in southern China and consumed by billions of people worldwide to prevent and treat internal heat as well as a range of associated health conditions. Globalization and renewed interest in botanical remedies has attracted growing attention in cooling herbal drinks by industry, scientists and consumers. However, there is a knowledge gap on the plant species used and commercialized for cooling herbal drinks in southern China and their associated ethnobotanical use, habitat and conservation status. This is the first study to document plant species used and commercialized as liáng chá in southern China's Lingnan region and associated ethnomedical function, preparation methods, habitat and conservation status. Three hundred market surveys were conducted between 2010-2012 in the largest herbal drink producing region of China to record plants used for liáng chá and to document knowledge on their medicinal function, habitat and conservation status. Product samples and voucher specimens were collected for taxonomic identification. All informants harvest and cultivate plants for preparing herbal drinks for their medicinal, cultural and economic values. A total of 222 ethnotaxa corresponded to 238 botanical taxa (species, varieties or subspecies) belonging to 86 families and 209 genera were recorded as liáng chá to treat health conditions in the study area. Recorded remedies consisted of one or several plant species to treat conditions classified into 27 major health conditions with clearing internal heat being the most common medicinal function. The habitat types of plants documented for use as liáng chá include 112 wild harvested species, 51 species that are either wild harvested or cultivated, 57 cultivated species, and 2 naturalized species. According to China's Red List and CITES on conservation status, one of these species is endangered, one species is critically endangered, eight species are vulnerable, one is listed in CITES II, three are listed in Regional Red Data Book and the remaining 224 species are in the least concerned conservation category. The liáng chá industry of southern China reflects the plant species richness and cultural diversity of the region. Future research on safety and efficacy of herbal drinks as well as ecological and cultural conservation efforts are needed for the sustainable growth of China's botanical industry.

Can methane suppression during digestion of woody and leafy browse compensate for energy costs of detoxification of plant secondary compounds? A test with muskoxen fed willows and birch.

PubMed

White, R G; Lawler, J P

2002-11-01

Digestion and metabolism of woody and leafy browse requires detoxification of plant secondary compounds that can incur an energy cost. Browse, however, inhibits methane (CH(4)) production and therefore could offset some costs of detoxification. We measured an index of heat increment of feeding (HIFi) and CH(4) production in muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) given a single test meal (at 10 g/kg BM(0.75)) composed of hay mixed with one of three browse species (Willow: Salix alaxensis, S. pulchra; Birch: Betula nana). Detoxification cost was estimated as HIFi of browse diet-HIFi of hay diet and CH(4) compensation as CH(4) production of hay diet-CH(4) production of browse diet. CH(4) compensation was noted in 47% of 15 trials in which a detoxification cost was evident; six trials were with woody browse and one with leafy browse. Separate controls were responsible for the difference in CH(4) compensation for leafy browse vs. woody browse. Detoxification costs for twigs and leaves of B. nana were underestimated because of their low digestibility. In only one of six treatments was CH(4) compensation documented for B. nana. We conclude that energy saved by CH(4) suppression was small (<6%) compared with detoxification costs.

Naval Research Laboratory Arctic Initiatives

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

Campaign Code 7420 Arctic Modeling Code 7320/7500/7600 In-situ NRL, CRREL NRL boreholes Strategy Remote Sensing Synergism −Collect in-situ...Navy and Marine Corps Corporate Laboratory An array of BMFCs being prepared for deployment. Each BMFC consists of a weighted anode laid flat onto...Gas CH4 E C D CO2 BGHS Free Methane Gas Hydrates HCO3- HCO3- Seismic and geochemical data to predict deep sediment hydrates Estimate spatial

Development of a Menu Driven Materials Data Base for Use on Personal Computers

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-07-01

written permission. Copyright Is the responsibility of the Director Publishing and Marketing , AGPS. Enquiries should be directed to the Manager, AGPS...PROGRAM LISTING A-2-1 Program MOB; uses crt; label levell,level2,level3,shutdown,dis;play; var options,code, nlines ,nmeflitemp,i,j4,k :integer; w,chl,ch2,ch3...char; menus :array [I. .1001 of st~ring[801; nline :array [l. .100] of integer; s2 :string[21; control :string[4]; aline :string[801; inm,iflt :text

Crowdsourcing the Measurement of Interstate Conflict

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Much of the data used to measure conflict is extracted from news reports. This is typically accomplished using either expert coders to quantify the relevant information or machine coders to automatically extract data from documents. Although expert coding is costly, it produces quality data. Machine coding is fast and inexpensive, but the data are noisy. To diminish the severity of this tradeoff, we introduce a method for analyzing news documents that uses crowdsourcing, supplemented with computational approaches. The new method is tested on documents about Militarized Interstate Disputes, and its accuracy ranges between about 68 and 76 percent. This is shown to be a considerable improvement over automated coding, and to cost less and be much faster than expert coding. PMID:27310427

Hypersonic Shock Interactions About a 25 deg/65 deg Sharp Double Cone

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moss, James N.; LeBeau, Gerald J.; Glass, Christopher E.

2002-01-01

This paper presents the results of a numerical study of shock interactions resulting from Mach 10 air flow about a sharp double cone. Computations are made with the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method by using two different codes: the G2 code of Bird and the DAC (DSMC Analysis Code) code of LeBeau. The flow conditions are the pretest nominal free-stream conditions specified for the ONERA R5Ch low-density wind tunnel. The focus is on the sensitivity of the interactions to grid resolution while providing information concerning the flow structure and surface results for the extent of separation, heating, pressure, and skin friction.

RELAP-7 Theory Manual

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Berry, Ray Alden; Zou, Ling; Zhao, Haihua

This document summarizes the physical models and mathematical formulations used in the RELAP-7 code. In summary, the MOOSE based RELAP-7 code development is an ongoing effort. The MOOSE framework enables rapid development of the RELAP-7 code. The developmental efforts and results demonstrate that the RELAP-7 project is on a path to success. This theory manual documents the main features implemented into the RELAP-7 code. Because the code is an ongoing development effort, this RELAP-7 Theory Manual will evolve with periodic updates to keep it current with the state of the development, implementation, and model additions/revisions.

Methods, media, and systems for detecting attack on a digital processing device

DOEpatents

Stolfo, Salvatore J.; Li, Wei-Jen; Keromylis, Angelos D.; Androulaki, Elli

2014-07-22

Methods, media, and systems for detecting attack are provided. In some embodiments, the methods include: comparing at least part of a document to a static detection model; determining whether attacking code is included in the document based on the comparison of the document to the static detection model; executing at least part of the document; determining whether attacking code is included in the document based on the execution of the at least part of the document; and if attacking code is determined to be included in the document based on at least one of the comparison of the document to the static detection model and the execution of the at least part of the document, reporting the presence of an attack. In some embodiments, the methods include: selecting a data segment in at least one portion of an electronic document; determining whether the arbitrarily selected data segment can be altered without causing the electronic document to result in an error when processed by a corresponding program; in response to determining that the arbitrarily selected data segment can be altered, arbitrarily altering the data segment in the at least one portion of the electronic document to produce an altered electronic document; and determining whether the corresponding program produces an error state when the altered electronic document is processed by the corresponding program.

Methods, media, and systems for detecting attack on a digital processing device

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stolfo, Salvatore J.; Li, Wei-Jen; Keromytis, Angelos D.

Methods, media, and systems for detecting attack are provided. In some embodiments, the methods include: comparing at least part of a document to a static detection model; determining whether attacking code is included in the document based on the comparison of the document to the static detection model; executing at least part of the document; determining whether attacking code is included in the document based on the execution of the at least part of the document; and if attacking code is determined to be included in the document based on at least one of the comparison of the document tomore » the static detection model and the execution of the at least part of the document, reporting the presence of an attack. In some embodiments, the methods include: selecting a data segment in at least one portion of an electronic document; determining whether the arbitrarily selected data segment can be altered without causing the electronic document to result in an error when processed by a corresponding program; in response to determining that the arbitrarily selected data segment can be altered, arbitrarily altering the data segment in the at least one portion of the electronic document to produce an altered electronic document; and determining whether the corresponding program produces an error state when the altered electronic document is processed by the corresponding program.« less

3 CFR - Delegation of Reporting Functions Specified in Section 491 of Title 10, United State Code

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 3 The President 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Delegation of Reporting Functions Specified in Section 491 of Title 10, United State Code Presidential Documents Other Presidential Documents Memorandum of June 19, 2013 Delegation of Reporting Functions Specified in Section 491 of Title 10, United State Code Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense B...

3 CFR - Delegation of Functions and Authority Under Sections 315 and 325 of Title 32, United States Code

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 3 The President 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Delegation of Functions and Authority Under Sections 315 and 325 of Title 32, United States Code Presidential Documents Other Presidential Documents Memorandum of April 14, 2011 Delegation of Functions and Authority Under Sections 315 and 325 of Title 32, United States Code Memorandum for the...

A novel pathway of direct methane production and emission by eukaryotes including plants, animals and fungi: An overview

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Jiangong; Chen, Huai; Zhu, Qiuan; Shen, Yan; Wang, Xue; Wang, Meng; Peng, Changhui

2015-08-01

Methane (CH4) is a powerful greenhouse gas with a global warming potential 28 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2). CH4 is responsible for approximately 20% of the Earth's warming since pre-industrial times. Knowledge of the sources of CH4 is crucial due to the recent substantial interannual variability of growth rates and uncertainties regarding individual sources. The prevailing paradigm is that methanogenesis carried out by methanogenic archaea occurs primarily under strictly anaerobic conditions. However, in the past decade, studies have confirmed direct CH4 release from three important kingdoms of eukaryotes-Plantae, Animalia and Fungi-even in the presence of oxygen. This novel CH4 production pathway has been aptly termed ;aerobic CH4 production; to distinguish it from the well-known anaerobic CH4 production pathway, which involves catalytic activity by methanogenic archaeal enzymes. In this review, we collated recent experimental evidence from the published literature and documented this novel pathway of direct CH4 production and emission by eukaryotes. The mechanisms involved in this pathway may be related to protective strategies of eukaryotes in response to changing environmental stresses, with CH4 a by-product or end-product during or at the end of the process(es) that originates from organic methyl-type compounds. Based on the existing, albeit uncertain estimates, plants seem to contribute less to the global CH4 budget (3-24%) compared to previous estimates (10-37%). We still lack estimates of CH4 emissions by animals and fungi. Overall, there is an urgent need to identify the precursors for this novel CH4 source and improve our understanding of the mechanisms of direct CH4 production and the impacts of environmental stresses. An estimate of this new CH4 source, which was not considered as a CH4 source by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2013), could be useful for better quantitation of the global CH4 budget.

Single-channel voice-response-system program documentation volume I : system description

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-01-01

This report documents the design and implementation of a Voice Response System (VRS) using Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) voice coding. Implemented on a Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11/20,R this VRS system supports a single ...

Sierra/Aria 4.48 Verification Manual.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sierra Thermal Fluid Development Team

Presented in this document is a portion of the tests that exist in the Sierra Thermal/Fluids verification test suite. Each of these tests is run nightly with the Sierra/TF code suite and the results of the test checked under mesh refinement against the correct analytic result. For each of the tests presented in this document the test setup, derivation of the analytic solution, and comparison of the code results to the analytic solution is provided. This document can be used to confirm that a given code capability is verified or referenced as a compilation of example problems.

An Experiment in Scientific Code Semantic Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stewart, Mark E. M.

1998-01-01

This paper concerns a procedure that analyzes aspects of the meaning or semantics of scientific and engineering code. This procedure involves taking a user's existing code, adding semantic declarations for some primitive variables, and parsing this annotated code using multiple, distributed expert parsers. These semantic parser are designed to recognize formulae in different disciplines including physical and mathematical formulae and geometrical position in a numerical scheme. The parsers will automatically recognize and document some static, semantic concepts and locate some program semantic errors. Results are shown for a subroutine test case and a collection of combustion code routines. This ability to locate some semantic errors and document semantic concepts in scientific and engineering code should reduce the time, risk, and effort of developing and using these codes.

[Quality of documentation of intraoperative and postoperative complications : improvement of documentation for a nationwide quality assurance program and comparison with routine data].

PubMed

Jakob, J; Marenda, D; Sold, M; Schlüter, M; Post, S; Kienle, P

2014-08-01

Complications after cholecystectomy are continuously documented in a nationwide database in Germany. Recent studies demonstrated a lack of reliability of these data. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of a control algorithm on documentation quality and the use of routine diagnosis coding as an additional validation instrument. Completeness and correctness of the documentation of complications after cholecystectomy was compared over a time interval of 12 months before and after implementation of an algorithm for faster and more accurate documentation. Furthermore, the coding of all diagnoses was screened to identify intraoperative and postoperative complications. The sensitivity of the documentation for complications improved from 46 % to 70 % (p = 0.05, specificity 98 % in both time intervals). A prolonged time interval of more than 6 weeks between patient discharge and documentation was associated with inferior data quality (incorrect documentation in 1.5 % versus 15 %, p < 0.05). The rate of case documentation within the 6 weeks after hospital discharge was clearly improved after implementation of the control algorithm. Sensitivity and specificity of screening for complications by evaluating routine diagnoses coding were 70 % and 85 %, respectively. The quality of documentation was improved by implementation of a simple memory algorithm.

Downregulation of Chicken Interleukin-17 Receptor A during Eimeria Infection

PubMed Central

Kim, Woo H.; Jeong, Jipseol; Park, Ae R.; Yim, Dongjean; Kim, Suk; Chang, Hong H.; Yang, Seung-Hak; Kim, Dong-Hee; Lillehoj, Hyun S.

2014-01-01

Both interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-17F are proinflammatory cytokines that have an important role in intestinal homeostasis via receptor signaling. These cytokines have been characterized in chickens, but very little is known about their receptors and their functional activity. We provide here the first description of the sequence analysis, bioactivity, and comparative expression analysis of chicken IL-17RA (chIL-17RA) in chickens infected with Salmonella and Eimeria, two major infectious agents of gastrointestinal diseases of poultry of economic importance. A full-length chIL-17RA cDNA with a 2,568-bp coding region was identified from chicken thymus cDNA. chIL-17RA shares ca. 46% identity with mammalian homologues and 29.2 to 31.5% identity with its piscine counterparts. chIL-17RA transcript expression was relatively high in the thymus and in the chicken macrophage cell line HD11. The chIL-17RA-specific small interfering RNA inhibits interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IL-1β mRNA expression in chicken embryo fibroblast cells (but not in DF-1 cells) stimulated with chIL-17A or chIL-17F. Interaction between chIL-17RA and chIL-17A was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation. Downregulation of chIL-17RA occurred in concanavalin A- or lipopolysaccharide-activated splenic lymphocytes but not in poly(I·C)-activated splenic lymphocytes. In Salmonella- and Eimeria-infected chickens, the expression levels of the chIL-17RA transcript were downregulated in intestinal tissues from chickens infected with two Eimeria species, E. tenella or E. maxima, that preferentially infect the cecum and jejunum, respectively. However, chIL-17RA expression was generally unchanged in Salmonella infection. These results suggest that chIL-17RA has an important role in mucosal immunity to intestinal intracellular parasite infections such as Eimeria infection. PMID:24980970

ChIPnorm: a statistical method for normalizing and identifying differential regions in histone modification ChIP-seq libraries.

PubMed

Nair, Nishanth Ulhas; Sahu, Avinash Das; Bucher, Philipp; Moret, Bernard M E

2012-01-01

The advent of high-throughput technologies such as ChIP-seq has made possible the study of histone modifications. A problem of particular interest is the identification of regions of the genome where different cell types from the same organism exhibit different patterns of histone enrichment. This problem turns out to be surprisingly difficult, even in simple pairwise comparisons, because of the significant level of noise in ChIP-seq data. In this paper we propose a two-stage statistical method, called ChIPnorm, to normalize ChIP-seq data, and to find differential regions in the genome, given two libraries of histone modifications of different cell types. We show that the ChIPnorm method removes most of the noise and bias in the data and outperforms other normalization methods. We correlate the histone marks with gene expression data and confirm that histone modifications H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 act as respectively a repressor and an activator of genes. Compared to what was previously reported in the literature, we find that a substantially higher fraction of bivalent marks in ES cells for H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 move into a K27-only state. We find that most of the promoter regions in protein-coding genes have differential histone-modification sites. The software for this work can be downloaded from http://lcbb.epfl.ch/software.html.

Development and Validation of a Natural Language Processing Tool to Identify Patients Treated for Pneumonia across VA Emergency Departments.

PubMed

Jones, B E; South, B R; Shao, Y; Lu, C C; Leng, J; Sauer, B C; Gundlapalli, A V; Samore, M H; Zeng, Q

2018-01-01

Identifying pneumonia using diagnosis codes alone may be insufficient for research on clinical decision making. Natural language processing (NLP) may enable the inclusion of cases missed by diagnosis codes. This article (1) develops a NLP tool that identifies the clinical assertion of pneumonia from physician emergency department (ED) notes, and (2) compares classification methods using diagnosis codes versus NLP against a gold standard of manual chart review to identify patients initially treated for pneumonia. Among a national population of ED visits occurring between 2006 and 2012 across the Veterans Affairs health system, we extracted 811 physician documents containing search terms for pneumonia for training, and 100 random documents for validation. Two reviewers annotated span- and document-level classifications of the clinical assertion of pneumonia. An NLP tool using a support vector machine was trained on the enriched documents. We extracted diagnosis codes assigned in the ED and upon hospital discharge and calculated performance characteristics for diagnosis codes, NLP, and NLP plus diagnosis codes against manual review in training and validation sets. Among the training documents, 51% contained clinical assertions of pneumonia; in the validation set, 9% were classified with pneumonia, of which 100% contained pneumonia search terms. After enriching with search terms, the NLP system alone demonstrated a recall/sensitivity of 0.72 (training) and 0.55 (validation), and a precision/positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.89 (training) and 0.71 (validation). ED-assigned diagnostic codes demonstrated lower recall/sensitivity (0.48 and 0.44) but higher precision/PPV (0.95 in training, 1.0 in validation); the NLP system identified more "possible-treated" cases than diagnostic coding. An approach combining NLP and ED-assigned diagnostic coding classification achieved the best performance (sensitivity 0.89 and PPV 0.80). System-wide application of NLP to clinical text can increase capture of initial diagnostic hypotheses, an important inclusion when studying diagnosis and clinical decision-making under uncertainty. Schattauer GmbH Stuttgart.

Development and applications of 3D-DIVIMP(HC) Monte Carlo impurity modeling code

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mu, Yarong

A self-contained gas injection system for the Divertor Material Evaluation System (DiMES) on DIII-D, the Porous Plug Injector (PPI), has been employed by A. McLean for in-situ study of chemical erosion in the tokamak divertor environment by injection of CH4. The principal contribution of the present thesis is a new interpretive code, 3D-DIVIMP(HC), which has been developed and successfully applied to the interpretation of the CH, C I, and C II emissions measured during the PPI experiments. The two principal types of experimental data which are compared here with 3D-DIVIMP(HC) code modeling are (a) absolute emissivities measured with a high resolution spectrometer, and (b) 2D filtered camera (TV) pictures taken from a view essentially straight down on the PPI. Incorporating the Janev-Reiter database for the breakup reactions of methane molecules in a plasma, 3D-DIVIMP(HC) is able to replicate these measurements to within the combined experimental and database uncertainties. It is therefore concluded that the basic elements of the physics and chemistry controlling the breakup of methane entering an attached divertor plasma have been identified and are incorporated in 3D-DIVIMP(HC).

Single-Shot Scalar-Triplet Measurements in High-Pressure Swirl-Stabilized Flames for Combustion Code Validation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kojima, Jun; Nguyen, Quang-Viet

2007-01-01

In support of NASA ARMD's code validation project, we have made significant progress by providing the first quantitative single-shot multi-scalar data from a turbulent elevated-pressure (5 atm), swirl-stabilized, lean direct injection (LDI) type research burner operating on CH4-air using a spatially-resolved pulsed-laser spontaneous Raman diagnostic technique. The Raman diagnostics apparatus and data analysis that we present here were developed over the past 6 years at Glenn Research Center. From the Raman scattering data, we produce spatially-mapped probability density functions (PDFs) of the instantaneous temperature, determined using a newly developed low-resolution effective rotational bandwidth (ERB) technique. The measured 3-scalar (triplet) correlations, between temperature, CH4, and O2 concentrations, as well as their PDF s, also provide a high-level of detail into the nature and extent of the turbulent mixing process and its impact on chemical reactions in a realistic gas turbine injector flame at elevated pressures. The multi-scalar triplet data set presented here provides a good validation case for CFD combustion codes to simulate by providing both average and statistical values for the 3 measured scalars.

Isotopic insights into methane production, oxidation, and emissions in Arctic polygon tundra.

PubMed

Vaughn, Lydia J S; Conrad, Mark E; Bill, Markus; Torn, Margaret S

2016-10-01

Arctic wetlands are currently net sources of atmospheric CH4 . Due to their complex biogeochemical controls and high spatial and temporal variability, current net CH4 emissions and gross CH4 processes have been difficult to quantify, and their predicted responses to climate change remain uncertain. We investigated CH4 production, oxidation, and surface emissions in Arctic polygon tundra, across a wet-to-dry permafrost degradation gradient from low-centered (intact) to flat- and high-centered (degraded) polygons. From 3 microtopographic positions (polygon centers, rims, and troughs) along the permafrost degradation gradient, we measured surface CH4 and CO2 fluxes, concentrations and stable isotope compositions of CH4 and DIC at three depths in the soil, and soil moisture and temperature. More degraded sites had lower CH4 emissions, a different primary methanogenic pathway, and greater CH4 oxidation than did intact permafrost sites, to a greater degree than soil moisture or temperature could explain. Surface CH4 flux decreased from 64 nmol m(-2)  s(-1) in intact polygons to 7 nmol m(-2)  s(-1) in degraded polygons, and stable isotope signatures of CH4 and DIC showed that acetate cleavage dominated CH4 production in low-centered polygons, while CO2 reduction was the primary pathway in degraded polygons. We see evidence that differences in water flow and vegetation between intact and degraded polygons contributed to these observations. In contrast to many previous studies, these findings document a mechanism whereby permafrost degradation can lead to local decreases in tundra CH4 emissions. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The etiologies and incidences of congenital hypothyroidism before and after neonatal TSH screening program implementation: a study in southern Thailand.

PubMed

Jaruratanasirikul, Somchit; Piriyaphan, Jutarat; Saengkaew, Tansit; Janjindamai, Waricha; Sriplung, Hutcha

2018-06-27

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the common causes of intellectual disability which can be prevented by early detection of an elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level in the newborn and by treatment with thyroxine. In Thailand, neonatal TSH screening was implemented nationwide in 2005. The objective of the study was to determine the etiologies and the estimated incidences of CH in southern Thailand before and after the implementation of a neonatal TSH screening program in 2005. The medical records of pediatric patients who were diagnosed with primary CH at Songklanagarind Hospital during 1995-2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The study was divided into two time periods: study period 1 (SP1) (1995-2004) and study period 2 (SP2) (2005-2013), the time before and after TSH program implementation. The most common form of CH during SP1 was overt permanent CH (66%), mostly caused by athyreosis or ectopic thyroid. In SP2, the most common form of CH was mild permanent CH (39%) (mostly due to dyshormonogenesis), followed by overt CH (32%) and transient CH (29%). The overall annual estimated incidence of CH per 10,000 live births in Songkhla Province was 1.69 (1:5021) in SP1, increasing to 4.77 (1:2238) in SP2; in all 14 provinces in southern Thailand, the estimated incidence was 1.24 (1:8094) in SP1 and 2.33 (1:4274) in SP2. Neonatal TSH screening has a significant impact on the increased detection of the mild form of permanent and transient CH cases, which may be important for the prevention of brain damage from less severe CH although this remains to be documented.

Integrated Systems of Automatic Radio Equipment,

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-05-20

Publishing House "Sovetskoye Radio", Moscow, 1968, pp. 1 -232 Country of origin: USSR This document is a machine translation. Requester: USAMICOM...5 Chapter 1 , Fundamental Characteristics of the Meters of Integrated Systems .. .................. ........... 12 Chapter 2...ts 3 3 3 7 Z, z 91 4 Ch, ch Ku I, i LU w s11 Sh, sh a 0 Y, y W . NJ Shch, shch X x K, k b It f A7 , L, 1 --- - - Y, y . MM M, m = I & . H H N, n 3 3

Whole Blood Robotic Cholinesterase Assay for Organophosphate Exposure - Testing Soldiers, First Responders, and Civilians in the Field and Laboratory

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-12-01

inhibited by selective (e.g. huperzine A ) and non-selective (carbamate) inhibitors (e.g. pyridostigmine bromide, PB). Both studies supported Federal...week). Huperzine A was well tolerated by these patients and warrants study as a future prophylaxis for OP poisoning. Due to the documented use...reversal of ChE inhibition by PB). 3.4 Measurement of huperzine A induced ChE inhibi- tion (RBC-AChE): Aliquots of whole blood from twelve healthy

A Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR) Role for the CV-22: It’s Coming, Get Ready

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-04-01

STUDY SHOULD INCLUDE THE FOREGOING STATEMENT. QUOTATION FROM, ABSTRACTION FROM, OR REPRODUCTION OF ALL OR ANY PART OF THIS DOCUMENT IS PERMITTED...naval-technology.com. IInaval-technology.com. 1I CH-53E Super Stallion - Heavy-Lift Helicopter. 2007. http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/ch-53e...accessed March 19,2008). Olson, Eric. AFSOC Mission Guidanc.e Letter. U.S. Special Operations Command, October 2007. Pike, John. IICH-53E Super Stallion

78 FR 51139 - Notice of Proposed Changes to the National Handbook of Conservation Practices for the Natural...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-20

... (Code 324), Field Border (Code 386), Filter Strip (Code 393), Land Smoothing (Code 466), Livestock... the implementation requirement document to the specifications and plans. Filter Strip (Code 393)--The...

RADTRAD: A simplified model for RADionuclide Transport and Removal And Dose estimation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Humphreys, S.L.; Miller, L.A.; Monroe, D.K.

1998-04-01

This report documents the RADTRAD computer code developed for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation (NRR) to estimate transport and removal of radionuclides and dose at selected receptors. The document includes a users` guide to the code, a description of the technical basis for the code, the quality assurance and code acceptance testing documentation, and a programmers` guide. The RADTRAD code can be used to estimate the containment release using either the NRC TID-14844 or NUREG-1465 source terms and assumptions, or a user-specified table. In addition, the code can account for a reduction in themore » quantity of radioactive material due to containment sprays, natural deposition, filters, and other natural and engineered safety features. The RADTRAD code uses a combination of tables and/or numerical models of source term reduction phenomena to determine the time-dependent dose at user-specified locations for a given accident scenario. The code system also provides the inventory, decay chain, and dose conversion factor tables needed for the dose calculation. The RADTRAD code can be used to assess occupational radiation exposures, typically in the control room; to estimate site boundary doses; and to estimate dose attenuation due to modification of a facility or accident sequence.« less

Speciation of volatile arsenic at geothermal features in Yellowstone National Park

USGS Publications Warehouse

Planer-Friedrich, B.; Lehr, C.; Matschullat, J.; Merkel, B.J.; Nordstrom, D. Kirk; Sandstrom, M.W.

2006-01-01

Geothermal features in the Yellowstone National Park contain up to several milligram per liter of aqueous arsenic. Part of this arsenic is volatilized and released into the atmosphere. Total volatile arsenic concentrations of 0.5-200 mg/m3 at the surface of the hot springs were found to exceed the previously assumed nanogram per cubic meter range of background concentrations by orders of magnitude. Speciation of the volatile arsenic was performed using solid-phase micro-extraction fibers with analysis by GC-MS. The arsenic species most frequently identified in the samples is (CH3)2AsCl, followed by (CH3)3As, (CH3)2AsSCH3, and CH3AsCl2 in decreasing order of frequency. This report contains the first documented occurrence of chloro- and thioarsines in a natural environment. Toxicity, mobility, and degradation products are unknown. ?? 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

ICAM (Conceptual Design for Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. Volume 2. Part 6. Task B - Establishment of the Factory of the Future Conceptual Framework Conceptual Framework Document, (MMR)

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-06-29

effort that requires hard copy documentation. As a result, there are generally numerous delays in providing current quality information. In the FoF...process have had fixed controls or were based on " hard -coded" information. A template, for example, is hard -coded information defining the shape of a...represents soft-coded control information. (Although manual handling of punch tapes still possess some of the limitations of " hard -coded" controls

Using Neural Networks to Describe Tracer Correlations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lary, D. J.; Mueller, M. D.; Mussa, H. Y.

2003-01-01

Neural networks are ideally suited to describe the spatial and temporal dependence of tracer-tracer correlations. The neural network performs well even in regions where the correlations are less compact and normally a family of correlation curves would be required. For example, the CH4-N2O correlation can be well described using a neural network trained with the latitude, pressure, time of year, and CH4 volume mixing ratio (v.m.r.). In this study a neural network using Quickprop learning and one hidden layer with eight nodes was able to reproduce the CH4-N2O correlation with a correlation co- efficient of 0.9995. Such an accurate representation of tracer-tracer correlations allows more use to be made of long-term datasets to constrain chemical models. Such as the dataset from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) which has continuously observed CH4, (but not N2O) from 1991 till the present. The neural network Fortran code used is available for download.

Electronic properties of carbon in the fcc phase.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cab, Cesar; Canto, Gabriel

2005-03-01

The observation of a new carbon phase in nanoparticles obtained from Mexican crude oil having the face-centered-cubic structure (fcc) has been reported. However, more recently has been suggested that hydrogen is present in the samples forming CH with the zincblende structure. The structural and electronic properties of C(fcc) and CH(zincblende) are unknown. In the present work we have studied the electronic structure of C(fcc) and CH(zincblende) by means of first-principles total-energy calculations. The results were obtained with the pseudopotentials LCAO method (SIESTA code) and the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) for the exchange-correlation potential. We have analyzed the band structure, the local density of states (LDOS), and orbital population. We find that in contrast to graphite and diamond, both fcc carbon and CH with the zincblende structure exhibit metallic behavior. This research was supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog'ia (Conacyt-M'exico) under Grants No. 43830-F, No. 44831-F, and No. 43828-Y.

Neotropical peatland methane emissions along a vegetation and biogeochemical gradient.

PubMed

Winton, R Scott; Flanagan, Neal; Richardson, Curtis J

2017-01-01

Tropical wetlands are thought to be the most important source of interannual variability in atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations, yet sparse data prevents them from being incorporated into Earth system models. This problem is particularly pronounced in the neotropics where bottom-up models based on water table depth are incongruent with top-down inversion models suggesting unaccounted sinks or sources of CH4. The newly documented vast areas of peatlands in the Amazon basin may account for an important unrecognized CH4 source, but the hydrologic and biogeochemical controls of CH4 dynamics from these systems remain poorly understood. We studied three zones of a peatland in Madre de Dios, Peru, to test whether CH4 emissions and pore water concentrations varied with vegetation community, soil chemistry and proximity to groundwater sources. We found that the open-canopy herbaceous zone emitted roughly one-third as much CH4 as the Mauritia flexuosa palm-dominated areas (4.7 ± 0.9 and 14.0 ± 2.4 mg CH4 m-2 h-1, respectively). Emissions decreased with distance from groundwater discharge across the three sampling sites, and tracked changes in soil carbon chemistry, especially increased soil phenolics. Based on all available data, we calculate that neotropical peatlands contribute emissions of 43 ± 11.9 Tg CH4 y-1, however this estimate is subject to geographic bias and will need revision once additional studies are published.

Automatic Certification of Kalman Filters for Reliable Code Generation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Denney, Ewen; Fischer, Bernd; Schumann, Johann; Richardson, Julian

2005-01-01

AUTOFILTER is a tool for automatically deriving Kalman filter code from high-level declarative specifications of state estimation problems. It can generate code with a range of algorithmic characteristics and for several target platforms. The tool has been designed with reliability of the generated code in mind and is able to automatically certify that the code it generates is free from various error classes. Since documentation is an important part of software assurance, AUTOFILTER can also automatically generate various human-readable documents, containing both design and safety related information. We discuss how these features address software assurance standards such as DO-178B.

The Proteus Navier-Stokes code

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Towne, Charles E.; Bui, Trong T.; Cavicchi, Richard H.; Conley, Julianne M.; Molls, Frank B.; Schwab, John R.

1992-01-01

An effort is currently underway at NASA Lewis to develop two- and three-dimensional Navier-Stokes codes, called Proteus, for aerospace propulsion applications. The emphasis in the development of Proteus is not algorithm development or research on numerical methods, but rather the development of the code itself. The objective is to develop codes that are user-oriented, easily-modified, and well-documented. Well-proven, state-of-the-art solution algorithms are being used. Code readability, documentation (both internal and external), and validation are being emphasized. This paper is a status report on the Proteus development effort. The analysis and solution procedure are described briefly, and the various features in the code are summarized. The results from some of the validation cases that have been run are presented for both the two- and three-dimensional codes.

How to Link to Official Documents from the Government Publishing Office (GPO)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The most consistent way to present up-to-date content from the Federal Register, US Code, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), and so on is to link to the official version of the document on the GPO's Federal Digital System (FDSys) website.

Rotor Performance at High Advance Ratio: Theory versus Test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harris, Franklin D.

2008-01-01

Five analytical tools have been used to study rotor performance at high advance ratio. One is representative of autogyro rotor theory in 1934 and four are representative of helicopter rotor theory in 2008. The five theories are measured against three sets of well documented, full-scale, isolated rotor performance experiments. The major finding of this study is that the decades spent by many rotorcraft theoreticians to improve prediction of basic rotor aerodynamic performance has paid off. This payoff, illustrated by comparing the CAMRAD II comprehensive code and Wheatley & Bailey theory to H-34 test data, shows that rational rotor lift to drag ratios are now predictable. The 1934 theory predicted L/D ratios as high as 15. CAMRAD II predictions compared well with H-34 test data having L/D ratios more on the order of 7 to 9. However, the detailed examination of the selected codes compared to H-34 test data indicates that not one of the codes can predict to engineering accuracy above an advance ratio of 0.62 the control positions and shaft angle of attack required for a given lift. There is no full-scale rotor performance data available for advance ratios above 1.0 and extrapolation of currently available data to advance ratios on the order of 2.0 is unreasonable despite the needs of future rotorcraft. Therefore, it is recommended that an overly strong full-scale rotor blade set be obtained and tested in a suitable wind tunnel to at least an advance ratio of 2.5. A tail rotor from a Sikorsky CH-53 or other large single rotor helicopter should be adequate for this exploratory experiment.

openQ*D simulation code for QCD+QED

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Campos, Isabel; Fritzsch, Patrick; Hansen, Martin; Krstić Marinković, Marina; Patella, Agostino; Ramos, Alberto; Tantalo, Nazario

2018-03-01

The openQ*D code for the simulation of QCD+QED with C* boundary conditions is presented. This code is based on openQCD-1.6, from which it inherits the core features that ensure its efficiency: the locally-deflated SAP-preconditioned GCR solver, the twisted-mass frequency splitting of the fermion action, the multilevel integrator, the 4th order OMF integrator, the SSE/AVX intrinsics, etc. The photon field is treated as fully dynamical and C* boundary conditions can be chosen in the spatial directions. We discuss the main features of openQ*D, and we show basic test results and performance analysis. An alpha version of this code is publicly available and can be downloaded from http://rcstar.web.cern.ch/.

Using Administrative Mental Health Indicators in Heart Failure Outcomes Research: Comparison of Clinical Records and International Classification of Disease Coding.

PubMed

Bender, Miriam; Smith, Tyler C

2016-01-01

Use of mental indication in health outcomes research is of growing interest to researchers. This study, as part of a larger research program, quantified agreement between administrative International Classification of Disease (ICD-9) coding for, and "gold standard" clinician documentation of, mental health issues (MHIs) in hospitalized heart failure (HF) patients to determine the validity of mental health administrative data for use in HF outcomes research. A 13% random sample (n = 504) was selected from all unique patients (n = 3,769) hospitalized with a primary HF diagnosis at 4 San Diego County community hospitals during 2009-2012. MHI was defined as ICD-9 discharge diagnostic coding 290-319. Records were audited for clinician documentation of MHI. A total of 43% (n = 216) had mental health clinician documentation; 33% (n = 164) had ICD-9 coding for MHI. ICD-9 code bundle 290-319 had 0.70 sensitivity, 0.97 specificity, and kappa 0.69 (95% confidence interval 0.61-0.79). More specific ICD-9 MHI code bundles had kappas ranging from 0.44 to 0.82 and sensitivities ranging from 42% to 82%. Agreement between ICD-9 coding and clinician documentation for a broadly defined MHI is substantial, and can validly "rule in" MHI for hospitalized patients with heart failure. More specific MHI code bundles had fair to almost perfect agreement, with a wide range of sensitivities for identifying patients with an MHI. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Volume I: fluidized-bed code documentation, for the period February 28, 1983-March 18, 1983

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Piperopoulou, H.; Finson, M.; Bloomfield, D.

1983-03-01

This documentation supersedes the previous documentation of the Fluidized-Bed Gasifier code. Volume I documents a simulation program of a Fluidized-Bed Gasifier (FBG), and Volume II documents a systems model of the FBG. The FBG simulation program is an updated version of the PSI/FLUBED code which is capable of modeling slugging beds and variable bed diameter. In its present form the code is set up to model a Westinghouse commercial scale gasifier. The fluidized bed gasifier model combines the classical bubbling bed description for the transport and mixing processes with PSI-generated models for coal chemistry. At the distributor plate, the bubblemore » composition is that of the inlet gas and the initial bubble size is set by the details of the distributor plate. Bubbles grow by coalescence as they rise. The bubble composition and temperature change with height due to transport to and from the cloud as well as homogeneous reactions within the bubble. The cloud composition also varies with height due to cloud/bubble exchange, cloud/emulsion, exchange, and heterogeneous coal char reactions. The emulsion phase is considered to be well mixed.« less

Air kerma calibration factors and chamber correction values for PTW soft x-ray, NACP and Roos ionization chambers at very low x-ray energies.

PubMed

Ipe, N E; Rosser, K E; Moretti, C J; Manning, J W; Palmer, M J

2001-08-01

This paper evaluates the characteristics of ionization chambers for the measurement of absorbed dose to water using very low-energy x-rays. The values of the chamber correction factor, k(ch), used in the IPEMB 1996 code of practice for the UK secondary standard ionization chambers (PTW type M23342 and PTW type M23344), the Roos (PTW type 34001) and NACP electron chambers are derived. The responses in air of the small and large soft x-ray chambers (PTW type M23342 and PTW type M23344) and the NACP and Roos electron ionization chambers were compared. Besides the soft x-ray chambers, the NACP and Roos chambers can be used for very low-energy x-ray dosimetry provided that they are used in the restricted energy range for which their response does not change by more than 5%. The chamber correction factor was found by comparing the absorbed dose to water determined using the dosimetry protocol recommended for low-energy x-rays with that for very low-energy x-rays. The overlap energy range was extended using data from Grosswendt and Knight. Chamber correction factors given in this paper are chamber dependent, varying from 1.037 to 1.066 for a PTW type M23344 chamber, which is very different from a value of unity given in the IPEMB code. However, the values of k(ch) determined in this paper agree with those given in the DIN standard within experimental uncertainty. The authors recommend that the very low-energy section of the IPEMB code is amended to include the most up-to-date values of k(ch).

Maternally Expressed Gene 3, an imprinted non-coding RNA gene, is associated with meningioma pathogenesis and progression

PubMed Central

Zhang, Xun; Gejman, Roger; Mahta, Ali; Zhong, Ying; Rice, Kimberley A.; Zhou, Yunli; Cheunsuchon, Pornsuk; Louis, David N.; Klibanski, Anne

2010-01-01

Meningiomas are common tumors, representing 15-25% of all central nervous system tumors. NF2 gene inactivation on chromosome 22 has been shown as an early event in tumorigenesis; however, few factors underlying tumor growth and progression have been identified. Chromosomal abnormalities of 14q32 are often associated with meningioma pathogenesis and progression; therefore it has been proposed that an as yet unidentified tumor suppressor is present at this locus. MEG3 is an imprinted gene located at 14q32 that encodes a non-coding RNA with an anti-proliferative function. We found that MEG3 mRNA is highly expressed in normal arachnoidal cells. However, MEG3 is not expressed in the majority of human meningiomas or the human meningioma cell lines IOMM-Lee and CH157-MN. There is a strong association between loss of MEG3 expression and tumor grade. Allelic loss at the MEG3 locus is also observed in meningiomas, with increasing prevalence in higher grade tumors. In addition, there is an increase in CpG methylation within the promoter and the imprinting control region of MEG3 gene in meningiomas. Functionally, MEG3 suppresses DNA synthesis in both IOMM-Lee and CH157-MN cells by approximately 60% in BrdU incorporation assays. Colony-forming efficiency assays show that MEG3 inhibits colony formation in CH157-MN cells by approximately 80%. Furthermore, MEG3 stimulates p53-mediated transactivation in these cell lines. Therefore, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that MEG3, which encodes a non-coding RNA, may be a tumor suppressor gene at chromosome 14q32 involved in meningioma progression via a novel mechanism. PMID:20179190

Seepage and Piping through Levees and Dikes using 2D and 3D Modeling Codes

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

by the Hydrologic Systems Branch of the Flood and Storm Protection Division (CEERD-HF), U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal ...ER D C/ CH L TR -1 6- 6 Flood & Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Program Seepage and Piping through Levees and Dikes Using 2D and 3D...Flood & Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Program ERDC/CHL TR-16-6 June 2016 Seepage and Piping through Levees and Dikes Using 2D and 3D Modeling Codes

Identification (ID) Cards for Members of the Uniformed Services, Their Dependents, and Other Eligible Individuals

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-12-30

Encl 5) Cayman Islands CJ Central African Republic CT Chad CD Chile CI China CH Christmas Island KT Clipperton Islands IP Cocos (Keeling) Islands CK...PA Puerto Rico PR Rhode Island RI South Carolina SC South Dakota SD Tennessee TN Federated States of Marshall Islands , Palau TT Texas TX Utah UT...Vermont VT Virginia VA Virgin Islands VI Washington WA West Virginia WV Wisconsin WI Wyoming WY Block 17. ZIP Code. Enter the correct nine-digit ZIP Code

Computational Fluid Dynamics Requirements at the Naval Postgraduate School.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-10-01

FIELD ANALYSIS OF WING-FUSELAGE .1?CONFIGURATION r 13. PROFILE- THE EPPLER PROGRAM FOR THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF LOW-SPEED AIRFOILS 14. AERODYNAMIC...POSTORRDUATE SCHOOL(U) VI IJE UNIV MAUSSELS (ELGIUM) C HIRSCH 61 OCT 96 NPS-67-S6-007CR M62271-06-M-0242 UNCLSSIFIED F/0 26/4 NE"I ChE’i...codes Under this group ons can list the codes KELLER BOX METHOD FOR BOUNDARY LAYERS VISCID-INVISCID INTERACTION ON AIRFOIL FLOW OVER WING-BODY JUNCTION

IEEE International Symposium Information Theory, held at Santa Monica California, February 9-12, 1981.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-01-01

Channel and study permutation codes as a special case. ,uch a code is generated by an initial vector x, a group G of orthogonal n by n matrices, and a...random-access components, is introduced and studied . Under this scheme, the network stations are divided into groups , each of which is assigned a...IEEE INFORMATION THEORY GROUP CO-SPONSORED BY: UNION RADIO SCIENTIFIQUE INTERNATIONALE IEEE Catalog Number 81 CH 1609-7 IT 𔃻. 81 ~20 04Q SECURITY

PWMScan: a fast tool for scanning entire genomes with a position-specific weight matrix.

PubMed

Ambrosini, Giovanna; Groux, Romain; Bucher, Philipp

2018-03-05

Transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression by binding to specific short DNA sequences of 5 to 20-bp to regulate the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA. We present PWMScan, a fast web-based tool to scan server-resident genomes for matches to a user-supplied PWM or TF binding site model from a public database. The web server and source code are available at http://ccg.vital-it.ch/pwmscan and https://sourceforge.net/projects/pwmscan, respectively. giovanna.ambrosini@epfl.ch. SUPPLEMENTARY DATA ARE AVAILABLE AT BIOINFORMATICS ONLINE.

State-level Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for Electricity Generation, Updated 2002

EIA Publications

2002-01-01

This report documents the preparation of updated state-level electricity coefficients for carbon dioxide (CO ), methane (CH ), and nitrous oxide (NO), which represent a three-year weighted average for 1998-2000.

The Library Systems Act and Rules for Administering the Library Systems Act.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Texas State Library, Austin. Library Development Div.

This document contains the Texas Library Systems Act and rules for administering the Library Systems Act. Specifically, it includes the following documents: Texas Library Systems Act; Summary of Codes;Texas Administrative Code: Service Complaints and Protest Procedure; Criteria For Texas Library System Membership; and Certification Requirements…

Structure and Rotational Dynamics of Isoamyl Acetate and Methyl Propionate Studied by Microwave Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stahl, W.; Nguyen, H. V. L.; Sutikdja, L. W.; Jelisavac, D.; Mouhib, H.; Kleiner, I.

2012-06-01

The microwave spectra of a number of organic aliphatic esters have been recorded for the first time in the 3-26.5 GHz frequency range, using the molecular beam Fourier-transform microwave (MB-FTMW) spectrometer in Aachen, with an instrumental uncertainty of a few kHz for unblended lines. The combined use of ab initio quantum chemical calculations and spectral analysis allowed us to determine the spectroscopic parameters and potential barriers to internal rotation of the methyl groups for the lowest energy conformers. We will compare here the results from ab initio calculations and from two different hamiltonian methods (the XIAM and BELGI codes) for isoamyl acetate H3C-COO-(CH2)2-CH(CH3)2, an one-top internal rotor molecule with a C1 symmetry and for methyl propionate CH3CH2COOCH3 containing two inequivalent methyl tops (C3v), with different barrier heights. This study is part of a larger project which aims at determining the structures of the lowest energy conformers for a serie of organic esters and ketones which are of interest for flavour or perfume applications.

Liver failure in total artificial heart therapy.

PubMed

Dimitriou, Alexandros Merkourios; Dapunt, Otto; Knez, Igor; Wasler, Andrae; Oberwalder, Peter; Koerfer, Reiner; Tenderich, Gero; Spiliopoulos, Sotirios

2016-07-01

Congestive hepatopathy (CH) and acute liver failure (ALF) are common among biventricular heart failure patients. We sought to evaluate the impact of total artificial heart (TAH) therapy on hepatic function and associated clinical outcomes. A total of 31 patients received a Syncardia Total Artificial Heart. Preoperatively 17 patients exhibited normal liver function or mild hepatic derangements that were clinically insignificant and did not qualify as acute or chronic liver failure, 5 patients exhibited ALF and 9 various hepatic derangements owing to CH. Liver associated mortality and postoperative course of liver values were prospectively documented and retrospectively analyzed. Liver associated mortality in normal liver function, ALF and CH cases was 0%, 20% (P=0.03) and 44.4% (P=0.0008) respectively. 1/17 (5.8%) patients with a normal liver function developed an ALF, 4/5 (80%) patients with an ALF experienced a markedly improvement of hepatic function and 6/9 (66.6%) patients with CH a significant deterioration. TAH therapy results in recovery of hepatic function in ALF cases. Patients with CH prior to surgery form a high risk group with increased liver associated mortality.

Static impedance behavior of programmable metallization cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rajabi, S.; Saremi, M.; Barnaby, H. J.; Edwards, A.; Kozicki, M. N.; Mitkova, M.; Mahalanabis, D.; Gonzalez-Velo, Y.; Mahmud, A.

2015-04-01

Programmable metallization cell (PMC) devices work by growing and dissolving a conducting metallic bridge across a chalcogenide glass (ChG) solid electrolyte, which changes the resistance of the cell. PMC operation relies on the incorporation of metal ions in the ChG films via photo-doping to lower the off-state resistance and stabilize resistive switching, and subsequent transport of these ions by electric fields induced from an externally applied bias. In this paper, the static on- and off-state resistance of a PMC device composed of a layered (Ag-rich/Ag-poor) Ge30Se70 ChG film with active Ag and inert Ni electrodes is characterized and modeled using three dimensional simulation code. Calibrating the model to experimental data enables the extraction of device parameters such as material bandgaps, workfunctions, density of states, carrier mobilities, dielectric constants, and affinities.

Department of Interior Semiannual Regulatory Agenda

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-26

... INTERIOR (DOI) DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Office of the Secretary 25 CFR Ch. I 30 CFR Chs. II and VII 36... Plugging and Platform Decommissioning 1010-AD61 Department of the Interior (DOI) Final Rule Stage United...-AX19 BILLING CODE 4310--55--S [[Page 21817

Synthetic phytochelatin surface display in Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 for enhanced metals bioremediation.

PubMed

Biondo, Ronaldo; da Silva, Felipe Almeida; Vicente, Elisabete José; Souza Sarkis, Jorge Eduardo; Schenberg, Ana Clara Guerrini

2012-08-07

This work describes the effects of the cell surface display of a synthetic phytochelatin in the highly metal tolerant bacterium Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34. The EC20sp synthetic phytochelatin gene was fused between the coding sequences of the signal peptide (SS) and of the autotransporter β-domain of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae IgA protease precursor (IgAβ), which successfully targeted the hybrid protein toward the C. metallidurans outer membrane. The expression of the SS-EC20sp-IgAβ gene fusion was driven by a modified version of the Bacillus subtilis mrgA promoter showing high level basal gene expression that is further enhanced by metal presence in C. metallidurans. The recombinant strain showed increased ability to immobilize Pb(2+), Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Cd(2+), Mn(2+), and Ni(2+) ions from the external medium when compared to the control strain. To ensure plasmid stability and biological containment, the MOB region of the plasmid was replaced by the E. coli hok/sok coding sequence.

TFaNS Tone Fan Noise Design/Prediction System. Volume 1; System Description, CUP3D Technical Documentation and Manual for Code Developers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Topol, David A.

1999-01-01

TFaNS is the Tone Fan Noise Design/Prediction System developed by Pratt & Whitney under contract to NASA Lewis (presently NASA Glenn). The purpose of this system is to predict tone noise emanating from a fan stage including the effects of reflection and transmission by the rotor and stator and by the duct inlet and nozzle. These effects have been added to an existing annular duct/isolated stator noise prediction capability. TFaNS consists of: The codes that compute the acoustic properties (reflection and transmission coefficients) of the various elements and write them to files. Cup3D: Fan Noise Coupling Code that reads these files, solves the coupling problem, and outputs the desired noise predictions. AWAKEN: CFD/Measured Wake Postprocessor which reformats CFD wake predictions and/or measured wake data so it can be used by the system. This volume of the report provides technical background for TFaNS including the organization of the system and CUP3D technical documentation. This document also provides information for code developers who must write Acoustic Property Files in the CUP3D format. This report is divided into three volumes: Volume I: System Description, CUP3D Technical Documentation, and Manual for Code Developers; Volume II: User's Manual, TFaNS Vers. 1.4; Volume III: Evaluation of System Codes.

The Nuremberg Code-A critique.

PubMed

Ghooi, Ravindra B

2011-04-01

The Nuremberg Code drafted at the end of the Doctor's trial in Nuremberg 1947 has been hailed as a landmark document in medical and research ethics. Close examination of this code reveals that it was based on the Guidelines for Human Experimentation of 1931. The resemblance between these documents is uncanny. It is unfortunate that the authors of the Nuremberg Code passed it off as their original work. There is evidence that the defendants at the trial did request that their actions be judged on the basis of the 1931 Guidelines, in force in Germany. The prosecutors, however, ignored the request and tried the defendants for crimes against humanity, and the judges included the Nuremberg Code as a part of the judgment. Six of ten principles in Nuremberg Code are derived from the 1931 Guidelines, and two of four newly inserted principles are open to misinterpretation. There is little doubt that the Code was prepared after studying the Guidelines, but no reference was made to the Guidelines, for reasons that are not known. Using the Guidelines as a base document without giving due credit is plagiarism; as per our understanding of ethics today, this would be considered unethical. The Nuremberg Code has fallen by the wayside; since unlike the Declaration of Helsinki, it is not regularly reviewed and updated. The regular updating of some ethics codes is evidence of the evolving nature of human ethics.

Color-Coded Labels Cued Nurses to Adhere to Central Line Connector Change.

PubMed

Morrison, Theresa Lynch; Laney, Christina; Foglesong, Jan; Brennaman, Laura

2016-01-01

This study examined nurses' adherence to policies regarding needleless connector changes using a novel, day-of-the-week, color-coded label compared with usual care that relied on electronic medical record (EMR) documentation. This was a prospective, comparative study. The study was performed on 4 medical-surgical units in a seasonally fluctuating, 715-bed healthcare system composed of 2 community hospitals. Convenience sample was composed of adults with central lines hospitalized for 4 or more days. At 4-day intervals, investigators observed bedside label use and EMR needleless connector change documentation. Control patients received standard care-needleless connector change with associated documentation in the EMR. Intervention patients, in addition to standard care, had a day-of-the-week, color-coded label placed on each needleless connector. To account for clustering within unit, multinomial logistic regression models using survey sampling methodology were used to conduct Wald χ tests. A multinominal odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) provided an estimate of using labels that were provided on units relative to usual care documentation of needleless connector change in the EMR. In 335 central line observations, the units with labels (n = 205) had a 321% increase rate of documentation of needleless connector change in the EMR (odds ratio, 4.21; 95% CI, 1.76-10.10; P = .003) compared with the usual care control patients. For units with labels, when labels were present, placement of labels on needleless connectors increased the odds that nurses documented connector changes per policy (4.72; 95% CI, 2.02, 10.98; P = .003). Day-of-the-week, color-coded labels cued nurses to document central line needleless connector change in the EMR, which increased adherence to the needleless connector change policy. Providing day-of-the-week, color-coded needleless connector labels increased EMR documentation of timely needleless connector changes. Timely needleless connector changes may lower the incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infection.

Provisional Coding Practices: Are They Really a Waste of Time?

PubMed

Krypuy, Matthew; McCormack, Lena

2006-11-01

In order to facilitate effective clinical coding and hence the precise financial reimbursement of acute services, in 2005 Western District Health Service (WDHS) (located in regional Victoria, Australia) undertook a provisional coding trial for inpatient medical episodes to determine the magnitude and accuracy of clinical documentation. Utilising clinical coding software installed on a laptop computer, provisional coding was undertaken for all current overnight inpatient episodes under each physician one day prior to attending their daily ward round. The provisionally coded episodes were re-coded upon the completion of the discharge summary and the final Diagnostic Related Group (DRG) allocation and weight were compared to the provisional DRG assignment. A total of 54 out of 220 inpatient medical episodes were provisionally coded. This represented approximately a 25% cross section of the population selected for observation. Approximately 67.6% of the provisionally allocated DRGs were accurate in contrast to 32.4% which were subject to change once the discharge summary was completed. The DRG changes were primarily due to: disease progression of a patient during their care episode which could not be identified by clinical coding staff due to discharge prior to the following scheduled ward round; the discharge destination of particular patients; and the accuracy of clinical documentation on the discharge summary. The information gathered from the provisional coding trial supported the hypothesis that clinical documentation standards were sufficient and adequate to support precise clinical coding and DRG assignment at WDHS. The trial further highlighted the importance of a complete and accurate discharge summary available during the coding process of acute inpatient episodes.

Neotropical peatland methane emissions along a vegetation and biogeochemical gradient

PubMed Central

Flanagan, Neal; Richardson, Curtis J.

2017-01-01

Tropical wetlands are thought to be the most important source of interannual variability in atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations, yet sparse data prevents them from being incorporated into Earth system models. This problem is particularly pronounced in the neotropics where bottom-up models based on water table depth are incongruent with top-down inversion models suggesting unaccounted sinks or sources of CH4. The newly documented vast areas of peatlands in the Amazon basin may account for an important unrecognized CH4 source, but the hydrologic and biogeochemical controls of CH4 dynamics from these systems remain poorly understood. We studied three zones of a peatland in Madre de Dios, Peru, to test whether CH4 emissions and pore water concentrations varied with vegetation community, soil chemistry and proximity to groundwater sources. We found that the open-canopy herbaceous zone emitted roughly one-third as much CH4 as the Mauritia flexuosa palm-dominated areas (4.7 ± 0.9 and 14.0 ± 2.4 mg CH4 m-2 h-1, respectively). Emissions decreased with distance from groundwater discharge across the three sampling sites, and tracked changes in soil carbon chemistry, especially increased soil phenolics. Based on all available data, we calculate that neotropical peatlands contribute emissions of 43 ± 11.9 Tg CH4 y-1, however this estimate is subject to geographic bias and will need revision once additional studies are published. PMID:29053738

Effects of paddy rice agriculture on the seasonal dynamics of atmospheric methane concentration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, G.; Xiao, X.; Dong, J.; Zhang, Y.; Xin, F.; Zhou, Y.; Wang, J.; Wu, X.; Moore, B., III

2017-12-01

Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas (GHG) and may account for 20 % of anticipated global warming. The atmospheric CH4 concentration was nearly constant from 1999 to 2006, following with a strong growth resumed since 2007. Previous study attributed the increase in CH4 to agriculture. Specifically, paddy rice agriculture is a significant source of CH4, but large uncertainty still exists on methane emission estimates from rice paddies, largely due to lack of detailed geospatial datasets of rice paddies. In this study, based on a pixel- and phenology-based image analysis system with multi-temporal MODIS imagery (MODIS-RICE), we generated the paddy rice map in 2005 to document the spatiotemporal pattern of paddy rice dynamics in Monsoon Asia, which accounts for more than 90% of the global rice production. Furthermore, we examined the effects of paddy rice agriculture on atmospheric CH4 concentration over Monsoon Asia, by comparing atmospheric CH4 concentration data from SCIAMACHY sensor and the paddy rice maps in 2005. We found a significant spatial consistency between spatial patterns of paddy rice and atmospheric CH4 concentration. Based on the high resolution paddy rice map, different seasonal dynamics of CH4 concentration, including single, double to triple peaks, were found based on the rice paddy distribution information. That suggests paddy rice agriculture contributes substantially to the spatial and seasonal pattern of atmospheric CH4 concentration in Monsoon Asia. This study provides satellite evidence for seasonal cycle of CH4 dynamics at regional scale, and suggests that shifting regime of paddy rice agriculture and cropping intensity could affect the seasonal dynamics and spatial pattern of atmospheric methane concentration.

SCALE: A modular code system for performing standardized computer analyses for licensing evaluation. Functional modules F1--F8 -- Volume 2, Part 1, Revision 4

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Greene, N.M.; Petrie, L.M.; Westfall, R.M.

SCALE--a modular code system for Standardized Computer Analyses Licensing Evaluation--has been developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory at the request of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The SCALE system utilizes well-established computer codes and methods within standard analysis sequences that (1) allow an input format designed for the occasional user and/or novice, (2) automate the data processing and coupling between modules, and (3) provide accurate and reliable results. System development has been directed at problem-dependent cross-section processing and analysis of criticality safety, shielding, heat transfer, and depletion/decay problems. Since the initial release of SCALE in 1980, the code system hasmore » been heavily used for evaluation of nuclear fuel facility and package designs. This revision documents Version 4.2 of the system. The manual is divided into three volumes: Volume 1--for the control module documentation; Volume 2--for functional module documentation; and Volume 3--for documentation of the data libraries and subroutine libraries.« less

A Strategy for Reusing the Data of Electronic Medical Record Systems for Clinical Research.

PubMed

Matsumura, Yasushi; Hattori, Atsushi; Manabe, Shiro; Tsuda, Tsutomu; Takeda, Toshihiro; Okada, Katsuki; Murata, Taizo; Mihara, Naoki

2016-01-01

There is a great need to reuse data stored in electronic medical records (EMR) databases for clinical research. We previously reported the development of a system in which progress notes and case report forms (CRFs) were simultaneously recorded using a template in the EMR in order to exclude redundant data entry. To make the data collection process more efficient, we are developing a system in which the data originally stored in the EMR database can be populated within a frame in a template. We developed interface plugin modules that retrieve data from the databases of other EMR applications. A universal keyword written in a template master is converted to a local code using a data conversion table, then the objective data is retrieved from the corresponding database. The template element data, which are entered by a template, are stored in the template element database. To retrieve the data entered by other templates, the objective data is designated by the template element code with the template code, or by the concept code if it is written for the element. When the application systems in the EMR generate documents, they also generate a PDF file and a corresponding document profile XML, which includes important data, and send them to the document archive server and the data sharing saver, respectively. In the data sharing server, the data are represented by an item with an item code with a document class code and its value. By linking a concept code to an item identifier, an objective data can be retrieved by designating a concept code. We employed a flexible strategy in which a unique identifier for a hospital is initially attached to all of the data that the hospital generates. The identifier is secondarily linked with concept codes. The data that are not linked with a concept code can also be retrieved using the unique identifier of the hospital. This strategy makes it possible to reuse any of a hospital's data.

Building a Better Ace: Restructuring The Marine Expeditionary Unit’s Air Combat Elements in the MV-22 ERA

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

FROM, ABSTRACTION FROM, OR REPRODUCTION OF ALL OR ANY PART OF THIS DOCUMENT IS PERMITTED PROVIDED PROPER ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IS MADE. 1 Executive Summary...aft slash) typically reserved for two CH-53E Super Stallions and all six AV-8B Harriers, and a forward aircraft staging area (forward slash). The...Ospreys, with detachments of four CH-53Es Super Stallions , four AH-lW Cobras, two UH-IN Hueys, and six AV-8B Harriers. This configuration can be

Effects of preconditioning the rhizosphere of different plant species on biotic methane oxidation kinetics.

PubMed

Ndanga, Éliane M; Lopera, Carolina B; Bradley, Robert L; Cabral, Alexandre R

2016-09-01

The rhizosphere is known as the most active biogeochemical layer of the soil. Therefore, it could be a beneficial environment for biotic methane oxidation. The aim of this study was to document - by means of batch incubation tests - the kinetics of CH4 oxidation in rhizosphere soils that were previously exposed to methane. Soils from three pre-exposure to CH4 zones were sampled: the never-before pre-exposed (NEX), the moderately pre-exposed (MEX) and the very pre-exposed (VEX). For each pre-exposure zone, the rhizosphere of several plant species was collected, pre-incubated, placed in glass vials and submitted to CH4 concentrations varying from 0.5% to 10%. The time to the beginning of CH4 consumption and the CH4 oxidation rate were recorded. The results showed that the fastest CH4 consumption occurred for the very pre-exposed rhizosphere. Specifically, a statistically significant difference in CH4 oxidation half-life was found between the rhizosphere of the VEX vegetated with a mixture of different plants and the NEX vegetated with ryegrass. This difference was attributed to the combined effect of the preconditioning level and plant species as well as to the organic matter content. Regardless of the preconditioning level, the oxidation rate values obtained in this study were comparable to those reported in the reviewed literature for mature compost. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

50 CFR Appendix A to Chapter I - Codes for the Representation of Names of Countries (Established by the International Organization...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (CONTINUED) Ch.... Israel IL. Italy IT. Ivory Coast CI. Jamaica JM. Japan JP. Jordan JO. Kenya KE. Kiribati KI. Kuwait KW...

50 CFR Appendix A to Chapter I - Codes for the Representation of Names of Countries (Established by the International Organization...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (CONTINUED) Ch.... Israel IL. Italy IT. Ivory Coast CI. Jamaica JM. Japan JP. Jordan JO. Kenya KE. Kiribati KI. Kuwait KW...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yoo, Jun Soo; Choi, Yong Joon

The RELAP-7 code verification and validation activities are ongoing under the code assessment plan proposed in the previous document (INL-EXT-16-40015). Among the list of V&V test problems in the ‘RELAP-7 code V&V RTM (Requirements Traceability Matrix)’, the RELAP-7 7-equation model has been tested with additional demonstration problems and the results of these tests are reported in this document. In this report, we describe the testing process, the test cases that were conducted, and the results of the evaluation.

The SIFT hardware/software systems. Volume 2: Software listings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Palumbo, Daniel L.

1985-01-01

This document contains software listings of the SIFT operating system and application software. The software is coded for the most part in a variant of the Pascal language, Pascal*. Pascal* is a cross-compiler running on the VAX and Eclipse computers. The output of Pascal* is BDX-390 assembler code. When necessary, modules are written directly in BDX-390 assembler code. The listings in this document supplement the description of the SIFT system found in Volume 1 of this report, A Detailed Description.

Documentation of the GLAS fourth order general calculation model. Volume 3: Vectorized code for the Cyber 205

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kalnay, E.; Balgovind, R.; Chao, W.; Edelmann, D.; Pfaendtner, J.; Takacs, L.; Takano, K.

1983-01-01

Volume 3 of a 3-volume technical memoranda which contains documentation of the GLAS fourth order genera circulation model is presented. The volume contains the CYBER 205 scalar and vector codes of the model, list of variables, and cross references. A dictionary of FORTRAN variables used in the Scalar Version, and listings of the FORTRAN Code compiled with the C-option, are included. Cross reference maps of local variables are included for each subroutine.

Lean coding machine. Facilities target productivity and job satisfaction with coding automation.

PubMed

Rollins, Genna

2010-07-01

Facilities are turning to coding automation to help manage the volume of electronic documentation, streamlining workflow, boosting productivity, and increasing job satisfaction. As EHR adoption increases, computer-assisted coding may become a necessity, not an option.

76 FR 11191 - Hazardous Materials: Adoption of ASME Code Section XII and the National Board Inspection Code

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-01

... parts of the National Board Inspection Code at http://www.nationalboard.org . DATES: The comment period... edition of the National Board Inspection Code for public review at www.nationalboard.org . Both documents...

BinQuasi: a peak detection method for ChIP-sequencing data with biological replicates.

PubMed

Goren, Emily; Liu, Peng; Wang, Chao; Wang, Chong

2018-04-19

ChIP-seq experiments that are aimed at detecting DNA-protein interactions require biological replication to draw inferential conclusions, however there is no current consensus on how to analyze ChIP-seq data with biological replicates. Very few methodologies exist for the joint analysis of replicated ChIP-seq data, with approaches ranging from combining the results of analyzing replicates individually to joint modeling of all replicates. Combining the results of individual replicates analyzed separately can lead to reduced peak classification performance compared to joint modeling. Currently available methods for joint analysis may fail to control the false discovery rate at the nominal level. We propose BinQuasi, a peak caller for replicated ChIP-seq data, that jointly models biological replicates using a generalized linear model framework and employs a one-sided quasi-likelihood ratio test to detect peaks. When applied to simulated data and real datasets, BinQuasi performs favorably compared to existing methods, including better control of false discovery rate than existing joint modeling approaches. BinQuasi offers a flexible approach to joint modeling of replicated ChIP-seq data which is preferable to combining the results of replicates analyzed individually. Source code is freely available for download at https://cran.r-project.org/package=BinQuasi, implemented in R. pliu@iastate.edu or egoren@iastate.edu. Supplementary material is available at Bioinformatics online.

Dissociative recombination and electron-impact de-excitation in CH photon emission under ITER divertor-relevant plasma conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Swaaij, G. A.; Bystrov, K.; Borodin, D.; Kirschner, A.; van der Vegt, L. B.; van Rooij, G. J.; De Temmerman, G.; Goedheer, W. J.

2012-09-01

For understanding carbon erosion and redeposition in nuclear fusion devices, it is important to understand the transport and chemical break-up of hydrocarbon molecules in edge plasmas, often diagnosed by emission of the CH A 2Δ-X 2Π Gerö band around 430 nm. The CH A-level can be excited either by electron-impact (EI) or by dissociative recombination (DR) of hydrocarbon ions. These processes were included in the 3D Monte Carlo impurity transport code ERO. A series of methane injection experiments was performed in the high-density, low-temperature linear plasma generator Pilot-PSI, and simulated emission intensity profiles were benchmarked against these experiments. It was confirmed that excitation by DR dominates at Te < 1.5 eV. The results indicate that the fraction of DR events that lead to a CH radical in the A-level and consequent photon emission is at least 10%. Additionally, quenching of the excited CH radicals by EI de-excitation was included in the modeling. This quenching is shown to be significant: depending on the electron density, it reduces the effective CH emission by a factor of 1.4 at ne = 1.3 × 1020 m-3, to 2.8 at ne = 9.3 × 1020 m-3. Its inclusion significantly improved agreement between experiment and modeling.

TRIAD VIII: Nationwide Multicenter Evaluation to Determine Whether Patient Video Testimonials Can Safely Help Ensure Appropriate Critical Versus End-of-Life Care.

PubMed

Mirarchi, Ferdinando L; Cooney, Timothy E; Venkat, Arvind; Wang, David; Pope, Thaddeus M; Fant, Abra L; Terman, Stanley A; Klauer, Kevin M; Williams-Murphy, Monica; Gisondi, Michael A; Clemency, Brian; Doshi, Ankur A; Siegel, Mari; Kraemer, Mary S; Aberger, Kate; Harman, Stephanie; Ahuja, Neera; Carlson, Jestin N; Milliron, Melody L; Hart, Kristopher K; Gilbertson, Chelsey D; Wilson, Jason W; Mueller, Larissa; Brown, Lori; Gordon, Bradley D

2017-06-01

End-of-life interventions should be predicated on consensus understanding of patient wishes. Written documents are not always understood; adding a video testimonial/message (VM) might improve clarity. Goals of this study were to (1) determine baseline rates of consensus in assigning code status and resuscitation decisions in critically ill scenarios and (2) determine whether adding a VM increases consensus. We randomly assigned 2 web-based survey links to 1366 faculty and resident physicians at institutions with graduate medical education programs in emergency medicine, family practice, and internal medicine. Each survey asked for code status interpretation of stand-alone Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) and living will (LW) documents in 9 scenarios. Respondents assigned code status and resuscitation decisions to each scenario. For 1 of 2 surveys, a VM was included to help clarify patient wishes. Response rate was 54%, and most were male emergency physicians who lacked formal advanced planning document interpretation training. Consensus was not achievable for stand-alone POLST or LW documents (68%-78% noted "DNR"). Two of 9 scenarios attained consensus for code status (97%-98% responses) and treatment decisions (96%-99%). Adding a VM significantly changed code status responses by 9% to 62% (P ≤ 0.026) in 7 of 9 scenarios with 4 achieving consensus. Resuscitation responses changed by 7% to 57% (P ≤ 0.005) with 4 of 9 achieving consensus with VMs. For most scenarios, consensus was not attained for code status and resuscitation decisions with stand-alone LW and POLST documents. Adding VMs produced significant impacts toward achieving interpretive consensus.

Patterns of chasmogamy and cleistogamy, a mixed-mating strategy in an endangered perennial.

PubMed

Koontz, Stephanie M; Weekley, Carl W; Haller Crate, Sarah J; Menges, Eric S

2017-11-01

Cleistogamy (CL) in angiosperms historically has been understudied; however, its co-occurrence with chasmogamy (CH) across many plant species suggests a fitness advantage to maintaining this mixed-mating strategy. Maintenance of mixed-mating has been attributed to reproductive assurance, resource allocation or genetic trade-offs. Our goals were to explore patterns of CH and CL, quantify reproductive contributions measured by fruit production and determine how CL is maintained in the endangered perennial Polygala lewtonii. This species exhibits CH and both above-ground cleistogamy (CL-AG) and below-ground cleistogamy (CL-BG). In monthly censuses from 2008 to 2012, we documented flowering patterns by counting CH flowering stems, CL-AG fruits and CL-BG rhizomes per plant. Monitoring of buds on CH flowering stems in 2004 provided an estimate of CH fruits per plant. Plant excavations in 2005 of CL-BG rhizomes provided an estimate of CL-BG fruits per plant. Floral morphs were temporally separated with CH flowers observed from January to May and CL flowers from June to February. Overall, 17.5 % of plants flowered; most plants expressed CH first in spring months (63.4 %) and the rest initiated CL-AG in fall months. Reproductive output was dominated by CH (median 26 fruits) compared to combined CL (median 3.5 fruits). Annual reproductive effort of CL-AG was positively correlated with plant age while CH had no relation. Our research shows CH as the dominant form of reproductive effort with most individuals expressing CH and through greater reproductive contributions. CL appears limited by plant size or resources based on the positive relationship with plant age. CL dependency on resource availability is common in other species found in dry or low-quality habitats; however, CL contributions in this species are comparatively low. This raises more questions related to energy requirements of both floral morphs, how this affects the production of viable progeny and why CL persists.

A Semantic Analysis Method for Scientific and Engineering Code

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stewart, Mark E. M.

1998-01-01

This paper develops a procedure to statically analyze aspects of the meaning or semantics of scientific and engineering code. The analysis involves adding semantic declarations to a user's code and parsing this semantic knowledge with the original code using multiple expert parsers. These semantic parsers are designed to recognize formulae in different disciplines including physical and mathematical formulae and geometrical position in a numerical scheme. In practice, a user would submit code with semantic declarations of primitive variables to the analysis procedure, and its semantic parsers would automatically recognize and document some static, semantic concepts and locate some program semantic errors. A prototype implementation of this analysis procedure is demonstrated. Further, the relationship between the fundamental algebraic manipulations of equations and the parsing of expressions is explained. This ability to locate some semantic errors and document semantic concepts in scientific and engineering code should reduce the time, risk, and effort of developing and using these codes.

A proto-code of ethics and conduct for European nurse directors.

PubMed

Stievano, Alessandro; De Marinis, Maria Grazia; Kelly, Denise; Filkins, Jacqueline; Meyenburg-Altwarg, Iris; Petrangeli, Mauro; Tschudin, Verena

2012-03-01

The proto-code of ethics and conduct for European nurse directors was developed as a strategic and dynamic document for nurse managers in Europe. It invites critical dialogue, reflective thinking about different situations, and the development of specific codes of ethics and conduct by nursing associations in different countries. The term proto-code is used for this document so that specifically country-orientated or organization-based and practical codes can be developed from it to guide professionals in more particular or situation-explicit reflection and values. The proto-code of ethics and conduct for European nurse directors was designed and developed by the European Nurse Directors Association's (ENDA) advisory team. This article gives short explanations of the code' s preamble and two main parts: Nurse directors' ethical basis, and Principles of professional practice, which is divided into six specific points: competence, care, safety, staff, life-long learning and multi-sectorial working.

CASL Verification and Validation Plan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mousseau, Vincent Andrew; Dinh, Nam

2016-06-30

This report documents the Consortium for Advanced Simulation of LWRs (CASL) verification and validation plan. The document builds upon input from CASL subject matter experts, most notably the CASL Challenge Problem Product Integrators, CASL Focus Area leaders, and CASL code development and assessment teams. This document will be a living document that will track progress on CASL to do verification and validation for both the CASL codes (including MPACT, CTF, BISON, MAMBA) and for the CASL challenge problems (CIPS, PCI, DNB). The CASL codes and the CASL challenge problems are at differing levels of maturity with respect to validation andmore » verification. The gap analysis will summarize additional work that needs to be done. Additional VVUQ work will be done as resources permit. This report is prepared for the Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) CASL program in support of milestone CASL.P13.02.« less

Formaldehyde activation factor, tetrahydromethanopterin, a coenzyme of methanogenesis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Escalante-Semerena, J.C.; Leigh, J.A.; Rinehart, K.L. Jr.

1984-04-01

An oxygen-labile formaldehyde activation factor (FAF) was isolated in highly purified form by use of anoxic fractionation procedures. The molecular weight of FAF was determined to be 776 and that of methanopterin (MPT) 772 by fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry (FABMS). High-resolution FABMS measurements on MPT and FAF indicated molecular formulas of C/sub 30/H/sub 41/N/sub 6/O/sub 16/P and C/sub 30/H/sub 45/N/sub 6/O/sub 16/P, respectively. The presence of phosphorus was confirmed by 100-MHz /sup 31/P NMR. The 360-MHz /sup 1/H NMR spectrum of FAF in deuterium oxide was similar to that of MPT. A functional relationship between MPT and FAF was documented; bothmore » compounds stimulated the reductive demethylation of 2-(methylthio)ethanesulfonic acid (CH/sub 3/-S-CoM) to CH/sub 4/ when formaldehyde oxidation provided a source of electrons, and FAF replaced MPT in the CH/sub 3/-S-CoM-stimulated conversion of CO/sub 2/ to CH/sub 4/ under H/sub 2/ (the RPG effect). MPT was enzymically converted to FAF during the reduction of CH/sub 3/-S-CoM, and HCHO to CH/sub 4/ under H/sub 2/. Evidence indicates that FAF is tetrahydromethanopterin. 14 references, 8 figures.« less

FORTRAN Automated Code Evaluation System (faces) system documentation, version 2, mod 0. [error detection codes/user manuals (computer programs)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

A system is presented which processes FORTRAN based software systems to surface potential problems before they become execution malfunctions. The system complements the diagnostic capabilities of compilers, loaders, and execution monitors rather than duplicating these functions. Also, it emphasizes frequent sources of FORTRAN problems which require inordinate manual effort to identify. The principle value of the system is extracting small sections of unusual code from the bulk of normal sequences. Code structures likely to cause immediate or future problems are brought to the user's attention. These messages stimulate timely corrective action of solid errors and promote identification of 'tricky' code. Corrective action may require recoding or simply extending software documentation to explain the unusual technique.

Education and Training: Springboard or Hurdle?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walsh, M.

1987-01-01

A survey of 19 British companies documented their use of education and training programs. Questions covered such areas as (1) expenditure rates, (2) strategy and policies, (3) appraisal and budgeting, and (4) accounting practice. Problems and potential changes were solicited. (CH)

User Instructions for the Systems Assessment Capability, Rev. 1, Computer Codes Volume 3: Utility Codes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Eslinger, Paul W.; Aaberg, Rosanne L.; Lopresti, Charles A.

2004-09-14

This document contains detailed user instructions for a suite of utility codes developed for Rev. 1 of the Systems Assessment Capability. The suite of computer codes for Rev. 1 of Systems Assessment Capability performs many functions.

The Nuremberg Code–A critique

PubMed Central

Ghooi, Ravindra B.

2011-01-01

The Nuremberg Code drafted at the end of the Doctor’s trial in Nuremberg 1947 has been hailed as a landmark document in medical and research ethics. Close examination of this code reveals that it was based on the Guidelines for Human Experimentation of 1931. The resemblance between these documents is uncanny. It is unfortunate that the authors of the Nuremberg Code passed it off as their original work. There is evidence that the defendants at the trial did request that their actions be judged on the basis of the 1931 Guidelines, in force in Germany. The prosecutors, however, ignored the request and tried the defendants for crimes against humanity, and the judges included the Nuremberg Code as a part of the judgment. Six of ten principles in Nuremberg Code are derived from the 1931 Guidelines, and two of four newly inserted principles are open to misinterpretation. There is little doubt that the Code was prepared after studying the Guidelines, but no reference was made to the Guidelines, for reasons that are not known. Using the Guidelines as a base document without giving due credit is plagiarism; as per our understanding of ethics today, this would be considered unethical. The Nuremberg Code has fallen by the wayside; since unlike the Declaration of Helsinki, it is not regularly reviewed and updated. The regular updating of some ethics codes is evidence of the evolving nature of human ethics. PMID:21731859

GSE, data management system programmers/User' manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schlagheck, R. A.; Dolerhie, B. D., Jr.; Ghiglieri, F. J.

1974-01-01

The GSE data management system is a computerized program which provides for a central storage source for key data associated with the mechanical ground support equipment (MGSE). Eight major sort modes can be requested by the user. Attributes that are printed automatically with each sort include the GSE end item number, description, class code, functional code, fluid media, use location, design responsibility, weight, cost, quantity, dimensions, and applicable documents. Multiple subsorts are available for the class code, functional code, fluid media, use location, design responsibility, and applicable document categories. These sorts and how to use them are described. The program and GSE data bank may be easily updated and expanded.

Functional Equivalence Acceptance Testing of FUN3D for Entry Descent and Landing Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gnoffo, Peter A.; Wood, William A.; Kleb, William L.; Alter, Stephen J.; Glass, Christopher E.; Padilla, Jose F.; Hammond, Dana P.; White, Jeffery A.

2013-01-01

The functional equivalence of the unstructured grid code FUN3D to the the structured grid code LAURA (Langley Aerothermodynamic Upwind Relaxation Algorithm) is documented for applications of interest to the Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) community. Examples from an existing suite of regression tests are used to demonstrate the functional equivalence, encompassing various thermochemical models and vehicle configurations. Algorithm modifications required for the node-based unstructured grid code (FUN3D) to reproduce functionality of the cell-centered structured code (LAURA) are also documented. Challenges associated with computation on tetrahedral grids versus computation on structured-grid derived hexahedral systems are discussed.

An interactive environment for agile analysis and visualization of ChIP-sequencing data.

PubMed

Lerdrup, Mads; Johansen, Jens Vilstrup; Agrawal-Singh, Shuchi; Hansen, Klaus

2016-04-01

To empower experimentalists with a means for fast and comprehensive chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data analyses, we introduce an integrated computational environment, EaSeq. The software combines the exploratory power of genome browsers with an extensive set of interactive and user-friendly tools for genome-wide abstraction and visualization. It enables experimentalists to easily extract information and generate hypotheses from their own data and public genome-wide datasets. For demonstration purposes, we performed meta-analyses of public Polycomb ChIP-seq data and established a new screening approach to analyze more than 900 datasets from mouse embryonic stem cells for factors potentially associated with Polycomb recruitment. EaSeq, which is freely available and works on a standard personal computer, can substantially increase the throughput of many analysis workflows, facilitate transparency and reproducibility by automatically documenting and organizing analyses, and enable a broader group of scientists to gain insights from ChIP-seq data.

HYDRATE v1.5 OPTION OF TOUGH+ v1.5

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Moridis, George

HYDRATE v1.5 is a numerical code that for the simulation of the behavior of hydrate-bearing geologic systems, and represents the third update of the code since its first release [Moridis et al., 2008]. It is an option of TOUGH+ v1.5 [Moridis and Pruess, 2014], a successor to the TOUGH2 [Pruess et al., 1999, 2012] family of codes for multi-component, multiphase fluid and heat flow developed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. HYDRATE v1.5 needs the TOUGH+ v1.5 core code in order to compile and execute. It is written in standard FORTRAN 95/2003, and can be run on any computational platformmore » (workstation, PC, Macintosh) for which such compilers are available. By solving the coupled equations of mass and heat balance, the fully operational TOUGH+HYDRATE code can model the non-isothermal gas release, phase behavior and flow of fluids and heat under conditions typical of common natural CH 4-hydrate deposits (i.e., in the permafrost and in deep ocean sediments) in complex geological media at any scale (from laboratory to reservoir) at which Darcy's law is valid. TOUGH+HYDRATE v1.5 includes both an equilibrium and a kinetic model of hydrate formation and dissociation. The model accounts for heat and up to four mass components, i.e., water, CH 4, hydrate, and water-soluble inhibitors such as salts or alcohols. These are partitioned among four possible phases (gas phase, liquid phase, ice phase and hydrate phase). Hydrate dissociation or formation, phase changes and the corresponding thermal effects are fully described, as are the effects of inhibitors. The model can describe all possible hydrate dissociation mechanisms, i.e., depressurization, thermal stimulation, salting-out effects and inhibitor-induced effects.« less

Molecular cloning of a cDNA coding for GTP cyclohydrolase I from Dictyostelium discoideum.

PubMed Central

Witter, K; Cahill, D J; Werner, T; Ziegler, I; Rödl, W; Bacher, A; Gütlich, M

1996-01-01

The GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTP-CH) gene of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum has been cloned and sequenced. The 855 bp cDNA of this gene contains the open reading frame (ORF) encoding 232 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of approx. 26 kDa. Southern blot analysis indicated the presence of a single gene for GTP-CH in Dictyostelium. PCR amplification of the ORF from chromosomal DNA and sequencing showed the existence of a 101 bp intron in the GTP-CH gene of Dictyostelium discoideum. The amino acid sequence has 47% and 49% positional identity to those of the human and yeast enzymes respectively. Most of the sequence variation between species is located in the N-terminal part of the protein. The overall identity with the E. coli protein is markedly lower. The enzyme was expressed in E. coli and purified as a 68 kDa fusion protein with the maltose-binding protein of E. coli. GTP-CH of Dictyostelium is heat-stable and showed maximal activity at 60 degrees C. The Km value for GTP is 50 microM. PMID:8870645

Predictions of BuChE inhibitors using support vector machine and naive Bayesian classification techniques in drug discovery.

PubMed

Fang, Jiansong; Yang, Ranyao; Gao, Li; Zhou, Dan; Yang, Shengqian; Liu, Ai-Lin; Du, Guan-hua

2013-11-25

Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE, EC 3.1.1.8) is an important pharmacological target for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. However, the currently available BuChE inhibitor screening assays are expensive, labor-intensive, and compound-dependent. It is necessary to develop robust in silico methods to predict the activities of BuChE inhibitors for the lead identification. In this investigation, support vector machine (SVM) models and naive Bayesian models were built to discriminate BuChE inhibitors (BuChEIs) from the noninhibitors. Each molecule was initially represented in 1870 structural descriptors (1235 from ADRIANA.Code, 334 from MOE, and 301 from Discovery studio). Correlation analysis and stepwise variable selection method were applied to figure out activity-related descriptors for prediction models. Additionally, structural fingerprint descriptors were added to improve the predictive ability of models, which were measured by cross-validation, a test set validation with 1001 compounds and an external test set validation with 317 diverse chemicals. The best two models gave Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.9551 and 0.9550 for the test set and 0.9132 and 0.9221 for the external test set. To demonstrate the practical applicability of the models in virtual screening, we screened an in-house data set with 3601 compounds, and 30 compounds were selected for further bioactivity assay. The assay results showed that 10 out of 30 compounds exerted significant BuChE inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 0.32 to 22.22 μM, at which three new scaffolds as BuChE inhibitors were identified for the first time. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on BuChE inhibitors using machine learning approaches. The models generated from SVM and naive Bayesian approaches successfully predicted BuChE inhibitors. The study proved the feasibility of a new method for predicting bioactivities of ligands and discovering novel lead compounds.

Regression Analysis with Dummy Variables: Use and Interpretation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hinkle, Dennis E.; Oliver, J. Dale

1986-01-01

Multiple regression analysis (MRA) may be used when both continuous and categorical variables are included as independent research variables. The use of MRA with categorical variables involves dummy coding, that is, assigning zeros and ones to levels of categorical variables. Caution is urged in results interpretation. (Author/CH)

[Differentiation of coding quality in orthopaedics by special, illustration-oriented case group analysis in the G-DRG System 2005].

PubMed

Schütz, U; Reichel, H; Dreinhöfer, K

2007-01-01

We introduce a grouping system for clinical practice which allows the separation of DRG coding in specific orthopaedic groups based on anatomic regions, operative procedures, therapeutic interventions and morbidity equivalent diagnosis groups. With this, a differentiated aim-oriented analysis of illustrated internal DRG data becomes possible. The group-specific difference of the coding quality between the DRG groups following primary coding by the orthopaedic surgeon and final coding by the medical controlling is analysed. In a consecutive series of 1600 patients parallel documentation and group-specific comparison of the relevant DRG parameters were carried out in every case after primary and final coding. Analysing the group-specific share in the additional CaseMix coding, the group "spine surgery" dominated, closely followed by the groups "arthroplasty" and "surgery due to infection, tumours, diabetes". Altogether, additional cost-weight-relevant coding was necessary most frequently in the latter group (84%), followed by group "spine surgery" (65%). In DRGs representing conservative orthopaedic treatment documented procedures had nearly no influence on the cost weight. The introduced system of case group analysis in internal DRG documentation can lead to the detection of specific problems in primary coding and cost-weight relevant changes of the case mix. As an instrument for internal process control in the orthopaedic field, it can serve as a communicative interface between an economically oriented classification of the hospital performance and a specific problem solution of the medical staff involved in the department management.

Generation of strongly coupled plasmas by high power excimer laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Yongxiang; Liu, Jingru; Zhang, Yongsheng; Hu, Yun; Zhang, Jiyan; Zheng, Zhijian; Ye, Xisheng

2013-05-01

(ultraviolet). To generate strongly coupled plasmas (SCP) by high power excimer laser, an Au-CH-Al-CH target is used to make the Al sample reach the state of SCP, in which the Au layer transforms laser energy to X-ray that heating the sample by volume and the CH layers provides necessary constraints. With aid of the MULTI-1D code, we calculate the state of the Al sample and its relationship with peak intensity, width and wavelength of laser pulses. The calculated results suggest that an excimer laser with peak intensity of the magnitude of 1013W/cm2 and pulse width being 5ns - 10ns is suitable to generate SCP with the temperature being tens of eV and the density of electron being of the order of 1022/cm-3. Lasers with shorter wavelength, such as KrF laser, are preferable.

77 FR 72913 - Defining Larger Participants of the Consumer Debt Collection Market; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-07

...;to and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations, which is published #0;under 50 titles pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 1510. #0; #0;The Code of Federal Regulations is sold by the Superintendent of Documents. #0... collection. The final rule contained four typographical errors, which this document corrects. Three of these...

FDA Procedures for Standardization and Certification of Retail Food Inspection/Training Officers, 2000.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Food and Drug Administration (DHHS/PHS), Rockville, MD.

This document provides information, standards, and behavioral objectives for standardization and certification of retail food inspection personnel in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The procedures described in the document are based on the FDA Food Code, updated to reflect current Food Code provisions and to include a more refined focus on…

The FORTRAN static source code analyzer program (SAP) user's guide, revision 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Decker, W.; Taylor, W.; Eslinger, S.

1982-01-01

The FORTRAN Static Source Code Analyzer Program (SAP) User's Guide (Revision 1) is presented. SAP is a software tool designed to assist Software Engineering Laboratory (SEL) personnel in conducting studies of FORTRAN programs. SAP scans FORTRAN source code and produces reports that present statistics and measures of statements and structures that make up a module. This document is a revision of the previous SAP user's guide, Computer Sciences Corporation document CSC/TM-78/6045. SAP Revision 1 is the result of program modifications to provide several new reports, additional complexity analysis, and recognition of all statements described in the FORTRAN 77 standard. This document provides instructions for operating SAP and contains information useful in interpreting SAP output.

The importance of documenting code, and how you might make yourself do it

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tollerud, Erik Jon; Astropy Project

2016-01-01

Your science code is awesome. It reduces data, performs some statistical analysis, or models a physical process better than anyone has done before. You wisely decide that it is worth sharing with your student/advisor, research collaboration, or the whole world. But when you send it out, no one seems willing to use it. Why? Most of the time, it's your documentation. You wrote the code for yourself, so you know what every function, procedure, or class is supposed to do. Unfortunately, your users (sometimes including you 6 months later) do not. In this talk, I will describe some of the tools, both technical and psychological, to make that documentation happen (particularly for the Python ecosystem).

Large scale exact quantum dynamics calculations: Ten thousand quantum states of acetonitrile

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Halverson, Thomas; Poirier, Bill

2015-03-01

'Exact' quantum dynamics (EQD) calculations of the vibrational spectrum of acetonitrile (CH3CN) are performed, using two different methods: (1) phase-space-truncated momentum-symmetrized Gaussian basis and (2) correlated truncated harmonic oscillator basis. In both cases, a simple classical phase space picture is used to optimize the selection of individual basis functions-leading to drastic reductions in basis size, in comparison with existing methods. Massive parallelization is also employed. Together, these tools-implemented into a single, easy-to-use computer code-enable a calculation of tens of thousands of vibrational states of CH3CN to an accuracy of 0.001-10 cm-1.

Genomic evolution, recombination, and inter-strain diversity of chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 from Florida and Hawaii green sea turtles with fibropapillomatosis.

PubMed

Morrison, Cheryl L; Iwanowicz, Luke; Work, Thierry M; Fahsbender, Elizabeth; Breitbart, Mya; Adams, Cynthia; Iwanowicz, Deb; Sanders, Lakyn; Ackermann, Mathias; Cornman, Robert S

2018-01-01

Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) is a herpesvirus associated with fibropapillomatosis (FP) in sea turtles worldwide. Single-locus typing has previously shown differentiation between Atlantic and Pacific strains of this virus, with low variation within each geographic clade. However, a lack of multi-locus genomic sequence data hinders understanding of the rate and mechanisms of ChHV5 evolutionary divergence, as well as how these genomic changes may contribute to differences in disease manifestation. To assess genomic variation in ChHV5 among five Hawaii and three Florida green sea turtles, we used high-throughput short-read sequencing of long-range PCR products amplified from tumor tissue using primers designed from the single available ChHV5 reference genome from a Hawaii green sea turtle. This strategy recovered sequence data from both geographic regions for approximately 75% of the predicted ChHV5 coding sequences. The average nucleotide divergence between geographic populations was 1.5%; most of the substitutions were fixed differences between regions. Protein divergence was generally low (average 0.08%), and ranged between 0 and 5.3%. Several atypical genes originally identified and annotated in the reference genome were confirmed in ChHV5 genomes from both geographic locations. Unambiguous recombination events between geographic regions were identified, and clustering of private alleles suggests the prevalence of recombination in the evolutionary history of ChHV5. This study significantly increased the amount of sequence data available from ChHV5 strains, enabling informed selection of loci for future population genetic and natural history studies, and suggesting the (possibly latent) co-infection of individuals by well-differentiated geographic variants.

Genomic evolution, recombination, and inter-strain diversity of chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 from Florida and Hawaii green sea turtles with fibropapillomatosis

USGS Publications Warehouse

Morrison, Cheryl L.; Iwanowicz, Luke R.; Work, Thierry M.; Fahsbender, Elizabeth; Breitbart, Mya; Adams, Cynthia; Iwanowicz, Deborah; Sanders, Lakyn; Ackermann, Mathias; Cornman, Robert S.

2018-01-01

Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) is a herpesvirus associated with fibropapillomatosis (FP) in sea turtles worldwide. Single-locus typing has previously shown differentiation between Atlantic and Pacific strains of this virus, with low variation within each geographic clade. However, a lack of multi-locus genomic sequence data hinders understanding of the rate and mechanisms of ChHV5 evolutionary divergence, as well as how these genomic changes may contribute to differences in disease manifestation. To assess genomic variation in ChHV5 among five Hawaii and three Florida green sea turtles, we used high-throughput short-read sequencing of long-range PCR products amplified from tumor tissue using primers designed from the single available ChHV5 reference genome from a Hawaii green sea turtle. This strategy recovered sequence data from both geographic regions for approximately 75% of the predicted ChHV5 coding sequences. The average nucleotide divergence between geographic populations was 1.5%; most of the substitutions were fixed differences between regions. Protein divergence was generally low (average 0.08%), and ranged between 0 and 5.3%. Several atypical genes originally identified and annotated in the reference genome were confirmed in ChHV5 genomes from both geographic locations. Unambiguous recombination events between geographic regions were identified, and clustering of private alleles suggests the prevalence of recombination in the evolutionary history of ChHV5. This study significantly increased the amount of sequence data available from ChHV5 strains, enabling informed selection of loci for future population genetic and natural history studies, and suggesting the (possibly latent) co-infection of individuals by well-differentiated geographic variants.

Genomic evolution, recombination, and inter-strain diversity of chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 from Florida and Hawaii green sea turtles with fibropapillomatosis

PubMed Central

Iwanowicz, Luke; Work, Thierry M.; Fahsbender, Elizabeth; Breitbart, Mya; Adams, Cynthia; Iwanowicz, Deb; Sanders, Lakyn; Ackermann, Mathias; Cornman, Robert S.

2018-01-01

Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) is a herpesvirus associated with fibropapillomatosis (FP) in sea turtles worldwide. Single-locus typing has previously shown differentiation between Atlantic and Pacific strains of this virus, with low variation within each geographic clade. However, a lack of multi-locus genomic sequence data hinders understanding of the rate and mechanisms of ChHV5 evolutionary divergence, as well as how these genomic changes may contribute to differences in disease manifestation. To assess genomic variation in ChHV5 among five Hawaii and three Florida green sea turtles, we used high-throughput short-read sequencing of long-range PCR products amplified from tumor tissue using primers designed from the single available ChHV5 reference genome from a Hawaii green sea turtle. This strategy recovered sequence data from both geographic regions for approximately 75% of the predicted ChHV5 coding sequences. The average nucleotide divergence between geographic populations was 1.5%; most of the substitutions were fixed differences between regions. Protein divergence was generally low (average 0.08%), and ranged between 0 and 5.3%. Several atypical genes originally identified and annotated in the reference genome were confirmed in ChHV5 genomes from both geographic locations. Unambiguous recombination events between geographic regions were identified, and clustering of private alleles suggests the prevalence of recombination in the evolutionary history of ChHV5. This study significantly increased the amount of sequence data available from ChHV5 strains, enabling informed selection of loci for future population genetic and natural history studies, and suggesting the (possibly latent) co-infection of individuals by well-differentiated geographic variants. PMID:29479497

Malnutrition coding 101: financial impact and more.

PubMed

Giannopoulos, Georgia A; Merriman, Louise R; Rumsey, Alissa; Zwiebel, Douglas S

2013-12-01

Recent articles have addressed the characteristics associated with adult malnutrition as published by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (the Academy) and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). This article describes a successful interdisciplinary program developed by the Department of Food and Nutrition at New York-Presbyterian Hospital to maintain and monitor clinical documentation, ensure accurate International Classification of Diseases 9th Edition (ICD-9) coding, and identify subsequent incremental revenue resulting from the early identification, documentation, and treatment of malnutrition in an adult inpatient population. The first step in the process requires registered dietitians to identify patients with malnutrition; then clear and specifically worded diagnostic statements that include the type and severity of malnutrition are documented in the medical record by the physician, nurse practitioner, or physician's assistant. This protocol allows the Heath Information Management/Coding department to accurately assign ICD-9 codes associated with protein-energy malnutrition. Once clinical coding is complete, a final diagnosis related group (DRG) is generated to ensure appropriate hospital reimbursement. Successful interdisciplinary programs such as this can drive optimal care and ensure appropriate reimbursement.

Enhanced Verification Test Suite for Physics Simulation Codes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kamm, J R; Brock, J S; Brandon, S T

2008-10-10

This document discusses problems with which to augment, in quantity and in quality, the existing tri-laboratory suite of verification problems used by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). The purpose of verification analysis is demonstrate whether the numerical results of the discretization algorithms in physics and engineering simulation codes provide correct solutions of the corresponding continuum equations. The key points of this document are: (1) Verification deals with mathematical correctness of the numerical algorithms in a code, while validation deals with physical correctness of a simulation in a regime of interest.more » This document is about verification. (2) The current seven-problem Tri-Laboratory Verification Test Suite, which has been used for approximately five years at the DOE WP laboratories, is limited. (3) Both the methodology for and technology used in verification analysis have evolved and been improved since the original test suite was proposed. (4) The proposed test problems are in three basic areas: (a) Hydrodynamics; (b) Transport processes; and (c) Dynamic strength-of-materials. (5) For several of the proposed problems we provide a 'strong sense verification benchmark', consisting of (i) a clear mathematical statement of the problem with sufficient information to run a computer simulation, (ii) an explanation of how the code result and benchmark solution are to be evaluated, and (iii) a description of the acceptance criterion for simulation code results. (6) It is proposed that the set of verification test problems with which any particular code be evaluated include some of the problems described in this document. Analysis of the proposed verification test problems constitutes part of a necessary--but not sufficient--step that builds confidence in physics and engineering simulation codes. More complicated test cases, including physics models of greater sophistication or other physics regimes (e.g., energetic material response, magneto-hydrodynamics), would represent a scientifically desirable complement to the fundamental test cases discussed in this report. The authors believe that this document can be used to enhance the verification analyses undertaken at the DOE WP Laboratories and, thus, to improve the quality, credibility, and usefulness of the simulation codes that are analyzed with these problems.« less

Species and temperature measurements of methane oxidation in a nanosecond repetitively pulsed discharge

PubMed Central

Lefkowitz, Joseph K; Guo, Peng; Rousso, Aric; Ju, Yiguang

2015-01-01

Speciation and temperature measurements of methane oxidation during a nanosecond repetitively pulsed discharge in a low-temperature flow reactor have been performed. Measurements of temperature and formaldehyde during a burst of pulses were made on a time-dependent basis using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, and measurements of all other major stable species were made downstream of a continuously pulsed discharge using gas chromatography. The major species for a stoichiometric methane/oxygen/helium mixture with 75% dilution are H2O, CO, CO2, H2, CH2O, CH3OH, C2H6, C2H4 and C2H2. A modelling tool to simulate homogeneous plasma combustion kinetics is assembled by combining the ZDPlasKin and CHEMKIN codes. In addition, a kinetic model for plasma-assisted combustion (HP-Mech/plasma) of methane, oxygen and helium mixtures has been assembled to simulate the measurements. Predictions can accurately capture reactant consumption as well as production of the major product species. However, significant disagreement is found for minor species, particularly CH2O and CH3OH. Further analysis revealed that the plasma-activated low-temperature oxidation pathways, particularly those involving CH3O2 radical reactions and methane reactions with O(1D), are responsible for this disagreement. PMID:26170433

Simulations of laser-driven ion acceleration from a thin CH target

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Jaehong; Bulanov, Stepan; Ji, Qing; Steinke, Sven; Treffert, Franziska; Vay, Jean-Luc; Schenkel, Thomas; Esarey, Eric; Leemans, Wim; Vincenti, Henri

2017-10-01

2D and 3D computer simulations of laser driven ion acceleration from a thin CH foil using code WARP were performed. As the foil thickness varies from a few nm to μm, the simulations confirm that the acceleration mechanism transitions from the RPA (radiation pressure acceleration) to the TNSA (target normal sheath acceleration). In the TNSA regime, with the CH target thickness of 1 μ m and a pre-plasma ahead of the target, the simulations show the production of the collimated proton beam with the maximum energy of about 10 MeV. This agrees with the experimental results obtained at the BELLA laser facility (I 5 × 18 W / cm2 , λ = 800 nm). Furthermore, the maximum proton energy dependence on different setups of the initialization, i.e., different angles of the laser incidence from the target normal axis, different gradient scales and distributions of the pre-plasma, was explored. This work was supported by LDRD funding from LBNL, provided by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and used resources of the NERSC, a DOE office of Science User Facility supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.

Protecting Surface Transportation Systems and Patrons from Terrorist Activities

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-11-01

This report documents the first phase of a continuing research effort carried out by the Norman Y. Mineta International Institute for Surface Transportation Policy Studies (IISTPS) on behalf of the U.S. Department of Transportation. It comprises a ch...

Guidelines for development structured FORTRAN programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Earnest, B. M.

1984-01-01

Computer programming and coding standards were compiled to serve as guidelines for the uniform writing of FORTRAN 77 programs at NASA Langley. Software development philosophy, documentation, general coding conventions, and specific FORTRAN coding constraints are discussed.

The ChArMEx database

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferré, Hélène; Descloitres, Jacques; Fleury, Laurence; Boichard, Jean-Luc; Brissebrat, Guillaume; Focsa, Loredana; Henriot, Nicolas; Mastrorillo, Laurence; Mière, Arnaud; Vermeulen, Anne

2013-04-01

The Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx, http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr/) aims at a scientific assessment of the present and future state of the atmospheric environment in the Mediterranean Basin, and of its impacts on the regional climate, air quality, and marine biogeochemistry. The project includes long term monitoring of environmental parameters, intensive field campaigns, use of satellite data and modelling studies. Therefore ChARMEx scientists produce and need to access a wide diversity of data. In this context, the objective of the database task is to organize data management, distribution system and services such as facilitating the exchange of information and stimulating the collaboration between researchers within the ChArMEx community, and beyond. The database relies on a strong collaboration between OMP and ICARE data centres and falls within the scope of the Mediterranean Integrated Studies at Regional And Locals Scales (MISTRALS) program data portal. All the data produced by or of interest for the ChArMEx community will be documented in the data catalogue and accessible through the database website: http://mistrals.sedoo.fr/ChArMEx. The database website offers different tools: - A registration procedure which enables any scientist to accept the data policy and apply for a user database account. - Forms to document observations or products that will be provided to the database in compliance with metadata international standards (ISO 19115-19139; INSPIRE; Global Change Master Directory Thesaurus). - A search tool to browse the catalogue using thematic, geographic and/or temporal criteria. - Sorted lists of the datasets by thematic keywords, by measured parameters, by instruments or by platform type. - A shopping-cart web interface to order in situ data files. At present datasets from the background monitoring station of Ersa, Cape Corsica and from the 2012 ChArMEx pre-campaign are available. - A user-friendly access to satellite products (SEVIRI, TRIMM, PARASOL...) stored in the ICARE data archive using OpeNDAP protocole The website will soon propose new facilities. In particular, many in situ datasets will be homogenized and inserted in a relational database, in order to enable more accurate data selection and download of different datasets in a shared format. In order to meet the operational needs of the airborne and ground based observational teams during the ChArMEx 2012 pre-campaign and the 2013 experiment, a day-to-day quick look and report display website has been developed too: http://choc.sedoo.org. It offers a convenient way to browse weather conditions and chemical composition during the campaign periods.

Methane concentration and isotopic composition (δ13C-CH4) in the Nerja Cave system (South Spain)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vadillo, Iñaki; Etiope, Giuseppe; Benavente, José; Ojeda, Lucia; Liñán, Cristina; Carrasco, Francisco

2016-04-01

Air in underground caves often has methane (CH4) concentrations below the atmospheric level, due to methanotrophic or other unkown CH4 consuming processes. Caves are thus considered a potential sink for atmospheric methane. If globally important, this underground CH4 oxidation should be taken into account in the atmospheric methane budget, in addition to the known soil methanotrophy and tropospheric/stratospheric sinks. A large set of data is however necessary to understand how and how much methane from external atmospheric air is consumed in the caves. While methane concentration data are available for several caves worldwide, its isotopic composition and variations in space and time are poorly documented. We measured methane concentration and stable C isotope composition (δ13C) in the Nerja cave (Southern Spain) air during two surveys in March and April 2015. CH4 concentration decreases progressively from the more external cave rooms, with atmospheric levels of 1.9 ppmv, to the more internal and isolated rooms down to 0.5 ppmv. δ13C increases correspondingly from -47 ‰ to -41 ‰ (VPDB). CH4 is systematically 13C-enriched (δ13C > -45) in areas of the cave where the concentration is below 1.4 ppmv. This combination of concentration decrease and 13C-enrichment towards the more internal and isolated zones of the cave confirms the importance of CH4 oxidation, likely driven by methanotrophic bacteria. Further data, including stable H isotope composition of sub-atmospheric CH4 concentrations, CO2 and microbial analyses, shall be acquired over time to assess the actual role of methanotrophic bacteria and seasonal controls in the CH4 consumption process.

Choriodecidual Cells from Term Human Pregnancies Show Distinctive Functional Properties Related to the Induction of Labor

PubMed Central

Castillo-Castrejon, Marisol; Meraz-Cruz, Noemí; Gomez-Lopez, Nardhy; Flores-Pliego, Arturo; Beltrán-Montoya, Jorge; Viveros-Alcaráz, Martín; Vadillo-Ortega, Felipe

2014-01-01

Problem Human parturition is associated with an intrauterine pro-inflammatory environment in the choriodecidua. Evidence that some mediators of this signaling cascade also elicit responses leading to labor prompted us to characterize the cellular sources of these mediators in the human choriodecidua. Method of study Leukocyte-enriched preparations from human choriodecidua (ChL) and intervillous placental blood leukocytes (PL) were maintained in culture. Secretions of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and MMP-9 were documented. Leukocyte phenotype of ChL and PL was determined by flow cytometry using specific fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies. Results and Conclusions ChL showed a distinct pro-inflammatory secretion pattern of cytokines and chemokines when compared with PL, including higher amounts of TNF-α and IL-6, and decreased secretions of IL-4 and IL-1ra. ChL also secreted more MIP-1α and MCP-1 and MMP-9 than PL. No significant differences were found in leukocytes subsets between compartments. Based on our findings, we propose that ChL isolated from fetal membranes at term are functionally different from PL and may collaborate to modulate the microenvironment linked to induction and progression of human labor. PMID:24286217

Chromatin immunoprecipitation of mouse embryos.

PubMed

Voss, Anne K; Dixon, Mathew P; McLennan, Tamara; Kueh, Andrew J; Thomas, Tim

2012-01-01

During prenatal development, a large number of different cell types are formed, the vast majority of which contain identical genetic material. The basis of the great variety in cell phenotype and function is the differential expression of the approximately 25,000 genes in the mammalian genome. Transcriptional activity is regulated at many levels by proteins, including members of the basal transcriptional apparatus, DNA-binding transcription factors, and chromatin-binding proteins. Importantly, chromatin structure dictates the availability of a specific genomic locus for transcriptional activation as well as the efficiency, with which transcription can occur. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a method to assess if chromatin modifications or proteins are present at a specific locus. ChIP involves the cross linking of DNA and associated proteins and immunoprecipitation using specific antibodies to DNA-associated proteins followed by examination of the co-precipitated DNA sequences or proteins. In the last few years, ChIP has become an essential technique for scientists studying transcriptional regulation and chromatin structure. Using ChIP on mouse embryos, we can document the presence or absence of specific proteins and chromatin modifications at genomic loci in vivo during mammalian development. Here, we describe a ChIP technique adapted for mouse embryos.

The ChEMBL database as linked open data

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Making data available as Linked Data using Resource Description Framework (RDF) promotes integration with other web resources. RDF documents can natively link to related data, and others can link back using Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). RDF makes the data machine-readable and uses extensible vocabularies for additional information, making it easier to scale up inference and data analysis. Results This paper describes recent developments in an ongoing project converting data from the ChEMBL database into RDF triples. Relative to earlier versions, this updated version of ChEMBL-RDF uses recently introduced ontologies, including CHEMINF and CiTO; exposes more information from the database; and is now available as dereferencable, linked data. To demonstrate these new features, we present novel use cases showing further integration with other web resources, including Bio2RDF, Chem2Bio2RDF, and ChemSpider, and showing the use of standard ontologies for querying. Conclusions We have illustrated the advantages of using open standards and ontologies to link the ChEMBL database to other databases. Using those links and the knowledge encoded in standards and ontologies, the ChEMBL-RDF resource creates a foundation for integrated semantic web cheminformatics applications, such as the presented decision support. PMID:23657106

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation in Early Mouse Embryos.

PubMed

García-González, Estela G; Roque-Ramirez, Bladimir; Palma-Flores, Carlos; Hernández-Hernández, J Manuel

2018-01-01

Epigenetic regulation is achieved at many levels by different factors such as tissue-specific transcription factors, members of the basal transcriptional apparatus, chromatin-binding proteins, and noncoding RNAs. Importantly, chromatin structure dictates the availability of a specific genomic locus for transcriptional activation as well as the efficiency with which transcription can occur. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a method that allows elucidating gene regulation at the molecular level by assessing if chromatin modifications or proteins are present at a specific locus. Initially, the majority of ChIP experiments were performed on cultured cell lines and more recently this technique has been adapted to a variety of tissues in different model organisms. Using ChIP on mouse embryos, it is possible to document the presence or absence of specific proteins and chromatin modifications at genomic loci in vivo during mammalian development and to get biological meaning from observations made on tissue culture analyses. We describe here a ChIP protocol on freshly isolated mouse embryonic somites for in vivo analysis of muscle specific transcription factor binding on chromatin. This protocol has been easily adapted to other mouse embryonic tissues and has also been successfully scaled up to perform ChIP-Seq.

Inventory of Safety-related Codes and Standards for Energy Storage Systems with some Experiences related to Approval and Acceptance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Conover, David R.

The purpose of this document is to identify laws, rules, model codes, codes, standards, regulations, specifications (CSR) related to safety that could apply to stationary energy storage systems (ESS) and experiences to date securing approval of ESS in relation to CSR. This information is intended to assist in securing approval of ESS under current CSR and to identification of new CRS or revisions to existing CRS and necessary supporting research and documentation that can foster the deployment of safe ESS.

A stream-based methane monitoring approach for evaluating groundwater impacts associated with unconventional gas development.

PubMed

Heilweil, Victor M; Stolp, Bert J; Kimball, Briant A; Susong, David D; Marston, Thomas M; Gardner, Philip M

2013-01-01

Gaining streams can provide an integrated signal of relatively large groundwater capture areas. In contrast to the point-specific nature of monitoring wells, gaining streams coalesce multiple flow paths. Impacts on groundwater quality from unconventional gas development may be evaluated at the watershed scale by the sampling of dissolved methane (CH4 ) along such streams. This paper describes a method for using stream CH4 concentrations, along with measurements of groundwater inflow and gas transfer velocity interpreted by 1-D stream transport modeling, to determine groundwater methane fluxes. While dissolved ionic tracers remain in the stream for long distances, the persistence of methane is not well documented. To test this method and evaluate CH4 persistence in a stream, a combined bromide (Br) and CH4 tracer injection was conducted on Nine-Mile Creek, a gaining stream in a gas development area in central Utah. A 35% gain in streamflow was determined from dilution of the Br tracer. The injected CH4 resulted in a fivefold increase in stream CH4 immediately below the injection site. CH4 and δ(13) CCH4 sampling showed it was not immediately lost to the atmosphere, but remained in the stream for more than 2000 m. A 1-D stream transport model simulating the decline in CH4 yielded an apparent gas transfer velocity of 4.5 m/d, describing the rate of loss to the atmosphere (possibly including some microbial consumption). The transport model was then calibrated to background stream CH4 in Nine-Mile Creek (prior to CH4 injection) in order to evaluate groundwater CH4 contributions. The total estimated CH4 load discharging to the stream along the study reach was 190 g/d, although using geochemical fingerprinting to determine its source was beyond the scope of the current study. This demonstrates the utility of stream-gas sampling as a reconnaissance tool for evaluating both natural and anthropogenic CH4 leakage from gas reservoirs into groundwater and surface water. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

Evaluation of Factors Influencing Accuracy of Principal Procedure Coding Based on ICD-9-CM: An Iranian Study

PubMed Central

Farzandipour, Mehrdad; Sheikhtaheri, Abbas

2009-01-01

To evaluate the accuracy of procedural coding and the factors that influence it, 246 records were randomly selected from four teaching hospitals in Kashan, Iran. “Recodes” were assigned blindly and then compared to the original codes. Furthermore, the coders' professional behaviors were carefully observed during the coding process. Coding errors were classified as major or minor. The relations between coding accuracy and possible effective factors were analyzed by χ2 or Fisher exact tests as well as the odds ratio (OR) and the 95 percent confidence interval for the OR. The results showed that using a tabular index for rechecking codes reduces errors (83 percent vs. 72 percent accuracy). Further, more thorough documentation by the clinician positively affected coding accuracy, though this relation was not significant. Readability of records decreased errors overall (p = .003), including major ones (p = .012). Moreover, records with no abbreviations had fewer major errors (p = .021). In conclusion, not using abbreviations, ensuring more readable documentation, and paying more attention to available information increased coding accuracy and the quality of procedure databases. PMID:19471647

Environmental Requirements Management

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cusack, Laura J.; Bramson, Jeffrey E.; Archuleta, Jose A.

2015-01-08

CH2M HILL Plateau Remediation Company (CH2M HILL) is the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) prime contractor responsible for the environmental cleanup of the Hanford Site Central Plateau. As part of this responsibility, the CH2M HILL is faced with the task of complying with thousands of environmental requirements which originate from over 200 federal, state, and local laws and regulations, DOE Orders, waste management and effluent discharge permits, Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) response and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) corrective action documents, and official regulatory agency correspondence. The challenge is to manage this vast number ofmore » requirements to ensure they are appropriately and effectively integrated into CH2M HILL operations. Ensuring compliance with a large number of environmental requirements relies on an organization’s ability to identify, evaluate, communicate, and verify those requirements. To ensure that compliance is maintained, all changes need to be tracked. The CH2M HILL identified that the existing system used to manage environmental requirements was difficult to maintain and that improvements should be made to increase functionality. CH2M HILL established an environmental requirements management procedure and tools to assure that all environmental requirements are effectively and efficiently managed. Having a complete and accurate set of environmental requirements applicable to CH2M HILL operations will promote a more efficient approach to: • Communicating requirements • Planning work • Maintaining work controls • Maintaining compliance« less

Semantic enrichment of medical forms - semi-automated coding of ODM-elements via web services.

PubMed

Breil, Bernhard; Watermann, Andreas; Haas, Peter; Dziuballe, Philipp; Dugas, Martin

2012-01-01

Semantic interoperability is an unsolved problem which occurs while working with medical forms from different information systems or institutions. Standards like ODM or CDA assure structural homogenization but in order to compare elements from different data models it is necessary to use semantic concepts and codes on an item level of those structures. We developed and implemented a web-based tool which enables a domain expert to perform semi-automated coding of ODM-files. For each item it is possible to inquire web services which result in unique concept codes without leaving the context of the document. Although it was not feasible to perform a totally automated coding we have implemented a dialog based method to perform an efficient coding of all data elements in the context of the whole document. The proportion of codable items was comparable to results from previous studies.

Additional extensions to the NASCAP computer code, volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mandell, M. J.; Katz, I.; Stannard, P. R.

1981-01-01

Extensions and revisions to a computer code that comprehensively analyzes problems of spacecraft charging (NASCAP) are documented. Using a fully three dimensional approach, it can accurately predict spacecraft potentials under a variety of conditions. Among the extensions are a multiple electron/ion gun test tank capability, and the ability to model anisotropic and time dependent space environments. Also documented are a greatly extended MATCHG program and the preliminary version of NASCAP/LEO. The interactive MATCHG code was developed into an extremely powerful tool for the study of material-environment interactions. The NASCAP/LEO, a three dimensional code to study current collection under conditions of high voltages and short Debye lengths, was distributed for preliminary testing.

A Summary of Important Documents in the Field of Research Ethics

PubMed Central

Fischer, Bernard A

2006-01-01

Today's researchers are obligated to conduct their studies ethically. However, it often seems a daunting task to become familiar with the important ethical codes required to do so. The purpose of this article is to examine the content of those ethical documents most relevant to the biomedical researcher. Documents examined include the Nuremberg Code, the Declaration of Helsinki, Henry Beecher's landmark paper, the Belmont Report, the U.S. Common Rule, the Guideline for Good Clinical Practice, and the National Bioethics Advisory Commission's report on research protections for the mentally ill. PMID:16192409

Case histories of bald eagles and other raptors killed by organophosphorus insecticides topically applied to livestock

USGS Publications Warehouse

Henny, C.J.; Kolbe, E.J.; Hill, E.F.; Blus, L.J.

1987-01-01

Since 1982 when secondary poisoning of a red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) was documented following the recommended use of famphur applied topically to cattle, the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center has tested dead birds of prey for poisoning by famphur and other pour-on organophosphorus (OP) insecticides. Brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity was first determined, then if ChE was depressed greater than or equal to 50%, stomach and/or crop contents were evaluated for anti-ChE compounds. This report presents the circumstances surrounding the OP-caused deaths of eight bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), two red-tailed hawks, and one great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) between March 1984 and March 1985. OP poisoning of raptors by pour-on insecticides in the United States is widespread, but its magnitude is unknown.

Case histories of bald eagles and other raptors killed by organophosphorus insecticides topically applied to livestock.

PubMed

Henny, C J; Kolbe, E J; Hill, E F; Blus, L J

1987-04-01

Since 1982 when secondary poisoning of a red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) was documented following the recommended use of famphur applied topically to cattle, the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center has tested dead birds of prey for poisoning by famphur and other pour-on organophosphorus (OP) insecticides. Brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity was first determined, then if ChE was depressed greater than or equal to 50%, stomach and/or crop contents were evaluated for anti-ChE compounds. This report presents the circumstances surrounding the OP-caused deaths of eight bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), two red-tailed hawks, and one great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) between March 1984 and March 1985. OP poisoning of raptors by pour-on insecticides in the United States is widespread, but its magnitude is unknown.

Use, Assessment, and Improvement of the Loci-CHEM CFD Code for Simulation of Combustion in a Single Element GO2/GH2 Injector and Chamber

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Westra, Douglas G.; Lin, Jeff; West, Jeff; Tucker, Kevin

2006-01-01

This document is a viewgraph presentation of a paper that documents a continuing effort at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) to use, assess, and continually improve CFD codes to the point of material utility in the design of rocket engine combustion devices. This paper describes how the code is presently being used to simulate combustion in a single element combustion chamber with shear coaxial injectors using gaseous oxygen and gaseous hydrogen propellants. The ultimate purpose of the efforts documented is to assess and further improve the Loci-CHEM code and the implementation of it. Single element shear coaxial injectors were tested as part of the Staged Combustion Injector Technology (SCIT) program, where detailed chamber wall heat fluxes were measured. Data was taken over a range of chamber pressures for propellants injected at both ambient and elevated temperatures. Several test cases are simulated as part of the effort to demonstrate use of the Loci-CHEM CFD code and to enable us to make improvements in the code as needed. The simulations presented also include a grid independence study on hybrid grids. Several two-equation eddy viscosity low Reynolds number turbulence models are also evaluated as part of the study. All calculations are presented with a comparison to the experimental data. Weaknesses of the code relative to test data are discussed and continuing efforts to improve the code are presented.

CTF Theory Manual

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Avramova, Maria N.; Salko, Robert K.

Coolant-Boiling in Rod Arrays|Two Fluids (COBRA-TF) is a thermal/ hydraulic (T/H) simulation code designed for light water reactor (LWR) vessel analysis. It uses a two-fluid, three-field (i.e. fluid film, fluid drops, and vapor) modeling approach. Both sub-channel and 3D Cartesian forms of 9 conservation equations are available for LWR modeling. The code was originally developed by Pacific Northwest Laboratory in 1980 and had been used and modified by several institutions over the last few decades. COBRA-TF also found use at the Pennsylvania State University (PSU) by the Reactor Dynamics and Fuel Management Group (RDFMG) and has been improved, updated, andmore » subsequently re-branded as CTF. As part of the improvement process, it was necessary to generate sufficient documentation for the open-source code which had lacked such material upon being adopted by RDFMG. This document serves mainly as a theory manual for CTF, detailing the many two-phase heat transfer, drag, and important accident scenario models contained in the code as well as the numerical solution process utilized. Coding of the models is also discussed, all with consideration for updates that have been made when transitioning from COBRA-TF to CTF. Further documentation outside of this manual is also available at RDFMG which focus on code input deck generation and source code global variable and module listings.« less

Constitutive relations in TRAC-P1A

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rohatgi, U.S.; Saha, P.

1980-08-01

The purpose of this document is to describe the basic thermal-hydraulic models and correlations that are in the TRAC-P1A code, as released in March 1979. It is divided into two parts, A and B. Part A describes the models in the three-dimensional vessel module of TRAC, whereas Part B focuses on the loop components that are treated by one-dimensional formulations. The report follows the format of the questions prepared by the Analysis Development Branch of USNRC and the questionnaire has been attached to this document for completeness. Concerted efforts have been made in understanding the present models in TRAC-P1A bymore » going through the FORTRAN listing of the code. Some discrepancies between the code and the TRAC-P1A manual have been found. These are pointed out in this document. Efforts have also been made to check the TRAC references for the range of applicability of the models and correlations used in the code. 26 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.« less

Identifying Falls Risk Screenings Not Documented with Administrative Codes Using Natural Language Processing

PubMed Central

Zhu, Vivienne J; Walker, Tina D; Warren, Robert W; Jenny, Peggy B; Meystre, Stephane; Lenert, Leslie A

2017-01-01

Quality reporting that relies on coded administrative data alone may not completely and accurately depict providers’ performance. To assess this concern with a test case, we developed and evaluated a natural language processing (NLP) approach to identify falls risk screenings documented in clinical notes of patients without coded falls risk screening data. Extracting information from 1,558 clinical notes (mainly progress notes) from 144 eligible patients, we generated a lexicon of 38 keywords relevant to falls risk screening, 26 terms for pre-negation, and 35 terms for post-negation. The NLP algorithm identified 62 (out of the 144) patients who falls risk screening documented only in clinical notes and not coded. Manual review confirmed 59 patients as true positives and 77 patients as true negatives. Our NLP approach scored 0.92 for precision, 0.95 for recall, and 0.93 for F-measure. These results support the concept of utilizing NLP to enhance healthcare quality reporting. PMID:29854264

Inactivation kinetics of a four-strain composite of Salmonella Enteritidis and Oranienberg in commercially-acquired liquid egg yolk

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Introduction: Current liquid egg pasteurization requirements are based on command and control prescribed time/temperature combinations for specified egg products. Requirements are found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 9, Ch. III, Sec. 590.570. These standards were based on data for the ...

Education--Due Process for Washington Public School Students--Wash. Ad. Code ch. 180-40 (1972)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Talmadge, Philip

1975-01-01

In Washington, legislative and administrative rules of the State Board of Education have conferred protections of constitutional due process on public school students. The author examines the regulatory framework and effects concluding that the Washington due process rules should serve as a model for other states. (JT)

Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Separated Flows.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-06-01

circulation with time, evolution of the wake, etc.) 11) Ch- eck thie flow conditions to determine the state of the calculations: a) if Vi - V) > 0.2 repeat...1-174. 139 INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST No. copies L D f’ense Techn ical Information Center Cameron Station AVexar Iria. VA 22304-6145 2. Library. Code

Characterization of NS5A and NS5B Resistance-Associated Substitutions from Genotype 1 Hepatitis C Virus Infected Patients in a Portuguese Cohort.

PubMed

Brandão, Ruben; Marcelino, Rute; Gonçalves, Fátima; Diogo, Isabel; Carvalho, Ana; Cabanas, Joaquim; Costa, Inês; Brogueira, Pedro; Ventura, Fernando; Miranda, Ana; Mansinho, Kamal; Gomes, Perpétua

2018-04-26

This study is focused on the prevalent NS5 coding region resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) in DAA-naive genotype (GT)1 HCV-infected patients and their potential impact on success rates. Plasma RNA from 81 GT1 HCV-infected patients was extracted prior to an in-house nested RT-PCR of the NS5 coding region, which is followed by Sanger population sequencing. NS5A RASs were present in 28.4% (23/81) of all GT1-infected patients with 9.9% (8/81) having the Y93C/H mutation. NS5B RASs showed a prevalence of 14.8% (12/81) and were only detected in GT1b. Overall 38.3% (31/81) of all GT1 HCV-infected patients presented baseline RASs. The obtained data supports the usefulness of resistance testing prior to treatment since a statistically significant association was found between treatment failure and the baseline presence of specific NS5 RASs known as Y93C/H ( p = 0.04).

RELEASE OF DRIED RADIOACTIVE WASTE MATERIALS TECHNICAL BASIS DOCUMENT

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

KOZLOWSKI, S.D.

2007-05-30

This technical basis document was developed to support RPP-23429, Preliminary Documented Safety Analysis for the Demonstration Bulk Vitrification System (PDSA) and RPP-23479, Preliminary Documented Safety Analysis for the Contact-Handled Transuranic Mixed (CH-TRUM) Waste Facility. The main document describes the risk binning process and the technical basis for assigning risk bins to the representative accidents involving the release of dried radioactive waste materials from the Demonstration Bulk Vitrification System (DBVS) and to the associated represented hazardous conditions. Appendices D through F provide the technical basis for assigning risk bins to the representative dried waste release accident and associated represented hazardous conditionsmore » for the Contact-Handled Transuranic Mixed (CH-TRUM) Waste Packaging Unit (WPU). The risk binning process uses an evaluation of the frequency and consequence of a given representative accident or represented hazardous condition to determine the need for safety structures, systems, and components (SSC) and technical safety requirement (TSR)-level controls. A representative accident or a represented hazardous condition is assigned to a risk bin based on the potential radiological and toxicological consequences to the public and the collocated worker. Note that the risk binning process is not applied to facility workers because credible hazardous conditions with the potential for significant facility worker consequences are considered for safety-significant SSCs and/or TSR-level controls regardless of their estimated frequency. The controls for protection of the facility workers are described in RPP-23429 and RPP-23479. Determination of the need for safety-class SSCs was performed in accordance with DOE-STD-3009-94, Preparation Guide for US. Department of Energy Nonreactor Nuclear Facility Documented Safety Analyses, as described below.« less

The bust of Francesco II Gonzaga: from digital documentation to 3D printing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adami, A.; Balletti, C.; Fassi, F.; Fregonese, L.; Guerra, F.; Taffurelli, L.; Vernier, P.

2015-08-01

Geomatics technics and methods are now able to provide a great contribution to the Cultural Heritage (CH) processes, being adaptable to different purposes: management, diagnosis, restoration, protection, study and research, communication, formation and fruition of the Cultural Heritage. This experimentation was done with an eye to encouraging and promoting the development of principles and good practices for recording, documentation and information management of cultural heritage. This research focuses on the documentation path of a cultural asset, in particular a Renaissance statue, aimed to achieve a three dimensional model useful for many digital applications and for solid reproduction. The digital copy can be used in many contexts and represents an efficient tool to preserve and promote CH. It can be included in virtual museum archives and catalogues, shared on network with cultural operators and users, and it permits the contextualization of the asset in its artistic and historical background. Moreover, the possibility to obtain a hard copy, reproduced through 3D printing, allows to reach new opportunities of interaction with CH. In this article, two techniques for the digitization of the terracotta bust of Francesco II Gonzaga, in the City Museum of Mantua, are described: the triangulation scanner and dense image matching photogrammetry. As well as the description of the acquisition and the elaborations, other aspects are taken into account: the characteristics of the object, the place for the acquisition, the ultimate goal and the economic availability. There are also highlighted the optimization pipeline to get the correct three-dimensional models and a 3D printed copy. A separate section discusses the comparison of the realized model to identify the positive and negative aspects of each adopted application.

Residential Demand Module - NEMS Documentation

EIA Publications

2017-01-01

Model Documentation - Documents the objectives, analytical approach, and development of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Residential Sector Demand Module. The report catalogues and describes the model assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and FORTRAN source code.

Quantum chemical spectral characterization of CH2NH2+ for remote sensing of Titan's atmosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thackston, Russell; Fortenberry, Ryan C.

2018-01-01

Cassini has shown that CH2NH2+ is likely present in relatively high abundance in Titan's upper atmosphere. Relatively little is known about this molecule even though it contains the same number of electrons as ethylene, a molecule of significance to Titan's chemistry. Any studies on CH2NH2+ with application to Titan or its atmospheric chemistry will have to be done remotely at this point with the end of the fruitful Cassini mission. Consequently, trusted quantum chemical techniques are utilized here to produce the rotational, vibrational, and rovibrational spectroscopic constants for CH2NH2+ for the first time. The methodology produces a tightly fit potential energy surface here that is well-behaved indicating a strong credence in the accuracy for the produced values. Most notably, the 884.1 cm-1 NH2 out-of-plane bend is the brightest of the vibrational frequencies reported here for CH2NH2+ , and an observed and unattributed feature in this spectral region has been documented but never assigned to a molecular carrier. Follow-up IR or radio observations making use of the 540 GHz to 660 GHz range with the 0.45 D molecular dipole moment will have to be undertaken in order to confirm this or any attribution, but the data provided in this work will greatly assist in any such studies related to CH2NH2+.

High affinity choline uptake (HACU) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in neuronal cultures for mechanistic and drug discovery studies

PubMed Central

Ray, Balmiki; Bailey, Jason A.; Simon, Jay R.; Lahiri, Debomoy K.

2012-01-01

Acetylcholine (ACh) is the neurotransmitter used by cholinergic neurons at the neuromuscular junction and in parasympathetic nerve terminals in the periphery, as well as important memory-related circuits in the brain and also takes part in several critical functions. ACh is synthesized from choline and acetyl coenzyme-A by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). The formation of acetylcholine in cholinergic nerve terminals requires both the transport of choline into the cells from the extracellular space, and the activity of ChAT. High affinity choline uptake (HACU) represents the majority of choline uptake into the nerve terminal, and is the acutely regulated, rate-limiting step in ACh synthesis. The HACU component of choline uptake can be differentiated from non-specific choline uptake by inhibition of the choline transporter with hemicholinium. Several methods have been described previously to measure HACU and ChAT simultaneously in synaptosomes, but a well-documented protocol for cultured cells is lacking. We describe a procedure to simultaneously measure HACU and ChAT in cultured cells by simple radionuclide-based techniques. In this procedure we have quantitatively determined HACU and ChAT activity in cholinergically differentiated human neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cells. These simple methods can be used for neurochemical and drug discovery studies relevant to several disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, myasthenia gravis, and cardiovascular disease. PMID:22752895

Tablet-based cardiac arrest documentation: a pilot study.

PubMed

Peace, Jack M; Yuen, Trevor C; Borak, Meredith H; Edelson, Dana P

2014-02-01

Conventional paper-based resuscitation transcripts are notoriously inaccurate, often lacking the precision that is necessary for recording a fast-paced resuscitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a tablet computer-based application could improve upon conventional practices for resuscitation documentation. Nurses used either the conventional paper code sheet or a tablet application during simulated resuscitation events. Recorded events were compared to a gold standard record generated from video recordings of the simulations and a CPR-sensing defibrillator/monitor. Events compared included defibrillations, medication deliveries, and other interventions. During the study period, 199 unique interventions were observed in the gold standard record. Of these, 102 occurred during simulations recorded by the tablet application, 78 by the paper code sheet, and 19 during scenarios captured simultaneously by both documentation methods These occurred over 18 simulated resuscitation scenarios, in which 9 nurses participated. The tablet application had a mean sensitivity of 88.0% for all interventions, compared to 67.9% for the paper code sheet (P=0.001). The median time discrepancy was 3s for the tablet, and 77s for the paper code sheet when compared to the gold standard (P<0.001). Similar to prior studies, we found that conventional paper-based documentation practices are inaccurate, often misreporting intervention delivery times or missing their delivery entirely. However, our study also demonstrated that a tablet-based documentation method may represent a means to substantially improve resuscitation documentation quality, which could have implications for resuscitation quality improvement and research. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Computer software documentation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Comella, P. A.

1973-01-01

A tutorial in the documentation of computer software is presented. It presents a methodology for achieving an adequate level of documentation as a natural outgrowth of the total programming effort commencing with the initial problem statement and definition and terminating with the final verification of code. It discusses the content of adequate documentation, the necessity for such documentation and the problems impeding achievement of adequate documentation.

A Review of Butyrylcholinesterase as a Therapeutic Target in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

PubMed Central

Ballard, Clive; Bullock, Roger; Darreh-Shori, Taher; Somogyi, Monique

2013-01-01

Objective: To examine the role of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in cholinergic signaling and neurologic conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The rationale for inhibiting cholinesterases in the management of AD, including clinical evidence supporting use of the dual acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and BuChE inhibitor rivastigmine, is discussed. Data Sources: PubMed searches were performed using butyrylcholinesterase as a keyword. English-language articles referenced in PubMed as of September 2011 were included. Study Selection and Data Synthesis: English-language articles related to BuChE considered to be of clinical relevance to physicians were included. English-language articles specifically related to AChE were not included, as the role of AChE in cholinergic signaling and the underlying pathology of AD is well documented. Reference lists of included publications were used to supplement the search. Results: AChE and BuChE play a role in cholinergic signaling; BuChE can hydrolyze acetylcholine and compensate for AChE when levels are depleted. In the AD brain, AChE levels decrease, while BuChE levels are reportedly increased or unchanged, with changes becoming more pronounced during the disease course. Furthermore, BuChE genotype may influence AD risk and rate of disease progression. Strategies that increase acetylcholine levels (eg, cholinesterase inhibitors) demonstrate symptomatic efficacy in AD. Rivastigmine has proven cognitive efficacy in clinical trials, and data suggest that its action is mediated, in part, by inhibition of BuChE. Retrospective analyses of clinical trials provide evidence that BuChE genotype may also influence treatment response. Conclusions: AChE-selective inhibitors and a dual AChE and BuChE inhibitor demonstrate symptomatic efficacy in AD. Mounting preclinical and clinical evidence for a role of BuChE in maintaining normal cholinergic function and the pathology of AD provides a rationale for further studies investigating use of rivastigmine in AD and the influence of BuChE genotype on observed efficacy. PMID:23930233

Developmentally-regulated sodium channel subunits are differentially sensitive to α–cyano containing pyrethroids

EPA Science Inventory

Juvenile rats have been reported to be more sensitive to the acute neurotoxic effects of the pyrethroid deltamethrin than adults. While toxicokinetic differences between juveniles and adults are documented, toxicodynamic differences have not been examined. Voltage-gated sodium ch...

The Korean War: An ERIC/ChESS Sample.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pinhey, Laura A.

2000-01-01

Provides a list of teaching materials and general background documents about the Korean War from the ERIC database. Offers directions for obtaining the full text of materials about the division of South and North Korea, the geography of Korea, and South Korea's economic development. (CMK)

Teaching about World War II: An ERIC/ChESS Sample.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schlene, Vickie L.

1991-01-01

Presents nine documents from the ERIC database dealing with teaching about World War II. Includes articles addressing the lessons of Pearl Harbor, the Holocaust, the wartime internment of Japanese Americans, industry's response to the war, and the moral lessons of Nazism. (SG)

A Peer Helpers Code of Behavior.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de Rosenroll, David A.

This document presents a guide for developing a peer helpers code of behavior. The first section discusses issues relevant to the trainers. These issues include whether to give a model directly to the group or whether to engender "ownership" of the code by the group; timing of introduction of the code; and addressing the issue of…

Roanoke College Student Conduct Code 1990-91.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roanoke Coll., VA.

This Roanoke College (Virginia) 1990-91 conduct code manual is intended for distribution to students. A reproduction of the Academic Integrity and Student Conduct Code Form which all students must sign leads off the document. A section detailing the student conduct code explains the delegation of authority within the institution and describes the…

DFT study of CdS-PVA film

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bala, Vaneeta; Tripathi, S. K.; Kumar, Ranjan

2015-02-01

Density functional theory has been applied to study cadmium sulphide-polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite film. Structural models of two isotactic-polyvinyl alcohol (I-PVA) chains around one cadmium sulphide nanoparticle is considered in which each chain consists three monomer units of [-(CH2CH(OH))-]. All of the hydroxyl groups in I-PVA chains are directed to cadmium sulphide nanoparticle. Electronic and structural properties are investigated using ab-intio density functional code, SIESTA. Structural optimizations are done using local density approximations (LDA). The exchange correlation functional of LDA is parameterized by the Ceperley-Alder (CA) approach. The core electrons are represented by improved Troulier-Martins pseudopotentials. Densities of states clearly show the semiconducting nature of cadmium sulphide polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite.

The Newick utilities: high-throughput phylogenetic tree processing in the UNIX shell.

PubMed

Junier, Thomas; Zdobnov, Evgeny M

2010-07-01

We present a suite of Unix shell programs for processing any number of phylogenetic trees of any size. They perform frequently-used tree operations without requiring user interaction. They also allow tree drawing as scalable vector graphics (SVG), suitable for high-quality presentations and further editing, and as ASCII graphics for command-line inspection. As an example we include an implementation of bootscanning, a procedure for finding recombination breakpoints in viral genomes. C source code, Python bindings and executables for various platforms are available from http://cegg.unige.ch/newick_utils. The distribution includes a manual and example data. The package is distributed under the BSD License. thomas.junier@unige.ch

Flowgen: Flowchart-based documentation for C + + codes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kosower, David A.; Lopez-Villarejo, J. J.

2015-11-01

We present the Flowgen tool, which generates flowcharts from annotated C + + source code. The tool generates a set of interconnected high-level UML activity diagrams, one for each function or method in the C + + sources. It provides a simple and visual overview of complex implementations of numerical algorithms. Flowgen is complementary to the widely-used Doxygen documentation tool. The ultimate aim is to render complex C + + computer codes accessible, and to enhance collaboration between programmers and algorithm or science specialists. We describe the tool and a proof-of-concept application to the VINCIA plug-in for simulating collisions at CERN's Large Hadron Collider.

Geologic emissions of methane to the atmosphere.

PubMed

Etiope, Giuseppe; Klusman, Ronald W

2002-12-01

The atmospheric methane budget is commonly defined assuming that major sources derive from the biosphere (wetlands, rice paddies, animals, termites) and that fossil, radiocarbon-free CH4 emission is due to and mediated by anthropogenic activity (natural gas production and distribution, and coal mining). However, the amount of radiocarbon-free CH4 in the atmosphere, estimated at approximately 20% of atmospheric CH4, is higher than the estimates from statistical data of CH4 emission from fossil fuel related anthropogenic sources. This work documents that significant amounts of "old" methane, produced within the Earth crust, can be released naturally into the atmosphere through gas permeable faults and fractured rocks. Major geologic emissions of methane are related to hydrocarbon production in sedimentary basins (biogenic and thermogenic methane) and, subordinately, to inorganic reactions (Fischer-Tropsch type) in geothermal systems. Geologic CH4 emissions include diffuse fluxes over wide areas, or microseepage, on the order of 10(0)-10(2) mg m(-2) day(-1), and localised flows and gas vents, on the order of 10(2) t y(-1), both on land and on the seafloor. Mud volcanoes producing flows of up to 10(3) t y(-1) represent the largest visible expression of geologic methane emission. Several studies have indicated that methanotrophic consumption in soil may be insufficient to consume all leaking geologic CH4 and positive fluxes into the atmosphere can take place in dry or seasonally cold environments. Unsaturated soils have generally been considered a major sink for atmospheric methane, and never a continuous, intermittent, or localised source to the atmosphere. Although geologic CH4 sources need to be quantified more accurately, a preliminary global estimate indicates that there are likely more than enough sources to provide the amount of methane required to account for the suspected missing source of fossil CH4.

Nondestructive and Strain Testing of Composite Sandwich Panels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goyings, Ryan

In April 2006, Sikorsky Aircraft received a contract from the United States Marine Corps (USMC) to develop a successor to their CH-53E heavy-lift helicopter. The new designation is the CH-53K "Super Stallion" and provides increased operating capabilities through the use of design revisions that incorporate extensive use of carbon fiber composites and composite sandwich panels. "The CH-53K will have five times the capability at half of the operational cost of the aircraft it's replacing. It will be the most capable helicopter ever produced. With more than twice the combat radius of the CH-53E, the CH-53K uses mature technology to deliver a fully shipboard compatible platform to meet current and future Marine Corps requirements". Upon introduction, it will be the largest rotary wing aircraft in the United States Department of Defense. The USMC will incorporate the CH-53K into the Joint Operations Concept of Full Spectrum Dominance and Sea Power 21 thereby enabling rapid, decisive operations and the early termination of conflict by projecting and sustaining forces to distant anti-access, area-denial environments. Even with an increased lift capability, the CH-53K is a slow moving, low flying helicopter susceptible to damage from small arms fire. There is no field level composite repair capability within any maintained documents published by the Department of Defense. Purdue University has developed a field level rapid repair technique capable of returning strength and integrity to damaged carbon composite structural components. The patch is made from carbon fiber weave that is applied using a field capable Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM). This thesis seeks to validate, using nondestructive testing methods and strain monitoring, the manufacturing, damage, and repair process of composite sandwich panels representative of the CH-53K structural panels.

Benchmarking of neutron production of heavy-ion transport codes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Remec, I.; Ronningen, R. M.; Heilbronn, L.

Document available in abstract form only, full text of document follows: Accurate prediction of radiation fields generated by heavy ion interactions is important in medical applications, space missions, and in design and operation of rare isotope research facilities. In recent years, several well-established computer codes in widespread use for particle and radiation transport calculations have been equipped with the capability to simulate heavy ion transport and interactions. To assess and validate these capabilities, we performed simulations of a series of benchmark-quality heavy ion experiments with the computer codes FLUKA, MARS15, MCNPX, and PHITS. We focus on the comparisons of secondarymore » neutron production. Results are encouraging; however, further improvements in models and codes and additional benchmarking are required. (authors)« less

On the methanol emission detection in the TW Hya disc: the role of grain surface chemistry and non-LTE excitation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parfenov, S. Yu.; Semenov, D. A.; Henning, Th.; Shapovalova, A. S.; Sobolev, A. M.; Teague, R.

2017-06-01

The recent detection of gas-phase methanol (CH3OH) lines in the disc of TW Hya by Walsh et al. provided the first observational constraints on the complex O-bearing organic content in protoplanetary discs. The emission has a ring-like morphology, with a peak at ˜30-50 au and an inferred column density of ˜3-6 × 1012 cm-2. A low CH3OH fractional abundance of ˜0.3-4 × 10-11 (with respect to H2) is derived, depending on the assumed vertical location of the CH3OH molecular layer. In this study, we use a thermochemical model of the TW Hya disc, coupled with the alchemic gas-grain chemical model, assuming laboratory-motivated, fast diffusivities of the surface molecules to interpret the CH3OH detection. Based on this disc model, we performed radiative transfer calculations with the lime code and simulations of the observations with the casa simulator. We found that our model allows us to reproduce the observations well. The CH3OH emission in our model appears as a ring with radius of ˜60 au. Synthetic and observed line flux densities are equal within the rms noise level of observations. The synthetic CH3OH spectra calculated assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) can differ by up to a factor of 3.5 from the non-LTE spectra. For the strongest lines, the differences between LTE and non-LTE flux densities are very small and practically negligible. Variations in the diffusivity of the surface molecules can lead to variations of the CH3OH abundance and, therefore, line flux densities by an order of magnitude.

First-principles investigations on ionization and thermal conductivity of polystyrene for inertial confinement fusion applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hu, S. X., E-mail: shu@lle.rochester.edu; Goncharov, V. N.; McCrory, R. L.

2016-04-15

Using quantum molecular-dynamics (QMD) methods based on the density functional theory, we have performed first-principles investigations of the ionization and thermal conductivity of polystyrene (CH) over a wide range of plasma conditions (ρ = 0.5 to 100 g/cm{sup 3} and T = 15 625 to 500 000 K). The ionization data from orbital-free molecular-dynamics calculations have been fitted with a “Saha-type” model as a function of the CH plasma density and temperature, which gives an increasing ionization as the CH density increases even at low temperatures (T < 50 eV). The orbital-free molecular dynamics method is only used to gauge the average ionization behavior of CH under the average-atommore » model in conjunction with the pressure-matching mixing rule. The thermal conductivities (κ{sub QMD}) of CH, derived directly from the Kohn–Sham molecular-dynamics calculations, are then analytically fitted with a generalized Coulomb logarithm [(lnΛ){sub QMD}] over a wide range of plasma conditions. When compared with the traditional ionization and thermal conductivity models used in radiation–hydrodynamics codes for inertial confinement fusion simulations, the QMD results show a large difference in the low-temperature regime in which strong coupling and electron degeneracy play an essential role in determining plasma properties. Hydrodynamic simulations of cryogenic deuterium–tritium targets with CH ablators on OMEGA and the National Ignition Facility using the QMD-derived ionization and thermal conductivity of CH have predicted ∼20% variation in target performance in terms of hot-spot pressure and neutron yield (gain) with respect to traditional model simulations.« less

Hospital clinical trial: Homeopathy (Agraphis nutans 5CH, Thuya occidentalis 5CH, Kalium muriaticum 9CH and Arsenicum iodatum 9CH) as adjuvant, in children with otitis media with effusion.

PubMed

Pedrero-Escalas, M F; Jimenez-Antolin, J; Lassaletta, L; Diaz-Saez, G; Gavilán, J

2016-09-01

Otitis media with effusion (OME) is the most common cause of paediatric hearing loss. No single treatment has proved its effectiveness. There is a lack of evidence-based medicine studies in the area of homeopathy. A prospective randomized, double blinded interventional placebo control study was conducted. Patients, from 2 months to 12 years, with OME diagnosed by pneumatic otoscopy (PNO) and tympanometry, were randomized into two groups. Both groups received aerosol therapy (mucolytics and corticosteroids). In addition, the experimental group (EG) received homeopathy (Agraphis nutans 5CH, Thuya Occidentalis 5CH, Kalium muriaticum 9CH and Arsenicum iodatum), and the placebo group (PG) placebo, both of them for 3 months. Patients were evaluated by PNO examination and tympanometry at baseline, at 45 and 90 days. 97 patients were enrolled. In the EG, 61.9% of individuals were cured (PNO went from negative in the 1st visit to positive in the 3rd visit) compared with 56.8% of patients treated with placebo. 4.8% of patients in the EG suffered a recurrence (positive PNO in the 2nd visit changed to negative in the 3rd visit) while 11.4% did in the PG. No significant difference was found. Adverse events were distributed similarly, except in the case of upper respiratory tract infections, which were less frequent in EG (3 vs. 13, p: 0.009). The homeopathic scheme used as adjuvant treatment cannot be claimed to be an effective treatment in children with OME. EUDRACT number: 2011-006086-17, PROTOCOL code: 55005646. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Excitations Partition into Two Distinct Populations in Bulk Perovskites

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Lili; Brawand, Nicholas P.; Vörös, Márton

2018-01-09

Organolead halide perovskites convert optical excitations to charge carriers with remarkable efficiency in optoelectronic devices. Previous research predominantly documents dynamics in perovskite thin films; however, extensive disorder in this platform may obscure the observed carrier dynamics. Here, carrier dynamics in perovskite single-domain single crystals is examined by performing transient absorption spectroscopy in a transmissive geometry. Two distinct sets of carrier populations that coexist at the same radiation fluence, but display different decay dynamics, are observed: one dominated by second-order recombination and the other by third-order recombination. Based on ab initio simulations, this observation is found to be most consistent withmore » the hypothesis that free carriers and localized carriers coexist due to polaron formation. The calculations suggest that polarons will form in both CH3NH3PbBr3 and CH3NH3PbI3 crystals, but that they are more pronounced in CH3NH3PbBr3. Single-crystal CH3NH3PbBr3 could represent the key to understanding the impact of polarons on the transport properties of perovskite optoelectronic devices.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Lili; Brawand, Nicholas P.; Vörös, Márton

Organolead halide perovskites convert optical excitations to charge carriers with remarkable efficiency in optoelectronic devices. Previous research predominantly documents dynamics in perovskite thin films; however, extensive disorder in this platform may obscure the observed carrier dynamics. Here, carrier dynamics in perovskite single-domain single crystals is examined by performing transient absorption spectroscopy in a transmissive geometry. Two distinct sets of carrier populations that coexist at the same radiation fluence, but display different decay dynamics, are observed: one dominated by second-order recombination and the other by third-order recombination. Based on ab initio simulations, this observation is found to be most consistent withmore » the hypothesis that free carriers and localized carriers coexist due to polaron formation. The calculations suggest that polarons will form in both CH3NH3PbBr3 and CH3NH3PbI3 crystals, but that they are more pronounced in CH3NH3PbBr3. Single-crystal CH3NH3PbBr3 could represent the key to understanding the impact of polarons on the transport properties of perovskite optoelectronic devices.« less

Main Features of a 3d GIS for a Monumental Complex with AN Historical-Cultural Relevance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scianna, A.; La Guardia, M.

2017-05-01

The last achievements of technologies in geomatics especially in survey and restitution of 3D models (UAV/drones and laser scanner technologies) generated new procedures and higher standards of quality in representation of archaeological sites. Together with Geomatics, the recent development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) strongly contribute to document and the Cultural Heritage (CH). The representation and documentation of CH using these new technologies has became necessary in order to satisfy different needs: - for restorers in order to acquire a deep knowledge of the cultural good and to define possible strategies of restoration; - for the conservation of information, allowing to preserve the 3D geometry of the monumental complex with the integration of descriptions about architectural elements; - for touristic aims, giving the opportunity of sharing CH information on web, allowing users to visit and explore, in a virtual way, monumental complexes, acquiring information details about architectural elements or the history of monumental complex. Looking through these new scenarios, the development of a 3D Geographic Information System (GIS) applied to a cultural good could be, today, an added value of fundamental importance for full description and data management of monumental complexes. In this work, the main features necessary for the correct construction of a 3D GIS of a monumental complex will be analyzed, with a particular focus on the possibilities for creating a standardized procedure to follow.

Edge-relevant plasma simulations with the continuum code COGENT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dorf, M.; Dorr, M.; Ghosh, D.; Hittinger, J.; Rognlien, T.; Cohen, R.; Lee, W.; Schwartz, P.

2016-10-01

We describe recent advances in cross-separatrix and other edge-relevant plasma simulations with COGENT, a continuum gyro-kinetic code being developed by the Edge Simulation Laboratory (ESL) collaboration. The distinguishing feature of the COGENT code is its high-order finite-volume discretization methods, which employ arbitrary mapped multiblock grid technology (nearly field-aligned on blocks) to handle the complexity of tokamak divertor geometry with high accuracy. This paper discusses the 4D (axisymmetric) electrostatic version of the code, and the presented topics include: (a) initial simulations with kinetic electrons and development of reduced fluid models; (b) development and application of implicit-explicit (IMEX) time integration schemes; and (c) conservative modeling of drift-waves and the universal instability. Work performed for USDOE, at LLNL under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and at LBNL under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.

First-principles investigations on ionization and thermal conductivity of polystyrene for inertial confinement fusion applications

DOE PAGES

Hu, S. X.; Collins, Lee A.; Goncharov, V. N.; ...

2016-04-14

Using quantum molecular-dynamics (QMD) methods based on the density functional theory, we have performed first-principles investigations on the ionization and thermal conductivity of polystyrene (CH) over a wide range of plasma conditions (ρ = 0.5 to 100 g/cm 3 and T = 15,625 to 500,000 K). The ionization data from orbital-free molecular-dynamics calculations have been fitted with a “Saha-type” model as a function of the CH plasma density and temperature, which exhibits the correct behaviors of continuum lowering and pressure ionization. The thermal conductivities (κ QMD) of CH, derived directly from the Kohn–Sham molecular-dynamics calculations, are then analytically fitted withmore » a generalized Coulomb logarithm [(lnΛ) QMD] over a wide range of plasma conditions. When compared with the traditional ionization and thermal conductivity models used in radiation–hydrodynamics codes for inertial confinement fusion simulations, the QMD results show a large difference in the low-temperature regime in which strong coupling and electron degeneracy play an essential role in determining plasma properties. Furthermore, hydrodynamic simulations of cryogenic deuterium–tritium targets with CH ablators on OMEGA and the National Ignition Facility using the QMD-derived ionization and thermal conductivity of CH have predicted –20% variation in target performance in terms of hot-spot pressure and neutron yield (gain) with respect to traditional model simulations.« less

MILSTAMP TACs: Military Standard Transportation and Movement Procedures Transportation Account Codes. Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-02-15

this chapter. NO - If shipment is not second des - tination transportation , obtain fund cite per yes response for question 2 above. 4. For Direct Support...return . . . . . . . . .0 . . . . . . . a. . .. A820 (8) LOGAIR/QUICKTRANS. Transportation Account Codes de - signed herein are applicable to the...oo~• na~- Transportation Tis Document Contains Tasotto Missing Page/s That Are Unavailable In The And Original Document Movement sdocument has boon

Survey Guidelines and its Reading Criteria for Monitoring and Transmitting Cultural Heritage Values

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

De Masi, A.

2015-08-01

The paper describes reading criteria for an analysis and interpretation of material systems in relation to a built space, survey guidelines and its reading criteria for Cultural Heritage (CH) values'monitoring and transmission. In addition, integrated systems of digital technologies and 2D/3D digitization of CH are introduced for an effective and accurate reading of Venice and Milan's monuments. Specifically, the guidelines for an architectural survey allow to organize and document historic monuments information, and to identify the significant cultural/physical elements of our past in order for them to be preserved and protected for future generations. In addition, in this paper the studied projects introduce a combination of virtual technologies and historical reality with experimenting innovative solutions for CH. From the methodological point of view, this study has made use of the identification of levels of study (LS) differentiated, each of which is capable of identifying categories.

NATIONAL- AND STATE-LEVEL EMISSIONS ESTIMATES OF RADIATIVELY IMPORTANT TRACE GASES (RITGS) FROM ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES

EPA Science Inventory

The report documents the development of national- and state- level emissions estimates of radiatively important trace gases (RlTGs). Emissions estimates are presented for the principal anthropogenic sources of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and o...

Statistical assessment of dumpsite soil suitability to enhance methane bio-oxidation under interactive influence of substrates and temperature.

PubMed

Bajar, Somvir; Singh, Anita; Kaushik, C P; Kaushik, Anubha

2017-05-01

Biocovers are considered as the most effective and efficient way to treat methane (CH 4 ) emission from dumpsites and landfills. Active methanotrophs in the biocovers play a crucial role in reduction of emissions through microbiological methane oxidation. Several factors affecting methane bio-oxidation (MOX) have been well documented, however, their interactive effect on the oxidation process needs to be explored. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the suitability of a dumpsite soil to be employed as biocover, under the influence of substrate concentrations (CH 4 and O 2 ) and temperature at variable incubation periods. Statistical design matrix of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) revealed that MOX rate up to 69.58μgCH 4 g -1 dw h -1 could be achieved under optimum conditions. MOX was found to be more dependent on CH 4 concentration at higher level (30-40%, v/v), in comparison to O 2 concentration. However, unlike other studies MOX was found in direct proportionality relationship with temperature within a range of 25-35°C. The results obtained with the dumpsite soil biocover open up a new possibility to provide improved, sustained and environmental friendly systems to control even high CH 4 emissions from the waste sector. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

78 FR 46504 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans, State of California, San Joaquin Valley...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-01

..., in light of information available at the time, to recognize that the District did not have the... time after the effective date of our May 2004 approval of the 2002- amended District NSR rules (i.e... time, District Rule 2020, citing California Health & Safety Code (CH&SC) section 42310(e), included a...

7 CFR Exhibit E to Subpart A of... - Voluntary National Model Building Codes

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Voluntary National Model Building Codes E Exhibit E... National Model Building Codes The following documents address the health and safety aspects of buildings and related structures and are voluntary national model building codes as defined in § 1924.4(h)(2) of...

7 CFR Exhibit E to Subpart A of... - Voluntary National Model Building Codes

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Voluntary National Model Building Codes E Exhibit E to... Model Building Codes The following documents address the health and safety aspects of buildings and related structures and are voluntary national model building codes as defined in § 1924.4(h)(2) of this...

7 CFR Exhibit E to Subpart A of... - Voluntary National Model Building Codes

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Voluntary National Model Building Codes E Exhibit E... National Model Building Codes The following documents address the health and safety aspects of buildings and related structures and are voluntary national model building codes as defined in § 1924.4(h)(2) of...

Numerical Simulation of Coronal Waves Interacting with Coronal Holes. III. Dependence on Initial Amplitude of the Incoming Wave

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Piantschitsch, Isabell; Vršnak, Bojan; Hanslmeier, Arnold; Lemmerer, Birgit; Veronig, Astrid; Hernandez-Perez, Aaron; Čalogović, Jaša

2018-06-01

We performed 2.5D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations showing the propagation of fast-mode MHD waves of different initial amplitudes and their interaction with a coronal hole (CH), using our newly developed numerical code. We find that this interaction results in, first, the formation of reflected, traversing, and transmitted waves (collectively, secondary waves) and, second, in the appearance of stationary features at the CH boundary. Moreover, we observe a density depletion that is moving in the opposite direction of the incoming wave. We find a correlation between the initial amplitude of the incoming wave and the amplitudes of the secondary waves as well as the peak values of the stationary features. Additionally, we compare the phase speed of the secondary waves and the lifetime of the stationary features to observations. Both effects obtained in the simulation, the evolution of secondary waves, as well as the formation of stationary fronts at the CH boundary, strongly support the theory that coronal waves are fast-mode MHD waves.

Fully relativistic pseudopotential formalism under an atomic orbital basis: spin-orbit splittings and magnetic anisotropies.

PubMed

Cuadrado, R; Cerdá, J I

2012-02-29

We present an efficient implementation of the spin-orbit coupling within the density functional theory based SIESTA code (2002 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 14 2745) using the fully relativistic and totally separable pseudopotential formalism of Hemstreet et al (1993 Phys. Rev. B 47 4238). First, we obtain the spin-orbit splittings for several systems ranging from isolated atoms to bulk metals and semiconductors as well as the Au(111) surface state. Next, and after extensive tests on the accuracy of the formalism, we also demonstrate its capability to yield reliable values for the magnetic anisotropy energy in magnetic systems. In particular, we focus on the L1(0) binary alloys and on two large molecules: Mn(6)O(2)(H -sao)(6)(O(2)CH)(2)(CH(3)OH)(4) and Co(4)(hmp)(4)(CH(3)OH)(4)Cl(4). In all cases our calculated anisotropies are in good agreement with those obtained with full-potential methods, despite the latter being, in general, computationally more demanding.

The ChArMEx database

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferré, Helene; Belmahfoud, Nizar; Boichard, Jean-Luc; Brissebrat, Guillaume; Descloitres, Jacques; Fleury, Laurence; Focsa, Loredana; Henriot, Nicolas; Mastrorillo, Laurence; Mière, Arnaud; Vermeulen, Anne

2014-05-01

The Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx, http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr/) aims at a scientific assessment of the present and future state of the atmospheric environment in the Mediterranean Basin, and of its impacts on the regional climate, air quality, and marine biogeochemistry. The project includes long term monitoring of environmental parameters, intensive field campaigns, use of satellite data and modelling studies. Therefore ChARMEx scientists produce and need to access a wide diversity of data. In this context, the objective of the database task is to organize data management, distribution system and services, such as facilitating the exchange of information and stimulating the collaboration between researchers within the ChArMEx community, and beyond. The database relies on a strong collaboration between OMP and ICARE data centres and has been set up in the framework of the Mediterranean Integrated Studies at Regional And Locals Scales (MISTRALS) program data portal. All the data produced by or of interest for the ChArMEx community will be documented in the data catalogue and accessible through the database website: http://mistrals.sedoo.fr/ChArMEx. At present, the ChArMEx database contains about 75 datasets, including 50 in situ datasets (2012 and 2013 campaigns, Ersa background monitoring station), 25 model outputs (dust model intercomparison, MEDCORDEX scenarios), and a high resolution emission inventory over the Mediterranean. Many in situ datasets have been inserted in a relational database, in order to enable more accurate data selection and download of different datasets in a shared format. The database website offers different tools: - A registration procedure which enables any scientist to accept the data policy and apply for a user database account. - A data catalogue that complies with metadata international standards (ISO 19115-19139; INSPIRE European Directive; Global Change Master Directory Thesaurus). - Metadata forms to document observations or products that will be provided to the database. - A search tool to browse the catalogue using thematic, geographic and/or temporal criteria. - A shopping-cart web interface to order in situ data files. - A web interface to select and access to homogenized datasets. Interoperability between the two data centres is being set up using the OPEnDAP protocol. The data portal will soon propose a user-friendly access to satellite products managed by the ICARE data centre (SEVIRI, TRIMM, PARASOL...). In order to meet the operational needs of the airborne and ground based observational teams during the ChArMEx 2012 and 2013 campaigns, a day-to-day chart and report display website has been developed too: http://choc.sedoo.org. It offers a convenient way to browse weather conditions and chemical composition during the campaign periods.

Nevada Administrative Code for Special Education Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nevada State Dept. of Education, Carson City. Special Education Branch.

This document presents excerpts from Chapter 388 of the Nevada Administrative Code, which concerns definitions, eligibility, and programs for students who are disabled or gifted/talented. The first section gathers together 36 relevant definitions from the Code for such concepts as "adaptive behavior,""autism,""gifted and…

Recent Updates to the MELCOR 1.8.2 Code for ITER Applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Merrill, Brad J

This report documents recent changes made to the MELCOR 1.8.2 computer code for application to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), as required by ITER Task Agreement ITA 81-18. There are four areas of change documented by this report. The first area is the addition to this code of a model for transporting HTO. The second area is the updating of the material oxidation correlations to match those specified in the ITER Safety Analysis Data List (SADL). The third area replaces a modification to an aerosol tranpsort subroutine that specified the nominal aerosol density internally with one that now allowsmore » the user to specify this density through user input. The fourth area corrected an error that existed in an air condensation subroutine of previous versions of this modified MELCOR code. The appendices of this report contain FORTRAN listings of the coding for these modifications.« less

Los Alamos and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories Code-to-Code Comparison of Inter Lab Test Problem 1 for Asteroid Impact Hazard Mitigation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Weaver, Robert P.; Miller, Paul; Howley, Kirsten

The NNSA Laboratories have entered into an interagency collaboration with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to explore strategies for prevention of Earth impacts by asteroids. Assessment of such strategies relies upon use of sophisticated multi-physics simulation codes. This document describes the task of verifying and cross-validating, between Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), modeling capabilities and methods to be employed as part of the NNSA-NASA collaboration. The approach has been to develop a set of test problems and then to compare and contrast results obtained by use of a suite of codes, includingmore » MCNP, RAGE, Mercury, Ares, and Spheral. This document provides a short description of the codes, an overview of the idealized test problems, and discussion of the results for deflection by kinetic impactors and stand-off nuclear explosions.« less

Towards detecting methanol emission in low-mass protoplanetary discs with ALMA: the role of non-LTE excitation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parfenov, S. Yu.; Semenov, D. A.; Sobolev, A. M.; Gray, M. D.

2016-08-01

The understanding of organic content of protoplanetary discs is one of the main goals of the planet formation studies. As an attempt to guide the observational searches for weak lines of complex species in discs, we modelled the (sub)millimetre spectrum of gaseous methanol (CH3OH), one of the simplest organic molecules, in the representative T Tauri system. We used 1+1D disc physical model coupled to the gas-grain ALCHEMIC chemical model with and without 2D-turbulent mixing. The computed CH3OH abundances along with the CH3OH scheme of energy levels of ground and excited torsional states were used to produce model spectra obtained with the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) 3D line radiative transfer code LIME. We found that the modelled non-LTE intensities of the CH3OH lines can be lower by factor of >10-100 than those calculated under assumption of LTE. Though population inversion occurs in the model calculations for many (sub)millimetre transitions, it does not lead to the strong maser amplification and noticeably high line intensities. We identify the strongest CH3OH (sub)millimetre lines that could be searched for with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) in nearby discs. The two best candidates are the CH3OH 50 - 40A+ (241.791 GHz) and 5-1 - 4-1E (241.767 GHz) lines, which could possibly be detected with the ˜5σ signal-to-noise ratio after ˜3 h of integration with the full ALMA array.

Electrocardiographic Abnormalities in Elderly Chagas Disease Patients: 10‐Year Follow‐Up of the Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging

PubMed Central

Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P.; Marcolino, Milena S.; Prineas, Ronald J.; Lima‐Costa, Maria Fernanda

2014-01-01

Background Electrocardiography has been considered an important tool in the management of Chagas disease (ChD) patients, although its value in elderly infected patients is unknown. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence and prognostic value of electrocardiographic abnormalities in Trypanosoma cruzi infected and noninfected older adults. Methods and Results We studied 1462 participants in Bambuí City, Brazil, with electrocardiogram (ECG) records classified by the Minnesota Code. Follow‐up time was 10 years; the endpoint was mortality. Adjustment for potential confounding variables included age, gender, conventional risk factors, and B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP). The mean age was 69 years (60.9% women). The prevalence of ChD was 38.1% (n=557). ECG abnormalities were more frequent in ChD patients (87.6% versus 77.7%, P<0.001). Right bundle branch block (RBBB) with left anterior hemiblock (LAH) was strongly related to ChD (OR: 11.99 [5.60 to 25.69]). During the mean follow‐up time of 8.7 years, 556 participants died (253 with ChD), and only 89 were lost to follow‐up. ECG variables of independent prognostic value for death in ChD included absence of sinus rhythm, frequent ventricular and supraventricular premature beats, atrial fibrillation, RBBB, old and possible old myocardial infarction, and left ventricular hypertrophy. The presence of any major ECG abnormalities doubled the risk of death in ChD patients (HR: 2.18 [1.35 to 3.53]), but it also increased the risk in non‐ChD subjects (HR: 1.50 [1.07 to 2.10]); the risk of death increased with the number of major abnormalities in the same patient. Conclusion ECG abnormalities are more common among elderly Chagas disease patients and strongly predict adverse outcomes. PMID:24510116

75 FR 28594 - Ready-to-Learn Television Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-21

... Federal Register. Free Internet access to the official edition of the Federal Register and the Code of... Access to This Document: You can view this document, as well as all other documents of this Department published in the Federal Register, in text or Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) on the Internet at the...

Rotor Wake/Stator Interaction Noise Prediction Code Technical Documentation and User's Manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Topol, David A.; Mathews, Douglas C.

2010-01-01

This report documents the improvements and enhancements made by Pratt & Whitney to two NASA programs which together will calculate noise from a rotor wake/stator interaction. The code is a combination of subroutines from two NASA programs with many new features added by Pratt & Whitney. To do a calculation V072 first uses a semi-empirical wake prediction to calculate the rotor wake characteristics at the stator leading edge. Results from the wake model are then automatically input into a rotor wake/stator interaction analytical noise prediction routine which calculates inlet aft sound power levels for the blade-passage-frequency tones and their harmonics, along with the complex radial mode amplitudes. The code allows for a noise calculation to be performed for a compressor rotor wake/stator interaction, a fan wake/FEGV interaction, or a fan wake/core stator interaction. This report is split into two parts, the first part discusses the technical documentation of the program as improved by Pratt & Whitney. The second part is a user's manual which describes how input files are created and how the code is run.

Equal Educational Opportunity, Sex Discrimination Prohibited, Ch 392-190.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Washington State Board of Education, Olympia.

This document lists the provisions of the Washington state statute which prohibits sex discrimination in: public schools, employment, counseling and guidance services to students, recreational and athletic activities for students, access to course offerings, and in textbooks and instructional materials used by students. All school districts in…

Protecting surface transportation systems and patrons from terrorist activities : case studies of best security practices and a chronology of attacks

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-12-01

This report documents the first phase of a continuing research effort carried out by the Norman Y. Mineta International Institute for Surface Transportation Policy Studies (IISTPS) on behalf of the U.S. Department of Transportation. It comprises a ch...

76 FR 6651 - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-07

... time that they accept the overall report. Principles and procedures for the IPCC and its preparation of..._documents/ipcc-principles-appendix-a.pdf (pdf) http://ipcc.ch/organization/organization_procedures.shtml In.... The following section of the report discusses risk management at the local, national and international...

40 CFR 98.364 - Monitoring and QA/QC requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... or operator shall document the procedures used to ensure the accuracy of gas flow rate, gas... (CONTINUED) MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Manure Management § 98.364 Monitoring and QA/QC requirements... fraction of total manure managed in each system component. (c) The CH4 concentration of gas from digesters...

40 CFR 98.364 - Monitoring and QA/QC requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... or operator shall document the procedures used to ensure the accuracy of gas flow rate, gas... (CONTINUED) MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Manure Management § 98.364 Monitoring and QA/QC requirements... fraction of total manure managed in each system component. (c) The CH4 concentration of gas from digesters...

40 CFR 98.364 - Monitoring and QA/QC requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... or operator shall document the procedures used to ensure the accuracy of gas flow rate, gas... (CONTINUED) MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Manure Management § 98.364 Monitoring and QA/QC requirements... fraction of total manure managed in each system component. (c) The CH4 concentration of gas from digesters...

ASPEN Plus in the Chemical Engineering Curriculum: Suitable Course Content and Teaching Methodology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rockstraw, David A.

2005-01-01

An established methodology involving the sequential presentation of five skills on ASPEN Plus to undergraduate seniors majoring in ChE is presented in this document: (1) specifying unit operations; (2) manipulating physical properties; (3) accessing variables; (4) specifying nonstandard components; and (5) applying advanced features. This…

Megafauna and frozen soil: the drivers of atmospheric CH4 dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zimov, N.; Zimov, S. A.

2010-12-01

During the last deglaciation (LD) a strong increase in atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations occurred simultaneously with a rise in Greenland temperatures indicating that in the north, during this time period, strong CH4 sources “awakened”, as additionally documented by the appearance of a strong gradient between northern (Greenland) and southern (Antarctica) hemisphere atmospheric CH4 concentrations. This rise could not be caused by wetland expansion. A reconstruction of peatland formation dynamics has indicated that wetlands on Earth were few in LD and only actively expanded 10,000 yr BP, after atmospheric CH4 concentrations began to decline. Destabilization of methane clathrates also could not be the source for atmospheric CH4 increase. Geological CH4 (including methane clathrates) has the highest deuterium content (δD) among all of the known sources of CH4 while atmospheric CH4 δD values determined for the LD were record low. To explain recorded atmospheric CH4 and its isotopic dynamics required a strong northern source, which was active only during the LD and that provided very low δD CH4 values. Such a source is permafrost thawing under anaerobic conditions (or better stated soils of mammoth steppe-tundra ecosystems). Permafrost thawing is the strongest, among known, wetland sources (usually over 100g CH4/m2yr) and has a unique isotopic signature (δD = -400 per mil (-338 to -479 per mil), δ13C = -73 per mil (-58 to -99 per mil)). The main sources of atmospheric CH4 have different isotopic signatures (δ13C, δD). The isotopic content of atmospheric CH4 is a simple function of the weight average for all of the sources. Inclusion of permafrost source into a budget model of the atmospheric methane and its isotopes allowed us to reconstruct the dynamics of methane’s main sources. Model indicated geological source to be negligible as in LGM so and in LD and Holocene. During the glaciation, the largest methane source was megafauna, whose 1.4-1.7 billion ton biomass was larger than the modern biomass of human and domestic animals combined. During the LD, the largest methane source was the thawing of steppe-tundra soils. During the Holocene the largest CH4 source was wetlands. All these estimates correspond with the scales of permafrost degradation in the LD, megafaunal extinction and increase in fire intensity derived from charcoal within stratigraphic columns.

TOUGH+HYDRATE v1.2 User's Manual: A Code for the Simulation of System Behavior in Hydrate-Bearing Geologic Media

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Moridis, George J.; Kowalsky, Michael B.; Pruess, Karsten

TOUGH+HYDRATE v1.2 is a code for the simulation of the behavior of hydratebearing geologic systems, and represents the second update of the code since its first release [Moridis et al., 2008]. By solving the coupled equations of mass and heat balance, TOUGH+HYDRATE can model the non-isothermal gas release, phase behavior and flow of fluids and heat under conditions typical of common natural CH4-hydrate deposits (i.e., in the permafrost and in deep ocean sediments) in complex geological media at any scale (from laboratory to reservoir) at which Darcy’s law is valid. TOUGH+HYDRATE v1.2 includes both an equilibrium and a kinetic modelmore » of hydrate formation and dissociation. The model accounts for heat and up to four mass components, i.e., water, CH4, hydrate, and water-soluble inhibitors such as salts or alcohols. These are partitioned among four possible phases (gas phase, liquid phase, ice phase and hydrate phase). Hydrate dissociation or formation, phase changes and the corresponding thermal effects are fully described, as are the effects of inhibitors. The model can describe all possible hydrate dissociation mechanisms, i.e., depressurization, thermal stimulation, salting-out effects and inhibitor-induced effects. TOUGH+HYDRATE is a member of TOUGH+, the successor to the TOUGH2 [Pruess et al., 1991] family of codes for multi-component, multiphase fluid and heat flow developed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. It is written in standard FORTRAN 95/2003, and can be run on any computational platform (workstation, PC, Macintosh) for which such compilers are available.« less

7 CFR Exhibit E to Subpart A of... - Voluntary National Model Building Codes

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... National Model Building Codes The following documents address the health and safety aspects of buildings... International, Inc., 4051 West Flossmoor Road, Country Club Hills, Illinois 60477. 2 Southern Building Code Congress International, Inc., 900 Montclair Road, Birmingham, Alabama 35213-1206. 3 International...

California Library Laws. 1977.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Silver, Cy H.

This document contains selections from the California Administrative Code, Education Code, Government Code, and others relating to public libraries, county law libraries and the State Library. The first section presents legal developments in California from 1974 to 1976 which are of interest to librarians. Laws and regulations are presented under…

Metal Matrix Laminate Tailoring (MMLT) code: User's manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Murthy, P. L. N.; Morel, M. R.; Saravanos, D. A.

1993-01-01

The User's Manual for the Metal Matrix Laminate Tailoring (MMLT) program is presented. The code is capable of tailoring the fabrication process, constituent characteristics, and laminate parameters (individually or concurrently) for a wide variety of metal matrix composite (MMC) materials, to improve the performance and identify trends or behavior of MMC's under different thermo-mechanical loading conditions. This document is meant to serve as a guide in the use of the MMLT code. Detailed explanations of the composite mechanics and tailoring analysis are beyond the scope of this document, and may be found in the references. MMLT was developed by the Structural Mechanics Branch at NASA Lewis Research Center (LeRC).

Trichloroethylene Hypersensitivity Syndrome Is Potentially Mediated through Its Metabolite Chloral Hydrate.

PubMed

Huang, Yongshun; Xia, Lihua; Wu, Qifeng; Zeng, Zifang; Huang, Zhenlie; Zhou, Shanyu; Jin, Jiachun; Huang, Hanlin

2015-01-01

We documented previously the entity of trichloroethylene (TCE) hypersensitivity syndrome (THS) in occupational workers. To identify the culprit causative compound, determine the type of hypersensitivity of THS, and establish a screening test for subjects at risk of THS. TCE and its main metabolites chloral hydrate (CH), trichloroethanol (TCOH) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) were used as allergens at different concentrations in skin patch tests. The study included 19 case subjects diagnosed with occupational THS, 22 control healthy workers exposed to TCE (exposure >12 weeks), and 20 validation new workers exposed to TCE for <12 weeks free of THS. All subjects were followed-up for 12 weeks after the patch test. The highest patch test positive rate in subjects with THS was for CH, followed by TCOH, TCA and TCE. The CH patch test positive rate was 100% irrespective of CH concentrations (15%, 10% and 5%). The TCOH patch test positive rate was concentration-dependent (89.5%, 73.7% and 52.6% for 5%, 0.5% and 0.05%, respectively). Lower patch test positive rates were noted for TCA and TCE. All patch tests (including four allergens) were all negative in each of the 22 control subjects. None of the subjects of the validation group had a positive 15% CH patch test. Chloral hydrate seems to be the culprit causative compound of THS and type IV seems to be the major type of hypersensitivity of THS. The CH patch test could be potentially useful for screening workers at risk of THS.

Eutrophication increases methane emission to the atmosphere in tropical lagoons: insights from two Ivory Coast sites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

José-mathieu Koné, Yéfanlan; Vieira Borges, Alberto

2017-04-01

Eutrophication increases methane emission to the atmosphere in tropical lagoons: insights from two Ivory Coast sites. Y J M Koné (1) & A.V. Borges (2) (1) Centre de recherches océanologiques (CRO) d'Abidjan, (Ivory Coast) (2) University of Liège, Chemical Oceanography Unit, Liège, Belgium (Belgium) Eutrophication is a worldwide environmental problem and a definitive solution is far from being achieved, despite the large number of studies documenting its causes. In small aquatic ecosystems, excessive growth of macrophytes is a well known undesirable consequence of eutrophication. When these plants die and sink to the bottom the decomposing biomass depletes oxygen content in the water column thus leading to anoxia promoting methane (CH4) production. Here, we reported the CH4 data obtained during six campaigns covering the annual cycle in two small lagoons of Ivory Coast (Ono, Kodjoboué) that are contrasted in the degree of eutrophication and the corresponding coverage of macrophytes (e.g. Echinochloa pyramidalis, Eichhornia crassipes, Hydrilla verticillata). Our data showed a high spatio-temporal variability of CH4 within the lagoons and between the two systems, with CH4 concentrations in surface waters ranging between 80 to 74,604 nmol L-1. The highest CH4 concentration values were observed in the eutrophic Ono lagoon that is covered by 80% of macrophytes, suggesting that lagoons dominated by macrophytes are significant sources of CH4 toward the atmosphere.

Moving Controlled Vocabularies into the Semantic Web

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thomas, R.; Lowry, R. K.; Kokkinaki, A.

2015-12-01

One of the issues with legacy oceanographic data formats is that the only tool available for describing what a measurement is and how it was made is a single metadata tag known as the parameter code. The British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) has been supporting the international oceanographic community gain maximum benefit from this through a controlled vocabulary known as the BODC Parameter Usage Vocabulary (PUV). Over time this has grown to over 34,000 entries some of which have preferred labels with over 400 bytes of descriptive information detailing what was measured and how. A decade ago the BODC pioneered making this information available in a more useful form with the implementation of a prototype vocabulary server (NVS) that referenced each 'parameter code' as a URL. This developed into the current server (NVS V2) in which the parameter URL resolves into an RDF document based on the SKOS data model which includes a list of resource URLs mapped to the 'parameter'. For example the parameter code for a contaminant in biota, such as 'cadmium in Mytilus edulis', carries RDF triples leading to the entry for Mytilus edulis in the WoRMS and for cadmium in the ChEBI ontologies. By providing links into these external ontologies the information captured in a 1980s parameter code now conforms to the Linked Data paradigm of the Semantic Web, vastly increasing the descriptive information accessible to a user. This presentation will describe the next steps along the road to the Semantic Web with the development of a SPARQL end point1 to expose the PUV plus the 190 other controlled vocabularies held in NVS. Whilst this is ideal for those fluent in SPARQL, most users require something a little more user-friendly and so the NVS browser2 was developed over the end point to allow less technical users to query the vocabularies and navigate the NVS ontology. This tool integrates into an editor that allows vocabulary content to be manipulated by authorised users outside BODC. Having placed Linked Data tooling over a single SPARQL end point the obvious future development for this system is to support semantic interoperability outside NVS by the incorporation of federated SPARQL end points in the USA and Australia during the ODIP II project. 1https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/sparql 2 https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/codes_and_formats/vocabulary_search/

A multidisciplinary approach to vascular surgery procedure coding improves coding accuracy, work relative value unit assignment, and reimbursement.

PubMed

Aiello, Francesco A; Judelson, Dejah R; Messina, Louis M; Indes, Jeffrey; FitzGerald, Gordon; Doucet, Danielle R; Simons, Jessica P; Schanzer, Andres

2016-08-01

Vascular surgery procedural reimbursement depends on accurate procedural coding and documentation. Despite the critical importance of correct coding, there has been a paucity of research focused on the effect of direct physician involvement. We hypothesize that direct physician involvement in procedural coding will lead to improved coding accuracy, increased work relative value unit (wRVU) assignment, and increased physician reimbursement. This prospective observational cohort study evaluated procedural coding accuracy of fistulograms at an academic medical institution (January-June 2014). All fistulograms were coded by institutional coders (traditional coding) and by a single vascular surgeon whose codes were verified by two institution coders (multidisciplinary coding). The coding methods were compared, and differences were translated into revenue and wRVUs using the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule. Comparison between traditional and multidisciplinary coding was performed for three discrete study periods: baseline (period 1), after a coding education session for physicians and coders (period 2), and after a coding education session with implementation of an operative dictation template (period 3). The accuracy of surgeon operative dictations during each study period was also assessed. An external validation at a second academic institution was performed during period 1 to assess and compare coding accuracy. During period 1, traditional coding resulted in a 4.4% (P = .004) loss in reimbursement and a 5.4% (P = .01) loss in wRVUs compared with multidisciplinary coding. During period 2, no significant difference was found between traditional and multidisciplinary coding in reimbursement (1.3% loss; P = .24) or wRVUs (1.8% loss; P = .20). During period 3, traditional coding yielded a higher overall reimbursement (1.3% gain; P = .26) than multidisciplinary coding. This increase, however, was due to errors by institution coders, with six inappropriately used codes resulting in a higher overall reimbursement that was subsequently corrected. Assessment of physician documentation showed improvement, with decreased documentation errors at each period (11% vs 3.1% vs 0.6%; P = .02). Overall, between period 1 and period 3, multidisciplinary coding resulted in a significant increase in additional reimbursement ($17.63 per procedure; P = .004) and wRVUs (0.50 per procedure; P = .01). External validation at a second academic institution was performed to assess coding accuracy during period 1. Similar to institution 1, traditional coding revealed an 11% loss in reimbursement ($13,178 vs $14,630; P = .007) and a 12% loss in wRVU (293 vs 329; P = .01) compared with multidisciplinary coding. Physician involvement in the coding of endovascular procedures leads to improved procedural coding accuracy, increased wRVU assignments, and increased physician reimbursement. Copyright © 2016 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Downtown Waterfront Form-Based Code Workshop

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This document is a description of a Smart Growth Implementation Assistance for Coastal Communities project in Marquette, Michigan, to develop a form-based code that would attract and support vibrant development.

CBP Toolbox Version 3.0 “Beta Testing” Performance Evaluation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smith, III, F. G.

2016-07-29

One function of the Cementitious Barriers Partnership (CBP) is to assess available models of cement degradation and to assemble suitable models into a “Toolbox” that would be made available to members of the partnership, as well as the DOE Complex. To this end, SRNL and Vanderbilt University collaborated to develop an interface using the GoldSim software to the STADIUM @ code developed by SIMCO Technologies, Inc. and LeachXS/ORCHESTRA developed by Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN). Release of Version 3.0 of the CBP Toolbox is planned in the near future. As a part of this release, an increased levelmore » of quality assurance for the partner codes and the GoldSim interface has been developed. This report documents results from evaluation testing of the ability of CBP Toolbox 3.0 to perform simulations of concrete degradation applicable to performance assessment of waste disposal facilities. Simulations of the behavior of Savannah River Saltstone Vault 2 and Vault 1/4 concrete subject to sulfate attack and carbonation over a 500- to 1000-year time period were run using a new and upgraded version of the STADIUM @ code and the version of LeachXS/ORCHESTRA released in Version 2.0 of the CBP Toolbox. Running both codes allowed comparison of results from two models which take very different approaches to simulating cement degradation. In addition, simulations of chloride attack on the two concretes were made using the STADIUM @ code. The evaluation sought to demonstrate that: 1) the codes are capable of running extended realistic simulations in a reasonable amount of time; 2) the codes produce “reasonable” results; the code developers have provided validation test results as part of their code QA documentation; and 3) the two codes produce results that are consistent with one another. Results of the evaluation testing showed that the three criteria listed above were met by the CBP partner codes. Therefore, it is concluded that the codes can be used to support performance assessment. This conclusion takes into account the QA documentation produced for the partner codes and for the CBP Toolbox.« less

Development of an audit instrument for nursing care plans in the patient record

PubMed Central

Bjorvell, C; Thorell-Ekstrand, I; Wredling, R

2000-01-01

Objectives—To develop, validate, and test the reliability of an audit instrument that measures the extent to which patient records describe important aspects of nursing care. Material—Twenty records from each of three hospital wards were collected and audited. The auditors were registered nurses with a knowledge of nursing documentation in accordance with the VIPS model—a model designed to structure nursing documentation. (VIPS is an acronym formed from the Swedish words for wellbeing, integrity, prevention, and security.) Methods—An audit instrument was developed by determining specific criteria to be met. The audit questions were aimed at revealing the content of the patient for nursing assessment, nursing diagnosis, planned interventions, and outcome. Each of the 60 records was reviewed by the three auditors independently and the reliability of the instrument was tested by calculating the inter-rater reliability coefficient. Content validity was tested by using an expert panel and calculating the content validity ratio. The criterion related validity was estimated by the correlation between the score of the Cat-ch-Ing instrument and the score of an earlier developed and used audit instrument. The results were then tested by using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results—The new audit instrument, named Cat-ch-Ing, consists of 17 questions designed to judge the nursing documentation. Both quantity and quality variables are judged on a rating scale from zero to three, with a maximum score of 80. The inter-rater reliability coefficients were 0.98, 0.98, and 0.92, respectively for each group of 20 records, the content validity ratio ranged between 0.20 and 1.0 and the criterion related validity showed a significant correlation of r = 0.68 (p< 0.0001, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.76) between the two audit instruments. Conclusion—The Cat-ch-Ing instrument has proved to be a valid and reliable audit instrument for nursing records when the VIPS model is used as the basis of the documentation. (Quality in Health Care 2000;9:6–13) Key Words: audit instrument; nursing care plans; quality assurance PMID:10848373

Predicting Complex Organic Molecule Emission from TW Hya

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vissapragada, Shreyas; Walsh, Catherine

2017-01-01

The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has significantly increased our ability to observe the rich chemical inventory of star and planet formation. ALMA has recently been used to detect CH3OH (methanol) and CH3CN (methyl cyanide) in protoplanetary disks; these molecules may be vital indicators of the complex organic ice reservoir in the comet-forming zone. We have constructed a physiochemical model of TW Hya, a well-studied protoplanetary disk, to explore the different formation mechanisms of complex ices. By running our model through a radiative transfer code and convolving with beam sizes appropriate for ALMA, we have obtained synthetic observations of methanol and methyl cyanide. Here, we compare and comment on these synthetic observations, and provide astrochemical justification for their spatial distributions.

The Newick utilities: high-throughput phylogenetic tree processing in the Unix shell

PubMed Central

Junier, Thomas; Zdobnov, Evgeny M.

2010-01-01

Summary: We present a suite of Unix shell programs for processing any number of phylogenetic trees of any size. They perform frequently-used tree operations without requiring user interaction. They also allow tree drawing as scalable vector graphics (SVG), suitable for high-quality presentations and further editing, and as ASCII graphics for command-line inspection. As an example we include an implementation of bootscanning, a procedure for finding recombination breakpoints in viral genomes. Availability: C source code, Python bindings and executables for various platforms are available from http://cegg.unige.ch/newick_utils. The distribution includes a manual and example data. The package is distributed under the BSD License. Contact: thomas.junier@unige.ch PMID:20472542

7 CFR Exhibit E to Subpart A of... - Voluntary National Model Building Codes

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Voluntary National Model Building Codes E Exhibit E... HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY... National Model Building Codes The following documents address the health and safety aspects of buildings...

78 FR 35143 - 1,3-Propanediol; Exemptions From the Requirement of a Tolerance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-12

... rabbits. Dermal sensitization studies on guinea pigs showed that 1,3-propanediol is not a sensitizer. In a... whether this document applies to them. Potentially affected entities may include: Crop production (NAICS code 111). Animal production (NAICS code 112). Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide...

National evaluation of the benefits and risks of greater structuring and coding of the electronic health record: exploratory qualitative investigation.

PubMed

Morrison, Zoe; Fernando, Bernard; Kalra, Dipak; Cresswell, Kathrin; Sheikh, Aziz

2014-01-01

We aimed to explore stakeholder views, attitudes, needs, and expectations regarding likely benefits and risks resulting from increased structuring and coding of clinical information within electronic health records (EHRs). Qualitative investigation in primary and secondary care and research settings throughout the UK. Data were derived from interviews, expert discussion groups, observations, and relevant documents. Participants (n=70) included patients, healthcare professionals, health service commissioners, policy makers, managers, administrators, systems developers, researchers, and academics. Four main themes arose from our data: variations in documentation practice; patient care benefits; secondary uses of information; and informing and involving patients. We observed a lack of guidelines, co-ordination, and dissemination of best practice relating to the design and use of information structures. While we identified immediate benefits for direct care and secondary analysis, many healthcare professionals did not see the relevance of structured and/or coded data to clinical practice. The potential for structured information to increase patient understanding of their diagnosis and treatment contrasted with concerns regarding the appropriateness of coded information for patients. The design and development of EHRs requires the capture of narrative information to reflect patient/clinician communication and computable data for administration and research purposes. Increased structuring and/or coding of EHRs therefore offers both benefits and risks. Documentation standards within clinical guidelines are likely to encourage comprehensive, accurate processing of data. As data structures may impact upon clinician/patient interactions, new models of documentation may be necessary if EHRs are to be read and authored by patients.

National evaluation of the benefits and risks of greater structuring and coding of the electronic health record: exploratory qualitative investigation

PubMed Central

Morrison, Zoe; Fernando, Bernard; Kalra, Dipak; Cresswell, Kathrin; Sheikh, Aziz

2014-01-01

Objective We aimed to explore stakeholder views, attitudes, needs, and expectations regarding likely benefits and risks resulting from increased structuring and coding of clinical information within electronic health records (EHRs). Materials and methods Qualitative investigation in primary and secondary care and research settings throughout the UK. Data were derived from interviews, expert discussion groups, observations, and relevant documents. Participants (n=70) included patients, healthcare professionals, health service commissioners, policy makers, managers, administrators, systems developers, researchers, and academics. Results Four main themes arose from our data: variations in documentation practice; patient care benefits; secondary uses of information; and informing and involving patients. We observed a lack of guidelines, co-ordination, and dissemination of best practice relating to the design and use of information structures. While we identified immediate benefits for direct care and secondary analysis, many healthcare professionals did not see the relevance of structured and/or coded data to clinical practice. The potential for structured information to increase patient understanding of their diagnosis and treatment contrasted with concerns regarding the appropriateness of coded information for patients. Conclusions The design and development of EHRs requires the capture of narrative information to reflect patient/clinician communication and computable data for administration and research purposes. Increased structuring and/or coding of EHRs therefore offers both benefits and risks. Documentation standards within clinical guidelines are likely to encourage comprehensive, accurate processing of data. As data structures may impact upon clinician/patient interactions, new models of documentation may be necessary if EHRs are to be read and authored by patients. PMID:24186957

Poster - 28: Shielding of X-ray Rooms in Ontario in the Absence of Best Practice

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Frimeth, Jeff; Richer, Jeff; Nesbitt, James

This poster will be strictly based on the Healing Arts Radiation Protection (HARP) Act, Regulation 543 under this Act (X-ray Safety Code), and personal communication the presenting author has had. In Ontario, the process of approval of an X-ray machine installation by the Director of the X-ray Inspection Service (XRIS) follows a certain protocol. Initially, the applicant submits a series of forms, including recommended shielding amounts, in order to satisfy the law. This documentation is then transferred to a third-party vendor (i.e. a professional engineer – P.Eng.) outsourced by the Ministry of Health and Long-term Care (MOHLTC). The P.Eng. thenmore » evaluates the submitted documentation for appropriate fulfillment of the HARP Act and Reg. 543 requirements. If the P.Eng.’s evaluation of the documentation is to their satisfaction, the XRIS is then notified. Finally, the Director will then issue a letter of approval to install the equipment at the facility. The methodology required to be used by the P.Eng. in order to determine the required amounts of protective barriers, and recommended to be used by the applicant, is contained within Safety Code 20A. However, Safety Code 35 has replaced the obsolete Safety Code 20A document and employs best practices in shielding design. This talk will focus further on specific intentions and limitations of Safety Code 20A. Furthermore, this talk will discuss the definition of the “practice of professional engineering” in Ontario. COMP members who are involved in shielding design are strongly encouraged to attend.« less

Combining dictionary techniques with extensible markup language (XML)--requirements to a new approach towards flexible and standardized documentation.

PubMed Central

Altmann, U.; Tafazzoli, A. G.; Noelle, G.; Huybrechts, T.; Schweiger, R.; Wächter, W.; Dudeck, J. W.

1999-01-01

In oncology various international and national standards exist for the documentation of different aspects of a disease. Since elements of these standards are repeated in different contexts, a common data dictionary could support consistent representation in any context. For the construction of such a dictionary existing documents have to be worked up in a complex procedure, that considers aspects of hierarchical decomposition of documents and of domain control as well as aspects of user presentation and models of the underlying model of patient data. In contrast to other thesauri, text chunks like definitions or explanations are very important and have to be preserved, since oncologic documentation often means coding and classification on an aggregate level and the safe use of coding systems is an important precondition for comparability of data. This paper discusses the potentials of the use of XML in combination with a dictionary for the promotion and development of standard conformable applications for tumor documentation. PMID:10566311

Methane Fluxes from Subtropical Wetlands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

DeLucia, N.; Gomez-Casanovas, N.; Bernacchi, C.

2013-12-01

It is well documented that green house gas concentrations have risen at unequivocal rates since the industrial revolution but the disparity between anthropogenic sources and natural sources is uncertain. Wetlands are one example of a natural ecosystem that can be a substantial source or sink for methane (CH4) depending on climate conditions. Due to strict anaerobic conditions required for CH4-generating microorganisms, natural wetlands are one of the main sources for biogenic CH4. Although wetlands occupy less than 5% of total land surface area, they contribute approximately 20% of total CH4 emissions to the atmosphere. The processes regulating CH4 emissions are sensitive to land use and management practices of areas surrounding wetlands. Variation in adjacent vegetation or grazing intensity by livestock can, for example, alter CH4 fluxes from wetland soils by altering nutrient balance, carbon inputs and hydrology. Therefore, understanding how these changes will affect wetland source strength is essential to understand the impact of wetland management practices on the global climate system. In this study we quantify wetland methane fluxes from subtropical wetlands on a working cattle ranch in central Florida near Okeechobee Lake (27o10'52.04'N, 81o21'8.56'W). To determine differences in CH4 fluxes associated with land use and management, a replicated (n = 4) full factorial experiment was designed for wetlands where the surrounding vegetation was (1) grazed or un-grazed and (2) composed of native vegetation or improved pasture. Net exchange of CH4 and CO2 between the land surface and the atmosphere were sampled with a LICOR Li-7700 open path CH4 analyzer and Li-7500A open path CO2/H20 analyzer mounted in a 1-m3 static gas-exchange chamber. Our results showed and verified that CH4 emissions from subtropical wetlands were larger when high soil moisture was coupled with high temperatures. The presence of cattle only amplified these results. These results help quantify GHG emissions from subtropical wetlands while demonstrating the differences in these fluxes based on the surrounding ecosystem.

Computer Description of Black Hawk Helicopter

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-06-01

Model Combinatorial Geometry Models Black Hawk Helicopter Helicopter GIFT Computer Code Geometric Description of Targets 20. ABSTRACT...description was made using the technique of combinatorial geometry (COM-GEOM) and will be used as input to the GIFT computer code which generates Tliic...rnHp The data used bv the COVART comtmter code was eenerated bv the Geometric Information for Targets ( GIFT )Z computer code. This report documents

Federal Logistics Information Systems. FLIS Procedures Manual. Document Identifier Code Input/Output Formats (Variable Length). Volume 9.

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-04-01

DATA COLLABORATORS 0001N B NQ 8380 NUMBER OF DATA RECEIVERS 0001N B NQ 2533 AUTHORIZED ITEM IDENTIFICATION DATA COLLABORATOR CODE 0002 ,X B 03 18 TD...01 NC 8268 DATA ELEMENT TERMINATOR CODE 000iX VT 9505 TYPE OF SCREENING CODE 0001A 01 NC 8268 DATA ELEMENT TERMINATOR CODE 000iX VT 4690 OUTPUT DATA... 9505 TYPE OF SCREENING CODE 0001A 2 89 2910 REFERENCE NUMBER CATEGORY CODE (RNCC) 0001X 2 89 4780 REFERENCE NUMBER VARIATION CODE (RNVC) 0001 N 2 89

Electronic Document Delivery: OCLC's Prototype System.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hickey, Thomas B.; Calabrese, Andrew M.

1986-01-01

Describes development of system for retrieval of documents from magnetic storage that uses stored font definition codes to control an inexpensive laser printer in the production of copies that closely resemble original document. Trends in information equipment and printing industries that will govern future application of this technology are…

39 CFR 3007.2 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... information, documents, and things in its possession or control, or any information, documents, and things... under title 39 of the U.S. Code. Information, documents, and things the Postal Service may be required to provide, include, but are not limited to, paper hard copy and electronically stored data and...

Computer Code for Transportation Network Design and Analysis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-01-01

This document describes the results of research into the application of the mathematical programming technique of decomposition to practical transportation network problems. A computer code called Catnap (for Control Analysis Transportation Network A...

Documentation of a numerical code for the simulation of variable density ground-water flow in three dimensions

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kuiper, L.K.

1985-01-01

A numerical code is documented for the simulation of variable density time dependent groundwater flow in three dimensions. The groundwater density, although variable with distance, is assumed to be constant in time. The Integrated Finite Difference grid elements in the code follow the geologic strata in the modeled area. If appropriate, the determination of hydraulic head in confining beds can be deleted to decrease computation time. The strongly implicit procedure (SIP), successive over-relaxation (SOR), and eight different preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) methods are used to solve the approximating equations. The use of the computer program that performs the calculations in the numerical code is emphasized. Detailed instructions are given for using the computer program, including input data formats. An example simulation and the Fortran listing of the program are included. (USGS)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Watson, C.R.

The SNODOG Glossary is used by the DOE-supported life-span beagle studies to describe medical observations in a standardized format. It is an adaptation of the human medical glossary, SNOMED, which lists 107,165 terms. Each of the five laboratories, Argonne National Laboratory, the Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, the Pacific Northwest Laboratory, the University of California at Davis, and the University of Utah, has selected an appropriate subset from the published SNOMED glossary and added beagle and research-specific terms. The National Radiobiology Archives is the coordinator of these enhancements, and periodically distributes SNODOG to the respective laboratories. Information donated by Colorado Statemore » University and Oak Ridge National Laboratory has been related to SNODOG and is available in a standardized format. This document is designed for the database manager and the scientist who will be managing or coding medical observations. It is also designed for the scientist analyzing coded information. The document includes: an overview of the NRA and the SNODOG glossary, a discussion of hardware requirements, a review of the SNODOG code structure and printed lists of the 4,770 terms which have been used at least once. Instructions for obtaining electronic copies of the glossary and for nominating additional terms are provided. This document describes the origins and structure of the SNODOG codes, explains code usage at each participating institution, and presents a usage frequency tabulation of the terms for neoplasia. A diskette or magnetic tape containing 15,641 SNODOG codes and translations is available on request.« less

SNODOG Glossary: Part 1, Introduction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Watson, C.R.

The SNODOG Glossary is used by the DOE-supported life-span beagle studies to describe medical observations in a standardized format. It is an adaptation of the human medical glossary, SNOMED, which lists 107,165 terms. Each of the five laboratories, Argonne National Laboratory, the Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, the Pacific Northwest Laboratory, the University of California at Davis, and the University of Utah, has selected an appropriate subset from the published SNOMED glossary and added beagle and research-specific terms. The National Radiobiology Archives is the coordinator of these enhancements, and periodically distributes SNODOG to the respective laboratories. Information donated by Colorado Statemore » University and Oak Ridge National Laboratory has been related to SNODOG and is available in a standardized format. This document is designed for the database manager and the scientist who will be managing or coding medical observations. It is also designed for the scientist analyzing coded information. The document includes: an overview of the NRA and the SNODOG glossary, a discussion of hardware requirements, a review of the SNODOG code structure and printed lists of the 4,770 terms which have been used at least once. Instructions for obtaining electronic copies of the glossary and for nominating additional terms are provided. This document describes the origins and structure of the SNODOG codes, explains code usage at each participating institution, and presents a usage frequency tabulation of the terms for neoplasia. A diskette or magnetic tape containing 15,641 SNODOG codes and translations is available on request.« less

Quantifying the improvement in sepsis diagnosis, documentation, and coding: the marginal causal effect of year of hospitalization on sepsis diagnosis.

PubMed

Jafarzadeh, S Reza; Thomas, Benjamin S; Marschall, Jonas; Fraser, Victoria J; Gill, Jeff; Warren, David K

2016-01-01

To quantify the coinciding improvement in the clinical diagnosis of sepsis, its documentation in the electronic health records, and subsequent medical coding of sepsis for billing purposes in recent years. We examined 98,267 hospitalizations in 66,208 patients who met systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria at a tertiary care center from 2008 to 2012. We used g-computation to estimate the causal effect of the year of hospitalization on receiving an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification discharge diagnosis code for sepsis by estimating changes in the probability of getting diagnosed and coded for sepsis during the study period. When adjusted for demographics, Charlson-Deyo comorbidity index, blood culture frequency per hospitalization, and intensive care unit admission, the causal risk difference for receiving a discharge code for sepsis per 100 hospitalizations with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, had the hospitalization occurred in 2012, was estimated to be 3.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8%-4.0%), 3.4% (95% CI, 3.3%-3.5%), 2.2% (95% CI, 2.1%-2.3%), and 0.9% (95% CI, 0.8%-1.1%) from 2008 to 2011, respectively. Patients with similar characteristics and risk factors had a higher of probability of getting diagnosed, documented, and coded for sepsis in 2012 than in previous years, which contributed to an apparent increase in sepsis incidence. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

STAR-CCM+ Verification and Validation Plan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pointer, William David

2016-09-30

The commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code STAR-CCM+ provides general purpose finite volume method solutions for fluid dynamics and energy transport. This document defines plans for verification and validation (V&V) of the base code and models implemented within the code by the Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light water reactors (CASL). The software quality assurance activities described herein are port of the overall software life cycle defined in the CASL Software Quality Assurance (SQA) Plan [Sieger, 2015]. STAR-CCM+ serves as the principal foundation for development of an advanced predictive multi-phase boiling simulation capability within CASL. The CASL Thermal Hydraulics Methodsmore » (THM) team develops advanced closure models required to describe the subgrid-resolution behavior of secondary fluids or fluid phases in multiphase boiling flows within the Eulerian-Eulerian framework of the code. These include wall heat partitioning models that describe the formation of vapor on the surface and the forces the define bubble/droplet dynamic motion. The CASL models are implemented as user coding or field functions within the general framework of the code. This report defines procedures and requirements for V&V of the multi-phase CFD capability developed by CASL THM. Results of V&V evaluations will be documented in a separate STAR-CCM+ V&V assessment report. This report is expected to be a living document and will be updated as additional validation cases are identified and adopted as part of the CASL THM V&V suite.« less

Industrial Demand Module - NEMS Documentation

EIA Publications

2014-01-01

Documents the objectives, analytical approach, and development of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Industrial Demand Module. The report catalogues and describes model assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.

Laser Ionization Studies of Hydrocarbon Flames.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bernstein, Jeffrey Scott

Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) and laser induced fluorescence (LIF) are applied as laser based flame diagnostics for studies of hydrocarbon combustion chemistry. rm CH_4/O_2, C _2H_4/O_2, and rm C_2H_6/O_2 low pressure ( ~20 Torr), stoichiometric burner stabilized flat flames are studied. Density profiles of intermediate flame species, existing at ppm concentrations, are mapped out as a function of distance from the burner head. Profiles resulting from REMPI and LIF detection are obtained for HCO, CH_3, H, O, OH, CH, and CO flame radicals. The above flame systems are computer modeled against currently accepted combustion mechanisms using the Chemkin and Premix flame codes developed at Sandia National Laboratories. The modeled profile densities show good agreement with the experimental results of the CH_4/O_2 flame system, thus confirming the current C1 kinetic flame mechanism. Discrepancies between experimental and modeled results are found with the C2 flames. These discrepancies are partially amended by modifying the rate constant of the rm C_2H_3+rm O_2 to H_2CO + HCO reaction. The modeled results computed with the modified rate constant strongly suggest that the kinetics of several or possibly many reactions in the C2 mechanism need refinement.

The Adverse Effects of Le Châtelier's Principle on Teacher Understanding of Chemical Equilibrium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheung, Derek

2009-04-01

Although the scientific inadequacy of Le Châtelier's principle has long been documented in the literature, the principle is still treated as a central concept of chemical equilibrium by textbook writers and teachers in many countries. In the past, researchers' interest has focused on student misconceptions about chemical equilibrium and has neglected teacher misconceptions. This study aimed to determine how Le Châtelier's principle adversely affects teachers' ability to solve chemical equilibrium problems. This area of research is critically important because teachers cannot help their students understand what they themselves do not understand. In this study, a misconception test was developed and administered to a sample of 33 secondary chemistry teachers in Hong Kong. The test consisted of three open-ended chemical equilibrium questions. Analysis of teacher responses revealed that most of the 33 teachers failed the test as they relied on Le Châtelier's principle rather than the equilibrium law to tackle the three chemical equilibrium problems. Teachers' misconceptions about chemical equilibrium were categorized. Implications of these findings for chemistry teacher education and selection of curriculum content for school chemistry are discussed.

Anticholinesterase exposure of white-winged doves breeding in lower Rio Grande valley, Texas

USGS Publications Warehouse

Tacha, T.C.; Schacht, S.J.; George, R.R.; Hill, E.F.

1994-01-01

We studied exposure of breeding white-winged doves (Zenaida asiatica) to anticholinesterase compounds (organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides) in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV), Texas. Widespread use of organophosphorus pesticides and dove population declines prompted the study. We collected breeding adult doves in May and July 1991 (n = 28) and July 1992 (n = 33) at 6 locations. We used depression of whole-brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity (2 SD below control mean) to detect exposure; values from 4 hand-reared doves fed commercial pigeon chow served as the control. Mean brain ChE activity was lower (P lt 0.027) than the control sample at all 6 locations in 1991; 79% of the birds were diagnostic of exposure ( gt 16.1% ChE depression). Pooled 1992 field samples also were lower (P lt 0.036) than were control samples; doves from 4 of the 6 locations had brain ChE activity below (P lt 0.088) controls. Overall, 39% of 1992 doves were diagnostic of exposure to anticholinesterase compounds. Higher exposure rates in 1991 were probably due to increased use of organophosphorus pesticides. Research is needed documenting effects of sublethal exposure on white-winged dove productivity.

Quality of outpatient clinical notes: a stakeholder definition derived through qualitative research.

PubMed

Hanson, Janice L; Stephens, Mark B; Pangaro, Louis N; Gimbel, Ronald W

2012-11-19

There are no empirically-grounded criteria or tools to define or benchmark the quality of outpatient clinical documentation. Outpatient clinical notes document care, communicate treatment plans and support patient safety, medical education, medico-legal investigations and reimbursement. Accurately describing and assessing quality of clinical documentation is a necessary improvement in an increasingly team-based healthcare delivery system. In this paper we describe the quality of outpatient clinical notes from the perspective of multiple stakeholders. Using purposeful sampling for maximum diversity, we conducted focus groups and individual interviews with clinicians, nursing and ancillary staff, patients, and healthcare administrators at six federal health care facilities between 2009 and 2011. All sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed and qualitatively analyzed using open, axial and selective coding. The 163 participants included 61 clinicians, 52 nurse/ancillary staff, 31 patients and 19 administrative staff. Three organizing themes emerged: 1) characteristics of quality in clinical notes, 2) desired elements within the clinical notes and 3) system supports to improve the quality of clinical notes. We identified 11 codes to describe characteristics of clinical notes, 20 codes to describe desired elements in quality clinical notes and 11 codes to describe clinical system elements that support quality when writing clinical notes. While there was substantial overlap between the aspects of quality described by the four stakeholder groups, only clinicians and administrators identified ease of translation into billing codes as an important characteristic of a quality note. Only patients rated prioritization of their medical problems as an aspect of quality. Nurses included care and education delivered to the patient, information added by the patient, interdisciplinary information, and infection alerts as important content. Perspectives of these four stakeholder groups provide a comprehensive description of quality in outpatient clinical documentation. The resulting description of characteristics and content necessary for quality notes provides a research-based foundation for assessing the quality of clinical documentation in outpatient health care settings.

Some Practical Universal Noiseless Coding Techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rice, Robert F.

1994-01-01

Report discusses noiseless data-compression-coding algorithms, performance characteristics and practical consideration in implementation of algorithms in coding modules composed of very-large-scale integrated circuits. Report also has value as tutorial document on data-compression-coding concepts. Coding techniques and concepts in question "universal" in sense that, in principle, applicable to streams of data from variety of sources. However, discussion oriented toward compression of high-rate data generated by spaceborne sensors for lower-rate transmission back to earth.

JSC document index

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1988-01-01

The Johnson Space Center (JSC) document index is intended to provide a single source listing of all published JSC-numbered documents their authors, and the designated offices of prime responsibility (OPR's) by mail code at the time of publication. The index contains documents which have been received and processed by the JSC Technical Library as of January 13, 1988. Other JSC-numbered documents which are controlled but not available through the JSC Library are also listed.

Testing For Ecological Correlations between Greenhouse Gas Fluxes and their Potential Biotic Drivers in Coastal Wetlands

EPA Science Inventory

The role of coastal wetlands in ameliorating the plight of climate change is well documented. Per unit area, coastal wetlands are among the largest natural carbon sinks, taking up abundant carbon dioxide (CO2) and emitting minimal methane (CH4). While the role of coastal marsh ...

SIERRA Code Coupling Module: Arpeggio User Manual Version 4.44

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Subia, Samuel R.; Overfelt, James R.; Baur, David G.

2017-04-01

The SNL Sierra Mechanics code suite is designed to enable simulation of complex multiphysics scenarios. The code suite is composed of several specialized applications which can operate either in standalone mode or coupled with each other. Arpeggio is a supported utility that enables loose coupling of the various Sierra Mechanics applications by providing access to Framework services that facilitate the coupling. More importantly Arpeggio orchestrates the execution of applications that participate in the coupling. This document describes the various components of Arpeggio and their operability. The intent of the document is to provide a fast path for analysts interested inmore » coupled applications via simple examples of its usage.« less

Testing For Ecological Correlations between Greenhouse Gas ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The role of coastal wetlands in ameliorating the plight of climate change is well documented. Per unit area, coastal wetlands are among the largest natural carbon sinks, taking up abundant carbon dioxide (CO2) and emitting minimal methane (CH4). While the role of coastal marsh vegetation in mediating CO2 and CH4 flux dynamics has been well-studied, less is known about effects that other biotic drivers, including marsh invertebrates, exert on GHG fluxes. Crabs and mollusks may directly alter soil biogeochemistry and GHG fluxes by bioturbation and deposition of nutrient-rich feces, and indirectly through impacts to vegetation. The objective of this research was to survey GHG fluxes along a gradient of fiddler crab (Uca pugnax) and ribbed mussel (Geukensia demissa) densities. Surveys were performed in a Rhode Island salt marsh at randomly-chosen points in both the Spartina alterniflora-vegetated low marsh and the unvegetated creek bank. During the peak growing season, GHG (CO2 and CH4) fluxes and S. alterniflora, live and dead mussel, and crab burrow densities were measured. GHG fluxes differed substantially between the S. alterniflora marsh and creek bank, with greater CO2 uptake and CH4 emission in the S. alterniflora marsh than along the creek bank. In the S. alterniflora marsh, Spearman’s Correlation Analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between density of dead mussels and CH4 emission. However, none of the measured variables correlat

Unveiling combinatorial regulation through the combination of ChIP information and in silico cis-regulatory module detection

PubMed Central

Sun, Hong; Guns, Tias; Fierro, Ana Carolina; Thorrez, Lieven; Nijssen, Siegfried; Marchal, Kathleen

2012-01-01

Computationally retrieving biologically relevant cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) is not straightforward. Because of the large number of candidates and the imperfection of the screening methods, many spurious CRMs are detected that are as high scoring as the biologically true ones. Using ChIP-information allows not only to reduce the regions in which the binding sites of the assayed transcription factor (TF) should be located, but also allows restricting the valid CRMs to those that contain the assayed TF (here referred to as applying CRM detection in a query-based mode). In this study, we show that exploiting ChIP-information in a query-based way makes in silico CRM detection a much more feasible endeavor. To be able to handle the large datasets, the query-based setting and other specificities proper to CRM detection on ChIP-Seq based data, we developed a novel powerful CRM detection method ‘CPModule’. By applying it on a well-studied ChIP-Seq data set involved in self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells, we demonstrate how our tool can recover combinatorial regulation of five known TFs that are key in the self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells. Additionally, we make a number of new predictions on combinatorial regulation of these five key TFs with other TFs documented in TRANSFAC. PMID:22422841

Spatial and Temporal Correlates of Greenhouse Gas Diffusion from a Hydropower Reservoir in the Southern United States

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mosher, Jennifer; Fortner, Allison M.; Phillips, Jana Randolph

Emissions of CO 2 and CH 4 from freshwater reservoirs constitute a globally significant source of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs), but knowledge gaps remain with regard to spatiotemporal drivers of emissions. We document the spatial and seasonal variation in surface diffusion of CO 2 and CH 4 from Douglas Lake, a hydropower reservoir in Tennessee, USA. Monthly estimates across 13 reservoir sites from January to November 2010 indicated that surface diffusions ranged from 236 to 18,806 mg m -2 day -1 for CO 2 and 0 to 0.95 mg m -2 day -1 for CH 4. Next, we developed statisticalmore » models using spatial and physicochemical variables to predict surface diffusions of CO 2 and CH 4. Models explained 22.7 and 20.9% of the variation in CO 2 and CH4 diffusions, respectively, and identified pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and Julian day as the most informative important predictors. These findings provide baseline estimates of GHG emissions from a reservoir in eastern temperate North America a region for which estimates of reservoir GHGs emissions are limited. Our statistical models effectively characterized non-linear and threshold relationships between physicochemical predictors and GHG emissions. Further refinement of such models will aid in predicting current GHG emissions in unsampled reservoirs and forecasting future GHG emissions.« less

Spatial and Temporal Correlates of Greenhouse Gas Diffusion from a Hydropower Reservoir in the Southern United States

DOE PAGES

Mosher, Jennifer; Fortner, Allison M.; Phillips, Jana Randolph; ...

2015-10-29

Emissions of CO 2 and CH 4 from freshwater reservoirs constitute a globally significant source of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs), but knowledge gaps remain with regard to spatiotemporal drivers of emissions. We document the spatial and seasonal variation in surface diffusion of CO 2 and CH 4 from Douglas Lake, a hydropower reservoir in Tennessee, USA. Monthly estimates across 13 reservoir sites from January to November 2010 indicated that surface diffusions ranged from 236 to 18,806 mg m -2 day -1 for CO 2 and 0 to 0.95 mg m -2 day -1 for CH 4. Next, we developed statisticalmore » models using spatial and physicochemical variables to predict surface diffusions of CO 2 and CH 4. Models explained 22.7 and 20.9% of the variation in CO 2 and CH4 diffusions, respectively, and identified pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and Julian day as the most informative important predictors. These findings provide baseline estimates of GHG emissions from a reservoir in eastern temperate North America a region for which estimates of reservoir GHGs emissions are limited. Our statistical models effectively characterized non-linear and threshold relationships between physicochemical predictors and GHG emissions. Further refinement of such models will aid in predicting current GHG emissions in unsampled reservoirs and forecasting future GHG emissions.« less

A method for modeling co-occurrence propensity of clinical codes with application to ICD-10-PCS auto-coding.

PubMed

Subotin, Michael; Davis, Anthony R

2016-09-01

Natural language processing methods for medical auto-coding, or automatic generation of medical billing codes from electronic health records, generally assign each code independently of the others. They may thus assign codes for closely related procedures or diagnoses to the same document, even when they do not tend to occur together in practice, simply because the right choice can be difficult to infer from the clinical narrative. We propose a method that injects awareness of the propensities for code co-occurrence into this process. First, a model is trained to estimate the conditional probability that one code is assigned by a human coder, given than another code is known to have been assigned to the same document. Then, at runtime, an iterative algorithm is used to apply this model to the output of an existing statistical auto-coder to modify the confidence scores of the codes. We tested this method in combination with a primary auto-coder for International Statistical Classification of Diseases-10 procedure codes, achieving a 12% relative improvement in F-score over the primary auto-coder baseline. The proposed method can be used, with appropriate features, in combination with any auto-coder that generates codes with different levels of confidence. The promising results obtained for International Statistical Classification of Diseases-10 procedure codes suggest that the proposed method may have wider applications in auto-coding. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Medical Informatics Association. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

77 FR 43103 - Policy on the 2009 Revision of the International Maritime Organization Code for the Construction...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-23

... Offshore Drilling Units AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Notice of availability. SUMMARY: The Coast Guard...), Code for the Construction and Equipment of Mobile Offshore Drilling Units, 2009 (2009 MODU Code). CG...: Background and Purpose Foreign documented MODUs engaged in any offshore activity associated with the...

26 CFR 1.6042-3 - Dividends subject to reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... documentation of foreign status and definition of U.S. payor and non-U.S. payor) shall apply. The provisions of... the Internal Revenue Code (Code). (iv) Distributions or payments from sources outside the United States (as determined under the provisions of part I, subchapter N, chapter 1 of the Code and the...

Standardized Definitions for Code Verification Test Problems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Doebling, Scott William

This document contains standardized definitions for several commonly used code verification test problems. These definitions are intended to contain sufficient information to set up the test problem in a computational physics code. These definitions are intended to be used in conjunction with exact solutions to these problems generated using Exact- Pack, www.github.com/lanl/exactpack.

xRage Equation of State

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Grove, John W.

2016-08-16

The xRage code supports a variety of hydrodynamic equation of state (EOS) models. In practice these are generally accessed in the executing code via a pressure-temperature based table look up. This document will describe the various models supported by these codes and provide details on the algorithms used to evaluate the equation of state.

Shock Spectrum Calculation from Acceleration Time Histories

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-01

CLASSIFICATIONe OF THIS PAGE (Uh-e DOg ~ 9--t)____________________ REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM I. REPRT NU9911ACCUIISIO6 NO .3ASCCSPICHT’S...SCE. Oakland CA NAVSCOLCECOFF C35 Port Hueneme. CA,. CO, Code C44A Porn Hueneme. CA NAVSEASYSCOM Code 05M13 (Newhouse) Wash DC; Code 6212, Wash DC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Singleton, Jr., Robert; Israel, Daniel M.; Doebling, Scott William

For code verification, one compares the code output against known exact solutions. There are many standard test problems used in this capacity, such as the Noh and Sedov problems. ExactPack is a utility that integrates many of these exact solution codes into a common API (application program interface), and can be used as a stand-alone code or as a python package. ExactPack consists of python driver scripts that access a library of exact solutions written in Fortran or Python. The spatial profiles of the relevant physical quantities, such as the density, fluid velocity, sound speed, or internal energy, are returnedmore » at a time specified by the user. The solution profiles can be viewed and examined by a command line interface or a graphical user interface, and a number of analysis tools and unit tests are also provided. We have documented the physics of each problem in the solution library, and provided complete documentation on how to extend the library to include additional exact solutions. ExactPack’s code architecture makes it easy to extend the solution-code library to include additional exact solutions in a robust, reliable, and maintainable manner.« less

W-026, Waste Receiving and Processing Facility data management system validation and verification report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Palmer, M.E.

1997-12-05

This V and V Report includes analysis of two revisions of the DMS [data management system] System Requirements Specification (SRS) and the Preliminary System Design Document (PSDD); the source code for the DMS Communication Module (DMSCOM) messages; the source code for selected DMS Screens, and the code for the BWAS Simulator. BDM Federal analysts used a series of matrices to: compare the requirements in the System Requirements Specification (SRS) to the specifications found in the System Design Document (SDD), to ensure the design supports the business functions, compare the discreet parts of the SDD with each other, to ensure thatmore » the design is consistent and cohesive, compare the source code of the DMS Communication Module with the specifications, to ensure that the resultant messages will support the design, compare the source code of selected screens to the specifications to ensure that resultant system screens will support the design, compare the source code of the BWAS simulator with the requirements to interface with DMS messages and data transfers relating to the BWAS operations.« less

InChI in the wild: an assessment of InChIKey searching in Google

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

While chemical databases can be queried using the InChI string and InChIKey (IK) the latter was designed for open-web searching. It is becoming increasingly effective for this since more sources enhance crawling of their websites by the Googlebot and consequent IK indexing. Searchers who use Google as an adjunct to database access may be less familiar with the advantages of using the IK as explored in this review. As an example, the IK for atorvastatin retrieves ~200 low-redundancy links from a Google search in 0.3 of a second. These include most major databases and a very low false-positive rate. Results encompass less familiar but potentially useful sources and can be extended to isomer capture by using just the skeleton layer of the IK. Google Advanced Search can be used to filter large result sets. Image searching with the IK is also effective and complementary to open-web queries. Results can be particularly useful for less-common structures as exemplified by a major metabolite of atorvastatin giving only three hits. Testing also demonstrated document-to-document and document-to-database joins via structure matching. The necessary generation of an IK from chemical names can be accomplished using open tools and resources for patents, papers, abstracts or other text sources. Active global sharing of local IK-linked information can be accomplished via surfacing in open laboratory notebooks, blogs, Twitter, figshare and other routes. While information-rich chemistry (e.g. approved drugs) can exhibit swamping and redundancy effects, the much smaller IK result sets for link-poor structures become a transformative first-pass option. The IK indexing has therefore turned Google into a de-facto open global chemical information hub by merging links to most significant sources, including over 50 million PubChem and ChemSpider records. The simplicity, specificity and speed of matching make it a useful option for biologists or others less familiar with chemical searching. However, compared to rigorously maintained major databases, users need to be circumspect about the consistency of Google results and provenance of retrieved links. In addition, community engagement may be necessary to ameliorate possible future degradation of utility. PMID:23399051

The hot core towards the intermediate-mass protostar NGC 7129 FIRS 2. Chemical similarities with Orion KL

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fuente, A.; Cernicharo, J.; Caselli, P.; McCoey, C.; Johnstone, D.; Fich, M.; van Kempen, T.; Palau, Aina; Yıldız, U. A.; Tercero, B.; López, A.

2014-08-01

Context. This paper is dedicated to the study of the chemistry of the intermediate-mass (IM) hot core NGC 7129 FIRS 2, probably the most compact warm core found in the 2-8 M⊙ stellar mass range. Aims: Our aim is to determine the chemical composition of the IM hot core NGC 7129 FIRS 2, and to provide new insights on the chemistry of hot cores in a more general context. Methods: NGC 7129 FIRS 2 (hereafter, FIRS 2) is located at a distance of 1250 pc and high spatial resolution observations are required to resolve the hot core at its center. We present a molecular survey from 218 200 MHz to 221 800 MHz carried out with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI). These observations were complemented with a long integration single-dish spectrum taken with the IRAM 30 m telescope in Pico de Veleta (Spain). We used a local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) single temperature code to model the whole dataset. Results: The interferometric spectrum is crowded with a total of ≈300 lines from which a few dozen remain unidentified. The spectrum has been modeled with a total of 20 species and their isomers, isotopologues, and deuterated compounds. Complex molecules like methyl formate (CH3OCHO), ethanol (CH3CH2OH), glycolaldehyde (CH2OHCHO), acetone (CH3COCH3), dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3), ethyl cyanide (CH3CH2CN), and the aGg' conformer of ethylene glycol (aGg'-(CH2OH)2) are among the detected species. The detection of vibrationally excited lines of CH3CN, CH3OCHO, CH3OH, OCS, HC3N, and CH3CHO proves the existence of gas and dust at high temperatures. The gas kinetic temperature estimated from the vibrational lines of CH3CN, ~405-67+100 K, is similar to that measured in massive hot cores. Our data allow an extensive comparison of the chemistry in FIRS 2 and the Orion hot core. Conclusions: We find a quite similar chemistry in FIRS 2 and Orion. Most of the studied fractional molecular abundances agree within a factor of 5. Larger differences are only found for the deuterated compounds D2CO and CH2DOH and a few molecules (CH3CH2CN, SO2, HNCO and CH3CHO). Since the physical conditions are similar in both hot cores, only different initial conditions (warmer pre-collapse and collapse phase in the case of Orion) and/or different crossing times of the gas in the hot core can explain this behavior. We discuss these two scenarios. Based on observations carried out with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany), and IGN (Spain).Appendices are available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.orgThe interferometrid spectra of Fig. A.1 is only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/568/A65

Coder’s Manual: A Guide to TEPIAC Documentation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-07-01

Po Polonium Am Americium Hg Mercury Pr Praseodymium *Ar Argon (Hydrargyrum) Pt Platinum (also A) Ho Holmium Pu Plutonium *As Arsenic *1 Iodine Ra...Er 20 3 208 D ChD2 110 F F 2 Fe (FeF 21 209 E C 6H1 5ErO1 2S 3[Er(C 2 HSO 4)3] III G GaO4P [GaPO4] 210 F CH3 F 112 H 1iNO 212 G C8 H20Ge [Ge(C 2 H 5...Fluidity, 69 Heat conductance (contact), 62 Fluidized bed, 27 Heat conduction, 57 Fluorescence, 125 Heat conductivity, 57 Food products, 31 Heat content

Agency-wide Quality System Documents

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Quality specifications for EPA organizations as defined by EPA Directives are internal policy documents that apply only to EPA organizations. The Code of Federal Regulations defines specifications for extramural agreements with non-EPA organizations.

Development of Learning Management in Moral Ethics and Code of Ethics of the Teaching Profession Course

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boonsong, S.; Siharak, S.; Srikanok, V.

2018-02-01

The purposes of this research were to develop the learning management, which was prepared for the enhancement of students’ Moral Ethics and Code of Ethics in Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT). The contextual study and the ideas for learning management development was conducted by the document study, focus group method and content analysis from the document about moral ethics and code of ethics of the teaching profession concerning Graduate Diploma for Teaching Profession Program. The main tools of this research were the summarize papers and analyse papers. The results of development showed the learning management for the development of moral ethics and code of ethics of the teaching profession for Graduate Diploma for Teaching Profession students could promote desired moral ethics and code of ethics of the teaching profession character by the integrated learning techniques which consisted of Service Learning, Contract System, Value Clarification, Role Playing, and Concept Mapping. The learning management was presented in 3 steps.

ForTrilinos Design Document

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Young, Mitchell T.; Johnson, Seth R.; Prokopenko, Andrey V.

With the development of a Fortran Interface to Trilinos, ForTrilinos, modelers using modern Fortran will beable to provide their codes the capability to use solvers and other capabilities on exascale machines via astraightforward infrastructure that accesses Trilinos. This document outlines what Fortrilinos does andexplains briefly how it works. We show it provides a general access to packages via an entry point and usesan xml file from fortran code. With the first release, ForTrilinos will enable Teuchos to take xml parameterlists from Fortran code and set up data structures. It will provide access to linear solvers and eigensolvers.Several examples are providedmore » to illustrate the capabilities in practice. We explain what the user shouldhave already with their code and what Trilinos provides and returns to the Fortran code. We provideinformation about the build process for ForTrilinos, with a practical example. In future releases, nonlinearsolvers, time iteration, advanced preconditioning techniques, and inversion of control (IoC), to enablecallbacks to Fortran routines, will be available.« less

Greenhouse gas flux from cropland and restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gleason, R.A.; Tangen, B.A.; Browne, B.A.; Euliss, N.H.

2009-01-01

It has been well documented that restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America do store carbon. However, the net benefit of carbon sequestration in wetlands in terms of a reduction in global warming forcing has often been questioned because of potentially greater emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). We compared gas emissions (N2O, CH4, carbon dioxide [CO2]) and soil moisture and temperature from eight cropland and eight restored grassland wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region from May to October, 2003, to better understand the atmospheric carbon mitigation potential of restored wetlands. Results show that carbon dioxide contributed the most (90%) to net-GHG flux, followed by CH4 (9%) and N2O (1%). Fluxes of N2O, CH4, CO2, and their combined global warming potential (CO2 equivalents) did not significantly differ between cropland and grassland wetlands. The seasonal pattern in flux was similar in cropland and grassland wetlands with peak emissions of N2O and CH4 occurring when soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) was 40-60% and >60%, respectively; negative CH4 fluxes were observed when WFPS approached 40%. Negative CH4 fluxes from grassland wetlands occurred earlier in the season and were more pronounced than those from cropland sites because WFPS declined more rapidly in grassland wetlands; this decline was likely due to higher infiltration and evapotranspiration rates associated with grasslands. Our results suggest that restoring cropland wetlands does not result in greater emissions of N2O and CH4, and therefore would not offset potential soil carbon sequestration. These findings, however, are limited to a small sample of seasonal wetlands with relatively short hydroperiods. A more comprehensive assessment of the GHG mitigation potential of restored wetlands should include a diversity of wetland types and land-use practices and consider the impact of variable climatic cycles that affect wetland hydrology.

Annual methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice paddies and inland fish aquaculture wetlands in southeast China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Shuang; Hu, Zhiqiang; Hu, Tao; Chen, Jie; Yu, Kai; Zou, Jianwen; Liu, Shuwei

2018-02-01

Inland aquaculture ponds have been documented as important sources of atmospheric methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), while their regional or global source strength remains unclear due to lack of direct flux measurements by covering more typical habitat-specific aquaculture environments. In this study, we compared the CH4 and N2O fluxes from rice paddies and nearby inland fish aquaculture wetlands that were converted from rice paddies in southeast China. Both CH4 and N2O fluxes were positively related to water temperature and sediment dissolved organic carbon, but negatively related to water dissolved oxygen concentration. More robust response of N2O fluxes to water mineral N was observed than to sediment mineral N. Annual CH4 and N2O fluxes from inland fish aquaculture averaged 0.51 mg m-2 h-1 and 54.78 μg m-2 h-1, amounting to 42.31 kg CH4 ha-1 and 2.99 kg N2O-N ha-1, respectively. The conversion of rice paddies to conventional fish aquaculture significantly reduced CH4 and N2O emissions by 23% and 66%, respectively. The emission factor for N2O was estimated to be 0.46% of total N input in the feed or 1.23 g N2O-N kg-1 aquaculture production. The estimate of sustained-flux global warming potential of annual CH4 and N2O emissions and the net economic profit suggested that such conversion of rice paddies to inland fish aquaculture would help to reconcile the dilemma for simultaneously achieving both low climatic impacts and high economic benefits in China. More solid direct field measurements from inland aquaculture are in urgent need to direct the overall budget of national or global CH4 and N2O fluxes.

The interactions of azure B, a metabolite of methylene blue, with acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Petzer, Anél, E-mail: 12264954@nwu.ac.za; Harvey, Brian H.; Petzer, Jacobus P.

Methylene blue (MB) is reported to possess diverse pharmacological actions and is attracting increasing attention for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Among the pharmacological actions of MB, is the significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). These activities may, at least in part, underlie MB's beneficial effects in Alzheimer's disease. MB is metabolized to yield N-demethylated products of which azure B, the monodemethyl metabolite, is the predominant species. Azure B has been shown to be pharmacologically active and also possesses a variety of biological actions. Azure B therefore may contribute to the pharmacological profile ofmore » MB. Based on these considerations, the present study investigates the possibility that azure B may, similar to MB, act as an inhibitor of human AChE and BuChE. The results document that azure B inhibits AChE and BuChE with IC{sub 50} values of 0.486 μM and 1.99 μM, respectively. The results further show that azure B inhibits AChE and BuChE reversibly, and that the modes of inhibition are most likely competitive. Although the AChE and BuChE inhibitory activities of azure B are twofold and fivefold, respectively, less potent than those recorded for MB [IC{sub 50}(AChE) = 0.214 μM; IC{sub 50}(BuChE) = 0.389 μM] under identical conditions, azure B may be a contributor to MB's in vivo activation of the cholinergic system and beneficial effects in Alzheimer's disease. - Highlights: • Methylene blue (MB) is a known inhibitor of AChE and BuChE. • Azure B, the major metabolite of MB, also is an inhibitor of AChE and BuChE. • Azure B may be a contributor to MB's in vivo activation of the cholinergic system. • Azure B may contribute to MB's potential in Alzheimer's disease therapy.« less

Management practices and controls on methane emissions from sub-tropical wetlands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

DeLucia, Nicholas; Casa-Nova Gomez, Nuri; Bernacchi, Carl

2015-04-01

It is well documented that green house gas concentrations have risen at unequivocal rates since the industrial revolution but the disparity between anthropogenic sources and natural sources is uncertain. Wetlands are one example of a natural ecosystem that can be a substantial source or sink for methane (CH4) depending on any combination of climate conditions, natural and anthropogenic disturbances, or ecosystem perturbations. Due to strict anaerobic conditions required for CH4-generating microorganisms, natural wetlands are the main source for biogenic CH4. Although wetlands occupy less than 5% of total land surface area, they contribute approximately 20% of total CH4 emissions to the atmosphere. CH4 is one of the most damaging green house gases with current emission estimates ranging from 55 to 231 Tg CH4 yr-1. The processes regulating CH4 emissions are sensitive to land use and management practices of areas surrounding wetlands. Variation in adjacent vegetation or grazing intensity by livestock can, for example, alter CH4 fluxes from wetland soils by altering nutrient balance, carbon inputs and hydrology. Therefore, understanding how these changes will affect wetland source strength is essential to understand the impact of wetland management practices on the global climate system. In this study we quantify wetland methane fluxes from subtropical wetlands on a working cattle ranch in central Florida near Okeechobee Lake (27o10'52.04"N, 81o21'8.56"W). To determine differences in CH4 fluxes associated with land use and management, a replicated (n = 4) full factorial experiment was designed for wetlands where the surrounding vegetation was (1) grazed or un-grazed and (2) composed of native vegetation or improved pasture. Net exchange of CH4 and CO2 between the land surface and the atmosphere were sampled with a LICOR Li-7700 open path CH4 analyzer and Li-7500A open path CO2/H20 analyzer mounted in a 1-m3 static gas-exchange chamber. Our results showed and verified that CH4 emissions from subtropical wetlands were larger when high soil moisture was coupled with high temperatures. Grazing alone, does not appear to alter net ecosystem CH4 emissions from subtropical semi-native and improved wetlands. Pasture type is a stronger indicator of wetland methane potential. Wetlands embedded in improved pastures exhibited periods of increased methane emission that was particularly noticeable during the wet season (July- Nov). These results help quantify GHG emissions from subtropical wetlands under different management practices while demonstrating the differences in these fluxes based on the surrounding ecosystem.

The effects of climate changes on soil methane oxidation in a dry Arctic tundra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

D'Imperio, Ludovica

2014-05-01

The effects of climate changes on soil methane oxidation in a dry Arctic tundra. Ludovica D'Imperio1, Anders Michelsen1, Christian J. Jørgensen1, Bo Elberling1 1Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark At Northern latitudes climatic changes are predicted to be most pronounced resulting in increasing active layer depth and changes in growing season length, vegetation cover and nutrient cycling. As a consequence of increased temperature, large stocks of carbon stored in the permafrost-affected soils could become available for microbial transformations and under anoxic conditions result in increasing methane production affecting net methane (CH4) budget. Arctic tundra soils also serves as an important sink of atmospheric CH4 by microbial oxidation under aerobic conditions. While several process studies have documented the mechanisms behind both production and emissions of CH4 in arctic ecosystems, an important knowledge gap exists with respect to the in situ dynamics of microbial-driven uptake of CH4 in arctic dry lands which may be enhanced as a consequence of global warming and thereby counterbalancing CH4 emissions from Arctic wetlands. In-situ methane measurements were made in a dry Arctic tundra in Disko Island, Western Greenland, during the summer 2013 to assess the role of seasonal and inter-annual variations in temperatures and snow cover. The experimental set-up included snow fences installed in 2012, allowed investigations of the emissions of GHGs from soil under increased winter snow deposition and ambient field conditions. The soil fluxes of CH4 and CO2 were measured using closed chambers in manipulated plots with increased summer temperatures and shrub removal with or without increased winter precipitation. At the control plots, the averaged seasonal CH4 oxidation rates ranged between -0.05 mg CH4 m-2 hr-1 (end of August) and -0.32 mg CH4 m-2 hr-1 (end of June). In the plots with increased summer temperatures the rates ranged between -0.08 mg CH4 m-2 hr-1 (end of August) and -0.40 mg CH4 m-2 hr-1 (beginning of July). Preliminary results show a significant effect of increased winter precipitation (p<0.01) over the season as well as a significant warming effect (p<0.05) during July and August. These results suggest that in a warmer climate increasing CH4 uptake rates in dry Arctic soils could become an important factor for net CH4 budget.

Trichloroethylene Hypersensitivity Syndrome Is Potentially Mediated through Its Metabolite Chloral Hydrate

PubMed Central

Huang, Yongshun; Xia, Lihua; Wu, Qifeng; Zeng, Zifang; Huang, Zhenlie; Zhou, Shanyu; Jin, Jiachun; Huang, Hanlin

2015-01-01

Background We documented previously the entity of trichloroethylene (TCE) hypersensitivity syndrome (THS) in occupational workers. Objectives To identify the culprit causative compound, determine the type of hypersensitivity of THS, and establish a screening test for subjects at risk of THS. Methods TCE and its main metabolites chloral hydrate (CH), trichloroethanol (TCOH) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) were used as allergens at different concentrations in skin patch tests. The study included 19 case subjects diagnosed with occupational THS, 22 control healthy workers exposed to TCE (exposure >12 weeks), and 20 validation new workers exposed to TCE for <12 weeks free of THS. All subjects were followed-up for 12 weeks after the patch test. Results The highest patch test positive rate in subjects with THS was for CH, followed by TCOH, TCA and TCE. The CH patch test positive rate was 100% irrespective of CH concentrations (15%, 10% and 5%). The TCOH patch test positive rate was concentration-dependent (89.5%, 73.7% and 52.6% for 5%, 0.5% and 0.05%, respectively). Lower patch test positive rates were noted for TCA and TCE. All patch tests (including four allergens) were all negative in each of the 22 control subjects. None of the subjects of the validation group had a positive 15% CH patch test. Conclusions Chloral hydrate seems to be the culprit causative compound of THS and type IV seems to be the major type of hypersensitivity of THS. The CH patch test could be potentially useful for screening workers at risk of THS. PMID:26020924

International Natural Gas Model 2011, Model Documentation Report

EIA Publications

2013-01-01

This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the International Natural Gas Model (INGM). It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.

Y-12 Groundwater Protection Program CY2012 Triennial Report Of The Monitoring Well Inspection And Maintenance Program Y-12 National Security Complex, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

2013-09-01

This document is the triennial report for the Well Inspection and Maintenance Program of the Y- 12 Groundwater Protection Program (GWPP), at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Y-12 National Security Complex (Y-12). This report formally documents well inspections completed by the GWPP on active and inactive wells at Y-12 during calendar years (CY) 2010 through 2012. In addition, this report also documents well inspections performed under the Y-12 Water Resources Restoration Program, which is administered by URS|CH2M Oak Ridge (UCOR). This report documents well maintenance activities completed since the last triennial inspection event (CY 2009); and provides summary tablesmore » of well inspections and well maintenance activities during the reference time period.« less

Controls on northern wetland methane emissions: insights from regional synthesis studies and the Alaska Peatland Experiment (APEX)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Turetsky, M. R.; Euskirchen, E. S.; Czimczik, C. I.; Waldrop, M. P.; Olefeldt, D.; Fan, Z.; Kane, E. S.; McGuire, A. D.; Harden, J. W.

2014-12-01

Wetlands are the largest natural source of atmospheric methane. Static chambers have been used to quantify variation in wetland CH4 flux for many decades. Regional to global scale synthesis studies of static chamber measurements show that relationships between temperature, water availability and CH4 emissions depend on wetland type (bog, fen, swamp), region (tropical, temperate, arctic) and disturbance. For example, while water table position and temperature serve as the dominant controls on bog and swamp CH4 flux, vegetation is an important control on emissions from fens. These studies highlight the fact that wetland types have distinct controls on CH4 emissions; however, it is unlikely that modeling of wetland CH4 flux will improve without a better mechanistic understanding of the processes underlying CH4 production, transport, and oxidation. At the Alaska Peatland Experiment, we are quantifying CH4 emission using static chambers, automated chambers, and towers. Our sites vary in permafrost regime, including groundwater fens without permafrost, forested peat plateaus with intact permafrost, and collapse scar bogs formed through permafrost thaw. Experimental studies that examine plant and microbial responses to altered water table position and soil temperature are complemented by a gradient approach, where we use a space-for-time substitutions to examine the consequences of thaw on time-scales of decades to centuries. Our results thus far have documented the importance of soil rewetting in governing large CH4 fluxes from northern wetland soils. Accounting for CH4, our collapse scar bog significantly contributed to the global warming potential of the landscape. A major objective of our work is to explore the role of permafrost C release in greenhouse gas fluxes from wetland soils, which we are assessing using radiocarbon as a natural tracer. We have shown, for example, that ebullition of CH4 is dominated by recently fixed C, but a significant fraction of CH4 in bubbles is derived from old C released during thaw. The APEX time series datasets are being used in a variety of modeling studies, from small-scale soil pore and microbial controls on gas production and transport to regional scale assessments of how carbon cycle feedbacks to climate vary with wetland type and abundance.

The devil is in the details: maximizing revenue for daily trauma care.

PubMed

Barnes, Stephen L; Robinson, Bryce R H; Richards, J Taliesin; Zimmerman, Cindy E; Pritts, Tim A; Tsuei, Betty J; Butler, Karyn L; Muskat, Peter C; Davis, Kenneth; Johannigman, Jay A

2008-10-01

Falling reimbursement rates for trauma care demand a concerted effort of charge capture for the fiscal survival of trauma surgeons. We compared current procedure terminology code distribution and billing patterns for Subsequent Hospital Care (SHC) before and after the institution of standardized documentation. Standardized SHC progress notes were created. The note was formulated with an emphasis on efficiency and accuracy. Documentation was completed by residents in conjunction with attendings following standard guidelines of linkage. Year-to-year patient volume, length of stay (LOS), injury severity, bills submitted, coding of service, work relative value units (wRVUs), revenue stream, and collection rate were compared with and without standardized documentation. A 394% average revenue increase was observed with the standardization of SHC documentation. Submitted charges more than doubled in the first year despite a 14% reduction in admissions and no change in length of stay. Significant increases in level II and level III billing and billing volume (P < .05) were sustainable year to year and resulted in an average per patient admission SHC income increase from $91.85 to $362.31. Use of a standardized daily progress note dramatically increases the accuracy of coding and associated billing of subsequent hospital care for trauma services.

Numerical optimization of perturbative coils for tokamaks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lazerson, Samuel; Park, Jong-Kyu; Logan, Nikolas; Boozer, Allen; NSTX-U Research Team

2014-10-01

Numerical optimization of coils which apply three dimensional (3D) perturbative fields to tokamaks is presented. The application of perturbative 3D magnetic fields in tokamaks is now commonplace for control of error fields, resistive wall modes, resonant field drive, and neoclassical toroidal viscosity (NTV) torques. The design of such systems has focused on control of toroidal mode number, with coil shapes based on simple window-pane designs. In this work, a numerical optimization suite based on the STELLOPT 3D equilibrium optimization code is presented. The new code, IPECOPT, replaces the VMEC equilibrium code with the IPEC perturbed equilibrium code, and targets NTV torque by coupling to the PENT code. Fixed boundary optimizations of the 3D fields for the NSTX-U experiment are underway. Initial results suggest NTV torques can be driven by normal field spectrums which are not pitch-resonant with the magnetic field lines. Work has focused on driving core torque with n = 1 and edge torques with n = 3 fields. Optimizations of the coil currents for the planned NSTX-U NCC coils highlight the code's free boundary capability. This manuscript has been authored by Princeton University under Contract Number DE-AC02-09CH11466 with the U.S. Department of Energy.

Recent Progress and Future Plans for Fusion Plasma Synthetic Diagnostics Platform

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Lei; Kramer, Gerrit; Tang, William; Tobias, Benjamin; Valeo, Ernest; Churchill, Randy; Hausammann, Loic

2015-11-01

The Fusion Plasma Synthetic Diagnostics Platform (FPSDP) is a Python package developed at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. It is dedicated to providing an integrated programmable environment for applying a modern ensemble of synthetic diagnostics to the experimental validation of fusion plasma simulation codes. The FPSDP will allow physicists to directly compare key laboratory measurements to simulation results. This enables deeper understanding of experimental data, more realistic validation of simulation codes, quantitative assessment of existing diagnostics, and new capabilities for the design and optimization of future diagnostics. The Fusion Plasma Synthetic Diagnostics Platform now has data interfaces for the GTS and XGC-1 global particle-in-cell simulation codes with synthetic diagnostic modules including: (i) 2D and 3D Reflectometry; (ii) Beam Emission Spectroscopy; and (iii) 1D Electron Cyclotron Emission. Results will be reported on the delivery of interfaces for the global electromagnetic PIC code GTC, the extended MHD M3D-C1 code, and the electromagnetic hybrid NOVAK eigenmode code. Progress toward development of a more comprehensive 2D Electron Cyclotron Emission module will also be discussed. This work is supported by DOE contract #DEAC02-09CH11466.

Initial applications of the non-Maxwellian extension of the full-wave TORIC v.5 code in the mid/high harmonic and minority heating regimes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bertelli, N.; Valeo, E. J.; Phillips, C. K.

2015-11-01

A non Maxwellian extension of the full wave TORIC v.5 code in the mid/high harmonic and minority heating regimes has been revisited. In both regimes the treatment of the non-Maxwellian ions is needed in order to improve the analysis of combined fast wave (FW) and neutral beam injection (NBI) heated discharges in the current fusion devices. Additionally, this extension is also needed in time-dependent analysis where the combined heating experiments are generally considered. Initial numerical cases with thermal ions and with a non-Maxwellian ions are presented for both regimes. The simulations are then compared with results from the AORSA code, which has already been extended to include non-Maxwellian ions. First attempts to apply this extension in a self-consistent way with the NUBEAM module, which is included in the TRANSP code, are also discussed. Work supported by US DOE Contracts # DE-FC02-01ER54648 and DE-AC02-09CH11466.

Influence of sulfate input on freshwater sediments: Insights from incubation experiments

USGS Publications Warehouse

Szynkiewicz, Anna; Jedrysek, Mariusz Orion; Kurasiewicz, M.; Mastalerz, Maria

2008-01-01

Incubation experiments were carried out under high and low SO42 - conditions to investigate the buffering capacity of lake sediments. Increased SO42 - content in the water column enhanced microbial SO42 - reduction, causing a continuous decrease of SO42 - content from 1086 to 83 mg/L paralleled by an increase of pH in the water column from 3.76 to 7.20. These changes were accompanied by decreased methanogenesis in the incubated sediments. The results demonstrate that the buffering capacity resulted from a variety of biodegradation pathways controlled to a large extent by SO42 - reduction, rather than by direct anaerobic oxidation of CH4. This is documented by distinctly lower ??13C values (from -73.99 to -65.24???) of the CH4 generated under higher SO42 - conditions compared to higher ??13C values (from -68.98 to -61.37???) of the CH4 generated under lower SO42 - conditions. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Principles of the Machine Arithmetic of Complex Numbers,

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-03-31

c, d 0). We have h-- , -- tk2 k, .(2.1) Key: (1). and. (2). ts.ch. Hence cx dy = k, p1, (2.2) -dx I cy=h2 p ,• (2.3) DOC 81024003 PAGE The joint...positional code of a number and do not require in connection with this aiditional procedures. DOC -810241007 PAGE Deficiency /lack is the fact that range K

A Three-Phase Decision Model of Computer-Aided Coding for the Iranian Classification of Health Interventions (IRCHI).

PubMed

Azadmanjir, Zahra; Safdari, Reza; Ghazisaeedi, Marjan; Mokhtaran, Mehrshad; Kameli, Mohammad Esmail

2017-06-01

Accurate coded data in the healthcare are critical. Computer-Assisted Coding (CAC) is an effective tool to improve clinical coding in particular when a new classification will be developed and implemented. But determine the appropriate method for development need to consider the specifications of existing CAC systems, requirements for each type, our infrastructure and also, the classification scheme. The aim of the study was the development of a decision model for determining accurate code of each medical intervention in Iranian Classification of Health Interventions (IRCHI) that can be implemented as a suitable CAC system. first, a sample of existing CAC systems was reviewed. Then feasibility of each one of CAC types was examined with regard to their prerequisites for their implementation. The next step, proper model was proposed according to the structure of the classification scheme and was implemented as an interactive system. There is a significant relationship between the level of assistance of a CAC system and integration of it with electronic medical documents. Implementation of fully automated CAC systems is impossible due to immature development of electronic medical record and problems in using language for medical documenting. So, a model was proposed to develop semi-automated CAC system based on hierarchical relationships between entities in the classification scheme and also the logic of decision making to specify the characters of code step by step through a web-based interactive user interface for CAC. It was composed of three phases to select Target, Action and Means respectively for an intervention. The proposed model was suitable the current status of clinical documentation and coding in Iran and also, the structure of new classification scheme. Our results show it was practical. However, the model needs to be evaluated in the next stage of the research.

Billing, coding, and documentation in the critical care environment.

PubMed

Fakhry, S M

2000-06-01

Optimal conduct of modern-day physician practices involves a thorough understanding and application of the principles of documentation, coding, and billing. Physicians' role in these activities can no longer be secondary. Surgeons practicing critical care must be well versed in these concepts and their effective application to ensure that they are competitive in an increasingly difficult and demanding environment. Health care policies and regulations continue to evolve, mandating constant education of practicing physicians and their staffs and surgical residents who also will have to function in this environment. Close, collaborative relationships between physicians and individuals well versed in the concepts of documentation, coding, and billing are indispensable. Similarly, ongoing educational and review processes (whether internal or consultative from outside sources) not only can decrease the possibility of unfavorable outcomes from audit but also will likely enhance practice efficiency and cash flow. A financially viable practice is certainly a prerequisite for a surgical critical care practice to achieve its primary goal of excellence in patient care.

1,2-Dibenzyl and -Diaryltetradimethylamido-dimolybdenum and -Ditungsten Compounds: M2R2(NMe2)4 (M=M). Structural Effects of Me2N-to-M Alpha-Bonding.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-07-07

CHETCUTI, M H CHISHOLM. K FOLTING N00OON 79-C 00144 UNCL’ASS IF IED INDU/DC/TR-82/2-MC NL mh~hEhEEo. OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH Contract No. N00014-79...ldo i, n,.aowy a"d Identf ’ mko.) ’ / a, From the reactions between RMgCI (R = CH C H and CH-p-tolyl) or LiR.(R C6H, ~~,-- ;n 6o5 C"-tolyl) (2euv . 6...ligands u-donate to metal atomic Availability Codes V Avail and/or D special 4 orbitals which would otherwise be available for mischevious M--- H -C

Coding for urologic office procedures.

PubMed

Dowling, Robert A; Painter, Mark

2013-11-01

This article summarizes current best practices for documenting, coding, and billing common office-based urologic procedures. Topics covered include general principles, basic and advanced urologic coding, creation of medical records that support compliant coding practices, bundled codes and unbundling, global periods, modifiers for procedure codes, when to bill for evaluation and management services during the same visit, coding for supplies, and laboratory and radiology procedures pertinent to urology practice. Detailed information is included for the most common urology office procedures, and suggested resources and references are provided. This information is of value to physicians, office managers, and their coding staff. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

78 FR 13338 - Exposure Modeling Public Meeting; Notice of Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-27

... code 22 Professional, Scientific and Technical NAICS code 54 B. How can I get copies of this document... dates and abstract requests are announced through the ``empmlist'' forum on the LYRIS list server at...

Programming (Tips) for Physicists & Engineers

ScienceCinema

Ozcan, Erkcan

2018-02-19

Programming for today's physicists and engineers. Work environment: today's astroparticle, accelerator experiments and information industry rely on large collaborations. Need more than ever: code sharing/resuse, code building--framework integration, documentation and good visualization, working remotely, not reinventing the wheel.

Programming (Tips) for Physicists & Engineers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ozcan, Erkcan

2010-07-13

Programming for today's physicists and engineers. Work environment: today's astroparticle, accelerator experiments and information industry rely on large collaborations. Need more than ever: code sharing/resuse, code building--framework integration, documentation and good visualization, working remotely, not reinventing the wheel.

Faunus: An object oriented framework for molecular simulation

PubMed Central

Lund, Mikael; Trulsson, Martin; Persson, Björn

2008-01-01

Background We present a C++ class library for Monte Carlo simulation of molecular systems, including proteins in solution. The design is generic and highly modular, enabling multiple developers to easily implement additional features. The statistical mechanical methods are documented by extensive use of code comments that – subsequently – are collected to automatically build a web-based manual. Results We show how an object oriented design can be used to create an intuitively appealing coding framework for molecular simulation. This is exemplified in a minimalistic C++ program that can calculate protein protonation states. We further discuss performance issues related to high level coding abstraction. Conclusion C++ and the Standard Template Library (STL) provide a high-performance platform for generic molecular modeling. Automatic generation of code documentation from inline comments has proven particularly useful in that no separate manual needs to be maintained. PMID:18241331

Patient Health Goals Elicited During Home Care Admission: A Categorization.

PubMed

Sockolow, Paulina; Radhakrishnan, Kavita; Chou, Edgar Y; Wojciechowicz, Christine

2017-11-01

Home care agencies are initiating "patient health goal elicitation" activities as part of home care admission planning. We categorized elicited goals and identified "clinically informative" goals at a home care agency. We examined patient goals that admitting clinicians documented in the point-of-care electronic health record; conducted content analysis on patient goal data to develop a coding scheme; grouped goal themes into codes; assigned codes to each goal; and identified goals that were in the patient voice. Of the 1,763 patient records, 16% lacked a goal; only 15 goals were in a patient's voice. Nurse and physician experts identified 12 of the 20 codes as clinically important accounting for 82% of goal occurrences. The most frequent goal documented was safety/falls (23%). Training and consistent communication of the intent and operationalization of patient goal elicitation may address the absence of patient voice and the less than universal recording of home care patients' goals.

PynPoint code for exoplanet imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amara, A.; Quanz, S. P.; Akeret, J.

2015-04-01

We announce the public release of PynPoint, a Python package that we have developed for analysing exoplanet data taken with the angular differential imaging observing technique. In particular, PynPoint is designed to model the point spread function of the central star and to subtract its flux contribution to reveal nearby faint companion planets. The current version of the package does this correction by using a principal component analysis method to build a basis set for modelling the point spread function of the observations. We demonstrate the performance of the package by reanalysing publicly available data on the exoplanet β Pictoris b, which consists of close to 24,000 individual image frames. We show that PynPoint is able to analyse this typical data in roughly 1.5 min on a Mac Pro, when the number of images is reduced by co-adding in sets of 5. The main computational work, the calculation of the Singular-Value-Decomposition, parallelises well as a result of a reliance on the SciPy and NumPy packages. For this calculation the peak memory load is 6 GB, which can be run comfortably on most workstations. A simpler calculation, by co-adding over 50, takes 3 s with a peak memory usage of 600 MB. This can be performed easily on a laptop. In developing the package we have modularised the code so that we will be able to extend functionality in future releases, through the inclusion of more modules, without it affecting the users application programming interface. We distribute the PynPoint package under GPLv3 licence through the central PyPI server, and the documentation is available online (http://pynpoint.ethz.ch).

HOPE: A Python just-in-time compiler for astrophysical computations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akeret, J.; Gamper, L.; Amara, A.; Refregier, A.

2015-04-01

The Python programming language is becoming increasingly popular for scientific applications due to its simplicity, versatility, and the broad range of its libraries. A drawback of this dynamic language, however, is its low runtime performance which limits its applicability for large simulations and for the analysis of large data sets, as is common in astrophysics and cosmology. While various frameworks have been developed to address this limitation, most focus on covering the complete language set, and either force the user to alter the code or are not able to reach the full speed of an optimised native compiled language. In order to combine the ease of Python and the speed of C++, we developed HOPE, a specialised Python just-in-time (JIT) compiler designed for numerical astrophysical applications. HOPE focuses on a subset of the language and is able to translate Python code into C++ while performing numerical optimisation on mathematical expressions at runtime. To enable the JIT compilation, the user only needs to add a decorator to the function definition. We assess the performance of HOPE by performing a series of benchmarks and compare its execution speed with that of plain Python, C++ and the other existing frameworks. We find that HOPE improves the performance compared to plain Python by a factor of 2 to 120, achieves speeds comparable to that of C++, and often exceeds the speed of the existing solutions. We discuss the differences between HOPE and the other frameworks, as well as future extensions of its capabilities. The fully documented HOPE package is available at http://hope.phys.ethz.ch and is published under the GPLv3 license on PyPI and GitHub.

Investigating ebullition in a sand column using dissolved gas analysis and reactive transport modeling

USGS Publications Warehouse

Amos, Richard T.; Mayer, K. Ulrich

2006-01-01

Ebullition of gas bubbles through saturated sediments can enhance the migration of gases through the subsurface, affect the rate of biogeochemical processes, and potentially enhance the emission of important greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. To better understand the parameters controlling ebullition, methanogenic conditions were produced in a column experiment and ebullition through the column was monitored and quantified through dissolved gas analysis and reactive transport modeling. Dissolved gas analysis showed rapid transport of CH4 vertically through the column at rates several times faster than the bromide tracer and the more soluble gas CO2, indicating that ebullition was the main transport mechanism for CH4. An empirically derived formulation describing ebullition was integrated into the reactive transport code MIN3P allowing this process to be investigated on the REV scale in a complex geochemical framework. The simulations provided insights into the parameters controlling ebullition and show that, over the duration of the experiment, 36% of the CH4 and 19% of the CO2 produced were transported to the top of the column through ebullition.

Using an Extended Kalman Filter Learning Algorithm for Feed-Forward Neural Networks to Describe Tracer Correlations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lary, David J.; Mussa, Yussuf

2004-01-01

In this study a new extended Kalman filter (EKF) learning algorithm for feed-forward neural networks (FFN) is used. With the EKF approach, the training of the FFN can be seen as state estimation for a non-linear stationary process. The EKF method gives excellent convergence performances provided that there is enough computer core memory and that the machine precision is high. Neural networks are ideally suited to describe the spatial and temporal dependence of tracer-tracer correlations. The neural network performs well even in regions where the correlations are less compact and normally a family of correlation curves would be required. For example, the CH4-N2O correlation can be well described using a neural network trained with the latitude, pressure, time of year, and CH4 volume mixing ratio (v.m.r.). The neural network was able to reproduce the CH4-N2O correlation with a correlation coefficient between simulated and training values of 0.9997. The neural network Fortran code used is available for download.

Revisiting Principles of Ethical Practice Using a Case Study Framework

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Combes, Bertina H.; Peak, Pamela W.; Barrio, Brenda L.; Lindo, Endia J.; Hovey, Katrina A.; Lim, Okyoung; Peterson-Ahmad, Maria; Dorel, Theresa G.; Goran, Lisa

2016-01-01

A code of ethics serves as a compass, guiding professionals as they perform the roles associated with their profession. These codes are evidence to the public that professionals are concerned about the services they provide and the individuals to whom they are provided. Codes of ethics should be living documents, changing focus as the fields they…

NAEYC Code of Ethical Conduct. Revised = Codigo de Conducta Etica. Revisada

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Association of Elementary School Principals (NAESP), 2005

2005-01-01

This document presents a code of ethics for early childhood educators that offers guidelines for responsible behavior and sets forth a common basis for resolving ethical dilemmas encountered in early education. It represents the English and Spanish versions of the revised code. Its contents were approved by the NAEYC Governing Board in April 2005…

75 FR 33992 - Interest and Penalty Suspension Provisions Under Section 6404(g) of the Internal Revenue Code

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-16

... Interest and Penalty Suspension Provisions Under Section 6404(g) of the Internal Revenue Code AGENCY.... SUMMARY: This document contains final regulations under section 6404(g)(2)(E) of the Internal Revenue Code... Procedure and Administration Regulations (26 CFR part 301) by adding rules under section 6404(g) relating to...

44 CFR 71.4 - Documentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... evidence that the structure was not in compliance with the building code at the time it was built; and (2... evidence that the structure was not in compliance with the building code at the time it was built; and (2... structure and found no evidence that the structure was not in compliance with the building code at the time...

44 CFR 71.4 - Documentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... evidence that the structure was not in compliance with the building code at the time it was built; and (2... evidence that the structure was not in compliance with the building code at the time it was built; and (2... structure and found no evidence that the structure was not in compliance with the building code at the time...

44 CFR 71.4 - Documentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... evidence that the structure was not in compliance with the building code at the time it was built; and (2... evidence that the structure was not in compliance with the building code at the time it was built; and (2... structure and found no evidence that the structure was not in compliance with the building code at the time...

44 CFR 71.4 - Documentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... evidence that the structure was not in compliance with the building code at the time it was built; and (2... evidence that the structure was not in compliance with the building code at the time it was built; and (2... structure and found no evidence that the structure was not in compliance with the building code at the time...

44 CFR 71.4 - Documentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... evidence that the structure was not in compliance with the building code at the time it was built; and (2... evidence that the structure was not in compliance with the building code at the time it was built; and (2... structure and found no evidence that the structure was not in compliance with the building code at the time...

Review and verification of CARE 3 mathematical model and code

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rose, D. M.; Altschul, R. E.; Manke, J. W.; Nelson, D. L.

1983-01-01

The CARE-III mathematical model and code verification performed by Boeing Computer Services were documented. The mathematical model was verified for permanent and intermittent faults. The transient fault model was not addressed. The code verification was performed on CARE-III, Version 3. A CARE III Version 4, which corrects deficiencies identified in Version 3, is being developed.

A 156 kyr smoothed history of the atmospheric greenhouse gases CO2, CH4, and N2O and their radiative forcing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Köhler, Peter; Nehrbass-Ahles, Christoph; Schmitt, Jochen; Stocker, Thomas F.; Fischer, Hubertus

2017-06-01

Continuous records of the atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) CO2, CH4, and N2O are necessary input data for transient climate simulations, and their associated radiative forcing represents important components in analyses of climate sensitivity and feedbacks. Since the available data from ice cores are discontinuous and partly ambiguous, a well-documented decision process during data compilation followed by some interpolating post-processing is necessary to obtain those desired time series. Here, we document our best possible data compilation of published ice core records and recent measurements on firn air and atmospheric samples spanning the interval from the penultimate glacial maximum ( ˜ 156 kyr BP) to the beginning of the year 2016 CE. We use the most recent age scales for the ice core data and apply a smoothing spline method to translate the discrete and irregularly spaced data points into continuous time series. These splines are then used to compute the radiative forcing for each GHG using well-established, simple formulations. We compile only a Southern Hemisphere record of CH4 and discuss how much larger a Northern Hemisphere or global CH4 record might have been due to its interpolar difference. The uncertainties of the individual data points are considered in the spline procedure. Based on the given data resolution, time-dependent cutoff periods of the spline, defining the degree of smoothing, are prescribed, ranging from 5000 years for the less resolved older parts of the records to 4 years for the densely sampled recent years. The computed splines seamlessly describe the GHG evolution on orbital and millennial timescales for glacial and glacial-interglacial variations and on centennial and decadal timescales for anthropogenic times. Data connected with this paper, including raw data and final splines, are available at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.871273.

HELIOS–RETRIEVAL: An Open-source, Nested Sampling Atmospheric Retrieval Code; Application to the HR 8799 Exoplanets and Inferred Constraints for Planet Formation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lavie, Baptiste; Mendonça, João M.; Malik, Matej

We present an open-source retrieval code named HELIOS–RETRIEVAL, designed to obtain chemical abundances and temperature–pressure profiles by inverting the measured spectra of exoplanetary atmospheres. In our forward model, we use an exact solution of the radiative transfer equation, in the pure absorption limit, which allows us to analytically integrate over all of the outgoing rays. Two chemistry models are considered: unconstrained chemistry and equilibrium chemistry (enforced via analytical formulae). The nested sampling algorithm allows us to formally implement Occam’s Razor based on a comparison of the Bayesian evidence between models. We perform a retrieval analysis on the measured spectra ofmore » the four HR 8799 directly imaged exoplanets. Chemical equilibrium is disfavored for HR 8799b and c. We find supersolar C/H and O/H values for the outer HR 8799b and c exoplanets, while the inner HR 8799d and e exoplanets have a range of C/H and O/H values. The C/O values range from being superstellar for HR 8799b to being consistent with stellar for HR 8799c and being substellar for HR 8799d and e. If these retrieved properties are representative of the bulk compositions of the exoplanets, then they are inconsistent with formation via gravitational instability (without late-time accretion) and consistent with a core accretion scenario in which late-time accretion of ices occurred differently for the inner and outer exoplanets. For HR 8799e, we find that spectroscopy in the K band is crucial for constraining C/O and C/H. HELIOS–RETRIEVAL is publicly available as part of the Exoclimes Simulation Platform (http://www.exoclime.org).« less

Human Rights Texts: Converting Human Rights Primary Source Documents into Data.

PubMed

Fariss, Christopher J; Linder, Fridolin J; Jones, Zachary M; Crabtree, Charles D; Biek, Megan A; Ross, Ana-Sophia M; Kaur, Taranamol; Tsai, Michael

2015-01-01

We introduce and make publicly available a large corpus of digitized primary source human rights documents which are published annually by monitoring agencies that include Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, the Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, and the United States Department of State. In addition to the digitized text, we also make available and describe document-term matrices, which are datasets that systematically organize the word counts from each unique document by each unique term within the corpus of human rights documents. To contextualize the importance of this corpus, we describe the development of coding procedures in the human rights community and several existing categorical indicators that have been created by human coding of the human rights documents contained in the corpus. We then discuss how the new human rights corpus and the existing human rights datasets can be used with a variety of statistical analyses and machine learning algorithms to help scholars understand how human rights practices and reporting have evolved over time. We close with a discussion of our plans for dataset maintenance, updating, and availability.

Human Rights Texts: Converting Human Rights Primary Source Documents into Data

PubMed Central

Fariss, Christopher J.; Linder, Fridolin J.; Jones, Zachary M.; Crabtree, Charles D.; Biek, Megan A.; Ross, Ana-Sophia M.; Kaur, Taranamol; Tsai, Michael

2015-01-01

We introduce and make publicly available a large corpus of digitized primary source human rights documents which are published annually by monitoring agencies that include Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, the Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, and the United States Department of State. In addition to the digitized text, we also make available and describe document-term matrices, which are datasets that systematically organize the word counts from each unique document by each unique term within the corpus of human rights documents. To contextualize the importance of this corpus, we describe the development of coding procedures in the human rights community and several existing categorical indicators that have been created by human coding of the human rights documents contained in the corpus. We then discuss how the new human rights corpus and the existing human rights datasets can be used with a variety of statistical analyses and machine learning algorithms to help scholars understand how human rights practices and reporting have evolved over time. We close with a discussion of our plans for dataset maintenance, updating, and availability. PMID:26418817

Morphological, immunohistochemical, and chromosomal analysis of multicystic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, an architecturally unusual challenging variant.

PubMed

Foix, Maria Pané; Dunatov, Ana; Martinek, Petr; Mundó, Enric Condom; Suster, Saul; Sperga, Maris; Lopez, Jose I; Ulamec, Monika; Bulimbasic, Stela; Montiel, Delia Perez; Alaghehbandan, Reza; Peckova, Kvetoslava; Pivovarcikova, Krystina; Ondrej, Daum; Rotterova, Pavla; Skenderi, Faruk; Prochazkova, Kristyna; Dusek, Martin; Hora, Milan; Michal, Michal; Hes, Ondrej

2016-12-01

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) is typically composed of large leaf-like cells and smaller eosinophilic cells arranged in a solid-alveolar pattern. Eosinophilic, adenomatoid/pigmented, or neuroendocrine variants have also been described. We collected 10 cases of ChRCC with a distinct multicystic pattern out of 733 ChRCCs from our registry, and subsequently analyzed these by morphology, immunohistochemistry, and array comparative genomic hybridization. Of the 10 patients, 6 were males with an age range of 50-89 years (mean 68, median 69). Tumor size ranged between 1.2 and 20 cm (mean 5.32, median 3). Clinical follow-up was available for seven patients, ranging 1-19 years (mean 7.2, median 2.5). No aggressive behavior was documented. We observed two growth patterns, which were similar in all tumors: (1) variable-sized cysts, resembling multilocular cystic neoplasm of low malignant potential and (2) compressed cystic and tubular pattern with slit-like spaces. Raisinoid nuclei were consistently present while necrosis was absent in all cases. Half of the cases showed eosinophilic/oncocytic cytology, deposits of pigment (lipochrome) and microcalcifications. The other half was composed of pale or mixed cell populations. Immunostains for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), CK7, OSCAR, CD117, parvalbumin, MIA, and Pax 8 were positive in all tumors while negative for vimentin, TFE3, CANH 9, HMB45, cathepsin K, and AMACR. Ki67 immunostain was positive in up to 1 % of neoplastic cells. Molecular genetic examination revealed multiple chromosomal losses in two fifths analyzable tumors, while three cases showed no chromosomal numerical aberrations. ChRCC are rarely arranged in a prominent multicystic pattern, which is probably an extreme form of the microcystic adenomatoid pigmented variant of ChRCC. The spectrum of tumors entering the differential diagnosis of ChRCC is quite different from that of conventional ChRCC. The immunophenotype of ChRCC is identical with that of conventional ChRCC. Chromosomal numerical aberration pattern was variable; no chromosomal numerical aberrations were found in three cases. All the cases in this series have shown an indolent and non-aggressive behavior.

Oil and gas field code master list, 1993

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

This document contains data collected through October 1993 and provides standardized field name spellings and codes for all identified oil and/or gas fields in the United States. Other Federal and State government agencies, as well as industry, use the EIA Oil and Gas Field Code Master List as the standard for field identification. A machine-readable version of the Oil and Gas Field Code Master List is available from the National Technical Information Service.

Reusable, extensible, and modifiable R scripts and Kepler workflows for comprehensive single set ChIP-seq analysis.

PubMed

Cormier, Nathan; Kolisnik, Tyler; Bieda, Mark

2016-07-05

There has been an enormous expansion of use of chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) technologies. Analysis of large-scale ChIP-seq datasets involves a complex series of steps and production of several specialized graphical outputs. A number of systems have emphasized custom development of ChIP-seq pipelines. These systems are primarily based on custom programming of a single, complex pipeline or supply libraries of modules and do not produce the full range of outputs commonly produced for ChIP-seq datasets. It is desirable to have more comprehensive pipelines, in particular ones addressing common metadata tasks, such as pathway analysis, and pipelines producing standard complex graphical outputs. It is advantageous if these are highly modular systems, available as both turnkey pipelines and individual modules, that are easily comprehensible, modifiable and extensible to allow rapid alteration in response to new analysis developments in this growing area. Furthermore, it is advantageous if these pipelines allow data provenance tracking. We present a set of 20 ChIP-seq analysis software modules implemented in the Kepler workflow system; most (18/20) were also implemented as standalone, fully functional R scripts. The set consists of four full turnkey pipelines and 16 component modules. The turnkey pipelines in Kepler allow data provenance tracking. Implementation emphasized use of common R packages and widely-used external tools (e.g., MACS for peak finding), along with custom programming. This software presents comprehensive solutions and easily repurposed code blocks for ChIP-seq analysis and pipeline creation. Tasks include mapping raw reads, peakfinding via MACS, summary statistics, peak location statistics, summary plots centered on the transcription start site (TSS), gene ontology, pathway analysis, and de novo motif finding, among others. These pipelines range from those performing a single task to those performing full analyses of ChIP-seq data. The pipelines are supplied as both Kepler workflows, which allow data provenance tracking, and, in the majority of cases, as standalone R scripts. These pipelines are designed for ease of modification and repurposing.

The Bill of Rights: Due Process and Rights of the Accused.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mueller, Jean West; Schamel, Wynell Burroughs

1990-01-01

Presents Clarence Earl Gideon's petition for counsel as a primary source document to be used in social studies units on the Bill of Right's Sixth Amendment. Examines the constitutional issues of due process and right to counsel. Outlines teaching activities that develop vocabulary and analyzes Gideon v. Wainwright as a case study. (CH)

An Introduction to the Fundamentals of Chemistry for the Marine Engineer - An Audio-Tutorial Correspondence Course (CH-1C).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schlenker, Richard M.

This document provides a study guide for a three-credit-hour fundamentals of chemistry course for marine engineer majors. The course is composed of 17 minicourses including: chemical reactions, atomic theory, solutions, corrosion, organic chemistry, water pollution, metric system, and remedial mathematics skills. Course grading, objectives,…

Money Management and the Consumer, Credit: "Ch . a . r . ge!".

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Dept. of Education, Tallahassee. Div. of Elementary and Secondary Education.

This unit, one of a series of six Project SCAT (Skills for Consumer Applied Today) units, is designed to help senior high school students develop consumer education skills. For a description of the specific objectives and format of the units, see SO 013 467. This document provides teaching methods, learning activities, and student booklet for a…

Enclosure (from letter from EPA to DOE sent 3/26/04) - Technical and Regulatory Support Document: EPA's Remote Handled Waste Characterization Determination

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Based on the requirements presented in 40 CFR 194.24(c )(2) to (4) and 194.22(a)(1) and using experience gained as part of the CH waste characterization program, EPA examined the DOE's RH Waste Characterization Proposal as presented in the WCPIP.

Using a Square to Complete the Algebra Student: Exploring Algebraic and Geometric Connections in the Quadratic Formula

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yarema, Connie H.; Hendricks, T. David

2010-01-01

Recommendations and standards from various stakeholders in the mathematical preparation of teachers, such as "The Mathematical Education of Teachers" (http://www.cbmsweb.org/MET_Document/chapter_2.htm) and "Beyond Crossroads" (http://beyondcrossroads.amatyc.org/doc/CH6.html), call for courses that emphasize connections within topics in…

Communications and Information: Compendium of Communications and Information Terminology

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-02-01

Basic Access Module BASIC— Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code BBP—Baseband Processor BBS—Bulletin Board Service (System) BBTC—Broadband...media, formats and labels, programming language, computer documentation, flowcharts and terminology, character codes, data communications and input

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aleman, S.E.

This report documents a finite element code designed to model subsurface flow and contaminant transport, named FACT. FACT is a transient three-dimensional, finite element code designed to simulate isothermal groundwater flow, moisture movement, and solute transport in variably saturated and fully saturated subsurface porous media.

Extracting and connecting chemical structures from text sources using chemicalize.org.

PubMed

Southan, Christopher; Stracz, Andras

2013-04-23

Exploring bioactive chemistry requires navigating between structures and data from a variety of text-based sources. While PubChem currently includes approximately 16 million document-extracted structures (15 million from patents) the extent of public inter-document and document-to-database links is still well below any estimated total, especially for journal articles. A major expansion in access to text-entombed chemistry is enabled by chemicalize.org. This on-line resource can process IUPAC names, SMILES, InChI strings, CAS numbers and drug names from pasted text, PDFs or URLs to generate structures, calculate properties and launch searches. Here, we explore its utility for answering questions related to chemical structures in documents and where these overlap with database records. These aspects are illustrated using a common theme of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPPIV) inhibitors. Full-text open URL sources facilitated the download of over 1400 structures from a DPPIV patent and the alignment of specific examples with IC50 data. Uploading the SMILES to PubChem revealed extensive linking to patents and papers, including prior submissions from chemicalize.org as submitting source. A DPPIV medicinal chemistry paper was completely extracted and structures were aligned to the activity results table, as well as linked to other documents via PubChem. In both cases, key structures with data were partitioned from common chemistry by dividing them into individual new PDFs for conversion. Over 500 structures were also extracted from a batch of PubMed abstracts related to DPPIV inhibition. The drug structures could be stepped through each text occurrence and included some converted MeSH-only IUPAC names not linked in PubChem. Performing set intersections proved effective for detecting compounds-in-common between documents and merged extractions. This work demonstrates the utility of chemicalize.org for the exploration of chemical structure connectivity between documents and databases, including structure searches in PubChem, InChIKey searches in Google and the chemicalize.org archive. It has the flexibility to extract text from any internal, external or Web source. It synergizes with other open tools and the application is undergoing continued development. It should thus facilitate progress in medicinal chemistry, chemical biology and other bioactive chemistry domains.

Certifying Auto-Generated Flight Code

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Denney, Ewen

2008-01-01

Model-based design and automated code generation are being used increasingly at NASA. Many NASA projects now use MathWorks Simulink and Real-Time Workshop for at least some of their modeling and code development. However, there are substantial obstacles to more widespread adoption of code generators in safety-critical domains. Since code generators are typically not qualified, there is no guarantee that their output is correct, and consequently the generated code still needs to be fully tested and certified. Moreover, the regeneration of code can require complete recertification, which offsets many of the advantages of using a generator. Indeed, manual review of autocode can be more challenging than for hand-written code. Since the direct V&V of code generators is too laborious and complicated due to their complex (and often proprietary) nature, we have developed a generator plug-in to support the certification of the auto-generated code. Specifically, the AutoCert tool supports certification by formally verifying that the generated code is free of different safety violations, by constructing an independently verifiable certificate, and by explaining its analysis in a textual form suitable for code reviews. The generated documentation also contains substantial tracing information, allowing users to trace between model, code, documentation, and V&V artifacts. This enables missions to obtain assurance about the safety and reliability of the code without excessive manual V&V effort and, as a consequence, eases the acceptance of code generators in safety-critical contexts. The generation of explicit certificates and textual reports is particularly well-suited to supporting independent V&V. The primary contribution of this approach is the combination of human-friendly documentation with formal analysis. The key technical idea is to exploit the idiomatic nature of auto-generated code in order to automatically infer logical annotations. The annotation inference algorithm itself is generic, and parametrized with respect to a library of coding patterns that depend on the safety policies and the code generator. The patterns characterize the notions of definitions and uses that are specific to the given safety property. For example, for initialization safety, definitions correspond to variable initializations while uses are statements which read a variable, whereas for array bounds safety, definitions are the array declarations, while uses are statements which access an array variable. The inferred annotations are thus highly dependent on the actual program and the properties being proven. The annotations, themselves, need not be trusted, but are crucial to obtain the automatic formal verification of the safety properties without requiring access to the internals of the code generator. The approach has been applied to both in-house and commercial code generators, but is independent of the particular generator used. It is currently being adapted to flight code generated using MathWorks Real-Time Workshop, an automatic code generator that translates from Simulink/Stateflow models into embedded C code.

Standardized development of computer software. Part 2: Standards

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tausworthe, R. C.

1978-01-01

This monograph contains standards for software development and engineering. The book sets forth rules for design, specification, coding, testing, documentation, and quality assurance audits of software; it also contains detailed outlines for the documentation to be produced.

EA Shuttle Document Retention Effort

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wagner, Howard A.

2010-01-01

This slide presentation reviews the effort of code EA at Johnson Space Center (JSC) to identify and acquire databases and documents from the space shuttle program that are adjudged important for retention after the retirement of the space shuttle.

World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: Coal Module

EIA Publications

2011-01-01

This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS ) Coal Model. It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.

World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: Transportation Module

EIA Publications

2017-01-01

This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS ) International Transportation model. It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.

World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: Residential Module

EIA Publications

2016-01-01

This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS ) Residential Model. It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.

World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: Refinery Module

EIA Publications

2016-01-01

This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS ) Refinery Model. It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.

World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: Main Module

EIA Publications

2016-01-01

This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS ) Main Model. It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.

Transportation Sector Module - NEMS Documentation

EIA Publications

2017-01-01

Documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Transportation Model (TRAN). The report catalogues and describes the model assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, model source code, and forecast results generated by the model.

World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: Electricity Module

EIA Publications

2017-01-01

This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS ) World Electricity Model. It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.

Analysis and optimization of chlorocarbon incineration through use of a detailed reaction mechanism

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ho, W.; Booty, M.R.; Magee, R.S.

1995-12-01

Chemical species profiles are calculated by using a detailed reaction mechanism and a reactor code that simulates a well-mixed, three-zone incineration process. The chemical systems include CH{sub 3}Cl/CH{sub 4} and CH{sub 2}Cl{sub 2}/CH{sub 4} oxidation in air at fuel equivalence ratios {phi} from 0.8 to 1.1, with additives injected at downstream positions. Combustion is characterized for temperature, principal organic hazardous constituent (POHC), and product of incomplete combustion (PIC) levels. Major PICs comprise Cl, CL{sub 2}, CO, HOCl, and COCl{sub 2} and are calculated versus time, temperature, fuel equivalence ratio, and feed conditions. Steam, H{sub 2}O{sub 2}, O{sub 2}, air, andmore » other species are injected as additives in the burnout region to discern changes i the combustion chemistry. Steam addition improves or decreases the CO/CO{sub 2} ratio at an additive mole fraction of 0.1. Atomic Cl is the active radical species of highest concentration in the initial high-temperature reaction zone when CH{sub 3}Cl is the POHC at a feed concentration above 1,200 ppm and {phi} {le} 1. Cl{sub 2} is found to be a major PIC under fuel-lean and stoichiometric conditions, while CO is a major PIC under fuel-rich conditions. Reduction of combined CO and Cl{sub 2} levels in the incinerator stack effluent is achieved by operation at stoichiometric conditions or slightly fuel-lean with the controlled addition of high-temperature steam.« less

Community health center provider ability to identify, treat and account for the social determinants of health: a card study.

PubMed

Lewis, Joy H; Whelihan, Kate; Navarro, Isaac; Boyle, Kimberly R

2016-08-27

The social determinants of health (SDH) are conditions that shape the overall health of an individual on a continuous basis. As momentum for addressing social factors in primary care settings grows, provider ability to identify, treat and assess these factors remains unknown. Community health centers care for over 20-million of America's highest risk populations. This study at three centers evaluates provider ability to identify, treat and code for the SDH. Investigators utilized a pre-study survey and a card study design to obtain evidence from the point of care. The survey assessed providers' perceptions of the SDH and their ability to address them. Then providers filled out one anonymous card per patient on four assigned days over a 4-week period, documenting social factors observed during encounters. The cards allowed providers to indicate if they were able to: provide counseling or other interventions, enter a diagnosis code and enter a billing code for identified factors. The results of the survey indicate providers were familiar with the SDH and were comfortable identifying social factors at the point of care. A total of 747 cards were completed. 1584 factors were identified and 31 % were reported as having a service provided. However, only 1.2 % of factors were associated with a billing code and 6.8 % received a diagnosis code. An obvious discrepancy exists between the number of identifiable social factors, provider ability to address them and documentation with billing and diagnosis codes. This disparity could be related to provider inability to code for social factors and bill for related time and services. Health care organizations should seek to implement procedures to document and monitor social factors and actions taken to address them. Results of this study suggest simple methods of identification may be sufficient. The addition of searchable codes and reimbursements may improve the way social factors are addressed for individuals and populations.

Maestro and Castro: Simulation Codes for Astrophysical Flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zingale, Michael; Almgren, Ann; Beckner, Vince; Bell, John; Friesen, Brian; Jacobs, Adam; Katz, Maximilian P.; Malone, Christopher; Nonaka, Andrew; Zhang, Weiqun

2017-01-01

Stellar explosions are multiphysics problems—modeling them requires the coordinated input of gravity solvers, reaction networks, radiation transport, and hydrodynamics together with microphysics recipes to describe the physics of matter under extreme conditions. Furthermore, these models involve following a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, which puts tough demands on simulation codes. We developed the codes Maestro and Castro to meet the computational challenges of these problems. Maestro uses a low Mach number formulation of the hydrodynamics to efficiently model convection. Castro solves the fully compressible radiation hydrodynamics equations to capture the explosive phases of stellar phenomena. Both codes are built upon the BoxLib adaptive mesh refinement library, which prepares them for next-generation exascale computers. Common microphysics shared between the codes allows us to transfer a problem from the low Mach number regime in Maestro to the explosive regime in Castro. Importantly, both codes are freely available (https://github.com/BoxLib-Codes). We will describe the design of the codes and some of their science applications, as well as future development directions.Support for development was provided by NSF award AST-1211563 and DOE/Office of Nuclear Physics grant DE-FG02-87ER40317 to Stony Brook and by the Applied Mathematics Program of the DOE Office of Advance Scientific Computing Research under US DOE contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 to LBNL.

77 FR 12202 - Public Inspection of Material Relating to Tax-Exempt Organizations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-29

...This document contains final regulations pertaining to the public inspection of material relating to tax-exempt organizations and final regulations pertaining to the public inspection of written determinations and background file documents. These regulations are necessary to clarify rules relating to information and materials made available by the IRS for public inspection under the Internal Revenue Code (Code). The final regulations affect certain organizations exempt from Federal income tax, organizations that were exempt but are no longer exempt from Federal income tax, and organizations that were denied tax-exempt status.

An evaluation of a computer code based on linear acoustic theory for predicting helicopter main rotor noise. [CH-53A and S-76 helicopters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davis, S. J.; Egolf, T. A.

1980-01-01

Acoustic characteristics predicted using a recently developed computer code were correlated with measured acoustic data for two helicopter rotors. The analysis, is based on a solution of the Ffowcs-Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation and includes terms accounting for both the thickness and loading components of the rotational noise. Computations are carried out in the time domain and assume free field conditions. Results of the correlation show that the Farrassat/Nystrom analysis, when using predicted airload data as input, yields fair but encouraging correlation for the first 6 harmonics of blade passage. It also suggests that although the analysis represents a valuable first step towards developing a truly comprehensive helicopter rotor noise prediction capability, further work remains to be done identifying and incorporating additional noise mechanisms into the code.

OHD/HL - SHEF: code

Science.gov Websites

specification How to install the software How to use the software Download the source code (using .gz). Standard Exchange Format (SHEF) is a documented set of rules for coding of data in a form for both visual and information to describe the data. Current SHEF specification How to install the software How to use the

36 CFR 1234.20 - What rules apply if there is a conflict between NARA standards and other regulatory standards...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... regional building codes, the following rules of precedence apply: (1) Between differing levels of fire... cannot be reconciled with a requirement of this part, the local or regional code applies. (b) If any of... require documentation of the mandatory nature of the conflicting code and the inability to reconcile that...

36 CFR 1234.20 - What rules apply if there is a conflict between NARA standards and other regulatory standards...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... regional building codes, the following rules of precedence apply: (1) Between differing levels of fire... cannot be reconciled with a requirement of this part, the local or regional code applies. (b) If any of... require documentation of the mandatory nature of the conflicting code and the inability to reconcile that...

36 CFR 1234.20 - What rules apply if there is a conflict between NARA standards and other regulatory standards...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... regional building codes, the following rules of precedence apply: (1) Between differing levels of fire... cannot be reconciled with a requirement of this part, the local or regional code applies. (b) If any of... require documentation of the mandatory nature of the conflicting code and the inability to reconcile that...

36 CFR § 1234.20 - What rules apply if there is a conflict between NARA standards and other regulatory standards...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... regional building codes, the following rules of precedence apply: (1) Between differing levels of fire... cannot be reconciled with a requirement of this part, the local or regional code applies. (b) If any of... require documentation of the mandatory nature of the conflicting code and the inability to reconcile that...

Innovation and Standardization in School Building: A Proposal for the National Code in Italy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ridolfi, Giuseppe

This document discusses the University of Florence's experience and concepts as it developed the research to define a proposal for designing a new national school building code. Section 1 examines the current school building code and the Italian Reform Process in Education between 1960 and 2000. Section 2 details and explains the new school…

Malnutrition: The Importance of Identification, Documentation, and Coding in the Acute Care Setting

PubMed Central

Kyle, Greg; Itsiopoulos, Catherine; Naunton, Mark; Luff, Narelle

2016-01-01

Malnutrition is a significant issue in the hospital setting. This cross-sectional, observational study determined the prevalence of malnutrition amongst 189 adult inpatients in a teaching hospital using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment tool and compared data to control groups for coding of malnutrition to determine the estimated unclaimed financial reimbursement associated with this comorbidity. Fifty-three percent of inpatients were classified as malnourished. Significant associations were found between malnutrition and increasing age, decreasing body mass index, and increased length of stay. Ninety-eight percent of malnourished patients were coded as malnourished in medical records. The results of the medical history audit of patients in control groups showed that between 0.9 and 5.4% of patients were coded as malnourished which is remarkably lower than the 52% of patients who were coded as malnourished from the point prevalence study data. This is most likely to be primarily due to lack of identification. The estimated unclaimed annual financial reimbursement due to undiagnosed or undocumented malnutrition based on the point prevalence study was AU$8,536,200. The study found that half the patients were malnourished, with older adults being particularly vulnerable. It is imperative that malnutrition is diagnosed and accurately documented and coded, so appropriate coding, funding reimbursement, and treatment can occur. PMID:27774317

DYNA3D Code Practices and Developments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lin, L.; Zywicz, E.; Raboin, P.

2000-04-21

DYNA3D is an explicit, finite element code developed to solve high rate dynamic simulations for problems of interest to the engineering mechanics community. The DYNA3D code has been under continuous development since 1976[1] by the Methods Development Group in the Mechanical Engineering Department of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The pace of code development activities has substantially increased in the past five years, growing from one to between four and six code developers. This has necessitated the use of software tools such as CVS (Concurrent Versions System) to help manage multiple version updates. While on-line documentation with an Adobe PDF manualmore » helps to communicate software developments, periodically a summary document describing recent changes and improvements in DYNA3D software is needed. The first part of this report describes issues surrounding software versions and source control. The remainder of this report details the major capability improvements since the last publicly released version of DYNA3D in 1996. Not included here are the many hundreds of bug corrections and minor enhancements, nor the development in DYNA3D between the manual release in 1993[2] and the public code release in 1996.« less

Automated encoding of clinical documents based on natural language processing.

PubMed

Friedman, Carol; Shagina, Lyudmila; Lussier, Yves; Hripcsak, George

2004-01-01

The aim of this study was to develop a method based on natural language processing (NLP) that automatically maps an entire clinical document to codes with modifiers and to quantitatively evaluate the method. An existing NLP system, MedLEE, was adapted to automatically generate codes. The method involves matching of structured output generated by MedLEE consisting of findings and modifiers to obtain the most specific code. Recall and precision applied to Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) coding were evaluated in two separate studies. Recall was measured using a test set of 150 randomly selected sentences, which were processed using MedLEE. Results were compared with a reference standard determined manually by seven experts. Precision was measured using a second test set of 150 randomly selected sentences from which UMLS codes were automatically generated by the method and then validated by experts. Recall of the system for UMLS coding of all terms was .77 (95% CI.72-.81), and for coding terms that had corresponding UMLS codes recall was .83 (.79-.87). Recall of the system for extracting all terms was .84 (.81-.88). Recall of the experts ranged from .69 to .91 for extracting terms. The precision of the system was .89 (.87-.91), and precision of the experts ranged from .61 to .91. Extraction of relevant clinical information and UMLS coding were accomplished using a method based on NLP. The method appeared to be comparable to or better than six experts. The advantage of the method is that it maps text to codes along with other related information, rendering the coded output suitable for effective retrieval.

Fasting-induced apoptosis in rat liver is blocked by cycloheximide.

PubMed

Tessitore, L; Tomasi, C; Greco, M

1999-08-01

The effect of cycloheximide (CH) on the fasting-induced changes of rat liver cell and protein turnover has been investigated. Late starvation phase (3-4-day-fasting period) was characterised by a decrease in liver weight and protein and DNA content. The loss of DNA was not related to liver cell necrosis but due not only to depression of cell proliferation as shown by the drop in the labelling index but also induction of apoptosis. This type of apoptosis was documented by the increase in the apoptotic index (cells labelled by TUNEL) and transglutaminase activity as well as by DNA fragmentation. The liver cells of fasted rats appeared smaller as shown by the higher cell density and DNA/protein ratio than in controls. Females were more resistant to fasting-induced apoptosis than males. A single dose of CH, a drug primary known as inhibitor of protein synthesis, induced or enhanced apoptosis in fed and 2-days fasted male rats, respectively, without any sign of cell necrosis. On the contrary, the administration of repeated doses of CH blocked apoptosis induced by fasting. CH "froze" protein and DNA content as well as apoptotic process at the level of 2 days-fasted rats. While fasting-induced liver protein loss resulted from a marked reduction in protein synthesis with a slight decrease in degradation, repeated treatment with CH virtually blocked protein loss by abolishing protein catabolism. These data suggest a direct relationship between the catabolic side of protein turnover and the apoptotic process.

An Initial Study Examining the Feasibility of Expert System Technology for Command and Control of Supporting Arms in the United States Marine Corps.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-01

A 11 7. MISSION TARGET COORDINATION a SAFETY’ CH- ECKS FIRE SUPPORT COORDINATION CENTERS S’. iN NFA jNQQ MSSIN C o CFL RqESSIN81 TARGET NO iYs YS...INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST No. Copies I. Defense Technical Information Center 2 Cameron Station Alexandria, Virginia 22304-6145 2. Library, Code 0142 2

ANOPP programming and documentation standards document

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

Standards defining the requirements for preparing software for the Aircraft Noise Prediction Program (ANOPP) were given. It is the intent of these standards to provide definition, design, coding, and documentation criteria for the achievement of a unity among ANOPP products. These standards apply to all of ANOPP's standard software system. The standards encompass philosophy as well as techniques and conventions.

49 CFR 383.153 - Information on the CLP and CDL documents and applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... materials endorsements; (vi) S for school bus; and (vii) At the discretion of the State, additional codes... on the front or back of the CDL document. (10) The restriction(s) placed on the driver from operating... front or back of the CDL document. (b) Commercial Learner's Permit. (1) A CLP must not contain a...

49 CFR 383.153 - Information on the CLP and CDL documents and applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... materials endorsements; (vi) S for school bus; and (vii) At the discretion of the State, additional codes... on the front or back of the CDL document. (10) The restriction(s) placed on the driver from operating... front or back of the CDL document. (b) Commercial Learner's Permit. (1) A CLP must not contain a...

The Nature of the Arguments for Creationism, Intelligent Design, and Evolution

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barnes, Ralph M.; Church, Rebecca A.; Draznin-Nagy, Samuel

2017-01-01

Seventy-two Internet documents promoting creationism, intelligent design (I.D.), or evolution were selected for analysis. The primary goal of each of the 72 documents was to present arguments for creationism, I.D., or evolution. We first identified all arguments in these documents. Each argument was then coded in terms of both argument type…

Methodology, status, and plans for development and assessment of the RELAP5 code

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Johnson, G.W.; Riemke, R.A.

1997-07-01

RELAP/MOD3 is a computer code used for the simulation of transients and accidents in light-water nuclear power plants. The objective of the program to develop and maintain RELAP5 was and is to provide the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission with an independent tool for assessing reactor safety. This paper describes code requirements, models, solution scheme, language and structure, user interface validation, and documentation. The paper also describes the current and near term development program and provides an assessment of the code`s strengths and limitations.

World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: Greenhouse Gases Module

EIA Publications

2011-01-01

This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS ) Greenhouse Gases Model. It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.

World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: Natural Gas Module

EIA Publications

2011-01-01

This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS ) Natural Gas Model. It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.

World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: District Heat Module

EIA Publications

2017-01-01

This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS ) District Heat Model. It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.

World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: Industrial Module

EIA Publications

2016-01-01

This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS ) World Industrial Model (WIM). It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.

Protonation enhancement by dichloromethane doping in low-pressure photoionization

PubMed Central

Shu, Jinian; Zou, Yao; Xu, Ce; Li, Zhen; Sun, Wanqi; Yang, Bo; Zhang, Haixu; Zhang, Peng; Ma, Pengkun

2016-01-01

Doping has been used to enhance the ionization efficiency of analytes in atmospheric pressure photoionization, which is based on charge exchange. Compounds with excellent ionization efficiencies are usually chosen as dopants. In this paper, we report a new phenomenon observed in low-pressure photoionization: Protonation enhancement by dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) doping. CH2Cl2 is not a common dopant due to its high ionization energy (11.33 eV). The low-pressure photoionization source was built using a krypton VUV lamp that emits photons with energies of 10.0 and 10.6 eV and was operated at ~500–1000 Pa. Protonation of water, methanol, ethanol, and acetaldehyde was respectively enhanced by 481.7 ± 122.4, 197.8 ± 18.8, 87.3 ± 7.8, and 93.5 ± 35.5 times after doping 291 ppmv CH2Cl2, meanwhile CH2Cl2 almost does not generate noticeable ions itself. This phenomenon has not been documented in the literature. A new protonation process involving in ion-pair and H-bond formations was proposed to expound the phenomenon. The observed phenomenon opens a new prospect for the improvement of the detection efficiency of VUV photoionization. PMID:27905552

Protonation enhancement by dichloromethane doping in low-pressure photoionization.

PubMed

Shu, Jinian; Zou, Yao; Xu, Ce; Li, Zhen; Sun, Wanqi; Yang, Bo; Zhang, Haixu; Zhang, Peng; Ma, Pengkun

2016-12-01

Doping has been used to enhance the ionization efficiency of analytes in atmospheric pressure photoionization, which is based on charge exchange. Compounds with excellent ionization efficiencies are usually chosen as dopants. In this paper, we report a new phenomenon observed in low-pressure photoionization: Protonation enhancement by dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 ) doping. CH 2 Cl 2 is not a common dopant due to its high ionization energy (11.33 eV). The low-pressure photoionization source was built using a krypton VUV lamp that emits photons with energies of 10.0 and 10.6 eV and was operated at ~500-1000 Pa. Protonation of water, methanol, ethanol, and acetaldehyde was respectively enhanced by 481.7 ± 122.4, 197.8 ± 18.8, 87.3 ± 7.8, and 93.5 ± 35.5 times after doping 291 ppmv CH 2 Cl 2 , meanwhile CH 2 Cl 2 almost does not generate noticeable ions itself. This phenomenon has not been documented in the literature. A new protonation process involving in ion-pair and H-bond formations was proposed to expound the phenomenon. The observed phenomenon opens a new prospect for the improvement of the detection efficiency of VUV photoionization.

Language and Program for Documenting Software Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kleine, H.; Zepko, T. M.

1986-01-01

Software Design and Documentation Language (SDDL) provides effective communication medium to support design and documentation of complex software applications. SDDL supports communication among all members of software design team and provides for production of informative documentation on design effort. Use of SDDL-generated document to analyze design makes it possible to eliminate many errors not detected until coding and testing attempted. SDDL processor program translates designer's creative thinking into effective document for communication. Processor performs as many automatic functions as possible, freeing designer's energy for creative effort. SDDL processor program written in PASCAL.

Splitting of 2-Digit SIC Codes at 3M's Chemolite Plant

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This document may be of assistance in applying the New Source Review (NSR) air permitting regulations including the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) requirements. This document is part of the NSR Policy and Guidance Database. Some documents in the database are a scanned or retyped version of a paper photocopy of the original. Although we have taken considerable effort to quality assure the documents, some may contain typographical errors. Contact the office that issued the document if you need a copy of the original.

[Assessment of Coding in German Diagnosis Related Groups System in Otorhinolaryngology].

PubMed

Ellies, Maik; Anders, Berit; Seger, Wolfgang

2018-05-14

Prospective analysis of assessment reports in otorhinolaryngology for the period 01-03-2011 to 31-03-2017 by the Health Advisory Boards in Lower Saxony and Bremen, Germany in relation to coding in the G-DRG-System. The assessment reports were documented using a standardized database system developed on the basis of the electronic data exchange (DTA) by the Health Advisory Board in Lower Saxony. In addition, the documentation of the assessment reports according to the G-DRG system was used for assessment. Furthermore, the assessment of a case was evaluated once again on the basis of the present assessment documents and presented as an example in detail. During the period from 01-03-2011 to 31-03-2017, a total of 27,424 cases of inpatient assessments of DRGs according to the G-DRG system were collected in the field of otorhinolaryngology. In 7,259 cases, the DRG was changed, and in 20,175 cases, the suspicion of a DRG-relevant coding error was not justified in the review; thus, a DRG change rate of 26% of the assessments was identified over the time period investigated. There were different kinds of coding errors. In order to improve the coding quality in otorhinolaryngology, in addition to the special consideration of the presented "hit list" by the otorhinolaryngology departments, there should be more intensive cooperation between hospitals and the Health Advisory Boards of the federal states. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Tobacco document research reporting

PubMed Central

Carter, S

2005-01-01

Design: Interpretive analysis of published research. Sample: 173 papers indexed in Medline between 1995 and 2004 that cited tobacco industry documents. Analysis: Information about year published, journal and author, and a set of codes relating to methods reporting, were managed in N*Vivo. This coding formed the basis of an interpretation of tobacco document research reporting. Results: Two types of papers were identified. The first used tobacco documents as the primary data source (A-papers). The second was dedicated to another purpose but cited a small number of documents (B-papers). In B-papers documents were used either to provide a specific example or to support an expansive contention. A-papers contained information about purpose, sources, searching, analysis, and limitations that differed by author and journal and over time. A-papers had no clear methodological context, but used words from three major traditions—interpretive research, positivist research, and history—to describe analysis. Interpretation: A descriptive mainstream form of tobacco document reporting is proposed, initially typical but decreasing, and a continuum of positioning of the researcher, from conduit to constructor. Reporting practices, particularly from experienced researchers, appeared to evolve towards researcher as constructor, with later papers showing more complex purposes, diverse sources, and detail of searching and analysis. Tobacco document research could learn from existing research traditions: a model for planning and evaluating tobacco document research is presented. PMID:16319359

Non-equilibrium simulation of CH4 production through the depressurization method from gas hydrate reservoirs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qorbani, Khadijeh; Kvamme, Bjørn

2016-04-01

Natural gas hydrates (NGHs) in nature are formed from various hydrate formers (i.e. aqueous, gas, and adsorbed phases). As a result, due to Gibbs phase rule and the combined first and second laws of thermodynamics CH4-hydrate cannot reach thermodynamic equilibrium in real reservoir conditions. CH4 is the dominant component in NGH reservoirs. It is formed as a result of biogenic degradation of biological material in the upper few hundred meters of subsurface. It has been estimated that the amount of fuel-gas reserve in NGHs exceed the total amount of fossil fuel explored until today. Thus, these reservoirs have the potential to satisfy the energy requirements of the future. However, released CH4 from dissociated NGHs could find its way to the atmosphere and it is a far more aggressive greenhouse gas than CO2, even though its life-time is shorter. Lack of reliable field data makes it difficult to predict the production potential, as well as safety of CH4 production from NGHs. Computer simulations can be used as a tool to investigate CH4 production through different scenarios. Most hydrate simulators within academia and industry treat hydrate phase transitions as an equilibrium process and those which employ the kinetic approach utilize simple laboratory data in their models. Furthermore, it is typical to utilize a limited thermodynamic description where only temperature and pressure projections are considered. Another widely used simplification is to assume only a single route for the hydrate phase transitions. The non-equilibrium nature of hydrate indicates a need for proper kinetic models to describe hydrate dissociation and reformation in the reservoir with respect to thermodynamics variables, CH4 mole-fraction, pressure and temperature. The RetrasoCodeBright (RCB) hydrate simulator has previously been extended to model CH4-hydrate dissociation towards CH4 gas and water. CH4-hydrate is added to the RCB data-base as a pseudo mineral. Phase transitions are treated as non-equilibrium processes under local constraint of mass and heat fluxes. In this work, we have extended RCB by adding another route for dissociation or reformation of CH4-hydrate towards CH4 into the aqueous phase and water. CH4-hydrate formation and dissociation is resolved by looking at supersaturation and undersaturation with respect to thermodynamics variables. Hydrate instability due to undersaturation of CH4 in the contacting water phase is also considered. A complete non-equilibrium thermodynamic package, developed in-house, was combined with RCB to account for competing phase transitions by considering the minimization of Gibb's free energy. The energy differences were calculated from variations in chemical potentials of hydrate and hydrate formers. Mass transport, heat transport and non-equilibrium thermodynamic effects were implemented through classical nucleation theory to model the kinetic rate of hydrate phase transitions. To illustrate our implementations we ran simulations covering time-spans in the order of hundred years. CH4 production was modelled using the depressurization method, where we employed the Messoyakha field data. We discuss our implementations, as well as results obtained from simulations utilizing our modifications.

Decree No. 1900 of 24 August 1989 authorizing civil divorce before a notary for reasons provided in Section 8 of Article 154 of the Civil Code.

PubMed

1989-01-01

This Colombian Decree authorizes civil divorce to take place before a notary by means of public document when the spouses are in mutual agreement; the ground for the divorce is separation, either decreed by a court or formalized before a notary; and the separation has lasted more than 2 years. Such a divorce produces the same legal effects as a divorce decreed by a court. The document is to set forth the duties of both spouses with respect to the provisions of sentence 3 of Article 166 of the Civil Code. If there are minors, the document must receive the approval of the municipal or district representative. Decree No. 2275 of 7 October 1989 (Diario Oficial, 7 October 1989, pp. 75-76) amends this Decree to provide that the judgment of the municipal or district representative must be made within 10 days after the document is received. Sentence 3 of Article 166 of the Civil Code requires that spouses who are separating by mutual consent send to a judge their agreement with respect to the care and support of children, which the judge may reject if necessary in the interests of the children.

Wavelet domain textual coding of Ottoman script images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gerek, Oemer N.; Cetin, Enis A.; Tewfik, Ahmed H.

1996-02-01

Image coding using wavelet transform, DCT, and similar transform techniques is well established. On the other hand, these coding methods neither take into account the special characteristics of the images in a database nor are they suitable for fast database search. In this paper, the digital archiving of Ottoman printings is considered. Ottoman documents are printed in Arabic letters. Witten et al. describes a scheme based on finding the characters in binary document images and encoding the positions of the repeated characters This method efficiently compresses document images and is suitable for database research, but it cannot be applied to Ottoman or Arabic documents as the concept of character is different in Ottoman or Arabic. Typically, one has to deal with compound structures consisting of a group of letters. Therefore, the matching criterion will be according to those compound structures. Furthermore, the text images are gray tone or color images for Ottoman scripts for the reasons that are described in the paper. In our method the compound structure matching is carried out in wavelet domain which reduces the search space and increases the compression ratio. In addition to the wavelet transformation which corresponds to the linear subband decomposition, we also used nonlinear subband decomposition. The filters in the nonlinear subband decomposition have the property of preserving edges in the low resolution subband image.

Resurrecting Legacy Code Using Ontosoft Knowledge-Sharing and Digital Object Management to Revitalize and Reproduce Software for Groundwater Management Research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kwon, N.; Gentle, J.; Pierce, S. A.

2015-12-01

Software code developed for research is often used for a relatively short period of time before it is abandoned, lost, or becomes outdated. This unintentional abandonment of code is a valid problem in the 21st century scientific process, hindering widespread reusability and increasing the effort needed to develop research software. Potentially important assets, these legacy codes may be resurrected and documented digitally for long-term reuse, often with modest effort. Furthermore, the revived code may be openly accessible in a public repository for researchers to reuse or improve. For this study, the research team has begun to revive the codebase for Groundwater Decision Support System (GWDSS), originally developed for participatory decision making to aid urban planning and groundwater management, though it may serve multiple use cases beyond those originally envisioned. GWDSS was designed as a java-based wrapper with loosely federated commercial and open source components. If successfully revitalized, GWDSS will be useful for both practical applications as a teaching tool and case study for groundwater management, as well as informing theoretical research. Using the knowledge-sharing approaches documented by the NSF-funded Ontosoft project, digital documentation of GWDSS is underway, from conception to development, deployment, characterization, integration, composition, and dissemination through open source communities and geosciences modeling frameworks. Information assets, documentation, and examples are shared using open platforms for data sharing and assigned digital object identifiers. Two instances of GWDSS version 3.0 are being created: 1) a virtual machine instance for the original case study to serve as a live demonstration of the decision support tool, assuring the original version is usable, and 2) an open version of the codebase, executable installation files, and developer guide available via an open repository, assuring the source for the application is accessible with version control and potential for new branch developments. Finally, metadata about the software has been completed within the OntoSoft portal to provide descriptive curation, make GWDSS searchable, and complete documentation of the scientific software lifecycle.

Static Verification for Code Contracts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fähndrich, Manuel

The Code Contracts project [3] at Microsoft Research enables programmers on the .NET platform to author specifications in existing languages such as C# and VisualBasic. To take advantage of these specifications, we provide tools for documentation generation, runtime contract checking, and static contract verification.

Reporting Codes and Fuel Pathways for the EPA Moderated Transaction System (EMTS)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Users should reference this document for a complete list of all reporting codes and all possible fuel pathways for Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) and Fuels Averaging, Banking and Trading (ABT) users of the EPA Moderated Transaction System (EMTS).

78 FR 37923 - Delegation of Reporting Functions Specified in Section 491 of Title 10, United State Code

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-24

...--Delegation of Reporting Functions Specified in Section 491 of Title 10, United States Code Notice of June 20..., June 24, 2013 / Presidential Documents#0;#0; #0; #0;Title 3-- #0;The President [[Page 37923

78 FR 37921 - Delegation of Reporting Functions Specified in Section 491 of Title 10, United State Code

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-24

...--Delegation of Reporting Functions Specified in Section 491 of Title 10, United States Code Notice of June 20..., June 24, 2013 / Presidential Documents#0;#0; #0; #0;Title 3-- #0;The President [[Page 37923

An Introduction to Thermodynamic Performance Analysis of Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Cycles Using the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation Code

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, Scott M.

2007-01-01

This document is intended as an introduction to the analysis of gas turbine engine cycles using the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS) code. It is assumed that the analyst has a firm understanding of fluid flow, gas dynamics, thermodynamics, and turbomachinery theory. The purpose of this paper is to provide for the novice the information necessary to begin cycle analysis using NPSS. This paper and the annotated example serve as a starting point and by no means cover the entire range of information and experience necessary for engine performance simulation. NPSS syntax is presented but for a more detailed explanation of the code the user is referred to the NPSS User Guide and Reference document (ref. 1).

TU-G-BRD-03: IMRT Dosimetry Differences in An Institution with Community and Academic Model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Srivastava, S; Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; Andersen, A

Purpose: Radiation outcome among institutions can be interpreted meaningfully if the dose delivery and prescription to the target volume is documented accurately and consistently. ICRU-83 recommended specific guidelines in IMRT for target volume definitions and dose reporting. This retrospective study evaluates the pattern of IMRT dose prescription and recording in an academic institution (AI) and a community hospital (CH) models in a single institution with reference to ICRU-83 recommendation. Materials & Methods: Dosimetric information of 625 (500 from academic and 125 from community) patients treated with IMRT was collected retrospectively from the AI and a CH. The dose-volume histogram (DVH)more » for the target volume of each patient was extracted. Standard dose parameters such as D2, D50, D95, D98, D100, as well as the homogeneity index (HI) defined as (D2-D98)/D50 and monitor units (MUs) were collected. Results: Significant dosimetric variations were observed in disease sites and between AI and CH. The variation in the mean value of D95 for AI is 98.48±4.12 and for CH is 96.41±4.13. A similar pattern was noticed for D50 (104.18±6.04 for AI and 101.05±3.49 for CH). Thus, nearly 95% of patients received dosage higher than 100% to the site viewed by D50 and varied between AI and CH models. The average variation of HI is found to be 0.12±0.08 and 0.11±0.08 for AI and CH model, showing better IMRT treatment plans for academic model compared to community. Conclusion: Even with the implementation of ICRU-83 guidelines, there is a large variation in dose prescription and delivery in IMRT. The variation is institution and site specific. For any meaningful comparison of the IMRT outcome, strict guidelines for dose reporting should be maintained in every institution.« less

Precision studies of observables in p p → W → lν _l and pp → γ ,Z → l^+ l^- processes at the LHC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alioli, S.; Arbuzov, A. B.; Bardin, D. Yu.; Barzè, L.; Bernaciak, C.; Bondarenko, S. G.; Carloni Calame, C. M.; Chiesa, M.; Dittmaier, S.; Ferrera, G.; de Florian, D.; Grazzini, M.; Höche, S.; Huss, A.; Jadach, S.; Kalinovskaya, L. V.; Karlberg, A.; Krauss, F.; Li, Y.; Martinez, H.; Montagna, G.; Mück, A.; Nason, P.; Nicrosini, O.; Petriello, F.; Piccinini, F.; Płaczek, W.; Prestel, S.; Re, E.; Sapronov, A. A.; Schönherr, M.; Schwinn, C.; Vicini, A.; Wackeroth, D.; Was, Z.; Zanderighi, G.

2017-05-01

This report was prepared in the context of the LPCC Electroweak Precision Measurements at the LHC WG (https://lpcc.web.cern.ch/lpcc/index.php?page=electroweak_wg) and summarizes the activity of a subgroup dedicated to the systematic comparison of public Monte Carlo codes, which describe the Drell-Yan processes at hadron colliders, in particular at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This work represents an important step towards the definition of an accurate simulation framework necessary for very high-precision measurements of electroweak (EW) observables such as the W boson mass and the weak mixing angle. All the codes considered in this report share at least next-to-leading-order (NLO) accuracy in the prediction of the total cross sections in an expansion either in the strong or in the EW coupling constant. The NLO fixed-order predictions have been scrutinized at the technical level, using exactly the same inputs, setup and perturbative accuracy, in order to quantify the level of agreement of different implementations of the same calculation. A dedicated comparison, again at the technical level, of three codes that reach next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) accuracy in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) for the total cross section has also been performed. These fixed-order results are a well-defined reference that allows a classification of the impact of higher-order sets of radiative corrections. Several examples of higher-order effects due to the strong or the EW interaction are discussed in this common framework. Also the combination of QCD and EW corrections is discussed, together with the ambiguities that affect the final result, due to the choice of a specific combination recipe. All the codes considered in this report have been run by the respective authors, and the results presented here constitute a benchmark that should be always checked/reproduced before any high-precision analysis is conducted based on these codes. In order to simplify these benchmarking procedures, the codes used in this report, together with the relevant input files and running instructions, can be found in a repository at https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/Main/DrellYanComparison.

Background Document for Capacity Analysis for Newly Listed ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

... II II II M •i n". M " " It .1 tt It ..' I!' .. II .1 It \\ tl 0 4 . • • ' i ni process ois&s.F'iCH (It t ... Num&er fen!«r //cm p»s» T) A R Unt Nutnbt ' ' 1 . V 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 i 2 2 ...

Compliance Verification Paths for Residential and Commercial Energy Codes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Conover, David R.; Makela, Eric J.; Fannin, Jerica D.

2011-10-10

This report looks at different ways to verify energy code compliance and to ensure that the energy efficiency goals of an adopted document are achieved. Conformity assessment is the body of work that ensures compliance, including activities that can ensure residential and commercial buildings satisfy energy codes and standards. This report identifies and discusses conformity-assessment activities and provides guidance for conducting assessments.

CFL3D User's Manual (Version 5.0)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Krist, Sherrie L.; Biedron, Robert T.; Rumsey, Christopher L.

1998-01-01

This document is the User's Manual for the CFL3D computer code, a thin-layer Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes flow solver for structured multiple-zone grids. Descriptions of the code's input parameters, non-dimensionalizations, file formats, boundary conditions, and equations are included. Sample 2-D and 3-D test cases are also described, and many helpful hints for using the code are provided.

The Contract Management Body of Knowledge: A Comparison of Contracting Competencies

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

SME subject matter expert SOW statement of work TINA Truth in Negotiations Act UCC uniform commercial code WBS work breakdown structure xv...documents whose terms and condition are legally enforceable. Sources of law and guidance covered include the uniform commercial code ( UCC ), Federal...contracting including the uniform commercial code ( UCC ), Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), as well as various other laws pertaining to both

NSWC Library of Mathematics Subroutines

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-01

standards concerning in-line documentation and the style of code cannot be imposed. In generel, all supportive subreutines not intended for direct use are...proprietary or otherwise restricted codes have been permitted ;’ the library. Only general purpose mathematical subroutines for use by the entire NSWCDD...where the source codes are frequently of prime importance), and for general use in applications. Since expertise is so widely scattered, reliable

The Nuremberg Code: its history and implications.

PubMed

Kious, B M

2001-01-01

The Nuremberg Code is a foundational document in the ethics of medical research and human experimentation; the principle its authors espoused in 1946 have provided the framework for modern codes that address the same issues, and have received little challenge and only slight modification in decades since. By analyzing the Code's tragic genesis and its normative implications, it is possible to understand some of the essence of modern experimental ethics, as well as certain outstanding controversies that still plague medical science.

A supersonic three-dimensional code for flow over blunt bodies: Program documentation and test cases

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chaussee, D. S.; Mcmillan, O. J.

1980-01-01

The use of a computer code for the calculation of steady, supersonic, three dimensional, inviscid flow over blunt bodies is illustrated. Input and output are given and explained for two cases: a pointed code of 20 deg half angle at 15 deg angle of attack in a free stream with M sub infinite = 7, and a cone-ogive-cylinder at 10 deg angle of attack with M sub infinite = 2.86. A source listing of the computer code is provided.

A Concept for Run-Time Support of the Chapel Language

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

James, Mark

2006-01-01

A document presents a concept for run-time implementation of other concepts embodied in the Chapel programming language. (Now undergoing development, Chapel is intended to become a standard language for parallel computing that would surpass older such languages in both computational performance in the efficiency with which pre-existing code can be reused and new code written.) The aforementioned other concepts are those of distributions, domains, allocations, and access, as defined in a separate document called "A Semantic Framework for Domains and Distributions in Chapel" and linked to a language specification defined in another separate document called "Chapel Specification 0.3." The concept presented in the instant report is recognition that a data domain that was invented for Chapel offers a novel approach to distributing and processing data in a massively parallel environment. The concept is offered as a starting point for development of working descriptions of functions and data structures that would be necessary to implement interfaces to a compiler for transforming the aforementioned other concepts from their representations in Chapel source code to their run-time implementations.

Nonambipolar Transport and Torque in Perturbed Equilibria

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Logan, N. C.; Park, J.-K.; Wang, Z. R.; Berkery, J. W.; Kim, K.; Menard, J. E.

2013-10-01

A new Perturbed Equilibrium Nonambipolar Transport (PENT) code has been developed to calculate the neoclassical toroidal torque from radial current composed of both passing and trapped particles in perturbed equilibria. This presentation outlines the physics approach used in the development of the PENT code, with emphasis on the effects of retaining general aspect-ratio geometric effects. First, nonambipolar transport coefficients and corresponding neoclassical toroidal viscous (NTV) torque in perturbed equilibria are re-derived from the first order gyro-drift-kinetic equation in the ``combined-NTV'' PENT formalism. The equivalence of NTV torque and change in potential energy due to kinetic effects [J-K. Park, Phys. Plas., 2011] is then used to showcase computational challenges shared between PENT and stability codes MISK and MARS-K. Extensive comparisons to a reduced model, which makes numerous large aspect ratio approximations, are used throughout to emphasize geometry dependent physics such as pitch angle resonances. These applications make extensive use of the PENT code's native interfacing with the Ideal Perturbed Equilibrium Code (IPEC), and the combination of these codes is a key step towards an iterative solver for self-consistent perturbed equilibrium torque. Supported by US DOE contract #DE-AC02-09CH11466 and the DOE Office of Science Graduate Fellowship administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science & Education under contract #DE-AC05-06OR23100.

Transcription Factor Binding Profiles Reveal Cyclic Expression of Human Protein-coding Genes and Non-coding RNAs

PubMed Central

Cheng, Chao; Ung, Matthew; Grant, Gavin D.; Whitfield, Michael L.

2013-01-01

Cell cycle is a complex and highly supervised process that must proceed with regulatory precision to achieve successful cellular division. Despite the wide application, microarray time course experiments have several limitations in identifying cell cycle genes. We thus propose a computational model to predict human cell cycle genes based on transcription factor (TF) binding and regulatory motif information in their promoters. We utilize ENCODE ChIP-seq data and motif information as predictors to discriminate cell cycle against non-cell cycle genes. Our results show that both the trans- TF features and the cis- motif features are predictive of cell cycle genes, and a combination of the two types of features can further improve prediction accuracy. We apply our model to a complete list of GENCODE promoters to predict novel cell cycle driving promoters for both protein-coding genes and non-coding RNAs such as lincRNAs. We find that a similar percentage of lincRNAs are cell cycle regulated as protein-coding genes, suggesting the importance of non-coding RNAs in cell cycle division. The model we propose here provides not only a practical tool for identifying novel cell cycle genes with high accuracy, but also new insights on cell cycle regulation by TFs and cis-regulatory elements. PMID:23874175

Seismology software: state of the practice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, W. Spencer; Zeng, Zheng; Carette, Jacques

2018-05-01

We analyzed the state of practice for software development in the seismology domain by comparing 30 software packages on four aspects: product, implementation, design, and process. We found room for improvement in most seismology software packages. The principal areas of concern include a lack of adequate requirements and design specification documents, a lack of test data to assess reliability, a lack of examples to get new users started, and a lack of technological tools to assist with managing the development process. To assist going forward, we provide recommendations for a document-driven development process that includes a problem statement, development plan, requirement specification, verification and validation (V&V) plan, design specification, code, V&V report, and a user manual. We also provide advice on tool use, including issue tracking, version control, code documentation, and testing tools.

Seismology software: state of the practice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, W. Spencer; Zeng, Zheng; Carette, Jacques

2018-02-01

We analyzed the state of practice for software development in the seismology domain by comparing 30 software packages on four aspects: product, implementation, design, and process. We found room for improvement in most seismology software packages. The principal areas of concern include a lack of adequate requirements and design specification documents, a lack of test data to assess reliability, a lack of examples to get new users started, and a lack of technological tools to assist with managing the development process. To assist going forward, we provide recommendations for a document-driven development process that includes a problem statement, development plan, requirement specification, verification and validation (V&V) plan, design specification, code, V&V report, and a user manual. We also provide advice on tool use, including issue tracking, version control, code documentation, and testing tools.

The Forest Inventory and Analysis Database: Database description and users manual version 4.0 for Phase 2

Treesearch

Sharon W. Woudenberg; Barbara L. Conkling; Barbara M. O' Connell; Elizabeth B. LaPoint; Jeffery A. Turner; Karen L. Waddell

2010-01-01

This document is based on previous documentation of the nationally standardized Forest Inventory and Analysis database (Hansen and others 1992; Woudenberg and Farrenkopf 1995; Miles and others 2001). Documentation of the structure of the Forest Inventory and Analysis database (FIADB) for Phase 2 data, as well as codes and definitions, is provided. Examples for...

REDUCED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING DETERMINATIONS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

BROWN, R.L.

2003-06-13

This technical basis document defines conditions where reduced protective clothing can be allowed, defines reduced protective clothing, and documents the regulatory review that determines the process is compliant with the Tank Farm Radiological Control Manual (TFRCM) and Title 10, Part 835, of the Code of Federal Regulations (10CFR835). The criteria, standards, and requirements contained in this document apply only to Tank Farm Contractor (TFC) facilities.

Software Engineering Laboratory (SEL) compendium of tools, revision 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

A set of programs used to aid software product development is listed. Known as software tools, such programs include requirements analyzers, design languages, precompilers, code auditors, code analyzers, and software librarians. Abstracts, resource requirements, documentation, processing summaries, and availability are indicated for most tools.

Progress in The Semantic Analysis of Scientific Code

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stewart, Mark

2000-01-01

This paper concerns a procedure that analyzes aspects of the meaning or semantics of scientific and engineering code. This procedure involves taking a user's existing code, adding semantic declarations for some primitive variables, and parsing this annotated code using multiple, independent expert parsers. These semantic parsers encode domain knowledge and recognize formulae in different disciplines including physics, numerical methods, mathematics, and geometry. The parsers will automatically recognize and document some static, semantic concepts and help locate some program semantic errors. These techniques may apply to a wider range of scientific codes. If so, the techniques could reduce the time, risk, and effort required to develop and modify scientific codes.

Scientific and Technical Publishing at Goddard Space Flight Center in Fiscal Year 1994

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

This publication is a compilation of scientific and technical material that was researched, written, prepared, and disseminated by the Center's scientists and engineers during FY94. It is presented in numerical order of the GSFC author's sponsoring technical directorate; i.e., Code 300 is the Office of Flight Assurance, Code 400 is the Flight Projects Directorate, Code 500 is the Mission Operations and Data Systems Directorate, Code 600 is the Space Sciences Directorate, Code 700 is the Engineering Directorate, Code 800 is the Suborbital Projects and Operations Directorate, and Code 900 is the Earth Sciences Directorate. The publication database contains publication or presentation title, author(s), document type, sponsor, and organizational code. This is the second annual compilation for the Center.

Macroeconomic Activity Module - NEMS Documentation

EIA Publications

2016-01-01

Documents the objectives, analytical approach, and development of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Macroeconomic Activity Module (MAM) used to develop the Annual Energy Outlook for 2016 (AEO2016). The report catalogues and describes the module assumptions, computations, methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and mainframe source code

The Concept of Fit in Contingency Theory.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-11-01

Research Center San Diego, CA 92152 Psychology Department Naval Regional Medical Center San Diego, CA 92134 Com~’arding Officer - Naval Submarine Medical ...Research Laboratory Naval Submarine Base New London, Box 900 Grotcn, CT 06249 Co~anding Officer :;ava! Aerospace Medical Resea-:ch’ Lab Naval Air...Station Pen~sacola, FEL 32508 Program Manager for Human 44 Performance (Code 44) Naval Medical R&D Command National Naval Medical Center Bethesda, MD 20014A

Second order Pseudo-gaussian shaper

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Beche, Jean-Francois

2002-11-22

The purpose of this document is to provide a calculus spreadsheet for the design of second-order pseudo-gaussian shapers. A very interesting reference is given by C.H. Mosher ''Pseudo-Gaussian Transfer Functions with Superlative Recovery'', IEEE TNS Volume 23, p. 226-228 (1976). Fred Goulding and Don Landis have studied the structure of those filters and their implementation and this document will outline the calculation leading to the relation between the coefficients of the filter. The general equation of the second order pseudo-gaussian filter is: f(t) = P{sub 0} {center_dot} e{sup -3kt} {center_dot} sin{sup 2}(kt). The parameter k is a normalization factor.

76 FR 69172 - Determination of Governmental Plan Status

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-08

...The Treasury Department and IRS anticipate issuing regulations under section 414(d) of the Internal Revenue Code (Code) to define the term ``governmental plan.'' This document describes the rules that the Treasury Department and IRS are considering proposing relating to the determination of whether a plan is a governmental plan within the meaning of section 414(d) and contains an appendix that includes a draft notice of proposed rulemaking on which the Treasury Department and IRS invite comments from the public. This document applies to sponsors of, and participants and beneficiaries in, employee benefit plans that are determined to be governmental plans.

User's guide for FRMOD, a zero dimensional FRM burn code

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Driemeryer, D.; Miley, G.H.

1979-10-15

The zero-dimensional FRM plasma burn code, FRMOD is written in the FORTRAN language and is currently available on the Control Data Corporation (CDC) 7600 computer at the Magnetic Fusion Energy Computer Center (MFECC), sponsored by the US Department of Energy, in Livermore, CA. This guide assumes that the user is familiar with the system architecture and some of the utility programs available on the MFE-7600 machine, since online documentation is available for system routines through the use of the DOCUMENT utility. Users may therefore refer to it for answers to system related questions.

MDSplus quality improvement project

DOE PAGES

Fredian, Thomas W.; Stillerman, Joshua; Manduchi, Gabriele; ...

2016-05-31

MDSplus is a data acquisition and analysis system used worldwide predominantly in the fusion research community. Development began 29 years ago on the OpenVMS operating system. Since that time there have been many new features added and the code has been ported to many different operating systems. There have been contributions to the MDSplus development from the fusion community in the way of feature suggestions, feature implementations, documentation and porting to different operating systems. The bulk of the development and support of MDSplus, however, has been provided by a relatively small core developer group of three or four members. Givenmore » the size of the development team and the large number of users much more effort was focused on providing new features for the community than on keeping the underlying code and documentation up to date with the evolving software development standards. To ensure that MDSplus will continue to provide the needs of the community in the future, the MDSplus development team along with other members of the MDSplus user community has commenced on a major quality improvement project. The planned improvements include changes to software build scripts to better use GNU Autoconf and Automake tools, refactoring many of the source code modules using new language features available in modern compilers, using GNU MinGW-w64 to create MS Windows distributions, migrating to a more modern source code management system, improvement of source documentation as well as improvements to the www.mdsplus.org web site documentation and layout, and the addition of more comprehensive test suites to apply to MDSplus code builds prior to releasing installation kits to the community. This paper should lead to a much more robust product and establish a framework to maintain stability as more enhancements and features are added. Finally, this paper will describe these efforts that are either in progress or planned for the near future.« less

Report on FY15 alloy 617 code rules development

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sham, Sam; Jetter, Robert I; Hollinger, Greg

2015-09-01

Due to its strength at very high temperatures, up to 950°C (1742°F), Alloy 617 is the reference construction material for structural components that operate at or near the outlet temperature of the very high temperature gas-cooled reactors. However, the current rules in the ASME Section III, Division 5 Subsection HB, Subpart B for the evaluation of strain limits and creep-fatigue damage using simplified methods based on elastic analysis have been deemed inappropriate for Alloy 617 at temperatures above 650°C (1200°F) (Corum and Brass, Proceedings of ASME 1991 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, PVP-Vol. 215, p.147, ASME, NY, 1991). The rationalemore » for this exclusion is that at higher temperatures it is not feasible to decouple plasticity and creep, which is the basis for the current simplified rules. This temperature, 650°C (1200°F), is well below the temperature range of interest for this material for the high temperature gas-cooled reactors and the very high temperature gas-cooled reactors. The only current alternative is, thus, a full inelastic analysis requiring sophisticated material models that have not yet been formulated and verified. To address these issues, proposed code rules have been developed which are based on the use of elastic-perfectly plastic (EPP) analysis methods applicable to very high temperatures. The proposed rules for strain limits and creep-fatigue evaluation were initially documented in the technical literature (Carter, Jetter and Sham, Proceedings of ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, papers PVP 2012 28082 and PVP 2012 28083, ASME, NY, 2012), and have been recently revised to incorporate comments and simplify their application. Background documents have been developed for these two code cases to support the ASME Code committee approval process. These background documents for the EPP strain limits and creep-fatigue code cases are documented in this report.« less

Test Plan: WIPP bin-scale CH TRU waste tests

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Molecke, M.A.

1990-08-01

This WIPP Bin-Scale CH TRU Waste Test program described herein will provide relevant composition and kinetic rate data on gas generation and consumption resulting from TRU waste degradation, as impacted by synergistic interactions due to multiple degradation modes, waste form preparation, long-term repository environmental effects, engineered barrier materials, and, possibly, engineered modifications to be developed. Similar data on waste-brine leachate compositions and potentially hazardous volatile organic compounds released by the wastes will also be provided. The quantitative data output from these tests and associated technical expertise are required by the WIPP Performance Assessment (PA) program studies, and for the scientificmore » benefit of the overall WIPP project. This Test Plan describes the necessary scientific and technical aspects, justifications, and rational for successfully initiating and conducting the WIPP Bin-Scale CH TRU Waste Test program. This Test Plan is the controlling scientific design definition and overall requirements document for this WIPP in situ test, as defined by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), scientific advisor to the US Department of Energy, WIPP Project Office (DOE/WPO). 55 refs., 16 figs., 19 tabs.« less

Making a Lasting Impression: Recovery Act Reporting At Hanford - 12528

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tebrugge, Kimberly; Disney, Maren

The award of American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funding came with an unprecedented request for transparency to showcase to the American public how the stimulus funding was being put to work to achieve the goals put forth by the U.S. Government. At the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site, this request manifested in a contract requirement to provide weekly narrative, photos and video to highlight Recovery Act-funded projects. For DOE contractor CH2M HILL Plateau Remediation Company (CH2M HILL), the largest recipient of Hanford's funding, the reporting mechanism evolved into a communications tool for documenting the highly technical cleanup, then effectivelymore » sharing that story with the DOE and its varying stakeholder audiences. The report set the groundwork for building a streaming narrative of week-by-week progress. With the end of the Recovery Act, CH2M HILL is applying lessons learned from this stringent, transparent reporting process to its long-term reporting and communications of the progress being made in nuclear decommissioning at Hanford. (authors)« less

A Three-Phase Decision Model of Computer-Aided Coding for the Iranian Classification of Health Interventions (IRCHI)

PubMed Central

Azadmanjir, Zahra; Safdari, Reza; Ghazisaeedi, Marjan; Mokhtaran, Mehrshad; Kameli, Mohammad Esmail

2017-01-01

Introduction: Accurate coded data in the healthcare are critical. Computer-Assisted Coding (CAC) is an effective tool to improve clinical coding in particular when a new classification will be developed and implemented. But determine the appropriate method for development need to consider the specifications of existing CAC systems, requirements for each type, our infrastructure and also, the classification scheme. Aim: The aim of the study was the development of a decision model for determining accurate code of each medical intervention in Iranian Classification of Health Interventions (IRCHI) that can be implemented as a suitable CAC system. Methods: first, a sample of existing CAC systems was reviewed. Then feasibility of each one of CAC types was examined with regard to their prerequisites for their implementation. The next step, proper model was proposed according to the structure of the classification scheme and was implemented as an interactive system. Results: There is a significant relationship between the level of assistance of a CAC system and integration of it with electronic medical documents. Implementation of fully automated CAC systems is impossible due to immature development of electronic medical record and problems in using language for medical documenting. So, a model was proposed to develop semi-automated CAC system based on hierarchical relationships between entities in the classification scheme and also the logic of decision making to specify the characters of code step by step through a web-based interactive user interface for CAC. It was composed of three phases to select Target, Action and Means respectively for an intervention. Conclusion: The proposed model was suitable the current status of clinical documentation and coding in Iran and also, the structure of new classification scheme. Our results show it was practical. However, the model needs to be evaluated in the next stage of the research. PMID:28883671

Effects of CO addition on the characteristics of laminar premixed CH{sub 4}/air opposed-jet flames

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, C.-Y.; Chao, Y.-C.; Chen, C.-P.

2009-02-15

The effects of CO addition on the characteristics of premixed CH{sub 4}/air opposed-jet flames are investigated experimentally and numerically. Experimental measurements and numerical simulations of the flame front position, temperature, and velocity are performed in stoichiometric CH{sub 4}/CO/air opposed-jet flames with various CO contents in the fuel. Thermocouple is used for the determination of flame temperature, velocity measurement is made using particle image velocimetry (PIV), and the flame front position is measured by direct photograph as well as with laser-induced predissociative fluorescence (LIPF) of OH imaging techniques. The laminar burning velocity is calculated using the PREMIX code of Chemkin collectionmore » 3.5. The flame structures of the premixed stoichiometric CH{sub 4}/CO/air opposed-jet flames are simulated using the OPPDIF package with GRI-Mech 3.0 chemical kinetic mechanisms and detailed transport properties. The measured flame front position, temperature, and velocity of the stoichiometric CH{sub 4}/CO/air flames are closely predicted by the numerical calculations. Detailed analysis of the calculated chemical kinetic structures reveals that as the CO content in the fuel is increased from 0% to 80%, CO oxidation (R99) increases significantly and contributes to a significant level of heat-release rate. It is also shown that the laminar burning velocity reaches a maximum value (57.5 cm/s) at the condition of 80% of CO in the fuel. Based on the results of sensitivity analysis, the chemistry of CO consumption shifts to the dry oxidation kinetics when CO content is further increased over 80%. Comparison between the results of computed laminar burning velocity, flame temperature, CO consumption rate, and sensitivity analysis reveals that the effect of CO addition on the laminar burning velocity of the stoichiometric CH{sub 4}/CO/air flames is due mostly to the transition of the dominant chemical kinetic steps. (author)« less

The revised APTA code of ethics for the physical therapist and standards of ethical conduct for the physical therapist assistant: theory, purpose, process, and significance.

PubMed

Swisher, Laura Lee; Hiller, Peggy

2010-05-01

In June 2009, the House of Delegates (HOD) of the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) passed a major revision of the APTA Code of Ethics for physical therapists and the Standards of Ethical Conduct for the Physical Therapist Assistant. The revised documents will be effective July 1, 2010. The purposes of this article are: (1) to provide a historical, professional, and theoretical context for this important revision; (2) to describe the 4-year revision process; (3) to examine major features of the documents; and (4) to discuss the significance of the revisions from the perspective of the maturation of physical therapy as a doctoring profession. PROCESS OF REVISION: The process for revision is delineated within the context of history and the Bylaws of APTA. FORMAT, STRUCTURE, AND CONTENT OF REVISED CORE ETHICS DOCUMENTS: The revised documents represent a significant change in format, level of detail, and scope of application. Previous APTA Codes of Ethics and Standards of Ethical Conduct for the Physical Therapist Assistant have delineated very broad general principles, with specific obligations spelled out in the Ethics and Judicial Committee's Guide for Professional Conduct and Guide for Conduct of the Physical Therapist Assistant. In contrast to the current documents, the revised documents address all 5 roles of the physical therapist, delineate ethical obligations in organizational and business contexts, and align with the tenets of Vision 2020. The significance of this revision is discussed within historical parameters, the implications for physical therapists and physical therapist assistants, the maturation of the profession, societal accountability and moral community, potential regulatory implications, and the inclusive and deliberative process of moral dialogue by which changes were developed, revised, and approved.

A physician-led initiative to improve clinical documentation results in improved health care documentation, case mix index, and increased contribution margin.

PubMed

Aiello, Francesco A; Judelson, Dejah R; Durgin, Jonathan M; Doucet, Danielle R; Simons, Jessica P; Durocher, Dawn M; Flahive, Julie M; Schanzer, Andres

2018-05-04

Clinical documentation is the key determinant of inpatient acuity of illness and payer reimbursement. Every inpatient hospitalization is placed into a diagnosis related group with a relative value based on documented procedures, conditions, comorbidities and complications. The Case Mix Index (CMI) is an average of these diagnosis related groups and directly impacts physician profiling, medical center profiling, reimbursement, and quality reporting. We hypothesize that a focused, physician-led initiative to improve clinical documentation of vascular surgery inpatients results in increased CMI and contribution margin. A physician-led coding initiative to educate physicians on the documentation of comorbidities and conditions was initiated with concurrent chart review sessions with coding specialists for 3 months, and then as needed, after the creation of a vascular surgery documentation guide. Clinical documentation and billing for all carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and open infrainguinal procedures (OIPs) performed between January 2013 and July 2016 were stratified into precoding and postcoding initiative groups. Age, duration of stay, direct costs, actual reimbursements, contribution margin (CM), CMI, rate of complication or comorbidity, major complication or comorbidity, severity of illness, and risk of mortality assigned to each discharge were abstracted. Data were compared over time by standardizing Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) values for each diagnosis related group and using a CMS base rate reimbursement. Among 458 CEA admissions, postcoding initiative CEA patients (n = 253) had a significantly higher CMI (1.36 vs 1.25; P = .03), CM ($7859 vs $6650; P = .048), and CMS base rate reimbursement ($8955 vs $8258; P = .03) than precoding initiative CEA patients (n = 205). The proportion of admissions with a documented major complication or comorbidity and complication or comorbidity was significantly higher after the coding initiative (43% vs 27%; P < .01). Among 504 OIPs, postcoding initiative patients (n = 227) had a significantly higher CMI (2.23 vs 2.05; P < .01), actual reimbursement ($23,203 vs $19,909; P < .01), CM ($12,165 vs $8840; P < .01), and CMS base rate reimbursement ($14,649 vs $13,496; P < .01) than precoding initiative patients (n = 277). The proportion of admissions with a documented major complication or comorbidity and complication or comorbidity was significantly higher after the coding initiative (61% vs 43%; P < .01). For both CEA and OIPs, there were no differences in age, duration of stay, total direct costs, or primary insurance status between the precoding and postcoding patient groups. Accurate and detailed clinical documentation is required for key stakeholders to characterize the acuity of inpatient admissions and ensure appropriate reimbursement; it is also a key component of risk-adjustment methods for assessing quality of care. A physician-led documentation initiative significantly increased CMI and CM. Copyright © 2018 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Experimental investigation and computational modeling of hot filament diamond chemical vapor deposition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zumbach, Volker; Schäfer, Jörg; Tobai, Jens; Ridder, Michael; Dreier, Thomas; Schaich, Thomas; Wolfrum, Jürgen; Ruf, Bernhard; Behrendt, Frank; Deutschman, Olaf; Warnatz, Jürgen

1997-10-01

A joint investigation has been undertaken of the gas-phase chemistry taking place in a hot-filament chemical vapor-deposition (HFCVD) process for diamond synthesis on silica surfaces by a detailed comparison of numerical modeling and experimental results. Molecular beam sampling using quadrupole mass spectroscopy and resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization time of flight mass spectroscopy (REMPI-TOF-MS) has been used to determine absolute concentrations of stable hydrocarbons and radicals. Resulting species of a CH4/H2, a CH4/D2 (both 0.5%/99.5%) and a C2H2/H2 (0.25%/99.75%) feedgas mixture were investigated for varying filament and substrate temperatures. Spatially resolved temperature profiles at various substrate temperatures, obtained from coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) of hydrogen, are used as input parameters for the numerical code to reproduce hydrogen atom, methyl radical, methane, acetylene, and ethylene concentration profiles in the boundary layer of the substrate. In addition, the concentration of vibrationally excited hydrogen is determined by CARS. Results reveal only qualitative agreement between measured data and simulations, concerning concentrations of stable species and radicals probed near the surface, on filament and substrate temperature dependence, respectively. Hydrogen and deuterium experiments show similar behaviour for all species. In the case of CH4 as feedgas the model describes measured concentration profiles of CH3, CH4, and C2H2 qualitatively well. Large differences between model and experiment occur for hydrogen atoms (factor of 2) and C2H4 (factor of 3). For acetylene as feedgas the model is not able to give any predictions because no conversion of C2H2 is seen in the model in contrast to the experiment.

Distribution of the P2X2 receptor and chemical coding in ileal enteric neurons of obese male mice (ob/ob)

PubMed Central

Mizuno, Márcia Sanae; Crisma, Amanda Rabello; Borelli, Primavera; Schäfer, Bárbara Tavares; Silveira, Mariana Póvoa; Castelucci, Patricia

2014-01-01

AIM: To investigate the colocalization, density and profile of neuronal areas of enteric neurons in the ileum of male obese mice. METHODS: The small intestinal samples of male mice in an obese group (OG) (C57BL/6J ob/ob) and a control group (CG) (+/+) were used. The tissues were analyzed using a double immunostaining technique for immunoreactivity (ir) of the P2X2 receptor, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) and calretinin (Calr). Also, we investigated the density and profile of neuronal areas of the NOS-, ChAT- and Calr-ir neurons in the myenteric plexus. Myenteric neurons were labeled using an NADH-diaphorase histochemical staining method. RESULTS: The analysis demonstrated that the P2X2 receptor was expressed in the cytoplasm and in the nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes only in the CG. Neuronal density values (neuron/cm2) decreased 31% (CG: 6579 ± 837; OG: 4556 ± 407) and 16.5% (CG: 7796 ± 528; OG: 6513 ± 610) in the NOS-ir and calretinin-ir neurons in the OG, respectively (P < 0.05). Density of ChAT-ir (CG: 6200 ± 310; OG: 8125 ± 749) neurons significantly increased 31% in the OG (P < 0.05). Neuron size studies demonstrated that NOS, ChAT, and Calr-ir neurons did not differ significantly between the CG and OG groups. The examination of NADH-diaphorase-positive myenteric neurons revealed an overall similarity between the OG and CG. CONCLUSION: Obesity may exert its effects by promoting a decrease in P2X2 receptor expression and modifications in the density of the NOS-ir, ChAT-ir and CalR-ir myenteric neurons. PMID:25320527

75 FR 3053 - Application Numbers and Proposed Exemptions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-19

...This document contains notices of pendency before the Department of Labor (the Department) of proposed exemptions from certain of the prohibited transaction restrictions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA or the Act) and/or the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the Code).

SPAR improved structure-fluid dynamic analysis capability, phase 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pearson, M. L.

1984-01-01

An efficient and general method of analyzing a coupled dynamic system of fluid flow and elastic structures is investigated. The improvement of Structural Performance Analysis and Redesign (SPAR) code is summarized. All error codes are documented and the SPAR processor/subroutine cross reference is included.

Data Documentation for Navy Civilian Manpower Study,

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-09-01

Engineering 0830 Mechanical Engineer 0840 Nuclear Engineering 0850 Electrical Engineering 0855 Electronics Engineering 0856 Electronics ...OCCUPATIONAL LEVEL (DONOL) CODES DONOL code Title 1060 Engineering Drafting 1061 Electronics Technician w 1062 Engineering Technician 1063 Industrial...Architect 2314 Electrical Engineer 2315 Electronic Engineer 2316 Industrial Engineer 2317 Mechanical Engineer 2318

Fabrication and Evaluation of InSb CID Arrays

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-08-01

Eck l Mail Stop 55 Santa Barbara Research Center 75 Coromar Drive Goleta, California 93017 Stephen P. Emmons ’■ Mail Stop 134 Texas Instruments...Attn: Code 2629 ° Attn: Code 2627 6 Defense Documentation Center, Bldg. 5 - S47031 Cameron Station, Alexandrias Va. 22314 12

GEN-IV Benchmarking of Triso Fuel Performance Models under accident conditions modeling input data

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Collin, Blaise Paul

This document presents the benchmark plan for the calculation of particle fuel performance on safety testing experiments that are representative of operational accidental transients. The benchmark is dedicated to the modeling of fission product release under accident conditions by fuel performance codes from around the world, and the subsequent comparison to post-irradiation experiment (PIE) data from the modeled heating tests. The accident condition benchmark is divided into three parts: • The modeling of a simplified benchmark problem to assess potential numerical calculation issues at low fission product release. • The modeling of the AGR-1 and HFR-EU1bis safety testing experiments. •more » The comparison of the AGR-1 and HFR-EU1bis modeling results with PIE data. The simplified benchmark case, thereafter named NCC (Numerical Calculation Case), is derived from “Case 5” of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Coordinated Research Program (CRP) on coated particle fuel technology [IAEA 2012]. It is included so participants can evaluate their codes at low fission product release. “Case 5” of the IAEA CRP-6 showed large code-to-code discrepancies in the release of fission products, which were attributed to “effects of the numerical calculation method rather than the physical model” [IAEA 2012]. The NCC is therefore intended to check if these numerical effects subsist. The first two steps imply the involvement of the benchmark participants with a modeling effort following the guidelines and recommendations provided by this document. The third step involves the collection of the modeling results by Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and the comparison of these results with the available PIE data. The objective of this document is to provide all necessary input data to model the benchmark cases, and to give some methodology guidelines and recommendations in order to make all results suitable for comparison with each other. The participants should read this document thoroughly to make sure all the data needed for their calculations is provided in the document. Missing data will be added to a revision of the document if necessary. 09/2016: Tables 6 and 8 updated. AGR-2 input data added« less

Generation IV benchmarking of TRISO fuel performance models under accident conditions: Modeling input data

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Collin, Blaise P.

2014-09-01

This document presents the benchmark plan for the calculation of particle fuel performance on safety testing experiments that are representative of operational accidental transients. The benchmark is dedicated to the modeling of fission product release under accident conditions by fuel performance codes from around the world, and the subsequent comparison to post-irradiation experiment (PIE) data from the modeled heating tests. The accident condition benchmark is divided into three parts: the modeling of a simplified benchmark problem to assess potential numerical calculation issues at low fission product release; the modeling of the AGR-1 and HFR-EU1bis safety testing experiments; and, the comparisonmore » of the AGR-1 and HFR-EU1bis modeling results with PIE data. The simplified benchmark case, thereafter named NCC (Numerical Calculation Case), is derived from ''Case 5'' of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Coordinated Research Program (CRP) on coated particle fuel technology [IAEA 2012]. It is included so participants can evaluate their codes at low fission product release. ''Case 5'' of the IAEA CRP-6 showed large code-to-code discrepancies in the release of fission products, which were attributed to ''effects of the numerical calculation method rather than the physical model''[IAEA 2012]. The NCC is therefore intended to check if these numerical effects subsist. The first two steps imply the involvement of the benchmark participants with a modeling effort following the guidelines and recommendations provided by this document. The third step involves the collection of the modeling results by Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and the comparison of these results with the available PIE data. The objective of this document is to provide all necessary input data to model the benchmark cases, and to give some methodology guidelines and recommendations in order to make all results suitable for comparison with each other. The participants should read this document thoroughly to make sure all the data needed for their calculations is provided in the document. Missing data will be added to a revision of the document if necessary.« less

The complete genome sequence of Cupriavidus metallidurans strain CH34, a master survivalist in harsh and anthropogenic environments.

PubMed

Janssen, Paul J; Van Houdt, Rob; Moors, Hugo; Monsieurs, Pieter; Morin, Nicolas; Michaux, Arlette; Benotmane, Mohammed A; Leys, Natalie; Vallaeys, Tatiana; Lapidus, Alla; Monchy, Sébastien; Médigue, Claudine; Taghavi, Safiyh; McCorkle, Sean; Dunn, John; van der Lelie, Daniël; Mergeay, Max

2010-05-05

Many bacteria in the environment have adapted to the presence of toxic heavy metals. Over the last 30 years, this heavy metal tolerance was the subject of extensive research. The bacterium Cupriavidus metallidurans strain CH34, originally isolated by us in 1976 from a metal processing factory, is considered a major model organism in this field because it withstands milli-molar range concentrations of over 20 different heavy metal ions. This tolerance is mostly achieved by rapid ion efflux but also by metal-complexation and -reduction. We present here the full genome sequence of strain CH34 and the manual annotation of all its genes. The genome of C. metallidurans CH34 is composed of two large circular chromosomes CHR1 and CHR2 of, respectively, 3,928,089 bp and 2,580,084 bp, and two megaplasmids pMOL28 and pMOL30 of, respectively, 171,459 bp and 233,720 bp in size. At least 25 loci for heavy-metal resistance (HMR) are distributed over the four replicons. Approximately 67% of the 6,717 coding sequences (CDSs) present in the CH34 genome could be assigned a putative function, and 9.1% (611 genes) appear to be unique to this strain. One out of five proteins is associated with either transport or transcription while the relay of environmental stimuli is governed by more than 600 signal transduction systems. The CH34 genome is most similar to the genomes of other Cupriavidus strains by correspondence between the respective CHR1 replicons but also displays similarity to the genomes of more distantly related species as a result of gene transfer and through the presence of large genomic islands. The presence of at least 57 IS elements and 19 transposons and the ability to take in and express foreign genes indicates a very dynamic and complex genome shaped by evolutionary forces. The genome data show that C. metallidurans CH34 is particularly well equipped to live in extreme conditions and anthropogenic environments that are rich in metals.

The Complete Genome Sequence of Cupriavidus metallidurans Strain CH34, a Master Survivalist in Harsh and Anthropogenic Environments

PubMed Central

Janssen, Paul J.; Van Houdt, Rob; Moors, Hugo; Monsieurs, Pieter; Morin, Nicolas; Michaux, Arlette; Benotmane, Mohammed A.; Leys, Natalie; Vallaeys, Tatiana; Lapidus, Alla; Monchy, Sébastien; Médigue, Claudine; Taghavi, Safiyh; McCorkle, Sean; Dunn, John; van der Lelie, Daniël; Mergeay, Max

2010-01-01

Many bacteria in the environment have adapted to the presence of toxic heavy metals. Over the last 30 years, this heavy metal tolerance was the subject of extensive research. The bacterium Cupriavidus metallidurans strain CH34, originally isolated by us in 1976 from a metal processing factory, is considered a major model organism in this field because it withstands milli-molar range concentrations of over 20 different heavy metal ions. This tolerance is mostly achieved by rapid ion efflux but also by metal-complexation and -reduction. We present here the full genome sequence of strain CH34 and the manual annotation of all its genes. The genome of C. metallidurans CH34 is composed of two large circular chromosomes CHR1 and CHR2 of, respectively, 3,928,089 bp and 2,580,084 bp, and two megaplasmids pMOL28 and pMOL30 of, respectively, 171,459 bp and 233,720 bp in size. At least 25 loci for heavy-metal resistance (HMR) are distributed over the four replicons. Approximately 67% of the 6,717 coding sequences (CDSs) present in the CH34 genome could be assigned a putative function, and 9.1% (611 genes) appear to be unique to this strain. One out of five proteins is associated with either transport or transcription while the relay of environmental stimuli is governed by more than 600 signal transduction systems. The CH34 genome is most similar to the genomes of other Cupriavidus strains by correspondence between the respective CHR1 replicons but also displays similarity to the genomes of more distantly related species as a result of gene transfer and through the presence of large genomic islands. The presence of at least 57 IS elements and 19 transposons and the ability to take in and express foreign genes indicates a very dynamic and complex genome shaped by evolutionary forces. The genome data show that C. metallidurans CH34 is particularly well equipped to live in extreme conditions and anthropogenic environments that are rich in metals. PMID:20463976

Radiative Forcing by Well-Mixed Greenhouse Gases: Estimates from Climate Models in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Collins, W. D.; Ramaswamy, V.; Schwarzkopf, M. D.; Sun, Y.; Portmann, R. W.; Fu, Q.; Casanova, S. E. B.; Dufresne, J.-L.; Fillmore, D. W.; Forster, P. M. D.;

Clarifications on Secondary Emissions as Defined in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This document may be of assistance in applying the New Source Review (NSR) air permitting regulations including the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) requirements. This document is part of the NSR Policy and Guidance Database. Some documents in the database are a scanned or retyped version of a paper photocopy of the original. Although we have taken considerable effort to quality assure the documents, some may contain typographical errors. Contact the office that issued the document if you need a copy of the original.

Distribution of dissolved green-house gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) in Lakes Edward and George: Results from the first field cruise of the HIPE project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borges, Alberto V.; Morana, Cédric D. T.; Lambert, Thibault; Okello, William; Bouillon, Steven

2017-04-01

Inland waters (streams, rivers, lakes, reservoirs) are quantitatively important components of the global budgets of atmospheric emissions of long-lived greenhouse gases (GHGs) (CO2, CH4, N2O). Available data indicate that a very large fraction of CO2 and CH4 emissions from rivers and reservoirs occurs at tropical latitudes. Data on GHGs at tropical latitudes from lakes however are much more scarse, and the relative importance of emissions, in particular in Africa, remains to be determined. Large tropical lakes are net autotrophic (hence potentially sinks for atmospheric CO2) due generally low dissolved organic carbon concentrations, seasonally near constant light and temperature conditions, and generally deep water columns favourable for export of organic matter to depth. This sharply contrasts with their much better documented temperate and boreal counterparts, usually considered as CO2 sources to the atmosphere sustained by net heterotrophy. Here, we report a data-set of dissolved CO2, CH4, N2O obtained in October 2016 in Lakes Edward and George and adjacent streams and crater lakes in the frame of Belgian Science Policy (BELSPO) HIPE (Human impacts on ecosystem health and resources of Lake Edward, http://www.co2.ulg.ac.be/hipe/) project. Lake George and part of Lake Edward were sinks for atmospheric CO2 and N2O due to high primary production and denitrification in sediments, respectively, and modest sources of CH4 to the atmosphere. Sampled rivers and streams were oversaturated in CO2 and CH4 and close to atmospheric equilibrium with regards to N2O. Spatial variations within rivers and streams were related to elevation and vegetation characteristics on the catchments (savannah versus forest). Levels of CO2, CH4, and N2O were within the range of those we reported in other African rivers. Crater lakes acted as sinks for atmospheric CO2 and N2O but were extremely over-saturated in CH4, due to intense primary production sustained by cyanobacteria. These CH4 levels were much higher than what we have reported in other lakes and reservoirs elsewhere in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The grout/glass performance assessment code system (GPACS) with verification and benchmarking

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Piepho, M.G.; Sutherland, W.H.; Rittmann, P.D.

1994-12-01

GPACS is a computer code system for calculating water flow (unsaturated or saturated), solute transport, and human doses due to the slow release of contaminants from a waste form (in particular grout or glass) through an engineered system and through a vadose zone to an aquifer, well and river. This dual-purpose document is intended to serve as a user`s guide and verification/benchmark document for the Grout/Glass Performance Assessment Code system (GPACS). GPACS can be used for low-level-waste (LLW) Glass Performance Assessment and many other applications including other low-level-waste performance assessments and risk assessments. Based on all the cses presented, GPACSmore » is adequate (verified) for calculating water flow and contaminant transport in unsaturated-zone sediments and for calculating human doses via the groundwater pathway.« less

Sierra/SolidMechanics 4.48 User's Guide: Addendum for Shock Capabilities.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Plews, Julia A.; Crane, Nathan K; de Frias, Gabriel Jose

This is an addendum to the Sierra/SolidMechanics 4.48 User's Guide that documents additional capabilities available only in alternate versions of the Sierra/SolidMechanics (Sierra/SM) code. These alternate versions are enhanced to provide capabilities that are regulated under the U.S. Department of State's International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) export-control rules. The ITAR regulated codes are only distributed to entities that comply with the ITAR export-control requirements. The ITAR enhancements to Sierra/SM in- clude material models with an energy-dependent pressure response (appropriate for very large deformations and strain rates) and capabilities for blast modeling. Since this is an addendum to the standardmore » Sierra/SM user's guide, please refer to that document first for general descriptions of code capability and use.« less

National Earthquake Information Center systems overview and integration

USGS Publications Warehouse

Guy, Michelle R.; Patton, John M.; Fee, Jeremy; Hearne, Mike; Martinez, Eric; Ketchum, D.; Worden, Charles; Quitoriano, Vince; Hunter, Edward; Smoczyk, Gregory; Schwarz, Stan

2015-08-18

It is important to note that this document provides a brief introduction to the work of dozens of software developers and IT specialists, spanning in many cases more than a decade. References to significant amounts of supporting documentation, code, and information are supplied within.

Investigating the feasibility of using quick response codes in highway construction for document control.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-07-01

Highway construction takes place in remote locations, making document control challenging. Frequent changes in a project can cause errors, : reworks, and schedule delays due to the time taken to disseminate these changes to the field or due to using ...