Sample records for cold standby system

  1. Reliability estimation of a N- M-cold-standby redundancy system in a multicomponent stress-strength model with generalized half-logistic distribution

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, Yiming; Shi, Yimin; Bai, Xuchao; Zhan, Pei

    2018-01-01

    In this paper, we study the estimation for the reliability of a multicomponent system, named N- M-cold-standby redundancy system, based on progressive Type-II censoring sample. In the system, there are N subsystems consisting of M statistically independent distributed strength components, and only one of these subsystems works under the impact of stresses at a time and the others remain as standbys. Whenever the working subsystem fails, one from the standbys takes its place. The system fails when the entire subsystems fail. It is supposed that the underlying distributions of random strength and stress both belong to the generalized half-logistic distribution with different shape parameter. The reliability of the system is estimated by using both classical and Bayesian statistical inference. Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator and maximum likelihood estimator for the reliability of the system are derived. Under squared error loss function, the exact expression of the Bayes estimator for the reliability of the system is developed by using the Gauss hypergeometric function. The asymptotic confidence interval and corresponding coverage probabilities are derived based on both the Fisher and the observed information matrices. The approximate highest probability density credible interval is constructed by using Monte Carlo method. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to compare the performances of the proposed reliability estimators. A real data set is also analyzed for an illustration of the findings.

  2. Review of Standby and Ancillary Services in the Context of Behind-the-Meter Photovoltaics

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gagnon, Pieter J; Holm, Alison

    The New Mexico Public Regulatory Commission (NMPRC) requested information on the following topics: Overview of ancillary and standby services. Examples of how ancillary and standby services are defined, used, and analyzed in other jurisdictions. Considerations regarding how ancillary and standby services may be economically valued. Background information on how ancillary and standby services differ from fixed costs to serve owners of behind-the-meter solar photovoltaic (BTM PV) systems.

  3. Reliability and sensitivity analysis of a system with multiple unreliable service stations and standby switching failures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ke, Jyh-Bin; Lee, Wen-Chiung; Wang, Kuo-Hsiung

    2007-07-01

    This paper presents the reliability and sensitivity analysis of a system with M primary units, W warm standby units, and R unreliable service stations where warm standby units switching to the primary state might fail. Failure times of primary and warm standby units are assumed to have exponential distributions, and service times of the failed units are exponentially distributed. In addition, breakdown times and repair times of the service stations also follow exponential distributions. Expressions for system reliability, RY(t), and mean time to system failure, MTTF are derived. Sensitivity analysis, relative sensitivity analysis of the system reliability and the mean time to failure, with respect to system parameters are also investigated.

  4. Temperature initiated passive cooling system

    DOEpatents

    Forsberg, Charles W.

    1994-01-01

    A passive cooling system for cooling an enclosure only when the enclosure temperature exceeds a maximum standby temperature comprises a passive heat transfer loop containing heat transfer fluid having a particular thermodynamic critical point temperature just above the maximum standby temperature. An upper portion of the heat transfer loop is insulated to prevent two phase operation below the maximum standby temperature.

  5. Temperature initiated passive cooling system

    DOEpatents

    Forsberg, C.W.

    1994-11-01

    A passive cooling system for cooling an enclosure only when the enclosure temperature exceeds a maximum standby temperature comprises a passive heat transfer loop containing heat transfer fluid having a particular thermodynamic critical point temperature just above the maximum standby temperature. An upper portion of the heat transfer loop is insulated to prevent two phase operation below the maximum standby temperature. 1 fig.

  6. The automatic control system and stand-by facilities of the TDMA-40 equipment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gudenko, D. V.; Pankov, G. Kh.; Pauk, A. G.; Tsirlin, V. M.

    1980-10-01

    When a controlling station in a satellite communications system is out of order, a complex algorithm must be carried out for automatic operation of the stand-by equipment. A processor has been developed to perform this algorithm, as well as operations involving the stand-by facilities of the receiving-transmitting equipment of the station. The design principles and solutions to problems in developing the equipment for the monitoring and controlling systems are described. These systems are based on multistation access using time division multiplexing. Algorithms are presented for the operation of the synchronizing processor and the control processor of the equipment. The automatic control system and stand-by facilities make it possible to reduce the service personnel and to design an unattended station.

  7. Analysis of boron dilution in a four-loop PWR

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sun, J.G.; Sha, W.T.

    1995-12-31

    Thermal mixing and boron dilution in a pressurized water reactor were analyzed with COMMIX codes. The reactor system was the four loop Zion reactor. Two boron dilution scenarios were analyzed. In the first scenario, the plant is in cold shutdown and the reactor coolant system has just been filled after maintenance on the steam generators. To flush the air out of the steam generator tubes, a reactor coolant pump (RCP) is started, with the water in the pump suction line devoid of boron and at the same temperature as the coolant in the system. In the second scenario, the plantmore » is at hot standby and the reactor coolant system has been heated up to operating temperature after a long outage. It is assumed that an RCP is started, with the pump suction line filled with cold unborated water, forcing a slug of diluted coolant down the downcomer and subsequently through the reactor core. The subsequent transient thermal mixing and boron dilution that would occur in the reactor system is simulated for these two scenarios. The reactivity insertion rate and the total reactivity are evaluated.« less

  8. 12 CFR 614.4810 - Standby letters of credit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Standby letters of credit. 614.4810 Section 614.4810 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM LOAN POLICIES AND OPERATIONS Banks for Cooperatives and Agricultural Credit Banks Financing International Trade § 614.4810 Standby...

  9. Alternative Methods to Standby Gain Scheduling Following Air Data System Failure

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-09-01

    in the event of air data system failures. There are two problems with this current method. First, the pilot must take time away from other ...pertinent tasks to manually position the standby-gains via the landing gear handle, air-to-air refueling door switch or some other means. Second, the...the way, the original airspeed estimator was improved and two other alternatives to standby-gain-scheduling were investigated. Knowing what

  10. Design and evaluation of an electrohydraulic servoactuator using active standby redundancy

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Anderson, R. L.; Cover, W. E.

    1972-01-01

    The application is described of active standby redundancy techniques to a large electrohydraulic servoactuator. The advantages and limitations of active standby redundancy are identified. Special areas of investigation during the development test phase of the program were the evaluation of output transients as a function of channel switching and the nuisance switching characteristics of the system. The feasibility of constructing large electrohydraulic servoactuators using active standby redundancy was successfully demonstrated. In particular the stability and predictability of a properly designed hydromechanical failure detector was demonstrated.

  11. Operating results of a thermocline thermal energy storage included in a parabolic trough mini power plant

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fasquelle, Thomas; Falcoz, Quentin; Neveu, Pierre; Lecat, Florent; Boullet, Nicolas; Flamant, Gilles

    2017-06-01

    A thermocline thermal energy storage tank consists in using one single tank to store sensible heat. At almost any time, three zones coexist in the tank: a hot fluid zone at the top, a cold fluid zone at the bottom, and an intermediate zone called thermocline. Filling the tank with solid materials enables to reduce cost and to maintain the thermal stratification during stand-by periods. The present paper deals with a 230 kWh experimental thermocline tank that is included into a 150 kWth parabolic trough mini power plant. The heat transfer fluid is a non-pressurized synthetic oil (dibenzyltoluene) that flows through alumina spheres in the storage tank. The solid materials are contained into baskets in order to facilitate their removing and replacement. Thermocouples measure temperature along the center of the cylinder and along its radius. It is therefore possible to study the thermocline behavior thanks to the measured temperature profiles. A typical charge, a typical discharge and a stand-by process are presented and storage performances are discussed. The behavior of the tank in a dynamic system is also considered, by analyzing a typical day of solar production and storage of the energy surplus.

  12. A Framework For Fault Tolerance In Virtualized Servers

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-06-01

    effects into the system. Decrease in performance, the expansion in the total system size and weight, and a hike in the system cost can be counted in... benefit also shines out in terms of reliability. 41 4. How Data Guard Synchronizes Standby Databases Primary and standby databases in Oracle Data

  13. Fault tolerant system with imperfect coverage, reboot and server vacation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jain, Madhu; Meena, Rakesh Kumar

    2017-06-01

    This study is concerned with the performance modeling of a fault tolerant system consisting of operating units supported by a combination of warm and cold spares. The on-line as well as warm standby units are subject to failures and are send for the repair to a repair facility having single repairman which is prone to failure. If the failed unit is not detected, the system enters into an unsafe state from which it is cleared by the reboot and recovery action. The server is allowed to go for vacation if there is no failed unit present in the system. Markov model is developed to obtain the transient probabilities associated with the system states. Runge-Kutta method is used to evaluate the system state probabilities and queueing measures. To explore the sensitivity and cost associated with the system, numerical simulation is conducted.

  14. Standby Rates for Combined Heat and Power Systems

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sedano, Richard; Selecky, James; Iverson, Kathryn

    2014-02-01

    Improvements in technology, low natural gas prices, and more flexible and positive attitudes in government and utilities are making distributed generation more viable. With more distributed generation, notably combined heat and power, comes an increase in the importance of standby rates, the cost of services utilities provide when customer generation is not operating or is insufficient to meet full load. This work looks at existing utility standby tariffs in five states. It uses these existing rates and terms to showcase practices that demonstrate a sound application of regulatory principles and ones that do not. The paper also addresses areas formore » improvement in standby rates.« less

  15. Analysis of boron dilution in a four-loop PWR

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sun, J.G.; Sha, W.T.

    1995-03-01

    Thermal mixing and boron dilution in a pressurized water reactor were analyzed with COMMIX codes. The reactor system was the four-loop Zion reactor. Two boron dilution scenarios were analyzed. In the first scenario, the plant is in cold shutdown and the reactor coolant system has just been filled after maintenance on the steam generators. To flush the air out of the steam generator tubes, a reactor coolant pump (RCP) is started, with the water in the pump suction line devoid of boron and at the same temperature as the coolant in the system. In the second scenario, the plant ismore » at hot standby and the reactor coolant system has been heated to operating temperature after a long outage. It is assumed that an RCP is started, with the pump suction line filled with cold unborated water, forcing a slug of diluted coolant down the downcomer and subsequently through the reactor core. The subsequent transient thermal mixing and boron dilution that would occur in the reactor system is simulated for these two scenarios. The reactivity insertion rate and the total reactivity are evaluated and a sensitivity study is performed to assess the accuracy of the numerical modeling of the geometry of the reactor coolant system.« less

  16. Standby power for railroad-highway grade crossing warning systems

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1976-09-30

    The requirements for standby power at railroad-highway grade crossings, as established by the states, the Association of American Railroads, and the individual railroads, are described. Standard means of satisfying these requirements, using 115 vac p...

  17. 21. SITE BUILDING 002 SCANNER BUILDING LOOKING AT ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    21. SITE BUILDING 002 - SCANNER BUILDING - LOOKING AT DISC STORAGE SYSTEMS A AND B (A OR B ARE REDUNDANT SYSTEMS), ONE MAINFRAME COMPUTER ON LINE, ONE ON STANDBY WITH STORAGE TAPE, ONE ON STANDBY WITHOUT TAPE INSTALLED. - Cape Cod Air Station, Technical Facility-Scanner Building & Power Plant, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Sandwich, Barnstable County, MA

  18. Unstructured 5′-tails act through ribosome standby to override inhibitory structure at ribosome binding sites

    PubMed Central

    Sterk, Maaike; Romilly, Cédric; Wagner, E Gerhart H

    2018-01-01

    Abstract Initiation is the rate-limiting step in translation. It is well-known that stable structure at a ribosome binding site (RBS) impedes initiation. The ribosome standby model of de Smit and van Duin, based on studies of the MS2 phage coat cistron, proposed how high translation rates can be reconciled with stable, inhibitory structures at an RBS. Here, we revisited the coat protein system and assessed the translation efficiency from its sequestered RBS by introducing standby mutations. Further experiments with gfp reporter constructs assessed the effects of 5′-tails—as standby sites—with respect to length and sequence contributions. In particular, combining in vivo and in vitro assays, we can show that tails of CA-dinucleotide repeats—and to a lesser extent, AU-repeats—dramatically increase translation rates. Tails of increasing length reach maximal rate-enhancing effects at 16–18 nucleotides. These standby tails are single-stranded and do not exert their effect by structure changes in the neighboring RBS stem–loop. In vitro translation and toeprinting assays furthermore demonstrate that standby effects are exerted at the level of translation initiation. Finally, as expected, destabilizing mutations within the coat RBS indicate an interplay with the effects of standby tails. PMID:29420821

  19. 40 CFR 265.201 - Special requirements for generators of between 100 and 1,000 kg/mo that accumulate hazardous...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... structure (e.g., dike or trench), a drainage control system, or a diversion structure (e.g., standby tank... this inflow (e.g., waste feed cutoff system or by-pass system to a stand-by tank). Note: These systems are intended to be used in the event of a leak or overflow from the tank due to a system failure (e.g...

  20. 40 CFR 265.201 - Special requirements for generators of between 100 and 1,000 kg/mo that accumulate hazardous...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... structure (e.g., dike or trench), a drainage control system, or a diversion structure (e.g., standby tank... this inflow (e.g., waste feed cutoff system or by-pass system to a stand-by tank). Note: These systems are intended to be used in the event of a leak or overflow from the tank due to a system failure (e.g...

  1. 40 CFR 265.201 - Special requirements for generators of between 100 and 1,000 kg/mo that accumulate hazardous...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... structure (e.g., dike or trench), a drainage control system, or a diversion structure (e.g., standby tank... this inflow (e.g., waste feed cutoff system or by-pass system to a stand-by tank). Note: These systems are intended to be used in the event of a leak or overflow from the tank due to a system failure (e.g...

  2. 40 CFR 265.201 - Special requirements for generators of between 100 and 1,000 kg/mo that accumulate hazardous...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... structure (e.g., dike or trench), a drainage control system, or a diversion structure (e.g., standby tank... this inflow (e.g., waste feed cutoff system or by-pass system to a stand-by tank). Note: These systems are intended to be used in the event of a leak or overflow from the tank due to a system failure (e.g...

  3. 76 FR 79708 - Certain Portable Electronic Devices And Related Software; Submission for OMB Review; Comment...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-22

    ... the Commission has in rem and in personam jurisdiction. The ALJ also found that there was an... standby mode to sleep mode when the mobile phone system has been idle for a first period of time... standby mode to sleep mode when the mobile phone system has been idle for a first period of time...

  4. 12 CFR 614.4810 - Standby letters of credit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... party in the performance of an obligation. (b) As a matter of sound banking practice, banks for... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Standby letters of credit. 614.4810 Section 614.4810 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM LOAN POLICIES AND OPERATIONS Banks...

  5. Standby power generation under utility curtailment contract agreements

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Nolan, G.J.; Puccio, V.J.; Calhoun, C.W.

    1995-12-31

    Many utilities in the US offer large industrial and commercial customers power sales contracts which have attractive rates under a curtailment requirement. This curtailment requirement allows the utility to require the customer to reduce its power demand to a predetermined level within a specific time period. If the required curtailment is not achieved by the customer within the allocated time period, stiff financial penalties are usually enforced by the utility. The attractiveness of the contract rates usually is proportional to the amount of curtailment required. To take advantage of these attractive rates, a customer must be able to withstand themore » curtailment without supplemental generation or must add standby generation to meet its needs. Obviously, the cost of the curtailments to the customer should not exceed the economic benefits of reduced rates. This paper reviews the alternatives faced by a curtailment contract customer together with potential load shedding and standby generation system designs. An example of implementing a curtailment contract at an existing industrial facility is presented. The example facility, Boeing Helicopters of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania required both load shedding and standby generation. The load shedding scheme is fairly complex and is controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC). The standby generation and load shedding systems for the example facility are examined in detail. Also, lessons learned from implementing the required modifications to the example facility are discussed.« less

  6. Control Method for Video Guidance Sensor System

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Howard, Richard T. (Inventor); Book, Michael L. (Inventor); Bryan, Thomas C. (Inventor)

    2005-01-01

    A method is provided for controlling operations in a video guidance sensor system wherein images of laser output signals transmitted by the system and returned from a target are captured and processed by the system to produce data used in tracking of the target. Six modes of operation are provided as follows: (i) a reset mode; (ii) a diagnostic mode; (iii) a standby mode; (iv) an acquisition mode; (v) a tracking mode; and (vi) a spot mode wherein captured images of returned laser signals are processed to produce data for all spots found in the image. The method provides for automatic transition to the standby mode from the reset mode after integrity checks are performed and from the diagnostic mode to the reset mode after diagnostic operations are commands is permitted only when the system is in the carried out. Further, acceptance of reset and diagnostic standby mode. The method also provides for automatic transition from the acquisition mode to the tracking mode when an acceptable target is found.

  7. Control method for video guidance sensor system

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Howard, Richard T. (Inventor); Book, Michael L. (Inventor); Bryan, Thomas C. (Inventor)

    2005-01-01

    A method is provided for controlling operations in a video guidance sensor system wherein images of laser output signals transmitted by the system and returned from a target are captured and processed by the system to produce data used in tracking of the target. Six modes of operation are provided as follows: (i) a reset mode; (ii) a diagnostic mode; (iii) a standby mode; (iv) an acquisition mode; (v) a tracking mode; and (vi) a spot mode wherein captured images of returned laser signals are processed to produce data for all spots found in the image. The method provides for automatic transition to the standby mode from the reset mode after integrity checks are performed and from the diagnostic mode to the reset mode after diagnostic operations are carried out. Further, acceptance of reset and diagnostic commands is permitted only when the system is in the standby mode. The method also provides for automatic transition from the acquisition mode to the tracking mode when an acceptable target is found.

  8. Final Environmental Statement. Continental United States Over-the- Horizon Backscatter Radar System

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1975-01-01

    plants will be provided only for the operational radar system. When operating they will emit diesel exhaust fumes into the atmosphere. g. Noise...Pollution. Noise will be generated when the standby power plants are used. h. Foliage and Soil. The clearing of trees and shrubs in the...building, a 12 megawatt standby power plant , a gate house, transmit antennas, connection to commercial power lines, a paved access road, a well water

  9. Fault tolerance in a supercomputer through dynamic repartitioning

    DOEpatents

    Chen, Dong; Coteus, Paul W.; Gara, Alan G.; Takken, Todd E.

    2007-02-27

    A multiprocessor, parallel computer is made tolerant to hardware failures by providing extra groups of redundant standby processors and by designing the system so that these extra groups of processors can be swapped with any group which experiences a hardware failure. This swapping can be under software control, thereby permitting the entire computer to sustain a hardware failure but, after swapping in the standby processors, to still appear to software as a pristine, fully functioning system.

  10. 49 CFR 234.251 - Standby power.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Standby power. 234.251 Section 234.251 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION..., Inspection, and Testing Inspections and Tests § 234.251 Standby power. Standby power shall be tested at least...

  11. 49 CFR 234.251 - Standby power.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Standby power. 234.251 Section 234.251 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION..., Inspection, and Testing Inspections and Tests § 234.251 Standby power. Standby power shall be tested at least...

  12. Expert system for UNIX system reliability and availability enhancement

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xu, Catherine Q.

    1993-02-01

    Highly reliable and available systems are critical to the airline industry. However, most off-the-shelf computer operating systems and hardware do not have built-in fault tolerant mechanisms, the UNIX workstation is one example. In this research effort, we have developed a rule-based Expert System (ES) to monitor, command, and control a UNIX workstation system with hot-standby redundancy. The ES on each workstation acts as an on-line system administrator to diagnose, report, correct, and prevent certain types of hardware and software failures. If a primary station is approaching failure, the ES coordinates the switch-over to a hot-standby secondary workstation. The goal is to discover and solve certain fatal problems early enough to prevent complete system failure from occurring and therefore to enhance system reliability and availability. Test results show that the ES can diagnose all targeted faulty scenarios and take desired actions in a consistent manner regardless of the sequence of the faults. The ES can perform designated system administration tasks about ten times faster than an experienced human operator. Compared with a single workstation system, our hot-standby redundancy system downtime is predicted to be reduced by more than 50 percent by using the ES to command and control the system.

  13. Expert System for UNIX System Reliability and Availability Enhancement

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Xu, Catherine Q.

    1993-01-01

    Highly reliable and available systems are critical to the airline industry. However, most off-the-shelf computer operating systems and hardware do not have built-in fault tolerant mechanisms, the UNIX workstation is one example. In this research effort, we have developed a rule-based Expert System (ES) to monitor, command, and control a UNIX workstation system with hot-standby redundancy. The ES on each workstation acts as an on-line system administrator to diagnose, report, correct, and prevent certain types of hardware and software failures. If a primary station is approaching failure, the ES coordinates the switch-over to a hot-standby secondary workstation. The goal is to discover and solve certain fatal problems early enough to prevent complete system failure from occurring and therefore to enhance system reliability and availability. Test results show that the ES can diagnose all targeted faulty scenarios and take desired actions in a consistent manner regardless of the sequence of the faults. The ES can perform designated system administration tasks about ten times faster than an experienced human operator. Compared with a single workstation system, our hot-standby redundancy system downtime is predicted to be reduced by more than 50 percent by using the ES to command and control the system.

  14. Qualification of CASMO5 / SIMULATE-3K against the SPERT-III E-core cold start-up experiments

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Grandi, G.; Moberg, L.

    SIMULATE-3K is a three-dimensional kinetic code applicable to LWR Reactivity Initiated Accidents. S3K has been used to calculate several international recognized benchmarks. However, the feedback models in the benchmark exercises are different from the feedback models that SIMULATE-3K uses for LWR reactors. For this reason, it is worth comparing the SIMULATE-3K capabilities for Reactivity Initiated Accidents against kinetic experiments. The Special Power Excursion Reactor Test III was a pressurized-water, nuclear-research facility constructed to analyze the reactor kinetic behavior under initial conditions similar to those of commercial LWRs. The SPERT III E-core resembles a PWR in terms of fuel type, moderator,more » coolant flow rate, and system pressure. The initial test conditions (power, core flow, system pressure, core inlet temperature) are representative of cold start-up, hot start-up, hot standby, and hot full power. The qualification of S3K against the SPERT III E-core measurements is an ongoing work at Studsvik. In this paper, the results for the 30 cold start-up tests are presented. The results show good agreement with the experiments for the reactivity initiated accident main parameters: peak power, energy release and compensated reactivity. Predicted and measured peak powers differ at most by 13%. Measured and predicted reactivity compensations at the time of the peak power differ less than 0.01 $. Predicted and measured energy release differ at most by 13%. All differences are within the experimental uncertainty. (authors)« less

  15. A time-shared machine repair problem with mixed spares under N-policy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jain, Madhu; Shekhar, Chandra; Shukla, Shalini

    2016-06-01

    The present investigation deals with a machine repair problem consisting of cold and warm standby machines. The machines are subject to breakdown and are repaired by the permanent repairman operating under N-policy. There is provision of one additional removable repairman who is called upon when the work load of failed machines crosses a certain threshold level and is removed as soon as the work load again ceases to that level. Both repairmen recover the failed machines by following the time sharing concept which means that the repairmen share their repair job simultaneously among all the failed machines that have joined the system for repair. Markovian model has been developed by considering the queue dependent rates and solved analytically using the recursive technique. Various performance indices are derived which are further used to obtain the cost function. By taking illustration, numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis have been provided.

  16. 17 CFR 270.2a41-1 - Valuation of standby commitments by registered investment companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., and will be considered to be from the party to whom the investment company will look for payment of... standby commitment is not used to affect the company's valuation of the security or securities underlying the standby commitment; and (2) Any consideration paid by the company for the standby commitment...

  17. 40 CFR 280.103 - Standby trust fund.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Standby trust fund. 280.103 Section... (UST) Financial Responsibility § 280.103 Standby trust fund. (a) An owner or operator using any one of the mechanisms authorized by §§ 280.96, 280.98, or 280.99 must establish a standby trust fund when the...

  18. 1.9 K Heat Inleak and Resistive Heating Measurements on Lhc Cryomagnets

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ferlin, G.; Claudet, S.; Tavian, L.; Wagner, U.

    2010-04-01

    The superconducting magnets of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) distributed over eight sectors of 3.3-km long are cooled at 1.9 K in pressurized superfluid helium. During the commissioning campaign of the sectors in 2008, cold standby periods at nominal operating temperature have allowed to measure the overall static heat inleaks reaching the magnet cold masses at 1.9 K by enthalpy balance in steady-state operation. In addition, during electrical powering of the different magnet circuits, helium II calorimetry based on precision thermometry has been implemented to assess with an accuracy of 100 mW/m the additional heat loads due to resistive heating and to detect possible abnormal heat dissipation during powering. This paper describes the method applied to perform these measurements, compares the results with the expected specified values and discusses the impact of the measured values on cryo-plant tuning and operational margins.

  19. Status of cold chain in routine immunisation centres of the Expanded Programme on Immunisation in Quetta, Pakistan.

    PubMed

    Buledi, Rahim; Butt, Zahid Ahmad; Ahmed, Jamil; Alizai, Aamir Akram

    2017-05-01

    To determine the status of cold chain and knowledge and practices of health workers about cold chain maintenance in routine immunisation health centres. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Quetta, Pakistan, from May to July 2012, and comprised health facilities in the district. We interviewed the staff responsible for vaccine storage and cold chain maintenance and used a checklist to assess cold chain maintenance of routine expanded programme on immunisation vaccines. SPSS 16 was used for data analysis.. Of the 42 health facilities, staff of 13(30%) wrongly indicated that measles and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin were cold sensitive vaccines. Temperature of the ice-lined refrigerators was not maintained twice daily in 18(43%) centres. There were no voltage stabilisers and standby power generators in 31(74%) and 38(90%) centres, respectively. Vaccine arrangement was found to be inappropriate in ice-lined refrigerators of 38(90%) centres and ice packs were incorrectly used in carriers in 22(52%) centres. Vaccine stock was not charted in 39(93%) centres. Moreover, 4(10%) facilities did not have dedicated expanded programme on immunisation rooms whereas about 5(12%) and 33(79%) had no vaccinator and separate expanded programme on immunisation incharge appointed. Also, 32(76%) centres did not have a female vaccinator appointed. Although the majority of health staff had adequate knowledge, there were weaknesses in practice of maintaining the cold chain.

  20. Preliminary Engineering Design Package for the Basin A Neck Groundwater Intercept and Treatment System Interim Response Action

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-02-01

    INDICATOR pPOST-FILTERED VITER RPUESIC POST-FILTRATION POLYMER SOLUTION MCUUM BREAKER FILTRATION POLYMER D*+RENTALkL PRESSURE SWITCH FEED PUMPS POLYMER...differential pressure switch signals the need for backwash of the operating filter. At this time, flow is S automatically switched to the standby filter...filter is undergoing backwash or on standby. High differential pressure across the filter bed, as sensed by a differential pressure switch , signals

  1. Standby gasoline rationing plan

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1980-06-01

    Title 10 - Energy, Chapter II - Department of Energy, PART 570 - Standby gasoline rationing plan regulations. Final rules adopted by the President for a Standby Gasoline Rationing Plan required by the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1979 (P.L. ...

  2. 12 CFR 960.3 - Standby letters of credit on behalf of housing associates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... AND OFF-BALANCE SHEET ITEMS STANDBY LETTERS OF CREDIT § 960.3 Standby letters of credit on behalf of... facilitating residential or commercial mortgage lending that benefits individuals or families meeting the...

  3. 12 CFR 960.2 - Standby letters of credit on behalf of members.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... OFF-BALANCE SHEET ITEMS STANDBY LETTERS OF CREDIT § 960.2 Standby letters of credit on behalf of... facilitating community lending; (3) To assist members with asset/liability management; or (4) To provide...

  4. Methods and apparatus for switching a transponder to an active state, and asset management systems employing same

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mickle, Marlin H. (Inventor); Jones, Alex K. (Inventor); Cain, James T. (Inventor); Hawrylak, Peter J. (Inventor); Marx, Frank (Inventor); Hoare, Raymond R. (Inventor)

    2012-01-01

    A transponder that may be used as an RFID tag includes a passive circuit to eliminate the need for an "always on" active RF receiving element to anticipate a wake-up signal for the balance of the transponder electronics. This solution allows the entire active transponder to have all circuit elements in a sleep (standby) state, thus drastically extending battery life or other charge storage device life. Also, a wake-up solution that reduces total energy consumption of an active transponder system by allowing all non-addressed transponders to remain in a sleep (standby) state, thereby reducing total system or collection energy. Also, the transponder and wake-up solution are employed in an asset tracking system.

  5. Methods and apparatus for switching a transponder to an active state, and asset management systems employing same

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mickle, Marlin H. (Inventor); Jones, Alex K. (Inventor); Cain, James T. (Inventor); Hawrylak, Peter J. (Inventor); Marx, Frank (Inventor); Hoare, Raymond R. (Inventor)

    2011-01-01

    A transponder that may be used as an RFID tag includes a passive circuit to eliminate the need for an "always on" active RF receiving element to anticipate a wake-up signal for the balance of the transponder electronics. This solution allows the entire active transponder to have all circuit elements in a sleep (standby) state, thus drastically extending battery life or other charge storage device life. Also, a wake-up solution that reduces total energy consumption of an active transponder system by allowing all non-addressed transponders to remain in a sleep (standby) state, thereby reducing total system or collection energy. Also, the transponder and wake-up solution are employed in an asset tracking system.

  6. Fitment of ’TAMAM’ Standby Attitude Indicators to Macchi Aircraft.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-08-01

    A.Dr-A .. 7 AIRCRAFT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT UNIT EDINBURGH (AUS--ETC FIG 1/4 FITMENT OF ITAMAM’ STANDBY ATTITUDE INDICATORS TO MACCHI AIRCRA--ETC(U...REPIST( [IC’.4. T SERVICE . . .. , -- 7 i:.)U.,L ATO SHLL ThIS REPORT FITMENT OF ’TAMAM’ STANDBY= ATTITUDE INDICATORS L .-iTO MACCHI AIRCRAFT j APPROVED...TI-683 Isolation: UNCLAS Other c. Summary in Numbers: Isolation: UNCLAS 3 TITLE ] FITMENT OF ’TAMAN’ STANDBY ATTITUDE INDICATORS TO MACCHI AIRCRAFT

  7. Intelligent power consumption with two-way shift able feature and its implementation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xu, Jing; Liu, Youwei

    2017-10-01

    This paper proposes an intelligent power consumption system with two-way shift able feature and its implementation. Based on power consumption information of standby load and load in working state, a dispatching system decomposes load regulation demand top-down to smart appliances and makes them response orderly as required. It designs a code-based representation method for power consumption information and takes account of standby load, which lays the information foundation for load increment. It also presents a shift able index, which can be used to comprehensively reflect feature of electrical equipment and users and provides a basis for load priority.

  8. Stochastic availability analysis of operational data systems in the Deep Space Network

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Issa, T. N.

    1991-01-01

    Existing availability models of standby redundant systems consider only an operator's performance and its interaction with the hardware performance. In the case of operational data systems in the Deep Space Network (DSN), in addition to an operator system interface, a controller reconfigures the system and links a standby unit into the network data path upon failure of the operating unit. A stochastic (Markovian) process technique is used to model and analyze the availability performance and occurrence of degradation due to partial failures are quantitatively incorporated into the model. Exact expressions of the steady state availability and proportion degraded performance measures are derived for the systems under study. The interaction among the hardware, operator, and controller performance parameters and that interaction's effect on data availability are evaluated and illustrated for an operational data processing system.

  9. 46 CFR Sec. 3 - Standby agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 8 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Standby agreements. Sec. 3 Section 3 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION B-CONTROL AND UTILIZATION OF PORTS FEDERAL PORT CONTROLLERS Sec. 3 Standby agreements. The Director, NSA, may negotiate the standard form of service agreement, specified in...

  10. 46 CFR Sec. 2 - Stand-by agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 8 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Stand-by agreements. Sec. 2 Section 2 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION B-CONTROL AND UTILIZATION OF PORTS OPERATING CONTRACT Sec. 2 Stand-by agreements. The Director NSA, Maritime Administration, in advance of an emergency, may negotiate...

  11. 46 CFR Sec. 2 - Stand-by agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 8 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Stand-by agreements. Sec. 2 Section 2 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION B-CONTROL AND UTILIZATION OF PORTS OPERATING CONTRACT Sec. 2 Stand-by agreements. The Director NSA, Maritime Administration, in advance of an emergency, may negotiate...

  12. 46 CFR Sec. 3 - Standby agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 8 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Standby agreements. Sec. 3 Section 3 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION B-CONTROL AND UTILIZATION OF PORTS FEDERAL PORT CONTROLLERS Sec. 3 Standby agreements. The Director, NSA, may negotiate the standard form of service agreement, specified in...

  13. Optimum testing intervals of building emergency power supply systems in tall buildings in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kwok, Yu Fat

    The main objective of this study is to develop a model for the determination of optimum testing interval (OTI) of non-redundant standby plants. This study focuses on the emergency power generators in tall buildings in Hong Kong. The model for the reliability, which is developed, is applicable to any non-duplicated standby plant. In a tall building, the mobilisation of occupants is constrained by its height and the building internal layout. Occupant's safety, amongst other safety considerations, highly depends on the reliability of the fire detection and protection system, which in turn is dependent on the reliability of the emergency power generation plants. A thorough literature survey shows that the practice used in determining OTI in nuclear plants is generally applicable. Historically, the OTI in these plants is determined by balancing the testing downtime and reliability gained from frequent testing. However, testing downtime does not exist in plants like emergency power generator. Subsequently, sophisticated models have taken repairing downtime into consideration. In this study, the algorithms for the determination of OTI, and hence reliability of standby plants, are reconsidered. A new concept is introduced into the subject. A new model is developed for such purposes which embraces more realistic factors found in practice. System aging and the finite life cycle of the standby plant are considered. Somewhat more pragmatic is that the Optimum Overhauling Interval can also be determined from this new model. System unavailability grow with time, but can be reset by test or overhaul. Contrary to fixed testing intervals, OTI is determined whenever system point unavailability exceeds certain level, which depends on the reliability requirement of the standby system. An optimum testing plan for lowering this level to the 'minimum useful unavailability' level (see section 9.1 for more elaboration) can be determined by the new model presented. Cost effectiveness is accounted for by a new parameter 'tau min', the minimum testing interval (MTI). The MTI optimises the total number of tests and the total number of overhauls, when the costs for each are available. The model sets up criteria for test and overhaul and to 'announce' end of system life. The usefulness of the model is validated by a detailed analysis of the operating parameters from 8,500 maintenance records collected for emergency power generation plants in high rise buildings in Hong Kong. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

  14. 33 CFR 143.401 - Vessel certification and operation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Standby Vessels § 143.401... that the standby vessel is designated to assist. Crew spaces may be used to meet the requirements of... persons on the most populated facility that the standby vessel is designated to assist. Crew spaces may be...

  15. 33 CFR 143.401 - Vessel certification and operation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Standby Vessels § 143.401... that the standby vessel is designated to assist. Crew spaces may be used to meet the requirements of... persons on the most populated facility that the standby vessel is designated to assist. Crew spaces may be...

  16. 33 CFR 143.401 - Vessel certification and operation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Standby Vessels § 143.401... that the standby vessel is designated to assist. Crew spaces may be used to meet the requirements of... persons on the most populated facility that the standby vessel is designated to assist. Crew spaces may be...

  17. 33 CFR 143.401 - Vessel certification and operation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Standby Vessels § 143.401... that the standby vessel is designated to assist. Crew spaces may be used to meet the requirements of... persons on the most populated facility that the standby vessel is designated to assist. Crew spaces may be...

  18. 33 CFR 143.401 - Vessel certification and operation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Standby Vessels § 143.401... that the standby vessel is designated to assist. Crew spaces may be used to meet the requirements of... persons on the most populated facility that the standby vessel is designated to assist. Crew spaces may be...

  19. 14 CFR 171.9 - Installation requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... licensing requirements. (b) The facility must have a reliable source of suitable primary power, either from a power distribution system or locally generated, with a supplemental standby system, if needed. (c...

  20. 14 CFR 171.9 - Installation requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... licensing requirements. (b) The facility must have a reliable source of suitable primary power, either from a power distribution system or locally generated, with a supplemental standby system, if needed. (c...

  1. 14 CFR 171.9 - Installation requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... licensing requirements. (b) The facility must have a reliable source of suitable primary power, either from a power distribution system or locally generated, with a supplemental standby system, if needed. (c...

  2. 31 CFR 585.518 - Certain standby letters of credit and performance bonds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... reimbursement that is required by applicable law. (c) Where there is outstanding a demand for payment under a... Certain standby letters of credit and performance bonds. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law... confirming bank shall receive such demand for payment under such a standby letter of credit, it shall...

  3. Should the next standby power target be 0-watt?

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Meier, Alan; Siderius, Hans-Paul

    The standby power use of appliances continues to consume large amounts of electricity. Considerable success has been made in reducing each device’s use, but these savings have been offset by a huge increase in the number of products using standby power and new power requirements for maintaining network connections. Current strategies to reduce standby have limitations and may not be most appropriate for emerging energy consumption trends. A new strategy for further reductions in standby, the “Standzero” option, encourages electrical products to be designed to operate for short periods without relying on mains-supplied electricity. Energy savings are achieved through enhancedmore » efficiency and by harvesting ambient energy. A sensitivity analysis suggests many appliances could be designed to operate for at least an hour without relying on mains power and, in some cases, may be able to operate indefinitely at zero watts until activated.« less

  4. Modelling and simulation of thermal behaviour of vanadium redox flow battery

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yan, Yitao; Li, Yifeng; Skyllas-Kazacos, Maria; Bao, Jie

    2016-08-01

    This paper extends previous thermal models of the vanadium redox flow battery to predict temperature profiles within multi-cell stacks. This involves modelling the thermal characteristics of the stack as a whole to modelling each individual cell. The study investigates the thermal behaviour for two different scenarios: during standby periods when the pumps are turned off, and in a residential power arbitrage scenario for two types of membranes. It was found that the temperature gradient across the cells is most significant during the standby case, with the simulation results showing completely different thermal behaviours between the two systems.

  5. Cargo Movement Operations System (CMOS). Final Software Design Document for the Applications CSCI, Increment II

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-10-03

    NO [ ] COMMENT DISPOSITION: COMMENT STATUS: OPEN [ CLOSED [] ORIGINATOR CONTROL NUMBER: SDDl-0002 PROGRAM OFFiCE CONTROL NUMBER: DATA ITEM DISCREPANCY WORKSHEET CDRL NUMBER: A006-0250L DATE: 10/03/11 ORIGINATOR NAME: Ronald J. Lacour OFFICE SYMBOL: SAIC TELEPHONE NUMBER: 272-2999 SUBSTANTIVE: X EDITORIAL: PAGE NUMBER: CU2A5040-19 PARA NUMBER: N/A COMMENT OR RECOMMENDED CHANGE: Add "STANDBY PAX" on the last page of this screen. RATIONALE: This redesigned page is for handling standby passengers. However, no mention of that is present.

  6. 5 CFR 551.431 - Time spent on standby duty or in an on-call status.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... § 551.431 Time spent on standby duty or in an on-call status. (a)(1) An employee is on duty, and time... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Time spent on standby duty or in an on-call status. 551.431 Section 551.431 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL...

  7. 5 CFR 551.431 - Time spent on standby duty or in an on-call status.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... § 551.431 Time spent on standby duty or in an on-call status. (a)(1) An employee is on duty, and time... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Time spent on standby duty or in an on-call status. 551.431 Section 551.431 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL...

  8. 78 FR 42723 - Airworthiness Directives; Pilatus Aircraft Ltd. Airplanes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-17

    ... System (ESIS). If the common ground fails both navigations systems could fail simultaneously, which could... Display (PFD) and the Electronic Standby Instrument System (ESIS). If the common ground fails both navigations systems could fail simultaneously, which could result in loss of control. We are issuing this...

  9. Coal slurry fuel supply and purge system

    DOEpatents

    McDowell, Robert E.; Basic, Steven L.; Smith, Russel M.

    1994-01-01

    A coal slurry fuel supply and purge system for a locomotive engines is disclosed which includes a slurry recirculation path, a stand-by path for circulating slurry during idle or states of the engine when slurry fuel in not required by the engine, and an engine header fluid path connected to the stand-by path, for supplying and purging slurry fuel to and from fuel injectors. A controller controls the actuation of valves to facilitate supply and purge of slurry to and from the fuel injectors. A method for supplying and purging coal slurry in a compression ignition engine is disclosed which includes controlling fluid flow devices and valves in a plurality of fluid paths to facilitate continuous slurry recirculation and supply and purge of or slurry based on the operating state of the engine.

  10. 1998 FFTF annual system assessment reports

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Guttenberg, S.

    The health of FFTF systems was assessed assuming a continued facility standby condition. The review was accomplished in accordance with the guidelines of FFTF-EI-083, Plant Evaluation Program. The attached document includes an executive summary of the significant conclusions and assessment reports for each system evaluated.

  11. 46 CFR 153.432 - Cooling systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Cooling systems. 153.432 Section 153.432 Shipping COAST... Control Systems § 153.432 Cooling systems. (a) Each cargo cooling system must have an equivalent standby... cooling system. (b) Each tankship that has a cargo tank with a required cooling system must have a manual...

  12. 46 CFR 153.432 - Cooling systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Cooling systems. 153.432 Section 153.432 Shipping COAST... Control Systems § 153.432 Cooling systems. (a) Each cargo cooling system must have an equivalent standby... cooling system. (b) Each tankship that has a cargo tank with a required cooling system must have a manual...

  13. 46 CFR 153.432 - Cooling systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Cooling systems. 153.432 Section 153.432 Shipping COAST... Control Systems § 153.432 Cooling systems. (a) Each cargo cooling system must have an equivalent standby... cooling system. (b) Each tankship that has a cargo tank with a required cooling system must have a manual...

  14. 46 CFR 153.432 - Cooling systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cooling systems. 153.432 Section 153.432 Shipping COAST... Control Systems § 153.432 Cooling systems. (a) Each cargo cooling system must have an equivalent standby... cooling system. (b) Each tankship that has a cargo tank with a required cooling system must have a manual...

  15. 78 FR 58874 - Airworthiness Directives; PILATUS AIRCRAFT LTD. Airplanes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-25

    ... System (ESIS). If the common ground fails both navigations systems could fail simultaneously, which could... flight display (PFD) and the Electronic Standby Instrument System (ESIS). If the common ground fails both navigation systems could fail simultaneously. We are issuing this AD to prevent simultaneous failure of both...

  16. Standby Power Management Architecture for Deep-Submicron Systems

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-05-19

    Driver 61 5.1 Quark PicoNode System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 5.2 Power Domain Architecture... Quark system protocol stack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 5.2 Quark system block diagram...the implementation of the chip using an industry-standard place and route design flow. Lastly some measurements from the chip are presented. 5.1 Quark

  17. Standby Power

    Science.gov Websites

    being unplugged. These products draw power 24 hours a day, often without the knowledge of the consumer Define & Measure Data Reports & Links Archives Contact © Building Technology and Urban Systems

  18. 77 FR 39745 - Fuel Oil Systems for Emergency Power Supplies

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-05

    ... fuel oil systems for safety-related emergency diesel generators and oil-fueled gas turbine generators... emergency diesel generators and oil-fueled gas turbine generators, including assurance of adequate fuel oil.... The DG-1282 is proposed revision 2 of Regulatory Guide 1.137, ``Fuel Oil Systems for Standby Diesel...

  19. 40 CFR 52.2320 - Identification of plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... dated February 5, 1985, HAFB AO for Paint Booth, HVAC Modification, Standby Generators, and Fuel Storage... implementation of the inspection of vehicle On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) systems starting January 1, 2002 in all...

  20. 40 CFR 52.2320 - Identification of plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... dated February 5, 1985, HAFB AO for Paint Booth, HVAC Modification, Standby Generators, and Fuel Storage... implementation of the inspection of vehicle On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) systems starting January 1, 2002 in all...

  1. 40 CFR 52.2320 - Identification of plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... dated February 5, 1985, HAFB AO for Paint Booth, HVAC Modification, Standby Generators, and Fuel Storage... implementation of the inspection of vehicle On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) systems starting January 1, 2002 in all...

  2. Comparative analysis of different configurations of PLC-based safety systems from reliability point of view

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Tapia, Moiez A.

    1993-01-01

    The study of a comparative analysis of distinct multiplex and fault-tolerant configurations for a PLC-based safety system from a reliability point of view is presented. It considers simplex, duplex and fault-tolerant triple redundancy configurations. The standby unit in case of a duplex configuration has a failure rate which is k times the failure rate of the standby unit, the value of k varying from 0 to 1. For distinct values of MTTR and MTTF of the main unit, MTBF and availability for these configurations are calculated. The effect of duplexing only the PLC module or only the sensors and the actuators module, on the MTBF of the configuration, is also presented. The results are summarized and merits and demerits of various configurations under distinct environments are discussed.

  3. Active-standby servovalue/actuator development

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Masm, R. K.

    1973-01-01

    A redundant, fail/operate fail/fixed servoactuator was constructed and tested along with electronic models of a servovalve. It was found that a torque motor switch is satisfactory for the space shuttle main engine hydraulic actuation system, and that this system provides an effective failure monitoring technique.

  4. Economic and environmental benefits of reducing standby power lossin DVD/VCD players and copiers in China

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lin, Jiang; Li, Tienan; Li, Aizhen

    With the popularization of household electrical appliances and the rapid development of office automation and networking, a huge number of consumer electronic devices, computers, copiers, and fax machines have been put into use in China over the last two decades. These products almost all use a certain amount of standby power--the power that is consumed when a device is connected but not performing its primary function. The rapid growth of standby energy consumption due to these products--and the consequent environmental problems--has attracted more and more attentions from researchers and from many government and international agencies. Numerous countries have developed policiesmore » and measures to restrict and reduce standby energy consumption (US EPA, 2004, IEA, 2001, and GEEA, 2004). However, standby energy consumption is still a new concept for Chinese consumers and the phenomenon of ''unconscious waste of energy'' is still very common in the people's daily life and work. With the goal of reducing China's standby energy consumption, China Certification Center for Energy Conservation Products (CECP) and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) have, under the sponsorship of the Energy Foundation (EF), entered into a collaboration to develop technical requirements for CECP's labeling program for consumer electronics and office equipment. These technical requirements will be used to qualify products for CECP's energy efficiency endorsement label in China. In the phase I of this collaborative project, CECP and LBNL conducted technical and economic research on televisions and printers in China. Based on the results of this research, CECP developed specifications for, and carried out corresponding energy conservation certifications for these two products. CECP's standby power certification program has made impressive gains in China. Leading manufacturers, such as Haier, Hesons, TCL, Chuangwei, Lenovo, EPSON, Fujitsu, and Brother have participated in CECP's certification activities. Media events organized by CECP have greatly improved the country's awareness of standby power loss. Reducing standby power loss has been formally incorporated into China's energy efficiency policy portfolio and in China's collaboration with the international community on the subject of energy efficiency (IEA, 2001). In phase II of the program, CECP's main task was to assess the market for DVD/VCD (Digital Versatile/Video Disc and Video Compact Disc) players and copiers to analyze the economic and technical benefits of energy conservation potential, and to develop technical specifications for DVD/VCD players and copiers, with technical assistance from LBNL. Having built on the success of Phase I, CECP paid great attention to the appraisal of market conditions and the economic and environmental benefits of reducing standby power loss in DVD/VCD players and copiers, and solicited inputs from stakeholders before finalizing the product certification requirements. This paper summarizes the expected energy conservation and environmental benefits due to the implementation of certification programs for DVD/VCD players and copiers in China.« less

  5. Dampers for Natural Draft Heaters: Technical Report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lutz, James D.; Biermayer, Peter; King, Derek

    2008-10-27

    Energy required for water heating accounts for approximately 40percent of national residential natural gas consumption in California. With water heating contributing such a substantial portion of natural gas consumption, it is important to pay attention to water heater efficiencies. This paper reports on an investigation of a patented, buoyancy-operated flue damper. It is an add-on design to a standard atmospherically vented natural-draft gas-fired storage water heater. The flue damper was expected to reduce off-cycle standby losses, which would lead to improvements in the efficiency of the water heater. The test results showed that the Energy Factor of the baseline watermore » heater was 0.576. The recovery efficiency was 0.768. The standby heat loss coefficient was 10.619 (BTU/hr-oF). After the damper was installed, the test results show an Energy Factor for the baseline water heater of 0.605. The recovery efficiency was 0.786. The standby heat loss coefficient was 9.135 (BTU/hr-oF). The recovery efficiency increased 2.3percent and the standby heat loss coefficient decreased 14percent. When the burner was on, the baseline water heater caused 28.0 CFM of air to flow from the room. During standby, the flow was 12.4 CFM. The addition of the damper reduced the flow when the burner was on to 23.5 CFM. During standby, flow with the damper was reduced to 11.1 CFM. The flue damper reduced off-cycle standby losses, and improved the efficiency of the water heater. The flue damper also improved the recovery efficiency of the water heater by restricting on-cycle air flows through the flue.With or without the flue damper, off-cycle air flow upthe stack is nearly half the air flow rate as when the burner is firing.« less

  6. White Sands Space Harbor Area 1, Crash/Rescue Standby Support GPS ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    White Sands Space Harbor Area 1, Crash/Rescue Standby Support GPS Buildings, East side of Runway 17/35, approximately 2,650 feet north of intersection with Runway 23/05, White Sands, Dona Ana County, NM

  7. 40. OUTLET WORKS: VIBRATION ABSORBER FOR STANDBY UNIT, Sheet H7, ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    40. OUTLET WORKS: VIBRATION ABSORBER FOR STANDBY UNIT, Sheet H-7, September, 1940. File no. SA 342/79. - Prado Dam, Outlet Works, Santa Ana River near junction of State Highways 71 & 91, Corona, Riverside County, CA

  8. Design of flood early warning system with wifi network based on smartphone

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Supani, Ahyar; Andriani, Yuli; Taqwa, Ahmad

    2017-11-01

    Today, the development using internet of things enables activities surrounding us to be monitored, controlled, predicted and calculated remotely through connections to the internet network such as monitoring activities of long-distance flood warning with information technology. Applying an information technology in the field of flood early warning has been developed in the world, either connected to internet network or not. The internet network that has been done in this paper is the design of WiFi network to access data of rainfall, water level and flood status at any time with a smartphone coming from flood early warning system. The results obtained when test of data accessing with smartphone are in form of rainfall and water level graphs against time and flood status indicators consisting of 3 flood states: Standby 2, Standby 1 and Flood. It is concluded that data are from flood early warning system has been able to accessed and displayed on smartphone via WiFi network in any time and real time.

  9. 30 CFR 75.1101-16 - Dry powder chemical systems; sensing and fire-suppression devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... sensing device installed in such system. (b) Where sensors are operated from the same power source as the belt drive, each sensor shall be equipped with a standby power source which shall be capable of remaining operative for at least 4 hours after a power cutoff. (c) Sensor systems shall include a warning...

  10. 30 CFR 75.1101-16 - Dry powder chemical systems; sensing and fire-suppression devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... sensing device installed in such system. (b) Where sensors are operated from the same power source as the belt drive, each sensor shall be equipped with a standby power source which shall be capable of remaining operative for at least 4 hours after a power cutoff. (c) Sensor systems shall include a warning...

  11. 30 CFR 75.1101-16 - Dry powder chemical systems; sensing and fire-suppression devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... sensing device installed in such system. (b) Where sensors are operated from the same power source as the belt drive, each sensor shall be equipped with a standby power source which shall be capable of remaining operative for at least 4 hours after a power cutoff. (c) Sensor systems shall include a warning...

  12. 30 CFR 75.1101-16 - Dry powder chemical systems; sensing and fire-suppression devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... sensing device installed in such system. (b) Where sensors are operated from the same power source as the belt drive, each sensor shall be equipped with a standby power source which shall be capable of remaining operative for at least 4 hours after a power cutoff. (c) Sensor systems shall include a warning...

  13. 30 CFR 75.1101-16 - Dry powder chemical systems; sensing and fire-suppression devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... sensing device installed in such system. (b) Where sensors are operated from the same power source as the belt drive, each sensor shall be equipped with a standby power source which shall be capable of remaining operative for at least 4 hours after a power cutoff. (c) Sensor systems shall include a warning...

  14. 16 CFR 305.17 - Television labeling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... this part and based on a usage rate of 5 hours in on mode and 19 hours in standby (sleep) mode per day... rate of 5 hours in on mode and 19 hours in sleep (standby) mode per day. (8) No marks or information...

  15. 16 CFR 305.17 - Television labeling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... this part and based on a usage rate of 5 hours in on mode and 19 hours in standby (sleep) mode per day... rate of 5 hours in on mode and 19 hours in sleep (standby) mode per day. (8) No marks or information...

  16. 33 CFR 143.407 - Manning.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Manning. 143.407 Section 143.407 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Standby Vessels § 143.407 Manning. Standby vessels must be crewed...

  17. 33 CFR 143.407 - Manning.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Manning. 143.407 Section 143.407 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Standby Vessels § 143.407 Manning. Standby vessels must be crewed...

  18. 33 CFR 143.407 - Manning.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Manning. 143.407 Section 143.407 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Standby Vessels § 143.407 Manning. Standby vessels must be crewed...

  19. 33 CFR 143.407 - Manning.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Manning. 143.407 Section 143.407 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Standby Vessels § 143.407 Manning. Standby vessels must be crewed...

  20. 142. STANDBY PRESSURE CONTROL UNIT FOR FUEL AND LIQUID OXYGEN ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    142. STANDBY PRESSURE CONTROL UNIT FOR FUEL AND LIQUID OXYGEN IN SOUTHWEST PORTION OF CONTROL ROOM (214), LSB (BLDG. 751), FACING WEST - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 East, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

  1. 10 CFR 950.2 - Scope and applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY STANDBY SUPPORT FOR CERTAIN NUCLEAR PLANT DELAYS General Provisions § 950.2 Scope and applicability. This part sets forth the policies and procedures for the award and administration of Standby Support Contracts between the Department and sponsors of new advanced nuclear facilities. ...

  2. 46 CFR 38.05-25 - Refrigerated systems-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... atmospheric temperature under the requirements of § 38.05-3(f) or § 38.05-4, maintenance of the tank pressure below the maximum allowable pressure shall be provided by one or more of the following means: (1) A refrigeration or liquefication system which regulates the pressure in the tanks. A standby compressor or...

  3. Emergency power for fish produced in intensive, pond-based systems

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Power failure in a heavily stocked and fed pond-based culture system can result in massive fish losses within minutes. Even in a conventional pond with a stand-by tractor powered aerator, the shock of a sudden loss of power can dramatically affect production resulting in mortalities and reduced perf...

  4. A Statistical Simulation Approach to Safe Life Fatigue Analysis of Redundant Metallic Components

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Matthews, William T.; Neal, Donald M.

    1997-01-01

    This paper introduces a dual active load path fail-safe fatigue design concept analyzed by Monte Carlo simulation. The concept utilizes the inherent fatigue life differences between selected pairs of components for an active dual path system, enhanced by a stress level bias in one component. The design is applied to a baseline design; a safe life fatigue problem studied in an American Helicopter Society (AHS) round robin. The dual active path design is compared with a two-element standby fail-safe system and the baseline design for life at specified reliability levels and weight. The sensitivity of life estimates for both the baseline and fail-safe designs was examined by considering normal and Weibull distribution laws and coefficient of variation levels. Results showed that the biased dual path system lifetimes, for both the first element failure and residual life, were much greater than for standby systems. The sensitivity of the residual life-weight relationship was not excessive at reliability levels up to R = 0.9999 and the weight penalty was small. The sensitivity of life estimates increases dramatically at higher reliability levels.

  5. Cost effectiveness of a community-based crisis intervention program for people bereaved by suicide.

    PubMed

    Comans, Tracy; Visser, Victoria; Scuffham, Paul

    2013-01-01

    Postvention services aim to ameliorate distress and reduce future incidences of suicide. The StandBy Response Service is one such service operating in Australia for those bereaved through suicide. Few previous studies have reported estimates or evaluations of the economic impact and outcomes associated with the implementation of bereavement/grief interventions. To estimate the cost-effectiveness of a postvention service from a societal perspective. A Markov model was constructed to estimate the health outcomes, quality-adjusted life years, and associated costs such as medical costs and time off work. Data were obtained from a prospective cross-sectional study comparing previous clients of the StandBy service with a control group of people bereaved by suicide who had not had contact with StandBy. Costs and outcomes were measured at 1 year after suicide bereavement and an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated. The base case found that the StandBy service dominated usual care with a cost saving from providing the StandBy service of AUS $803 and an increase in quality-adjusted life years of 0.02. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicates there is an 81% chance the service would be cost-effective given a range of possible scenarios. Postvention services are a cost-effective strategy and may even be cost-saving if all costs to society from suicide are taken into account.

  6. 33 CFR 143.407 - Manning.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Manning. 143.407 Section 143.407 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Standby Vessels § 143.407 Manning. Standby vessels must be crewed in accordance with their certificate o...

  7. ETR ELECTRICAL BUILDING, TRA648. EMERGENCY STANDBY GENERATOR AND DIESEL UNIT. ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    ETR ELECTRICAL BUILDING, TRA-648. EMERGENCY STANDBY GENERATOR AND DIESEL UNIT. METAL ROOF AND PUMICE BLOCK WALLS. CAMERA FACING SOUTHWEST. INL NEGATIVE NO. 56-3708. R.G. Larsen, Photographer, 11/13/1956 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Reactor Area, Materials & Engineering Test Reactors, Scoville, Butte County, ID

  8. North Carolina | Midmarket Solar Policies in the United States | Solar

    Science.gov Websites

    impose standby charges consistent with approved standby rates applicable to other customer-owned utilities without customer compensation. RECs: Utilities owns renewable energy certificates (RECs), unless customer chooses to net meter under a time of use tariff with demand charges. Meter aggregation: Not

  9. 5 CFR 550.707 - Computation of severance pay fund.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... pay for standby duty regularly varies throughout the year, compute the average standby duty premium...), compute the weekly average percentage, and multiply that percentage by the weekly scheduled rate of pay in... hours in a pay status (excluding overtime hours) and multiply that average by the hourly rate of basic...

  10. 40 CFR 86.1111-87 - Test procedures for PCA testing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... supply to the chemiluminescent analyzers is placed in the standby position.] (B) The manufacturer shall... manufacturer shall inspect the fuel system to insure the absence of any leaks of liquid or vapor to the atmosphere by applying a pressure of 14.5 ±0.5 inches of water to the fuel system, allowing the pressure to...

  11. 40 CFR 86.608-98 - Test procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... voltage supply to the chemiluminescent analyzers is placed in the standby position.) (B) The manufacturer... system to ensure the absence of any leaks of liquid or vapor to the atmosphere by applying a pressure of 14.5±0.5 inches of water (3.6±0.1 Kpa) to the fuel system allowing the pressure to stabilize and...

  12. Reliability computation using fault tree analysis

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Chelson, P. O.

    1971-01-01

    A method is presented for calculating event probabilities from an arbitrary fault tree. The method includes an analytical derivation of the system equation and is not a simulation program. The method can handle systems that incorporate standby redundancy and it uses conditional probabilities for computing fault trees where the same basic failure appears in more than one fault path.

  13. Development and Analysis of Models for Handling the Refrigerated Containerized Cargoes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nyrkov, A.; Pavlova, L.; Nikiforov, V.; Sokolov, S.; Budnik, V.

    2017-07-01

    This paper considers the open multi-channel queuing system, which receives irregular homogeneous or heterogeneous applications with an unlimited flow of standby time. The system is regarded as an example of a container terminal, having conditionally functional sections with a certain duty cycle, which receives an irregular, non-uniform flow of vessels with the resultant intensity.

  14. A Common DPU Platform for ESA JUICE Mission Instruments

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aberg, Martin; Hellstrom, Daniel; Samuelsson, Arne; Torelli, Felice

    2016-08-01

    This paper describes the resulting hardware and software platform based on GR712RC [1] LEON3-FT that Cobham Gaisler developed in accordance with the common system requirements of the ten scientific instruments on-board the ESA JUICE spacecraft destined the Jupiter system [8].The radiation hardened DPU platform features EDAC protected boot, application memory and working memory of configurable sizes and SpaceWire, FPGA I/O-32/16/8, GPIO, UART and SPI I/O interfaces. The design has undergone PSA, Risk, WCA, Radiation analyses etc. to justify component and design choices resulting in a robust design that can be used in spacecrafts requiring a total dose up to 100krad(Si). The prototype board manufactured uses engineering models of the flight components to ensure that development is representative.Validated boot, standby and driver software accommodates the various DPU platform configurations. The boot performs low-level DPU initialization, standby handles OBC SpaceWire communication and finally the loading and executing of application images typically stored in the non-volatile application memory.

  15. 12 CFR 960.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... LETTERS OF CREDIT § 960.1 Definitions. As used in this part: Applicant means a person or entity at whose request or for whose account a standby letter of credit is issued. Beneficiary means a person or entity who, under the terms of a standby letter of credit, is entitled to have its complying presentation...

  16. 75 FR 10318 - Briggs & Stratton Power Products Group, LLC., Home Power Division, a Subsidiary of Briggs...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-05

    ... portable generators, home stand-by generators and pressure washers. New findings show that worker... portable generators, home stand-by generators and pressure washers. The amended notice applicable to TA-W... 1974, as amended. Signed in Washington, DC, this 22nd day of February 2010. Elliott S. Kushner...

  17. 31 CFR 535.568 - Certain standby letters of credit and performance bonds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... credit and performance bonds. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, payment into a blocked... demand for payment under a standby letter of credit, it shall promptly notify the person for whose... blocked account and reimbursement therefor by the account party. (c) Where there is outstanding a demand...

  18. 76 FR 17755 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Decision and Order Granting 180-Day Extension...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-31

    ... standby mode and off mode energy consumption of those products. The petitioners demonstrated that meeting... energy consumption. 75 FR 64621. More specifically, this test procedure final rule included a standby... ae ) for gas or oil-fired furnaces or boilers and annual electric energy consumption (E e ) for...

  19. [The factors related to job satisfaction and professional burnout in the primary care physicians of Asturias].

    PubMed

    Olivar Castrillón, C; González Morán, S; Martínez Suárez, M M

    1999-10-15

    To determine the level of work satisfaction and professional wear and tear among primary care doctors, and related factors. Crossover descriptive study. Asturias PC. General doctors (GD), family doctors (FD), residents, and PC paediatricians (n = 810). A survey for self-administration with social and demographic variables and suggestions. The Font Roja-PC questionnaire (FR). The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). 497 (55.6% male) responded (61.35%). Mean age was 41 (SD = 7.18) 57.3% worked in an urban environment. 42% were FD, 35% GD, 15% paediatricians, 7% residents. The PC model was: 84% PC teams, 9% traditional model, 7% normal emergency service (NES). Mean seniority was 14 years (SD = 7.5). 89% worked solely in PC. 59% had a permanent contract, 31% provisional contracts, 7% were residents and 3% temporary. Overall mean satisfaction (OMS): 73.73 points. 43% had high professional wear and tear, 23% moderate and 32% low. Statistically significant associations: OMS/social and demographic variables: greater in men, the rural environment, paediatrics, NES, without stand-by, with less bureaucracy and less case pressure. Satisfaction/FR: greater NES, without stand-by, without sole dedication. Case pressure/FR: greater in men, rural environment, paediatrics, without sole dedication, NES, without stand-by and with less demand. Control/FR: greater in permanent and provisional posts. Relationship/FR: greater in men, FD, without stand-by. Suitability/FR: greater in men, paediatricians, permanent doctors, without stand-by. Relaxation/FR: greater in residents, young people, without sole dedication, NES. Variety/FR: greater in young people, those without children, residents, with sole dedication, those with stand-by. MBI/social and demographic variables: greater level of low emotional tiredness in workers in a rural environment and those with children. Greater low level of alienation in women. The older the doctor, the less the professional burnout. 1. High level of work satisfaction. 2. High-moderate professional wear and tear.

  20. 14 CFR 171.49 - Installation requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... power, either from a power distribution system or locally generated. A determination by the Administrator as to whether a facility will be required to have stand-by power for the localizer, glide slope and monitor accessories to supplement the primary power, will be made for each airport based upon...

  1. 14 CFR 171.49 - Installation requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... power, either from a power distribution system or locally generated. A determination by the Administrator as to whether a facility will be required to have stand-by power for the localizer, glide slope and monitor accessories to supplement the primary power, will be made for each airport based upon...

  2. 14 CFR 171.49 - Installation requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... power, either from a power distribution system or locally generated. A determination by the Administrator as to whether a facility will be required to have stand-by power for the localizer, glide slope and monitor accessories to supplement the primary power, will be made for each airport based upon...

  3. 20 CFR 332.7 - Consideration of evidence.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... INSURANCE ACT MILEAGE OR WORK RESTRICTIONS AND STAND-BY OR LAY-OVER RULES § 332.7 Consideration of evidence... as to lay-over or stand-by status as may be necessary for the determination of his claim. An employee's statement in connection with his claim that he was not out of service because of a lay-over or...

  4. 30 CFR 23.7 - Specific requirements for approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS TELEPHONES AND SIGNALING DEVICES § 23.7 Specific requirements for... apply. (g) Line powered telephones and signaling devices or systems shall be equipped with standby power... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Specific requirements for approval. 23.7...

  5. 30 CFR 23.7 - Specific requirements for approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS TELEPHONES AND SIGNALING DEVICES § 23.7 Specific requirements for... apply. (g) Line powered telephones and signaling devices or systems shall be equipped with standby power... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Specific requirements for approval. 23.7...

  6. 30 CFR 23.7 - Specific requirements for approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS TELEPHONES AND SIGNALING DEVICES § 23.7 Specific requirements for... apply. (g) Line powered telephones and signaling devices or systems shall be equipped with standby power... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Specific requirements for approval. 23.7...

  7. 14 CFR 171.113 - Installation requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... facilities. (c) The facility must have a reliable source of suitable primary power, either from a power distribution system or locally generated. Also, adequate power capacity must be provided for operation of test... a facility will be required to have standby power for the SDF and monitor accessories to supplement...

  8. 14 CFR 171.113 - Installation requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... facilities. (c) The facility must have a reliable source of suitable primary power, either from a power distribution system or locally generated. Also, adequate power capacity must be provided for operation of test... a facility will be required to have standby power for the SDF and monitor accessories to supplement...

  9. 14 CFR 171.113 - Installation requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... facilities. (c) The facility must have a reliable source of suitable primary power, either from a power distribution system or locally generated. Also, adequate power capacity must be provided for operation of test... a facility will be required to have standby power for the SDF and monitor accessories to supplement...

  10. 77 FR 75402 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-20

    ... ``BAT'' position, isolating the battery and standby buses, disabling the battery charger, and eventually causing the main battery to be depleted. This proposed AD would require doing wiring changes and installing a new air/ground relay to the battery charger system. We are proposing this AD to prevent...

  11. 78 FR 72564 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-03

    ... switch to the ``BAT'' position, isolating the battery and standby buses, disabling the battery charger, and eventually causing the main battery to be depleted. This AD requires doing wiring changes and installing a new air/ground relay to the battery charger system. We are issuing this AD to prevent discharge...

  12. Reliability and mass analysis of dynamic power conversion systems with parallel of standby redundancy

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Juhasz, A. J.; Bloomfield, H. S.

    1985-01-01

    A combinatorial reliability approach is used to identify potential dynamic power conversion systems for space mission applications. A reliability and mass analysis is also performed, specifically for a 100 kWe nuclear Brayton power conversion system with parallel redundancy. Although this study is done for a reactor outlet temperature of 1100K, preliminary system mass estimates are also included for reactor outlet temperatures ranging up to 1500 K.

  13. State-of-the-Art Assessment of Testing and Testability of Custom LSI/VLSI Circuits. Volume VI. Redundancy, Testing Circuits, and Codes.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-10-01

    e.g., providing voters in TMR systems and detection-switching requirements in standby-sparing sys- tems. The application of mathematical thoery of...and time redundancy required for error detection and correction, are interrelated. Mathematical modeling, when applied to fault tolerant systems, can...9 1.1 Some Fundamental Principles............................. 11 1.2 Mathematical Theory of

  14. Integrated Inverter And Battery Charger

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rippel, Wally E.

    1988-01-01

    Circuit combines functions of dc-to-ac inversion (for driving ac motor in battery-powered vehicle) and ac-to-dc conversion (for charging battery from ac line when vehicle not in use). Automatically adapts to either mode. Design of integrated inverter/charger eliminates need for duplicate components, saves space, reduces weight and cost of vehicle. Advantages in other applications : load-leveling systems, standby ac power systems, and uninterruptible power supplies.

  15. Improving magnetic properties of MgB2 bulk superconductors by synthetic engine oil treatment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Taylan Koparan, E.; Savaskan, B.; Yanmaz, E.

    2016-08-01

    The present study focuses on the effects of standby time of the MgB2 samples immersed in synthetic engine oil on the critical current density (Jc(H)), magnetic field dependence of the pinning force density fp(b) and Tc performances of MgB2 bulk superconductors. Synthetic engine oil was used as a product which is cheap and a rich carbon source. Manufactured MgB2 pellet samples were immersed at different standby time of 30 min, 120 min, 300 min and 1440 min in synthetic engine oil after the first heating process. Finally, MgB2 samples immersed in synthetic engine oil were sintered at 1000 °C and kept for 15 min in Ar atmosphere. The critical current density of all of MgB2 samples immersed at different standby time in engine oil in whole field range was better than that of the pure MgB2 sample because of the number of the pinning centers. The MgB2 sample immersed at 300 min standby time in synthetic engine oil has the best performance compared to other samples. The Jc value for the pure sample is 2.0 × 103 A/cm2, whereas for the MgB2 sample immersed at 300 min standby time in engine oil the Jc is enhanced to 4.8 × 103A/cm2 at 5 K and 3 T. The superconducting transition temperature (Tc) did not change with the increasing standby time of the samples in synthetic engine oil at all. The best diamagnetic property was obtained from the sample which kept in synthetic engine oil for 300 min. Synthetic engine oil treatment results in remarkable improvement of the critical current density and pinning force performances of MgB2 superconductors. It was found that all MgB2 samples have a different pinning property at different measuring temperatures. Using synthetic engine oil as a product which is cheap and a rich carbon source in MgB2 bulk superconductors makes MgB2 samples immersed in synthetic engine oil a good candidate for industrial applications.

  16. Design of Training Systems. Computerization of the Educational Technology Assessment Model (ETAM). Volume 2

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1977-05-01

    444 EN 2 31043 TEST UNIT INJECTORS AND/OR FUEL INJECTION NOZZLES 445 EN 2 31044 MAINTENANCE OF FUEL OIL INJECTORS 446 EN 2 31049 PREVENTION OF...OPERATIONAL MAINTENANCE OF DIESEL ENGINES OPERATE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES JACKING GEAR ON INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES CARRYOUT TURNING OVER OF MAIN...ENGINES ALIGN LUBRICATING OIL SYSTEM USE OF STANDBY LUBRICATING OIL PUMPS PURGE DIESEL ENGINE FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM ENTRIES TO MAIN PROPULSION

  17. Enhanced Component Performance Study: Motor-Driven Pumps 1998–2014

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Schroeder, John Alton

    2016-02-01

    This report presents an enhanced performance evaluation of motor-driven pumps at U.S. commercial nuclear power plants. The data used in this study are based on the operating experience failure reports from fiscal year 1998 through 2014 for the component reliability as reported in the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO) Consolidated Events Database (ICES). The motor-driven pump failure modes considered for standby systems are failure to start, failure to run less than or equal to one hour, and failure to run more than one hour; for normally running systems, the failure modes considered are failure to start and failure tomore » run. An eight hour unreliability estimate is also calculated and trended. The component reliability estimates and the reliability data are trended for the most recent 10-year period while yearly estimates for reliability are provided for the entire active period. Statistically significant increasing trends were identified in pump run hours per reactor year. Statistically significant decreasing trends were identified for standby systems industry-wide frequency of start demands, and run hours per reactor year for runs of less than or equal to one hour.« less

  18. 10 CFR 434.404 - Building service systems and equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... ratio Btuh/gal Test Method a Energy factor Thermal efficiency Et% Standby loss %/HR NAECA all electric... Loss. (a) When testing an electric storage water heater, the procedures of Z21.10.3-1990 (RS-39... manufacturer with smoke no greater than 1 and the fuel pump pressure within ±1% of the manufacturer's...

  19. 10 CFR 434.404 - Building service systems and equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... ratio Btuh/gal Test Method a Energy factor Thermal efficiency Et% Standby loss %/HR NAECA all electric... Loss. (a) When testing an electric storage water heater, the procedures of Z21.10.3-1990 (RS-39... manufacturer with smoke no greater than 1 and the fuel pump pressure within ±1% of the manufacturer's...

  20. 10 CFR 434.404 - Building service systems and equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... ratio Btuh/gal Test Method a Energy factor Thermal efficiency Et% Standby loss %/HR NAECA all electric... Loss. (a) When testing an electric storage water heater, the procedures of Z21.10.3-1990 (RS-39... manufacturer with smoke no greater than 1 and the fuel pump pressure within ±1% of the manufacturer's...

  1. 10 CFR 434.404 - Building service systems and equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... ratio Btuh/gal Test Method a Energy factor Thermal efficiency Et% Standby loss %/HR NAECA all electric... Loss. (a) When testing an electric storage water heater, the procedures of Z21.10.3-1990 (RS-39... manufacturer with smoke no greater than 1 and the fuel pump pressure within ±1% of the manufacturer's...

  2. Reference News Release:Southern Coal Corporation to Make System-Wide Upgrades to Reduce Water Pollution from Mining Operations in Appalachia

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The settlement also requires the establishment of a $4.5 million letter of credit and a standby trust that will guarantee sufficient funding for, and a mechanism to accomplish, compliance with the Clean Water Act and the work the companies.

  3. Energy use of set-top boxes and telephony products in the U.S.

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Rosen, Karen B.; Meier, Alan K.; Zandelin, Stefan

    2001-06-01

    The goal of this investigation was to estimate the 1999 energy consumption of set-top boxes and telephony products in the U.S. residential sector. Results of this study will be used to identify new energy conservation opportunities and to align programs with those opportunities. We conducted a bottom-up analysis for set-top boxes and telephony products using our own power measurements and stock and usage estimates from secondary sources. The most common set-top boxes in U.S. homes in 1999 were analog cable boxes, digital cable boxes, wireless receivers, and game consoles. According to these measurements, analog cable boxes and wireless receivers drawmore » between 10 and 15 watts, while digital cable boxes draw between 20 and 25 watts in both the Active and Standby modes. Video games used less than 2 watts in Standby mode, and about 8 watts when Active. We estimate that set-top boxes accounted for 0.7% of residential electricity use in 1999. Our investigation of telephony products included answering machines, cordless phones, cordless phone answering machine combination units, and mobile phone chargers. Answering machines, cordless phones, and combination units use between 2 and 3 watts in both the Active and Standby modes. Mobile phone chargers use about 1 watt in standby. We estimate that these telephony products account for 0.5% of U.S. residential electricity consumption. Together, set-tops and telephony constituted 1.2% of U.S. residential electricity consumption in 1999. Standby power use accounted for about 60% of this energy use. The combined total energy use of the products investigated for this study and those researched previously for this series of reports account for about 6.6% of residential electricity use in the U.S.« less

  4. STANDBY TOP AND BOTTOM ROTARY MILLING CUTTERS FOR TORIN LINE. ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    STANDBY TOP AND BOTTOM ROTARY MILLING CUTTERS FOR TORIN LINE. SOME PRODUCT FROM THE #43 HOT ROLL IS PROCESSED ON THE TORIN LINE TO REMOVE OXIDIZED SURFACE MATERIAL. IN PRACTICE 15-20/1000 IS CUT FROM THE UPPER AND LOWER SURFACES OF THE STRIP AND RECYCLED TO THE CASTING SHOP. TORIN LINE ADDED AS PART OF 1981 EXPANSION PROGRAM. - American Brass Foundry, 70 Sayre Street, Buffalo, Erie County, NY

  5. Audio-visual distraction as an adjunct to standby anaesthesia in persons with paraplegia: a case series of five operations.

    PubMed

    Ayub, Khurram; Corrigan, Ruth A; Misra, Jyoti; Galitzine, Svetlana

    2018-01-01

    Persons with paraplegia present complex challenges to anaesthetists. Complications experienced by these patients can require major orthoplastic surgery such as excision of infected bone and soft tissue due to pressure sores and soft tissue reconstruction. Anaesthetic strategies deemed both safe and acceptable to this population are essential. We report a case series of five procedures in four patients with complete chronic spinal cord injury (CSCI) who underwent operations in lateral position under standby anaesthesia and audio-visual distraction (AVD) with minimal sedation. Patients' experience was formally assessed as part of the ongoing AVD service evaluation in our institution. All stated that they were not concerned in the operating theatre and felt "comfortable" or "very comfortable" throughout. All patients rated the experience as "better" than their previous experience with general anaesthesia and felt "very satisfied" with their anaesthetic. Importantly, all patients would recommend sedation with AVD to other patients. To our knowledge, this is the first report of AVD application as an adjunct to standby anaesthesia during major surgery in persons with paraplegia. Patient feedback was extremely positive, therefore it is likely that by making standby anaesthesia more acceptable to patients the use of AVD could reduce anaesthetic risk in this complex patient group.

  6. Study of alternate methods of disposal of propellants and gases at KSC

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Moore, W. I.

    1970-01-01

    A comprehensive study was conducted at KSC launch support facilities to determine the nature and extent of potential hazards from propellant and gas releases to the environment. The results of the study, alternate methods for reducing or eliminating the hazards, and recommendations pertaining to these alternatives are presented. The operational modes of the propellant or hazardous gas systems considered include: system charging, system standby, system operation, and post-test operations. The results are outlined on an area-by-area basis.

  7. Fiber optically isolated and remotely stabilized data transmission system

    DOEpatents

    Nelson, Melvin A.

    1992-01-01

    A fiber optically isolated and remotely stabilized data transmission system s described wherein optical data may be transmitted over an optical data fiber from a remote source which includes a data transmitter and a power supply at the remote source. The transmitter may be remotely calibrated and stabilized via an optical control fiber, and the power source may be remotely cycled between duty and standby modes via an optical control fiber.

  8. Fiber optically isolated and remotely stabilized data transmission system

    DOEpatents

    Nelson, M.A.

    1992-11-10

    A fiber optically isolated and remotely stabilized data transmission systems described wherein optical data may be transmitted over an optical data fiber from a remote source which includes a data transmitter and a power supply at the remote source. The transmitter may be remotely calibrated and stabilized via an optical control fiber, and the power source may be remotely cycled between duty and standby modes via an optical control fiber. 3 figs.

  9. Validation Data for Mechanical System Algorithms Used in Building Energy Analysis Programs.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-02-01

    15 Zone Design 15 Built-Up Air Handler 15 Ventilation Requirements 16 The DES 16 Duct Design 17 Air -Delivery System 17 VAV Operation 17 Constant Volume...observed to operate well at reduced air flows, even at low flow in the so- called surge region. Recommendations 1. The HVAC system and component...With Inlet Guide Vanes Operating Within a Built-Up Air Handler 31 Test 2 -- Boiler Operation, Capacity, Efficiency, and Stand-By Losses 32 Test 3

  10. Necessity of creating digital tools to ensure efficiency of technical means

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rakov, V. I.; Zakharova, O. V.

    2018-05-01

    The authors estimated the problems of functioning of technical objects. The article notes that the increasing complexity of automation systems may lead to an increase of the redundant resource in proportion to the number of components and relationships in the system, and to the need of the redundant resource constant change that can make implementation of traditional structures with redundancy unnecessarily costly (Standby System, Fault Tolerance, High Availability). It proposes the idea of creating digital tools to ensure efficiency of technical facilities.

  11. 10-MWe solar-thermal central-receiver pilot plant. Operating and maintenance manual

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1979-08-01

    Information required to perform the initial program loading and operation of the Heliostat Array Controller (HAC) is provided. Operating activities are described as required for heliostat control. All computer console command steps, from power up to power down are described. Detailed steps are provided to wake up the system and direct heliostat beams to standby, on target, standby to stow and power down. Maintenance requirements (preventive and corrective), reparability (reparable - non-reparable decisions), spares identification, spares storage location, replacement levels, replacement location and repair location are established. Individual system breakdown block diagrams are provided for each system/assembly/subassembly. Maintenance and repairmore » description sheets are provided for each maintenance significant item. The manual provides support of the following equipment: (a) helostat assembly; (b) heliostat control assembly; and (c) maintenance and installation equipment. The safety requirements for the operating and maintenance functions are established. These procedures will assist in eliminating or controlling the accident potentials caused by human error, environment, or component malfunctions or interactions that could result in major injury or fatality to operating or visiting personnel, or damage to subsystem components or support equipment. These procedures are for normal and test operating conditions and emergency situations, and apply to all Martin Marietta Corporation, governmental, operating and visitor personnel. (LEW)« less

  12. Recommendations for malaria prevention in moderate to low risk areas: travellers' choice and risk perception.

    PubMed

    Voumard, Rachel; Berthod, Delphine; Rambaud-Althaus, Clotilde; D'Acremont, Valérie; Genton, Blaise

    2015-04-01

    The considerable malaria decline in several countries challenges the strategy of chemoprophylaxis for travellers visiting moderate- to low-risk areas. An international consensus on the best strategy is lacking. It is essential to include travellers' opinions in the decision process. The preference of travellers regarding malaria prevention for moderate- to low-risk areas, related to their risk perception, as well as the reasons for their choices were investigated. Prior to pre-travel consultation in the Travel Clinic, a self-administered questionnaire was given to travellers visiting moderate- to low-risk malaria areas. Four preventive options were proposed to the traveller, i.e., bite prevention only, chemoprophylaxis, stand-by emergency treatment alone, and stand-by emergency treatment with rapid diagnostic test. The information was accompanied by a risk scale for incidence of malaria, anti-malarial adverse drug reactions and other travel-related risks, inspired by Paling palettes from the Risk Communication Institute. A total of 391 travellers were included from December 2012 to December 2013. Fifty-nine (15%) opted for chemoprophylaxis, 116 (30%) for stand-by emergency treatment, 112 (29%) for stand-by emergency treatment with rapid diagnostic test, 100 (26%) for bite prevention only, and four (1%) for other choices. Travellers choosing chemoprophylaxis justified their choice for security reasons (42%), better preventive action (29%), higher efficacy (15%) and easiness (15%). The reasons for choosing stand-by treatment or bite prevention only were less medication consumed (29%), less adverse drug reactions (23%) and lower price (9%). Those who chose chemoprophylaxis were more likely to have used it in the past (OR = 3.0 (CI 1.7-5.44)), but were not different in terms of demographic, travel characteristics or risk behaviour. When travelling to moderate- to low-risk malaria areas, 85% of interviewees chose not to take chemoprophylaxis as malaria prevention, although most guidelines recommend it. They had coherent reasons for their choice. New recommendations should include shared decision-making to take into account travellers' preferences.

  13. Estimates of ground-water pumpage from the Yakima River Basin aquifer system, Washington, 1960-2000

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Vaccaro, J.J.; Sumioka, S.S.

    2006-01-01

    Ground-water pumpage in the Yakima River Basin, Washington, was estimated for eight categories of use for 1960-2000 as part of an investigation to assess groundwater availability in the basin. Methods used, pumpage estimates, reliability of the estimates, and a comparison with appropriated quantities are described. The eight categories of pumpage were public water supply, self-supplied domestic (exempt wells), irrigation, frost protection, livestock and dairy operations, industrial and commercial, fish and wildlife propagation, and ground-water claims. Pumpage estimates were based on methods that varied by the category and primarily represent pumpage for groundwater rights. Washington State Department of Ecology’s digital database has 2,874 active ground-water rights in the basin that can withdraw an annual quantity of about 529,231 acre-feet during dry years. Irrigation rights are for irrigation of about 129,570 acres. All but 220 of the rights were associated with well drillers’ logs, allowing for a spatial representation of the pumpage. Five-hundred and sixty of the irrigation rights were estimated to be standby/reserve rights. During this study, another 30 rights were identified that were not in the digital database. These rights can withdraw an annual quantity of about 20,969 acre-feet; about 6,700 acre-feet of these rights are near but outside the basin. In 1960, total annual pumpage in the basin, excluding standby/reserve pumpage, was about 115,776 acre-feet. By 2000, total annual pumpage was estimated to be 395,096 acre-feet, and excluding the standby/reserve rights, the total was 312,284 acre-feet. Irrigation accounts for about 60 percent of the pumpage, followed by public water supply at about 12 percent. The smallest category of pumpage was for livestock use with pumpage estimated to be 6,726 acre-feet. Total annual pumpage in 2000 was about 430 cubic feet per second, which is about 11 percent of the surface-water demand. Maximum pumpage is in July and August and during 2000, was about 100 cubic feet per second each month averaged over the Yakima River Basin aquifer system. During 2000, non-standby/reserve pumpage associated with ground-water rights was estimated to total 253,454 acre-feet, or about 198,290 acre-feet less than the appropriated quantity. The unused part of the appropriated value is about equivalent to the irrigation pumpage for primary rights.

  14. The Implementation of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) Norms by the African Standby Force in Sub-Saharan Africa

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2017-06-09

    S) Major Augustin Hodali 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES...support of many individuals and organizations . First, I am whole-heartedly thankful to the Rwandan Government and particularly the Rwanda Defense Forces...African Standby Force AU African Union DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo MONUSCO United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic

  15. Interpretation of energy deposition data from historical operation of the transient test facility (TREAT)

    DOE PAGES

    DeHart, Mark D.; Baker, Benjamin A.; Ortensi, Javier

    2017-07-27

    The Transient Test Reactor (TREAT) at Idaho National Laboratory will resume operations in late 2017 after a 23 year hiatus while maintained in a cold standby state. Over that time period, computational power and simulation capabilities have increased substantially and now allow for new multiphysics modeling possibilities that were not practical or feasible for most of TREAT's operational history. Hence the return of TREAT to operational service provides a unique opportunity to apply state-of-the-art software and associated methods in the modeling and simulation of general three-dimensional steady state and kinetic behavior for reactor operation, and for coupling of the coremore » power transient model to experiment simulations. However, measurements taken in previous operations were intended to predict power deposition in experimental samples, with little consideration of three-dimensional core power distributions. Hence, interpretation of data for the purpose of validation of modern methods can be challenging. For the research discussed herein, efforts are described for the process of proper interpretation of data from the most recent calibration experiments performed in the core, the M8 calibration series (M8-CAL). These measurements were taken between 1990 and 1993 using a set of fission wires and test fuel pins to estimate the power deposition that would be produced in fast reactor test fuel pins during the M8 experiment series. Because of the decision to place TREAT into a standby state in 1994, the M8 series of transients were never performed. However, potentially valuable information relevant for validation is available in the M8-CAL measurement data, if properly interpreted. This article describes the current state of the process of recovery of useful data from M8-CAL measurements and quantification of biases and uncertainties to potentially apply to the validation of multiphysics methods.« less

  16. Interpretation of energy deposition data from historical operation of the transient test facility (TREAT)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    DeHart, Mark D.; Baker, Benjamin A.; Ortensi, Javier

    The Transient Test Reactor (TREAT) at Idaho National Laboratory will resume operations in late 2017 after a 23 year hiatus while maintained in a cold standby state. Over that time period, computational power and simulation capabilities have increased substantially and now allow for new multiphysics modeling possibilities that were not practical or feasible for most of TREAT's operational history. Hence the return of TREAT to operational service provides a unique opportunity to apply state-of-the-art software and associated methods in the modeling and simulation of general three-dimensional steady state and kinetic behavior for reactor operation, and for coupling of the coremore » power transient model to experiment simulations. However, measurements taken in previous operations were intended to predict power deposition in experimental samples, with little consideration of three-dimensional core power distributions. Hence, interpretation of data for the purpose of validation of modern methods can be challenging. For the research discussed herein, efforts are described for the process of proper interpretation of data from the most recent calibration experiments performed in the core, the M8 calibration series (M8-CAL). These measurements were taken between 1990 and 1993 using a set of fission wires and test fuel pins to estimate the power deposition that would be produced in fast reactor test fuel pins during the M8 experiment series. Because of the decision to place TREAT into a standby state in 1994, the M8 series of transients were never performed. However, potentially valuable information relevant for validation is available in the M8-CAL measurement data, if properly interpreted. This article describes the current state of the process of recovery of useful data from M8-CAL measurements and quantification of biases and uncertainties to potentially apply to the validation of multiphysics methods.« less

  17. Evaluation of Heliostat Standby Aiming Strategies to Reduce Avian Flux Hazards and Impacts on Operational Performance

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wendelin, Timothy J; Ho, Clifford K.; Horstman, Luke

    This paper presents a study of alternative heliostat standby aiming strategies and their impact on avian flux hazards and operational performance of a concentrating solar power plant. A mathematical model was developed that predicts the bird-feather temperature as a function of solar irradiance, thermal emittance, convection, and thermal properties of the feather. The irradiance distribution in the airspace above the Ivanpah Unit 2 heliostat field was simulated using a ray-trace model for two different times of the day, four days of the year, and nine different standby aiming strategies. The impact of the alternative aiming strategies on operational performance wasmore » assessed by comparing the heliostat slew times from standby position to the receiver for the different aiming strategies. Increased slew times increased a proxy start-up time that reduced the simulated annual energy production. Results showed that spreading the radial aim points around the receiver to a distance of ~150 m or greater reduced the hazardous exposure times that the feather temperature exceeded the hazard metric of 160 degrees C. The hazardous exposure times were reduced by ~23% and 90% at a radial spread of aim points extending to 150 m and 250 m, respectively, but the simulated annual energy production decreased as a result of increased slew times. Single point-focus aiming strategies were also evaluated, but these strategies increased the exposure hazard relative to other aiming strategies.« less

  18. Evaluating reliability of WSN with sleep/wake-up interfering nodes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Distefano, Salvatore

    2013-10-01

    A wireless sensor network (WSN) (singular and plural of acronyms are spelled the same) is a distributed system composed of autonomous sensor nodes wireless connected and randomly scattered into a geographical area to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions. Adequate techniques and strategies are required to manage a WSN so that it works properly, observing specific quantities and metrics to evaluate the WSN operational conditions. Among them, one of the most important is the reliability. Considering a WSN as a system composed of sensor nodes the system reliability approach can be applied, thus expressing the WSN reliability in terms of its nodes' reliability. More specifically, since often standby power management policies are applied at node level and interferences among nodes may arise, a WSN can be considered as a dynamic system. In this article we therefore consider the WSN reliability evaluation problem from the dynamic system reliability perspective. Static-structural interactions are specified by the WSN topology. Sleep/wake-up standby policies and interferences due to wireless communications can be instead considered as dynamic aspects. Thus, in order to represent and to evaluate the WSN reliability, we use dynamic reliability block diagrams and Petri nets. The proposed technique allows to overcome the limits of Markov models when considering non-linear discharge processes, since they cannot adequately represent the aging processes. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique, we investigate some specific WSN network topologies, providing guidelines for their representation and evaluation.

  19. Solar hot water system installed at Day's Inn Motel, Dallas, Texas (Valley View)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1980-01-01

    The solar system was designed to provide 65 percent of the total domestic hot water (DHW) demand. A liquid (water) flat plate collector (1,000 square feet) system automatically drains into the 1,000 gallon steel storage tank when the solar pump is not running. Heat is transferred from the DHW tanks through a shell and tube heat exchanger. A circulating pump between the DHW tanks and heat exchanger enables solar heated water to help make up standby losses. All pumps are controlled by differential temperature controllers.

  20. Solar hot water system installed at Days Inn Motel, Jacksonville, Florida

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1980-01-01

    The solar system was designed to provide 65 percent of the hot water demand. Water in the liquid flat plate collector (900 square feet) system automatically drains into the 1000 gallon lined and vented steel storage tank when the pump is not running. Heat is transferred from storage to Domestic Hot Water (DHW) tanks through a tube and shell heat exchanger. A circulating pump between the DHW tanks and heat exchanger enables solar heated water to help make up DHW standby losses. All pumps are controlled by differential temperature.

  1. Standby cooling system for a fluidized bed boiler

    DOEpatents

    Crispin, Larry G.; Weitzel, Paul S.

    1990-01-01

    A system for protecting components including the heat exchangers of a fluidized bed boiler against thermal mismatch. The system includes an injection tank containing an emergency supply of heated and pressurized feedwater. A heater is associated with the injection tank to maintain the temperature of the feedwater in the tank at or about the same temperature as that of the feedwater in the heat exchangers. A pressurized gas is supplied to the injection tank to cause feedwater to flow from the injection tank to the heat exchangers during thermal mismatch.

  2. Optimum spaceborne computer system design by simulation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Williams, T.; Weatherbee, J. E.; Taylor, D. S.

    1972-01-01

    A deterministic digital simulation model is described which models the Automatically Reconfigurable Modular Multiprocessor System (ARMMS), a candidate computer system for future manned and unmanned space missions. Use of the model as a tool in configuring a minimum computer system for a typical mission is demonstrated. The configuration which is developed as a result of studies with the simulator is optimal with respect to the efficient use of computer system resources, i.e., the configuration derived is a minimal one. Other considerations such as increased reliability through the use of standby spares would be taken into account in the definition of a practical system for a given mission.

  3. An Energy-Efficient ASIC for Wireless Body Sensor Networks in Medical Applications.

    PubMed

    Xiaoyu Zhang; Hanjun Jiang; Lingwei Zhang; Chun Zhang; Zhihua Wang; Xinkai Chen

    2010-02-01

    An energy-efficient application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) featured with a work-on-demand protocol is designed for wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs) in medical applications. Dedicated for ultra-low-power wireless sensor nodes, the ASIC consists of a low-power microcontroller unit (MCU), a power-management unit (PMU), reconfigurable sensor interfaces, communication ports controlling a wireless transceiver, and an integrated passive radio-frequency (RF) receiver with energy harvesting ability. The MCU, together with the PMU, provides quite flexible communication and power-control modes for energy-efficient operations. The always-on passive RF receiver with an RF energy harvesting block offers the sensor nodes the capability of work-on-demand with zero standby power. Fabricated in standard 0.18-¿m complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology, the ASIC occupies a die area of 2 mm × 2.5 mm. A wireless body sensor network sensor-node prototype using this ASIC only consumes < 10-nA current under the passive standby mode, and < 10 ¿A under the active standby mode, when supplied by a 3-V battery.

  4. Single-Event Effect Performance of a Conductive-Bridge Memory EEPROM

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Chen, Dakai; Wilcox, Edward; Berg, Melanie; Kim, Hak; Phan, Anthony; Figueiredo, Marco; Seidleck, Christina; LaBel, Kenneth

    2015-01-01

    We investigated the heavy ion single-event effect (SEE) susceptibility of the industry’s first stand-alone memory based on conductive-bridge memory (CBRAM) technology. The device is available as an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM). We found that single-event functional interrupt (SEFI) is the dominant SEE type for each operational mode (standby, dynamic read, and dynamic write/read). SEFIs occurred even while the device is statically biased in standby mode. Worst case SEFIs resulted in errors that filled the entire memory space. Power cycle did not always clear the errors. Thus the corrupted cells had to be reprogrammed in some cases. The device is also vulnerable to bit upsets during dynamic write/read tests, although the frequency of the upsets are relatively low. The linear energy transfer threshold for cell upset is between 10 and 20 megaelectron volts per square centimeter per milligram, with an upper limit cross section of 1.6 times 10(sup -11) square centimeters per bit (95 percent confidence level) at 10 megaelectronvolts per square centimeter per milligram. In standby mode, the CBRAM array appears invulnerable to bit upsets.

  5. 77 FR 28805 - Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Microwave Ovens

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-16

    ...On November 23, 2011, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) issued a supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking (SNOPR) to amend the test procedures for microwave ovens. That SNOPR proposed amendments to the DOE test procedure to incorporate provisions from the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard 62301, ``Household electrical appliances--Measurement of standby power,'' Edition 2.0 2011-01 (IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition)). Today's SNOPR proposes additional provisions for measuring the standby mode and off mode energy use of products that combine a microwave oven with other appliance functionality, as well as minor technical clarifications.

  6. Solar hot water system installed at Days Inn Motel, Dallas, Texas (Forrest Lane)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1980-01-01

    The solar system was designed to provide 65 percent of the total Domestic Hot Water (DHW) demand. The liquid flat plate (water) collector (1,000 square feet) system automatically drains into the 1,000 gallon steel storage tank located in the mechanical room when the pump is not running. Heat is transferred from the storage tank to DHW tanks through a tube and shell heat exchanger. A circulating pump between the DHW tanks and the heat exchanger enables solar heated water to help make DHW tank standby losses. All pumps are controlled by differential temperature.

  7. Helicopter Display Improvement Study

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1975-05-01

    PRESSURE INDICATOR 43 TURN A N D SLIP INDICATOR 21 ENGINE AND SDG OIL IN TEMPERATURE INDICATOR 44 COURSE INDICATOR 22 RADIO MAGNETIC COMPASS INDICATOR... compass seemed to present a problem to several H-l series pilots In that It was poorly located and should be moved. Possible locations Included...the UH-lNs standby compass . Both H/L and L/L pilots agreed that internal, white light was the best system currently in use. INDIVIDUAL DISPLAYS

  8. Design of on-board Bluetooth wireless network system based on fault-tolerant technology

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    You, Zheng; Zhang, Xiangqi; Yu, Shijie; Tian, Hexiang

    2007-11-01

    In this paper, the Bluetooth wireless data transmission technology is applied in on-board computer system, to realize wireless data transmission between peripherals of the micro-satellite integrating electronic system, and in view of the high demand of reliability of a micro-satellite, a design of Bluetooth wireless network based on fault-tolerant technology is introduced. The reliability of two fault-tolerant systems is estimated firstly using Markov model, then the structural design of this fault-tolerant system is introduced; several protocols are established to make the system operate correctly, some related problems are listed and analyzed, with emphasis on Fault Auto-diagnosis System, Active-standby switch design and Data-Integrity process.

  9. Military helicopter cockpit modernization

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hall, Andrew S.

    2001-09-01

    This paper describes some of the initiatives being progressed by Smiths Aerospace to enhance the operational effectiveness of military helicopters, with particular emphasis on the GWHL Lynx and EH Industries EH101 programs. The areas discussed include engine instrumentation, flight instrumentation and the mission system displays. Various Crew Stations are described which provide a suite of AMLCD displays which: -Integrate information from the aircraft engine, electrical power and hydraulic systems onto 5ATI displays -Integrate primary flight, navigation and mission system sensor information onto large area (61/4' square or 6' by 8') displays -Provide standby attitude and air data information in the event of major system failure on 3ATI displays.

  10. Evaluation of glare at the Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System

    DOE PAGES

    Ho, C. K.; Sims, C. A.; Christian, J. M.

    2015-06-05

    The Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System (ISEGS), located on I-15 about 40 miles (60 km) south of Las Vegas, NV, consists of three power towers 459 ft (140 m) tall and over 170,000 reflective heliostats with a rated capacity of 390 MW. In addition, reports of glare from the plant have been submitted by pilots and air traffic controllers and recorded by the Aviation Safety Reporting System and the California Energy Commission since 2013. Aerial and ground-based surveys of the glare were conducted in April, 2014, to identify the cause and to quantify the irradiance and potential ocular impacts ofmore » the glare. Results showed that the intense glare viewed from the airspace above ISEGS was caused by heliostats in standby mode that were aimed to the side of the receiver. Evaluation of the glare showed that the retinal irradiance and subtended source angle of the glare from the heliostats in standby were sufficient to cause significant ocular impact (potential for after-image) up to a distance of ~6 miles (10 km), but the values were below the threshold for permanent eye damage. Glare from the receivers had a low potential for after-image at all ground-based monitoring locations outside of the site boundaries. A Letter to Airmen has been issued by the Federal Aviation Administration to notify pilots of the potential glare hazards. Additional measures to mitigate the potential impacts of glare from ISGES are also presented and discussed.« less

  11. Heterogeneous VM Replication: A New Approach to Intrusion Detection, Active Response and Recovery in Cloud Data Centers

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-08-17

    from the same execution history, and cost-effective active response by proactively setting up standby VM replicas: migration from a compromised VM...the guest OSes system call code to be reused inside a “shadowed” portion of the context of the out-of- guest inspection program. Besides...by the rootkits in cloud environments. RootkitDet detects rootkits by identifying suspicious code region in the kernel space of guest OSes through

  12. CONTEMPT/LT-028 Browns Ferry studies of an anticipated transient without scram

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Holcomb, E.E.

    1983-01-01

    The Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant containment response during the first 30 min of an anticipated transient without scram (ATWS) is the subject of this paper. Three cases, each initiated by a main steam isolation valve closure, are presented: the ATWS is mitigated by operator actions in the spirit of the General Electric Emergency Procedure Guidelines; the ATWS is managed by the plant automatic control systems; and the ATWS proceeds as in first case except that the drywell coolers are unavailable. Success of the standby liquid control system is assumed in the last two transients.

  13. The Rome Laboratory Reliability Engineer’s Toolkit

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-04-01

    34Testability Programs for Electronic Systems and Equipment" DODD 5000.1 "Defense Acquistion " DODI 5000.2 "Defense Acquisition Management Policies and...these paths have an equivalent failure rate of zero so that only the remaining serial elements need to be translated. 5. The requirement process...X6) X A2+B2+XAXB One standby off-line unit with n active on- line units required for success. Off-line spare assumed to have a failure rate of zero

  14. Diatomaceous Earth Project put on standby by Texaco

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1986-09-01

    Texaco has placed its Diatomite Project, located at McKittrick in California's Kern County, in a standby condition. The Project will be reactivated when conditions in the industry dictate. Texaco stressed that the Project is not being abandoned, but is being put on hold due to the current worldwide energy supply picture. The Lurgi pilot unit is being maintained in condition for future operations. Texaco estimates that the Project could yield in excess of 300 million barrels of 21 to 23 API oil from the oil-bearing diatomite deposits which lie at depths up to 1200 feet. The deposits will be recoveredmore » by open pit mining and back filling techniques.« less

  15. Evaluation of Glare at the Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ho, Clifford K.; Sims, Cianan; Christian, Joshua Mark

    2014-07-01

    The Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System (ISEGS), located on I - 15 about 40 miles (60 km) south of Las Vegas, NV, consists of three power towers 459 ft (140 m) tall and over 170,000 reflective heliostats with a rated capacity of 390 MW. Reports of glare from the plant have been submitted by pilots and air traffic controllers and recorded by the Aviation Safety Reporting System and the California Energy Commission since 2013. Aerial and ground - based surveys of the glare were conducted in April, 2014, to identify the cause and to quantify the irradiance and potential ocularmore » impact s of the glare . Results showed that the intense glare viewed from the airspace above ISEGS was caused by he liostats in standby mode that were aimed to the side of the receiver. Evaluation of the glare showed that the retinal irradiance and subtended source angle of the glare from the heliostats in standby were sufficient to cause significant ocular impact (pot ential for after - image) up to a distance of %7E6 miles (10 km), but the values were below the threshold for permanent eye damage . Glare from the receivers had a low potential for after - image at all ground - based monitoring locations outside of the site bound aries. A Letter to Airmen has been issued by the Federal Aviation Administration to notify pilots of the potential glare hazards. Additional measures to mitigate the potential impacts of glare from ISGES are also presented and discussed. This page intentionally left blank« less

  16. Pre-travel care for immunocompromised and chronically ill travellers: A retrospective study.

    PubMed

    van Aalst, Mariëlle; Verhoeven, Roos; Omar, Freshta; Stijnis, Cornelis; van Vugt, Michèle; de Bree, Godelieve J; Goorhuis, Abraham; Grobusch, Martin P

    2017-09-01

    Immunocompromised and chronically ill travellers (ICCITs) are susceptible to travel related diseases. In ICCITs, pre-travel care regarding vaccinations and prophylactics is complex. We evaluated the protection level by preventive measures in ICCITs by analysing rates of vaccination protection, antibody titres, and the prescription of standby antibiotics. We analysed, and reported according to STROBE guidelines, pre-travel care data for ICCITs visiting the medical pre-travel clinic at the Academic Medical Centre, The Netherlands from 2011 to 2016. We analysed 2104 visits of 1826 ICCITs. Mean age was 46.6 years and mean travel duration 34.5 days. ICCITs on immunosuppressive treatment (29.7%), HIV (17.2%) or diabetes mellitus (10.2%) comprised the largest groups. Most frequently visited countries were Suriname, Indonesia, and Ghana. Most vaccination rates were >90%. Of travellers in high need of hepatitis A and B protection, 56.6 and 75.7%, underwent titre assessments, respectively. Of ICCITs with a respective indication, 50.6% received a prescription for standby antibiotics. Vaccination rates in our study population were overall comparable to those of healthy travellers studied previously in our centre. However, regarding antibody titre assessments and prescription of standby antibiotics, this study demonstrates that uniform pre-travel guidelines for ICCITs are highly needed. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Environmental assessment of microwaves and the effect of European energy efficiency and waste management legislation.

    PubMed

    Gallego-Schmid, Alejandro; Mendoza, Joan Manuel F; Azapagic, Adisa

    2018-03-15

    More than 130 million microwaves are affected by European Union (EU) legislation which is aimed at reducing the consumption of electricity in the standby mode ('Standby Regulation') and at more sustainable management of end-of-life electrical and electronic waste ('WEEE Directive'). While legislation focuses on these two life cycle stages, there is little information on the environmental impacts of the entire life cycle of microwaves. To address this gap, this paper presents a comprehensive life cycle assessment of microwaves and assesses the environmental implications of the Standby Regulation and the WEEE Directive at the EU level. The impacts are first considered at the level of individual appliances and then at the EU level, with the aim of evaluating the potential environmental implications of the full implementation of the above two EU regulations by 2020. The effects of the electricity decarbonisation and the expected increase in the number of microwaves in use have also been considered. The results suggest that implementation of the EU regulation by 2020 will reduce the environmental impacts considered by 4%-9% compared to the current situation. The majority of these reductions is due to the Standby Regulation, with the contribution of the WEEE Directive being small (~0.3%). However, the expected decarbonisation of electricity will result in much higher reductions (6%-24%) for most impact categories. The results also show that the materials used to manufacture the microwaves, the manufacturing process and end-of-life disposal are environmental hot-spots for several impacts, including depletion of abiotic elements. Therefore, efforts to reduce the environmental impacts of a future electricity mix should be combined with the development of specific eco-design regulations for microwaves that stipulate optimisation of resource consumption. Possible future trends, such as shorter lifetimes and limited availability of some resources, make the development of such product regulations more critical. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. Proliferative events experimentally induced by a transient cold shock in the brain of adult terrestrial heterothermic vertebrates: preliminary analysis of PCNA expression in Podarcis sicula.

    PubMed

    Margotta, Vito

    2014-01-01

    In past studies on the encephalic regenerative phenomena some authors adopted a pre-surgi- cal stratagem (drastic, sudden, transient thermal stimulus) to adult brain-injured newts to limit death rate upon surgery and with this method, unexpected tissue reparation was obtained. This procedure became a routine technicality also in frog and lizard to stimulate an increase in the neurogenesis, attributable to putative stem cells which appear either in clusters ("matrix areas" or "matrix zones"), mostly at or near the telencephalic ventricular surfaces, or scattered ("matrix cells") within other cerebral districts. On the basis of this literature background, planning an immunocytochemical re-evaluation of the survival of latent proliferative properties in these adult cold shocked organisms, as already studied in Triturus carnifex, the actual investigation was carried out on the brain of Podarcis sicula not subjected to cerebral injury. The immunohistochem- ical expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) seemed moderate only in those encephalic portions better provided with cells in stand-by: the olfactory peduncles and the telen- cephalic zonae germinativae ventrales. This scenario appeared rather disappointed and inadequate with respect to the unexpected, widespread restoration of the removed portions observed by previous authors. These findings could be due both to a small effectiveness of a relatively mild thermal stress, depending on the difference between the applied temperature and seasonal one, to the lack of other experimental conditions (surgical trauma, encephalic injury) adopted in the past, and to the interspecific differences in sensitivity, since lacertilian Reptiles are less endowed with proliferative/regenerative power than Amphibians, mainly Urodela, and Teleosts.

  19. 48 CFR 52.222-2 - Payment for Overtime Premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... in connection with administration, protection, transportation, maintenance, standby plant protection, operation of utilities, or accounting; (3) To perform tests, industrial processes, laboratory procedures...

  20. Official Guard and Reserve Manpower Strengths and Statistics. FY 2001 Summary

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2001-01-01

    Status 2.023 Standby Reserve - Inactive Status 2.024 Total Standby Reserve 2.025 A5 STRENGTH BY RACE, SEX AND UNIT STATE CODE Selected...pN fNO^NNrsinm OiO- icON ^iD’-i m Lft rn ^ m T-I ^r *• PM co <•« us m fN *-* tO i co $ ot en v ^ i momoococo f> in rs ^r m ^H I v fN...r ma) *owm^rvftMf^«^««3inQ^»Q«rv«p^o\\mv\\or^^r^ a5 (DorNi^Q«>oa3oo o v- IN -» v 10 -* m 00 rv IN mn*-«^fNm—-mmmmiNin -* *F « r*. in in

  1. 76 FR 58345 - Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Residential Dishwashers, Dehumidifiers, and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-20

    ...Where appropriate, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has proposed to amend its test procedures for residential dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and conventional cooking products (which includes cooktops, ovens, and ranges) to include provisions for measuring standby mode and off mode energy consumption, as required by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA 2007). These test procedure amendments would incorporate by reference certain provisions of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard 62301, ``Household electrical appliances--Measurement of standby power.'' Since publication of DOE's initial proposal in December 2010, the IEC has replaced the First Edition of this standard with the current Second Edition. This supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking proposes to incorporate the latest edition of IEC Standard 62301.

  2. Calendar aging of a 250 kW/500 kWh Li-ion battery deployed for the grid storage application

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kubiak, Pierre; Cen, Zhaohui; López, Carmen M.; Belharouak, Ilias

    2017-12-01

    The introduction of Li-ion batteries for grid applications has become evidence as the cost per kWh is continuously decreasing. Although the Li-ion battery is a mature technology for automotive applications and portable electronics, its use for stationary applications needs more validation. The Li-ion technology is considered safe enough for grid storage application, but its lifetime is generally evaluated to be around 10 years. Higher market penetration will be achieved if a longer lifespan could be demonstrated. Therefore, aging evaluation of the batteries becomes crucial. In this paper we investigated the effects of aging after a three years' standby field deployment of a 250 kW/500 kWh Li-ion battery integrated with the grid and solar farm under the harsh climate conditions of Qatar. The development of tools for acquisition and analysis of data from the battery management system (BMS) allows the assessment of the battery performance at the battery stack, string and cell levels. The analysis of the residual capacity after aging showed that the stack suffered from a low decrease of capacity, whereas some inconsistencies have been found between the strings. These inconsistencies are caused by misalignment of a small number of cells that underwent self-discharge during standby at high state of charge.

  3. Feasibility Study and Development of Modular Appliance Technologies, Centralized Heating (MATCH) Field Kitchen

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1994-07-01

    including standby losses. The required input fuel rate is 261.000 Btu/hr ( LHV ) or 277,700 Btu/hr ( HHV ). The Becker burner used in the system is rated at 2...cost of -$6/gallon. Burning diesel fuel , with 20-percent excess air and a final exhaust temperature of 932°F, requires a fuel LHV input of 261,000 Btu...GPH diesel fuel burning rate, corresponding to 280.000 Btu/hr ( HHV ) input. The flue gases leave the fluid heater at a nominal temperature of 932°F

  4. Proceedings of the Ship Control Systems Symposium (5th), Held at U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland on October 30 - November 3, 1978. Volume 5,

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1978-11-03

    shipboard navigational aids (instrumentation) and enviromental navigational aid (buoys and other fixed references). The types of shipboard...life experiences of pilots. Ql 3-5 work t the direct indirectI I I authori1ties ’ mental standby physical travel home etc.! domestictypes of l / social ...the shipping industry, all sides of it, needs to take a long hard look at itself and get up-to-date for social as well as eccnomic reasons. Criteria

  5. Salivary alpha-amylase activity and stress in Japan air self-defense force cargo pilots involved in Iraq reconstruction.

    PubMed

    Iizuka, Naotaka; Awano, Shuji; Ansai, Toshihiro

    2012-01-01

    This study aimed to verify whether salivary α-amylase enzyme activity (Amy) is useful as a biomarker of stress in pilots working in a stressful environment. The subjects in this study were nine Japan air self-defense force pilots who participated in Iraq reconstruction support activity in Kuwait. Amy was measured using a portable salivary amylase monitor at preflight, postflight, and on stand-by day. In addition, the state-trait anxiety inventory was administered with state scores (STAI-S) compared to Amy levels. There were greater differences in Amy levels at baseline compared to STAI-S scores between subjects on the stand-by day. Amy levels at preflight tended to increase compared to those on stand-by day as did STAI-S. The change in Amy level at postflight varied among the pilots. The Amy levels of four subjects at postflight were elevated compared to levels at preflight, while the STAI-S scores for all pilots at postflight were lower than at preflight. This study suggests that the Amy level of pilots can reflect subtle individual differences in response to the psychological and physiological stress of a flight task. Thus, monitoring Amy level may be useful for stress evaluation of pilots working in a stressful environment, providing data that might be used as an impetus for addressing stress management for this population. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  6. Mobile phone radiation induces mode-dependent DNA damage in a mouse spermatocyte-derived cell line: a protective role of melatonin.

    PubMed

    Liu, Chuan; Gao, Peng; Xu, Shang-Cheng; Wang, Yuan; Chen, Chun-Hai; He, Min-Di; Yu, Zheng-Ping; Zhang, Lei; Zhou, Zhou

    2013-11-01

    To evaluate whether exposure to mobile phone radiation (MPR) can induce DNA damage in male germ cells. A mouse spermatocyte-derived GC-2 cell line was exposed to a commercial mobile phone handset once every 20 min in standby, listen, dialed or dialing modes for 24 h. DNA damage was determined using an alkaline comet assay. The levels of DNA damage were significantly increased following exposure to MPR in the listen, dialed and dialing modes. Moreover, there were significantly higher increases in the dialed and dialing modes than in the listen mode. Interestingly, these results were consistent with the radiation intensities of these modes. However, the DNA damage effects of MPR in the dialing mode were efficiently attenuated by melatonin pretreatment. These results regarding mode-dependent DNA damage have important implications for the safety of inappropriate mobile phone use by males of reproductive age and also suggest a simple preventive measure: Keeping mobile phones as far away from our body as possible, not only during conversations but during 'dialed' and 'dialing' operation modes. Since the 'dialed' mode is actually part of the standby mode, mobile phones should be kept at a safe distance from our body even during standby operation. Furthermore, the protective role of melatonin suggests that it may be a promising pharmacological candidate for preventing mobile phone use-related reproductive impairments.

  7. Impact of one's own mobile phone in stand-by mode on personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure.

    PubMed

    Urbinello, Damiano; Röösli, Martin

    2013-01-01

    When moving around, mobile phones in stand-by mode periodically send data about their positions. The aim of this paper is to evaluate how personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) measurements are affected by such location updates. Exposure from a mobile phone handset (uplink) was measured during commuting by using a randomized cross-over study with three different scenarios: disabled mobile phone (reference), an activated dual-band phone and a quad-band phone. In the reference scenario, uplink exposure was highest during train rides (1.19 mW/m(2)) and lowest during car rides in rural areas (0.001 mW/m(2)). In public transports, the impact of one's own mobile phone on personal RF-EMF measurements was not observable because of high background uplink radiation from other people's mobile phone. In a car, uplink exposure with an activated phone was orders of magnitude higher compared with the reference scenario. This study demonstrates that personal RF-EMF exposure is affected by one's own mobile phone in stand-by mode because of its regular location update. Further dosimetric studies should quantify the contribution of location updates to the total RF-EMF exposure in order to clarify whether the duration of mobile phone use, the most common exposure surrogate in the epidemiological RF-EMF research, is actually an adequate exposure proxy.

  8. 76 FR 17160 - Office of New Reactors; Final Interim Staff Guidance on the Review of Nuclear Power Plant Designs...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-28

    ...The NRC staff is issuing its Final Interim Staff Guidance (ISG) DC/COL-ISG-021 titled ``Interim Staff Guidance on the Review of Nuclear Power Plant Designs Using a Gas Turbine Driven Standby Emergency Alternating Current Power System,'' Agencywide Documents Access and Management System (ADAMS) Accession No. ML102510119 for DC/ COL-ISG-021 and ADAMS Accession No. ML102510164 for Attachment 1 to DC/ COL-ISG-021. This ISG provides new guidance for applicants submitting a combined license (COL) or design certification (DC) application for new nuclear power reactors under Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations, part 52. In addition, it supplements the guidance provided to the NRC staff in NUREG-0800, ``Standard Review Plan for the Review of Safety Analysis Reports for Nuclear Power Plants,'' March 2007, Standard Review Plan (SRP), Section 8.3.1 and Sections 9.5.4 through 9.5.8. The NRC staff issues DC/COL-ISGs to facilitate activities associated with NRC review of applications for DCs and COLs. The NRC staff intends to incorporate DC/COL-ISG-021 into the next revision of SRP Section 8.3.1 and Sections 9.5.4 through 9.5.8 and Regulatory Guide 1.206, ``Combined License Applications for Nuclear Power Plants (LWR Edition),'' June 2007. Disposition: On February 3, 2010, the NRC staff issued proposed DC/ COL-ISG-021 on ``Review of Nuclear Power Plant Designs Using a Gas Turbine Driven Standby Emergency Alternating Current Power System,'' ADAMS Accession No. ML092640035. The NRC staff received comments on the proposed guidance. This final issuance resolves the majority of the comments. The NRC staff responses to these comments can be found in ADAMS Accession No. ML102510176.

  9. A non-volatile flip-flop based on diode-selected PCM for ultra-low power systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ye, Yong; Du, Yuan; Gao, Dan; Kang, Yong; Song, Zhitang; Chen, Bomy

    2016-10-01

    As the process technology is continuously shrinking, low power consumption is a major issue in VLSI Systems-on-Chip (SoCs), especially for standby-power-critical applications. Recently, the emerging CMOS-compatible non-volatile memories (NVMs), such as Phase Change Memory (PCM), have been used as on-chip storage elements, which can obtain non-volatile processing, nearly-zero standby power and instant-on capability. PCM has been considered as the best candidate for the next generation of NVMs for its low cost, high density and high resistance transformation ratio. In this paper, for the first time, we present a diode-selected PCM based non-volatile flip-flop (NVFF) which is optimized for better power consumption and process variation tolerance. With dual trench isolation process, the diode-selected PCM realizes ultra small area, which is very suitable for multi-context configuration and large scale flip-flops matrix. Since the MOS-selected PCM is hard to shrink further due to large amount of PCM write current, the proposed NVFF achieves higher power efficiency without loss of current driving capability. Using the 40nm manufacturing process, the area of the cell (1D1R) is as small as 0.016 μm2. Simulation results show that the energy consumption during the recall operation is 62 fJ with 1.1 standard supply voltage, which is reduced by 54.9% compared to the previous 2T2R based NVFF. When the supply voltage reduces to 0.7 V, the recall energy is as low as 17 fJ. With the great advantages in cell size and energy, the proposed diode-selected NVFF is very applicable and cost-effective for ULP systems.

  10. 32 CFR 44.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... concerned. Extreme personal hardship. An adverse impact on a Reservist's dependents resulting from his or... individuals who may be mobilized as needed to fill manpower needs in specific skills. The Standby Reserve...

  11. 32 CFR 44.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... concerned. Extreme personal hardship. An adverse impact on a Reservist's dependents resulting from his or... individuals who may be mobilized as needed to fill manpower needs in specific skills. The Standby Reserve...

  12. 32 CFR 44.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... concerned. Extreme personal hardship. An adverse impact on a Reservist's dependents resulting from his or... individuals who may be mobilized as needed to fill manpower needs in specific skills. The Standby Reserve...

  13. 32 CFR 44.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... concerned. Extreme personal hardship. An adverse impact on a Reservist's dependents resulting from his or... individuals who may be mobilized as needed to fill manpower needs in specific skills. The Standby Reserve...

  14. 32 CFR 44.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... concerned. Extreme personal hardship. An adverse impact on a Reservist's dependents resulting from his or... individuals who may be mobilized as needed to fill manpower needs in specific skills. The Standby Reserve...

  15. Reliability Considerations of ULP Scaled CMOS in Spacecraft Systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    White, Mark; MacNeal, Kristen; Cooper, Mark

    2012-01-01

    NASA, the aerospace community, and other high reliability (hi-rel) users of advanced microelectronic products face many challenges as technology continues to scale into the deep sub-micron region. Decreasing the feature size of CMOS devices not only allows more components to be placed on a single chip, but it increases performance by allowing faster switching (or clock) speeds with reduced power compared to larger scaled devices. Higher performance, and lower operating and stand-by power characteristics of Ultra-Low Power (ULP) microelectronics are not only desirable, but also necessary to meet low power consumption design goals of critical spacecraft systems. The integration of these components in such systems, however, must be balanced with the overall risk tolerance of the project.

  16. Task 6 -- Advanced turbine systems program conceptual design and product development

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    NONE

    1996-01-10

    The Allison Engine Company has completed the Task 6 Conceptual Design and Analysis of Phase 2 of the Advanced Turbine System (ATS) contract. At the heart of Allison`s system is an advanced simple cycle gas turbine engine. This engine will incorporate components that ensure the program goals are met. Allison plans to commercialize the ATS demonstrator and market a family of engines incorporating this technology. This family of engines, ranging from 4.9 MW to 12 MW, will be suitable for use in all industrial engine applications, including electric power generation, mechanical drive, and marine propulsion. In the field of electricmore » power generation, the engines will be used for base load, standby, cogeneration, and distributed generation applications.« less

  17. 10 CFR 430.4 - Sources for information and guidance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ..., 1993. (2) [Reserved] (c) IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 3 Park Avenue....ch. (1) IEC 62301, Household electrical appliances—Measurement of standby power, First Edition, June...

  18. 10 CFR 430.4 - Sources for information and guidance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ..., 1993. (2) [Reserved] (c) IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 3 Park Avenue....ch. (1) IEC 62301, Household electrical appliances—Measurement of standby power, First Edition, June...

  19. 10 CFR 430.4 - Sources for information and guidance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ..., 1993. (2) [Reserved] (c) IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 3 Park Avenue....ch. (1) IEC 62301, Household electrical appliances—Measurement of standby power, First Edition, June...

  20. 10 CFR 430.4 - Sources for information and guidance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ..., 1993. (2) [Reserved] (c) IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 3 Park Avenue....ch. (1) IEC 62301, Household electrical appliances—Measurement of standby power, First Edition, June...

  1. 5 CFR 550.1302 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... biweekly pay period), excluding sleep and standby duty hours, provided the regular tour of duty does not... effect throughout the year, averages at least 106 hours per biweekly pay period; and (2) Who is in a...

  2. 5 CFR 550.1302 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... biweekly pay period), excluding sleep and standby duty hours, provided the regular tour of duty does not... effect throughout the year, averages at least 106 hours per biweekly pay period; and (2) Who is in a...

  3. 5 CFR 550.1302 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... biweekly pay period), excluding sleep and standby duty hours, provided the regular tour of duty does not... effect throughout the year, averages at least 106 hours per biweekly pay period; and (2) Who is in a...

  4. Operations and Maintenance May Newsletter | Poster

    Cancer.gov

    Occurring without notice, unscheduled utility outages (mainly electrical) are abrupt and create a nuisance. During an unscheduled electrical power outage, the Operations and Maintenance (O&M) department will monitor stand-by generators for proper operation.

  5. 46 CFR Sec. 4 - Port facilities predesignated for emergency use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... standby contracts or agreements for use by Government agencies shall be controlled directly by the NSA. (b... released. The Director, NSA shall have the discretion to approve contracts for subsequent exclusive use by...

  6. 46 CFR Sec. 4 - Port facilities predesignated for emergency use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... standby contracts or agreements for use by Government agencies shall be controlled directly by the NSA. (b... released. The Director, NSA shall have the discretion to approve contracts for subsequent exclusive use by...

  7. 46 CFR Sec. 4 - Port facilities predesignated for emergency use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... standby contracts or agreements for use by Government agencies shall be controlled directly by the NSA. (b... released. The Director, NSA shall have the discretion to approve contracts for subsequent exclusive use by...

  8. 46 CFR Sec. 4 - Port facilities predesignated for emergency use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... standby contracts or agreements for use by Government agencies shall be controlled directly by the NSA. (b... released. The Director, NSA shall have the discretion to approve contracts for subsequent exclusive use by...

  9. 46 CFR Sec. 4 - Port facilities predesignated for emergency use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... standby contracts or agreements for use by Government agencies shall be controlled directly by the NSA. (b... released. The Director, NSA shall have the discretion to approve contracts for subsequent exclusive use by...

  10. 46 CFR 12.15-9 - Examination requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... X X X 18. The procedure in preparing a turbine, reciprocating, or Diesel engine for standby; also... various types of generators and motors, both A.C. and D.C X X X 27. Operation, installation, and...

  11. Performance and Health Test Procedure for Grid Energy Storage Systems

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Baggu, Murali M; Smith, Kandler A; Friedl, Andrew

    A test procedure to evaluate the performance and health of field installations of grid-connected battery energy storage systems (BESS) is described. Performance and health metrics captured in the procedures are: round-trip efficiency, standby losses, response time/accuracy, and useable energy/state of charge at different discharge/charge rates over the system's lifetime. The procedures are divided into reference performance tests, which require the system to be put in a test mode and are to be conducted in intervals, and real-time monitoring tests, which collect data during normal operation without interruption. The procedures can be applied on a wide array of BESS with littlemore » modification and can thus support BESS operators in the management of BESS field installations with minimal interruption and expenditure. Simulated results based on a detailed system simulation of a prototype system are provided as guideline.« less

  12. INNOVATIVE HYBRID GAS/ELECTRIC CHILLER COGENERATION

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Todd Kollross; Mike Connolly

    2004-06-30

    Engine-driven chillers are quickly gaining popularity in the market place (increased from 7,000 tons in 1994 to greater than 50,000 tons in 1998) due to their high efficiency, electric peak shaving capability, and overall low operating cost. The product offers attractive economics (5 year pay back or less) in many applications, based on areas cooling requirements and electric pricing structure. When heat is recovered and utilized from the engine, the energy resource efficiency of a natural gas engine-driven chiller is higher than all competing products. As deregulation proceeds, real time pricing rate structures promise high peak demand electric rates, butmore » low off-peak electric rates. An emerging trend with commercial building owners and managers who require air conditioning today is to reduce their operating costs by installing hybrid chiller systems that combine gas and electric units. Hybrid systems not only reduce peak electric demand charges, but also allow customers to level their energy load profiles and select the most economical energy source, gas or electricity, from hour to hour. Until recently, however, all hybrid systems incorporated one or more gas-powered chillers (engine driven and/or absorption) and one or more conventional electric units. Typically, the cooling capacity of hybrid chiller plants ranges from the hundreds to thousands of refrigeration tons, with multiple chillers affording the user a choice of cooling systems. But this flexibility is less of an option for building operators who have limited room for equipment. To address this technology gap, a hybrid chiller was developed by Alturdyne that combines a gas engine, an electric motor and a refrigeration compressor within a single package. However, this product had not been designed to realize the full features and benefits possible by combining an engine, motor/generator and compressor. The purpose of this project is to develop a new hybrid chiller that can (1) reduce end-user energy costs, (2) lower building peak electric load, (3) increase energy efficiency, and (4) provide standby power. This new hybrid product is designed to allow the engine to generate electricity or drive the chiller's compressor, based on the market price and conditions of the available energy sources. Building owners can minimize cooling costs by operating with natural gas or electricity, depending on time of day energy rates. In the event of a backout, the building owner could either operate the product as a synchronous generator set, thus providing standby power, or continue to operate a chiller to provide air conditioning with support of a small generator set to cover the chiller's electric auxiliary requirements. The ability to utilize the same piece of equipment as a hybrid gas/electric chiller or a standby generator greatly enhances its economic attractiveness and would substantially expand the opportunities for high efficiency cooling products.« less

  13. A comparative approach to the principal mechanisms of different memory systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rensing, Ludger; Koch, Michael; Becker, Annette

    2009-12-01

    The term “memory” applies not only to the preservation of information in neuronal and immune systems but also to phenomena observed for example in plants, single cells, and RNA viruses. We here compare the different forms of information storage with respect to possible common features. The latter may be characterized by (1) selection of pre-existing information, (2) activation of memory systems often including transcriptional, and translational, as well as epigenetic and genetic mechanisms, (3) subsequent consolidation of the activated state in a latent form ( standby mode), and (4) reactivation of the latent state of memory systems when the organism is exposed to the same (or conditioned) signal or to previous selective constraints. These features apparently also exist in the “evolutionary memory,” i.e., in evolving populations which have highly variable mutant spectra.

  14. 38 CFR 59.130 - General requirements for all State home facilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Veterans Affairs, Office of Regulations Management (02D), Room 1154, 810 Vermont Avenue, NW, Washington, DC... of power must be an on-site emergency standby generator of sufficient size to serve the connected...

  15. 16 CFR 305.17 - Television labeling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... (sleep) mode per day, and an electricity cost rate of 11 cents per kWh. (5) The applicable ranges of... hours in sleep (standby) mode per day. (8) No marks or information other than that specified in this...

  16. 36. SITE BUILDING 004 ELECTRIC POWER STATION CLOSE ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    36. SITE BUILDING 004 - ELECTRIC POWER STATION - CLOSE UP VIEW OF 1200 HORSEPOWER STANDBY POWER DIESEL ENGINE/GENERATOR SETS. - Cape Cod Air Station, Technical Facility-Scanner Building & Power Plant, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Sandwich, Barnstable County, MA

  17. 37. SITE BUILDING 004 ELECTRIC POWER STATION ELEVATED ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    37. SITE BUILDING 004 - ELECTRIC POWER STATION - ELEVATED VIEW OF FIVE (5) 1200 HORSEPOWER STANDBY - POWER DIESEL ENGINE/GENERATOR SETS. - Cape Cod Air Station, Technical Facility-Scanner Building & Power Plant, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Sandwich, Barnstable County, MA

  18. 46 CFR 12.15-9 - Examination requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... X X X 18. The procedure in preparing a turbine, reciprocating, or Diesel engine for standby; also... supply of water to boilers, the dangers of high and low water and remedial action X X X 20. Operation...

  19. 46 CFR 12.15-9 - Examination requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... X X X 18. The procedure in preparing a turbine, reciprocating, or Diesel engine for standby; also... supply of water to boilers, the dangers of high and low water and remedial action X X X 20. Operation...

  20. Investigation of an advanced fault tolerant integrated avionics system

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dunn, W. R.; Cottrell, D.; Flanders, J.; Javornik, A.; Rusovick, M.

    1986-01-01

    Presented is an advanced, fault-tolerant multiprocessor avionics architecture as could be employed in an advanced rotorcraft such as LHX. The processor structure is designed to interface with existing digital avionics systems and concepts including the Army Digital Avionics System (ADAS) cockpit/display system, navaid and communications suites, integrated sensing suite, and the Advanced Digital Optical Control System (ADOCS). The report defines mission, maintenance and safety-of-flight reliability goals as might be expected for an operational LHX aircraft. Based on use of a modular, compact (16-bit) microprocessor card family, results of a preliminary study examining simplex, dual and standby-sparing architectures is presented. Given the stated constraints, it is shown that the dual architecture is best suited to meet reliability goals with minimum hardware and software overhead. The report presents hardware and software design considerations for realizing the architecture including redundancy management requirements and techniques as well as verification and validation needs and methods.

  1. Advanced Cogeneration Technology Economic Optimization Study (ACTEOS)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Nanda, P.; Ansu, Y.; Manuel, E. H., Jr.; Price, W. G., Jr.

    1980-01-01

    The advanced cogeneration technology economic optimization study (ACTEOS) was undertaken to extend the results of the cogeneration technology alternatives study (CTAS). Cost comparisons were made between designs involving advanced cogeneration technologies and designs involving either conventional cogeneration technologies or not involving cogeneration. For the specific equipment cost and fuel price assumptions made, it was found that: (1) coal based cogeneration systems offered appreciable cost savings over the no cogeneration case, while systems using coal derived liquids offered no costs savings; and (2) the advanced cogeneration systems provided somewhat larger cost savings than the conventional systems. Among the issues considered in the study included: (1) temporal variations in steam and electric demands; (2) requirements for reliability/standby capacity; (3) availability of discrete equipment sizes; (4) regional variations in fuel and electricity prices; (5) off design system performance; and (6) separate demand and energy charges for purchased electricity.

  2. 48 CFR 23.702 - Authorities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... July 31, 2001, Energy Efficient Standby Power Devices. (f) Executive Order 13423 of January 24, 2007... PROGRAMS ENVIRONMENT, ENERGY AND WATER EFFICIENCY, RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, AND DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE Contracting for Environmentally Preferable Products and Services 23.702 Authorities...

  3. 5 CFR 550.1303 - Hourly rates of basic pay.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... generally consist of 24-hour shifts with a significant amount of designated standby and sleep time), the... annual rate in effect at the time the hour was actually worked. [63 FR 64593, Nov. 23, 1998, as amended...

  4. 5 CFR 550.1303 - Hourly rates of basic pay.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... generally consist of 24-hour shifts with a significant amount of designated standby and sleep time), the... annual rate in effect at the time the hour was actually worked. [63 FR 64593, Nov. 23, 1998, as amended...

  5. 5 CFR 550.1303 - Hourly rates of basic pay.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... generally consist of 24-hour shifts with a significant amount of designated standby and sleep time), the... annual rate in effect at the time the hour was actually worked. [63 FR 64593, Nov. 23, 1998, as amended...

  6. 5 CFR 550.1303 - Hourly rates of basic pay.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... generally consist of 24-hour shifts with a significant amount of designated standby and sleep time), the... annual rate in effect at the time the hour was actually worked. [63 FR 64593, Nov. 23, 1998, as amended...

  7. 5 CFR 550.1303 - Hourly rates of basic pay.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... generally consist of 24-hour shifts with a significant amount of designated standby and sleep time), the... annual rate in effect at the time the hour was actually worked. [63 FR 64593, Nov. 23, 1998, as amended...

  8. Venezuela: A Revolution on Standby

    DTIC Science & Technology

    Blessed with rich agricultural terrain, Venezuela currently retains the largest proven reserves of petroleum in the world. Surprisingly, though, the...Venezuelas food crisis results from over-reliance on the oil industry, lack of a developed agricultural sector, strong dependence on food imports

  9. Distributed Electrical Power Generation: Summary of Alternative Available Technologies

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2003-09-01

    standby charges, among others. Federal law (Public Utilities Regulatory Policy Act [ PURPA ] Section 210) prohibits utilities from assessing...a customer-generator. PURPA . The PURPA of 1978 requires electric utilities to purchase electricity produced from any qualifying power producers

  10. Flexible robotic entry device for a nuclear materials production reactor

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Heckendorn, F.M. II

    1988-01-01

    The Savannah River Laboratory has developed and is implementing a flexible robotic entry device (FRED) for the nuclear materials production reactors now operating at the Savannah River Plant (SRP). FRED is designed for rapid deployment into confinement areas of operating reactors to assess unknown conditions. A unique smart tether method has been incorporated into FRED for simultaneous bidirectional transmission of multiple video/audio/control/power signals over a single coaxial cable. This system makes it possible to use FRED under all operating and standby conditions, including those where radio/microwave transmissions are not possible or permitted, and increases the quantity of data available.

  11. Free-cooling: A total HVAC design concept

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Janeke, C.E.

    1982-01-01

    This paper discusses a total ''free cooling'' HVAC design concept in which mechanical refrigeration is practically obviated via the refined application of existing technological strategies and a new diffuser terminal. The principles being applied are as follows; Thermal Swing: This is the active contribution of programmed heat storage to overall HVAC system performance. Reverse Diffuser: This is a new air terminal design that facilitates manifesting the thermal storage gains. Developing the thermal storage equation system into a generalized simulation model, optimizing the thermal storage and operating strategies with a computer program and developing related algorithms are subsequently illustrated. Luminair Aspiration:more » This feature provides for exhausting all luminair heat totally out of the building envelope, via an exhaust duct system and insulated boots. Two/Three-Stage Evaporative Cooling: This concept comprises a system of air conditioning that entails a combination of closed and open loop evaporative cooling with standby refrigeration only.« less

  12. Duty Rosters and Workloads of Obstetricians in Germany: Results of a Germany-wide Survey.

    PubMed

    Neimann, Johannes; Knabl, Julia; Puppe, Julian; Bayer, Christian Michael; Gass, Paul; Gabriel, Lena; Seelbach-Goebel, Birgit; Lermann, Johannes; Schott, Sarah

    2017-08-01

    Compiling a daily hospital roster which complies with existing laws and tariff regulations and meets the requirements for ongoing professional training while also taking the legal regulations on the health of employees into account makes planning the duty roster a challenge. The aim of this study was to obtain a realistic picture of existing duty roster systems and of the current workloads of obstetricians in Germany. This online survey was sent to 2770 physicians training to become obstetricians or specializing in specific areas of obstetric care. The survey consisted of an anonymized 95-item questionnaire which collected data on different types of duty roster systems and the workload of obstetricians in Germany for the period from 17.02.2015 to 16.05.2015. Out of a total of 2770 physicians who were contacted, 437 (16%) completed the questionnaire. Across all forms of care, the care provided outside normal working hours usually (75%) consisted of a combination of regular working times and on-call duty or even consisted entirely of standby duty. Level I perinatal centers were most likely 20% (n = 88) to have a shift system in place. Working a shift system was significantly more common in care facilities which had previously carried out a job analysis. The number of physicians in hospitals who are present during the night shift was higher in facilities with higher numbers of births and in facilities which offered higher levels of care. In addition to regularly working overtime and the fact that often not all the hours worked were recorded, it was notable that the systems used to compile duty rosters often did not comply with legal regulations or with collectively agreed working hours nor were they compatible with the staff planning requirements. The results of this study show that the conditions of work, the working times, and the organization of working times in obstetric departments are in need of improvement. Recording the actual times worked together with an analysis of the activities performed during working times and while on standby would increase the level of transparency for employers and employees.

  13. PubMed Central

    Neimann, Johannes; Knabl, Julia; Puppe, Julian; Bayer, Christian Michael; Gass, Paul; Gabriel, Lena; Seelbach-Goebel, Birgit; Lermann, Johannes; Schott, Sarah

    2017-01-01

    Background Compiling a daily hospital roster which complies with existing laws and tariff regulations and meets the requirements for ongoing professional training while also taking the legal regulations on the health of employees into account makes planning the duty roster a challenge. The aim of this study was to obtain a realistic picture of existing duty roster systems and of the current workloads of obstetricians in Germany. Method This online survey was sent to 2770 physicians training to become obstetricians or specializing in specific areas of obstetric care. The survey consisted of an anonymized 95-item questionnaire which collected data on different types of duty roster systems and the workload of obstetricians in Germany for the period from 17.02.2015 to 16.05.2015. Results Out of a total of 2770 physicians who were contacted, 437 (16%) completed the questionnaire. Across all forms of care, the care provided outside normal working hours usually (75%) consisted of a combination of regular working times and on-call duty or even consisted entirely of standby duty. Level I perinatal centers were most likely 20% (n = 88) to have a shift system in place. Working a shift system was significantly more common in care facilities which had previously carried out a job analysis. The number of physicians in hospitals who are present during the night shift was higher in facilities with higher numbers of births and in facilities which offered higher levels of care. In addition to regularly working overtime and the fact that often not all the hours worked were recorded, it was notable that the systems used to compile duty rosters often did not comply with legal regulations or with collectively agreed working hours nor were they compatible with the staff planning requirements. Outlook The results of this study show that the conditions of work, the working times, and the organization of working times in obstetric departments are in need of improvement. Recording the actual times worked together with an analysis of the activities performed during working times and while on standby would increase the level of transparency for employers and employees. PMID:28845054

  14. 12 CFR 167.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... institution. The term domestic depository institution means a financial institution that engages in the... substitute. Direct credit substitutes include: (1) Financial standby letters of credit that support financial claims on a third party that exceed a savings association's pro rata share in the financial claim; (2...

  15. 12 CFR 167.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... institution. The term domestic depository institution means a financial institution that engages in the... substitute. Direct credit substitutes include: (1) Financial standby letters of credit that support financial claims on a third party that exceed a savings association's pro rata share in the financial claim; (2...

  16. 12 CFR 167.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... institution. The term domestic depository institution means a financial institution that engages in the... substitute. Direct credit substitutes include: (1) Financial standby letters of credit that support financial claims on a third party that exceed a savings association's pro rata share in the financial claim; (2...

  17. Automated Testability Decision Tool

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-09-01

    Vol. 16,1968, pp. 538-558. Bertsekas, D. P., "Constraints Optimization and Lagrange Multiplier Methods," Academic Press, New York. McLeavey , D.W... McLeavey , J.A., "Parallel Optimization Methods in Standby Reliability, " University of Connecticut, School of Business Administration, Bureau of Business

  18. [Medical emergencies and sea rescue].

    PubMed

    Lefebvre, Fabien; Albert, Christophe; Gunepin, David; Pondaven, Eric; Querellou, Emgan

    2013-01-01

    Military nurses and doctors are on permanent standby to respond to any medical emergency which may arise at sea. This atypical form of practice is part of a specific organisation, in order to provide optimal, high-quality care in the most remote places of the oceans.

  19. 33 CFR 146.140 - Emergency Evacuation Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... be contacted; (5) List the facility's communications equipment, its available frequencies, and the communications schedules with shore installations, standby vessels, rescue aircraft, and other OCS facilities... its personnel would be placed in jeopardy and a mass evacuation of the facility's personnel would be...

  20. 10 CFR 950.14 - Standby Support Contract: Covered events, exclusions, covered delay and covered cost provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... environmental laws or regulations such as those related to pollution abatement or human health and the... a covered event(s) is determined to be the cause of delay in attainment of full power operation...

  1. 10 CFR 950.14 - Standby Support Contract: Covered events, exclusions, covered delay and covered cost provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... environmental laws or regulations such as those related to pollution abatement or human health and the... a covered event(s) is determined to be the cause of delay in attainment of full power operation...

  2. 10 CFR 950.14 - Standby Support Contract: Covered events, exclusions, covered delay and covered cost provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... environmental laws or regulations such as those related to pollution abatement or human health and the... a covered event(s) is determined to be the cause of delay in attainment of full power operation...

  3. 10 CFR 950.14 - Standby Support Contract: Covered events, exclusions, covered delay and covered cost provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... environmental laws or regulations such as those related to pollution abatement or human health and the... a covered event(s) is determined to be the cause of delay in attainment of full power operation...

  4. Energy 101: Energy Efficient Data Centers

    ScienceCinema

    None

    2018-04-16

    Data centers provide mission-critical computing functions vital to the daily operation of top U.S. economic, scientific, and technological organizations. These data centers consume large amounts of energy to run and maintain their computer systems, servers, and associated high-performance components—up to 3% of all U.S. electricity powers data centers. And as more information comes online, data centers will consume even more energy. Data centers can become more energy efficient by incorporating features like power-saving "stand-by" modes, energy monitoring software, and efficient cooling systems instead of energy-intensive air conditioners. These and other efficiency improvements to data centers can produce significant energy savings, reduce the load on the electric grid, and help protect the nation by increasing the reliability of critical computer operations.

  5. The pool of preactivated Lck in the initiation of T-cell signaling: a critical re-evaluation of the Lck standby model.

    PubMed

    Ballek, Ondřej; Valečka, Jan; Manning, Jasper; Filipp, Dominik

    2015-04-01

    The initiation of T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling, based on the cobinding of TCR and CD4-Lck heterodimer to a peptide-major histocompatibility complex II on antigen presenting cells, represents a classical model of T-cell signaling. What is less clear however, is the mechanism which translates TCR engagement to the phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs on CD3 chains and how this event is coupled to the delivery of Lck function. Recently proposed 'standby model of Lck' posits that resting T-cells contain an abundant pool of constitutively active Lck (pY394(Lck)) required for TCR triggering, and this amount, upon TCR engagement, remains constant. Here, we show that although maintenance of the limited pool of pY394(Lck) is necessary for the generation of TCR proximal signals in a time-restricted fashion, the total amount of this pool, ~2%, is much smaller than previously reported (~40%). We provide evidence that this dramatic discrepancy in the content of pY394(Lck)is likely the consequence of spontaneous phosphorylation of Lck that occurred after cell solubilization. Additional discrepancies can be accounted for by the sensitivity of different pY394(Lck)-specific antibodies and the type of detergents used. These data suggest that reagents and conditions used for the quantification of signaling parameters must be carefully validated and interpreted. Thus, the limited size of pY394(Lck) pool in primary T-cells invites a discussion regarding the adjustment of the quantitative parameters of the standby model of Lck and reevaluation of the mechanism by which this pool contributes to the generation of proximal TCR signaling.

  6. A Wireless Capsule Endoscope System With Low-Power Controlling and Processing ASIC.

    PubMed

    Xinkai Chen; Xiaoyu Zhang; Linwei Zhang; Xiaowen Li; Nan Qi; Hanjun Jiang; Zhihua Wang

    2009-02-01

    This paper presents the design of a wireless capsule endoscope system. The proposed system is mainly composed of a CMOS image sensor, a RF transceiver and a low-power controlling and processing application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Several design challenges involving system power reduction, system miniaturization and wireless wake-up method are resolved by employing optimized system architecture, integration of an area and power efficient image compression module, a power management unit (PMU) and a novel wireless wake-up subsystem with zero standby current in the ASIC design. The ASIC has been fabricated in 0.18-mum CMOS technology with a die area of 3.4 mm * 3.3 mm. The digital baseband can work under a power supply down to 0.95 V with a power dissipation of 1.3 mW. The prototype capsule based on the ASIC and a data recorder has been developed. Test result shows that proposed system architecture with local image compression lead to an average of 45% energy reduction for transmitting an image frame.

  7. Hydrologic monitoring of a waste-injection well near Milton, Florida, June 1975 - June 1977

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Pascale, Charles A.; Martin, J.B.

    1978-01-01

    This report presents the hydraulic and chemical data collected from June 1, 1975, when injection began, to June 30, 1977 through a monitoring program at a deep-well waste-injection system at the American Cyanamid Company's plant near Milton, about 12 miles northwest of Pensacola. The injection system consists of a primary injection well, a standby injection well, and two deep monitor wells all completed open hole in the lower limestone of the Floridan aquifer and one shallow-monitor well completed in the upper limestone of the Floridan aquifer. Two of the monitor wells and the standby injection well are used to observe hydraulic and geochemical effects of waste injection in the injection zone at locations 8,180 feet northeast, 1,560 feet south, and 1,025 feet southwest of the primary injection well. The shallow-monitor well, used to observe any effects in the first permeable zone above the 200-foot-thick confining bed, is 28 feet north of the primary injection well. Since injection began in June 1975, 607 million gallons of treated industrial liquid waste with a pH of 4.6 to 6.3 and containing high concentrations of nitrate, organic nitrogen and carbon have been injected into a saline-water-filled limestone aquifer. Wellhead pressure at the injection well in June 1977 average 137 pounds per square inch and the hydraulic pressure gradient was 0.53 pound per square inch per foot of depth to the top of the injection zone. Water levels rose from 36 to 74 feet at the three wells used to monitor the injection zone during the 25-month period. The water level in the shallow-monitor well declined about 8 feet. No changes were detected in the chemical character of water from the shallow-monitor well and deep-monitor well-north. Increases in concentration of bicarbonate and dissolved organic carbon were detected in water from the deep-test monitor well in February 1976 and at the standby injection well in August 1976. In addition to increases in bicarbonate and dissolved organic carbon, sulfate, total organic nitrogen, and total nitrogen concentrations have also increased substantially in samples from these wells. Nitrogen gas concentrations in water samples collected at the three deep-monitor wells ranged from 19 to 176 milligrams per liter, methane from 4.5 to 11.4 milligrams per liter, and carbon dioxide from 7.7 to 44 milligrams per liter. The most probable number of denitrifying bacteria in water samples collected at the three deep-monitor wells ranged from less than 2 colonies to 17 colonies per 100 milliliters. None of the water samples collected in April 1977 at the three deep-monitor wells showed positive concentrations of acetone, ethanol, methanol, or acrylonitrile.

  8. Researching of the possibility of using absorption heat exchangers for creating the low return temperature heat supply systems based on CHP generation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yavorovsky, Y. V.; Malenkov, A. S.; Zhigulina, Y. V.; Romanov, D. O.; Kurzanov, S. Y.

    2017-11-01

    This paper deals with the variant of modernization of the heat point within urban heat supply network in order to create the system of heat and cold supply on its basis, providing the suppliers with heat in cold months and with heat and cold in warm months. However, in cold months in the course of heating system operation, the reverse delivery water temperature is maintained below 40 °C. The analysis of heat and power indicators of the heat and cold supply system under different operating conditions throughout the year was conducted. The possibility to use the existing heat networks for the cold supply needs was estimated. The advantages of the system over the traditional heat supply systems that use Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plant as a heat source as exemplified by heat supply system from CHP with ST-80 turbine were demonstrated.

  9. The role of cold pools in tropical convective systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Grant, Leah; Lane, Todd; van den Heever, Susan

    2017-04-01

    Convective systems in the tropics have received less attention than their midlatitude counterparts, despite their important influences on the global circulation and the state of the tropical atmosphere. It is widely accepted that cold pools play key roles in the intensity, maintenance, and propagation of midlatitude organized convective systems. In the tropics, however, cold pools are weaker because the boundary layer is more humid, and the cold pools may interact with the convective systems differently than in the classic midlatitude system archetype, as suggested by recent studies. The goal of this research is to investigate the physical mechanisms by which cold pools impact tropical convective system intensity and propagation. To address this goal, a simulation of radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE) on a large (3000 km by 200 km) channel domain with an ocean SST of 300 K was conducted at 1 km horizontal resolution, as an idealized representation of the tropical atmosphere. Two different long-lived, organized convective systems - one more intense than the other - were selected from the base RCE simulation and simulated at higher (250 m horizontal) resolution. Next, the cold pools were effectively eliminated by shutting off the sub-cloud evaporation, in order to elucidate their roles in the convective systems' behavior. Surprisingly, the cold pools did not impact the propagation of either convective system. However, they did impact the intensities - cold pools acted to weaken one system but intensify the other system. Through composite analysis and additional simulations including tracers within the cold pools, the physical mechanisms explaining these results have been analyzed and will be presented.

  10. 12 CFR 390.461 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... and upon a new, bona fide credit analysis utilizing current information on financial condition and... means a financial institution that engages in the business of banking; that is recognized as a bank by.... Direct credit substitutes include: (1) Financial standby letters of credit that support financial claims...

  11. 12 CFR 390.461 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... and upon a new, bona fide credit analysis utilizing current information on financial condition and... means a financial institution that engages in the business of banking; that is recognized as a bank by.... Direct credit substitutes include: (1) Financial standby letters of credit that support financial claims...

  12. 12 CFR 390.461 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... and upon a new, bona fide credit analysis utilizing current information on financial condition and... means a financial institution that engages in the business of banking; that is recognized as a bank by.... Direct credit substitutes include: (1) Financial standby letters of credit that support financial claims...

  13. 32 CFR 44.4 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... may be transferred back to the Ready Reserve when the reason for the member's transfer to the Standby... or divinity school cannot be involuntarily called to AD or required to participate in inactive duty... theology or divinity schools. Ready Reservists participating in a military Chaplain Candidate or Theology...

  14. 32 CFR 44.4 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... may be transferred back to the Ready Reserve when the reason for the member's transfer to the Standby... or divinity school cannot be involuntarily called to AD or required to participate in inactive duty... theology or divinity schools. Ready Reservists participating in a military Chaplain Candidate or Theology...

  15. 32 CFR 44.4 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... may be transferred back to the Ready Reserve when the reason for the member's transfer to the Standby... or divinity school cannot be involuntarily called to AD or required to participate in inactive duty... theology or divinity schools. Ready Reservists participating in a military Chaplain Candidate or Theology...

  16. 32 CFR 44.4 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... may be transferred back to the Ready Reserve when the reason for the member's transfer to the Standby... or divinity school cannot be involuntarily called to AD or required to participate in inactive duty... theology or divinity schools. Ready Reservists participating in a military Chaplain Candidate or Theology...

  17. 32 CFR 44.4 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... may be transferred back to the Ready Reserve when the reason for the member's transfer to the Standby... or divinity school cannot be involuntarily called to AD or required to participate in inactive duty... theology or divinity schools. Ready Reservists participating in a military Chaplain Candidate or Theology...

  18. Vortex servovalve for fluidic or electrical input

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Honda, T. S.

    1972-01-01

    Proportional-pressure control servovalve consisting of fluid amplifier bellows-driven jet-pipe and two vortex valves operating in push-pull, with a pair of bellows for pressure feedback is tolerant to comtaminant particles and meets minimum standby flow requirements for applications such as rocket thruster nozzles.

  19. 42 CFR 415.55 - General payment rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... for reasonable availability services furnished for emergency rooms and the services of standby... § 415.55 General payment rules. (a) Allowable costs. Except as specified otherwise in §§ 413.102 of this chapter (concerning compensation of owners), 415.60 (concerning allocation of physician compensation costs...

  20. 42 CFR 415.55 - General payment rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... for reasonable availability services furnished for emergency rooms and the services of standby... § 415.55 General payment rules. (a) Allowable costs. Except as specified otherwise in §§ 413.102 of this chapter (concerning compensation of owners), 415.60 (concerning allocation of physician compensation costs...

  1. 14 CFR 25.25 - Weight limits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Weight limits. 25.25 Section 25.25 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS... requirement is shown, except that for airplanes equipped with standby power rocket engines the maximum weight...

  2. 14 CFR 25.25 - Weight limits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Weight limits. 25.25 Section 25.25 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS... requirement is shown, except that for airplanes equipped with standby power rocket engines the maximum weight...

  3. 47 CFR 90.415 - Prohibited uses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES PRIVATE LAND...) Render a communications common carrier service, except for stations in the Public Safety Pool providing communications standby facilities under § 90.20(a)(2)(xi) and stations licensed under this part in the SMR...

  4. CE dual-homing protection in layer 1 VPN

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Du, Shu; Peng, Yunfeng; Long, Keping

    2008-11-01

    Layer 1 VPN (L1VPN) extends the notion of VPN to the optical domain to provide virtually dedicated circuit like leased lines, so that the security is more enhanced. Despite their secure gains from channel isolation, VPNs still suffer fragilities resulting from link-failures or node-failures. Extensive activities on survivability designs for wavelength-routed optical networks are proposed, including various protection and restoration schemes, but concerns on network edge are rare. Dual-homing is an effective skill to achieve survivability gains for L1VPNs. There are two dual-homing mode: Active/Standby mode and Load-Sharing mode In this paper, we investigate the problem of PE assignment, which is the key of dual-homing design and is NP-hard. We formulate it as an integer programming problem, and propose heuristic solutions. Simulation results show that the proposed solutions work in a correct and effective way and the Load-Sharing mode has higher bandwidth efficiency than Active/Standby mode.

  5. Standby battery requirements for telecommunications power

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    May, G. J.

    The requirements for standby power for telecommunications are changing as the network moves from conventional systems to Internet Protocol (IP) telephony. These new systems require higher power levels closer to the user but the level of availability and reliability cannot be compromised if the network is to provide service in the event of a failure of the public utility. Many parts of these new networks are ac rather than dc powered with UPS systems for back-up power. These generally have lower levels of reliability than dc systems and the network needs to be designed such that overall reliability is not reduced through appropriate levels of redundancy. Mobile networks have different power requirements. Where there is a high density of nodes, continuity of service can be reasonably assured with short autonomy times. Furthermore, there is generally no requirement that these networks are the provider of last resort and therefore, specifications for continuity of power are directed towards revenue protection and overall reliability targets. As a result of these changes, battery requirements for reserve power are evolving. Shorter autonomy times are specified for parts of the network although a large part will continue to need support for hours rather minutes. Operational temperatures are increasing and battery solutions that provide longer life in extreme conditions are becoming important. Different battery technologies will be discussed in the context of these requirements. Conventional large flooded lead/acid cells both with pasted and tubular plates are used in larger central office applications but the majority of requirements are met with valve-regulated lead/acid (VRLA) batteries. The different types of VRLA battery will be described and their suitability for various applications outlined. New developments in battery construction and battery materials have improved both performance and reliability in recent years. Alternative technologies are also being proposed for telecommunications power, either different battery chemistries including lithium batteries, flywheel energy storage or the use of fuel cells. These will be evaluated and the position of lead/acid batteries in the medium term for this important market will be assessed.

  6. Burner systems

    DOEpatents

    Doherty, Brian J.

    1984-07-10

    A burner system particularly useful for downhole deployment includes a tubular combustion chamber unit housed within a tubular coolant jacket assembly. The combustion chamber unit includes a monolithic tube of refractory material whose inner surface defines the combustion zone. A metal reinforcing sleeve surrounds and extends the length of the refractory tube. The inner surface of the coolant jacket assembly and outer surface of the combustion chamber unit are dimensioned so that those surfaces are close to one another in standby condition so that the combustion chamber unit has limited freedom to expand with that expansion being stabilized by the coolant jacket assembly so that compression forces in the refractory tube do not exceed about one-half the safe compressive stress of the material; and the materials of the combustion chamber unit are selected to establish thermal gradient parameters across the combustion chamber unit to maintain the refractory tube in compression during combustion system start up and cool down sequences.

  7. The heat supply system for a self-contained dwelling house on the basis of a heat pump and wind power installation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chemekov, V. V.; Kharchenko, V. V.

    2013-03-01

    Matters concerned with setting up environmentally clean supply of heat to dwelling houses in the resort zone of the Russian Black Sea coast on the basis of air-water type heat pumps powered from wind power installations are discussed. The investigations were carried out as applied to the system supplying heat for an individual dwelling house with an area of around 300 m2 situated in the Tuapse city. The design heat load of the building's heating system is around 8.3 kW. The Viessmann Vitocal 300 AW pump is chosen as the main source of heat supply, and a 4-kW electric heater built into a storage tank is chosen as a standby source. The selected wind power installation (the EuroWind 10 unit) has a power capacity of 13 kWe.

  8. 10 CFR 218.10 - Rule.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Rule. 218.10 Section 218.10 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OIL STANDBY MANDATORY INTERNATIONAL OIL ALLOCATION Supply Orders § 218.10 Rule. (a) Upon the determination by the President that an international energy supply emergency exists, firms engaged in producing...

  9. Flying Standby

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Keels, Crystal L.

    2005-01-01

    The plight of graduate assistants in the academy has repeatedly made headlines in recent years. Low pay, long hours, numerous teaching responsibilities and few if any health benefits have led these students to strategize, and in some cases unionize, to improve their working conditions. But many of these teaching assistants have discovered that…

  10. Capital: beyond the tried and true.

    PubMed

    Carpenter, Dave

    2005-06-01

    The old standbys remain by far the financing vehicles of choice for hospitals. But other, less traditional methods are gaining a foothold as not-for-profit hospitals look elsewhere--usually the corporate world--for successful precedents that can help fund big projects without leaving a bad financial aftertaste.

  11. Pulse generator using transistors and silicon controlled rectifiers produces high current pulses with fast rise and fall times

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Woolfson, M. G.

    1966-01-01

    Electrical pulse generator uses power transistors and silicon controlled rectifiers for producing a high current pulse having fast rise and fall times. At quiescent conditions, the standby power consumption of the circuit is equal to zero.

  12. Palmar pressure distribution during push-up exercise.

    PubMed

    Chuckpaiwong, B; Harnroongroj, T

    2009-07-01

    Doing repetitive push-ups is among the most common exercise for the upper body and shoulder stabiliser muscle strength training. However, adverse effects such as neck pain, back pain, palmar pain and wrist pain have been reported. To date, to our knowledge, palmar pressure when performing push-ups has not been previously reported. We hypothesised that various hand positions during push-ups may provide different palmar pressures. Bilateral palmar pressures were recorded in ten individual volunteers. All the subjects were set up for doing push-ups in five positions of the hand. Peak palmar pressure was recorded by Emed pressure platform system (Novel GmBH, Munich, Germany). The palm was divided into the following five anatomic regions, viz. thenar, lunate, hypothenar, metacarpals and fingers. Statistical comparison between the five positions of the hand was analysed using the analysis of variance test. A distribution of the mean peak pressure of the lunate and hypothenar areas were relatively higher than the other areas in both standby and full-elbow flexion positions. At the palmar position 30 cm wider than the shoulder width, the palmar pressure revealed significantly higher peak pressure in the lunate area in the standby and fully-flexed elbow positions (p-value is less than 0.05). At the palmar position 10 cm narrower than the shoulder width, palmar pressure showed significantly higher peak pressure in the hypothenar area only in the fully-flexed elbow position. The information regarding palmar pressures while performing push-ups in different hand positions may be used as a guideline for exercise modification, especially in injured athletes.

  13. The Mothball, Sustainment, and Proposed Reactivation of the Hypersonic Tunnel Facility (HTF) at NASA Glenn Research Center Plum Brook Station

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Thomas, Scott R.; Lee, Jinho; Stephens, John W.; Hostler, Robert W., Jr.; VonKamp, William D.

    2010-01-01

    The Hypersonic Tunnel Facility (HTF) located at the NASA Glenn Research Center s Plum Brook Station in Sandusky, Ohio, is the nation s only large-scale, non-vitiated, hypersonic propulsion test facility. The HTF, with its 4-story graphite induction heater, is capable of duplicating Mach 5, 6, and 7 flight conditions. This unique propulsion system test facility has experienced several standby and reactivation cycles. The intent of the paper is to overview the HTF capabilities to the propulsion community, present the current status of HTF, and share the lessons learned from putting a large-scale facility into mothball status for a later restart

  14. Study of fuel cell thermal control systems for advanced missions.

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Caputo, R. S.

    1972-01-01

    This study evaluated many heat rejection and thermal control concepts which could be applied to fuel cells for long term (600 hours) orbital and lunar surface missions. The concepts considered several types of radiators which utilized pumped gas, liquid and two phase working fluids and incorporated solid conduction fins as well as heat pipe (vapor chamber) fins. The comparison of the concepts was based on weight, area and other factors such as standby power, ability to accommodate heat load variation, control complexity, and meteoroid survival capability. A design selection matrix was established and an optimum (primary) and an alternate (secondary) heat rejection concept was chosen. Heat rejection techniques utilizing self-controlled heat pipe radiators dominate the results.

  15. Field Emission Cold Cathode Devices Based on Eutectic Systems

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-07-01

    8217RADC-TR-811-170 ’,Final Technical Report July 1981 FIELD EMISSION COLD CATHODE DEVICES BASED ON EUTECTIC SYSTEMS Fulmer Research Institute Ltd...and identify by block numrber) Field Emission Eutectic Systems Cold Cathode Rod Eutectics Electron Emitter Array Directionally Solidified Eutectics...Identify by block number) A survey has been made of the performance as field emission cold cathodes of selected refractory materials fabricated as

  16. Cold Plasma Welding System for Surgical Skin Closure: In Vivo Porcine Feasibility Assessment.

    PubMed

    Harats, Moti; Lam, Amnon; Maller, Michael; Kornhaber, Rachel; Haik, Josef

    2016-09-29

    Cold plasma skin welding is a novel technology that bonds skin edges through soldering without the use of synthetic materials or conventional wound approximation methods such as sutures, staples, or skin adhesives. The cold plasma welding system uses a biological solder applied to the edges of a skin incision, followed by the application of cold plasma energy. The objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility of a cold plasma welding system in approximating and fixating skin incisions compared with conventional methods and to evaluate and define optimal plasma welding parameters and histopathological tissue response in a porcine model. The cold plasma welding system (BioWeld1 System, IonMed Ltd, Yokneam, Israel) was used on porcine skin incisions using variable energy parameters. Wound healing was compared macroscopically and histologically to incisions approximated with sutures. When compared to sutured skin closure, cold plasma welding in specific system parameters demonstrated comparable and favorable wound healing results histopathologically as well as macroscopically. No evidence of epidermal damage, thermal or otherwise, was encountered in the specified parameters. Notably, bleeding, infection, and wound dehiscence were not detected at incision sites. Skin incisions welded at extreme energy parameters presented second-degree burns. Implementation of cold plasma welding has been shown to be feasible for skin closure. Initial in vivo results suggest cold plasma welding might provide equal, if not better, healing results than traditional methods of closure.

  17. Primary acquired cold urticaria.

    PubMed

    Lee, Chyh-Woei; Sheffer, Albert L

    2003-01-01

    Primary acquired cold urticaria (ACU) is the most common type of cold urticaria characterized by rapid onset of pruritic hives, swelling, and possible severe systemic reactions including hypotension and shock after cold exposure. Primary ACU is diagnosed by history of such symptoms, a positive immediate cold-contact stimulation test, and negative laboratory evaluation for underlying systemic disorders. Clinicians should be aware that patients with ACU may be susceptible to life-threatening systemic reactions especially during aquatic activities and that proper patient education is extremely important. This article reviews the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of primary ACU.

  18. A primer on clothing systems for cold-weather field work

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Denner, J.C.

    1993-01-01

    Hypothermia in cold environments can be prevented by physiological adaptation and by the proper use of cold weather clothing. The human body adjusts to cold temperature by increasing the rates of basal metabolism, specific dynamic action, and physical exercise. Heat loss is reduced by vasoconstriction. Clothing systems for cold weather reduce loss by providing insulation and protection from the elements. Satisfactory cold- weather clothing is constructed of wool fabrics or the synthetic fibers polypropylene and polyester. Outerwear suitable for cold climates is insulated with down, high-loft polyester fiberfills, or the new synthetic thin insulators. (USGS)

  19. Changes in mixed-function oxidase system in the perfused liver of the cold-acclimated rat

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Takano, T.; Miyazaki, Y.; Motohashi, Y.; Yamada, K.

    1986-09-01

    Changes in the hepatic cytochrome P-450-dependent drug-metabolizing system were studied in perfused livers obtained from cold-acclimated male Wistar rats after 30 days of cold exposure (4‡C) when using hexobarbital as a substrate. In fasted animals the cold-acclimated rats showed higher levels of hexobarbital metabolic rates compared to control rats, but there was no significant difference in fed animals. The maximum rates of hexobarbital metabolism produced by xylitol perfusion were also significantly higher in the perfused liver of cold-acclimated rats. It was concluded that the function of the cytochrome P-450 system for hexobarbital in cold-acclimated rats changed due to both an increase in the activity of the cytochrome P-450 system and to changes in regulation of the cytochrome P-450 system by the supply of reducing equivalents.

  20. 10 CFR 218.32 - Review.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Review. 218.32 Section 218.32 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OIL STANDBY MANDATORY INTERNATIONAL OIL ALLOCATION Procedures § 218.32 Review. (a) Purpose and scope. This subpart establishes the procedures for the filing of an application for review of a supply order...

  1. 12 CFR Appendix C to Part 704 - Risk-Based Capital Credit Risk-Weight Categories

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... corporate credit union must compute its risk-weighted assets for purposes of determining its capital ratios.... Depository institution means a financial institution that engages in the business of providing financial... substitute. Direct credit substitutes include: (1) Financial standby letters of credit that support financial...

  2. 47 CFR 74.432 - Licensing requirements and procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... authorized to establish standby circuits from places where official broadcasts may be made during times of... unattended in accordance with the following: (1) The station must be designed, installed, and protected so...) In cases where a series of broadcasts are to be made from the same location, portable or mobile...

  3. 47 CFR 74.432 - Licensing requirements and procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... authorized to establish standby circuits from places where official broadcasts may be made during times of... unattended in accordance with the following: (1) The station must be designed, installed, and protected so...) In cases where a series of broadcasts are to be made from the same location, portable or mobile...

  4. 47 CFR 74.432 - Licensing requirements and procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... authorized to establish standby circuits from places where official broadcasts may be made during times of... unattended in accordance with the following: (1) The station must be designed, installed, and protected so...) In cases where a series of broadcasts are to be made from the same location, portable or mobile...

  5. 47 CFR 74.432 - Licensing requirements and procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... authorized to establish standby circuits from places where official broadcasts may be made during times of... unattended in accordance with the following: (1) The station must be designed, installed, and protected so...) In cases where a series of broadcasts are to be made from the same location, portable or mobile...

  6. 41 CFR 109-1.5104 - Borrowing of personal property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...-INTRODUCTION 1.51-Personal Property Management Standards and Practices § 109-1.5104 Borrowing of personal... as In Standby should be reviewed by those receiving availability inquiries for short-term use (one... when required for short periods of time. Such transactions shall be covered by written agreements which...

  7. EPA Science Matters Newsletter: Stand-by Science: EPA Helps the Nation Be Better Prepared for Emergency Response (Published November 2013)

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Learn about the EPA guide (Selected Analytical Methods for Environmental Remediation and Recovery) that helps labs around the country quickly select the appropriate environmental testing and analysis methods to use after a wide-scale chemical event

  8. 20 CFR 332.3 - Mileage and work restrictions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mileage and work restrictions. 332.3 Section 332.3 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT MILEAGE OR WORK RESTRICTIONS AND STAND-BY OR LAY-OVER RULES § 332.3 Mileage and work...

  9. 20 CFR 332.4 - Restrictions in extra service.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Restrictions in extra service. 332.4 Section 332.4 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT MILEAGE OR WORK RESTRICTIONS AND STAND-BY OR LAY-OVER RULES § 332.4 Restrictions in extra...

  10. 75 FR 41838 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-19

    ... Institutional Coal Users;'' EIA-4, ``Weekly Coal Monitoring Report--Coke Plants'' (Standby); EIA-5, ``Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report--Coke Plants;'' EIA-6Q (Schedule Q), ``Quarterly Coal Report... Coal Consumption and Quality Report--Coke Plants) EIA proposes to make changes to the Form EIA-5 survey...

  11. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION REPORT, FRANCE COMPRESSOR PRODUCTS EMISSIONS PACKING, PHASE I REPORT

    EPA Science Inventory

    The report presents results of a Phase I test of emissions packing technology offered by France Compressor Products which is designed to reduce methane leaks from compressor rod packing when a compressor is in a standby and pressurized state. This Phase I test was executed betwee...

  12. Surprising results from a search for effective disinfectants for Tobacco mosaic virus-contaminated tools

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and four other tobamoviruses infected multiple petunia cultivars without producing obvious viral symptoms. A single cutting event on a TMV-infected plant was sufficient for transmission to many plants subsequently cut with the same clippers. A number of 'old standbys' an...

  13. 10 CFR 218.12 - Pricing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Pricing. 218.12 Section 218.12 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OIL STANDBY MANDATORY INTERNATIONAL OIL ALLOCATION Supply Orders § 218.12 Pricing. The price for oil subject to a supply order issued pursuant to this subpart shall be based on the price conditions...

  14. 7 CFR 75.42 - Sampling and sealing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... for sampling and sealing shall include the time for actual sampling and sealing, standby at the service site, travel time and actual travel costs to and from the site, and a per diem charge if the employee performing the service is paid per diem in accordance with existing travel regulations as appear...

  15. 7 CFR 75.42 - Sampling and sealing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... for sampling and sealing shall include the time for actual sampling and sealing, standby at the service site, travel time and actual travel costs to and from the site, and a per diem charge if the employee performing the service is paid per diem in accordance with existing travel regulations as appear...

  16. 7 CFR 75.42 - Sampling and sealing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... for sampling and sealing shall include the time for actual sampling and sealing, standby at the service site, travel time and actual travel costs to and from the site, and a per diem charge if the employee performing the service is paid per diem in accordance with existing travel regulations as appear...

  17. 7 CFR 75.42 - Sampling and sealing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... for sampling and sealing shall include the time for actual sampling and sealing, standby at the service site, travel time and actual travel costs to and from the site, and a per diem charge if the employee performing the service is paid per diem in accordance with existing travel regulations as appear...

  18. 7 CFR 75.42 - Sampling and sealing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... for sampling and sealing shall include the time for actual sampling and sealing, standby at the service site, travel time and actual travel costs to and from the site, and a per diem charge if the employee performing the service is paid per diem in accordance with existing travel regulations as appear...

  19. 10 CFR 950.10 - Conditional agreement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Conditional agreement. 950.10 Section 950.10 Energy....10 Conditional agreement. (a) Purpose. The Department and a sponsor may enter into a Conditional Agreement. The Department will enter into a Standby Support Contract with the first six sponsors to satisfy...

  20. 10 CFR 950.10 - Conditional agreement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Conditional agreement. 950.10 Section 950.10 Energy....10 Conditional agreement. (a) Purpose. The Department and a sponsor may enter into a Conditional Agreement. The Department will enter into a Standby Support Contract with the first six sponsors to satisfy...

  1. 10 CFR 950.41 - Monitoring/Auditing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Monitoring/Auditing. 950.41 Section 950.41 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY STANDBY SUPPORT FOR CERTAIN NUCLEAR PLANT DELAYS Audit and Investigations and Other Provisions § 950.41 Monitoring/Auditing. The Department has the right to audit any and all costs associated...

  2. Low-power integrated-circuit driver for ferrite-memory word lines

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Katz, S.

    1970-01-01

    Composite circuit uses both n-p-n bipolar and p-channel MOS transistors /BIMOS/. The BIMOS driver provides 1/ ease of integrated circuit construction, 2/ low standby power consumption, 3/ bidirectional current pulses, and 4/ current-pulse amplitudes and rise times independent of active device parameters.

  3. The African Standby Force: A Premature Enterprise Dictated by Circumstances?

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-03-23

    offer specialized units that may be useful, but would not normally form part of a brigade group. To cater for this, the AU should include them in...also contracted African commercial airlines such as Kenya Airways or Ethiopia Airlines or other foreign companies to deploy and redeploy its

  4. Power increase at first ProCure21 project.

    PubMed

    2007-06-01

    Throughout the UK, hospitals are embarking on new-build programmes to meet the needs of growing communities. However, site acreage and accommodation are often already under pressure, as Dale Power Solutions found when it was commissioned to increase standby power availability at the Friarage Hospital in Northallerton, North Yorkshire.

  5. 12 CFR 956.5 - Authorization for derivative contracts and other transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Authorization for derivative contracts and... for derivative contracts and other transactions. A Bank may enter into the following types of transactions: (a) Derivative contracts; (b) Standby letters of credit, pursuant to the requirements of part 960...

  6. 12 CFR 956.5 - Authorization for derivative contracts and other transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Authorization for derivative contracts and... for derivative contracts and other transactions. A Bank may enter into the following types of transactions: (a) Derivative contracts; (b) Standby letters of credit, pursuant to the requirements of part 960...

  7. 10 CFR 950.34 - Final claim determination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Final claim determination. 950.34 Section 950.34 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY STANDBY SUPPORT FOR CERTAIN NUCLEAR PLANT DELAYS Dispute Resolution Process § 950.34 Final claim determination. (a) If the parties reach a Final Claim Determination through mediation, or...

  8. 10 CFR 950.34 - Final claim determination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Final claim determination. 950.34 Section 950.34 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY STANDBY SUPPORT FOR CERTAIN NUCLEAR PLANT DELAYS Dispute Resolution Process § 950.34 Final claim determination. (a) If the parties reach a Final Claim Determination through mediation, or...

  9. 10 CFR 950.21 - Notification of covered event.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY STANDBY SUPPORT FOR CERTAIN NUCLEAR PLANT DELAYS Claims Administration Process § 950.21 Notification of covered event. (a) A sponsor shall submit in writing to the Claims Administrator a notification that a covered event has occurred that has delayed the schedule for construction or...

  10. 10 CFR 950.21 - Notification of covered event.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY STANDBY SUPPORT FOR CERTAIN NUCLEAR PLANT DELAYS Claims Administration Process § 950.21 Notification of covered event. (a) A sponsor shall submit in writing to the Claims Administrator a notification that a covered event has occurred that has delayed the schedule for construction or...

  11. 10 CFR 950.21 - Notification of covered event.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY STANDBY SUPPORT FOR CERTAIN NUCLEAR PLANT DELAYS Claims Administration Process § 950.21 Notification of covered event. (a) A sponsor shall submit in writing to the Claims Administrator a notification that a covered event has occurred that has delayed the schedule for construction or...

  12. 10 CFR 950.21 - Notification of covered event.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY STANDBY SUPPORT FOR CERTAIN NUCLEAR PLANT DELAYS Claims Administration Process § 950.21 Notification of covered event. (a) A sponsor shall submit in writing to the Claims Administrator a notification that a covered event has occurred that has delayed the schedule for construction or...

  13. 77 FR 58971 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France (Eurocopter) Helicopters

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-25

    ... prompted by flight crew reports of deviations between the displayed attitude on the attitude display screen and the independent electromechanical standby attitude indicator. The proposed actions [[Page 58972... helicopters. EASA advises that a slow drift in the roll axis on the pilot's and co-pilot's attitude display...

  14. 78 FR 20234 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-04

    ... prompted by flight crew reports of deviations between the displayed attitude on the attitude display screen and the independent electromechanical standby attitude indicator. The actions of this AD are intended... helicopters. EASA advises that a slow drift in the roll axis on the pilot's and co-pilot's attitude display...

  15. Hydrologic monitoring of a waste-injection well near Milton, Florida, June 1975 - December 1976

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Pascale, Charles A.; Martin, J.B.

    1977-01-01

    Hydraulic and chemical data were collected through a monitoring program conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey at an industrial liquid-waste injection site 6 mi southwest of Milton, Fla., in Santa Rosa County. The injection system is described. Data include injection rates, volumes, and pressures; water-level data at three monitor wells and a standby injection well, and field and laboratory analyses of water samples from four wells. Hydraulic and geochemical effects of the waste-injection system at the plant as of December 31, 1976, have been detected only in the injection zone, the lower limestone of the Floridan aquifer. Increased pressures are evident at the three wells used to monitor the injection zone. Geochemical changes have been noted only at the deep-test monitor well closest to the injection well. (Woodard-USGS)

  16. Analysis of a new phase and height algorithm in phase measurement profilometry

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bian, Xintian; Zuo, Fen; Cheng, Ju

    2018-04-01

    Traditional phase measurement profilometry adopts divergent illumination to obtain the height distribution of a measured object accurately. However, the mapping relation between reference plane coordinates and phase distribution must be calculated before measurement. Data are then stored in a computer in the form of a data sheet for standby applications. This study improved the distribution of projected fringes and deducted the phase-height mapping algorithm when the two pupils of the projection and imaging systems are of unequal heights and when the projection and imaging axes are on different planes. With the algorithm, calculating the mapping relation between reference plane coordinates and phase distribution prior to measurement is unnecessary. Thus, the measurement process is simplified, and the construction of an experimental system is made easy. Computer simulation and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the method.

  17. Responses of sympathetic nervous system to cold exposure in vibration syndrome subjects and age-matched healthy controls.

    PubMed

    Nakamoto, M

    1990-01-01

    Plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine in vibration syndrome subjects and age-matched healthy controls were measured for the purpose of estimating the responsibility of the sympathetic nervous system to cold exposure. In preliminary experiment, it was confirmed that cold air exposure of the whole body was more suitable than one-hand immersion in cold water. In the main experiment, 195 subjects were examined. Sixty-five subjects had vibration syndrome with vibration-induced white finger (VWF + group) and 65 subjects had vibration syndrome without VWF (VWF- group) and 65 controls had no symptoms (control group). In the three groups, plasma norepinephrine levels increased during cold air exposure of whole body at 7 degrees +/- 1.5 degrees C. Blood pressure increased and skin temperature decreased during cold exposure. Percent increase of norepinephrine in the VWF+ group was the highest while that in VWF- group followed and that in the control group was the lowest. This whole-body response of the sympathetic nervous system to cold conditions reflected the VWF which are characteristic symptoms of vibration syndrome. Excluding the effects of shivering and a cold feeling under cold conditions, it was confirmed that the sympathetic nervous system in vibration syndrome is activated more than in the controls. These results suggest that vibration exposure to hand and arm affects the sympathetic nervous system.

  18. On-Demand Sensor Node Wake-Up Using Solar Panels and Visible Light Communication

    PubMed Central

    Carrascal, Carolina; Demirkol, Ilker; Paradells, Josep

    2016-01-01

    To significantly reduce, or eliminate completely, the energy waste caused by the standby (idle) mode of wireless sensor nodes, we propose a novel on-demand wake-up system, which allows the nodes to be put into sleep mode unless their activation is truly necessary. Although there have been many studies proposing RF-based wake-up radio systems, in this work, we develop the first visible light communication (VLC)-based wake-up system. The developed system can extend the existing VLC systems and can be exploited to derive new application areas such as VLC tags. The system uses an off-the-shell indoor solar panel as receptor device of the wake-up signal as well as for energy harvesting purposes, through which it is able to harvest enough energy for its autonomous work. The design, implementation details and the experimental evaluation results are presented, which include flickering characterization and wake-up range evaluations. The results show that the developed system achieve reasonable wake-up distances for indoor environments, mainly where the use of VLC systems are considered. PMID:27011190

  19. On-Demand Sensor Node Wake-Up Using Solar Panels and Visible Light Communication.

    PubMed

    Carrascal, Carolina; Demirkol, Ilker; Paradells, Josep

    2016-03-22

    To significantly reduce, or eliminate completely, the energy waste caused by the standby (idle) mode of wireless sensor nodes, we propose a novel on-demand wake-up system, which allows the nodes to be put into sleep mode unless their activation is truly necessary. Although there have been many studies proposing RF-based wake-up radio systems, in this work, we develop the first visible light communication (VLC)-based wake-up system. The developed system can extend the existing VLC systems and can be exploited to derive new application areas such as VLC tags. The system uses an off-the-shell indoor solar panel as receptor device of the wake-up signal as well as for energy harvesting purposes, through which it is able to harvest enough energy for its autonomous work. The design, implementation details and the experimental evaluation results are presented, which include flickering characterization and wake-up range evaluations. The results show that the developed system achieve reasonable wake-up distances for indoor environments, mainly where the use of VLC systems are considered.

  20. FPGA-based prototype storage system with phase change memory

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Gezi; Chen, Xiaogang; Chen, Bomy; Li, Shunfen; Zhou, Mi; Han, Wenbing; Song, Zhitang

    2016-10-01

    With the ever-increasing amount of data being stored via social media, mobile telephony base stations, and network devices etc. the database systems face severe bandwidth bottlenecks when moving vast amounts of data from storage to the processing nodes. At the same time, Storage Class Memory (SCM) technologies such as Phase Change Memory (PCM) with unique features like fast read access, high density, non-volatility, byte-addressability, positive response to increasing temperature, superior scalability, and zero standby leakage have changed the landscape of modern computing and storage systems. In such a scenario, we present a storage system called FLEET which can off-load partial or whole SQL queries to the storage engine from CPU. FLEET uses an FPGA rather than conventional CPUs to implement the off-load engine due to its highly parallel nature. We have implemented an initial prototype of FLEET with PCM-based storage. The results demonstrate that significant performance and CPU utilization gains can be achieved by pushing selected query processing components inside in PCM-based storage.

  1. Performance and Health Test Procedure for Grid Energy Storage Systems: Preprint

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Baggu, Murali M; Smith, Kandler A; Friedl, Andrew

    A test procedure to evaluate the performance and health of field installations of grid-connected battery energy storage systems (BESS) is described. Performance and health metrics captured in the procedures are: Round-trip efficiency, Standby losses, Response time/accuracy, and Useable Energy/ State of Charge at different discharge/charge rates over the system's lifetime. The procedures are divided into Reference Performance Tests, which require the system to be put in a test mode and are to be conducted in intervals, and Real-time Monitoring tests, which collect data during normal operation without interruption. The procedures can be applied on a wide array of BESS withmore » little modifications and can thus support BESS operators in the management of BESS field installations with minimal interruption and expenditures.can be applied on a wide array of BESS with little modifications and can thus support BESS operators in the management of BESS field installations with minimal interruption and expenditures.« less

  2. Trace Assessment for BWR ATWS Analysis

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cheng, L.Y.; Diamond, D.; Arantxa Cuadra, Gilad Raitses, Arnold Aronson

    2010-04-22

    A TRACE/PARCS input model has been developed in order to be able to analyze anticipated transients without scram (ATWS) in a boiling water reactor. The model is based on one developed previously for the Browns Ferry reactor for doing loss-of-coolant accident analysis. This model was updated by adding the control systems needed for ATWS and a core model using PARCS. The control systems were based on models previously developed for the TRAC-B code. The PARCS model is based on information (e.g., exposure and moderator density (void) history distributions) obtained from General Electric Hitachi and cross sections for GE14 fuel obtainedmore » from an independent source. The model is able to calculate an ATWS, initiated by the closure of main steam isolation valves, with recirculation pump trip, water level control, injection of borated water from the standby liquid control system and actuation of the automatic depres-surization system. The model is not considered complete and recommendations are made on how it should be improved.« less

  3. 41 CFR 109-43.5002 - Reviews to determine need for retaining items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... REGULATIONS UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL 43-UTILIZATION OF PERSONAL PROPERTY 43.50-Utilization of Personal.... Procedures and practices shall require an initial review at the time the plant is placed in standby to... special reviews when a change in start-up time is made or when circumstances warrant. Such procedures...

  4. 41 CFR 109-43.5002 - Reviews to determine need for retaining items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... REGULATIONS UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL 43-UTILIZATION OF PERSONAL PROPERTY 43.50-Utilization of Personal.... Procedures and practices shall require an initial review at the time the plant is placed in standby to... special reviews when a change in start-up time is made or when circumstances warrant. Such procedures...

  5. 24 CFR 3280.707 - Heat producing appliances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... have a flue loss of not more than 25 percent, and a thermal efficiency of not less than that specified... efficiency. (1) All automatic electric storage water heaters installed in manufactured homes shall have a standby loss not exceeding 43 watts/meter2 (4 watts/ft2) of tank surface area. The method of test for...

  6. On Standby? A Comparison of Online and Offline Witnesses to Bullying and Their Bystander Behaviour

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Quirk, Roslynn; Campbell, Marilyn

    2015-01-01

    Given their ubiquitous presence as witnesses to school-yard bullying, the role of the "bystander" has been studied extensively. The prevalence and behaviour of bystanders to "cyberbullying," however, is less understood. In an anonymous, school-based questionnaire, 716 secondary school students from South-East Queensland…

  7. 12 CFR 337.2 - Standby letters of credit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... repay money borrowed by or advanced to or for the account of the account party, or (2) to make payment... obligation. 1 The term similar arrangement includes the creation of an acceptance or similar undertaking. 1... issuer, which do not “guaranty” payment of a money obligation of the account party and which do not...

  8. 75 FR 64621 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedures for Residential Furnaces and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-20

    ... and oil-fired furnaces and boilers consume both fossil fuel and electricity. Electric furnaces and boilers only consume electricity. In this test procedure, fossil-fuel energy consumption is accounted for comprehensively over a full-year cycle, thereby satisfying EISA 2007 requirements for fossil-fuel standby mode and...

  9. 77 FR 74559 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedures for Residential Water Heaters...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-17

    ... fossil fuel as applicable to a given water heater. Specifically, the standby loss testing in the existing... important to note that fossil-fueled direct heating equipment and pool heaters typically consume both fossil... procedures for direct heating equipment, fossil-fuel energy consumption is accounted for comprehensively over...

  10. 75 FR 52892 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedures for Residential Water Heaters...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-30

    .... Treatment of Fossil-Fuel Consumption in Existing Test Procedures for Fossil-Fuel Vented Heaters 2. Specific.... Proposed Test Procedure Amendments for Pool Heaters 1. Treatment of Fossil-Fuel Consumption in Existing.... Fossil-fuel standby mode and off mode energy use is already integrated into the vented [[Page 52895...

  11. 76 FR 72332 - Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Microwave Ovens

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-23

    ... Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Microwave Ovens AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and.... Department of Energy (DOE) published an interim final rule on March 9, 2011, amending its test procedures for... standby mode and off mode power use by microwave ovens. Those amendments incorporated into the DOE test...

  12. 76 FR 971 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedures for Clothes Dryers and Room...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-06

    ... clarify application of these provisions for measuring standby mode and off mode power consumption in.... Measures of Energy Consumption a. Clothes Dryers b. Room Air Conditioners C. Clothes Dryer and Room Air... the Per-Cycle Gas Dryer Continuously Burning Pilot Light Gas Energy Consumption 9. Clarification of...

  13. It's Hard Saying Goodbye to an Old Flame

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Roy, Ken

    2004-01-01

    As heat sources go, the old standby for elementary and middle school science laboratories has been the centuries old alcohol lamp. Unfortunately, this inexpensive heat producer has been a continuous source of accidents--many of which are relatively serious. Hot plates are emerging as the most popular source of heat for science experiments. The…

  14. 78 FR 36315 - Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Standby Mode and Off Mode for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-17

    ... publicly available, such as information that is exempt from public disclosure. A link to the docket Web.... The regulations.gov Web page will contain simple instructions on how to access all documents...: (202) 287-6307. Email: [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Table of Contents I. Summary...

  15. 20 CFR 332.3 - Mileage and work restrictions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Mileage and work restrictions. 332.3 Section... INSURANCE ACT MILEAGE OR WORK RESTRICTIONS AND STAND-BY OR LAY-OVER RULES § 332.3 Mileage and work... solely because of the application to him of a mileage or work restriction agreed upon in a written...

  16. 76 FR 61999 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedures for Residential Furnaces and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-06

    ... for Residential Furnaces and Boilers (Standby Mode and Off Mode); Correction AGENCY: Office of Energy... Consumer Products: Test Procedures for Residential Furnaces and Boilers. This correction provides the... page 56339, in the third column after ``2. E- mail:'' the e-mail address should read `` FurnaceBoiler...

  17. Will the Establishment of USAFRICOM Compliment or Compete with African Standby Force

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-01-01

    Analysis, 3 May. Available at <www.cfr.org/publication/ 13255 />. Accessed on 21 September 2009. 29 Malan, Mark (2007) ‗AFRICOM: A Wolf in Sheep‘s...publication/ 13255 />. Malan, Mark (2007) ‗AFRICOM: A Wolf in Sheep‘s Clothing‘, Testimony by Mark Malan, Refugees International, before the

  18. 32 CFR 584.6 - Procedures governing nonactive duty or discharged personnel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... units under his or her control. (See AR 140-1, para 1-6.) (iii) Commander, RCPAC for nonunit members assigned to Control Groups of the Ready Reserve, Standby Reserve, and Retired Reserve. (3) The officials... delivery. (ii) That the military department does not control the personal affairs of nonactive duty...

  19. 32 CFR 584.6 - Procedures governing nonactive duty or discharged personnel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... under his or her control. (See AR 140-1, para 1-6.) (iii) Commander, RCPAC for nonunit members assigned to Control Groups of the Ready Reserve, Standby Reserve, and Retired Reserve. (3) The officials cited... delivery. (ii) That the military department does not control the personal affairs of nonactive duty...

  20. 32 CFR 513.5 - Procedures governing nonactive duty or discharged personnel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... commander concerned for Ready Reservists assigned to troop program units under their control. (See AR 140-1, para 1-6.) (iii) ARPERCEN for nonunit soldiers assigned to Control Groups of the Ready Reserve, Standby... method of delivery. (ii) That the military department does not control the personal affairs of nonactive...

  1. 32 CFR 584.6 - Procedures governing nonactive duty or discharged personnel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... under his or her control. (See AR 140-1, para 1-6.) (iii) Commander, RCPAC for nonunit members assigned to Control Groups of the Ready Reserve, Standby Reserve, and Retired Reserve. (3) The officials cited... delivery. (ii) That the military department does not control the personal affairs of nonactive duty...

  2. 32 CFR 513.5 - Procedures governing nonactive duty or discharged personnel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... commander concerned for Ready Reservists assigned to troop program units under their control. (See AR 140-1, para 1-6.) (iii) ARPERCEN for nonunit soldiers assigned to Control Groups of the Ready Reserve, Standby... method of delivery. (ii) That the military department does not control the personal affairs of nonactive...

  3. 32 CFR 584.6 - Procedures governing nonactive duty or discharged personnel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... units under his or her control. (See AR 140-1, para 1-6.) (iii) Commander, RCPAC for nonunit members assigned to Control Groups of the Ready Reserve, Standby Reserve, and Retired Reserve. (3) The officials... delivery. (ii) That the military department does not control the personal affairs of nonactive duty...

  4. 32 CFR 584.6 - Procedures governing nonactive duty or discharged personnel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... under his or her control. (See AR 140-1, para 1-6.) (iii) Commander, RCPAC for nonunit members assigned to Control Groups of the Ready Reserve, Standby Reserve, and Retired Reserve. (3) The officials cited... delivery. (ii) That the military department does not control the personal affairs of nonactive duty...

  5. 32 CFR 513.5 - Procedures governing nonactive duty or discharged personnel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... commander concerned for Ready Reservists assigned to troop program units under their control. (See AR 140-1, para 1-6.) (iii) ARPERCEN for nonunit soldiers assigned to Control Groups of the Ready Reserve, Standby... method of delivery. (ii) That the military department does not control the personal affairs of nonactive...

  6. 40 CFR 89.406 - Pre-test procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Pre-test procedures. 89.406 Section 89...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Exhaust Emission Test Procedures § 89.406 Pre-test procedures. (a) Allow a minimum of 30 minutes warmup in the standby or operating...

  7. 40 CFR 89.406 - Pre-test procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Pre-test procedures. 89.406 Section 89...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Exhaust Emission Test Procedures § 89.406 Pre-test procedures. (a) Allow a minimum of 30 minutes warmup in the standby or operating...

  8. 40 CFR 89.406 - Pre-test procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Pre-test procedures. 89.406 Section 89...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Exhaust Emission Test Procedures § 89.406 Pre-test procedures. (a) Allow a minimum of 30 minutes warmup in the standby or operating...

  9. 40 CFR 89.406 - Pre-test procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Pre-test procedures. 89.406 Section 89...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Exhaust Emission Test Procedures § 89.406 Pre-test procedures. (a) Allow a minimum of 30 minutes warmup in the standby or operating...

  10. 40 CFR 89.406 - Pre-test procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Pre-test procedures. 89.406 Section 89...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Exhaust Emission Test Procedures § 89.406 Pre-test procedures. (a) Allow a minimum of 30 minutes warmup in the standby or operating...

  11. 40 CFR 265.147 - Liability requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... pursuant to a draft by the trustee of the standby trust will be deposited by the issuing institution into... this section. (5) An owner or operator may meet the requirements of this section by obtaining a trust..., guarantee, letter of credit, surety bond, and trust fund, except that the owner or operator may not combine...

  12. 40 CFR 264.147 - Liability requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... pursuant to a draft by the trustee of the standby trust will be deposited by the issuing institution into... operator may meet the requirements of this section by obtaining a trust fund for liability coverage as... bond, and trust fund, except that the owner or operator may not combine a financial test covering part...

  13. 10 CFR 218.11 - Supply orders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Supply orders. 218.11 Section 218.11 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OIL STANDBY MANDATORY INTERNATIONAL OIL ALLOCATION Supply Orders § 218.11 Supply orders. (a) A supply order shall require that the firm to which it is issued take actions specified therein relating to...

  14. 10 CFR 950.37 - Final agreement or final decision.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Final agreement or final decision. 950.37 Section 950.37 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY STANDBY SUPPORT FOR CERTAIN NUCLEAR PLANT DELAYS Dispute Resolution Process § 950.37 Final agreement or final decision. (a) If the parties reach a Final Agreement on a contract...

  15. 12 CFR 225.44 - Reporting of stock loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., including an endorsement or standby letter of credit; and any other type of transaction that extends credit... that has credit outstanding to any person or group of persons, in the aggregate, which is secured... section 1(b) of the International Banking Act of 1978 (12 U.S.C. 3101). (2) Credit outstanding includes...

  16. 10 CFR 431.322 - Definitions concerning metal halide lamp ballasts and fixtures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... main functions. Ballast means a device used with an electric discharge lamp to obtain necessary circuit... purpose of controlling the ballast and putting the ballast in standby mode. Electronic ballast means a... instead starts lamps with high ballast open circuit voltage. Pulse-start metal halide ballast means an...

  17. Survey of forensic mental health experts on pro se competence after Indiana v. Edwards.

    PubMed

    Kaufman, Andrew R; Knoll, James L; Way, Bruce B; Leonard, Cecilia; Widroff, Jacob

    2011-01-01

    In Indiana v. Edwards (2008) the U.S. Supreme Court held that a higher standard may be required for pro se competence (PSC) than for competence to stand trial (CST), but provided little guidance for the trial court judge. This survey of forensic mental health experts studied potential PSC criteria. Sixty-eight (22.7%) forensic evaluators replied. Three McGarry criteria were reported as requiring a much higher standard for PSC: to appraise the available legal defenses (45.6%), to plan a legal strategy (51.5%), and to question and challenge witnesses (44.1%). Sixty percent agreed that standby counsel should be mandatory. Respondents opined that average abilities were sufficient for intelligence (77.9%), literacy (69.1%), and verbal ability (70.6%) were sufficient. PSC examiners may wish to assess appraisal of available legal defenses, planning a legal strategy, and questioning and challenging witnesses for a higher standard than CST. Evaluators should also assess the defendant's willingness to accept standby counsel (SBC) and the defendant's motivation for attempting a pro se defense.

  18. An Ultra-Low Power and Flexible Acoustic Modem Design to Develop Energy-Efficient Underwater Sensor Networks

    PubMed Central

    Sánchez, Antonio; Blanc, Sara; Yuste, Pedro; Perles, Angel; Serrano, Juan José

    2012-01-01

    This paper is focused on the description of the physical layer of a new acoustic modem called ITACA. The modem architecture includes as a major novelty an ultra-low power asynchronous wake-up system implementation for underwater acoustic transmission that is based on a low-cost off-the-shelf RFID peripheral integrated circuit. This feature enables a reduced power dissipation of 10 μW in stand-by mode and registers very low power values during reception and transmission. The modem also incorporates clear channel assessment (CCA) to support CSMA-based medium access control (MAC) layer protocols. The design is part of a compact platform for a long-life short/medium range underwater wireless sensor network. PMID:22969324

  19. An ultra-low power and flexible acoustic modem design to develop energy-efficient underwater sensor networks.

    PubMed

    Sánchez, Antonio; Blanc, Sara; Yuste, Pedro; Perles, Angel; Serrano, Juan José

    2012-01-01

    This paper is focused on the description of the physical layer of a new acoustic modem called ITACA. The modem architecture includes as a major novelty an ultra-low power asynchronous wake-up system implementation for underwater acoustic transmission that is based on a low-cost off-the-shelf RFID peripheral integrated circuit. This feature enables a reduced power dissipation of 10 μW in stand-by mode and registers very low power values during reception and transmission. The modem also incorporates clear channel assessment (CCA) to support CSMA-based medium access control (MAC) layer protocols. The design is part of a compact platform for a long-life short/medium range underwater wireless sensor network.

  20. A cross-sectional questionnaire study of the rules governing pupils' carriage of inhalers for asthma treatment in secondary schools in North East England.

    PubMed

    Funston, Wendy; Howard, Simon J

    2016-01-01

    Objectives. The primary objective of this study was to assess the rules governing secondary school pupils' carriage of inhalers for emergency treatment of asthma in the North East of England. Design. This study was based upon a postal questionnaire survey. Setting. The setting for this study was mainstream free-to-attend secondary schools which admit 16 year old pupils within the 12 Local Authority areas which make up the North East of England. Participants. All 153 schools meeting the inclusion criteria were invited to participate in the study, of which 106 (69%) took part. Main Outcome Measures. Our three main outcome measures were: whether pupils are permitted to carry inhalers on their person while at school; whether advance permission is required for pupils to carry inhalers, and from whom; and whether the school has an emergency 'standby' salbutamol inhaler for use in asthma emergencies, as permitted since October 2014 under recent amendments to The Human Medicines Regulations 2012. Results. Of 98 schools submitting valid responses to the question, 99% (n = 97) permitted pupils to carry inhalers on their person while at school; the remaining school stored pupils' inhalers in a central location within the school. A total of 22% of included schools (n = 22) required parental permission before pupils were permitted to carry inhalers. Of 102 schools submitting valid responses to the question, 44% (n = 45) had purchased a 'standby' salbutamol inhaler for use in asthma emergencies. Conclusions. Most secondary schools in North East England permit pupils to carry inhalers on their person. The requirement in a minority of schools for parental permission to be given possibly contravenes the standard ethical practices in clinical medicine for children of this age. Only a minority of schools hold a 'standby' salbutamol inhaler for use in asthma emergencies. Wider availability may improve outcomes for asthma emergencies occurring in schools.

  1. [Cold-induced urticaria].

    PubMed

    Delorme, N; Drouet, M; Thibaudeau, A; Verret, J L

    2002-09-01

    Cold urticaria is characterized by the development of urticaria, usually superficial and/or angioedematous reaction after cold contact. It was found predominantly in young women. The diagnosis is based on the history and ice cube test. Patients with a negative ice cube test may have represented systemic cold urticaria (atypical acquired cold urticaria) induced by general body cooling. The pathogenesis is poorly understood. Cold urticaria can be classified into acquired and familial disorders, with an autosomal dominant inheritance. Idiopathic cold urticaria is most common type but the research of a cryopathy is necessary. Therapy is often difficult. It is essential that the patient be warned of the dangers of swimming in cold water because systemic hypotension can occur. H1 antihistamines can be used for treatment of cold urticaria but the clinical responses are highly variable. The combination with an H2 antagonists is more effective. Doxepin may be useful in the treatment. Leukotriene receptor antagonists may be a novel, promising drug entity. In patients who do not respond to previous treatments, induction of cold tolerance may be tried.

  2. Commissioning of helium refrigeration system at JLab for 12 GeV upgrade

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ganni, Venkatarao; Dixon, Kelly D.; Knudsen, Peter N.

    The new 4.5 K refrigerator system added to the Jefferson Lab (JLab) Central Helium Liquefier (CHL) for the 12 GeV upgrade will double its previous capacity. It includes a 4.5 K cold box system and compressor system with associated oil removal and gas management systems. At its maximum capacity condition, this new system supports an additional 238 g/s 30 K 1.16 bar cold compressor return flow, a 15 g/s 4.5 K liquefaction load and a 12.6 kW 35–55 K shield load. Five more design conditions, ranging from liquefaction to refrigeration and a stand-by/reduced load state, were specified for the sizingmore » and selection of its components. The cold box system is comprised of a 300–60 K vertical cold box that incorporates a liquid nitrogen pre-cooler and a 60–4.5 K horizontal cold box housing seven turbines that are configured in four expansion stages including one Joule-Thompson expander. The helium compression system has five compressors to support three pressure levels in the cold box. This paper will briefly review the salient 4.5 K system design features and discuss the recent commissioning results.« less

  3. System and method for crystalline sheet growth using a cold block and gas jet

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kellerman, Peter L.; Mackintosh, Brian; Carlson, Frederick M.

    A crystallizer for growing a crystalline sheet from a melt may include a cold block having a cold block surface that faces an exposed surface of the melt, the cold block configured to generate a cold block temperature at the cold block surface that is lower than a melt temperature of the melt at the exposed surface. The system may also include a nozzle disposed within the cold block and configured to deliver a gas jet to the exposed surface, wherein the gas jet and the cold block are interoperative to generate a process zone that removes heat from themore » exposed surface at a first heat removal rate that is greater than a second heat removal rate from the exposed surface in outer regions outside of the process zone.« less

  4. Automation of servicibility of radio-relay station equipment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Uryev, A. G.; Mishkin, Y. I.; Itkis, G. Y.

    1985-03-01

    Automation of the serviceability of radio relay station equipment must ensure central gathering and primary processing of reliable instrument reading with subsequent display on the control panel, detection and recording of failures soon enough, advance enough warning based on analysis of detertioration symptoms, and correct remote measurement of equipment performance parameters. Such an inspection will minimize transmission losses while reducing nonproductive time and labor spent on documentation and measurement. A multichannel automated inspection system for this purpose should operate by a parallel rather than sequential procedure. Digital data processing is more expedient in this case than analog method and, therefore, analog to digital converters are required. Spepcial normal, above limit and below limit test signals provide means of self-inspection, to which must be added adequate interference immunization, stabilization, and standby power supply. Use of a microcomputer permits overall refinement and expansion of the inspection system while it minimizes though not completely eliminates dependence on subjective judgment.

  5. Performance and safety aspects of the XV-15 tilt rotor research aircraft

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wernicke, K. G.

    1977-01-01

    Aircraft performance is presented illustrating the flexibility and capability of the XV-15 to conduct its planned proof-of-concept flight research in the areas of dynamics, stability and control, and aerodynamics. Additionally, the aircraft will demonstrate mission-type performance typical of future operational aircraft. The aircraft design is described and discussed with emphasis on the safety and fail-operate features of the aircraft and its systems. Two or more levels of redundancy are provided in the dc and ac electrical systems, hydraulics, conversion, flaps, landing gear extension, SCAS, and force-feel. RPM is maintained by a hydro-electrical blade pitch governor that consists of a primary and standby governor with a cockpit wheel control for manual backup. The two engines are interconnected for operation on a single engine. In the event of total loss of power, the aircraft can enter autorotation starting from the airplane as well as the helicopter mode of flight.

  6. Malaria in the Republic of Djibouti, 1998–2009

    PubMed Central

    Ollivier, Lénaïck; Nevin, Remington L.; Darar, Houssein Y.; Bougère, Jacques; Saleh, Moustapha; Gidenne, Stéphane; Maslin, Jérôme; Anders, Dietmar; Decam, Christophe; Todesco, Alain; Khaireh, Bouh A.; Ahmed, Ammar A.

    2011-01-01

    Historically, native populations in the Republic of Djibouti have experienced only low and unstable malaria transmission and intermittent epidemics. In recent years, efforts at malaria control have been aggressively pursued. This study was performed to inform revised malaria prevention recommendations for military service members and international travelers to the country. Laboratory-confirmed cases of malaria documented at large medical facilities and within military and civilian health care systems in the Republic of Djibouti from 1998 to 2009 were reviewed. In recent years, fewer than 5% of febrile cases among the three largest passive surveillance systems were laboratory-confirmed as malaria, and incidence of confirmed malaria was well below 1/1,000 persons/year. As efforts in the Republic of Djibouti progress toward elimination, and in conjunction with continued efforts at surveillance, emphasizing mosquito-avoidance measures and standby emergency treatment will become reasonable recommendations for malaria prevention. PMID:21896822

  7. Malaria in the Republic of Djibouti, 1998-2009.

    PubMed

    Ollivier, Lénaïck; Nevin, Remington L; Darar, Houssein Y; Bougère, Jacques; Saleh, Moustapha; Gidenne, Stéphane; Maslin, Jérôme; Anders, Dietmar; Decam, Christophe; Todesco, Alain; Khaireh, Bouh A; Ahmed, Ammar A

    2011-09-01

    Historically, native populations in the Republic of Djibouti have experienced only low and unstable malaria transmission and intermittent epidemics. In recent years, efforts at malaria control have been aggressively pursued. This study was performed to inform revised malaria prevention recommendations for military service members and international travelers to the country. Laboratory-confirmed cases of malaria documented at large medical facilities and within military and civilian health care systems in the Republic of Djibouti from 1998 to 2009 were reviewed. In recent years, fewer than 5% of febrile cases among the three largest passive surveillance systems were laboratory-confirmed as malaria, and incidence of confirmed malaria was well below 1/1,000 persons/year. As efforts in the Republic of Djibouti progress toward elimination, and in conjunction with continued efforts at surveillance, emphasizing mosquito-avoidance measures and standby emergency treatment will become reasonable recommendations for malaria prevention.

  8. Enhanced optical discrimination system based on switchable retroreflective films

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Schultz, Phillip; Heikenfeld, Jason

    2016-04-01

    Reported herein is the design, characterization, and demonstration of a laser interrogation and response optical discrimination system based on large-area corner-cube retroreflective films. The switchable retroreflective films use light-scattering liquid crystal to modulate retroreflected intensity. The system can operate with multiple wavelengths (visible to infrared) and includes variable divergence optics for irradiance adjustments and ease of system alignment. The electronic receiver and switchable retroreflector offer low-power operation (<4 mW standby) on coin cell batteries with rapid interrogation to retroreflected signal reception response times (<15 ms). The entire switchable retroreflector film is <1 mm thick and is flexible for optimal placement and increased angular response. The system was demonstrated in high ambient lighting conditions (daylight, 18k lux) with a visible 10-mW output 635-nm source out to a distance of 400 m (naked eye detection). Nighttime demonstrations were performed using a 1.5-mW, 850-nm infrared laser diode out to a distance of 400 m using a night vision camera. This system could have tagging and conspicuity applications in commercial or military settings.

  9. Lunar electric power systems utilizing the SP-100 reactor coupled to dynamic conversion systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Harty, Richard B.; Durand, Richard E.

    1993-01-01

    An integration study was performed by Rocketdyne under contract to NASA-LeRC. The study was concerned with coupling an SP-0100 reactor to either a Brayton or Stirling power conversion system. The application was for a surface power system to supply power requirements to a lunar base. A power level of 550 kWe was selected based on the NASA Space Exploration Initiative 90-day study. Reliability studies were initially performed to determine optimum power conversion redundancy. This study resulted in selecting three operating engines and one stand-by unit. Integration design studies indicated that either the Brayton or Stirling power conversion systems could be integrated with the PS-100 reactor. The Stirling system had an integration advantage because of smaller piping size and fewer components. The Stirling engine, however, is more complex and heavier than the Brayton rotating unit, which tends to off-set the Stirling integration advantage. From a performance consideration, the Brayton had a 9 percent mass advantage, and the Stirling had a 50 percent radiator advantage.

  10. Evaporative cooling enhanced cold storage system

    DOEpatents

    Carr, Peter

    1991-01-01

    The invention provides an evaporatively enhanced cold storage system wherein a warm air stream is cooled and the cooled air stream is thereafter passed into contact with a cold storage unit. Moisture is added to the cooled air stream prior to or during contact of the cooled air stream with the cold storage unit to effect enhanced cooling of the cold storage unit due to evaporation of all or a portion of the added moisture. Preferably at least a portion of the added moisture comprises water condensed during the cooling of the warm air stream.

  11. Evaporative cooling enhanced cold storage system

    DOEpatents

    Carr, P.

    1991-10-15

    The invention provides an evaporatively enhanced cold storage system wherein a warm air stream is cooled and the cooled air stream is thereafter passed into contact with a cold storage unit. Moisture is added to the cooled air stream prior to or during contact of the cooled air stream with the cold storage unit to effect enhanced cooling of the cold storage unit due to evaporation of all or a portion of the added moisture. Preferably at least a portion of the added moisture comprises water condensed during the cooling of the warm air stream. 3 figures.

  12. Application study of monthly precipitation forecast in Northeast China based on the cold vortex persistence activity index

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gang, Liu; Meihui, Qu; Guolin, Feng; Qucheng, Chu; Jing, Cao; Jie, Yang; Ling, Cao; Yao, Feng

    2018-03-01

    This paper introduces three quantitative indicators to conduct research for characterizing Northeast China cold vortex persistence activity: cold vortex persistence, generalized "cold vortex," and cold vortex precipitation. As discussed in the first part of paper, a hindcast is performed by multiple regressions using Northeast China precipitation from 2012 to 2014 combination with the previous winter 144 air-sea system factors. The results show that the mentioned three cold vortex index series can reflect the spatial and temporal distributions of observational precipitation in 2012-2014 and obtain results. The cold vortex factors are then added to the Forecast System on Dynamical and Analogy Skills (FODAS) to carry out dynamic statistical hindcast of precipitation in Northeast China from 2003 to 2012. Based on the characteristics and significance of each index, precipitation hindcast is carried out for Northeast China in May, June, July, August, May-June, and July-August. It turns out that the Northeast Cold Vortex Index Series, as defined in this paper, can make positive corrections to the FODAS forecast system, and most of the index correction results are higher than the system's own correction value. This study provides quantitative index products and supplies a solid technical foundation and support for monthly precipitation forecast in Northeast China.

  13. [Development of wireless monitoring system based on Zigbee technology in blood and bacterin cold chain].

    PubMed

    Zhao, Peng; Sun, Jian-Jun; Wu, Tai-Hu

    2008-11-01

    Real-time monitoring for temperature is required in cold chain for the medical products that are sensible with temperature, such as blood and bacterin, to guarantee the quality and reduce their wastage. This wireless monitoring system in cold chain is developed with Zigbee technology. Functions such as real-time monitoring, analyzing, alarming are realized. The system boasts such characteristics as low power consumption, low cost, big capacity and high reliability, and could improve the capability of real-time monitoring and management in cold chain effectively.

  14. Keeping an Eye on Cheaters

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Briggs, Linda L.

    2013-01-01

    When it comes to secure testing online, even high-tech solutions rely on an old standby: a human proctor. This article asks the question: Is such an approach sustainable in the long run? A student labors over a midterm exam while a vigilant proctor peers over his shoulder, watching for any sign of cheating. It sounds like a tableau from a century…

  15. 10 CFR 950.14 - Standby Support Contract: Covered events, exclusions, covered delay and covered cost provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... include a provision setting forth the type of events that are covered events under the contract. The type...) Litigation in State, Federal, local, or tribal courts, including appeals of Commission decisions related to..., including but not limited to the following types of events: (i) The sponsor's failure to comply with...

  16. 9. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated October 29, 1958, ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    9. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated October 29, 1958, Giffels and Rossetti, Architects-Engineers, Detroit, in possession of Selfridge Base Museum, Mt. Clemens, Michigan. STANDBY POWER UNIT, ARCHITECTURAL, ADDITION TO BLDG, 853, SHEET 3 OF 12. - Selfridge Field, Building No. 853, North of Taxiway H, east of North-South Runway, Mount Clemens, Macomb County, MI

  17. 5. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated October 29, 1958, ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    5. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated October 29, 1958, Giffels & Rossetti, Detroit, in possession of Selfridge Base Museum, Mt. Clemens, Michigan. STANDBY GENERATOR BUILDING, ARCHITECTURAL; PLAN, ELEVATIONS, SECTION, SHEET 2 OF 12, DRAWING NO. SLF-800-045. - Selfridge Field, Building No. 98, South of East Ramp, east of Taxiway F, Mount Clemens, Macomb County, MI

  18. 16 CFR 305.5 - Determinations of estimated annual energy consumption, estimated annual operating cost, and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... procedures contained in the EnergyStar Version 4.2 test, which is comprised of the ENERGY STAR Program... and 19 hours in sleep (standby) mode per day. These ENERGY STAR requirements are incorporated by... inspected or obtained at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, ENERGY STAR Hotline (6202J...

  19. 16 CFR 305.5 - Determinations of estimated annual energy consumption, estimated annual operating cost, and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... procedures contained in the EnergyStar Version 4.2 test, which is comprised of the ENERGY STAR Program... and 19 hours in sleep (standby) mode per day. These ENERGY STAR requirements are incorporated by... inspected or obtained at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, ENERGY STAR Hotline (6202J...

  20. 16 CFR 305.5 - Determinations of estimated annual energy consumption, estimated annual operating cost, and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... procedures contained in the ENERGY STAR Version 4.2 test, which is comprised of the ENERGY STAR Program... and 19 hours in sleep (standby) mode per day. These ENERGY STAR requirements are incorporated by... inspected or obtained at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, ENERGY STAR Hotline (6202J...

  1. Disaster Response Regional Architectures: Assessing Future Possibilities

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2017-09-01

    as avian influenza and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), cybersecurity, and disaster management (Jackson, 2015). Since its inception in...Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SAR Search and Rescue SARRND SAARC Agreement on Rapid Response to Natural Disasters SARS Severe Acute ...Respiratory Syndrome SASOP Standard Operating Procedures for Regional Standby Arrangements and Coordination of Joint Disaster Relief and Emergency Response

  2. 77 FR 8525 - Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Standby Mode and Off Mode for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-14

    ... the time- series of costs and benefits into annualized values. First, DOE calculated a present value... the present value, DOE then calculated the corresponding time- series of fixed annual payments over a... does not imply that the time-series of cost and benefits from which the annualized values were...

  3. 40 CFR 86.339-79 - Pre-test procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Pre-test procedures. 86.339-79 Section... New Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel-Fueled Heavy-Duty Engines; Gaseous Exhaust Test Procedures § 86.339-79 Pre-test procedures. (a) Allow a minimum of 30 minutes warm-up in the stand-by or operating mode prior...

  4. 40 CFR 86.339-79 - Pre-test procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Pre-test procedures. 86.339-79 Section... New Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel-Fueled Heavy-Duty Engines; Gaseous Exhaust Test Procedures § 86.339-79 Pre-test procedures. (a) Allow a minimum of 30 minutes warm-up in the stand-by or operating mode prior...

  5. 40 CFR 86.339-79 - Pre-test procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Pre-test procedures. 86.339-79 Section... New Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel-Fueled Heavy-Duty Engines; Gaseous Exhaust Test Procedures § 86.339-79 Pre-test procedures. (a) Allow a minimum of 30 minutes warm-up in the stand-by or operating mode prior...

  6. 40 CFR 86.339-79 - Pre-test procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Pre-test procedures. 86.339-79 Section... New Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel-Fueled Heavy-Duty Engines; Gaseous Exhaust Test Procedures § 86.339-79 Pre-test procedures. (a) Allow a minimum of 30 minutes warm-up in the stand-by or operating mode prior...

  7. Programmed Controls for an All-Electric School.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Novak, W.J.

    1965-01-01

    Heating and ventilating equipment used in the all-electric upper Elementary School in Bedford, New Hampshire, is controlled to insure optimum comfort while the school is occupied and optimum economy of standby operation while it is not in use. A master clock programs all control functions while its mechanism drives two types of tapes--(1) a 365…

  8. 20 CFR 332.5 - Equivalent of full-time work.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true Equivalent of full-time work. 332.5 Section... INSURANCE ACT MILEAGE OR WORK RESTRICTIONS AND STAND-BY OR LAY-OVER RULES § 332.5 Equivalent of full-time work. An employee who has the equivalent of full-time work with respect to service on days within a...

  9. 20 CFR 332.5 - Equivalent of full-time work.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2014-04-01 2012-04-01 true Equivalent of full-time work. 332.5 Section... INSURANCE ACT MILEAGE OR WORK RESTRICTIONS AND STAND-BY OR LAY-OVER RULES § 332.5 Equivalent of full-time work. An employee who has the equivalent of full-time work with respect to service on days within a...

  10. 20 CFR 332.5 - Equivalent of full-time work.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Equivalent of full-time work. 332.5 Section... INSURANCE ACT MILEAGE OR WORK RESTRICTIONS AND STAND-BY OR LAY-OVER RULES § 332.5 Equivalent of full-time work. An employee who has the equivalent of full-time work with respect to service on days within a...

  11. 20 CFR 332.5 - Equivalent of full-time work.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Equivalent of full-time work. 332.5 Section... INSURANCE ACT MILEAGE OR WORK RESTRICTIONS AND STAND-BY OR LAY-OVER RULES § 332.5 Equivalent of full-time work. An employee who has the equivalent of full-time work with respect to service on days within a...

  12. 20 CFR 332.5 - Equivalent of full-time work.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Equivalent of full-time work. 332.5 Section... INSURANCE ACT MILEAGE OR WORK RESTRICTIONS AND STAND-BY OR LAY-OVER RULES § 332.5 Equivalent of full-time work. An employee who has the equivalent of full-time work with respect to service on days within a...

  13. 5 CFR 550.143 - Bases for determining positions for which premium pay under § 550.141 is authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... premium pay under § 550.141 is authorized. 550.143 Section 550.143 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PAY ADMINISTRATION (GENERAL) Premium Pay Regularly Scheduled Standby Duty Pay § 550.143 Bases for determining positions for which premium pay under § 550.141 is...

  14. 5 CFR 550.143 - Bases for determining positions for which premium pay under § 550.141 is authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... premium pay under § 550.141 is authorized. 550.143 Section 550.143 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PAY ADMINISTRATION (GENERAL) Premium Pay Regularly Scheduled Standby Duty Pay § 550.143 Bases for determining positions for which premium pay under § 550.141 is...

  15. 5 CFR 550.143 - Bases for determining positions for which premium pay under § 550.141 is authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... premium pay under § 550.141 is authorized. 550.143 Section 550.143 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PAY ADMINISTRATION (GENERAL) Premium Pay Regularly Scheduled Standby Duty Pay § 550.143 Bases for determining positions for which premium pay under § 550.141 is...

  16. 14 CFR Appendix E to Part 25 - Appendix E to Part 25

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... certificated takeoff and landing weights of an airplane equipped with a type-certificated standby power rocket engine may obtain an increase as specified in paragraph (b) if— (1) The installation of the rocket engine has been approved and it has been established by flight test that the rocket engine and its controls...

  17. 14 CFR Appendix E to Part 25 - Appendix E to Part 25

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... certificated takeoff and landing weights of an airplane equipped with a type-certificated standby power rocket engine may obtain an increase as specified in paragraph (b) if— (1) The installation of the rocket engine has been approved and it has been established by flight test that the rocket engine and its controls...

  18. 14 CFR Appendix E to Part 25 - Appendix E to Part 25

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... certificated takeoff and landing weights of an airplane equipped with a type-certificated standby power rocket engine may obtain an increase as specified in paragraph (b) if— (1) The installation of the rocket engine has been approved and it has been established by flight test that the rocket engine and its controls...

  19. 14 CFR Appendix E to Part 25 - Appendix E to Part 25

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... certificated takeoff and landing weights of an airplane equipped with a type-certificated standby power rocket engine may obtain an increase as specified in paragraph (b) if— (1) The installation of the rocket engine has been approved and it has been established by flight test that the rocket engine and its controls...

  20. 14 CFR Appendix E to Part 25 - Appendix E to Part 25

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... certificated takeoff and landing weights of an airplane equipped with a type-certificated standby power rocket engine may obtain an increase as specified in paragraph (b) if— (1) The installation of the rocket engine has been approved and it has been established by flight test that the rocket engine and its controls...

  1. 13. View north within enclosure between old and new sections ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    13. View north within enclosure between old and new sections of Armory Street Pump House. Object at is a muffler and exhaust stack for the turbine powered stand-by generator unit. - Lake Whitney Water Filtration Plant, Armory Street Pumphouse, North side of Armory Street between Edgehill Road & Whitney Avenue, Hamden, New Haven County, CT

  2. 40 CFR 280.103 - Standby trust fund.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... [date] by and between [name of the owner or operator], a [name of state] [insert “corporation,” “partnership,” “association,” or “proprietorship”], the “Grantor,” and [name of corporate trustee], [insert... [insert either “a guarantee,” “surety bond,” or “letter of credit”] to provide all or part of such...

  3. Initial Test Results of a Dual Closed-Brayton-Cycle Power Conversion System

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Johnson, Paul K.; Mason, Lee S.

    2007-01-01

    The dual Brayton power conversion system constructed for NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) was acceptance tested April 2007 at Barber-Nichols, Inc., Arvada, Colorado. This uniquely configured conversion system is built around two modified commercial Capstone C30 microturbines and employs two closed-Brayton-cycle (CBC) converters sharing a common gas inventory and common heat source. Because both CBCs share the gas inventory, behavior of one CBC has an impact on the performance of the other CBC, especially when one CBC is standby or running at a different shaft speed. Testing performed to date includes the CBCs operating at equal and unequal shaft speeds. A test was also conducted where one CBC was capped off and the other was operated as a single CBC converter. The dual Brayton configuration generated 10.6 kWe at 75 krpm and a turbine inlet temperature of 817 K. Single Brayton operation generated 14.8 kWe at 90 krpm and a turbine inlet temperature of 925 K.

  4. On modeling human reliability in space flights - Redundancy and recovery operations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aarset, M.; Wright, J. F.

    The reliability of humans is of paramount importance to the safety of space flight systems. This paper describes why 'back-up' operators might not be the best solution, and in some cases, might even degrade system reliability. The problem associated with human redundancy calls for special treatment in reliability analyses. The concept of Standby Redundancy is adopted, and psychological and mathematical models are introduced to improve the way such problems can be estimated and handled. In the past, human reliability has practically been neglected in most reliability analyses, and, when included, the humans have been modeled as a component and treated numerically the way technical components are. This approach is not wrong in itself, but it may lead to systematic errors if too simple analogies from the technical domain are used in the modeling of human behavior. In this paper redundancy in a man-machine system will be addressed. It will be shown how simplification from the technical domain, when applied to human components of a system, may give non-conservative estimates of system reliability.

  5. Redundancy allocation problem for k-out-of- n systems with a choice of redundancy strategies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aghaei, Mahsa; Zeinal Hamadani, Ali; Abouei Ardakan, Mostafa

    2017-03-01

    To increase the reliability of a specific system, using redundant components is a common method which is called redundancy allocation problem (RAP). Some of the RAP studies have focused on k-out-of- n systems. However, all of these studies assumed predetermined active or standby strategies for each subsystem. In this paper, for the first time, we propose a k-out-of- n system with a choice of redundancy strategies. Therefore, a k-out-of- n series-parallel system is considered when the redundancy strategy can be chosen for each subsystem. In other words, in the proposed model, the redundancy strategy is considered as an additional decision variable and an exact method based on integer programming is used to obtain the optimal solution of the problem. As the optimization of RAP belongs to the NP-hard class of problems, a modified version of genetic algorithm (GA) is also developed. The exact method and the proposed GA are implemented on a well-known test problem and the results demonstrate the efficiency of the new approach compared with the previous studies.

  6. Venezuela’s Changing Foreign Policy Towards the United States: A Holistic Analysis

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2001-12-01

    explanations for this change: 1) A new post -Cold War international system. 2) Antagonism produced by unpopular U.S. policies towards Venezuela. 3...States. The thesis hypothesizes four possible explanations for this change: 1) A new post - Cold War international system. 2) Unpopular U.S. policies...These include, the new post -Cold War international system, unpopular U.S. policies towards Venezuela, domestic issues within Venezuela, and

  7. Actuator stiction compensation via variable amplitude pulses.

    PubMed

    Arifin, B M S; Munaro, C J; Angarita, O F B; Cypriano, M V G; Shah, S L

    2018-02-01

    A novel model free stiction compensation scheme is developed which eliminates the oscillations and also reduces valve movement, allowing good setpoint tracking and disturbance rejection. Pulses with varying amplitude are added to the controller output to overcome stiction and when the error becomes smaller than a specified limit, the compensation ceases and remains in a standby mode. The compensation re-starts as soon as the error exceeds the user specified threshold. The ability to cope with uncertainty in friction is a feature achieved by the use of pulses of varying amplitude. The algorithm has been evaluated via simulation and by application on an industrial DCS system interfaced to a pilot scale process with features identical to those found in industry including a valve positioner. Copyright © 2018 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. Alternative Voice Switching and Control System Display Panel Format Simulation and Evaluation.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-02-01

    hear DA statusF Dvoice FW1 3 voice FUTTER , push IA, DA statue DA Status DA Ole OFF d . ot e tI .1F S A-i 5, %P*-.*~. *.S**~ S a V * C. a6 4c Cu v V V c...UU 0 C C .4. 4c c I.. lbC (W. ki a A-2o -. ... -. - J6 ’... Ii I1N INDIMIIi A0tlS tAil.|: INIIIAIt, Hilli. IrumINAT.vs At..WlUNi’|L.. I. v’enecimon...ALTERNATIVE 2 RADIO SCREEN Displayed below is a frequency pair and its legend 127.100TM 317.7 HRM .. tI I11 I If-> M-main I It S-standby I II These appear

  9. Modelling and stability analysis of switching impulsive power systems with multiple equilibria

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhu, Liying; Qiu, Jianbin; Chadli, Mohammed

    2017-12-01

    This paper tries to model power systems accompanied with a series of faults in the form of switched impulsive Hamiltonian systems (SIHSs) with multiple equilibria (ME) and unstable subsystems (US), and then analyze long-term stability issues of the power systems from the viewpoint of mathematics. According to the complex phenomena of switching actions of stages and generators, impulses of state, and existence of multiple equilibria, this paper first introduces an SIHS with ME and US to formulate a switching impulsive power system composed of an active generator, a standby generator, and an infinite load. Then, based on special system structures, a unique compact region containing all ME is determined, and novel stability concepts of region stability (RS), asymptotic region stability (ARS), and exponential region stability (ERS) are defined for such SIHS with respect to the region. Third, based on the introduced stability concepts, this paper proposes a necessary and sufficient condition of RS and ARS and a sufficient condition of ERS for the power system with respect to the region via the maximum energy function method. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out for a power system to show the effectiveness and practicality of the obained novel results.

  10. Vehicle capture system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tacke, Kenneth L.

    1998-12-01

    Primex Aerospace Company, under contract with the U.S. Army Armament Research Development & Engineering Center (ARDEC), has developed a portable vehicle capture system for use at vehicle checkpoints. Currently when a vehicle does not stop at a checkpoint, there are three possible reactions: let the vehicle go unchallenged, pursue the vehicle or stop the vehicle with lethal force. This system provides a non-lethal alternative that will stop and contain the vehicle. The system is completely portable with the heaviest component weighing less than 120 pounds. It can be installed with no external electrical power or permanent anchors required. In its standby mode, the system does not impede normal traffic, but on command erects a barrier in less than 1.5 seconds. System tests have been conducted using 5,100 and 8.400 pound vehicles, traveling at speeds up to 45 mph. The system is designed to minimize vehicle damage and occupant injury, typically resulting in deceleration forces of less than 2.5 gs on the vehicle. According to the drivers involved in tests at 45 mph, the stopping forces feel similar to a panic stop with the vehicle brakes locked. The system is completely reusable and be rapidly reset.

  11. 20 CFR 332.6 - Standing by for and laying over between regularly assigned trips or tours of duty.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Standing by for and laying over between regularly assigned trips or tours of duty. 332.6 Section 332.6 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT MILEAGE OR WORK RESTRICTIONS AND STAND-BY OR LAY...

  12. 5 CFR 551.432 - Sleep time.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... amount of bona fide sleep and meal time that may be excluded from hours of work may not exceed 8 hours in... considered hours of work. (e) On-duty sleep and meal time during regularly scheduled hours for which standby... firefighters compensated under 5 U.S.C. 5545b, on-duty sleep and meal time may not be excluded from hours of...

  13. 5 CFR 551.432 - Sleep time.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... amount of bona fide sleep and meal time that may be excluded from hours of work may not exceed 8 hours in... considered hours of work. (e) On-duty sleep and meal time during regularly scheduled hours for which standby... firefighters compensated under 5 U.S.C. 5545b, on-duty sleep and meal time may not be excluded from hours of...

  14. Impact of Middle School Student Energy Monitoring Activities on Climate Change Beliefs and Intentions

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Christensen, Rhonda; Knezek, Gerald

    2018-01-01

    The Going Green! Middle Schoolers Out to Save the World project aims to direct middle school students' enthusiasm for hands-on activities toward interest in science and other STEM areas while guiding them to solve real-world problems. Students in this project are taught by their teachers to use energy monitoring equipment to audit standby power…

  15. 5 CFR 550.143 - Bases for determining positions for which premium pay under § 550.141 is authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Bases for determining positions for which... Standby Duty Pay § 550.143 Bases for determining positions for which premium pay under § 550.141 is... isolation, or solely because the employee lives on the grounds. (2) The hours during which the requirement...

  16. 5 CFR 550.143 - Bases for determining positions for which premium pay under § 550.141 is authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Bases for determining positions for which... Standby Duty Pay § 550.143 Bases for determining positions for which premium pay under § 550.141 is... isolation, or solely because the employee lives on the grounds. (2) The hours during which the requirement...

  17. 10. View south at base of smokestack. Note monitor roof ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    10. View south at base of smokestack. Note monitor roof and laboratory on filtration bed at rear of photograph. (Across Armory Street). Cylindrical object at lower center is a muffler for the turbine powered stand-by generator unit. - Lake Whitney Water Filtration Plant, Armory Street Pumphouse, North side of Armory Street between Edgehill Road & Whitney Avenue, Hamden, New Haven County, CT

  18. 10 CFR 431.324 - Uniform test method for the measurement of energy efficiency and standby mode energy consumption...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... extinguishing the lamp is impossible or for low-frequency electronic ballasts, the following alternative... (V), and current, using an ammeter (A) connected to the ballast in accordance with the circuit shown... ballast in accordance with the circuit shown in Figure 2. ER09MR10.006 (iii) Power Line Carrier (PLC...

  19. 10 CFR 431.324 - Uniform test method for the measurement of energy efficiency and standby mode energy consumption...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... extinguishing the lamp is impossible or for low-frequency electronic ballasts, the following alternative... (V), and current, using an ammeter (A) connected to the ballast in accordance with the circuit shown... ballast in accordance with the circuit shown in Figure 2. ER09MR10.006 (iii) Power Line Carrier (PLC...

  20. 10 CFR 431.324 - Uniform test method for the measurement of energy efficiency and standby mode energy consumption...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... extinguishing the lamp is impossible or for low-frequency electronic ballasts, the following alternative... (V), and current, using an ammeter (A) connected to the ballast in accordance with the circuit shown... ballast in accordance with the circuit shown in Figure 2. ER09MR10.006 (iii) Power Line Carrier (PLC...

  1. Utilization of the organ care system as ex-vivo lung perfusion after cold storage transportation.

    PubMed

    Mohite, P N; Maunz, O; Popov, A-F; Zych, B; Patil, N P; Simon, A R

    2015-11-01

    The Organ Care System (OCS) allows perfusion and ventilation of the donor lungs under physiological conditions. Ongoing trials to compare preservation with OCS Lung with standard cold storage do not include donor lungs with suboptimal gas exchange and donor lungs treated with OCS following cold storage transportation. We present a case of a 48-yr-old man who received such lungs after cold storage transportation treated with ex-vivo lung perfusion utilizing OCS. © The Author(s) 2015.

  2. Thermal imaging for cold air flow visualisation and analysis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Grudzielanek, M.; Pflitsch, A.; Cermak, J.

    2012-04-01

    In this work we present first applications of a thermal imaging system for animated visualization and analysis of cold air flow in field studies. The development of mobile thermal imaging systems advanced very fast in the last decades. The surface temperature of objects, which is detected with long-wave infrared radiation, affords conclusions in different problems of research. Modern thermal imaging systems allow infrared picture-sequences and a following data analysis; the systems are not exclusive imaging methods like in the past. Thus, the monitoring and analysing of dynamic processes became possible. We measured the cold air flow on a sloping grassland area with standard methods (sonic anemometers and temperature loggers) plus a thermal imaging system measuring in the range from 7.5 to 14µm. To analyse the cold air with the thermal measurements, we collected the surface infrared temperatures at a projection screen, which was located in cold air flow direction, opposite the infrared (IR) camera. The intention of using a thermal imaging system for our work was: 1. to get a general idea of practicability in our problem, 2. to assess the value of the extensive and more detailed data sets and 3. to optimise visualisation. The results were very promising. Through the possibility of generating time-lapse movies of the image sequences in time scaling, processes of cold air flow, like flow waves, turbulence and general flow speed, can be directly identified. Vertical temperature gradients and near-ground inversions can be visualised very well. Time-lapse movies will be presented. The extensive data collection permits a higher spatial resolution of the data than standard methods, so that cold air flow attributes can be explored in much more detail. Time series are extracted from the IR data series, analysed statistically, and compared to data obtained using traditional systems. Finally, we assess the usefulness of the additional measurement of cold air flow with thermal imaging systems.

  3. Cold chain monitoring during cold transportation of human corneas for transplantation.

    PubMed

    Net, M; Trias, E; Navarro, A; Ruiz, A; Diaz, P; Fontenla, J R; Manyalich, M

    2003-08-01

    As recommended by international standards the cornea should be maintained in a specific temperature range (2 degrees -8 degrees C) to guarantee its viability. However, there is no standard packaging method to maintain these conditions during transport. Our packaging system is similar to those used by the main eye banks in Spain and elsewhere in Europe. The objective is to monitor the cold chain in the current packaging method to validate the maintenance of temperature within the adequate range for a minimum 24-hour period. The effects of the following variables were studied: number and freezing temperature of the cold packs; air volume in the packaging system; position of the cornea in the packaging system; and the wall section of the container. Exterior temperature was maintained constant at 20 degrees to 24 degrees C. The cold chain was monitored using a device that measures temperature continuously and for which a histogram of temperature variation can be downloaded to a computer for further analysis. When the cold packs were frozen to -40 degrees C or the number of cold packs increased to four, the temperature decreased quickly to 0 degrees C and the transport period was not prolonged. The main objective was to improve isolation by reducing inner air volume, and maintaining the position of the cornea in the container. The currently used cold packaging systems (not frozen, 4 degrees C) do not maintain the temperature within the accepted range for the required distribution period. The improved system maintains the cornea at between 2 degrees C and 6 degrees C for a minimum of 24 hours.

  4. Optimization of Domestic-Size Renewable Energy System Designs Suitable for Cold Climate Regions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Akpan, Itoro Etim; Sasaki, Masafumi; Endoh, Noboru

    Five different kinds of domestic-size renewable energy system configurations for very cold climate regions were investigated. From detailed numerical modeling and system simulations, it was found that the consumption of fuel oil for the auxiliary boiler in residential-type households can almost be eliminated with a renewable energy system that incorporates photovoltaic panel arrays for electricity generation and two storage tanks: a well-insulated electric water storage tank that services the hot water loads, and a compact boiler/geothermal heat pump tank for room heating during very cold seasons. A reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) of about 28% was achieved for this system compared to an equivalent conventional system. The near elimination of the use of fuel oil in this system makes it very promising for very cold climate regions in terms of energy savings because the running cost is not so dependent on the unstable nature of global oil prices.

  5. The Potential of Cold Plasma for Safe and Sustainable Food Production.

    PubMed

    Bourke, Paula; Ziuzina, Dana; Boehm, Daniela; Cullen, Patrick J; Keener, Kevin

    2018-06-01

    Cold plasma science and technology is increasingly investigated for translation to a plethora of issues in the agriculture and food sectors. The diversity of the mechanisms of action of cold plasma, and the flexibility as a standalone technology or one that can integrate with other technologies, provide a rich resource for driving innovative solutions. The emerging understanding of the longer-term role of cold plasma reactive species and follow-on effects across a range of systems will suggest how cold plasma may be optimally applied to biological systems in the agricultural and food sectors. Here we present the current status, emerging issues, regulatory context, and opportunities of cold plasma with respect to the broad stages of primary and secondary food production. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. Ultra-Compact Accelerator Technologies for Application in Nuclear Techniques

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sampayan, S.; Caporaso, G.; Chen, Y.-J.; Carazo, V.; Falabella, S.; Guethlein, G.; Guse, S.; Harris, J. R.; Hawkins, S.; Holmes, C.; Krogh, M.; Nelson, S.; Paul, A. C.; Pearson, D.; Poole, B.; Schmidt, R.; Sanders, D.; Selenes, K.; Sitaraman, S.; Sullivan, J.; Wang, L.; Watson, J.

    2009-12-01

    We report on compact accelerator technology development for potential use as a pulsed neutron source quantitative post verifier. The technology is derived from our on-going compact accelerator technology development program for radiography under the US Department of Energy and for a clinic sized compact proton therapy systems under an industry sponsored Cooperative Research and Development Agreement. The accelerator technique relies on the synchronous discharge of a prompt pulse generating stacked transmission line structure with the beam transit. The goal of this technology is to achieve ˜10 MV/m gradients for 10 s of nanoseconds pulses and ˜100 MV/m gradients for ˜1 ns systems. As a post verifier for supplementing existing x-ray equipment, this system can remain in a charged, stand-by state with little or no energy consumption. We describe the progress of our overall component development effort with the multilayer dielectric wall insulators (i.e., the accelerator wall), compact power supply technology, kHz repetition-rate surface flashover ion sources, and the prompt pulse generation system consisting of wide-bandgap switches and high performance dielectric materials.

  7. Infrared (IR) photon-sensitive spectromicroscopy in a cryogenic environment

    DOEpatents

    Pereverzev, Sergey

    2016-06-14

    A system designed to suppress thermal radiation background and to allow IR single-photon sensitive spectromicroscopy of small samples by using both absorption, reflection, and emission/luminescence measurements. The system in one embodiment includes: a light source; a plurality of cold mirrors configured to direct light along a beam path; a cold or warm sample holder in the beam path; windows of sample holder (or whole sample holder) are transparent in a spectral region of interest, so they do not emit thermal radiation in the same spectral region of interest; a cold monochromator or other cold spectral device configured to direct a selected fraction of light onto a cold detector; a system of cold apertures and shields positioned along the beam path to prevent unwanted thermal radiation from arriving at the cold monochromator and/or the detector; a plurality of optical, IR and microwave filters positioned along the beam path and configured to adjust a spectral composition of light incident upon the sample under investigation and/or on the detector; a refrigerator configured to maintain the detector at a temperature below 1.0K; and an enclosure configured to: thermally insulate the light source, the plurality of mirrors, the sample holder, the cold monochromator and the refrigerator.

  8. Cardiovascular function, compliance, and connective tissue remodeling in the turtle, Trachemys scripta, following thermal acclimation

    PubMed Central

    Keen, Adam N.; Crossley, Dane A.

    2016-01-01

    Low temperature directly alters cardiovascular physiology in freshwater turtles, causing bradycardia, arterial hypotension, and a reduction in systemic blood pressure. At the same time, blood viscosity and systemic resistance increase, as does sensitivity to cardiac preload (e.g., via the Frank-Starling response). However, the long-term effects of these seasonal responses on the cardiovascular system are unclear. We acclimated red-eared slider turtles to a control temperature (25°C) or to chronic cold (5°C). To differentiate the direct effects of temperature from a cold-induced remodeling response, all measurements were conducted at the control temperature (25°C). In anesthetized turtles, cold acclimation reduced systemic resistance by 1.8-fold and increased systemic blood flow by 1.4-fold, resulting in a 2.3-fold higher right to left (R-L; net systemic) cardiac shunt flow and a 1.8-fold greater shunt fraction. Following a volume load by bolus injection of saline (calculated to increase stroke volume by 5-fold, ∼2.2% of total blood volume), systemic resistance was reduced while pulmonary blood flow and systemic pressure increased. An increased systemic blood flow meant the R-L cardiac shunt was further pronounced. In the isolated ventricle, passive stiffness was increased following cold acclimation with 4.2-fold greater collagen deposition in the myocardium. Histological sections of the major outflow arteries revealed a 1.4-fold higher elastin content in cold-acclimated animals. These results suggest that cold acclimation alters cardiac shunting patterns with an increased R-L shunt flow, achieved through reducing systemic resistance and increasing systemic blood flow. Furthermore, our data suggests that cold-induced cardiac remodeling may reduce the stress of high cardiac preload by increasing compliance of the vasculature and decreasing compliance of the ventricle. Together, these responses could compensate for reduced systolic function at low temperatures in the slider turtle. PMID:27101300

  9. Thermal welding vs. cold knife tonsillectomy: a comparison of voice and speech.

    PubMed

    Celebi, Saban; Yelken, Kursat; Celik, Oner; Taskin, Umit; Topak, Murat

    2011-01-01

    To compare acoustic, aerodynamic and perceptual voice and speech parameters in thermal welding system tonsillectomy and cold knife tonsillectomy patients in order to determine the impact of operation technique on voice and speech. Thirty tonsillectomy patients (22 children, 8 adults) participated in this study. The preferred technique was cold knife tonsillectomy in 15 patients and thermal welding system tonsillectomy in the remaining 15 patients. One week before and 1 month after surgery the following parameters were estimated: average of fundamental frequency, Jitter, Shimmer, harmonic to noise ratio, formant frequency analyses of sustained vowels. Perceptual speech analysis and aerodynamic measurements (maximum phonation time and s/z ratio) were also conducted. There was no significant difference in any of the parameters between cold knife tonsillectomy and thermal welding system tonsillectomy groups (p>0.05). When the groups were contrasted among themselves with regards to preoperative and postoperative rates, fundamental frequency was found to be significantly decreased after tonsillectomy in both of the groups (p<0.001). First formant for the vowel /a/ in the cold knife tonsillectomy group and for the vowel /i/ in the thermal welding system tonsillectomy group, second formant for the vowel /u/ in the thermal welding system tonsillectomy group and third formant for the vowel /u/ in the cold knife tonsillectomy group were found to be significantly decreased (p<0.05). The surgical technique, whether it is cold knife or thermal welding system, does not appear to affect voice and speech in tonsillectomy patients. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. TrustRank: a Cold-Start tolerant recommender system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zou, Haitao; Gong, Zhiguo; Zhang, Nan; Zhao, Wei; Guo, Jingzhi

    2015-02-01

    The explosive growth of the World Wide Web leads to the fast advancing development of e-commerce techniques. Recommender systems, which use personalised information filtering techniques to generate a set of items suitable to a given user, have received considerable attention. User- and item-based algorithms are two popular techniques for the design of recommender systems. These two algorithms are known to have Cold-Start problems, i.e., they are unable to effectively handle Cold-Start users who have an extremely limited number of purchase records. In this paper, we develop TrustRank, a novel recommender system which handles the Cold-Start problem by leveraging the user-trust networks which are commonly available for e-commerce applications. A user-trust network is formed by friendships or trust relationships that users specify among them. While it is straightforward to conjecture that a user-trust network is helpful for improving the accuracy of recommendations, a key challenge for using user-trust network to facilitate Cold-Start users is that these users also tend to have a very limited number of trust relationships. To address this challenge, we propose a pre-processing propagation of the Cold-Start users' trust network. In particular, by applying the personalised PageRank algorithm, we expand the friends of a given user to include others with similar purchase records to his/her original friends. To make this propagation algorithm scalable to a large amount of users, as required by real-world recommender systems, we devise an iterative computation algorithm of the original personalised TrustRank which can incrementally compute trust vectors for Cold-Start users. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the consistently improvement provided by our proposed algorithm over the existing recommender algorithms on the accuracy of recommendations for Cold-Start users.

  11. The impact of stack geometry and mean pressure on cold end temperature of stack in thermoacoustic refrigeration systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wantha, Channarong

    2018-02-01

    This paper reports on the experimental and simulation studies of the influence of stack geometries and different mean pressures on the cold end temperature of the stack in the thermoacoustic refrigeration system. The stack geometry was tested, including spiral stack, circular pore stack and pin array stack. The results of this study show that the mean pressure of the gas in the system has a significant impact on the cold end temperature of the stack. The mean pressure of the gas in the system corresponds to thermal penetration depth, which results in a better cold end temperature of the stack. The results also show that the cold end temperature of the pin array stack decreases more than that of the spiral stack and circular pore stack geometry by approximately 63% and 70%, respectively. In addition, the thermal area and viscous area of the stack are analyzed to explain the results of such temperatures of thermoacoustic stacks.

  12. DEVELOPMENT OF COLD CLIMATE HEAT PUMP USING TWO-STAGE COMPRESSION

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Shen, Bo; Rice, C Keith; Abdelaziz, Omar

    2015-01-01

    This paper uses a well-regarded, hardware based heat pump system model to investigate a two-stage economizing cycle for cold climate heat pump applications. The two-stage compression cycle has two variable-speed compressors. The high stage compressor was modelled using a compressor map, and the low stage compressor was experimentally studied using calorimeter testing. A single-stage heat pump system was modelled as the baseline. The system performance predictions are compared between the two-stage and single-stage systems. Special considerations for designing a cold climate heat pump are addressed at both the system and component levels.

  13. Thermal design and verification of an instrument cooling system for infrared detectors utilizing the Oxford Stirling cycle refrigerator

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Werrett, Stephen; Seivold, Alfred L.

    1990-01-01

    A detailed nodal computer model was developed to thermally represent the hardware, and sensitivity studies were performed to evaluate design parameters and orbital environmental effects of an instrument cooling system for IR detectors. Thermal-vacuum testing showed excellent performance of the system and a correspondence with math model predictions to within 3 K. Results show cold stage temperature sensitivity to cold patch backload, outer stage external surface emittance degradation, and cold stage emittance degradation, respectively. The increase in backload on the cold patch over the mission lifetime is anticipated to be less than 3.0 watts, which translates to less than a 3-degree increase in detector temperatures.

  14. 10 CFR 431.324 - Uniform test method for the measurement of energy efficiency and standby mode energy consumption...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... ballast in accordance with the circuit shown in Figure 2. ER09MR10.006 (iii) Power Line Carrier (PLC) Control Signal. Measure the PLC control signal power (watts), using a wattmeter capable of indicating true... wattmeter must have a frequency response that is at least 10 times higher than the PLC being measured to...

  15. 10 CFR Appendix I to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Conventional Ranges, Conventional...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... standby mode, set the clock time to 3:23 and use the average power approach described in Section 5... ranges, conventional cooking tops, conventional ovens, and microwave ovens at this time. However, any... mode may persist for an indefinite time. An indicator that only shows the user that the product is in...

  16. Dynamic modeling and simulation of an integral bipropellant propulsion double-valve combined test system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Yang; Wang, Huasheng; Xia, Jixia; Cai, Guobiao; Zhang, Zhenpeng

    2017-04-01

    For the pressure reducing regulator and check valve double-valve combined test system in an integral bipropellant propulsion system, a system model is established with modular models of various typical components. The simulation research is conducted on the whole working process of an experiment of 9 MPa working condition from startup to rated working condition and finally to shutdown. Comparison of simulation results with test data shows: five working conditions including standby, startup, rated pressurization, shutdown and halt and nine stages of the combined test system are comprehensively disclosed; valve-spool opening and closing details of the regulator and two check valves are accurately revealed; the simulation also clarifies two phenomena which test data are unable to clarify, one is the critical opening state in which the check valve spools slightly open and close alternately in their own fully closed positions, the other is the obvious effects of flow-field temperature drop and temperature rise in pipeline network with helium gas flowing. Moreover, simulation results with consideration of component wall heat transfer are closer to the test data than those under the adiabatic-wall condition, and more able to reveal the dynamic characteristics of the system in various working stages.

  17. [Adverse Event Trends Associated with Over-the-counter Combination Cold Remedy: Data Mining of the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database].

    PubMed

    Sasaoka, Sayaka; Hatahira, Haruna; Hasegawa, Shiori; Motooka, Yumi; Fukuda, Akiho; Naganuma, Misa; Umetsu, Ryogo; Nakao, Satoshi; Shimauchi, Akari; Ueda, Natsumi; Hirade, Kouseki; Iguchi, Kazuhiro; Nakamura, Mitsuhiro

    2018-01-01

     OTC combination cold remedies are widely used in Japan. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the adverse event profiles of OTC combination cold remedy based on the components using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database. The JADER database contained 430587 reports between April 2004 and November 2016. 1084 adverse events associated with the use of OTC combination cold remedy were reported. Reporting odds ratio (ROR) was used to detect safety signals. The ROR values for "skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders", "hepatobiliary disorders", and "immune system disorders" stratified by system organ class of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) were 9.82 (8.71-11.06), 2.63 (2.25-3.07), and 3.13 (2.63-3.74), respectively. OTC combination cold remedy containing acetaminophen exhibited a significantly higher reporting ratio for "hepatobiliary disorders" than OTC combination cold remedy without acetaminophen. We demonstrated the potential risk of OTC combination cold remedy in a real-life setting. Our results suggested that the monitoring of individuals using OTC combination cold remedy is important.

  18. Critical Research Needed to Examine the Environmental Impacts of Expanded Refrigeration on the Food System.

    PubMed

    Heard, Brent R; Miller, Shelie A

    2016-11-15

    The unbroken global refrigerated supply chain, or cold chain, is rapidly expanding in developing countries. In addition to increasing the energy intensity of the food system, the expanded cold chain may facilitate changes in the global diet, food waste patterns, food production and distribution, and shopping habits. The sustainability impacts of many of these changes chain are unknown, given the complexity of interacting social, economic, and technical factors. The current literature surrounding the environmental impacts of refrigeration in the food system focuses on the direct impacts of energy use and coolant emissions, and lacks a critical evaluation of the accompanying systemic societal changes that potentially carry greater environmental impacts. This review examines the cold chain as a transformative technology, identifying key intrinsic, indirect, and external factors that will favorably, unfavorably, or ambiguously impact the environmental profile of the food system. The review identifies key interactions and feedbacks between the cold chain, food production and consumption decisions, infrastructure development, and the global environment which are largely unexamined and in need of empirical data. Viewing cold chain expansion from this broader perspective is essential to understanding the changing impacts of the food system in developing countries and may inform future sustainability planning.

  19. Resource Prospector Propulsion Cold Flow Test

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Williams, Hunter; Pederson, Kevin; Dervan, Melanie; Holt, Kimberly; Jernigan, Frankie; Trinh, Huu; Flores, Sam

    2014-01-01

    For the past year, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and Johnson Space Center have been working on a government version of a lunar lander design for the Resource Prospector Mission. A propulsion cold flow test system, representing an early flight design of the propulsion system, has been fabricated. The primary objective of the cold flow test is to simulate the Resource Prospector propulsion system operation through water flow testing and obtain data for anchoring analytical models. This effort will also provide an opportunity to develop a propulsion system mockup to examine hardware integration to a flight structure. This paper will report the work progress of the propulsion cold flow test system development and test preparation. At the time this paper is written, the initial waterhammer testing is underway. The initial assessment of the test data suggests that the results are as expected and have a similar trend with the pretest prediction. The test results will be reported in a future conference.

  20. A primer on clothing systems for cold-weather field work

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Denner, Jon

    1990-01-01

    Conducting field work in cold weather is a demanding task. The most important safety consideration for field personnel is to maintain normal body temperature and avoid hypothermia.The human body adjusts to cold temperatures through different physiological processes. Heat production is enhanced by increases in the rates of basal metabolism, specific dynamic action, and physical exercise, and heat loss is reduced by vasoconstriction.Physiological adaptations alone are inadequate to stop rapid heat loss in cold temperatures. Additional insulation in the form of cold-weather clothing is necessary to retain heat.The most practical method of dressing for winter conditions is the layering system. Wearing multiple thin layers allows one to fine tune the insulation needed for different temperatures and activity levels.

  1. Neural Substrate of Cold-Seeking Behavior in Endotoxin Shock

    PubMed Central

    Almeida, Maria C; Steiner, Alexandre A; Branco, Luiz G S; Romanovsky, Andrej A

    2006-01-01

    Systemic inflammation is a leading cause of hospital death. Mild systemic inflammation is accompanied by warmth-seeking behavior (and fever), whereas severe inflammation is associated with cold-seeking behavior (and hypothermia). Both behaviors are adaptive. Which brain structures mediate which behavior is unknown. The involvement of hypothalamic structures, namely, the preoptic area (POA), paraventricular nucleus (PVH), or dorsomedial nucleus (DMH), in thermoregulatory behaviors associated with endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS])-induced systemic inflammation was studied in rats. The rats were allowed to select their thermal environment by freely moving in a thermogradient apparatus. A low intravenous dose of Escherichia coli LPS (10 µg/kg) caused warmth-seeking behavior, whereas a high, shock-inducing dose (5,000 µg/kg) caused cold-seeking behavior. Bilateral electrocoagulation of the PVH or DMH, but not of the POA, prevented this cold-seeking response. Lesioning the DMH with ibotenic acid, an excitotoxin that destroys neuronal bodies but spares fibers of passage, also prevented LPS-induced cold-seeking behavior; lesioning the PVH with ibotenate did not affect it. Lesion of no structure affected cold-seeking behavior induced by heat exposure or by pharmacological stimulation of the transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid-1 channel (“warmth receptor”). Nor did any lesion affect warmth-seeking behavior induced by a low dose of LPS, cold exposure, or pharmacological stimulation of the TRP melastatin-8 (“cold receptor”). We conclude that LPS-induced cold-seeking response is mediated by neuronal bodies located in the DMH and neural fibers passing through the PVH. These are the first two landmarks on the map of the circuitry of cold-seeking behavior associated with endotoxin shock. PMID:17183631

  2. Commissioning and operational results of helium refrigeration system at JLab for the 12GeV upgrade

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Knudsen, Peter N.; Ganni, Venkatarao; Dixon, Kelly D.

    The new 4.5 K refrigerator system at the Jefferson Lab (JLab) Central Helium Liquefier (CHL-2) for the 12 GeV upgrade was commissioned in late spring of 2013, following the commissioning of the new compressor system, and has been supporting 12 GeV LINAC commissioning since that time. Six design modes were tested during commissioning, consisting of a maximum capacity, nominal capacity, maximum liquefaction, maximum refrigeration, maximum fill and a stand-by/reduced load condition. The maximum capacity was designed to support a 238 g/s, 30 K and 1.16 bar cold compressor return flow, a 15 g/s, 4.5 K liquefaction load and a 12.6more » kW, 35-55 K shield load. The other modes were selected to ensure proper component sizing and selection to allow the cold box to operate over a wide range of conditions and capacities. The cold box system is comprised of two physically independent cold boxes with interconnecting transfer-lines. The outside (upper) 300-60 K vertical cold box has no turbines and incorporates a liquid nitrogen pre-cooler and 80-K beds. The inside (lower) 60-4.5 K horizontal cold box houses seven turbines that are configured in four expansion stages including one Joule-Thompson expander and a 20-K bed. The helium compression system has five compressors to support three pressure levels in the cold box. This paper will summarize the analysis of the test data obtained over the wide range of operating conditions and capacities which were tested.« less

  3. Improving cold chain systems: Challenges and solutions.

    PubMed

    Ashok, Ashvin; Brison, Michael; LeTallec, Yann

    2017-04-19

    While a number of new vaccines have been rolled out across the developing world (with more vaccines in the pipeline), cold chain systems are struggling to efficiently support national immunization programs in ensuring the availability of safe and potent vaccines. This article reflects on the Clinton Health Access Initiative, Inc. (CHAI) experience working since 2010 with national immunization programs and partners to improve vaccines cold chains in 10 countries-Ethiopia, Nigeria, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, Cameroon, Mozambique, Lesotho and India - to identify the root causes and solutions for three common issues limiting cold chain performance. Key recommendations include: Collectively, the solutions detailed in this article chart a path to substantially improving the performance of the cold chain. Combined with an enabling global and in-country environment, it is possible to eliminate cold chain issues as a substantial barrier to effective and full immunization coverage over the next few years. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  4. A sub-nW 2.4 GHz Transmitter for Low Data-Rate Sensing Applications

    PubMed Central

    Mercier, Patrick P.; Bandyopadhyay, Saurav; Lysaght, Andrew C.; Stankovic, Konstantina M.; Chandrakasan, Anantha P.

    2015-01-01

    This paper presents the design of a narrowband transmitter and antenna system that achieves an average power consumption of 78 pW when operating at a duty-cycled data rate of 1 bps. Fabricated in a 0.18 µm CMOS process, the transmitter employs a direct-RF power oscillator topology where a loop antenna acts as a both a radiative and resonant element. The low-complexity single-stage architecture, in combination with aggressive power gating techniques and sizing optimizations, limited the standby power of the transmitter to only 39.7 pW at 0.8 V. Supporting both OOK and FSK modulations at 2.4 GHz, the transmitter consumed as low as 38 pJ/bit at an active-mode data rate of 5 Mbps. The loop antenna and integrated diodes were also used as part of a wireless power transfer receiver in order to kick-start the system power supply during energy harvesting operation. PMID:26246641

  5. TRACE Model for Simulation of Anticipated Transients Without Scram in a BWR

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cheng L. Y.; Baek J.; Cuadra,A.

    2013-11-10

    A TRACE model has been developed for using theTRACE/PARCS computational package [1, 2] to simulate anticipated transients without scram (ATWS) events in a boiling water reactor (BWR). The model represents a BWR/5 housed in a Mark II containment. The reactor and the balance of plant systems are modeled in sufficient detail to enable the evaluation of plant responses and theeffectiveness of automatic and operator actions tomitigate this beyond design basis accident.The TRACE model implements features thatfacilitate the simulation of ATWS events initiated by turbine trip and closure of the main steam isolation valves (MSIV). It also incorporates control logic tomore » initiate actions to mitigate the ATWS events, such as water levelcontrol, emergency depressurization, and injection of boron via the standby liquid control system (SLCS). Two different approaches have been used to model boron mixing in the lower plenum of the reactor vessel: modulate coolant flow in the lower plenum by a flow valve, and use control logic to modular.« less

  6. LADEE Propulsion System Cold Flow Test

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Williams, Jonathan Hunter; Chapman, Jack M.; Trinh, Hau, P.; Bell, James H.

    2013-01-01

    Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) is a NASA mission that will orbit the Moon. Its main objective is to characterize the atmosphere and lunar dust environment. The spacecraft development is being led by NASA Ames Research Center and scheduled for launch in 2013. The LADEE spacecraft will be operated with a bi-propellant hypergolic propulsion system using MMH and NTO as the fuel and oxidizer, respectively. The propulsion system utilizes flight-proven hardware on major components. The propulsion layout is composed of one 100-lbf main thruster and four 5-lbf RCS thrusters. The propellants are stored in four tanks (two parallel-connected tanks per propellant component). The propellants will be pressurized by regulated helium. A simulated propulsion system has been built for conducting cold flow test series to characterize the transient fluid flow of the propulsion system feed lines and to verify the critical operation modes, such as system priming, waterhammer, and crucial mission duty cycles. Propellant drainage differential between propellant tanks will also be assessed. Since the oxidizer feed line system has a higher flow demand than the fuel system does, the cold flow test focuses on the oxidizer system. The objective of the cold flow test is to simulate the LADEE propulsion fluid flow operation through water cold flow test and to obtain data for anchoring analytical models. The models will be used to predict the transient and steady state flow behaviors in the actual flight operations. The test activities, including the simulated propulsion test article, cold flow test, and analytical modeling, are being performed at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. At the time of the abstract submission, the test article checkout is being performed. The test series will be completed by November, 2012

  7. PRA (Probabilistic Risk Assessment) Applications Program for inspection at Oconee Unit 3

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gore, B.F.; Vo, T.V.; Harris, M.S.

    1987-10-01

    The extensive Oconee-3 PRA performed by EPRI has been analyzed to identify plant systems and components important to minimizing public risk, and to identify the primary failure modes of these components. This information has been tabulated, and correlated with inspection modules from the NRC Inspection and Enforcement Manual. The report presents a series of tables, organized by system and prioritized by public risk (in person-rem per year), which identify components associated with 98% of the inspectable risk due to plant operation. External events (earthquakes, tornadoes, fires and floods) are not addressed because inspections cannot directly minimize the risks from thesemore » events; however, flooding caused by the breach of internal systems is addressed. The systems addressed, in descending order of risk importance, are: Reactor Building Spray, R B Cooling, Condenser Circulating Water, Safety Relief Valves, Low Pressure Injection, Standby Shutdown Facility-High Pressure Injection, Low-Pressure Service Water, and Emergency Feedwater. This ranking is based on the Fussel-Vesely measure of risk importance, i.e., the fraction of the total risk which involves failures of the system of interest. 8 refs., 25 tabs.« less

  8. Thermo-mechanical Design Methodology for ITER Cryodistribution cold boxes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shukla, Vinit; Patel, Pratik; Das, Jotirmoy; Vaghela, Hitensinh; Bhattacharya, Ritendra; Shah, Nitin; Choukekar, Ketan; Chang, Hyun-Sik; Sarkar, Biswanath

    2017-04-01

    The ITER cryo-distribution (CD) system is in charge of proper distribution of the cryogen at required mass flow rate, pressure and temperature level to the users; namely the superconducting (SC) magnets and cryopumps (CPs). The CD system is also capable to use the magnet structures as a thermal buffer in order to operate the cryo-plant as much as possible at a steady state condition. A typical CD cold box is equipped with mainly liquid helium (LHe) bath, heat exchangers (HX’s), cryogenic valves, filter, heaters, cold circulator, cold compressor and process piping. The various load combinations which are likely to occur during the life cycle of the CD cold boxes are imposed on the representative model and impacts on the system are analyzed. This study shows that break of insulation vacuum during nominal operation (NO) along with seismic event (Seismic Level-2) is the most stringent load combination having maximum stress of 224 MPa. However, NO+SMHV (Séismes Maximaux Historiquement Vraisemblables = Maximum Historically Probable Earthquakes) load combination is having the least safety margin and will lead the basis of the design of the CD system and its sub components. This paper presents and compares the results of different load combinations which are likely to occur on a typical CD cold box.

  9. Effect of Extreme Cold Treatment on Morphology and Behavior of Hydrogels and Microgels (Poster Session)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2017-08-20

    UNCLASSIFIED Effect of Extreme Cold Treatment on Morphology and Behavior of Hydrogels and Microgels BACKGROUND • Stimuli responsive hydrogel systems...particularly for cold weather and Arctic uniforms, • The effect of extreme cold on gel responsiveness however is not well studied • This project seeks...to understand the effect of cold temperature ( down to -80 ° C) on hydrogel and microgel particles properties and response to thermal stimuli • We

  10. Variation of DNA Methylome of Zebrafish Cells under Cold Pressure

    PubMed Central

    Xu, Qiongqiong; Luo, Juntao; Shi, Yingdi; Li, Xiaoxia; Yan, Xiaonan; Zhang, Junfang

    2016-01-01

    DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic mechanism involved in multiple biological processes. However, the relationship between DNA methylation and cold acclimation remains poorly understood. In this study, Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (MeDIP-seq) was performed to reveal a genome-wide methylation profile of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryonic fibroblast cells (ZF4) and its variation under cold pressure. MeDIP-seq assay was conducted with ZF4 cells cultured at appropriate temperature of 28°C and at low temperature of 18°C for 5 (short-term) and 30 (long-term) days, respectively. Our data showed that DNA methylation level of whole genome increased after a short-term cold exposure and decreased after a long-term cold exposure. It is interesting that metabolism of folate pathway is significantly hypomethylated after short-term cold exposure, which is consistent with the increased DNA methylation level. 21% of methylation peaks were significantly altered after cold treatment. About 8% of altered DNA methylation peaks are located in promoter regions, while the majority of them are located in non-coding regions. Methylation of genes involved in multiple cold responsive biological processes were significantly affected, such as anti-oxidant system, apoptosis, development, chromatin modifying and immune system suggesting that those processes are responsive to cold stress through regulation of DNA methylation. Our data indicate the involvement of DNA methylation in cellular response to cold pressure, and put a new insight into the genome-wide epigenetic regulation under cold pressure. PMID:27494266

  11. Structure design and simulation research of active magnetic bearing for helium centrifugal cold compressor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Y Zhang, S.; Pan, W.; Wei, C. B.; Wu, J. H.

    2017-12-01

    Helium centrifugal cold compressors are utilized to pump gaseous helium from saturated liquid helium tank to obtain super-fluid helium in cryogenic refrigeration system, which is now being developed at TIPC, CAS. Active magnetic bearing (AMB) is replacing traditional oil-fed bearing as the optimal supporting assembly for cold compressor because of its many advantages: free of contact, high rotation speed, no lubrication and so on. In this paper, five degrees of freedom for AMB are developed for the helium centrifugal cold compressor application. The structure parameters of the axial and radial magnetic bearings as well as hardware and software of the electronic control system is discussed in detail. Based on modal analysis and critical speeds calculation, a control strategy combining PID arithmetic with other phase compensators is proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that the control method not only stables AMB system but also guarantees good performance of closed-loop behaviour. The prior research work offers important base and experience for test and application of AMB experimental platform for system centrifugal cold compressor.

  12. Operational Considerations for the Standby Diver in CUMA Dives

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-11-01

    avec ACDSM R.Y. Nishi; A.J. Ward; D.J. Eaton; DRDC Toronto TM 2010-082; R & D pour la défense Canada – Toronto; Novembre 2010. Introduction ou...11  Figure A-5. Computed inert gas loading in first and second compartments for 5 min at 9 msw .. 13 ... 13   Figure A-7. Computed inert gas loading in first and second compartments for 30

  13. 10 CFR Appendix Y to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Battery Chargers

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... power (i.e., watts) consumed as the time series integral of the power consumed over a 1-hour test period...) consumed as the time series integral of the power consumed over a 1-hour test period, divided by the period...-maintenance mode and standby mode over time periods defined in the test procedure. b. Active mode is the...

  14. How Virtual Technology Can Impact Total Ownership Costs on a USN Vessel

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-03-01

    Clients (After Lam, 2010) Alternative Solutions Labor $M Hardware $M Software $M Transport $M Power & Cooling $M Virtualization $M...and will hold contractors accountable to ensure energy efficiency targets of new equipment are as advertised . 2. Total Cost of Ownership...automatically placed into Standby by the VMware software and reduced energy consumption by 230 watts. Even though there were 12 virtual desktops online and in

  15. 10 CFR Appendix G to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Unvented Home Heating Equipment

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... of Unvented Home Heating Equipment G Appendix G to Subpart B of Part 430 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY..., App. G Appendix G to Subpart B of Part 430—Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of... gas control value (e.g., by label) by the manufacturer. 2.4 Electrical standby mode power measurement...

  16. 10 CFR Appendix Y to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Battery Chargers

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... power (i.e., watts) consumed as the time series integral of the power consumed over a 1-hour test period...) consumed as the time series integral of the power consumed over a 1-hour test period, divided by the period...-maintenance mode and standby mode over time periods defined in the test procedure. b. Active mode is the...

  17. 75 FR 8239 - Federal Home Loan Bank Housing Associates, Core Mission Activities and Standby Letters of Credit

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-24

    ... part 950 of this chapter. title. Sec. 1264.3(a), Sec. 926.4........ Sec. 1264.4. Introductory text. Sec...).. Sec. 1264.3(a)(2). Introductory text. Sec. 1264.4(c)(1)......... Sec. 926.3(a)(3).. Sec. 1264.3(a)(3...)......... Sec. 950.7 of this Sec. 950.7 of this chapter. title. Sec. 1269.3(a), Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Introductory...

  18. Effects of exposure to a mobile phone on sexual behavior in adult male rabbit: an observational study.

    PubMed

    Salama, N; Kishimoto, T; Kanayama, H-o; Kagawa, S

    2010-01-01

    The accumulating effects of exposure to electromagnetic radiation emitted by a conventional mobile phone (MP) on male sexual behaviour have not yet been analyzed. Therefore, we studied these effects in 18 male rabbits that were randomly divided into phone and control groups. Six female teasers were taken successively to the male's cage and the copulatory behavior was recorded. Serum total testosterone, dopamine and cortisol were evaluated. The animals of the phone group were exposed to MPs (800 MHz) in a standby position for 8 h daily for 12 weeks. At the end of the study, the copulatory behavior and hormonal assays were re-evaluated. Mounts without ejaculation were the main mounts in the phone group and its duration and frequency increased significantly compared with the controls, whereas the reverse was observed in its mounts with ejaculation. Ejaculation frequency dropped significantly, biting/grasping against teasers increased notably and mounting latency in accumulated means from the first to the fourth teasers were noted in the phone group. The hormonal assays did not show any significant differences between the study groups. Therefore, the pulsed radiofrequency emitted by a conventional MP, which was kept on a standby position, could affect the sexual behavior in the rabbit.

  19. Three micron silicon-on-sapphire technology evaluation programme

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wootten, D.

    1988-01-01

    CellSOS, a standard design and manufacturable route used to produce radiation hardened SOS integrated circuits was evaluated. Single event upset (SEU) and total-dose aspects of radiation with extended life test data were considered. Worst case bias during irradiation for SOS RAMs is with 5V on VDD and inputs held high. The parameter with the major movement with radiation is standby current; no other parameter shows significant change with accumulated dose. The functional failure point of both RAMs with radiation is caused by this increase in current and not by the Vt shift preventing correct transistor operation. Life testing of irradiated and nonirradiated devices shows very little movement in parametrics over the 2000 hr except for standby current. The ability of the 3 micron SOS cell and SLM gate array products to maintain functionality and acceptable performance characteristic to total dose gamma radiation levels exceeding 1MRad (Si) is proved. The 3 micron SOS process has very good immunity to SEU within the space environment. Tests on the 4K RAM confirm that there is no latch-up mechanism present in SOS. The results also demonstrate that, provided the six transistors cell and layout is used for all 3 micron SOS RAMs, similar upset rates will be achieved.

  20. Study of Cycling Air-Cooling System with a Cold Accumulator for Micro Gas-Turbine Installations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ochkov, V. F.; Stepanova, T. A.; Katenev, G. M.; Tumanovskii, V. A.; Borisova, P. N.

    2018-05-01

    Using the cycling air-cooling systems of the CTIC type (Combustion Turbine Inlet Cooling) with a cold accumulator in a micro gas-turbine installation (micro-GTI) to preserve its capacity under the seasonal temperature rise of outside air is described. Water ice is used as the body-storage in the accumulators, and ice water (water at 0.5-1.0°C) is used as the body that cools air. The ice water circulates between the accumulator and the air-water heat exchanger. The cold accumulator model with renewable ice resources is considered. The model contains the heat-exchanging tube lattice-evaporator covered with ice. The lattice is cross-flowed with water. The criterion heat exchange equation that describes the process in the cold accumulator under consideration is presented. The calculations of duration of its active operation were performed. The dependence of cold accumulator service life on water circulation rate was evaluated. The adequacy of the design model was confirmed experimentally in the mock-up of the cold accumulator with a refrigerating machine periodically creating a 200 kg ice reserve in the reservoir-storage. The design model makes it possible to determine the weight of ice reserve of the discharged cold accumulator for cooling the cycle air in the operation of a C-30 type micro- GTI produced by the Capstone Company or micro-GTIs of other capacities. Recommendations for increasing the working capacity of cold accumulators of CTIC-systems of a micro-GTI were made.

  1. Electronic Equipment Cold Plates

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1976-04-01

    using fans or blowers to force the air through the cooling device». ^J^lJ^^i 5!°^ it ia ’«"^"o^ve. nonto«ic. nonfla—able, *nd possesses good ...Techniques GENERAL THERMAL CONTROL SYSTEMS AND THEIR REgUIREMENTS FLON DISTRIBUTION IN MANIFOLDS THE COLD PLATE IA ,! 1 3 S 12 15 33 32 32... IA .1 132 132 132 155 169 179 183 r (1) Air-Cooled Cold Plate No. (2) Air-Cooled Cold Plate No. (3) Air-cooled Cold Plate No. (4) Air-Cooled

  2. The influence of atmospheric cold fronts on larval supply and settlement of intertidal invertebrates: Case studies in the Cabo Frio coastal upwelling system (SE Brazil)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    de Azevedo Mazzuco, Ana Carolina; Christofoletti, Ronaldo Adriano; Coutinho, Ricardo; Ciotti, Áurea Maria

    2018-07-01

    Atmospheric fronts such as cold fronts are dynamic mesoscale systems with potential effects on the ecology of marine communities. In this study, larval dynamics in subtropical rocky shore communities were evaluated under the influence of atmospheric frontal systems. The hypothesis is that these systems may promote favorable conditions for larval supply and settlement regardless of taxa or site, and that supply and settlement vary in association with fluctuations of meteorological and oceanographic conditions driven by the fronts. This study was carried out in the Southeastern Brazil littoral region under the influence of coastal upwelling events (Cabo Frio) and subject to weekly atmospheric frontal systems, cold polar fronts. The spatial and temporal variability of larvae and settlers of barnacles and mussels were assessed by collecting daily samples at three sites before, during and after atmospheric cold fronts, and the atmospheric and pelagic conditions were monitored. Contrasts among rates, events and sites were tested using discriminant function analysis, analyses of variance and correlation analysis. Atmospheric frontal systems were considered to influence the sites when wind direction changed to SW-S-SE and persisted for at least a day, and waves from SW-SW-SE increased in height. The results corroborate the hypothesis that cold fronts are important regulators of larval dynamics and intertidal communities on rocky shores of the studied area. Both larval supply and settlement were highly correlated with fluctuations in wind speed and direction. Higher settlement rates of barnacles occurred one-day prior, or on the onset of cold fronts. Mussels species tended to settle during all conditions, but on average, settlement rates were higher during the cold fronts. Some temporal trends were site specific and variability was detected among taxa and larval stages. Our findings suggest that mesoscale oceanographic/atmospheric systems are particularly relevant on the regulation and potentially forecasting of rocky shore invertebrates' ecology.

  3. Cold Weather Admixture Systems Demonstration at Fort Wainwright, Alaska

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-08-01

    3, and 5, the remaining two test sec- tions (Test Sections 2 and 4) were readied for concrete . The interior formwork was removed, and the rebar was...Washington, DC 20314-1000 ERDC/CRREL TR-10-6 ii Abstract: Cold Weather Admixture Systems (CWAS) is a new approach to cold weather concreting that...incorporates suites of commercially avail- able chemical admixtures in concrete mixes. When used in combination, these admixtures depress the freezing

  4. Computer Simulations: A Tool to Predict Experimental Parameters with Cold Atoms

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-04-01

    Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. Citation of manufacturer’s or trade names does not constitute an...specifically designed to work with cold atom systems and atom chips, and is already able to compute their key properties. We simulate our experimental...also allows one to choose different physics and define the interdependencies between them. It is not specifically designed for cold atom systems or

  5. Cold Climate and Retrofit Applications for Air-to-Air Heat Pumps

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Baxter, Van D

    2015-01-01

    Air source heat pumps (ASHP) including air-to-air ASHPs are easily applied to buildings almost anywhere for new construction as well as retrofits or renovations. They are widespread in milder climate regions but their use in cold regions is hampered due to low heating efficiency and capacity at cold outdoor temperatures. Retrofitting air-to-air ASHPs to existing buildings is relatively easy if the building already has an air distribution system. For buildings without such systems alternative approaches are necessary. Examples are ductless, minisplit heat pumps or central heat pumps coupled to small diameter, high velocity (SDHV) air distribution systems. This article presentsmore » two subjects: 1) a summary of R&D investigations aimed at improving the cold weather performance of ASHPs, and 2) a brief discussion of building retrofit options using air-to-air ASHP systems.« less

  6. System And Method Of Applying Energetic Ions For Sterlization

    DOEpatents

    Schmidt, John A.

    2002-06-11

    A method of sterilization of a container is provided whereby a cold plasma is caused to be disposed near a surface to be sterilized, and the cold plasma is then subjected to a pulsed voltage differential for producing energized ions in the plasma. Those energized ions then operate to achieve spore destruction on the surface to be sterilized. Further, a system for sterilization of a container which includes a conductive or non-conductive container, a cold plasma in proximity to the container, and a high voltage source for delivering a pulsed voltage differential between an electrode and the container and across the cold plasma, is provided.

  7. Miniaturized Lab System for Future Cold Atom Experiments in Microgravity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kulas, Sascha; Vogt, Christian; Resch, Andreas; Hartwig, Jonas; Ganske, Sven; Matthias, Jonas; Schlippert, Dennis; Wendrich, Thijs; Ertmer, Wolfgang; Maria Rasel, Ernst; Damjanic, Marcin; Weßels, Peter; Kohfeldt, Anja; Luvsandamdin, Erdenetsetseg; Schiemangk, Max; Grzeschik, Christoph; Krutzik, Markus; Wicht, Andreas; Peters, Achim; Herrmann, Sven; Lämmerzahl, Claus

    2017-02-01

    We present the technical realization of a compact system for performing experiments with cold 87Rb and 39K atoms in microgravity in the future. The whole system fits into a capsule to be used in the drop tower Bremen. One of the advantages of a microgravity environment is long time evolution of atomic clouds which yields higher sensitivities in atom interferometer measurements. We give a full description of the system containing an experimental chamber with ultra-high vacuum conditions, miniaturized laser systems, a high-power thulium-doped fiber laser, the electronics and the power management. In a two-stage magneto-optical trap atoms should be cooled to the low μK regime. The thulium-doped fiber laser will create an optical dipole trap which will allow further cooling to sub- μK temperatures. The presented system fulfills the demanding requirements on size and power management for cold atom experiments on a microgravity platform, especially with respect to the use of an optical dipole trap. A first test in microgravity, including the creation of a cold Rb ensemble, shows the functionality of the system.

  8. Chronic obstructive lung disease "expert system": validation of a predictive tool for assisting diagnosis.

    PubMed

    Braido, Fulvio; Santus, Pierachille; Corsico, Angelo Guido; Di Marco, Fabiano; Melioli, Giovanni; Scichilone, Nicola; Solidoro, Paolo

    2018-01-01

    The purposes of this study were development and validation of an expert system (ES) aimed at supporting the diagnosis of chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD). A questionnaire and a WebFlex code were developed and validated in silico. An expert panel pilot validation on 60 cases and a clinical validation on 241 cases were performed. The developed questionnaire and code validated in silico resulted in a suitable tool to support the medical diagnosis. The clinical validation of the ES was performed in an academic setting that included six different reference centers for respiratory diseases. The results of the ES expressed as a score associated with the risk of suffering from COLD were matched and compared with the final clinical diagnoses. A set of 60 patients were evaluated by a pilot expert panel validation with the aim of calculating the sample size for the clinical validation study. The concordance analysis between these preliminary ES scores and diagnoses performed by the experts indicated that the accuracy was 94.7% when both experts and the system confirmed the COLD diagnosis and 86.3% when COLD was excluded. Based on these results, the sample size of the validation set was established in 240 patients. The clinical validation, performed on 241 patients, resulted in ES accuracy of 97.5%, with confirmed COLD diagnosis in 53.6% of the cases and excluded COLD diagnosis in 32% of the cases. In 11.2% of cases, a diagnosis of COLD was made by the experts, although the imaging results showed a potential concomitant disorder. The ES presented here (COLD ES ) is a safe and robust supporting tool for COLD diagnosis in primary care settings.

  9. The Application Research of Modern Intelligent Cold Chain Distribution System Based on Internet of Things Technology

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fan, Dehui; Gao, Shan

    This paper implemented an intelligent cold chain distribution system based on the technology of Internet of things, and took the protoplasmic beer logistics transport system as example. It realized the remote real-time monitoring material status, recorded the distribution information, dynamically adjusted the distribution tasks and other functions. At the same time, the system combined the Internet of things technology with weighted filtering algorithm, realized the real-time query of condition curve, emergency alarming, distribution data retrieval, intelligent distribution task arrangement, etc. According to the actual test, it can realize the optimization of inventory structure, and improve the efficiency of cold chain distribution.

  10. Thermal, cardiac and adrenergic responses to repeated local cooling.

    PubMed

    Janský, L; Matousková, E; Vávra, V; Vybíral, S; Janský, P; Jandová, D; Knízková, I; Kunc, P

    2006-01-01

    The aim of this study was to ascertain whether repeated local cooling induces the same or different adaptational responses as repeated whole body cooling. Repeated cooling of the legs (immersion into 12 degrees C water up to the knees for 30 min, 20 times during 4 weeks = local cold adaptation - LCA) attenuated the initial increase in heart rate and blood pressure currently observed in control subjects immersed in cold water up to the knees. After LCA the initial skin temperature decrease tended to be lower, indicating reduced vasoconstriction. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure appeared to be generally lower during rest and during the time course of cooling in LCA humans, when compared to controls. All these changes seem to indicate attenuation of the sympathetic tone. In contrast, the sustained skin temperature in different areas of the body (finger, palm, forearm, thigh, chest) appeared to be generally lower in LCA subjects than in controls (except for temperatures on the forehead). Plasma levels of catecholamines (measured 20 and 40 min after the onset of cooling) were also not influenced by local cold adaptation. Locally cold adapted subjects, when exposed to whole body cold water immersion test, showed no change in the threshold temperature for induction of cold thermogenesis. This indicates that the hypothermic type of cold adaptation, typically occurring after systemic cold adaptation, does not appear after local cold adaptation of the intensity used. It is concluded that in humans the cold adaptation due to repeated local cooling of legs induces different physiological changes than systemic cold adaptation.

  11. Cold Stowage Flight Systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Campana, Sharon E.; Melendez, David T.

    2011-01-01

    The International Space Station (ISS) provides a test bed for researchers to perform science experiments in a variety of fields, including human research, life sciences, and space medicine. Many of the experiments being conducted today require science samples to be stored and transported in a temperature controlled environment. NASA provides several systems which aid researchers in preserving their science. On orbit systems provided by NASA include the Minus Eighty Laboratory freezer for ISS (MELFI), Microgravity Experiment Research Locker Incubator (MERLIN), and Glacier. These freezers use different technologies to provide rapid cooling and cold stowage at different temperature levels on board ISS. Systems available to researchers during transportation to and from ISS are MERLIN, Glacier, and Coldbag. Coldbag is a passive cold stowage system that uses phase change materials to maintain temperature. Details of these current technologies are provided along with operational experience gained to date. This paper discusses the capability of the current cold stowage hardware and how it may continue to support NASA s mission on ISS and in future exploration missions.

  12. Characterizing convective cold pools: Characterizing Convective Cold Pools

    DOE PAGES

    Drager, Aryeh J.; van den Heever, Susan C.

    2017-05-09

    Cold pools produced by convective storms play an important role in Earth's climate system. However, a common framework does not exist for objectively identifying convective cold pools in observations and models. The present study investigates convective cold pools within a simulation of tropical continental convection that uses a cloud-resolving model with a coupled land-surface model. Multiple variables are assessed for their potential in identifying convective cold pool boundaries, and a novel technique is developed and tested for identifying and tracking cold pools in numerical model simulations. This algorithm is based on surface rainfall rates and radial gradients in the densitymore » potential temperature field. The algorithm successfully identifies near-surface cold pool boundaries and is able to distinguish between connected cold pools. Once cold pools have been identified and tracked, composites of cold pool evolution are then constructed, and average cold pool properties are investigated. Wet patches are found to develop within the centers of cold pools where the ground has been soaked with rainwater. These wet patches help to maintain cool surface temperatures and reduce cold pool dissipation, which has implications for the development of subsequent convection.« less

  13. Characterizing convective cold pools: Characterizing Convective Cold Pools

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Drager, Aryeh J.; van den Heever, Susan C.

    Cold pools produced by convective storms play an important role in Earth's climate system. However, a common framework does not exist for objectively identifying convective cold pools in observations and models. The present study investigates convective cold pools within a simulation of tropical continental convection that uses a cloud-resolving model with a coupled land-surface model. Multiple variables are assessed for their potential in identifying convective cold pool boundaries, and a novel technique is developed and tested for identifying and tracking cold pools in numerical model simulations. This algorithm is based on surface rainfall rates and radial gradients in the densitymore » potential temperature field. The algorithm successfully identifies near-surface cold pool boundaries and is able to distinguish between connected cold pools. Once cold pools have been identified and tracked, composites of cold pool evolution are then constructed, and average cold pool properties are investigated. Wet patches are found to develop within the centers of cold pools where the ground has been soaked with rainwater. These wet patches help to maintain cool surface temperatures and reduce cold pool dissipation, which has implications for the development of subsequent convection.« less

  14. Cold chain status at immunisation centres in Ethiopia.

    PubMed

    Berhane, Y; Demissie, M

    2000-09-01

    Child immunisation is among the most cost-effective ways of preventing premature child deaths, and the potency of vaccines, crucial for vaccine efficacy, is dependent on effective management of the cold chain at all levels of vaccine handling. To assess the status of the cold chain at peripheral vaccine stores in Ethiopia. Institution based cross-sectional survey in two rural and one urban administrative areas were included in the study. Sixty seven health institutions providing static vaccination services were included in the study but cold chain system was assessed fully in only sixty four. Data were collected by interviewing health workers and by directly observing the cold chain equipment and records using structured forms. Conditions of the cold chain system were described based on 64 of the 67 centres visited, three were excluded because of non-functioning cold chain. Complete temperature record was observed in 37 (57.8%) of the centres. Thermometer was not available in four (6.3%) and thermometer reading was found to be outside the optimal range in another seven (10.9%) centres. Vaccine storage in the refrigerator was not proper in 47 (73.4%) centres. Majority of the centres had neither trained personnel nor budget for maintenance of the cold chain. There is a real danger of vaccines losing their potency at these centres even if they were potent on arrival. Relevant training for those handling the cold chain, improving the maintenance conditions of refrigerators and introduction of cold chain monitoring devises are recommended.

  15. Cold air systems: Sleeping giant

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    MacCracken, C.D.

    1994-04-01

    This article describes how cold air systems help owners increase the profits from their buildings by reducing electric costs and improving indoor air quality through lower relative humidity levels. Cold air distribution involves energy savings, cost savings, space savings, greater comfort, cleaner air, thermal storage, tighter ducting, coil redesign, lower relative humidities, retrofitting, and improved indoor air quality (IAQ). It opens a door for architects, engineers, owners, builders, environmentalists, retrofitters, designers, occupants, and manufacturers. Three things have held up cold air's usage: multiple fan-powered boxes that ate up the energy savings of primary fans. Cold air room diffusers that providedmore » inadequate comfort. Condensation from ducts, boxes, and diffusers. Such problems have been largely eliminated through research and development by utilities and manufacturers. New cold air diffusers no longer need fan powered boxes. It has also been found that condensation is not a concern so long as the ducts are located in air conditioned space, such as drop ceilings or central risers, where relative humidity falls quickly during morning startup.« less

  16. Model Development of Cold Chains for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Distribution: A Case Study in Bali Province

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waisnawa, I. N. G. S.; Santosa, I. D. M. C.; Sunu, I. P. W.; Wirajati, IGAB

    2018-01-01

    In developing countries such as Indonesia, as much as 40% of total vegetables and fruits production becomes waste because of lack refrigeration. This condition also contributes a food crisis problem besides other factor such as, climate change and number of population. Cold chain system that will be modelled in this study is for vegetables and fruits and refrigeration system as the main devices. In future, this system will play an important role for the food crisis solution where fresh food can be distributed very well with significant low waste. The fresh food also can be kept with good quality and hygienist (bacteria contaminated). Cold Chain model will be designed using refrigeration components including, pre cooling chiller, cold room, and truck refrigeration. This study will be conducted by survey and observation di around Bali Province focus on vegetables and fruits production center. Interviews and questionnaire will be also done to get some information about the conventional distribution obstacles and problem. Distribution mapping will be developed and created. The data base of the storage characteristic of the fruits and vegetable also collected through experiment and secondary data. Depend on the mapping and data base can be developed a cold chain model that has the best performance application. The model will be can directly apply in Bali to get eligible cold chain in Bali. The cold chain model will be compared with the conventional distribution system using ALCC/LCC method and also others factor and will be weighted to get better results.

  17. Is the common cold a clinical entity or a cultural concept?

    PubMed

    Eccles, R

    2013-03-01

    Common cold is the most common infectious disease of mankind and the term is widely used in the clinical literature as though it were a defined clinical syndrome. Clinical studies on this syndrome often use elaborate symptom scoring systems to diagnose a common cold. The symptom scores are based on a study conducted over 50 years ago to retrospectively diagnose experimental cold and this method cannot be applied to diagnosis of common cold in the community. Diagnosis of the common cold by virology is not feasible because of the number of viruses and the variability in the disease states caused by the viruses. Because of the familiarity of subjects with common cold and the variability in symptomatology it seems a more reasonable approach to use self-diagnosis of common cold for clinical research studies and accept that the common cold is a cultural concept and not a clinical entity.

  18. Cold Helium Pressurization for Liquid Oxygen / Liquid Methane Propulsion Systems: Fully-Integrated Initial Hot-Fire Test Results

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Morehead, R. L.; Atwell, M. J.; Melcher, J. C.; Hurlbert, E. A.

    2016-01-01

    A prototype cold helium active pressurization system was incorporated into an existing liquid oxygen (LOX) / liquid methane (LCH4) prototype planetary lander and hot-fire tested to collect vehicle-level performance data. Results from this hot-fire test series were used to validate integrated models of the vehicle helium and propulsion systems and demonstrate system effectiveness for a throttling lander. Pressurization systems vary greatly in complexity and efficiency between vehicles, so a pressurization performance metric was also developed as a means to compare different active pressurization schemes. This implementation of an active repress system is an initial sizing draft. Refined implementations will be tested in the future, improving the general knowledge base for a cryogenic lander-based cold helium system.

  19. Fast Time Response Electromagnetic Disruption Mitigation Concept

    DOE PAGES

    Raman, R.; Jarboe, T.; Jernigan, Thomas C.; ...

    2015-09-28

    An important and urgent issue for ITER is predicting and controlling disruptions. Tokamaks and spherical tokamaks have the potential to disrupt. Methods to rapidly quench the discharge after an impending disruption is detected are essential to protect the vessel and internal components. The warning time for the onset of some disruptions in tokamaks could be <10 ms, which poses stringent requirements on the disruption mitigation system for reactor systems. In this proposed method, a cylindrical boron nitride projectile containing a radiative payload composed of boron, boron nitride, or beryllium particulate matter and weighing similar to 15 g is accelerated tomore » velocities on the order of 1 to 2 km/s in <2 ms in a linear rail gun accelerator. A partially fragmented capsule is then injected into the tokamak discharge in the 3- to 6-ms timescale, where the radiative payload is dispersed. The device referred to as an electromagnetic particle injector has the potential to meet the short warning timescales for which a reactor disruption mitigation system must be built. The system is fully electromagnetic, with no mechanical moving parts, which ensures high reliability after a period of long standby.« less

  20. The Design of a High Performance Earth Imagery and Raster Data Management and Processing Platform

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xie, Qingyun

    2016-06-01

    This paper summarizes the general requirements and specific characteristics of both geospatial raster database management system and raster data processing platform from a domain-specific perspective as well as from a computing point of view. It also discusses the need of tight integration between the database system and the processing system. These requirements resulted in Oracle Spatial GeoRaster, a global scale and high performance earth imagery and raster data management and processing platform. The rationale, design, implementation, and benefits of Oracle Spatial GeoRaster are described. Basically, as a database management system, GeoRaster defines an integrated raster data model, supports image compression, data manipulation, general and spatial indices, content and context based queries and updates, versioning, concurrency, security, replication, standby, backup and recovery, multitenancy, and ETL. It provides high scalability using computer and storage clustering. As a raster data processing platform, GeoRaster provides basic operations, image processing, raster analytics, and data distribution featuring high performance computing (HPC). Specifically, HPC features include locality computing, concurrent processing, parallel processing, and in-memory computing. In addition, the APIs and the plug-in architecture are discussed.

  1. Extreme hydrometeorological events in the Peruvian Central Andes during austral summer and their relationship with the large-scale circulation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sulca, Juan C.

    In this Master's dissertation, atmospheric circulation patterns associated with extreme hydrometeorological events in the Mantaro Basin, Peruvian Central Andes, and their teleconnections during the austral summer (December-January-February-March) are addressed. Extreme rainfall events in the Mantaro basin are related to variations of the large-scale circulation as indicated by the changing strength of the Bolivian High-Nordeste Low (BH-NL) system. Dry (wet) spells are associated with a weakening (strengthening) of the BH-NL system and reduced (enhanced) influx of moist air from the lowlands to the east due to strengthened westerly (easterly) wind anomalies at mid- and upper-tropospheric levels. At the same time extreme rainfall events of the opposite sign occur over northeastern Brazil (NEB) due to enhanced (inhibited) convective activity in conjunction with a strengthened (weakened) Nordeste Low. Cold episodes in the Mantaro Basin are grouped in three types: weak, strong and extraordinary cold episodes. Weak and strong cold episodes in the MB are mainly associated with a weakening of the BH-NL system due to tropical-extratropical interactions. Both types of cold episodes are associated with westerly wind anomalies at mid- and upper-tropospheric levels aloft the Peruvian Central Andes, which inhibit the influx of humid air masses from the lowlands to the east and hence limit the potential for development of convective cloud cover. The resulting clear sky conditions cause nighttime temperatures to drop, leading to cold extremes below the 10-percentile. Extraordinary cold episodes in the MB are associated with cold and dry polar air advection at all tropospheric levels toward the central Peruvian Andes. Therefore, weak and strong cold episodes in the MB appear to be caused by radiative cooling associated with reduced cloudiness, rather than cold air advection, while the latter plays an important role for extraordinary cold episodes only.

  2. Regional Engagement in Africa: Closing the Gap Between Strategic Ends and Ways

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-09-01

    Power Sharing in Rwanda to Successful Top-Down Military Integration,” 11. 41 Stephen D. Biddle, “Military Effectiveness,” in The International...in Rwanda ,” 11. 50 Mukhopadhyay, 558, 560. MARTEN The East African Standby Force (EASF) is East Africa’s contribution to the African Union’s African...efficient than dealing directly with the EASF. Sometimes this causes difficulties in conducting combined activities. In 2009, Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda

  3. 76 FR 49237 - Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Residential Clothes Washers

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-09

    ...In this supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking (SNOPR), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) proposes to revise its test procedure for residential clothes washers established under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA). DOE proposes to incorporate provisions of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard 62301, ``Household electrical appliances--Measurement of standby power'' (Second Edition). DOE also proposes to update the provisions for measuring active mode energy and water consumption.

  4. Design Analysis of a Prepackaged Nuclear Power Plant for an Ice Cap Location

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1959-01-15

    requirements and heating load 1.3 Site Conditions 1,U Air Transportability 1.5 Standby Power Availability 1.6 Building Structuree and Foundations 2,0...Skid with Reactor and Steam Generator Generator Weight Distribution Foundation Load Diagram (Secondary) Turbine Generator Package - Typical...Requirements and Heating Load The plant shall be capable of producing a minimum of 1500 Kw net ^ electrical energy at 4160/2400 volts, three phase

  5. A 380pW Dual Mode Optical Wake-up Receiver with Ambient Noise Cancellation.

    PubMed

    Lim, Wootaek; Jang, Taekwang; Lee, Inhee; Kim, Hun-Seok; Sylvester, Dennis; Blaauw, David

    2016-06-01

    We present a sub-nW optical wake-up receiver for wireless sensor nodes. The wake-up receiver supports dual mode operation for both ultra-low standby power and high data rates, while canceling ambient in-band noise. In 0.18µm CMOS the receiver consumes 380pW in always-on wake-up mode and 28.1µW in fast RX mode at 250kbps.

  6. 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 234 - Schedule of Civil Penalties 1

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ....219Gate arm lights and light cable 1,000 2,000 234.221Lamp voltage 1,000 2,000 234.223Gate arm 1,000 2,000... 234.251Standby power 5,000 7,500 234.253Flashing light units and lamp voltage 1,000 2,000 234.255Gate....265Timing relays and timing devices 1,000 2,000 234.267Insulation resistance tests, wires in trunking and...

  7. Balloonborne Lidar Experiment.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-12-24

    predictable. 1he balloon will be launched with the lidar in standby mode. When an altitude of ib km has been attained, the baroswitch will be opened ...loon will be vaiveo cown to lower altitudes (-bU,0UU ft) and the balloon ruptured on command. lhe payload parachute will open ano the payloac will...values of the quantum efficiencies of the photomultipliers were used, as well as transmission and reflection efficiencies of the optics. The field of

  8. Prospects of the Economic Community of West African States Standby Force

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-06-16

    two speak Portuguese. Member states of ECOWAS are Burkina Faso, Benin , Cape Verde, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea- 6 Bissau, Liberia...Also, the required size of the force to fulfill its mandate was not met. The countries that contributed troops were Benin , Niger and Togo (IRIN 2004...support for ECOWAS troops. Britain channeled its efforts through Ghana; Benin was supported by Belgium; France’s assistance was conveyed through Niger

  9. Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis of Quantum Transport.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-03-15

    mode operation is important to prevent standby power dissipation in circuits. The relevant struc- ture consists of a quantum well one half of which...is intentionally doped while the other half is left undoped. In the absence of any external electric field, electrons mostly reside in the doped half ...electron wavefunction to the undoped half in which the mobility is much higher because of the absence of in-situ impurity scatterir". Consequently the

  10. ASEAN Standby Force: Taking Southeast Asia Security to the Next Level

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-03-01

    official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government . U.S. Army War College CARLISLE BARRACKS...regional community environment. These forums have addressed issues including the Asian financial crisis, food and energy security, human trafficking ...its policies toward China, in light of its growing economic might and military power in the Pacific.35 In China, the government welcomed Mr. Obama’s

  11. New hypersonic facility capability at NASA Lewis Research Center

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Haas, Jeffrey E.; Chamberlin, Roger; Dicus, John H.

    1989-01-01

    Four facility activities are underway at NASA Lewis Research Center to develop new hypersonic propulsion test capability. Two of these efforts consist of upgrades to existing operational facilities. The other two activities will reactivate facilities that have been in a standby condition for over 15 years. These four activities are discussed and the new test facilities NASA Lewis will have in place to support evolving high speed research programs are described.

  12. A 380pW Dual Mode Optical Wake-up Receiver with Ambient Noise Cancellation

    PubMed Central

    Lim, Wootaek; Jang, Taekwang; Lee, Inhee; Kim, Hun-Seok; Sylvester, Dennis; Blaauw, David

    2016-01-01

    We present a sub-nW optical wake-up receiver for wireless sensor nodes. The wake-up receiver supports dual mode operation for both ultra-low standby power and high data rates, while canceling ambient in-band noise. In 0.18µm CMOS the receiver consumes 380pW in always-on wake-up mode and 28.1µW in fast RX mode at 250kbps. PMID:28392978

  13. Method and apparatus for regenerating cold traps within liquid-metal systems

    DOEpatents

    McKee, Jr., John M.

    1976-01-01

    Oxide and hydride impurities of a liquid metal such as sodium are removed from a cold trap by heating to a temperature at which the metal hydroxide is stable in a molten state. The partial pressure of hydrogen within the system is measured to determine if excess hydride or oxide is present. Excess hydride is removed by venting hydrogen gas while excess oxide can be converted to molten hydroxide through the addition of hydrogen. The resulting, molten hydroxide is drained from the trap which is then returned to service at cold trap temperatures within the liquid-metal system.

  14. Cold-end Subsystem Testing for the Fission Power System Technology Demonstration Unit

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Briggs, Maxwell; Gibson, Marc; Ellis, David; Sanzi, James

    2013-01-01

    The Fission Power System (FPS) Technology Demonstration Unit (TDU) consists of a pumped sodium-potassium (NaK) loop that provides heat to a Stirling Power Conversion Unit (PCU), which converts some of that heat into electricity and rejects the waste heat to a pumped water loop. Each of the TDU subsystems is being tested independently prior to full system testing at the NASA Glenn Research Center. The pumped NaK loop is being tested at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center; the Stirling PCU and electrical controller are being tested by Sunpower Inc.; and the pumped water loop is being tested at Glenn. This paper describes cold-end subsystem setup and testing at Glenn. The TDU cold end has been assembled in Vacuum Facility 6 (VF 6) at Glenn, the same chamber that will be used for TDU testing. Cold-end testing in VF 6 will demonstrate functionality; validated cold-end fill, drain, and emergency backup systems; and generated pump performance and system pressure drop data used to validate models. In addition, a low-cost proof-of concept radiator has been built and tested at Glenn, validating the design and demonstrating the feasibility of using low-cost metal radiators as an alternative to high-cost composite radiators in an end-to-end TDU test.

  15. Expanding NevCAN capabilities: monitoring cold air drainage flow along a narrow wash within a Montane to PJ ecotone

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bird, B. M.; Devitt, D.

    2012-12-01

    Cold air drainage flows are a naturally occurring physical process of mountain systems. Plant communities that exist in cold air drainage basins respond to these localized cold air trends, and have been shown to be decoupled from larger global climate weather systems. The assumption that air temperature decreases with altitude is violated within these systems and climate model results based on this assumption would ultimately be inaccurate. In arid regions, high radiation loads lead to significant long wave radiation being emitted from the ground later in the day. As incoming radiation ceases, the surface very quickly loses energy through radiative processes, leading to surface inversions and enhanced cold air drainage opportunities. This study is being conducted in the Mojave desert on Sheep Mountain located between sites 3 and 4 of the NSF EPSCoR network. Monitoring of cold air drainage was initiated in September of 2011within a narrow ravine located between the 2164 and 2350 meter elevation. We have installed 25 towers (5 towers per location situated at the central low point in a ravine and at equal distances up the sides of the ravine on both the N and S facing slopes) to assess air temperatures from 0.1 meters to a height of 3 meters at 25m intervals. Our goal is to better understand the connection between cold air movement and plant physiological response. The species monitored in this study include: Pinus ponderosa (common name: Ponderosa Pine), Pinus pinyon (Pinyon Pine), Juniperus osteosperma (Utah juniper), Cercocarpus intricatus (Mountain Mahogany) and Symphoricarpos (snowberry). Hourly air temperature measurements within the wash are being captured from 100 ibuttons placed within PVC solar radiation shields. We are also developing a modeling approach to assess the three dimensional movement of cold air over time by incorporating wind vectors captured from 5 2D sonic anemometers. Wind velocities will be paired with air temperatures to better understand the thermal dynamics of cold air drainage. Granier probes were installed in the five test species to monitor transpirational flow relative to cold air movement. Mid day soil - plant - water measurements are also being taken on a monthly basis during the growing season at all locations. Measurements include: leaf xylem water potential, stomata conductance, chlorophyll index readings, canopy minus ambient temperatures and surface soil moisture contents. To date the monitoring system has revealed cold air drainage occurring during periods of every month. We will report the physiological response of the five plant species, with emphasis on assessing the linkages with cold air movement.

  16. Chip based MEMS Ion Thruster to significantly enhance Cold Gas Thruster Lifetime for LISA

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tajmar, M.; Laufer, P.; Bock, D.

    2017-05-01

    Micropropulsion is a key component for ultraprecise attitude and orbit control required by the eLISA mission. LISA pathfinder uses cold gas micro thrusters that are accurate but require large tanks due to their very low specific impulse, which in turn limits the possible mission duration of the follow up eLISA mission. Recently, we developed a compact MEMS ion thruster on the chip with a size of only 1cm2 that can be simply attached to a gas feeding line like the one used for cold gas thrusters. It provides a specific impulse greater than 1000 s and only requires a single DC voltage. Since the operating principle is based on field emission, very low thrust noises similar to FEEP thrusters are expected but with gas propellants. The MEMS ion thruster chip could be mounted in parallel to the existing gold gas system providing high Isp and therefore long mission durations while leaving the cold gas system in place. To enable a possible mission extension, the MEMS ion thruster could take over from the cold gas system as a backup while maintaining the existing micropropulsion thruster system with its heritage therefore minimum risk.

  17. Rapid toluene mineralization by aquifer microorganisms at Adak, Alaska: Implications for intrinsic bioremediation in cold environments

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Bradley, P.M.; Chapelle, F.H.

    1995-01-01

    Sediments from a relatively cold (5??C), petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated aquifer in Adak, AK, mineralized [14C]toluene at an aerobic rate (16.3% day-1 at 5??C) comparable to that (5.1% day-1 at 20??C) of sediments from a more temperate aquifer at Hanahan, SC. In addition, rates of overall microbial metabolism in sediments from the two aquifers, as estimated by [1 -14C]acetate mineralization, were similar (???10.6% h-1) at their respective in situ temperatures. These results are not consistent with the common assumption that biodegradation rates in cold ground-water systems are depressed relative to more temperate systems. Furthermore, these results suggest that intrinsic bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in cold groundwater systems may be technically feasible, in some cases.

  18. System and method of applying energetic ions for sterilization

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Schmidt, John A.

    2003-12-23

    A method of sterilization of a container is provided whereby a cold plasma is caused to be disposed near a surface to be sterilized, and the cold plasma is then subjected to a pulsed voltage differential for producing energized ions in the plasma. Those energized ions then operate to achieve spore destruction on the surface to be sterilized. Further, a system for sterilization of a container which includes a conductive or non-conductive container, a cold plasma in proximity to the container, and a high voltage source for delivering a pulsed voltage differential between an electrode and the container and acrossmore » the cold plasma, is provided.« less

  19. Significance of Landsat-7 Spacecraft Level Thermal Balance and Thermal Test for ETM+Instrument

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Choi, Michael K.

    1999-01-01

    The thermal design and the instrument thermal vacuum (T/V) test of the Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) instrument were based on the Landsat-4, 5 and 6 heritage. The ETM+ scanner thermal model was also inherited from Landsat-4, 5 and 6. The temperature predictions of many scanner components in the original thermal model had poor agreement with the spacecraft and instrument integrated sun-pointing safehold (SPSH) thermal balance (T/B) test results. The spacecraft and instrument integrated T/B test led to a change of the Full Aperture Calibrator (FAC) motor stack "solar shield" coating from MIL-C-5541 to multi-layer insulation (MLI) thermal blanket. The temperature predictions of the Auxiliary Electronics Module (AEM) in the thermal model also had poor agreement with the T/B test results. Modifications to the scanner and AEM thermal models were performed to give good agreement between the temperature predictions and the test results. The correlated ETM+ thermal model was used to obtain flight temperature predictions. The flight temperature predictions in the nominal 15-orbit mission profile, plus margins, were used as the yellow limits for most of the ETM+ components. The spacecraft and instrument integrated T/B and TN test also revealed that the standby heater capacity on the Scan Mirror Assembly (SMA) was insufficient when the Earth Background Simulator (EBS) was 1 50C or colder, and the baffle heater possibly caused the coherent noise in the narrow band data when it was on. Also, the cooler cool-down was significantly faster than that in the instrument T/V test, and the coldest Cold Focal Plane Array (CFPA) temperature achieved was colder.

  20. Ex-vivo perfusion of donor hearts for human heart transplantation (PROCEED II): a prospective, open-label, multicentre, randomised non-inferiority trial.

    PubMed

    Ardehali, Abbas; Esmailian, Fardad; Deng, Mario; Soltesz, Edward; Hsich, Eileen; Naka, Yoshifumi; Mancini, Donna; Camacho, Margarita; Zucker, Mark; Leprince, Pascal; Padera, Robert; Kobashigawa, Jon

    2015-06-27

    The Organ Care System is the only clinical platform for ex-vivo perfusion of human donor hearts. The system preserves the donor heart in a warm beating state during transport from the donor hospital to the recipient hospital. We aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of the Organ Care System compared with standard cold storage of human donor hearts for transplantation. We did this prospective, open-label, multicentre, randomised non-inferiority trial at ten heart-transplant centres in the USA and Europe. Eligible heart-transplant candidates (aged >18 years) were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive donor hearts preserved with either the Organ Care System or standard cold storage. Participants, investigators, and medical staff were not masked to group assignment. The primary endpoint was 30 day patient and graft survival, with a 10% non-inferiority margin. We did analyses in the intention-to-treat, as-treated, and per-protocol populations. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00855712. Between June 29, 2010, and Sept 16, 2013, we randomly assigned 130 patients to the Organ Care System group (n=67) or the standard cold storage group (n=63). 30 day patient and graft survival rates were 94% (n=63) in the Organ Care System group and 97% (n=61) in the standard cold storage group (difference 2·8%, one-sided 95% upper confidence bound 8·8; p=0·45). Eight (13%) patients in the Organ Care System group and nine (14%) patients in the standard cold storage group had cardiac-related serious adverse events. Heart transplantation using donor hearts adequately preserved with the Organ Care System or with standard cold storage yield similar short-term clinical outcomes. The metabolic assessment capability of the Organ Care System needs further study. TransMedics. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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