Sample records for colonise rural houses

  1. Molecular Genetics Reveal That Silvatic Rhodnius prolixus Do Colonise Rural Houses

    PubMed Central

    Fitzpatrick, Sinead; Feliciangeli, Maria Dora; Sanchez-Martin, Maria J.; Monteiro, Fernando A.; Miles, Michael A.

    2008-01-01

    Background Rhodnius prolixus is the main vector of Chagas disease in Venezuela. Here, domestic infestations of poor quality rural housing have persisted despite four decades of vector control. This is in contrast to the Southern Cone region of South America, where the main vector, Triatoma infestans, has been eliminated over large areas. The repeated colonisation of houses by silvatic populations of R. prolixus potentially explains the control difficulties. However, controversy surrounds the existence of silvatic R. prolixus: it has been suggested that all silvatic populations are in fact Rhodnius robustus, a related species of minor epidemiological importance. Here we investigate, by direct sequencing (mtcytb, D2) and by microsatellite analysis, 1) the identity of silvatic Rhodnius and 2) whether silvatic populations of Rhodnius are isolated from domestic populations. Methods and Findings Direct sequencing confirmed the presence of R. prolixus in palms and that silvatic bugs can colonise houses, with house and palm specimens sharing seven cytb haplotypes. Additionally, mitochondrial introgression was detected between R. robustus and R. prolixus, indicating a previous hybridisation event. The use of ten polymorphic microsatellite loci revealed a lack of genetic structure between silvatic and domestic ecotopes (non-significant FST values), which is indicative of unrestricted gene flow. Conclusions Our analyses demonstrate that silvatic R. prolixus presents an unquestionable threat to the control of Chagas disease in Venezuela. The design of improved control strategies is essential for successful long term control and could include modified spraying and surveillance practices, together with housing improvements. PMID:18382605

  2. Molecular genetics reveal that silvatic Rhodnius prolixus do colonise rural houses.

    PubMed

    Fitzpatrick, Sinead; Feliciangeli, Maria Dora; Sanchez-Martin, Maria J; Monteiro, Fernando A; Miles, Michael A

    2008-04-02

    Rhodnius prolixus is the main vector of Chagas disease in Venezuela. Here, domestic infestations of poor quality rural housing have persisted despite four decades of vector control. This is in contrast to the Southern Cone region of South America, where the main vector, Triatoma infestans, has been eliminated over large areas. The repeated colonisation of houses by silvatic populations of R. prolixus potentially explains the control difficulties. However, controversy surrounds the existence of silvatic R. prolixus: it has been suggested that all silvatic populations are in fact Rhodnius robustus, a related species of minor epidemiological importance. Here we investigate, by direct sequencing (mtcytb, D2) and by microsatellite analysis, 1) the identity of silvatic Rhodnius and 2) whether silvatic populations of Rhodnius are isolated from domestic populations. Direct sequencing confirmed the presence of R. prolixus in palms and that silvatic bugs can colonise houses, with house and palm specimens sharing seven cytb haplotypes. Additionally, mitochondrial introgression was detected between R. robustus and R. prolixus, indicating a previous hybridisation event. The use of ten polymorphic microsatellite loci revealed a lack of genetic structure between silvatic and domestic ecotopes (non-significant F(ST) values), which is indicative of unrestricted gene flow. Our analyses demonstrate that silvatic R. prolixus presents an unquestionable threat to the control of Chagas disease in Venezuela. The design of improved control strategies is essential for successful long term control and could include modified spraying and surveillance practices, together with housing improvements.

  3. The peri-urban interface and house infestation with Triatoma infestans in the Argentine Chaco: an underreported process?

    PubMed Central

    Provecho, Yael M; Gaspe, M Sol; del Pilar Fernández, M; Enriquez, Gustavo F; Weinberg, Diego; Gürtler, Ricardo E

    2014-01-01

    Peri-urban infestations with triatomine bugs, their sources and their dynamics have rarely been investigated. Here, we corroborated the reported occurrence of Triatoma infestans in a peri-urban area and in neighbouring rural houses in Pampa del Indio, in the Argentine Chaco, and identified its putative sources using spatial analysis and demographic questionnaires. Peri-urban householders reported that 10% of their premises had triatomines, whereas T. infestans was collected by timed manual searches or community-based surveillance in only nine (3%) houses. Trypanosoma cruzi-infected T. infestans and Triatoma sordida were collected indoors only in peri-urban houses and were infected with TcV and TcI, respectively. The triatomines fed on chickens, cats and humans. Peri-urban infestations were most frequent in a squatter settlement and particularly within the recently built mud houses of rural immigrants, with large-sized households, more dogs and cats and more crowding. Several of the observed infestations were most likely associated with passive bug transport from other sources and with active bug dispersal from neighbouring foci. Thus, the households in the squatter settlement were at a greater risk of bug invasion and colonisation. In sum, the incipient process of domestic colonisation and transmission, along with persistent rural-to-urban migratory flows and unplanned urbanisation, indicate the need for active vector surveillance and control actions at the peri-urban interface of the Gran Chaco. PMID:25410997

  4. A panel of ten microsatellite loci for the Chagas disease vector Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae).

    PubMed

    Fitzpatrick, S; Watts, P C; Feliciangeli, M D; Miles, M A; Kemp, S J

    2009-03-01

    Rhodnius prolixus is the main vector of Chagas disease in Venezuela, where it is found colonising rural housing consisting of unplastered adobe walls with palm and/or metal roofs. Vector control failure in Venezuela may be due to the invasion of houses by silvatic populations of R. prolixus found in palms. As part of a study to determine if domestic and silvatic populations of R. prolixus are isolated, thus clarifying the role of silvatic populations in maintaining house infestations, we constructed three partial genomic microsatellite libraries. A panel of ten dinucleotide polymorphic microsatellite markers was selected for genotyping. Allele numbers per locus ranged from three to twelve, with observed and expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.26 to 0.55 and 0.32 to 0.66. The microsatellite markers presented here will contribute to the control of Chagas disease in Venezuela and Colombia through the provision of population information that may allow the design of improved control strategies.

  5. Positive deviance study to inform a Chagas disease control program in southern Ecuador.

    PubMed

    Nieto-Sanchez, Claudia; Baus, Esteban G; Guerrero, Darwin; Grijalva, Mario J

    2015-05-01

    Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, which is mainly transmitted by the faeces of triatomine insects that find favourable environments in poorly constructed houses. Previous studies have documented persistent triatomine infestation in houses in the province of Loja in southern Ecuador despite repeated insecticide and educational interventions. We aim to develop a sustainable strategy for the interruption of Chagas disease transmission by promoting living environments that are designed to prevent colonisation of rural houses by triatomines. This study used positive deviance to inform the design of an anti-triatomine prototype house by identifying knowledge, attitudes and practices used by families that have remained triatomine-free (2010-2012). Positive deviants reported practices that included maintenance of structural elements of the house, fumigation of dwellings and animal shelters, sweeping with "insect repellent" plants and relocation of domestic animals away from the house, among others. Participants favoured construction materials that do not drastically differ from those currently used (adobe walls and tile roofs). They also expressed their belief in a clear connection between a clean house and health. The family's economic dynamics affect space use and must be considered in the prototype's design. Overall, the results indicate a positive climate for the introduction of housing improvements as a protective measure against Chagas disease in this region.

  6. Positive deviance study to inform a Chagas disease control program in southern Ecuador

    PubMed Central

    Nieto-Sanchez, Claudia; Baus, Esteban G; Guerrero, Darwin; Grijalva, Mario J

    2015-01-01

    Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, which is mainly transmitted by the faeces of triatomine insects that find favourable environments in poorly constructed houses. Previous studies have documented persistent triatomine infestation in houses in the province of Loja in southern Ecuador despite repeated insecticide and educational interventions. We aim to develop a sustainable strategy for the interruption of Chagas disease transmission by promoting living environments that are designed to prevent colonisation of rural houses by triatomines. This study used positive deviance to inform the design of an anti-triatomine prototype house by identifying knowledge, attitudes and practices used by families that have remained triatomine-free (2010-2012). Positive deviants reported practices that included maintenance of structural elements of the house, fumigation of dwellings and animal shelters, sweeping with "insect repellent" plants and relocation of domestic animals away from the house, among others. Participants favoured construction materials that do not drastically differ from those currently used (adobe walls and tile roofs). They also expressed their belief in a clear connection between a clean house and health. The family's economic dynamics affect space use and must be considered in the prototype's design. Overall, the results indicate a positive climate for the introduction of housing improvements as a protective measure against Chagas disease in this region. PMID:25807468

  7. Insects colonising carcasses in open and forest habitats of Central Europe: search for indicators of corpse relocation.

    PubMed

    Matuszewski, Szymon; Szafałowicz, Michał; Jarmusz, Mateusz

    2013-09-10

    Several traces may reveal the post-mortem relocation of a corpse. Insects are particularly useful for that purpose. The use of insects for inferring the transfer of a corpse rests on a premise that particular species colonise corpses in different habitats. However, only some insects reveal a strong preference for a given type of habitat. In order to find those insects which colonise corpses exclusively in open habitats, as opposed to forest habitats, a pig carrion study was made in rural open and rural forest habitats of Central Europe. Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Dermestes frischi, Dermestes laniarius (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), Omosita colon, some species of Nitidula (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and Necrobia rufipes (Coleoptera: Cleridae) were found to breed exclusively in open habitats. Only Oiceoptoma thoracicum (Coleoptera: Silphidae) avoided definitely breeding in open habitats. Sarcophaga caerulescens (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) regularly bred in open habitats but rarely bred in forests. Accordingly, L. sericata, D. frischi, O. colon, species of Nitidula and supposedly N. rufipes may be classified as indicators of corpse relocation from rural open to rural forest habitats of Central Europe. Only O. thoracicum may be classified as an indicator of the relocation in an opposite direction. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. Rural Gentrification and the Processes of Class Colonisation.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Phillips, Martin

    1993-01-01

    A survey of 109 households in 4 villages in Gower, South Wales, examined social-class changes associated with rural gentrification, the contention that gentrifiers are embodiments of capital, child-rearing concerns as a motive for gentrification, the influence of gender inequalities, and comparisons with urban examples of gentrification. Contains…

  9. Genomic epidemiology of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus across colonisation and skin and soft tissue infection.

    PubMed

    Grinberg, Alex; Biggs, Patrick J; Zhang, Ji; Ritchie, Stephen; Oneroa, Zachary; O'Neill, Charlotte; Karkaba, Ali; Velathanthiri, Niluka S; Coombs, Geoffrey W

    2017-10-01

    Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infection (Sa-SSTI) places a significant burden on healthcare systems. New Zealand has a high incidence of Sa-SSTI, and here most morbidity is caused by a polyclonal methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) bacterial population. However, MSSA also colonise asymptomatically the cornified epithelia of approximately 20% of the population, and their divide between commensalism and pathogenicity is poorly understood. We aimed to see whether MSSA are genetically differentiated across colonisation and SSTI; and given the close interactions between people and pets, whether strains isolated from pets differ from human strains. We compared the genomes of contemporaneous colonisation and clinical MSSA isolates obtained in New Zealand from humans and pets. Core and accessory genome comparisons revealed a homogeneous bacterial population across colonisation, disease, humans, and pets. The rate of MSSA colonisation in dogs was comparatively low (5.4%). In New Zealand, most Sa-SSTI morbidity is caused by a random sample of the colonising MSSA population, consistent with the opportunistic infection model rather than the paradigm distinguishing strains according to their pathogenicity. Thus, studies of the factors determining colonisation and immune-escape may be more beneficial than comparative virulence studies. Contact with house-hold pets may pose low zoonotic risk. Copyright © 2017 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. 76 FR 52305 - Notice of Funding Availability: Section 515 Multi-Family Housing Preservation Revolving Loan Fund...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-22

    ... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Rural Housing Service Notice of Funding Availability: Section 515 Multi...: Rural Housing Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Rural Housing Service of Rural Development..., Financial and Loan Analyst, Multi-Family Housing, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Rural Housing Service...

  11. 77 FR 41256 - Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Limit Change

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-13

    ..., 10.410 Very Low to Moderate Income Housing Loans, 10.411 Rural Housing Site Loans and Self-Help Housing Land Development Loans, 10.415 Rural Rental Housing Loans, 10.417 Very Low- Income Housing Repair Loans and Grants, 10.420 Rural Self-Help Housing Technical Assistance, 10.427 Rural Rental Assistance...

  12. 77 FR 42265 - Notice of Funding Availability: Section 515 Multi-Family Housing Preservation Revolving Loan Fund...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-18

    ... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Rural Housing Service Notice of Funding Availability: Section 515 Multi... Housing Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Rural Housing Service of Rural Development previously... of Agriculture, Rural Housing Service, 4949 Kirschling Court, Stevens Point, Wisconsin 54481 or by...

  13. [Accessible Rural Housing.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Baker, Nick, Ed.

    1995-01-01

    This issue of the quarterly newsletter "Rural Exchange" provides information and resources on accessible rural housing for the disabled. "Accessible Manufactured Housing Could Increase Rural Home Supply" (Nick Baker) suggests that incorporation of access features such as lever door handles and no-step entries into manufactured housing could help…

  14. 7 CFR 1944.662 - Eligibility of HPG assistance on rental properties or co-ops.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Housing... the HPG grantee. The dwelling must be located in a rural area and be in need of housing preservation...

  15. 24 CFR 81.13 - Central Cities, Rural Areas, and Other Underserved Areas Housing Goal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Central Cities, Rural Areas, and...) Housing Goals § 81.13 Central Cities, Rural Areas, and Other Underserved Areas Housing Goal. (a) Purpose... cities, rural areas, and other underserved areas is intended to achieve increased purchases by the GSEs...

  16. 24 CFR 81.13 - Central Cities, Rural Areas, and Other Underserved Areas Housing Goal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Central Cities, Rural Areas, and...) Housing Goals § 81.13 Central Cities, Rural Areas, and Other Underserved Areas Housing Goal. (a) Purpose... cities, rural areas, and other underserved areas is intended to achieve increased purchases by the GSEs...

  17. 75 FR 20541 - Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing: Defining “Homeless”

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-20

    ... Housing Stability Program. The HEARTH Act also codifies in statutory law the Continuum of Care planning... activities and to add rapid re-housing activities. The new Rural Housing Stability program replaces the Rural... Care program, and the Rural Housing Stability program. Each of these programs will include the...

  18. Campylobacter spp. contamination of chicken carcasses during processing in relation to flock colonisation.

    PubMed

    Allen, V M; Bull, S A; Corry, J E L; Domingue, G; Jørgensen, F; Frost, J A; Whyte, R; Gonzalez, A; Elviss, N; Humphrey, T J

    2007-01-01

    The presence and numbers of campylobacters on chicken carcasses from 26 slaughter groups, originating from 22 single-house flocks and processed in four UK plants, were studied in relation to the level of flock colonisation determined by examining the caecal contents of at least ten birds per group. The prevalence of campylobacters on carcasses from five campylobacter-negative flocks processed just after other negative flocks was low (8.0 log(10) cfu) than carcasses originating from low prevalence flocks (average of 2.3 log(10) cfu; range: <1.1 to 4.1 log(10) cfu). There was a reduction in the numbers of campylobacters on carcasses between plucking and chilling in eight of ten fully colonised flocks. In another eight flocks, a significant (P<0.001) decrease (0.8 log(10) cfu) in the number of campylobacters on carcasses from just before to after chilling was detected. Campylobacter spp. could be isolated from aerosols, particles and droplets in considerable numbers in the hanging-on, defeathering and evisceration areas but not in the chillers. This was the case even when campylobacters were not isolated from the target flock. Campylobacters on carcasses from two partly colonised flocks were either the same subtype, as determined by speciation, Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) and flaA Restricted Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) typing, as those in the fully colonised flocks processed previously, although not necessarily the most prevalent ones; or were the same subtypes as those found in the caeca of the flock itself. The prevalences of the different campylobacter subtypes found on carcasses from two fully colonised flocks did not closely reflect those found in the caeca. MLST combined with flaA RFLP provided a good method for ascertaining the relatedness of strains isolated from carcasses and caecal contents. This study showed that carcass contamination is related to the within-flock prevalence of campylobacter colonisation, but that contamination from previously processed flocks was also significant, especially on carcasses from low prevalence flocks. Forced dry air cooling of carcasses reduced contamination levels.

  19. 75 FR 33573 - Rural Housing Service

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-14

    ... Housing Program (GRRHP) Demonstration Program for Fiscal Year 2010; Correction AGENCY: Rural Housing... in the Federal Register of May 10, 2010, announcing the implementation of a demonstration program under the section 538 Guaranteed Rural Rental Housing Program (GRHHP) for Fiscal Year 2010. A correction...

  20. 12 CFR 1282.13 - Central Cities, Rural Areas, and Other Underserved Areas Housing Goal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Central Cities, Rural Areas, and Other... HOUSING GOALS AND MISSION ENTERPRISE HOUSING GOALS AND MISSION Housing Goals § 1282.13 Central Cities... purchase by each Enterprise of mortgages on housing located in central cities, rural areas, and other...

  1. Substandard Housing.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Milkove, Daniel L., Comp.

    1986-01-01

    Defines substandard housing and summarizes newly derived data from the 1980 Census showing that 7.5% of all rural occupied housing in the Nation was substandard. Points out regional and rural-urban differences. Notes effects on rural housing of poverty rates, percentage of nonwhite households, average household size, growth in county population,…

  2. The eco-epidemiology of Triatoma infestans in the temperate Monte Desert ecoregion of mid-western Argentina

    PubMed Central

    Carbajal-de-la-Fuente, Ana Laura; Provecho, Yael Mariana; Fernández, María del Pilar; Cardinal, Marta Victoria; Lencina, Patricia; Spillmann, Cynthia; Gürtler, Ricardo Esteban

    2017-01-01

    BACKGROUND The eco-epidemiological status of Chagas disease in the Monte Desert ecoregion of western Argentina is largely unknown. We investigated the environmental and socio-demographic determinants of house infestation with Triatoma infestans, bug abundance, vector infection with Trypanosoma cruzi and host-feeding sources in a well-defined rural area of Lavalle Department in the Mendoza province. METHODS Technical personnel inspected 198 houses for evidence of infestation with T. infestans, and the 76 houses included in the current study were re-inspected. In parallel with the vector survey, an environmental and socio-demographic survey was also conducted. Univariate risk factor analysis for domiciliary infestation was carried out using Firth penalised logistic regression. We fitted generalised linear models for house infestation and bug abundance. Blood meals were tested with a direct ELISA assay, and T. cruzi infection was determined using a hot-start polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the kinetoplast minicircle (kDNA-PCR). FINDINGS The households studied included an aged population living in precarious houses whose main economic activities included goat husbandry. T. infestans was found in 21.2% of 198 houses and in 55.3% of the 76 re-inspected houses. Peridomestic habitats exhibited higher infestation rates and bug abundances than did domiciles, and goat corrals showed high levels of infestation. The main host-feeding sources were goats. Vector infection was present in 10.2% of domiciles and 3.2% of peridomiciles. Generalised linear models showed that peridomestic infestation was positively and significantly associated with the presence of mud walls and the abundance of chickens and goats, and bug abundance increased with the number of all hosts except rabbits. MAIN CONCLUSIONS We highlight the relative importance of specific peridomestic structures (i.e., goat corrals and chicken coops) associated with construction materials and host abundance as sources of persistent bug infestation driving domestic colonisation. Environmental management strategies framed in a community-based programme combined with improved insecticide spraying and sustained vector surveillance are needed to effectively suppress local T. infestans populations. PMID:28953998

  3. Report on the White House Consultation with Rural Women.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rural American Women, Inc., Washington, DC.

    At the White House Consultation with Rural Women held in June 1980, over 250 women from all walks of rural life and from 12 other nations responded to the Carter Administration's rural policy on small farms, health, employment, communications, education, housing, food, agriculture, and land and energy issues and made recommendations for action for…

  4. 7 CFR 1951.218 - Use of Rural Development loans and grants for other purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE... Servicing of Community and Direct Business Programs Loans and Grants § 1951.218 Use of Rural Development... the Administrator of the Rural Housing Service or Rural Business-Cooperative Service that has the...

  5. Energy saving performance of a combined insulation system in the rural houses of west China

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xiao, Qiubo; Liu, Yu; Wang, Yang

    2018-05-01

    Deficiency of thermal insulation structure has caused discomfort of indoor thermal environment in the general rural houses in west China. This paper introduces a series of field investigations on the energy saving performance of a combined insulation system (CIS) in the rural houses of west China. The results show that, comparing to an ordinary rural house in the same region, CIS can reduce heating energy consumption for about 21.5 percent.

  6. The integration of traditional and advanced design in the formation of sustainable New Rural Housing solutions.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Khai Tran, Van

    2018-04-01

    Socio-economic growth in Vietnam greatly depends on the new rural development process in this country; the work is considered a strategic position in national development. Thus, the study of the principles of the architectural design of new rural housing solutions in accordance with the New Rural Environment as required by the Vietnam Ministry of Construction has become urgent. Climate change has become a global concern, so the creation of significant impacts by architectural designs to respond to climate change and make the living environment of rural people better is a major demand. Experience has shown that the dogmatic application of current urban-type housing does not reach the requirements of New Rural Housing. This research intends to show that the solutions of the traditional Vietnamese rural house, which retains the advantages of traditional architecture with excellent characteristics that have been challenged over thousands of years, when combined with advanced design methodologies and technologies, will be the appropriate solution for ‘New Rural Housing’.

  7. 7 CFR 1940.560 - Guarantee Rural Rental Housing Program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Guarantee Rural Rental Housing Program. 1940.560 Section 1940.560 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING... OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Methodology and Formulas for...

  8. Gut microbiota recovery and immune response in ampicillin-treated mice.

    PubMed

    Castro-Mejía, Josué L; Jakesevic, Maja; Fabricius, Niels F; Krych, Łukasz; Nielsen, Dennis S; Kot, Witold; Bendtsen, Katja M; Vogensen, Finn K; Hansen, Camilla H F; Hansen, Axel K

    2018-06-01

    Ampicillin is applied in rodents to induce a temporarily depleted microbiota. To elucidate whether bacteria are just temporarily suppressed or fully eliminated, and how this affects the re-colonisation process, we compared the microbiota and immune system in conventionally housed untreated mice with newly weaned ampicillin treated mice subsequently housed in either a microbe containing environment or in an isolator with only host associated suppressed bacteria to recolonize the gut. Two weeks ampicillin treatment induced a seemingly germ-free state with no bacterial DNA to reveal. Four weeks after treatment caeca were still significantly enlarged in both treated groups, but bacteria re-appeared even in isolator housed mice. While some suppressed bacteria were able to recover and even dominate the community, the abundances and composition were far from the untreated mice and differed between isolator and conventional housing. The treatment reduced the innate cytokine expressions at least for three weeks after treatment, and had a non-lasting reducing impact on the regulatory T cells, and a more lasting impact on the natural killer T cells. We conclude that temporary ampicillin treatment suppresses the majority but does not eliminate all the gut microbiota members. The re-colonisation process is as such influenced by both suppressed host associated bacteria and by environmental bacteria. Treated mice do not re-obtain a complex gut microbiota comparable to untreated mice, and the immune response and gut morphology reflect this. This is a concern when comparing host parameters sensitive to microbial regulation after an antibiotic-induced temporarily "germ-free" state. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. 78 FR 38361 - Announcement of Funding Awards for the Rural Capacity Building for Community Development and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-26

    ... business and administrative capabilities of rural community-based housing development organizations, CDCs... community-based housing development organizations, CDCs, CHDOs, and local governments in addition to Indian... Awards for the Rural Capacity Building for Community Development and Affordable Housing Program Fiscal...

  10. 7 CFR 1955.51 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) PROPERTY MANAGEMENT Management of Property § 1955.51 Purpose. This subpart delegates authority and prescribes policies and procedures for the Rural Housing Service (RHS), Rural Business...

  11. 77 FR 3998 - U.S. Department of Agriculture Multi-Family Housing Program 2012 Industry Forums-Open...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-26

    ... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Rural Housing Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Multi-Family Housing Program 2012 Industry Forums--Open Teleconference and/or Web Conference Meetings AGENCY: Rural Housing Service, USDA. [[Page 3999

  12. 7 CFR 3565.352 - Preservation of affordable housing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Preservation of affordable housing. 3565.352 Section 3565.352 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.352 Preservation...

  13. 7 CFR 3565.352 - Preservation of affordable housing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Preservation of affordable housing. 3565.352 Section 3565.352 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.352 Preservation...

  14. 7 CFR 3565.352 - Preservation of affordable housing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Preservation of affordable housing. 3565.352 Section 3565.352 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.352 Preservation...

  15. 7 CFR 3565.352 - Preservation of affordable housing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Preservation of affordable housing. 3565.352 Section 3565.352 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.352 Preservation...

  16. 7 CFR 3565.352 - Preservation of affordable housing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Preservation of affordable housing. 3565.352 Section 3565.352 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.352 Preservation...

  17. 7 CFR 3575.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., brother, sister, aunt, uncle, grandparent, grandchild, niece, or nephew. In-house expenses. In-house... office). Rural and rural area. (1) For fiscal year 1999, the terms “rural” and “rural area” mean a city.... (2) For later fiscal years, the terms “rural” and “rural area” mean a city, town, or unincorporated...

  18. Community Facilities, Housing and Community Renewal in New York State: A Preliminary Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    New York State Legislative Commission on Rural Resources, Albany.

    The First Statewide Legislative Symposium on Rural Development reported that, while community facilities and housing are vital to the successful growth and renewal of New York's rural areas, these requirements are not being met for many rural communities. Rural population influxes have caused escalating costs for maintenance and improvement of…

  19. 7 CFR 1955.111 - Sale of real estate for RH purposes (housing).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Sale of real estate for RH purposes (housing). 1955.111 Section 1955.111 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL... Inventory Property Rural Housing (rh) Real Property § 1955.111 Sale of real estate for RH purposes (housing...

  20. 7 CFR 1955.111 - Sale of real estate for RH purposes (housing).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Sale of real estate for RH purposes (housing). 1955.111 Section 1955.111 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL... Inventory Property Rural Housing (rh) Real Property § 1955.111 Sale of real estate for RH purposes (housing...

  1. 7 CFR 1955.111 - Sale of real estate for RH purposes (housing).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Sale of real estate for RH purposes (housing). 1955.111 Section 1955.111 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL... Inventory Property Rural Housing (rh) Real Property § 1955.111 Sale of real estate for RH purposes (housing...

  2. 7 CFR 1955.111 - Sale of real estate for RH purposes (housing).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Sale of real estate for RH purposes (housing). 1955.111 Section 1955.111 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL... Inventory Property Rural Housing (rh) Real Property § 1955.111 Sale of real estate for RH purposes (housing...

  3. 7 CFR 1944.71 - Term of grant.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM... may be submitted after the annual housing application packaging orientation and training is held. The...

  4. 7 CFR 1924.101 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR Planning and Performing Site Development Work § 1924.101 Purpose. This subpart establishes the basic Rural Housing Service (RHS) policies for planning and performing site development work...

  5. 7 CFR 1806.25 - Conditions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE...-unit housing facilities. (1) If the financial assistance is to buy a dwelling or multi-unit housing...) Nonresidential buildings. Construction plans and specifications for new buildings or improvements to existing...

  6. 7 CFR 1957.4 - Graduation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Graduation. 1957.4 Section 1957.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) ASSET SALES Rural Housing Asset Sales § 1957.4 Graduation. Borrowers will not be...

  7. 7 CFR 1957.4 - Graduation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Graduation. 1957.4 Section 1957.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) ASSET SALES Rural Housing Asset Sales § 1957.4 Graduation. Borrowers will not be...

  8. 7 CFR 1957.4 - Graduation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Graduation. 1957.4 Section 1957.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) ASSET SALES Rural Housing Asset Sales § 1957.4 Graduation. Borrowers will not be...

  9. 7 CFR 1957.4 - Graduation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Graduation. 1957.4 Section 1957.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) ASSET SALES Rural Housing Asset Sales § 1957.4 Graduation. Borrowers will not be...

  10. 7 CFR 1957.4 - Graduation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Graduation. 1957.4 Section 1957.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) ASSET SALES Rural Housing Asset Sales § 1957.4 Graduation. Borrowers will not be...

  11. 75 FR 28542 - Notice of Funds Availability for the Section 533 Housing Preservation Grants for Fiscal Year 2010

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-21

    ... Notice of Funds Availability for the Section 533 Housing Preservation Grants for Fiscal Year 2010 AGENCY... applications under its Housing Preservation Grant program. The set-aside funding for the Rural Economic Area... Housing Preservation and Direct Loan Division, USDA Rural Development, Stop 0781, 1400 Independence Avenue...

  12. 75 FR 27286 - Notice of Intent to Hold Public Forums to Solicit Feedback From the Public Regarding the Section...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-14

    ... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Rural Housing Service Notice of Intent to Hold Public Forums to Solicit Feedback From the Public Regarding the Section 523 Mutual Self-Help Housing Program AGENCY: Rural Housing... the Section 523 Mutual Self-Help Housing Program. Notice is hereby given that the forums scheduled for...

  13. Manufactured Homes as Affordable Housing in Rural Areas. Rural Information Center Publication Series, No. 5.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Czerniak, Robert, Comp.

    This bibliography includes citations of approximately 60 books and articles pertaining to manufactured housing or "mobile homes," an important segment of the national housing industry. The availability of manufactured homes for low and moderate income groups is significant in light of skyrocketing new-housing costs. The South leads the nation with…

  14. National and Rural Housing Policy. Historical Development and Emerging Issues.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Reeder, William J.; And Others

    This report traces the historical development of federal housing policy that has promoted a 40% decline in substandard housing and a 20% increase in homeownership over the past 50 years. It presents emerging national and rural housing policy concerns: the proper role of federal, state, and local governments in the mortgage credit and insurance…

  15. 75 FR 9867 - Discontinuation of the Notice of Availability of Funding; Multi-Family Housing, Single Family...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-04

    ... documents other than rules #0;or proposed rules that are applicable to the public. Notices of hearings #0... Discontinuation of the Notice of Availability of Funding; Multi- Family Housing, Single Family Housing AGENCY... is to inform the public that the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Rural Development's Rural Housing...

  16. 75 FR 20325 - Notice of Intent To Hold Public Forums To Solicit Feedback From the Public Regarding the Section...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-19

    ... Mutual Self-Help Housing Program AGENCY: Rural Housing Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Rural... upcoming public forums and request for comments regarding the Section 523 Mutual Self-Help Housing Program...

  17. 7 CFR 1944.670 - Project income.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Project income. 1944.670 Section 1944.670 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Housing Preservation Grants § 1944.670 Project income. (a) Project income...

  18. 7 CFR 1944.670 - Project income.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2011-01-01 2009-01-01 true Project income. 1944.670 Section 1944.670 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Housing Preservation Grants § 1944.670 Project income. (a) Project income...

  19. 7 CFR 1944.670 - Project income.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Project income. 1944.670 Section 1944.670 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Housing Preservation Grants § 1944.670 Project income. (a) Project income...

  20. 7 CFR 1944.670 - Project income.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Project income. 1944.670 Section 1944.670 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Housing Preservation Grants § 1944.670 Project income. (a) Project income...

  1. 7 CFR 1944.670 - Project income.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Project income. 1944.670 Section 1944.670 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Housing Preservation Grants § 1944.670 Project income. (a) Project income...

  2. 7 CFR 1944.402 - Grant purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Self-Help Technical Assistance Grants § 1944.402 Grant purposes. Farmers Home... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... defined in Appendix 9 of HB-1-3550 (available in any Rural Development office), in carrying out self-help...

  3. 7 CFR 1944.510 - Applicant eligibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... responsibly in the field of low-income rural housing development and counseling, or other business management... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Applicant eligibility. 1944.510 Section 1944.510 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...

  4. 7 CFR 1944.652 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2011-01-01 2009-01-01 true Policy. 1944.652 Section 1944.652 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Housing Preservation Grants § 1944.652 Policy. (a) The policy of RHS is to...

  5. 7 CFR 1955.111 - Sale of real estate for RH purposes (housing).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) PROPERTY MANAGEMENT Disposal of... Housing Act of 1949, as amended, (RH property). Single family units (generally which secured loans made...

  6. 7 CFR 1980.378-1980.389 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true [Reserved] 1980.378-1980.389 Section 1980.378-1980.389 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Rural Housing Loans §§ 1980.378-1980.389 [Reserved] ...

  7. 7 CFR 1980.378-1980.389 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false [Reserved] 1980.378-1980.389 Section 1980.378-1980.389 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL... (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Rural Housing Loans §§ 1980.378-1980.389 [Reserved] ...

  8. 7 CFR 1944.412 - Docket preparation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Self-Help Technical Assistance Grants § 1944.412 Docket... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... Fair Housing Marketing Plan 3 1 1-O and 1C 1-C Certified Copy Authorizing Resolution 1 1 1-O - Self...

  9. 7 CFR 2003.18 - Functional organization of RHS.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... and 504 Rural Housing direct and guaranteed loan and grant programs, Rural Housing and Self-Help Site loans, the Self-Help Technical Assistance grant program, Housing Application Packaging and Technical and Supervisory Assistance grants, and Home Improvement and Repaid loans and grants. The office directs the...

  10. 7 CFR 2003.18 - Functional organization of RHS.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... and 504 Rural Housing direct and guaranteed loan and grant programs, Rural Housing and Self-Help Site loans, the Self-Help Technical Assistance grant program, Housing Application Packaging and Technical and Supervisory Assistance grants, and Home Improvement and Repaid loans and grants. The office directs the...

  11. 7 CFR 2003.18 - Functional organization of RHS.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... and 504 Rural Housing direct and guaranteed loan and grant programs, Rural Housing and Self-Help Site loans, the Self-Help Technical Assistance grant program, Housing Application Packaging and Technical and Supervisory Assistance grants, and Home Improvement and Repaid loans and grants. The office directs the...

  12. 7 CFR 2003.18 - Functional organization of RHS.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... and 504 Rural Housing direct and guaranteed loan and grant programs, Rural Housing and Self-Help Site loans, the Self-Help Technical Assistance grant program, Housing Application Packaging and Technical and Supervisory Assistance grants, and Home Improvement and Repaid loans and grants. The office directs the...

  13. 7 CFR 1962.6 - Liens and assignments on chattel property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ..., RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF..., including FSA Farm Programs (formerly ASCS) payments. (2) When a current loan is not being made to a... taken as additional security for Farm Ownership (FO), Rural Housing (RH), Labor Housing (LH), and Soil...

  14. Improving the Distribution of Rural Health Houses Using Elicitation and GIS in Khuzestan Province (the Southwest of Iran).

    PubMed

    Mohammadi, Ali; Valinejadi, Ali; Sakipour, Sara; Hemmat, Morteza; Zarei, Javad; Askari Majdabadi, Hesamedin

    2017-08-27

    Rural health houses constitute a major provider of some primary health services in the villages of Iran. Given the challenges of providing health services in rural areas, health houses should be established based on the criteria of health network systems (HNSs). The value of these criteria and their precedence over others have not yet been thoroughly investigated. The present study was conducted to propose a model for improving the distribution of rural health houses in HNSs. The present applied study was conducted in Khuzestan province in the southwest of Iran in 2014-2016. First, the descriptive and spatial data required were collected and entered into ArcGIS after modifications, and the Geodatabase was then created. Based on the criteria of the HNS and according to experts' opinions, the main criteria and the sub-criteria for an optimal site selection were determined. To determine the criteria's coefficient of importance (ie, their weight), the main criteria and the sub-criteria were compared in pairs according to experts' opinions. The results of the pairwise comparisons were entered into Expert Choice and the weight of the main criteria and the sub-criteria were determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The application layers were then formed in geographic information system (GIS). A model was ultimately proposed in the GIS for the optimal distribution of rural health houses by overlaying the weighting layers and the other layers related to villages and rural health houses. Based on the experts' opinions, six criteria were determined as the main criteria for an optimal site selection for rural health houses, including welfare infrastructures, population, dispersion, accessibility, corresponding routes, distance to the rural health center and the absence of natural barriers to accessibility. Of the main criteria proposed, the highest weight was given to "population" (0.506). The priorities suggested in the proposed model for establishing rural health houses are presented within five zoning levels -from excellent to very poor. The results of the study showed that the proposed model can help provide a better picture of the distribution of rural health houses. The GIS is recommended to be used as a means of making the HNS more efficient. © 2018 The Author(s); Published by Kerman University of Medical Sciences. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

  15. Rural Housing--Need and Non-Response.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rural Housing Alliance, Washington, DC.

    Rural areas contain 25 percent of the nation's population and 60 percent of its substandard housing, a fact primarily attributable to maldistribution of income, geographic distribution, and racial discrimination. Federal intervention in housing has been largely indirect and to the benefit of upper income groups, with tax subsidies accounting for…

  16. 7 CFR 1924.115 - Single Family Housing site evaluation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Single Family Housing site evaluation. 1924.115... SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT... Work § 1924.115 Single Family Housing site evaluation. (a) Site review. The site approval official will...

  17. 7 CFR Exhibit C to Subpart N of... - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true [Reserved] C Exhibit C to Subpart N of Part 1944 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Housing Preservation Grants Exhibit C to Subpart N of Part 1944...

  18. 7 CFR Exhibit C to Subpart N of... - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2011-01-01 2009-01-01 true [Reserved] C Exhibit C to Subpart N of Part 1944 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Housing Preservation Grants Exhibit C to Subpart N of Part 1944...

  19. 7 CFR Exhibit C to Subpart N of... - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false [Reserved] C Exhibit C to Subpart N of Part 1944 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Housing Preservation Grants Exhibit C to Subpart N of Part 1944...

  20. 78 FR 672 - Civil Monetary Penalties

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-04

    ... Part 3560 RIN 0575AC93 Civil Monetary Penalties AGENCY: Rural Housing Service, USDA. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: The Rural Housing Service (RHS or Agency) proposes to implement two civil monetary... civil monetary penalties under the authority of 42 U.S.C. 1490s (section 543 of the Housing Act of 1949...

  1. 78 FR 12032 - U.S. Department of Agriculture Multi-Family Housing Program 2013 Industry Forums-Open...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-21

    ... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Rural Housing Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Multi-Family Housing Program 2013 Industry Forums--Open Teleconference and/or Web Conference Meetings AGENCY: Rural... at www.ascr.usda.gov , or write to: U.S Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistance Secretary...

  2. 7 CFR 1955.72 - Utilization of inventory housing by Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) or under a...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Family Housing Servicing and Property Management (SFH/SPM) Division in the National Office. [54 FR 20523... Management Agency (FEMA) or under a Memorandum of Understanding between the Agency and the Department of... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...

  3. Fiscal Conservatism versus Local Paternalism: Divergent Experiences of Public Housing Decline in Rural Areas of England during the 1980s

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Long, Ian

    2005-01-01

    This paper examines the differential response of two rural districts of England (Fenland and Waveney) to changes in council house provisioning in the 1980s. It is situated in a decade when major policy shifts in social housing policy were occurring at the national level with local governments devising new social housing strategies in response.…

  4. Rural housing for control of Chagas disease in Venezuela.

    PubMed

    Briceno-Leon, R

    1987-12-01

    The home is an important protective element for the health of its inhabitants - but these inhabitants often include not only the householders but also domestic pests and vectors of disease. This is particularly so in Latin America where domestic triatomine bugs thrive in many of the poorer quality rural houses, emerging from their crevices at night to feed and transmit Trypanosoma cruzi in their faeces. At the public health level, there is neither drug nor vaccine suitable for controlling T. cruzi - causative agent of Chagas disease - but transmission can be interrupted by control of the domestic vectors. Traditionally, vector control has involved spraying houses with residual insecticides, but a more long-term solution, with many colateral benefits, is to improve rural housing in such a way that colonization by triatomine bugs is inhibited. Such an approach involves development of low-cost techniques for house construction, and mobilization of rural communities to make use of them. In this, Venezuela has played a leading role, as Roberto Briceno-Leon reports.

  5. Flood disaster risk assessment of rural housings--a case study of Kouqian Town in China.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Qi; Zhang, Jiquan; Jiang, Liupeng; Liu, Xingpeng; Tong, Zhijun

    2014-04-03

    Floods are a devastating kind of natural disaster. About half of the population in China lives in rural areas. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the flood disaster risk of rural housings. The results are valuable for guiding the rescue and relief goods layout. In this study, we take the severe flood disaster that happened at Kouqian Town in Jilin, China in 2010 as an example to build an risk assessment system for flood disaster on rural housings. Based on the theory of natural disaster risk formation and "3S" technology (remote sensing, geography information systems and global positioning systems), taking the rural housing as the bearing body, we assess the flood disaster risk from three aspects: hazard, exposure and vulnerability. The hazard presented as the flood submerging range and depth. The exposure presented as the values of the housing and the property in it. The vulnerability presented as the relationship between the losses caused by flood and flood depth. We validate the model by the field survey after the flood disaster. The risk assessment results highly coincide with the field survey losses. This model can be used to assess the risk of other flood events in this area.

  6. Landowners and the Structure of Affordable Housing Provision in Rural Scotland

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Satsangi, M.

    2005-01-01

    This paper looks at the behaviour of private landowners in rural Scotland in relation to housing supply, particularly renting and low-cost housing. The theme is one that has received relatively little research. In consequence, the paper is set in the context of two rather broader traditions in the literature of examining investor/developer…

  7. 7 CFR Exhibit B to Subpart F of... - Suggested Outline for Seeking Information From Lenders on Credit Criteria for Graduation of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... on Credit Criteria for Graduation of Single Family Housing Loans B Exhibit B to Subpart F of Part 1951 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL... Seeking Information From Lenders on Credit Criteria for Graduation of Single Family Housing Loans Date...

  8. 7 CFR 1955.133 - Nondiscrimination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) PROPERTY MANAGEMENT Disposal of Inventory Property General § 1955.133... for which the Federal financial assistance was extended. (b) Affirmative Fair Housing Marketing Plan...

  9. Indoor dust and air concentrations of endotoxin in urban and rural environments.

    PubMed

    Barnig, C; Reboux, G; Roussel, S; Casset, A; Sohy, C; Dalphin, J-C; de Blay, F

    2013-03-01

    Rural dairy farming is associated with high exposure to indoor endotoxins as compared to rural nonfarming houses and urban houses. The time spent on the mattress (7 h for an adult) and of the proximity of the contaminated source should be taken into account with the other causes of exposure. Studies in European children from a farming background have shown that these children have a reduced risk of asthma and atopic sensitization compared to their urban counterparts. It has been suggested that this might be due to exposure to high levels of endotoxin in the farming environment. The aim of this study was to compare indoor endotoxin concentrations in air and dust samples from randomly selected urban and rural dwellings. In the rural area, endotoxins were analysed in farmhouses and nonfarmhouses as well as housing characteristics, lifestyle factors and agricultural practices likely to influence air and dust endotoxin levels. Endotoxin levels were significantly higher in floor (6600 ± 6100 vs 3600 ± 5600 and 3800 ± 17,000 ng g⁻¹; P < 0·001) and mattress dust (2900 ± 4100 vs 1100 ± 2400 and 800 ± 2600 ng g⁻¹; P < 0·001) from farmhouses compared to other rural and urban homes. However, no difference was observed between endotoxin concentrations in the air of urban and rural houses, and airborne endotoxin levels did not correlate to dust levels. Lack of ventilation and direct entry into the house were correlated with an increase in dust endotoxin levels. These results confirm that dairy farming is associated with high exposure to endotoxins in indoor dust samples. No difference was observed between indoor airborne concentrations between urban and rural houses. These results suggest that measuring endotoxin in dust is the most relevant method to assess endotoxin exposure. © 2012 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

  10. 7 CFR 1944.408 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Self-Help Technical Assistance Grants § 1944.408 [Reserved] ... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true [Reserved] 1944.408 Section 1944.408 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE...

  11. 7 CFR 1944.418 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Self-Help Technical Assistance Grants § 1944.418 [Reserved] ... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true [Reserved] 1944.418 Section 1944.418 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE...

  12. 7 CFR 1944.414 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Self-Help Technical Assistance Grants § 1944.414 [Reserved] ... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true [Reserved] 1944.414 Section 1944.414 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE...

  13. 7 CFR 1955.2 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) PROPERTY MANAGEMENT Liquidation of Loans Secured by Real Estate and Acquisition of... sale of the property by the borrower (except for Multiple Family Housing (MFH) loans subject to...

  14. 7 CFR 1944.407 - Limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Self-Help Technical Assistance Grants § 1944.407 Limitations. The amount of... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... typical needed repairs, and the cost savings between self-help and contractor rehabilitation and repair...

  15. 7 CFR 1956.76-1956.83 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true [Reserved] 1956.76-1956.83 Section 1956.76-1956.83 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... Housing §§ 1956.76-1956.83 [Reserved] ...

  16. 7 CFR 1956.58-1956.65 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true [Reserved] 1956.58-1956.65 Section 1956.58-1956.65 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... Housing §§ 1956.58-1956.65 [Reserved] ...

  17. 7 CFR 1956.55-1956.56 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true [Reserved] 1956.55-1956.56 Section 1956.55-1956.56 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... Housing §§ 1956.55-1956.56 [Reserved] ...

  18. 7 CFR 1956.52-1956.53 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true [Reserved] 1956.52-1956.53 Section 1956.52-1956.53 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... Housing §§ 1956.52-1956.53 [Reserved] ...

  19. 7 CFR 1956.72-1956.74 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true [Reserved] 1956.72-1956.74 Section 1956.72-1956.74 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... Housing §§ 1956.72-1956.74 [Reserved] ...

  20. 7 CFR 1956.86-1956.95 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true [Reserved] 1956.86-1956.95 Section 1956.86-1956.95 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... Housing §§ 1956.86-1956.95 [Reserved] ...

  1. 7 CFR 1944.510 - Applicant eligibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Applicant eligibility. 1944.510 Section 1944.510 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Technical and Supervisory Assistance Grants § 1944.510 Applicant...

  2. 7 CFR 1944.510 - Applicant eligibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Applicant eligibility. 1944.510 Section 1944.510 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Technical and Supervisory Assistance Grants § 1944.510 Applicant...

  3. 7 CFR 1944.547 - Management assistance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Management assistance. 1944.547 Section 1944.547 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Technical and Supervisory Assistance Grants § 1944.547 Management...

  4. 7 CFR 1955.101 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Community and Business Programs (C&BP) and Multi-Family Housing (MFH) which will be handled in accordance... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) PROPERTY MANAGEMENT Disposal of Inventory Property § 1955.101 Purpose. This subpart...

  5. 7 CFR 1902.1 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... accounting systems; e.g., Program Loan Accounting System, Automated Multi-Housing Accounting System, and... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... SUPERVISED BANK ACCOUNTS Supervised Bank Accounts of Loan, Grant, and Other Funds § 1902.1 General. This...

  6. 7 CFR 1902.1 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... accounting systems; e.g., Program Loan Accounting System, Automated Multi-Housing Accounting System, and... of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... SUPERVISED BANK ACCOUNTS Supervised Bank Accounts of Loan, Grant, and Other Funds § 1902.1 General. This...

  7. 7 CFR 1902.1 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... accounting systems; e.g., Program Loan Accounting System, Automated Multi-Housing Accounting System, and... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... SUPERVISED BANK ACCOUNTS Supervised Bank Accounts of Loan, Grant, and Other Funds § 1902.1 General. This...

  8. 7 CFR 1902.1 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... accounting systems; e.g., Program Loan Accounting System, Automated Multi-Housing Accounting System, and... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... SUPERVISED BANK ACCOUNTS Supervised Bank Accounts of Loan, Grant, and Other Funds § 1902.1 General. This...

  9. Flood Disaster Risk Assessment of Rural Housings — A Case Study of Kouqian Town in China

    PubMed Central

    Zhang, Qi; Zhang, Jiquan; Jiang, Liupeng; Liu, Xingpeng; Tong, Zhijun

    2014-01-01

    Floods are a devastating kind of natural disaster. About half of the population in China lives in rural areas. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the flood disaster risk of rural housings. The results are valuable for guiding the rescue and relief goods layout. In this study, we take the severe flood disaster that happened at Kouqian Town in Jilin, China in 2010 as an example to build an risk assessment system for flood disaster on rural housings. Based on the theory of natural disaster risk formation and “3S” technology (remote sensing, geography information systems and global positioning systems), taking the rural housing as the bearing body, we assess the flood disaster risk from three aspects: hazard, exposure and vulnerability. The hazard presented as the flood submerging range and depth. The exposure presented as the values of the housing and the property in it. The vulnerability presented as the relationship between the losses caused by flood and flood depth. We validate the model by the field survey after the flood disaster. The risk assessment results highly coincide with the field survey losses. This model can be used to assess the risk of other flood events in this area. PMID:24705363

  10. A comparison of two systems for chlorinating water in rural Honduras.

    PubMed

    Henderson, Amy K; Sack, R Bradley; Toledo, Erick

    2005-09-01

    This study investigated a small subset of the two community water-disinfection systems--hypochlorinators and tablet feeders-in rural Honduras. Levels of residual chlorine were assessed at three locations within the distribution system: the tank, the proximal house, and the distal house. The levels of residual chlorine were compared with the standard guidelines set by the Pan American Health Organization and the International Rural Water Association for potable water that require a minimum of 1.0 (tank), 0.5 (proximal house), and 0.2 (distal house) ppm for each location. The levels of residual chlorine were also compared across systems, e.g. hypochlorinators to tablet feeders. At the tank and proximal house, tablet feeders had significantly higher mean values for levels of residual chlorine (measured in ppm) than hypochlorinators (tank: 1.20 vs 0.67; proximal house: 0.44 vs 0.32, p < 0.001 for both) with no significant difference at the distal house (0.16 vs 0.16). At the tank and proximal house, tablet feeders were more likely to meet recommended standards than hypochlorinators (90.3% vs 13.3%, p < 0.0001 and 41.3% vs 23.7%, p < 0.0001) with a smaller difference seen at the distal house (30.6% vs 27.1%, p = 0.24). The apparent dichotomy in chlorine levels of tablet feeders (e.g. between tank/proximal house and distal house) is discussed. The results suggest that tablet feeders may be more effective than hypochlorinators in supplying clean water in rural, resource-poor settings and possibly serve as an alternative technology for water disinfection. Further research on techniques for empowering and building capacity within community water boards will help organize and introduce sustainable water systems in developing countries.

  11. 7 CFR 1944.406 - Prohibited use of grant funds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Self-Help Technical Assistance Grants § 1944.406....406 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL... construction work for participating families in the self-help projects. (b) Buying real estate or building...

  12. 7 CFR 1944.419 - Final grantee evaluation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Self-Help Technical Assistance Grants § 1944.419 Final grantee... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS..., application, this regulation, and any amendments. (a) This is a quantitative evaluation of the grantee to...

  13. 7 CFR 1944.409 - Executive Order 12372.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Self-Help Technical Assistance Grants § 1944.409 Executive Order 12372. The self-help program is subject to the provision of Executive Order 12372 which requires... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...

  14. 7 CFR 1956.98 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true [Reserved] 1956.98 Section 1956.98 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Farm Loan Programs and Multi-Family Housing § 1956.98...

  15. 7 CFR 1956.69 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true [Reserved] 1956.69 Section 1956.69 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Farm Loan Programs and Multi-Family Housing § 1956.69...

  16. 7 CFR 1956.51 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Purpose. 1956.51 Section 1956.51 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Farm Loan Programs and Multi-Family Housing § 1956.51...

  17. 7 CFR 1955.101 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM... will be handled in accordance with this Subpart.This subpart does not apply to Farm Service Agency, Farm Loan Programs, Single Family Housing (SFH) inventory property, or to the Rural Rental Housing...

  18. 7 CFR 1944.536 - Grant closing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Grant closing. 1944.536 Section 1944.536 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Technical and Supervisory Assistance Grants § 1944.536 Grant closing. Closing...

  19. 7 CFR 1948.52 - Objectives.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Objectives. 1948.52 Section 1948.52 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... development activities by providing assistance for the development of growth management and housing plans and...

  20. 7 CFR 2003.10 - Rural Development State Offices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Multi-Family Housing loans and grants, Community Facility, Water and Waste Disposal, Business and... BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... accounting purposes, are housed in the RHS agency. (b) Program Directors within the State Office provide...

  1. 7 CFR 3565.400 - OMB control number.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false OMB control number. 3565.400 Section 3565.400 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.400 OMB control number...

  2. 7 CFR 3565.355 - Changes in ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Changes in ownership. 3565.355 Section 3565.355 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.355 Changes in ownership. Any...

  3. 7 CFR 1944.416 - Grant closing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Self-Help Technical Assistance Grants § 1944.416 Grant closing. The grant is... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Grant closing. 1944.416 Section 1944.416 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE...

  4. 7 CFR 3565.101 - Responsibility of lenders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Lender Requirements § 3565.101 Responsibility of lenders... regulation and program requirements throughout the life of a loan or guarantee, whichever is less. When it is...

  5. 7 CFR 3565.208 - Maximum loan term.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Loan Requirements § 3565.208 Maximum loan term. (a... guaranteed loan exceed the lesser of 40 years or the remaining economic life of the project. (b) Prepayment...

  6. 7 CFR 1944.51 - Objective.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... benefits from Federal, State, and local housing programs. The targeted groups are very low- and low-income... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... (42 U.S.C. 1479). Grants reimburse eligible organizations for part or all of the costs of conducting...

  7. 7 CFR 3565.355 - Changes in ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Changes in ownership. 3565.355 Section 3565.355 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.355 Changes in ownership. Any...

  8. 7 CFR 3565.355 - Changes in ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Changes in ownership. 3565.355 Section 3565.355 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.355 Changes in ownership. Any...

  9. 7 CFR 3565.400 - OMB control number.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false OMB control number. 3565.400 Section 3565.400 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.400 OMB control number...

  10. 7 CFR 3565.400 - OMB control number.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false OMB control number. 3565.400 Section 3565.400 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.400 OMB control number...

  11. 7 CFR 3565.355 - Changes in ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Changes in ownership. 3565.355 Section 3565.355 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.355 Changes in ownership. Any...

  12. 7 CFR 3565.355 - Changes in ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Changes in ownership. 3565.355 Section 3565.355 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.355 Changes in ownership. Any...

  13. 7 CFR 3565.400 - OMB control number.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false OMB control number. 3565.400 Section 3565.400 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.400 OMB control number...

  14. 7 CFR 3565.400 - OMB control number.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false OMB control number. 3565.400 Section 3565.400 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.400 OMB control number...

  15. 7 CFR 1948.98 - Grant agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Grant agreements. 1948.98 Section 1948.98 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... of this subpart is a Grant Agreement for Growth Management and Housing Planning Grants for approved...

  16. 7 CFR 1948.59 - Ineligible activities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... Program § 1948.59 Ineligible activities. (a) Growth management and housing planning grant funds may not be... Governments;” (5) Planning for areas other than approved designated areas; (6) Planning other than growth...

  17. 7 CFR 3565.354 - Fair housing accommodations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.354 Fair housing... in the development of the property, the selection of applicants for housing, and ongoing management...

  18. 7 CFR 3565.354 - Fair housing accommodations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.354 Fair housing... in the development of the property, the selection of applicants for housing, and ongoing management...

  19. 7 CFR 3565.354 - Fair housing accommodations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.354 Fair housing... in the development of the property, the selection of applicants for housing, and ongoing management...

  20. 7 CFR 3565.354 - Fair housing accommodations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.354 Fair housing... in the development of the property, the selection of applicants for housing, and ongoing management...

  1. 7 CFR 3565.354 - Fair housing accommodations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.354 Fair housing... in the development of the property, the selection of applicants for housing, and ongoing management...

  2. The City House and the Country House: Land-Use Policies and Rural Poverty in the Northeast. Coal, Poverty, and Development Policy in Eastern Kentucky. Development and Management of Forest Resources for Rural Development in the Pacific Northwest. Natural and Human Resources: Major Public Policy and Minority Rural Land Ownership, Management, and Use. Rural Development, Poverty, and Natural Resources Workshop Paper Series, Part V.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Popper, Frank J.; And Others

    This workshop collection contains four case studies regarding particular relationships between specific resources and clientele or user groups, and three discussions based on those four papers and/or conference discussions. The first paper discusses urban land use origins and compares urban policies with rural policies suggesting that future rural…

  3. 7 CFR 3565.356-3565.399 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 3565.356-3565.399 Section 3565.356-3565.399 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management §§ 3565.356-3565.399...

  4. 7 CFR 1956.97 - Disposition of promissory notes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Disposition of promissory notes. 1956.97 Section 1956.97 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL...-Family Housing § 1956.97 Disposition of promissory notes. (a) Notes evidencing debts settled by completed...

  5. 7 CFR 1956.84 - Approval or rejection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Approval or rejection. 1956.84 Section 1956.84 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... Housing § 1956.84 Approval or rejection. (a)-(d) [Reserved] (e) Appeal rights. A debtor whose debt...

  6. Quality of Community Life among Rural Residents: An Integrated Model

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Auh, Seongyeon; Cook, Christine C.

    2009-01-01

    The purpose of this research was to explore the relationships among housing satisfaction, community attachment and community satisfaction and the complex mechanisms involved in predicting community satisfaction among residents in rural communities. The role of housing satisfaction and community attachment in predicting community satisfaction was…

  7. 7 CFR 1980.319 - Other Federal, State, and local requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Other Federal, State, and local requirements. 1980.319 Section 1980.319 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING... OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Rural Housing Loans § 1980.319...

  8. 7 CFR 3565.356-3565.399 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false [Reserved] 3565.356-3565.399 Section 3565.356-3565.399 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management §§ 3565.356-3565.399...

  9. 7 CFR 3565.356-3565.399 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false [Reserved] 3565.356-3565.399 Section 3565.356-3565.399 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management §§ 3565.356-3565.399...

  10. 7 CFR 3565.356-3565.399 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false [Reserved] 3565.356-3565.399 Section 3565.356-3565.399 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management §§ 3565.356-3565.399...

  11. 7 CFR 3565.356-3565.399 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false [Reserved] 3565.356-3565.399 Section 3565.356-3565.399 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management §§ 3565.356-3565.399...

  12. 7 CFR 1955.117 - Processing credit sales on program terms (housing).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    .... For MFH credit sales to profit or limited profit buyers, any excess earnest money deposit will be... HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY.... However, if a profit or limited profit applicant desires to earn a return, the applicant will be required...

  13. 7 CFR 1955.117 - Processing credit sales on program terms (housing).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    .... For MFH credit sales to profit or limited profit buyers, any excess earnest money deposit will be... HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY.... However, if a profit or limited profit applicant desires to earn a return, the applicant will be required...

  14. 7 CFR 1955.117 - Processing credit sales on program terms (housing).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    .... For MFH credit sales to profit or limited profit buyers, any excess earnest money deposit will be... HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY.... However, if a profit or limited profit applicant desires to earn a return, the applicant will be required...

  15. 7 CFR 1955.117 - Processing credit sales on program terms (housing).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    .... For MFH credit sales to profit or limited profit buyers, any excess earnest money deposit will be... HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY.... However, if a profit or limited profit applicant desires to earn a return, the applicant will be required...

  16. 7 CFR 1955.117 - Processing credit sales on program terms (housing).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    .... For MFH credit sales to profit or limited profit buyers, any excess earnest money deposit will be... HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY.... However, if a profit or limited profit applicant desires to earn a return, the applicant will be required...

  17. 75 FR 3892 - USDA Section 538 Guaranteed Rural Rental Housing Program; 2010 Industry Forums-Open...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-25

    ... Program; 2010 Industry Forums--Open Teleconference and/or Web Conference Meetings AGENCY: Rural Housing Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice announces a series of teleconference and/or Web... of their opportunity to participate in the teleconference and/or web conference meetings. DATES: The...

  18. 7 CFR 3565.6 - Inclusion of tax-exempt debt.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Inclusion of tax-exempt debt. 3565.6 Section 3565.6 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM General Provisions § 3565.6 Inclusion of tax-exempt debt...

  19. 7 CFR 3565.6 - Inclusion of tax-exempt debt.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Inclusion of tax-exempt debt. 3565.6 Section 3565.6 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM General Provisions § 3565.6 Inclusion of tax-exempt debt...

  20. 7 CFR 3565.6 - Inclusion of tax-exempt debt.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Inclusion of tax-exempt debt. 3565.6 Section 3565.6 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM General Provisions § 3565.6 Inclusion of tax-exempt debt...

  1. Rural Housing Site Planning in North Carolina. Agricultural Extension Publication 105.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hester, Randolph T., Jr.; And Others

    Addressing the problems of rural housing site selection and development in North Carolina, this guide is designed for cooperative and coordinated use by: technical assistance personnel employed by the Farmers Home Administration; local lending institutions; Health Departments; the Agricultural Extension Service; the Soil Conservation Service; and…

  2. 7 CFR 3565.6 - Inclusion of tax-exempt debt.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Inclusion of tax-exempt debt. 3565.6 Section 3565.6 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM General Provisions § 3565.6 Inclusion of tax-exempt debt...

  3. 7 CFR 3565.6 - Inclusion of tax-exempt debt.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Inclusion of tax-exempt debt. 3565.6 Section 3565.6 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM General Provisions § 3565.6 Inclusion of tax-exempt debt...

  4. 7 CFR 1948.55 - Source of funds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Source of funds. 1948.55 Section 1948.55 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... this program. (b) Grants made for growth management and housing planning may equal but will not exceed...

  5. Cardboard Houses with Wings: The Architecture of Alabama's Rural Studio

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Botz-Bornstein, Thorsten

    2010-01-01

    The Rural Studio, an outreach program of Auburn University, designs innovative houses for poor people living in Alabama's Hale County by using "junk" such as car windshields, carpet tiles, baled cardboard, and old license plates. The article theorizes this particular architecture in terms of Critical Regionalism, developed by…

  6. Housing Satisfaction of Older (55+) Single-Person Householders in U.S. Rural Communities.

    PubMed

    Ahn, Mira; Lee, Sung-Jin

    2016-08-01

    This study aims to understand the housing satisfaction of older (55+) single-person householders in U.S. rural communities using the available variables from a secondary data set, the 2011 American Housing Survey (AHS). In this study, housing satisfaction was considered to be an indicator of quality of life. Based on previous studies, we developed a model to test a hypothesized relationship between older (55+) single-person householders' (N = 1,017) housing satisfaction and their personal, physical, financial, and environmental characteristics. Multiple regression results showed that the model was supported, indicating that significant variables in housing satisfaction include age, gender, health status, age of house, structure type, and unit location. Among the significant variables, health status was revealed to be the strongest factor in housing satisfaction. Housing satisfaction was discussed as potential indicators of quality of life. © The Author(s) 2015.

  7. 77 FR 16203 - Section 538 Guaranteed Rural Rental Housing Program 2012 Industry Forums-Open Teleconference and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-20

    ... Program 2012 Industry Forums--Open Teleconference and/or Web Conference Meetings AGENCY: Rural Housing Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice announces a series of teleconference and/or web... general public of their opportunity to participate in the teleconference and/or web conference meetings...

  8. 76 FR 8712 - Section 538 Guaranteed Rural Rental Housing Program 2011 Industry Forums-Open Teleconference and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-15

    ... Program 2011 Industry Forums--Open Teleconference and/or Web Conference Meetings AGENCY: Rural Housing Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice announces a series of teleconference and/or Web... opportunity to participate in the teleconference and/or Web conference meetings. DATES: The dates and times...

  9. 78 FR 17349 - Section 538 Guaranteed Rural Rental Housing Program 2013 Industry Forums-Open Teleconference and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-21

    ... Section 538 Guaranteed Rural Rental Housing Program 2013 Industry Forums--Open Teleconference and/or Web... series of teleconference and/or web conference meetings regarding the U.S. Department of Agriculture... teleconference and/or web conference meetings. DATES: The dates and times for the teleconference and/or web...

  10. Rural vs. Suburban Residential Choice: A Progress Report. Technical Report 107A.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gray, Morris J.; And Others

    As part of an ongoing investigation to determine the locational behavior of single-family-housing residents on the metropolitan fringe, a pilot study was conducted which simulated residential choice by asking respondents to rate the economy, convenience, and desirability of rural housing descriptions relative to a standard suburban residence. Four…

  11. 76 FR 34839 - Establishment of the White House Rural Council

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-14

    ... of America and in order to enhance Federal engagement with rural communities, it is hereby ordered as... Quality; (24) the White House Office of Public Engagement and Intergovernmental Affairs; (25) the White... part of the member's department, agency, or office, and who is a full-time officer or employee of the...

  12. 7 CFR 1942.304 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) ASSOCIATIONS Rural Business Enterprise Grants and Television Demonstration Grants § 1942.304 Definitions. Project. For rural business enterprise grants, the result of the use of program...

  13. "There's a housing crisis going on in Sydney for Aboriginal people": focus group accounts of housing and perceived associations with health.

    PubMed

    Andersen, Melanie J; Williamson, Anna B; Fernando, Peter; Redman, Sally; Vincent, Frank

    2016-05-24

    Poor housing is widely cited as an important determinant of the poor health status of Aboriginal Australians, as for indigenous peoples in other wealthy nations with histories of colonisation such as Canada, the United States of America and New Zealand. While the majority of Aboriginal Australians live in urban areas, most research into housing and its relationship with health has been conducted with those living in remote communities. This study explores the views of Aboriginal people living in Western Sydney about their housing circumstances and what relationships, if any, they perceive between housing and health. Four focus groups were conducted with clients and staff of an Aboriginal community-controlled health service in Western Sydney (n = 38). Inductive, thematic analysis was conducted using framework data management methods in NVivo10. Five high-level themes were derived: the battle to access housing; secondary homelessness; overcrowding; poor dwelling conditions; and housing as a key determinant of health. Participants associated their challenging housing experiences with poor physical health and poor social and emotional wellbeing. Housing issues were said to affect people differently across the life course; participants expressed particular concern that poor housing was harming the health and developmental trajectories of many urban Aboriginal children. Housing was perceived as a pivotal determinant of health and wellbeing that either facilitates or hinders prospects for full and healthy lives. Many of the specific health concerns participants attributed to poor housing echo existing epidemiological research findings. These findings suggest that housing may be a key intervention point for improving the health of urban Aboriginal Australians.

  14. 7 CFR 1944.514 - Comprehensive TSA grant projects.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF... growth or decline, the amount of inadequate housing, economic conditions, and trends of the rural areas...

  15. 7 CFR 1944.514 - Comprehensive TSA grant projects.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ..., RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF... growth or decline, the amount of inadequate housing, economic conditions, and trends of the rural areas...

  16. Factors influencing indoor PM2.5 concentration in rural houses of northern China

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Xueyan; Chen, Bin

    2018-02-01

    In traditional houses in rural areas of Northern China, most traditional heating systems, heated by mini-stove in the kitchen, usually take agricultural residues as fuels resources. Besides, burning cave under the ground-floor of a rural house is also widely used. The higher PM2.5 concentration is crisis for human health. In this study, PM2.5 concentration, temperature, relative humidity inside and outside the houses have been measured, moreover the factors impact on I/O rate coefficient has been discussed. The results show that the I/O rate coefficient in the evening is 2.5 times greater than the I/O rate coefficient in the daytime. I/O rate coefficient of PM2.5 concentration is positive related to air temperature difference between indoor and outdoor. In addition, the impact of outdoor wind speed and predominant wind direction on the PM2.5 emission has been studied.

  17. 7 CFR 1940.959 - Area plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL System for Delivery of Certain Rural Development Programs § 1940.959 Area plan...

  18. 7 CFR 1940.959 - Area plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL System for Delivery of Certain Rural Development Programs § 1940.959 Area plan...

  19. 7 CFR 1940.959 - Area plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL System for Delivery of Certain Rural Development Programs § 1940.959 Area plan...

  20. 7 CFR 1940.959 - Area plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL System for Delivery of Certain Rural Development Programs § 1940.959 Area plan...

  1. 7 CFR 1951.708 - Notification to recipient.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... of the demand letter are modified in writing by Rural Development. (c) Unless Rural Development... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... Other Financial Assistance Was Received-Community and Insured Business Programs. § 1951.708 Notification...

  2. 7 CFR 1940.304 - Special policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM... successor agency under Public Law 103-354 recognizes that its specific mission of assisting rural areas...

  3. 7 CFR 3555.209 - Rural Energy Plus loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Rural Energy Plus loans. 3555.209 Section 3555.209... AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL HOUSING PROGRAM (Eff. 9-1-14) Underwriting the Property § 3555.209 Rural Energy Plus loans. Loans guaranteed under Rural Energy Plus provisions are for the purchase of energy...

  4. Targeted delivery of probiotics to enhance gastrointestinal stability and intestinal colonisation.

    PubMed

    Dodoo, Cornelius C; Wang, Jie; Basit, Abdul W; Stapleton, Paul; Gaisford, Simon

    2017-09-15

    The aim of this work was to assess the viability of some commercial probiotics after exposure to gastric acid and the possibility of modifying these formulations for delivery into the distal parts of the intestines. Gastrointestinal tolerance testing was conducted for three commercial probiotics and an in-house freeze-dried Lactobacillus acidophilus strain. The contents of the commercial products and the in-house freeze-dried strain were then loaded into capsules for site-specific delivery into the colon using the Phloral ® coating technology; the viability upon release was then ascertained. An assessment of the potential of these products to adhere to intestinal cells was also conducted. The results showed that all the commercial products contained the minimum number of probiotic strains as indicated on their respective packages. When gastric acid tolerance tests were performed on these products, all the commercial probiotics and the prepared freeze-dried strain demonstrated over 10 6 CFU reductions within 5min. When these were encapsulated for site-specific delivery into the distal parts of the gut, viabilities of approximately 90% were obtained after these capsules had been initially deposited in gastric acid for 2h. An evaluation of the ability of the probiotic formulations to adhere to intestinal cells demonstrated adhesion in the range 64-76% for the products evaluated. The need to target the delivery of probiotics into the intestines has been demonstrated here as this offers a greater potential for colonisation of the intestines once the harshness of the stomach has been overcome. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  5. 7 CFR 3560.626 - Affirmative Fair Housing Marketing Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Affirmative Fair Housing Marketing Plan. 3560.626 Section 3560.626 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS On-Farm Labor Housing § 3560.626 Affirmative Fair Housing Marketing Plan...

  6. Rural Housing Preservation Act of 2012

    THOMAS, 112th Congress

    Rep. Fortenberry, Jeff [R-NE-1

    2012-09-14

    House - 10/01/2012 Referred to the Subcommittee on Insurance, Housing and Community Opportunity. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  7. Rural Housing Preservation Act of 2011

    THOMAS, 112th Congress

    Rep. Fortenberry, Jeff [R-NE-1

    2011-01-12

    House - 03/23/2011 Referred to the Subcommittee on Insurance, Housing and Community Opportunity. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  8. Use of the 1990 census to defire wildland urban interface problems

    Treesearch

    James B. Davis

    1991-01-01

    Predicting the movement of people into rural wildlands previously has been limited to studies of population and housing growth in counties or other large geographical areas. In these studies, the areas of high fire danger that contain dispersed rural housing cannot be distinguished from the areas less vulnerable to wildfire (small towns and adjacent urban...

  9. Studies of plant colonisation by closely related Bacillus amyloliquefaciens biocontrol agents using strain specific quantitative PCR assays.

    PubMed

    Johansson, Anna H; Bejai, Sarosh; Niazi, Adnan; Manzoor, Shahid; Bongcam-Rudloff, Erik; Meijer, Johan

    2014-12-01

    Certain strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can colonize plants and improve growth and stress management. In order to study these effects, bacterial growth dynamics on plants and in the rhizosphere are of interest calling for specific analytical tools. For that purpose, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays were developed in order to differentiate among three closely related B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strains (UCMB5033, UCMB5036, UCMB5113) and to determine their levels with high accuracy. Oligonucleotide primers were designed for strain unique gene sequences and used for SYBR green based qPCR analysis. Standard curves covered a wide linear range (10(6)) of DNA amounts with the lowest detection level at 50 fg. Post-reaction melting curve analysis showed only a single product. Accurate threshold cycles were obtained, even in the presence of high excess of related Bacillus strains and total bacterial DNA from soil. Analysis of Bacillus colonisation after seed treatment of two oilseed rape cultivars (Oase and Ritz) grown on agar support showed a time dependent effect but that the bacteria mostly were found on root tissues and little on green tissues. The colonisation on plants grown in soil varied among the Bacillus strains where Oase seemed to house more bacteria than Ritz. Applied as a mixture, all three Bacillus strains co-existed on the roots of plants grown in soil. The qPCR assay in combination with other techniques will be a powerful tool to study plant interactions of these B. amyloliquefaciens biocontrol agents to further understand the requirements for successful interactions and improvement of plant properties.

  10. 7 CFR 1940.314 - Criteria for determining a significant environmental impact.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE... the existing habitat that may affect species diversity and stability (both flora and fauna and over...

  11. 7 CFR 3560.104 - Fair housing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... “word of mouth” advertising. (A) Advertising. (1) Frequency. The borrower should advertise availability... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE....104 Fair housing. (a) General. Borrowers must comply with the requirements of the Fair Housing...

  12. Co-colonisation with Aspergillus fumigatus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with poorer health in cystic fibrosis patients: an Irish registry analysis.

    PubMed

    Reece, Emma; Segurado, Ricardo; Jackson, Abaigeal; McClean, Siobhán; Renwick, Julie; Greally, Peter

    2017-04-21

    Pulmonary infection is the main cause of death in cystic fibrosis (CF). Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) are the most prevalent fungal and bacterial pathogens isolated from the CF airway, respectively. Our aim was to determine the effect of different colonisation profiles of AF and PA on the clinical status of patients with CF. A retrospective analysis of data from the Cystic Fibrosis Registry of Ireland from 2013 was performed to determine the effect of intermittent and persistent colonisation with AF or PA or co-colonisation with both microorganisms on clinical outcome measures in patients with CF. Key outcomes measured included forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ), number of hospitalisations, respiratory exacerbations and antimicrobials prescribed, and complications of CF, including CF related diabetes (CFRD) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). The prevalence of AF and PA colonisation were 11% (5% persistent, 6% intermittent) and 31% (19% persistent, 12% intermittent) in the Irish CF population, respectively. Co-colonisation with both pathogens was associated with a 13.8% reduction in FEV 1 (p = 0.016), higher levels of exacerbations (p = 0.042), hospitalisations (p = 0.023) and antimicrobial usage (p = 0.014) compared to non-colonised patients and these clinical outcomes were comparable to those persistently colonised with PA. Intermittent and persistent AF colonisation were not associated with poorer clinical outcomes or ABPA. Patients with persistent PA had a higher prevalence of CFRD diagnosis (p = 0.012). CF patients co-colonised with AF and PA had poor clinical outcomes comparable to patients persistently colonised with PA, emphasising the clinical significance of co-colonisation with these microorganisms.

  13. 7 CFR 3560.626 - Affirmative Fair Housing Marketing Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Affirmative Fair Housing Marketing Plan. 3560.626 Section 3560.626 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING... § 3560.626 Affirmative Fair Housing Marketing Plan. On-farm labor housing must meet the requirements of...

  14. 24 CFR 92.201 - Distribution of assistance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Distribution of assistance. 92.201 Section 92.201 Housing and Urban Development Office of the Secretary, Department of Housing and Urban... and objective measures of rural housing need, such as poverty and substandard housing, as set forth in...

  15. 7 CFR 1940.565 - Section 502 subsidized Rural Housing loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... percentage of the National number of rural occupied substandard units, (2) State's percentage of the National rural population, (3) State's percentage of the National rural population in places of less than 2,500 population, (4) State's percentage of the National number of rural households between 50 and 80 percent of...

  16. 7 CFR 1940.565 - Section 502 subsidized Rural Housing loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... percentage of the National number of rural occupied substandard units, (2) State's percentage of the National rural population, (3) State's percentage of the National rural population in places of less than 2,500 population, (4) State's percentage of the National number of rural households between 50 and 80 percent of...

  17. Pockets of Rural Prosperity

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Center for Rural Pennsylvania, 2004

    2004-01-01

    Pennsylvania's rural areas are often characterized as having lower incomes and lower housing values than urban areas. This characterization is not universally accurate, however, since there are some impressive pockets of wealth within rural Pennsylvania. To highlight the diversity of wealth among Pennsylvania's rural municipalities, the Center for…

  18. 75 FR 19353 - Notice of Funding Availability: Rural Development Voucher Program

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-14

    ... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Rural Housing Service Notice of Funding Availability: Rural Development... Availability SUMMARY: This notice informs the public that the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) in Fiscal... the requirements in the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related...

  19. 7 CFR 1944.688 - Grant evaluation, closeout, suspension, and termination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE... Law 103-354's appeal procedures under subpart B of part 1900 of this chapter. (d) The grantee will...

  20. 7 CFR 1940.953 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ...; (7) Industrial Development Grants; (8) Intermediary Relending Program; (9) Drought and Disaster Relief Guaranteed Loans; (10) Disaster Assistance for Rural Business Enterprises; (11) Nonprofit National... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE...

  1. 7 CFR 1940.953 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...; (7) Industrial Development Grants; (8) Intermediary Relending Program; (9) Drought and Disaster Relief Guaranteed Loans; (10) Disaster Assistance for Rural Business Enterprises; (11) Nonprofit National... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE...

  2. 7 CFR 1940.953 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ...; (7) Industrial Development Grants; (8) Intermediary Relending Program; (9) Drought and Disaster Relief Guaranteed Loans; (10) Disaster Assistance for Rural Business Enterprises; (11) Nonprofit National... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE...

  3. 7 CFR 1940.953 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ...; (7) Industrial Development Grants; (8) Intermediary Relending Program; (9) Drought and Disaster Relief Guaranteed Loans; (10) Disaster Assistance for Rural Business Enterprises; (11) Nonprofit National... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE...

  4. 7 CFR 1940.953 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ...; (7) Industrial Development Grants; (8) Intermediary Relending Program; (9) Drought and Disaster Relief Guaranteed Loans; (10) Disaster Assistance for Rural Business Enterprises; (11) Nonprofit National... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE...

  5. Building patterns and landscape fragmentation in northern Wisconsin, USA

    Treesearch

    Charlotte E. Gonzalez-Abraham; Volker C. Radeloff; Roger B. Hammer; Todd J. Hawbaker; Susan I. Stewart; Murray K. Clayton

    2007-01-01

    Housing growth is prevalent in rural areas in the United States and landscape fragmentation is one of its many effects. Since the 1930s, rural sprawl has been increasing in areas rich in recreational amenities. The question is how housing growth has affected landscape fragmentation. We thus tested three hypotheses relating land cover and land ownership to density and...

  6. Situational Influences on the Morale of Older Rural Adults in Child-Shared Housing: A Comparative Analysis.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kivett, Vira R.; Learner, R. Max

    1982-01-01

    Results showed no significant difference in the morale scores of older rural adults living with children (N=97) and those in other arrangements (N=243) when health was controlled. However, more than twice as much variance in morale scores could be explained for parents in child-shared housing as for other parents. (Author)

  7. Impacts of Second Home Development on Housing Prices in the Southern Appalachian Highlands

    Treesearch

    Seong-Hoon Cho; David H. Newman; David N. Wear

    2003-01-01

    This study estimates the value of socioeconomic, spatial and environmental attributes on housing prices of both urban and rural communities in the primary and second home areas of the Southern Appalachian Highlands, using the hedonic property price model. Distance and environmental attributes are valued more heavily in the rural communities of the second home area than...

  8. 7 CFR Exhibit E to Subpart I of... - Guidance for Recipients of Self-Help Technical Assistance Grants (Section 523 of Housing Act of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... evaluation. A. Family Labor Contribution 1. Does your organization maintain a list of each family and a... participating families counselling them when the family contribution is falling behind? Yes No 3. Are there...

  9. Spatial and temporal variation in the community prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Bangladesh: an integrated surveillance study protocol

    PubMed Central

    Unicomb, Leanne; Wood, Paul; Smith, Michael; Asaduzzaman, Muhammad; Islam, Mohammad Aminul

    2018-01-01

    Introduction Increasing antibiotic resistance (ABR) in low-income and middle-income countries such as Bangladesh presents a major health threat. However, assessing the scale of the health risk is problematic in the absence of reliable data on the community prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We describe the protocol for a small-scale integrated surveillance programme that aims to quantify the prevalence of colonisation with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and concentrations of antibiotic-resistant genes from a ‘One Health’ perspective. The holistic assessment of ABR in humans, animals and within the environment in urban and rural Bangladesh will generate comprehensive data to inform human health risk. Methods and analysis The study design focuses on three exposure-relevant sites where there is enhanced potential for transmission of ABR between humans, animals and the environment: (1) rural poultry-owning households, (2) commercial poultry farms and (3) urban live-bird markets. The comparison of ABR prevalence in human groups with high and low exposure to farming and poultry will enable us to test the hypothesis that ABR bacteria and genes from the environment and food-producing animals are potential sources of transmission to humans. Escherichia coli is used as an ABR indicator organism due to its widespread environmental presence and colonisation in both the human and animal gastrointestinal tract. Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, and Loughborough University Ethics Committee. Data for the project will be stored on the open access repository of the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences. PMID:29705771

  10. 75 FR 22550 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-29

    ..., filing of petitions and applications and agency #0;statements of organization and functions are examples... American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act). The agencies provide grants, loans and loan guarantee assistance to rural residents, rural communities, and rural utility systems. Rural Housing Service...

  11. 24 CFR 884.222 - Inapplicability of low-rent public housing model lease and grievance procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... housing model lease and grievance procedures. 884.222 Section 884.222 Housing and Urban Development... PAYMENTS PROGRAM, NEW CONSTRUCTION SET-ASIDE FOR SECTION 515 RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROJECTS Project Development and Operation § 884.222 Inapplicability of low-rent public housing model lease and grievance...

  12. 7 CFR Exhibit C to Subpart E of... - FmHA or Its Successor Agency Under Public Law 103-354 Financed Contract

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE...: Address: Telephone Number: Employer's Identification Number: 2. Contract for: __ $_____ Starting Date...

  13. 7 CFR Exhibit F to Subpart I of... - Site Option Loan to Technical Assistance Grantees

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE... decision reviewed following the procedure established in subpart B of part 1900 of this chapter. (2) Review...

  14. 7 CFR 1942.301 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Public Law 103-354 employees, members of their families, known close relatives, or business or close... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) ASSOCIATIONS Rural Business Enterprise Grants and Television Demonstration Grants...

  15. 7 CFR 1962.3 - Authorities and responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ....3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) PERSONAL PROPERTY Servicing and Liquidation of Chattel Security...

  16. 7 CFR 1962.3 - Authorities and responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ....3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) PERSONAL PROPERTY Servicing and Liquidation of Chattel Security...

  17. Social and Economic Trends in Rural America. The White House Rural Development Background Paper.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Deavers, Kenneth L.; Brown, David L.

    Emphasizing developmental problems caused by the rapid population and employment growth in rural America during the 1970's, this document describes social, economic, and governmental trends in rural America and suggests some federal policy choices that might be made in support of rural development. Problem areas and policy suggestions are…

  18. Candida albicans chronic colonisation in cystic fibrosis may be associated with inhaled antibiotics.

    PubMed

    Noni, Maria; Katelari, Anna; Kaditis, Athanasios; Theochari, Ioanna; Lympari, Ioulia; Alexandrou-Athanassoulis, Helen; Doudounakis, Stavros-Eleftherios; Dimopoulos, George

    2015-07-01

    Candida albicans is increasingly recognised as a coloniser of the respiratory tract in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Yet, the potential role, if any, of the micro-organism in the progress of the disease remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the association between inhaled antibiotics and C. albicans chronic colonisation in patients with CF. A cohort of 121 CF patients born from 1988 to 1996 was, respectively, studied. The medical records of each patient were reviewed from the first time they attended the CF Centre until the occurrence of C. albicans chronic colonisation or their last visit for the year 2010. Chronic colonisation was defined as the presence of C. albicans in more than 50% of cultures in a given year. A number of possible confounders were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify an independent association between inhaled antibiotics and C. albicans chronic colonisation. Fifty-four (44.6%) of the 121 patients enrolled in the study developed chronic colonisation by the micro-organism. Multivariate logistic regression analysis determined the independent effect of inhaled antibiotic treatment on the odds of chronic colonisation (OR 1.112, 95% CI [1.007-1.229], P = 0.036). Candida albicans chronic colonisation may be associated with the duration of inhaled antibiotic treatment. © 2015 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  19. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Chemical Defence: Effects of Colonisation on Aboveground and Belowground Metabolomes.

    PubMed

    Hill, Elizabeth M; Robinson, Lynne A; Abdul-Sada, Ali; Vanbergen, Adam J; Hodge, Angela; Hartley, Sue E

    2018-02-01

    Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonisation of plant roots is one of the most ancient and widespread interactions in ecology, yet the systemic consequences for plant secondary chemistry remain unclear. We performed the first metabolomic investigation into the impact of AMF colonisation by Rhizophagus irregularis on the chemical defences, spanning above- and below-ground tissues, in its host-plant ragwort (Senecio jacobaea). We used a non-targeted metabolomics approach to profile, and where possible identify, compounds induced by AMF colonisation in both roots and shoots. Metabolomics analyses revealed that 33 compounds were significantly increased in the root tissue of AMF colonised plants, including seven blumenols, plant-derived compounds known to be associated with AMF colonisation. One of these was a novel structure conjugated with a malonyl-sugar and uronic acid moiety, hitherto an unreported combination. Such structural modifications of blumenols could be significant for their previously reported functional roles associated with the establishment and maintenance of AM colonisation. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), key anti-herbivore defence compounds in ragwort, dominated the metabolomic profiles of root and shoot extracts. Analyses of the metabolomic profiles revealed an increase in four PAs in roots (but not shoots) of AMF colonised plants, with the potential to protect colonised plants from below-ground organisms.

  20. Colour of sputum is a marker for bacterial colonisation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

    PubMed

    Miravitlles, Marc; Marín, Alicia; Monsó, Eduard; Vilà, Sara; de la Roza, Cristian; Hervás, Ramona; Esquinas, Cristina; García, Marian; Millares, Laura; Morera, Josep; Torres, Antoni

    2010-05-14

    Bacterial colonisation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) contributes to airway inflammation and modulates exacerbations. We assessed risk factors for bacterial colonisation in COPD. Patients with stable COPD consecutively recruited over 1 year gave consent to provide a sputum sample for microbiologic analysis. Bronchial colonisation by potentially pathogenic microorganisms (PPMs) was defined as the isolation of PPMs at concentrations of > or =102 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL on quantitative bacterial culture. Colonised patients were divided into high (>105 CFU/mL) or low (<105 CFU/mL) bacterial load. A total of 119 patients (92.5% men, mean age 68 years, mean forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] [% predicted] 46.4%) were evaluated. Bacterial colonisation was demonstrated in 58 (48.7%) patients. Patients with and without bacterial colonisation showed significant differences in smoking history, cough, dyspnoea, COPD exacerbations and hospitalisations in the previous year, and sputum colour. Thirty-six patients (62% of those colonised) had a high bacterial load. More than 80% of the sputum samples with a dark yellow or greenish colour yielded PPMs in culture. In contrast, only 5.9% of white and 44.7% of light yellow sputum samples were positive (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed an increased degree of dyspnoea (odds ratio [OR] = 2.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53-5.09, P = 0.004) and a darker sputum colour (OR = 4.11, 95% CI 2.30-7.29, P < 0.001) as factors associated with the presence of PPMs in sputum. Almost half of our population of ambulatory moderate to very severe COPD patients were colonised with PPMs. Patients colonised present more severe dyspnoea, and a darker colour of sputum allows identification of individuals more likely to be colonised.

  1. 75 FR 27949 - Single Family Housing Guaranteed Loan Program

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-19

    ... Part 1980 RIN 0575-AC83 Single Family Housing Guaranteed Loan Program AGENCY: Rural Housing Service... Family Housing Guaranteed Loan Program (SFHGLP) regulation. This action is taken to achieve savings for... to the Branch Chief, Regulations and Paperwork Management Branch, U.S. Department of Agriculture...

  2. 7 CFR 1980.471 - Liquidation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM... the cost of liquidation exceeds the potential recovery value of the collection. Whenever this occurs...

  3. 78 FR 18725 - Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing: Rural Housing Stability Assistance...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-27

    ... Assistance program is to rehouse or improve the housing situations of individuals and families who are... and families who are in imminent danger of losing housing; and improve the ability of the lowest... individuals and families in housing situations who are in dire need of assistance due to the physical...

  4. 7 CFR 1940.578 - Housing Preservation Grant (HPG) program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Housing Preservation Grant (HPG) program. 1940.578 Section 1940.578 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING... Allocation of Loan and Grant Program Funds § 1940.578 Housing Preservation Grant (HPG) program. (a) Amount...

  5. 7 CFR 1924.115 - Single Family Housing site evaluation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 12 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Single Family Housing site evaluation. 1924.115 Section 1924.115 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING... Work § 1924.115 Single Family Housing site evaluation. (a) Site review. The site approval official will...

  6. 7 CFR 3560.662 - Restrictive-use provisions and agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... extension if required by § 3560.655 or § 3560.658 (b)(1); (5) The remaining useful life of the housing and... Section 3560.662 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS Housing Preservation...

  7. 7 CFR 3560.578 - Financial management of labor housing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financial management of labor housing. 3560.578 Section 3560.578 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING... § 3560.578 Financial management of labor housing. The requirements established in subpart G of this part...

  8. 76 FR 80729 - Intergovernmental Review

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-27

    ... Rural Utilities Service 7 CFR Part 4274 Intergovernmental Review AGENCIES: Rural Housing Service, Rural... reference to RD Instruction 1940-J, Intergovernmental Review.'' This action is necessary since the affected... offices have current guidance on intergovernmental review of proposed projects being reviewed pursuant to...

  9. 7 CFR 1942.306 - Purposes of grants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... emerging private business enterprises in rural areas including, but not limited to, the following: (1... and charges for professional services necessary for the planning and development of the project...

  10. 7 CFR 1942.107 - Priorities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2011-01-01 2009-01-01 true Priorities. 1942.107 Section 1942.107 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM...

  11. 7 CFR 1942.107 - Priorities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Priorities. 1942.107 Section 1942.107 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM...

  12. 7 CFR 1942.107 - Priorities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Priorities. 1942.107 Section 1942.107 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM...

  13. 7 CFR 1951.851 - Introduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Introduction. 1951.851 Section 1951.851 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) SERVICING AND COLLECTIONS Rural Development Loan Servicing § 1951.851 Introduction. (a...

  14. 7 CFR 1822.262 - Objective.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Objective. 1822.262 Section 1822.262 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS AND GRANTS...

  15. 7 CFR 1806.21 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false General. 1806.21 Section 1806.21 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS...

  16. 7 CFR 2018.253 - Indexes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Indexes. 2018.253 Section 2018.253 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE...) ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS GENERAL Availability of Information § 2018.253 Indexes. Since Rural Development does...

  17. 7 CFR 2018.253 - Indexes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Indexes. 2018.253 Section 2018.253 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE...) ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS GENERAL Availability of Information § 2018.253 Indexes. Since Rural Development does...

  18. 7 CFR 2018.253 - Indexes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Indexes. 2018.253 Section 2018.253 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE...) ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS GENERAL Availability of Information § 2018.253 Indexes. Since Rural Development does...

  19. 7 CFR 2018.253 - Indexes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Indexes. 2018.253 Section 2018.253 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE...) ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS GENERAL Availability of Information § 2018.253 Indexes. Since Rural Development does...

  20. 7 CFR 2018.253 - Indexes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Indexes. 2018.253 Section 2018.253 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE...) ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS GENERAL Availability of Information § 2018.253 Indexes. Since Rural Development does...

  1. 7 CFR 1942.311 - Application processing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) ASSOCIATIONS Rural Business Enterprise Grants and Television Demonstration... be requested by the applicant in accordance with subpart B of part 1900 of this chapter. [45 FR 73637...

  2. 7 CFR 1942.308 - Regional Commission grants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) ASSOCIATIONS Rural Business Enterprise Grants and Television Demonstration... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... Project Management Agreement between the Agency and ARC is not needed for each ARC grant. (d) Other...

  3. 7 CFR 1942.350 - OMB control number.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) ASSOCIATIONS Rural Business Enterprise Grants and Television Demonstration... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... been approved by the Office of Management and Budget and have been assigned OMB control number 0575...

  4. Role of human milk oligosaccharides in Group B Streptococcus colonisation

    PubMed Central

    Andreas, Nicholas J; Al-Khalidi, Asmaa; Jaiteh, Mustapha; Clarke, Edward; Hyde, Matthew J; Modi, Neena; Holmes, Elaine; Kampmann, Beate; Mehring Le Doare, Kirsty

    2016-01-01

    Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants. The major risk factor for GBS disease is maternal and subsequent infant colonisation. It is unknown whether human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) protect against GBS colonisation. HMO production is genetically determined and linked to the Lewis antigen system. We aimed to investigate the association between HMOs and infant GBS colonisation between birth and postnatal day 90. Rectovaginal swabs were collected at delivery, as well as colostrum/breast milk, infant nasopharyngeal and rectal swabs at birth, 6 days and days 60–89 postpartum from 183 Gambian mother/infant pairs. GBS colonisation and serotypes were determined using culture and PCR. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to characterise the mother's Lewis status and HMO profile in breast milk. Mothers who were Lewis-positive were significantly less likely to be colonised by GBS (X2=12.50, P<0.001). Infants of Lewis-positive mothers were less likely GBS colonised at birth (X2=4.88 P=0.03) and more likely to clear colonisation between birth and days 60–89 than infants born to Lewis-negative women (P=0.05). There was no association between Secretor status and GBS colonisation. In vitro work revealed that lacto-N-difucohexaose I (LNDFHI) correlated with a reduction in the growth of GBS. Our results suggest that HMO such as LNDFHI may be a useful adjunct in reducing maternal and infant colonisation and hence invasive GBS disease. Secretor status offers utility as a stratification variable in GBS clinical trials. PMID:27588204

  5. 78 FR 26559 - Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing: Rural Housing Stability Assistance...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-07

    ...). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing Act of 2009 (HEARTH... Homelessness Grant program. The HEARTH Act also directs HUD to promulgate regulations for these new programs...

  6. 7 CFR 1940.564 - Section 502 subsidized guaranteed Rural Housing loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ...: (1) State's percentage of the National number of rural occupied substandard units, (2) State's percentage of the National rural population in places of less than 2,500 population, (3) State's percentage of the national number of rural households below 80 percent of the area median income, and (4) State...

  7. 7 CFR 1940.564 - Section 502 subsidized guaranteed Rural Housing loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ...: (1) State's percentage of the National number of rural occupied substandard units, (2) State's percentage of the National rural population in places of less than 2,500 population, (3) State's percentage of the national number of rural households below 80 percent of the area median income, and (4) State...

  8. 7 CFR 1940.564 - Section 502 subsidized guaranteed Rural Housing loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ...: (1) State's percentage of the National number of rural occupied substandard units, (2) State's percentage of the National rural population in places of less than 2,500 population, (3) State's percentage of the national number of rural households below 80 percent of the area median income, and (4) State...

  9. 7 CFR 1940.564 - Section 502 subsidized guaranteed Rural Housing loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ...: (1) State's percentage of the National number of rural occupied substandard units, (2) State's percentage of the National rural population in places of less than 2,500 population, (3) State's percentage of the national number of rural households below 80 percent of the area median income, and (4) State...

  10. 7 CFR 1940.564 - Section 502 subsidized guaranteed Rural Housing loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...: (1) State's percentage of the National number of rural occupied substandard units, (2) State's percentage of the National rural population in places of less than 2,500 population, (3) State's percentage of the national number of rural households below 80 percent of the area median income, and (4) State...

  11. Incentives could induce Ethiopian doctors and nurses to work in rural settings.

    PubMed

    Hanson, Kara; Jack, William

    2010-08-01

    What would best motivate more doctors and nurses to work in rural areas of poor countries, where they are badly needed? We presented doctors and nurses in Ethiopia with a series of hypothetical job combinations of wages, working conditions, housing benefits, and training opportunities. For doctors, we found that higher wages and quality housing incentives had the biggest impact on their willingness to practice in towns in rural areas. For nurses, improvements in the availability of medical equipment and supplies were the factors most likely to bring about a move to a rural village. Choosing the right incentive package requires a consideration of both the effects of different packages on health workers' choices and the cost of those packages.

  12. The fungal colonisation of rock-art caves: experimental evidence.

    PubMed

    Jurado, Valme; Fernandez-Cortes, Angel; Cuezva, Soledad; Laiz, Leonila; Cañaveras, Juan Carlos; Sanchez-Moral, Sergio; Saiz-Jimenez, Cesareo

    2009-09-01

    The conservation of rock-art paintings in European caves is a matter of increasing interest. This derives from the bacterial colonisation of Altamira Cave, Spain and the recent fungal outbreak of Lascaux Cave, France-both included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Here, we show direct evidence of a fungal colonisation of rock tablets in a testing system exposed in Altamira Cave. After 2 months, the tablets, previously sterilised, were heavily colonised by fungi and bacteria. Most fungi isolated were labelled as entomopathogens, while the bacteria were those regularly identified in the cave. Rock colonisation was probably promoted by the dissolved organic carbon supplied with the dripping and condensation waters and favoured by the displacement of aerosols towards the interior of the cave, which contributed to the dissemination of microorganisms. The role of arthropods in the dispersal of spores may also help in understanding fungal colonisation. This study evidences the fragility of rock-art caves and demonstrates that microorganisms can easily colonise bare rocks and materials introduced into the cavity.

  13. Use of in situ and confocal Raman spectroscopy to study the nature and distribution of carotenoids in brown patinas from a deteriorated wall painting in Marcus Lucretius House (Pompeii).

    PubMed

    Maguregui, M; Knuutinen, U; Trebolazabala, J; Morillas, H; Castro, K; Martinez-Arkarazo, I; Madariaga, J M

    2012-02-01

    Colonisation of wall paintings by microorganisms and other organisms is a well-known problematic phenomenon. Besides taxonomic identification of the biodeteriogen, it is essential to evaluate the consequences of the colonisation, e.g., unsightly coloured patinas. This work proposes new methodology for characterisation of the nature of the main carotenoids and their distribution in brown stains or patinas of a deteriorated wall painting on the north wall of the atrium of Marcus Lucretius House (Pompeii, Italy). Characterisation of the brown patinas and surrounding areas (plaster and polychromy) from the wall painting started with in situ screening using, mainly, a portable Raman instrument with a handheld FTIR (DRIFTS sampling interface) in order to select the sampling areas suitable for further analysis in the laboratory. Two wall painting fragments were then analysed in the laboratory in two steps. First, microscopic observations (SEM and phase-contrast microscopy) were used to determine whether biodeteriogens were present in the samples. In a second step, confocal Raman microscopy (785 and 514 nm excitation lasers) was used to characterise the main biogenic compounds of the brown stains. Because of the resonance Raman effect (514 nm excitation laser), it was possible to obtain reliable Raman features to assign not only the nature of the main biogenic pigments (carotenoids) present in the stains, but also their spatial conformation. Moreover, Raman confocal applications, for example, Raman imaging and depth profiling were also used in a first attempt to determine the distribution of biosynthesised carotenoids in the stains, and to determine the thickness of the brown patinas.

  14. 7 CFR Exhibit C to Subpart G of... - Subordination by the Government for Use With Rural Housing Site Loans

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Housing Site Loans C Exhibit C to Subpart G of Part 1822 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of..., Subpt. G, Exh. C Exhibit C to Subpart G of Part 1822—Subordination by the Government for Use With Rural... Public Law 103-354, U.S. Department of Agriculture. (42 U.S.C. 1480; delegation of authority by the...

  15. 7 CFR 1980.472 - Protective advances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED... liquidation is contemplated or in process. A precise rule of when a protective advance should be made is...

  16. 7 CFR 1927.58 - Closing the transaction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PROGRAM... other necessary parties to arrange the time and place of closing. The transaction may be closed when the...

  17. 7 CFR 1927.58 - Closing the transaction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PROGRAM... other necessary parties to arrange the time and place of closing. The transaction may be closed when the...

  18. 7 CFR 1924.102 - General policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 12 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false General policy. 1924.102 Section 1924.102 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PROGRAM REGULATIONS...

  19. 7 CFR 1924.102 - General policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 12 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false General policy. 1924.102 Section 1924.102 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PROGRAM REGULATIONS...

  20. 7 CFR 1924.102 - General policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 12 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false General policy. 1924.102 Section 1924.102 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PROGRAM REGULATIONS...

  1. 7 CFR 1924.102 - General policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false General policy. 1924.102 Section 1924.102 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PROGRAM REGULATIONS...

  2. 7 CFR 1924.102 - General policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 12 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true General policy. 1924.102 Section 1924.102 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PROGRAM REGULATIONS...

  3. 7 CFR 1806.22 - Areas of responsibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Areas of responsibility. 1806.22 Section 1806.22 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL...

  4. 7 CFR 1955.60 - Inventory property subject to redemption by the borrower.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) PROPERTY MANAGEMENT Management of Property § 1955.60 Inventory property subject to redemption by the borrower. If inventory...

  5. 7 CFR 1951.883 - Reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... contain only information on the IRP revolving loan fund, or if other funds are included, the IRP loan... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) SERVICING AND COLLECTIONS Rural Development Loan Servicing § 1951.883...

  6. 7 CFR 1951.883 - Reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... contain only information on the IRP revolving loan fund, or if other funds are included, the IRP loan... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) SERVICING AND COLLECTIONS Rural Development Loan Servicing § 1951.883...

  7. 7 CFR 1951.883 - Reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... contain only information on the IRP revolving loan fund, or if other funds are included, the IRP loan... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) SERVICING AND COLLECTIONS Rural Development Loan Servicing § 1951.883...

  8. 7 CFR 1951.883 - Reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... contain only information on the IRP revolving loan fund, or if other funds are included, the IRP loan... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) SERVICING AND COLLECTIONS Rural Development Loan Servicing § 1951.883...

  9. A mini-bag technique for evaluation of fungicide effects on Trichoderma spp in mushroom compost.

    PubMed

    Abosriwil, Salem O; Clancy, Kevin J

    2004-04-01

    An in vivo technique was developed to observe colonisation of mushroom compost by Trichoderma spp. Isolates of T. harzianum (Th2), T. harzianum (Th1), T. koningii (Tk) and T. viride (Tv) were artificially introduced into compost using a mini-bag system. Wheat grains, colonised by Trichoderma spp, were placed centrally on a layer of compost at the bottom of 1-litre polythene bags which were then filled with 350 g of spawned or un-spawned compost, and partially sealed. After 14 and 21 days incubation at 27 degrees C, the bags were assessed for recovery of Trichoderma from middle and top zones using a needle stab re-isolation technique and a visual colonisation scoring system. Visible green mould contamination, similar to that observed in practice, developed within 21 days. The visual colonisation scoring was reliably related to the re-isolation success. In this evaluation, Trichoderma spp showed considerable differences in their relative abilities to colonise spawned and un-spawned compost, with Th2 isolates being consistently superior to the other isolates of Th1, Tk and Tv in colonising spawned compost. This technique was employed to evaluate the effects of fungicides on the colonisation of mushroom compost by three Trichoderma spp: Th2, Th1 and Tk, using 1-litre and 5-litre mini-bag systems. Aqueous suspensions of benomyl, carbendazim, thiabendazole, prochloraz and prochloraz+carbendazim incorporated into the compost at 50 mg litre(-1), or applied to spawn at 50 mg kg(-1), reduced the colonisation by Trichoderma spp. Prochloraz and prochloraz+carbendazim were superior to benomyl, carbendazim or thiabendazole in reducing compost colonisation by Th2, Th1 and Tk, with Th2 being the most persistent type, capable of colonising treated compost in the presence of all five fungicides. The prochloraz+carbendazim mixture, not normally used in mushroom production, was equal to or better than prochloraz alone. The incidence of green mould colonisation by Th2 was as extensive in the 5-litre compost bags as in the 1-litre bags, but colonisation by Th1 and Tk was more apparent in the 5-litre bags. The in vivo mini-bag evaluations using wheat grain Trichoderma inoculum and needle stab re-isolation procedures proved an efficient method for studying colonisation and screening for effectiveness of fungicides applied to mushroom compost or spawn.

  10. Rural Housing Preservation and Stabilization Act of 2010

    THOMAS, 111th Congress

    Rep. Kanjorski, Paul E. [D-PA-11

    2010-04-14

    Senate - 04/28/2010 Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Passed HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  11. 7 CFR 3560.3 - Environmental requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS General Provisions and Definitions § 3560.3 Environmental requirements. RHS will consider environmental impacts of proposed housing as equal with economic...

  12. Nasal Colonisation by Staphylococcus aureus Depends upon Clumping Factor B Binding to the Squamous Epithelial Cell Envelope Protein Loricrin

    PubMed Central

    Mulcahy, Michelle E.; Geoghegan, Joan A.; Monk, Ian R.; O'Keeffe, Kate M.; Walsh, Evelyn J.

    2012-01-01

    Staphylococcus aureus asymptomatically colonises the anterior nares, but the host and bacterial factors that facilitate colonisation remain incompletely understood. The S. aureus surface protein ClfB has been shown to mediate adherence to squamous epithelial cells in vitro and to promote nasal colonisation in both mice and humans. Here, we demonstrate that the squamous epithelial cell envelope protein loricrin represents the major target ligand for ClfB during S. aureus nasal colonisation. In vitro adherence assays indicated that bacteria expressing ClfB bound loricrin most likely by the “dock, lock and latch” mechanism. Using surface plasmon resonance we showed that ClfB bound cytokeratin 10 (K10), a structural protein of squamous epithelial cells, and loricrin with similar affinities that were in the low µM range. Loricrin is composed of three separate regions comprising GS-rich omega loops. Each loop was expressed separately and found to bind ClfB, However region 2 bound with highest affinity. To investigate if the specific interaction between ClfB and loricrin was sufficient to facilitate S. aureus nasal colonisation, we compared the ability of ClfB+ S. aureus to colonise the nares of wild-type and loricrin-deficient (Lor−/−) mice. In the absence of loricrin, S. aureus nasal colonisation was significantly impaired. Furthermore a ClfB− mutant colonised wild-type mice less efficiently than the parental ClfB+ strain whereas a similar lower level of colonisation was observed with both the parental strain and the ClfB− mutant in the Lor−/− mice. The ability of ClfB to support nasal colonisation by binding loricrin in vivo was confirmed by the ability of Lactococcus lactis expressing ClfB to be retained in the nares of WT mice but not in the Lor−/− mice. By combining in vitro biochemical analysis with animal model studies we have identified the squamous epithelial cell envelope protein loricrin as the target ligand for ClfB during nasal colonisation by S. aureus. PMID:23300445

  13. 75 FR 10194 - Direct Single Family Housing Loans and Grants

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-05

    ... Part 3550 RIN 0575-AC81 Direct Single Family Housing Loans and Grants AGENCY: Rural Housing Service... to amend its regulations for the Direct Single Family Housing Loans by reinstating language to enable... via the U.S. Postal Service to the Branch Chief, Regulations and Paperwork Management Branch, U.S...

  14. Gastric colonisation with a restricted commensal microbiota replicates the promotion of neoplastic lesions by diverse intestinal microbiota in the Helicobacter pylori INS-GAS mouse model of gastric carcinogenesis

    PubMed Central

    Lertpiriyapong, Kvin; Whary, Mark T.; Muthupalani, Sureshkumar; Lofgren, Jennifer L.; Gamazon, Eric R.; Feng, Yan; Ge, Zhongming; Wang, Timothy C.; Fox, James G.

    2014-01-01

    Objectives Gastric colonisation with intestinal flora (IF) has been shown to promote Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-associated gastric cancer. However, it is unknown if the mechanism involves colonisation with specific or diverse microbiota secondary to gastric atrophy. Design Gastric colonisation with Altered Schaedler’s flora (ASF) and Hp were correlated with pathology, immune responses and mRNA expression for proinflammatory and cancer-related genes in germ-free (GF), Hp monoassociated (mHp), restricted ASF (rASF; 3 species), and specific pathogen-free (complex IF), hypergastrinemic INS-GAS mice 7 months postinfection. Results Male mice cocolonised with rASFHp or IFHp developed the most severe pathology. IFHp males had the highest inflammatory responses, and 40% developed invasive gastrointestinal intraepithelial neoplasia (GIN). Notably, rASFHp colonisation was highest in males and 23% developed invasive GIN with elevated expression of inflammatory biomarkers. Lesions were less severe in females and none developed GIN. Gastritis in male rASFHp mice was accompanied by decreased Clostridum species ASF356 and Bacteroides species ASF519 colonisation and an overgrowth of Lactobacillus murinus ASF361, supporting that inflammation-driven atrophy alters the gastric niche for GI commensals. Hp colonisation also elevated expression of IL-11 and cancer-related genes, Ptger4 and Tgf-β, further supporting that Hp infection accelerates gastric cancer development in INS-GAS mice. Conclusions rASFHp colonisation was sufficient for GIN development in males, and lower GIN incidence in females was associated with lower inflammatory responses and gastric commensal and Hp colonisation. Colonisation efficiency of commensals appears more important than microbial diversity and lessens the probability that specific gastrointestinal pathogens are contributing to cancer risk. PMID:23812323

  15. 3 CFR 13575 - Executive Order 13575 of June 9, 2011. Establishment of the White House Rural Council

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... prosperity and quality of life in our rural communities. Sec. 2. Establishment. There is established a White... development of policy recommendations to promote economic prosperity and quality of life in rural America, and... quality of life in rural America; (b) coordinate and increase the effectiveness of Federal engagement with...

  16. Rural Development Progress, January 1977-June 1979. Fifth Report of the Secretary of Agriculture to The Congress.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.

    The fifth annual report of the Secretary of Agriculture on rural development (prepared in response to a directive from the Rural Development Act of 1972) summarizes current rural conditions by presenting the most recently available statistical data on employment, income, population, housing, and community services and facilities and illustrates…

  17. 7 CFR 2045.1756 - Records and reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Records and reports. 2045.1756 Section 2045.1756 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS GENERAL Rural Development-Utilization of Gratuitous Services § 2045.1756 Records and...

  18. 7 CFR 2045.1756 - Records and reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Records and reports. 2045.1756 Section 2045.1756 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS GENERAL Rural Development-Utilization of Gratuitous Services § 2045.1756 Records and...

  19. 7 CFR 2045.1756 - Records and reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Records and reports. 2045.1756 Section 2045.1756 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS GENERAL Rural Development-Utilization of Gratuitous Services § 2045.1756 Records and...

  20. 7 CFR 2045.1756 - Records and reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Records and reports. 2045.1756 Section 2045.1756 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS GENERAL Rural Development-Utilization of Gratuitous Services § 2045.1756 Records and...

  1. 7 CFR 2045.1756 - Records and reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Records and reports. 2045.1756 Section 2045.1756 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS GENERAL Rural Development-Utilization of Gratuitous Services § 2045.1756 Records and...

  2. 7 CFR 22.306 - Financing rural development planning.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financing rural development planning. 22.306 Section 22.306 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL DEVELOPMENT COORDINATION Roles and... Department of Housing and Urban Development planning and management assistance program or other available...

  3. 7 CFR 1951.701 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Purpose. 1951.701 Section 1951.701 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) SERVICING AND...

  4. 7 CFR 1951.201 - Purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Purposes. 1951.201 Section 1951.201 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) SERVICING AND...

  5. 7 CFR Exhibit D to Subpart B of... - Hearings/Review Officer Designations

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Subpart B of Part 1900 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PROGRAM REGULATIONS GENERAL Adverse Decisions and Administrative Appeals Pt. 1900...

  6. 7 CFR 1900.54 - Effect on assistance pending appeal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Effect on assistance pending appeal. 1900.54 Section 1900.54 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF...

  7. 7 CFR 1956.139 - Collections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Collections. 1956.139 Section 1956.139 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT...

  8. 7 CFR 1956.139 - Collections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Collections. 1956.139 Section 1956.139 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT...

  9. 7 CFR 1956.139 - Collections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Collections. 1956.139 Section 1956.139 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT...

  10. 7 CFR 1956.139 - Collections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Collections. 1956.139 Section 1956.139 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT...

  11. 7 CFR 1956.139 - Collections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Collections. 1956.139 Section 1956.139 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT...

  12. 7 CFR 1942.304 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2011-01-01 2009-01-01 true Definitions. 1942.304 Section 1942.304 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... § 1942.304 Definitions. Project. For rural business enterprise grants, the result of the use of program...

  13. To amend section 520 of the Housing Act of 1949 to provide flexibility to the definition of rural areas.

    THOMAS, 112th Congress

    Rep. Manzullo, Donald A. [R-IL-16

    2011-08-01

    House - 08/22/2011 Referred to the Subcommittee on Insurance, Housing and Community Opportunity. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  14. 7 CFR 1924.11 - District Director's review of incomplete development.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PROGRAM REGULATIONS CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR Planning and Performing Construction...

  15. Scurvy in a tropical paradise? Evaluating the possibility of infant and adult vitamin C deficiency in the Lapita skeletal sample of Teouma, Vanuatu, Pacific islands.

    PubMed

    Buckley, Hallie R; Kinaston, Rebecca; Halcrow, Siân E; Foster, Aimee; Spriggs, Matthew; Bedford, Stuart

    2014-06-01

    The Neolithic colonisation of the Pacific islands was one of the most challenging migration events in human history. The regions east of the Solomon Islands were colonised relatively recently by a people known as the Lapita. The Lapita brought with them a 'transported landscape' of domesticated plants and animals that had to be established upon arrival for the survival of these fledgling communities. Colonisation of these previously uninhabited islands was potentially perilous, and could leave colonisers vulnerable to periods of resource stress. The largest cemetery sample of Lapita people from the site of Teouma in Vanuatu offers a unique opportunity to assess the impact of colonisation on the health of pioneering populations. This paper explores the possibility that Teouma people experienced vitamin C deficiency as one of the consequences of the agricultural subsistence practices during the initial phases of island colonisation. Skeletal lesions in infants and adults indicative of scurvy suggest that initial colonisation phases in the Pacific islands involved precarious times involving deficiencies of key nutrients. Colonisation of the Pacific islands may share similar frameworks and problems as periods of subsistence transition in other parts of the world. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  16. Rural and suburban sprawl in the U.S. midwest from 1940 to 2000 in its relation to forest fragmentation

    Treesearch

    Volker C. Radeloff; Roger B. Hammer; Susan I. Stewart

    2005-01-01

    Housing growth and its environmental effects pose major conservation challenges. We sought to (]) quantify spatial and temporal patterns of housing growth across the US. Midwest from 1940-2000, (2) identify ecoregions strongly affected by housing growth, (3) assess the extent to which forests occur near housing, and (4) relate housing to forest fragmentation. We used...

  17. Bend the Trend: Meeting the Needs of the Rural Elderly. Proceedings of a Conference on the Rural Elderly (Pittsburg, Kansas, June 12-14, 1988).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Meyer, Richard, Ed.

    This booklet contains both the proceedings of a conference on the rural elderly and the testimony submitted to a field hearing of the U.S. House of Representatives Select Committee on Aging, which was conducted during the conference. Papers presented examine the nature of rural areas and the rural population, services available for the rural…

  18. 7 CFR Exhibit F to Subpart G of... - Implementation Procedures for the Coastal Barrier Resources Act

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL... distributed by the Department of the Interior. Each State Director is responsible for ensuring that those...

  19. 7 CFR Exhibit F to Subpart G of... - Implementation Procedures for the Coastal Barrier Resources Act

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL... distributed by the Department of the Interior. Each State Director is responsible for ensuring that those...

  20. The Teacherage in American Rural Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Maxcy, Spencer J.

    1979-01-01

    Traces the historical evolution of the teacherage, initially proposed as a solution to the problem of housing teachers and as a model home for the edification of rural families. Pinpoints the conceptual connection between the teacherage and the parsonage--each linking the institution to the rural community. (CAM)

  1. 7 CFR 1980.346 - Other eligibility criteria.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Other eligibility criteria. 1980.346 Section 1980.346 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED)...

  2. 7 CFR 1900.3 - State, district, and county office employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false State, district, and county office employees. 1900.3 Section 1900.3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF...

  3. 7 CFR 1956.85 - Payments and receipts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Payments and receipts. 1956.85 Section 1956.85 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT...

  4. 7 CFR 1956.85 - Payments and receipts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Payments and receipts. 1956.85 Section 1956.85 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT...

  5. 7 CFR 1956.85 - Payments and receipts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Payments and receipts. 1956.85 Section 1956.85 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT...

  6. 7 CFR 1956.85 - Payments and receipts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Payments and receipts. 1956.85 Section 1956.85 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT...

  7. 7 CFR 1956.85 - Payments and receipts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Payments and receipts. 1956.85 Section 1956.85 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT...

  8. 7 CFR 2003.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Definitions. EEO—the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq. O&M—Operations and Management. P&P—Policy and Planning. RBS—Rural Business-Cooperative Development Service, USDA, or any... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE...

  9. Rural Area Revitalization Act of 1987; and the Rural Development Reorganization Act of 1987. Hearing on H.R. 1800 and H.R. 2026 before the Subcommittee on Conservation, Credit, and Rural Development of the Committee on Agriculture. House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, First Session.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Agriculture.

    Testimony of H.R. 1800, the Rural Area Revitalization Act, and H.R. 2026, the Rural Development Reorganization Act focuses on the need for federal attention to rural problems other than agriculture. The Rural Area Revitalization Act authorizes expansion of capital available for lending in rural areas, a grant program of $25 million per year for…

  10. 7 CFR 3560.630 - Financial management.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Financial management. 3560.630 Section 3560.630 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS On-Farm Labor Housing § 3560.630 Financial management...

  11. 7 CFR 3560.630 - Financial management.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Financial management. 3560.630 Section 3560.630 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS On-Farm Labor Housing § 3560.630 Financial management...

  12. 7 CFR 3560.630 - Financial management.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Financial management. 3560.630 Section 3560.630 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS On-Farm Labor Housing § 3560.630 Financial management...

  13. 7 CFR 3560.620 - Construction financing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Construction financing. 3560.620 Section 3560.620 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS On-Farm Labor Housing § 3560.620 Construction...

  14. 7 CFR 3560.620 - Construction financing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Construction financing. 3560.620 Section 3560.620 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS On-Farm Labor Housing § 3560.620 Construction...

  15. 7 CFR 3560.560 - Security.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Security. 3560.560 Section 3560.560 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS Off-Farm Labor Housing § 3560.560 Security. The security...

  16. 7 CFR 3560.560 - Security.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Security. 3560.560 Section 3560.560 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS Off-Farm Labor Housing § 3560.560 Security. The security...

  17. 7 CFR 3560.560 - Security.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Security. 3560.560 Section 3560.560 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS Off-Farm Labor Housing § 3560.560 Security. The security...

  18. 7 CFR 3560.560 - Security.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Security. 3560.560 Section 3560.560 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS Off-Farm Labor Housing § 3560.560 Security. The security...

  19. 7 CFR 3560.560 - Security.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Security. 3560.560 Section 3560.560 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS Off-Farm Labor Housing § 3560.560 Security. The security...

  20. 7 CFR 3560.630 - Financial management.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financial management. 3560.630 Section 3560.630 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS On-Farm Labor Housing § 3560.630 Financial management...

  1. The Joseph Bellamy House: Great Awakening in Puritan New England. Teaching with Historic Places.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pape, Barbara Bradbury

    The small rural town of Bethlehem, Connecticut, contains pristine examples of modest 18th-century houses that surround a charming village green. Opposite the village green, the Reverend Joseph Bellamy's immense white clapboard house rises from a hilltop, an imposing presence that makes the village appear diminutive. The house stands today as a…

  2. FPL designs meet family housing needs

    Treesearch

    G. E. Sherwood

    1972-01-01

    The Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) has developed five house plans for low-cost rural houses to demonstrate cost-saving principles of construction, The plans feature simplicity of design, but provide structurally sound houses that fulfill the needs of many families. To determine to what extent the plans were used, how they met the needs and the acceptance standards of...

  3. Rural Broadband Initiative Act

    THOMAS, 112th Congress

    Rep. Owens, William L. [D-NY-23

    2011-03-15

    House - 03/22/2011 Referred to the Subcommittee on Rural Development, Research, Biotechnology, and Foreign Agriculture. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  4. Do wild-caught urban house sparrows show desensitized stress responses to a novel stressor?

    PubMed

    Salleh Hudin, Noraine; Teyssier, Aimeric; Aerts, Johan; Fairhurst, Graham D; Strubbe, Diederik; White, Joël; De Neve, Liesbeth; Lens, Luc

    2018-04-09

    While urbanisation exposes individuals to novel challenges, urban areas may also constitute stable environments in which seasonal fluctuations are buffered. Baseline and stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels are often found to be similar in urban and rural populations. Here we aimed to disentangle two possible mechanisms underlying such pattern: (i) urban environments are no more stressful or urban birds have a better ability to habituate to stressors; or (ii) urban birds developed desensitized stress responses. We exposed wild-caught urban and rural house sparrows ( Passer domesticus ) to combined captivity and diet treatments (urban vs rural diet) and measured corticosterone levels (cort f ) both in natural tail feathers and in regrown homologous ones. Urban and rural house sparrows showed similar cort f levels in the wild and in response to novel stressors caused by the experiment, supporting the growing notion that urban environments are no more stressful during the non-breeding season than are rural ones. Still, juveniles and males originating from urban populations showed the highest cort f levels in regrown feathers. We did not find evidence that cort f was consistent within individuals across moults. Our study stresses the need for incorporating both intrinsic and environmental factors for the interpretation of variation in cort f between populations. © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

  5. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sweet, Marshall L.; Francisco, Abby; Roberts, Sydney G.

    Rea Ventures Group, LLC (Rea Ventures) partnered with Southface Energy Institute (Southface)—a member of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Partnership for Home Innovation Building America research team—to rehabilitate 418 low-income multifamily rental apartments located at 14 properties in Georgia (International Energy Conservation Code Climate Zones 2–4). These 22-year-old units with individual utility meters were arranged in row house or townhouse style. Rehabilitation plans were developed using a process prescribed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Rural Development program, which partially funded the building upgrades. The USDA is responsible for building, upgrading, and subsidizing housing in rural areas nationwide; thismore » housing includes more than 14,000 existing multifamily housing developments. In 2012, more than $100 million in grants and loans were allocated for that purpose.« less

  6. Incidence and characterisation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from nasal colonisation in participants attending a cattle veterinary conference in the UK.

    PubMed

    Paterson, Gavin K; Harrison, Ewan M; Craven, Emily F; Petersen, Andreas; Larsen, Anders Rhod; Ellington, Matthew J; Török, M Estée; Peacock, Sharon J; Parkhill, Julian; Zadoks, Ruth N; Holmes, Mark A

    2013-01-01

    We sought to determine the prevalence of nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among cattle veterinarians in the UK. There was particular interest in examining the frequency of colonisation with MRSA harbouring mecC, as strains with this mecA homologue were originally identified in bovine milk and may represent a zoonotic risk to those in contact with dairy livestock. Three hundred and seven delegates at the British Cattle Veterinarian Association (BCVA) Congress 2011 in Southport, UK were screening for nasal colonisation with MRSA. Isolates were characterised by whole genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Eight out of three hundred and seven delegates (2.6%) were positive for nasal colonisation with MRSA. All strains were positive for mecA and none possessed mecC. The time since a delegate's last visit to a farm was significantly shorter in the MRSA-positive group than in MRSA-negative counterparts. BCVA delegates have an increased risk of MRSA colonisation compared to the general population but their frequency of colonisation is lower than that reported from other types of veterinarian conference, and from that seen in human healthcare workers. The results indicate that recent visitation to a farm is a risk factor for MRSA colonisation and that mecC-MRSA are rare among BCVA delegates (<1% based on sample size). Contact with livestock, including dairy cattle, may still be a risk factor for human colonisation with mecC-MRSA but occurs at a rate below the lower limit of detection available in this study.

  7. Tapping the Power of Place

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lockette, Tim

    2010-01-01

    In American popular culture, the word "rural" invokes images of sunny farms and little red school-houses--while "urban" means drugs, poverty, and crime. But rural schools face many of the same challenges as their urban counterparts. The problems of rural schools are often invisible to the public and policy makers. The solutions…

  8. 7 CFR 1945.18 - United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Agriculture Council (FAC).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Agriculture Council (FAC). 1945.18 Section 1945.18 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE...

  9. 7 CFR 1945.18 - United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Agriculture Council (FAC).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2011-01-01 2009-01-01 true United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Agriculture Council (FAC). 1945.18 Section 1945.18 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE...

  10. 7 CFR 1945.18 - United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Agriculture Council (FAC).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Agriculture Council (FAC). 1945.18 Section 1945.18 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE...

  11. Rural Gentrification and Linked Migration in the United States

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nelson, Peter B.; Oberg, Alexander; Nelson, Lise

    2010-01-01

    Although gentrification is a process commonly associated with urban landscapes, rural areas in advanced economies have also experienced gentrification over the past two decades. Largely based on case study approaches, the Rural Studies literature describes transformations in the housing market, changed cultural attitudes toward the environment,…

  12. Federal Funding Sources Available to Local Governments for Rural Areas. Rural Information Center Publication Series, No. 4.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Reynnells, M. Louise, Comp.

    This publication contains information on 101 federal programs that provide funding to rural projects initiated by local governments, public agencies, tribal governments, nonprofit organizations, educational institutions, citizen groups, and individuals. Eligible local project categories include conservation, farm ownership and operation, housing,…

  13. 7 CFR Exhibit C to Subpart B of... - Letter for Notifying Applicants, Lenders, Holders, and Borrowers of Adverse Decisions When Part...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... of Part 1900 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PROGRAM REGULATIONS GENERAL Adverse Decisions and Administrative Appeals Pt. 1900...

  14. 7 CFR Appendix - Exhibits to Subpart E of Part 1951

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Exhibits to Subpart E of Part 1951 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) SERVICING AND...

  15. 7 CFR Appendix - Exhibits to Subpart E of Part 1951

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Exhibits to Subpart E of Part 1951 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) SERVICING AND...

  16. 7 CFR Appendix - Exhibits to Subpart E of Part 1951

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Exhibits to Subpart E of Part 1951 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) SERVICING AND...

  17. 7 CFR 1955.144 - Disposal of NP or surplus property to, through, or acquisition from other agencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED... chattel property cannot be sold (or only token offers are received for it), the appropriate Assistant...

  18. 7 CFR 1955.144 - Disposal of NP or surplus property to, through, or acquisition from other agencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED... chattel property cannot be sold (or only token offers are received for it), the appropriate Assistant...

  19. 7 CFR 1955.144 - Disposal of NP or surplus property to, through, or acquisition from other agencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED... chattel property cannot be sold (or only token offers are received for it), the appropriate Assistant...

  20. 7 CFR 3555.3 - Civil rights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Civil rights. 3555.3 Section 3555.3 Agriculture... GUARANTEED RURAL HOUSING PROGRAM (Eff. 9-1-14) General § 3555.3 Civil rights. Rural Development, lenders, and.... Rural Development's civil rights compliance requirements are provided in 7 CFR part 1901, subpart E. ...

  1. 7 CFR 1940.317 - Methods for ensuring proper implementation of categorical exclusions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM... or archeological site; (6) Critical Habitat or Endangered/Threatened Species (listed or proposed)—the proposed action: (i) Contain a critical habitat within the project site, (ii) Is adjacent to a critical...

  2. Housing index, urbanisation level and lifetime prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders: a cross-sectional analysis of the Colombian national mental health survey

    PubMed Central

    Rincon, Carlos Javier; Tamayo Martínez, Nathalie; Rodriguez, Nelcy; Tiemeier, Henning; Mackenbach, Johan P; Gómez-Restrepo, Carlos; Guarnizo-Herreño, Carol C

    2018-01-01

    Objectives To study socioeconomic inequalities in mental health in rural and urban Colombia, a country with a history of internal conflict and large socioeconomic inequalities. Recent survey data are available to study this understudied topic in a middle-income country. Methods Using data from 9656 respondents from the 2015 Colombian Mental Health survey, we investigated the association between lifetime prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders and quality of dwellings and access to public services housing score (HS). We calculated the relative index of inequality (RII) and slope index of inequality (SII) for HS in urban and rural areas, adjusting for potential confounders and mediating factors. Outcomes The lifetime prevalence of anxiety and depression (combined) was 9.6% in urban versus 6.9% in rural areas (p<0.001). HS was not associated with prevalence of anxiety and depression in urban settings, whereas a higher HS (poorer housing quality) was associated with fewer mental disorders in rural areas in both univariate and multivariate models (multivariate RIIurban0.96 (95% CI 0.51 to 1.81); RIIrural0.11 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.32)). In rural areas, the prevalence of mental health problems was 12% points lower in persons living in the poorest quality dwellings than in those living in high-quality dwellings (SII −0.12 (95% CI −0.18 to −0.06)). Interestingly, within rural areas, persons living in ‘populated centres’ (small towns, villages) had a higher lifetime prevalence of any mental health disorder (9.8% (95% CI 6.9 to 13.6)) compared with those living in more isolated, dispersed areas (6.0% (95% CI 4.6 to 7.7)). Interpretation In rural Colombia, those living in the poorest houses and in dispersed areas had a lower prevalence of mental health problems. Further understanding of this phenomenon of a seemingly inverse association of prevalence of mental disorders with poverty and/or urbanisation in rural areas is needed. Particularly, considering the progressive urbanisation process in Colombia, it is important to monitor mental health in populations migrating to the cities. PMID:29880561

  3. 7 CFR 3560.260 - Rental subsidies from non-Agency sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Section 3560.260 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS Rental Subsidies § 3560... subsidies from sources other than the Agency in Agency financed housing projects. The Agency will make no...

  4. 7 CFR 3560.621 - Loan closing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan closing. 3560.621 Section 3560.621 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS On-Farm Labor Housing § 3560.621 Loan closing. Applicants...

  5. Osvaldo and Isis retrotransposons as markers of the Drosophila buzzatii colonisation in Australia.

    PubMed

    Guerreiro, María Pilar García; Fontdevila, Antonio

    2011-04-24

    Transposable elements (TEs) constitute an important source of genetic variability owing to their jumping and regulatory properties, and are considered to drive species evolution. Several factors that are able to induce TE transposition in genomes have been documented (for example environmental stress and inter- and intra-specific crosses) but in many instances the reasons for TE mobilisation have yet to be elucidated. Colonising populations constitute an ideal model for studying TE behaviour and distribution as they are exposed to different environmental and new demographic conditions. In this study, the distribution of two TEs, Osvaldo and Isis, was examined in two colonising populations of D. buzzatii from Australia. Comparing Osvaldo copy numbers between Australian and Old World (reported in previous studies) colonisations provides a valuable tool for elucidating the colonisation process and the effect of new conditions encountered by colonisers on TEs. The chromosomal distributions of Osvaldo and Isis retrotransposons in two colonising populations of D. buzzatii from Australia revealed sites of high insertion frequency (>10%) and low frequency sites. Comparisons between Osvaldo insertion profiles in colonising populations from the Old World and Australia demonstrate a tendency towards a higher number of highly occupied sites with higher insertion frequency in the Old World than in Australian populations. Tests concerning selection against deleterious TE insertions indicate that Isis is more controlled by purifying selection than Osvaldo. The distribution of both elements on chromosomal arms follows a Poisson distribution and there are non-significant positive correlations between highly occupied sites and chromosomal inversions. The occupancy profile of Osvaldo and Isis retrotransposons is characterised by the existence of high and low insertion frequency sites in the populations. These results demonstrate that Australian D. buzzatii populations were subjected to a founder effect during the colonisation process. Moreover, there are more sites with high insertion frequency in the Old World colonisation than in the Australian colonisation, indicating a probable stronger bottleneck effect in Australia. The results suggest that selection does not seem to play a major role, compared to demography, in the distribution of transposable elements in the Australian populations.

  6. Osvaldo and Isis retrotransposons as markers of the Drosophila buzzatii colonisation in Australia

    PubMed Central

    2011-01-01

    Background Transposable elements (TEs) constitute an important source of genetic variability owing to their jumping and regulatory properties, and are considered to drive species evolution. Several factors that are able to induce TE transposition in genomes have been documented (for example environmental stress and inter- and intra-specific crosses) but in many instances the reasons for TE mobilisation have yet to be elucidated. Colonising populations constitute an ideal model for studying TE behaviour and distribution as they are exposed to different environmental and new demographic conditions. In this study, the distribution of two TEs, Osvaldo and Isis, was examined in two colonising populations of D. buzzatii from Australia. Comparing Osvaldo copy numbers between Australian and Old World (reported in previous studies) colonisations provides a valuable tool for elucidating the colonisation process and the effect of new conditions encountered by colonisers on TEs. Results The chromosomal distributions of Osvaldo and Isis retrotransposons in two colonising populations of D. buzzatii from Australia revealed sites of high insertion frequency (>10%) and low frequency sites. Comparisons between Osvaldo insertion profiles in colonising populations from the Old World and Australia demonstrate a tendency towards a higher number of highly occupied sites with higher insertion frequency in the Old World than in Australian populations. Tests concerning selection against deleterious TE insertions indicate that Isis is more controlled by purifying selection than Osvaldo. The distribution of both elements on chromosomal arms follows a Poisson distribution and there are non-significant positive correlations between highly occupied sites and chromosomal inversions. Conclusions The occupancy profile of Osvaldo and Isis retrotransposons is characterised by the existence of high and low insertion frequency sites in the populations. These results demonstrate that Australian D. buzzatii populations were subjected to a founder effect during the colonisation process. Moreover, there are more sites with high insertion frequency in the Old World colonisation than in the Australian colonisation, indicating a probable stronger bottleneck effect in Australia. The results suggest that selection does not seem to play a major role, compared to demography, in the distribution of transposable elements in the Australian populations. PMID:21513573

  7. Rural Development Reorganization Act of 1984; and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Rural Development Policy Report. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Conservation, Credit, and Rural Development of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, Ninety-Eighth Congress, Second Session on H.R. 5024.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Agriculture.

    Testimonies were heard in reference to the administration's annual rural development policy report and H.R. 5024, the Rural Development Reorganization Act of 1984. The bill provides that the Department of Agriculture shall be known as the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, transfers the administration of certain conservation programs…

  8. 7 CFR 1951.896 - Appeals.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Appeals. 1951.896 Section 1951.896 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... 1900 of this chapter. ...

  9. A new risk factor for neonatal vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus colonisation: bacterial probiotics.

    PubMed

    Topcuoglu, Sevilay; Gursoy, Tugba; Ovalı, Fahri; Serce, Ozge; Karatekin, Guner

    2015-08-01

    Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) colonisation can be controlled with strict adherence to infection control measures. We describe a VRE outbreak coincident with bacterial probiotic trial. Relationship between probiotic and VRE colonisation, and other possible risk factors were investigated. Two hundred and ten infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks had been randomised for a trial with probiotic preparation containing Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium lactis, fructooligosaccharide, galactooligosaccharide, colostrums and lactoferrin (NBL probiotic ATP®; Nobel, Istanbul, Turkey) between February 2012 and August 2013 when a VRE outbreak also took place. The existence of a relationship between this probiotic preparation and VRE colonisation was investigated. The begining and end of the outbreak were coincident with the beginning and end of the probiotic trial. Demographic and clinical features of neonates did not differ between VRE colonised (n = 94) and non-colonised infants (n = 116) except for vancomycin (p = 0.012) and probiotic (p < 0.001) use. Probiotic and vancomycin exposure were significant risk factors for VRE colonisation. The acquisition and transfer of resistance genes of bacteria may be mediated by probiotics. Therefore, the safety of probiotics is a concern and should be investigated further.

  10. Transformation of traditional houses in the development of sustainable rural tourism, case study of Brayut Tourism Village in Yogyakarta

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vitasurya, V. R.; Hardiman, G.; Sari, S. R.

    2018-01-01

    This paper aims to reveal local values used by Brayut villagers to maintain the existence of the traditional house as a dwelling. The transformation of traditional houses goes as time passes, influenced by internal aspects related to the needs of residents and external aspects related to the regional development by the government. Traditional Javanese house as a cultural identity of Javanese people, especially in the village, has also experienced the transformation phenomenon. Modernization affects local residents’ needs and the Government’s Development Program for tourism village influences demands of change. An unfocused transformation can lead to a total change that can eliminate the cultural identity of the rural Java community. The method used is the case study by taking three models of Javanese house in Brayut Village. Brayut Tourism Village is a cultural tourism village that relies on tradition as a tourist attraction. The existence of traditional Javanese house is an important asset for retaining its authenticity as a dwelling. Three models taken as the case studies represent the traditional Javanese house types. The result obtained is that the family bond is a major factor in preserving the traditional Javanese house in Brayut Village, Yogyakarta.

  11. 75 FR 3890 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-25

    ..., require the Rural Housing Service (RHS), and the Rural Business- Cooperative Service (RBS) to graduate... borrowers concerning their loans. Need and Use of the Information: The information submitted by RBS and RHS...

  12. 7 CFR 1944.423 - Loan packaging and 502 RH application submittal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... or its successor agency under Public Law 103-354's ultimate decision making authority to approve or... HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY...

  13. Rural Energy Communities Development Act of 2010

    THOMAS, 111th Congress

    Rep. Pomeroy, Earl [D-ND-At Large

    2010-09-29

    House - 11/16/2010 Referred to the Subcommittee on Rural Development, Biotechnology, Specialty Crops, and Foreign Agriculture. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  14. 7 CFR 3560.67 - Rates and terms for section 515 loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... housing, loans will be amortized over a period not to exceed the lesser of the economic life of the... Section 3560.67 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS Direct Loan and Grant Origination...

  15. 7 CFR 3575.40 - Equal opportunity and Fair Housing Act requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Equal opportunity and Fair Housing Act requirements. 3575.40 Section 3575.40 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL Community Programs Guaranteed Loans § 3575.40 Equal...

  16. 78 FR 65582 - Single Family Housing Direct Loan Program

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-01

    ... contains notices to the public of #0;the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these... CFR Part 3550 RIN 0575-AC88 Single Family Housing Direct Loan Program AGENCY: Rural Housing Service, USDA. ACTION: Proposed rule and information collection; extension of public comment period. SUMMARY...

  17. 7 CFR 1955.115 - Sales steps for nonprogram (NP) property (housing).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Sales steps for nonprogram (NP) property (housing... Inventory Property Rural Housing (rh) Real Property § 1955.115 Sales steps for nonprogram (NP) property... following steps after repairs, if economically feasible, are completed. The appraisal will be updated to...

  18. Rural Health Care Capital Access Act of 2011

    THOMAS, 112th Congress

    Rep. Hinojosa, Ruben [D-TX-15

    2011-07-18

    House - 08/22/2011 Referred to the Subcommittee on Insurance, Housing and Community Opportunity. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  19. Once an Outsider, Always an Outsider? The Accessibility of the Dutch Rural Housing Market among Locals and Non-Locals

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    de Groot, Carola; Daalhuizen, Femke B. C.; van Dam, Frank; Mulder, Clara H.

    2012-01-01

    One of the most pressing questions in the rural gentrification literature is whether rural residents face difficulties in finding a home within their locality due to the influx of more wealthy newcomers. In this paper, we investigate the extent to which intended local movers and intended non-local movers have realised their rural residential…

  20. Housing index, urbanisation level and lifetime prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders: a cross-sectional analysis of the Colombian national mental health survey.

    PubMed

    de Vries, Esther; Rincon, Carlos Javier; Tamayo Martínez, Nathalie; Rodriguez, Nelcy; Tiemeier, Henning; Mackenbach, Johan P; Gómez-Restrepo, Carlos; Guarnizo-Herreño, Carol C

    2018-06-07

    To study socioeconomic inequalities in mental health in rural and urban Colombia, a country with a history of internal conflict and large socioeconomic inequalities. Recent survey data are available to study this understudied topic in a middle-income country. Using data from 9656 respondents from the 2015 Colombian Mental Health survey, we investigated the association between lifetime prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders and quality of dwellings and access to public services housing score (HS). We calculated the relative index of inequality (RII) and slope index of inequality (SII) for HS in urban and rural areas, adjusting for potential confounders and mediating factors. The lifetime prevalence of anxiety and depression (combined) was 9.6% in urban versus 6.9% in rural areas (p<0.001). HS was not associated with prevalence of anxiety and depression in urban settings, whereas a higher HS (poorer housing quality) was associated with fewer mental disorders in rural areas in both univariate and multivariate models (multivariate RII urban 0.96 (95% CI 0.51 to 1.81); RII rural 0.11 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.32)). In rural areas, the prevalence of mental health problems was 12% points lower in persons living in the poorest quality dwellings than in those living in high-quality dwellings (SII -0.12 (95% CI -0.18 to -0.06)). Interestingly, within rural areas, persons living in 'populated centres' (small towns, villages) had a higher lifetime prevalence of any mental health disorder (9.8% (95% CI 6.9 to 13.6)) compared with those living in more isolated, dispersed areas (6.0% (95% CI 4.6 to 7.7)). In rural Colombia, those living in the poorest houses and in dispersed areas had a lower prevalence of mental health problems. Further understanding of this phenomenon of a seemingly inverse association of prevalence of mental disorders with poverty and/or urbanisation in rural areas is needed. Particularly, considering the progressive urbanisation process in Colombia, it is important to monitor mental health in populations migrating to the cities. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

  1. An epidemiological study of blindness in an Indian rural community.

    PubMed Central

    Srivastava, R N; Verma, B L

    1978-01-01

    A house-to-house survey of blindness in an Indian rural community covering a population of 20 134 in 12 villages revealed a prevalence rate of 35 blind and 144 partially blind persons per 10 000 population. Blindness was significantly associated with the age, sex, marital status, occupation, and socioeconomic status of the respondents. Caratact, glaucoma, smallpox and trachoma were the main causes of blindness. Preventive measures can reduce the toll of blindness in such a community. PMID:681587

  2. Rural Housing Preservation Act of 2011

    THOMAS, 112th Congress

    Sen. Nelson, Ben [D-NE

    2011-05-04

    Senate - 05/04/2011 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  3. 7 CFR Exhibit C to Subpart G of... - Implementation Procedures for the Farmland Protection Policy Act; Executive Order 11988...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM... government, and private programs and policies to protect farmland. The Soil Conservation Service (SCS), as...

  4. 7 CFR 1980.452 - FmHA or its successor agency under Public Law 103-354 evaluation of application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Business and... notification will include the reasons for denial of the guarantee. If FmHA or its successor agency under Public...

  5. 7 CFR 1980.452 - FmHA or its successor agency under Public Law 103-354 evaluation of application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Business and... notification will include the reasons for denial of the guarantee. If FmHA or its successor agency under Public...

  6. 7 CFR 1956.67 - Debts which the debtor is able to pay in full but refuses to do so.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM... security or other property will bring at forced sale. (b) The debt may be compromised or adjusted when the... normally will not carry great weight in settling large debts. ...

  7. In Search of Housing: Urban Families in Rural Contexts

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lawson Clark, Sherri

    2012-01-01

    Researchers have been following a trend posited by the renowned anthropologist Janet Fitchen, which examines the increasing movement of low-income people to rural communities drawn not necessarily by labor market forces, but by the characteristics and amenities found in rural towns. This study adds to that literature by focusing on the ways in…

  8. 7 CFR 1942.122 - Actions prior to loan closing and start of construction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Actions prior to loan closing and start of...) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE... Rescue and Other Small Community Facilities Projects § 1942.122 Actions prior to loan closing and start...

  9. 7 CFR 1940.317 - Methods for ensuring proper implementation of categorical exclusions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... under consideration; and (14) State Water Quality Standard—the proposed action would impair a water... (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM... identified in § 1940.310(b)(8), for farm programs exclusions listed in § 1940.310(d)(2) and (3), and for...

  10. Expenditures on Children by Rural Families.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lino, Mark

    2002-01-01

    From 1960 to 2000, total expenses to rear a rural child to age 18 increased in real terms. Food expenses decreased, but child care and educational expenses increased more. Details are presented on child-rearing expenditures by low-, middle-, and higher-income rural and urban families on housing, food, transportation, clothing, health care, child…

  11. 7 CFR 1944.410 - Processing preapplications, applications, and completing grant dockets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM..., address, and principal business. If the applicant is not already formed, attach copies of the proposed... under subpart B of part 1900 of this chapter. (3) If the applicant is eligible and no grant or loan...

  12. 7 CFR 1944.682 - Preapplication/application review, grant approval, and requesting HPG funds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM... part 1900 of this chapter. Applications determined not eligible will be handled in the same manner. The... advise the applicant of its appeal rights under subpart B of part 1900 of this chapter. (c) With the...

  13. Rural Learning: A Practical Guide to Developing Learning Opportunities in the Countryside.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Payne, John

    This guide to rural learning is intended to help those developing learning opportunities in the United Kingdom countryside--teachers, program organizers, project and development workers, and health and housing workers. Section 1 supplies up-to-date facts and figures and useful information about living in the rural context. It highlights issues…

  14. 7 CFR 1951.10 - Application of payments on production type loan accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Application of payments on production type loan accounts. 1951.10 Section 1951.10 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED)...

  15. 7 CFR 1951.10 - Application of payments on production type loan accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Application of payments on production type loan accounts. 1951.10 Section 1951.10 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED)...

  16. 7 CFR 1951.10 - Application of payments on production type loan accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Application of payments on production type loan accounts. 1951.10 Section 1951.10 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED)...

  17. 7 CFR 1951.10 - Application of payments on production type loan accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Application of payments on production type loan accounts. 1951.10 Section 1951.10 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED)...

  18. 7 CFR 1951.10 - Application of payments on production type loan accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Application of payments on production type loan accounts. 1951.10 Section 1951.10 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED)...

  19. ICLIS: A Model for Extending Knowledge to Residents in Rural Communities. A Planning Workbook.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Utah State Univ., Logan.

    The Intermountain Community Learning and Information Services (ICLIS) project was begun in 1985 to provide rural communities in Colorado, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming with greater access to information and educational programming. Computer centers were housed in nine rural public libraries to provide services related to literacy, career guidance,…

  20. 7 CFR 1956.147 - Debt settlement under the Federal Claims Collection Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... debtor has a Community Programs or Business and Industry loans(s) and defined in this subpart, these loan... such cases, the subject loans and claims should be listed under part II(B) on Form FmHA or its...) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE...

  1. 7 CFR 1956.147 - Debt settlement under the Federal Claims Collection Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... debtor has a Community Programs or Business and Industry loans(s) and defined in this subpart, these loan... such cases, the subject loans and claims should be listed under part II(B) on Form FmHA or its...) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE...

  2. 7 CFR 1956.147 - Debt settlement under the Federal Claims Collection Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... debtor has a Community Programs or Business and Industry loans(s) and defined in this subpart, these loan... such cases, the subject loans and claims should be listed under part II(B) on Form FmHA or its...) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE...

  3. 7 CFR 1956.147 - Debt settlement under the Federal Claims Collection Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... debtor has a Community Programs or Business and Industry loans(s) and defined in this subpart, these loan... such cases, the subject loans and claims should be listed under part II(B) on Form FmHA or its...) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE...

  4. 77 FR 54877 - Guaranteed Rural Rental Housing Low Loan-to-Cost Ratio

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-06

    .... FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Monica Cole, Financial and Loan Analyst, USDA Rural Development... 20250-0781. Email: monica.cole@wdc.usda.gov . Telephone: (202) 720-1251. This number is not toll-free...

  5. 7 CFR 1980.341 - Inspections of construction and compliance reviews.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY... subpart A of part 1924. (c) Water and water/waste disposal. The Lender will see that the water and water...

  6. 7 CFR 1980.341 - Inspections of construction and compliance reviews.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY... subpart A of part 1924. (c) Water and water/waste disposal. The Lender will see that the water and water...

  7. 7 CFR 1901.253 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE..., sites, buildings, structures, and objects, significant in American history, architecture, archeology... significance in American History, Architecture, Archeology, and the culture is present in districts, sites...

  8. Aboriginal women in rural Australia; a small study of infant feeding behaviour.

    PubMed

    Helps, Catherine; Barclay, Lesley

    2015-06-01

    Aboriginal women in rural areas have lower rates of breastfeeding than Australian averages. The reasons for this are poorly understood. Aboriginal people experience higher morbidity and increased rates of chronic disease throughout the life cycle. The protective effects of sustained breastfeeding could benefit rural Aboriginal communities. To explore the factors impacting upon infant feeding choices in a rural Aboriginal Community. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight Aboriginal rural dwelling first time mothers. These women received a continuity of midwife and Aboriginal Health Worker model of care. Interviews were also undertaken with five Aboriginal Health Workers and two Aboriginal community breastfeeding champions. The analysis was integrated with a conventional literature review and was further developed and illustrated with historical literature. Indigenist methodology guided the study design, analysis and the dissemination of results. Three key themes were identified. These were "I'm doing the best thing for..." which encompasses the motivations underpinning infant feeding decisions; "this is what I know..." which explores individual and community knowledge regarding infant feeding; and "a safe place to feed" identifying the barriers that negative societal messages pose for women as they make infant feeding decisions. It appears loss of family and community breastfeeding knowledge resulting from colonisation still influences the Aboriginal women of today. Aboriginal women value and trust knowledge which is passed to them from extended family members and women within their Community. Cultural, historical and socioeconomic factors all strongly influence the infant feeding decisions of individuals in this study. Efforts to normalise breastfeeding in the culture of rural dwelling Aboriginal women and their supporting community appear to be necessary and may promote breastfeeding more effectively than optimal professional care of individuals can do. Crown Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. Usage of Nest Materials by House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) Along an Urban to Rural Gradient in Coimbatore, India.

    PubMed

    Radhamany, Dhanya; Das, Karumampoyil Sakthidas Anoop; Azeez, Parappurath Abdul; Wen, Longying; Sreekala, Leelambika Krishnan

    2016-08-01

    The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) is a widely distributed bird species found throughout the world. Being a species which has close association with humans, they chiefly nest on man-made structures. Here we describe the materials used by the house sparrow for making nests along an urban to rural gradient. For the current study, we selected the Coimbatore to Anaikatty road (State Highway-164), a 27 km inter-state highway, which traverses along an urban core to rural outstretch of Coimbatore. Of the 30 nests observed, 15 nests were from the rural, 8 were from the suburban, and 7 were from the urban areas. The nests had two distinct layers, specifically the structural layer and the inner lining. In the current study, we identified 11 plant species, 2 types of animal matter, and 6 types of anthropogenic matter, including plastic pieces and fine rope. The amount of anthropogenic materials in the nest formation varied along the gradients. The usage of anthropogenic materials was high in urban areas (p<0.05) whereas it did not differ at the sub-urban regions (p>0.05). A gradual decrease in the usage of plant matter towards the urban area was noticed (p<0.05). This study explicitly documents the links between nest material usage along an urban to rural gradient, in a human associated bird.

  10. Musical Acculturation through Primary School Activities during Japanese Colonial Rule of Korea (1910-1945)

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kim, Jeong Ha

    2014-01-01

    Global colonialism and continuing post-colonial influences caused widespread cultural change at the interface of different cultures. Musical acculturation can be observed in most colonised countries. Some pro-colonialists apologetically allege that through colonisation the colonised territories would receive developmental aid and economical…

  11. On the Economics of Space Colonisation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    King, D. J.

    An economic model of the future colonisation of Mars is developed, which, for simplicity, is assumed to be a one-off transplantation of capital and population to Mars. The model demonstrates that compound growth of output and population, and diminishing natural resources on Earth eventually create sufficiently intense economic pressures that the colonisation of Mars (and by implication of space generally) confers a net economic benefit on humanity. The model illustrates that the colonisation of space is likely to occur because economic forces will ultimately compel it to occur. The model is highly counter-intuitive because it has traditionally been believed by many that the colonisation of space could only be done at a net economic cost to humanity and would not result in a net economic benefit to mankind.

  12. Rural Educator and American Community Housing Act of 2012

    THOMAS, 112th Congress

    Sen. Begich, Mark [D-AK

    2012-06-07

    Senate - 06/07/2012 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  13. 7 CFR 1940.568 - Single Family Housing programs appropriations not allocated by State.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Single Family Housing programs appropriations not... appropriations not allocated by State. The following program funds are kept in a National Office reserve and are... 523 Land Development Fund. (c) Section 524 Rural Housing Site Loans. (d) Section 509 Compensation for...

  14. 7 CFR 1940.568 - Single Family Housing programs appropriations not allocated by State.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Single Family Housing programs appropriations not... appropriations not allocated by State. The following program funds are kept in a National Office reserve and are... 523 Land Development Fund. (c) Section 524 Rural Housing Site Loans. (d) Section 509 Compensation for...

  15. 7 CFR 1940.568 - Single Family Housing programs appropriations not allocated by State.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Single Family Housing programs appropriations not... appropriations not allocated by State. The following program funds are kept in a National Office reserve and are... 523 Land Development Fund. (c) Section 524 Rural Housing Site Loans. (d) Section 509 Compensation for...

  16. 7 CFR 1940.568 - Single Family Housing programs appropriations not allocated by State.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Single Family Housing programs appropriations not... appropriations not allocated by State. The following program funds are kept in a National Office reserve and are... 523 Land Development Fund. (c) Section 524 Rural Housing Site Loans. (d) Section 509 Compensation for...

  17. 7 CFR 1940.568 - Single Family Housing programs appropriations not allocated by State.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2011-01-01 2009-01-01 true Single Family Housing programs appropriations not... appropriations not allocated by State. The following program funds are kept in a National Office reserve and are... 523 Land Development Fund. (c) Section 524 Rural Housing Site Loans. (d) Section 509 Compensation for...

  18. 75 FR 80790 - Multi-Family Housing Program 2011 Industry Forums-Open Teleconference and/or Web Conference Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-23

    ...--Open Teleconference and/or Web Conference Meetings AGENCY: Rural Housing Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This Notice announces a series of teleconference and/or Web conference meetings regarding the USDA Multi-Family Housing Program. The teleconference and/or Web conference meetings will be scheduled...

  19. 7 CFR 3560.73 - Subsequent loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... over a period not to exceed the lesser of the economic life of the housing being financed or 50 years and paid over a term not to exceed the lesser of the economic life of the housing or 30 years from the... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE...

  20. 76 FR 9588 - Announcement of Funding Awards for the Rural Housing and Economic Development Program; Fiscal...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-18

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT [Docket No. FR-5300-FA-04] Announcement of Funding... Assistant Secretary for Community Planning and Development, HUD. ACTION: Notice of funding awards. SUMMARY: In accordance with section 102(a)(4)(C) of the Department of Housing and Urban Development Reform Act...

  1. Spatial and temporal variation in the community prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Bangladesh: an integrated surveillance study protocol.

    PubMed

    Rousham, Emily; Unicomb, Leanne; Wood, Paul; Smith, Michael; Asaduzzaman, Muhammad; Islam, Mohammad Aminul

    2018-04-28

    Increasing antibiotic resistance (ABR) in low-income and middle-income countries such as Bangladesh presents a major health threat. However, assessing the scale of the health risk is problematic in the absence of reliable data on the community prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We describe the protocol for a small-scale integrated surveillance programme that aims to quantify the prevalence of colonisation with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and concentrations of antibiotic-resistant genes from a 'One Health' perspective. The holistic assessment of ABR in humans, animals and within the environment in urban and rural Bangladesh will generate comprehensive data to inform human health risk. The study design focuses on three exposure-relevant sites where there is enhanced potential for transmission of ABR between humans, animals and the environment: (1) rural poultry-owning households, (2) commercial poultry farms and (3) urban live-bird markets. The comparison of ABR prevalence in human groups with high and low exposure to farming and poultry will enable us to test the hypothesis that ABR bacteria and genes from the environment and food-producing animals are potential sources of transmission to humans. Escherichia coli is used as an ABR indicator organism due to its widespread environmental presence and colonisation in both the human and animal gastrointestinal tract. The study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, and Loughborough University Ethics Committee. Data for the project will be stored on the open access repository of the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

  2. To amend the Rural Electrification Act of 1936, and for other purposes.

    THOMAS, 112th Congress

    Rep. Gibson, Christopher P. [R-NY-20

    2012-06-05

    House - 06/27/2012 Referred to the Subcommittee on Rural Development, Research, Biotechnology, and Foreign Agriculture. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  3. 7 CFR 1948.93 - Appeal procedure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Appeal procedure. 1948.93 Section 1948.93 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... accordance with FmHA Instruction 1900-B. ...

  4. 7 CFR 1900.57 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 1900.57 Section 1900.57 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... GENERAL Adverse Decisions and Administrative Appeals § 1900.57 [Reserved] ...

  5. 7 CFR 1955.100 - OMB control number.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) PROPERTY MANAGEMENT Management of Property § 1955.100 OMB control number... Management and Budget and assigned OMB control number 0575-0110. ...

  6. Rural Development. Federal Programs that Focus on Rural America and Its Economic Development. Briefing Report to the Ranking Minority Member, Subcommittee on Conservation, Credit, and Rural Development, Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    General Accounting Office, Washington, DC. Resources, Community, and Economic Development Div.

    This report identifies those federal programs that are essentially rural and pursue economic development purposes. Using the 10 Beale population codes, 2,097 of the 3,096 U.S. counties, containing 16% of the U.S. population, were defined as rural (had urban populations of less than 20,000). The approximately 800 federal domestic assistance…

  7. 7 CFR 1940.313 - Actions that normally require the preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Actions that normally require the preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). 1940.313 Section 1940.313 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMEN...

  8. 7 CFR Guide 1 to Subpart G of... - Project Management Agreement Between the ____ Regional Commission and the Farmers Home...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2011-01-01 2009-01-01 true Project Management Agreement Between the ____ Regional... of Agriculture 1 Guide 1 to Subpart G of Part 1942 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE...

  9. 7 CFR Guide 1 to Subpart G of... - Project Management Agreement Between the ____ Regional Commission and the Farmers Home...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Project Management Agreement Between the..., Department of Agriculture 1 Guide 1 to Subpart G of Part 1942 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE...

  10. 7 CFR Guide 1 to Subpart G of... - Project Management Agreement Between the ____ Regional Commission and the Farmers Home...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Project Management Agreement Between the ____ Regional... of Agriculture 1 Guide 1 to Subpart G of Part 1942 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE...

  11. 7 CFR Guide 1 to Subpart G of... - Project Management Agreement Between the ____ Regional Commission and the Farmers Home...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Project Management Agreement Between the..., Department of Agriculture 1 Guide 1 to Subpart G of Part 1942 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE...

  12. The Household and the Family in Rural Russia

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Patsiorkovskii, V. V.; Patsiorkovskaia, V. V.

    2011-01-01

    There is a great need to improve rural life in Russia, and this must involve the development of the agricultural economy. This will require improving life for rural families, making it easier for them to obtain land to farm, and providing adequate housing and cultural facilities in the Russian village. (Contains 1 table.) [This article was…

  13. 7 CFR Exhibit B to Subpart B of... - Notification of Tribe of Availability of Farm Property for Purchase

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE...) PROPERTY MANAGEMENT Management of Property Pt. 1955, Subpt. B, Exh. B Exhibit B to Subpart B of Part 1955... property and be able to carry on a family farming operation. Those persons not eligible for FSA's regular...

  14. 7 CFR 1951.890 - Office of Inspector General and Office of General Counsel referrals.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Office of Inspector General and Office of General Counsel referrals. 1951.890 Section 1951.890 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ...

  15. Investigating Bordetella pertussis colonisation and immunity: protocol for an inpatient controlled human infection model

    PubMed Central

    de Graaf, Hans; Gbesemete, Diane; Gorringe, Andrew R.; Diavatopoulos, Dimitri A.; Kester, Kent E.; Faust, Saul N.; Read, Robert C.

    2017-01-01

    Introduction We summarise an ethically approved protocol for the development of an experimental human challenge colonisation model. Globally Bordetella pertussis is one of the leading causes of vaccine-preventable death. Many countries have replaced whole cell vaccines with acellular vaccines over the last 20 years during which pertussis appears to be resurgent in a number of countries in the developed world that boast high immunisation coverage. The acellular vaccine provides relatively short-lived immunity and, in contrast to whole cell vaccines, may be less effective against colonisation and subsequent transmission. To improve vaccine strategies, a greater understanding of human B. pertussis colonisation is required. This article summarises a protocol and does not contain any results. Methods and analysis A controlled human colonisation model will be developed over two phases. In phase A, a low dose of the inoculum will be given intranasally to healthy participants. This dose will be escalated or de-escalated until colonisation is achieved in approximately 70% (95% CI 47% to 93%) of the exposed volunteers without causing disease. The colonisation period, shedding and exploratory immunology will be assessed during a 17-day inpatient stay and follow-up over 1 year. The dose of inoculum that achieves 70% colonisation will then be confirmed in phase B, comparing healthy participants exposed to B. pertussis with a control group receiving a sham inoculum. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the ethical committee reference: 17/SC/0006, 24 February 2017. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed open access journals as soon as possible. PMID:29025851

  16. Colonisation of babies and their families by group B streptococci.

    PubMed Central

    Weindling, A M; Hawkins, J M; Coombes, M A; Stringer, J

    1981-01-01

    A high incidence of group B streptococcal disease of the newborn in West Berkshire led to a prospective study of the condition. Cultures taken from 1090 babies shortly after birth showed that 65 (6%) were colonised with the streptococcus. Thirty of these babies were assigned to group 1. Bacteriological samples were taken from babies and mothers at birth and at four, eight, and 12 weeks, and also from fathers and siblings. Fifty uncolonised babies and their families were similarly studied and served as controls (group 2). In group 1,28 of the 30 mothers and 14 of the 28 fathers examined were colonised by group B streptococci. In group 2 the streptococci were isolated from three babies, 12 mothers, and 11 out of 45 fathers during follow-up. These findings suggest that group B streptococci are carried predominantly in the lower gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. Most families are lightly colonised, but in others maternal colonisation is stable and heavy and the incidence of paternal colonisation high. Results of serotyping suggest that sexual transmission occurs, which may explain the difficulty in eradicating the organism during pregnancy. PMID:6799041

  17. 7 CFR 1942.16 - State supplements and guides.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true State supplements and guides. 1942.16 Section 1942.16 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... loan closing or start of construction. ...

  18. 7 CFR 1944.676 - Preapplication procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... include proposed direct and indirect administrative costs, such as personnel, fringe benefits, travel, equipment, supplies, contracts, and other cost categories, detailing those costs for which the grantee...

  19. 7 CFR 1945.2 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... Emergency Management Agency (FEMA); the method for establishing and using Emergency Loan Support Teams (ELST..., religion, sex, national origin, marital status, age, or physical/mental handicap (provided the applicant...

  20. 7 CFR 1955.133 - Nondiscrimination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Nondiscrimination. 1955.133 Section 1955.133 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) PROPERTY MANAGEMENT Disposal of Inventory Property General § 1955.133...

  1. 7 CFR 2.17 - Under Secretary for Rural Development.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... economic, social, and environmental research and analysis, statistical programs, and associated service...; rural population and manpower; local government finance; income development strategies; housing; social... activities. (12) Assist other Federal agencies in formulating manpower development and training policies. (13...

  2. 7 CFR 2.17 - Under Secretary for Rural Development.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... economic, social, and environmental research and analysis, statistical programs, and associated service...; rural population and manpower; local government finance; income development strategies; housing; social... activities. (12) Assist other Federal agencies in formulating manpower development and training policies. (13...

  3. 7 CFR 1962.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) PERSONAL PROPERTY Servicing and Liquidation of Chattel Security § 1962.1 Purpose. This... 103-354) chattel security, Economic Opportunity (EO) loan property, and note only loans. Security...

  4. 7 CFR 1980.411 - Loan purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Business and Industrial Loan Program § 1980.411 Loan purposes. Loans to... improving, developing or financing business, industry and employment and improving the economic and...

  5. 7 CFR 1924.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR Planning and Performing Construction and Other Development § 1924.1 Purpose. This... 103-354 policies, methods, and responsibilities in the planning and performing of construction and...

  6. To establish a loan program to promote energy conservation in rural areas.

    THOMAS, 111th Congress

    Rep. Holden, Tim [D-PA-17

    2010-09-29

    House - 11/16/2010 Referred to the Subcommittee on Rural Development, Biotechnology, Specialty Crops, and Foreign Agriculture. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  7. 7 CFR 1955.64 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true [Reserved] 1955.64 Section 1955.64 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) PROPERTY MANAGEMENT Management of Property § 1955.64 [Reserved] ...

  8. Analysis of Urban-Rural Land-Use Change during 1995-2006 and Its Policy Dimensional Driving Forces in Chongqing, China

    PubMed Central

    Long, Hualou; Wu, Xiuqin; Wang, Wenjie; Dong, Guihua

    2008-01-01

    This paper analyzes the urban-rural land-use change of Chongqing and its policy dimensional driving forces from 1995 to 2006, using high-resolution Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper) data of 1995, 2000 and 2006, and socio-economic data from both research institutes and government departments. The outcomes indicated that urban-rural land-use change in Chongqing can be characterized by two major trends: First, the non-agricultural land increased substantially from 1995 to 2006, thus causing agricultural land especially farmland to decrease continuously. Second, the aggregation index of urban settlements and rural settlements shows that local urban-rural development experienced a process of changing from aggregation (1995-2000) to decentralization (2000-2006). Chongqing is a special area getting immersed in many important policies, which include the establishment of the municipality directly under the Central Government, the building of Three Gorges Dam Project, the Western China Development Program and the Grain-for-Green Programme, and bring about tremendous influences on its land-use change. By analyzing Chongqing's land-use change and its policy driving forces, some implications for its new policy of ‘Urban-rural Integrated Reform’ are obtained. That is more attentions need to be paid to curbing excessive and idle rural housing and consolidating rural construction land, and to laying out a scientific land-use plan for its rural areas taking such rural land-use issues as farmland occupation and rural housing land management into accounts, so as to coordinate and balance the urban-rural development. PMID:27879729

  9. Public and Private Cooperation in Providing Student Housing. ACCCA Management Report, 1986-7/3.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cofer, Berdette H.; Cunningham, W. Dean

    Prospective students interested in attending Columbia College, which is located in a rural area near Sonora, California, have, until recently, faced a lack of available on- and off-campus housing. In 1983, a local developer expressed an interest in building and operating student housing on campus. After determining the feasibility and legality of…

  10. 75 FR 13075 - Notice of Intent To Hold Public Forums To Solicit Feedback From the Public Regarding the Section...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-18

    ... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Rural Housing Service Notice of Intent To Hold Public Forums To Solicit Feedback From the Public Regarding the Section 523 Mutual Self-Help Housing Program; Correction AGENCY... request for comments regarding the Section 523 Mutual Self-Help Housing Program. There has been a change...

  11. 7 CFR Exhibit A to Subpart N of... - Housing Preservation Grant Agreement

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Subpart N of Part 1944 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING.... 1944, Subpt. N, Exh. A Exhibit A to Subpart N of Part 1944—Housing Preservation Grant Agreement This... authorized in subpart N of 7 CFR part 1944. 2. This Agreement shall be effective when executed by both...

  12. National Response Framework: Annexes

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-01-01

    to protect transportation infrastructure from the effects of acts of terrorism , and supports efforts to protect transportation infrastructure from...housing counseling services. Provides enforcement of the Fair Housing Act and compliance with other civil rights statutes. USDA – Rural Development...Provides enforcement of the Fair Housing Act and compliance with other civil rights statutes. Provides Community Development Block Grants to support

  13. The Drug Threat to Teens in Our Rural Communities. Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security, International Affairs, and Criminal Justice of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session (DeKalb, IL, July 7, 1997).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Government Reform and Oversight.

    A House subcommittee hearing held in DeKalb, Illinois, received testimony on drug abuse problems among young people in small towns and rural areas. Personal experiences of drugs and their effects on young people were described in statements from the mother of a victim of drug-related violence, a former drug dealer, a former drug user and gang…

  14. Rural Homeowners Protection Act of 2009

    THOMAS, 111th Congress

    Rep. Clay, Wm. Lacy [D-MO-1

    2009-04-22

    Senate - 07/30/2009 Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Passed HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  15. Rural Student Vocational Program (RSVP) [and] Housing Guide for Parents and Students [and] Work Supervisor's Guide.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rural Student Vocational Program, Wasilla, AK.

    The purpose of the Rural Student Vocational Program (RSVP) is to provide rural high school vocational students with work and other experiences related to their career objective. Students from outlying schools travel to Anchorage, Fairbanks, or Juneau (Alaska) to participate in two weeks of work experience with cooperating agencies and businesses.…

  16. Low-Cost Wood Homes for Rural America - Construction Manual

    Treesearch

    L.O. Andeson

    1969-01-01

    Five home designs are described to meet the need for better housing for low-income rural families. Homes feature theintelligent use of wood and wood products as much as possible, are intended for simple and efficient constructionwith typical building labor availableln rural areas, and `are designed to meet.thegoal of a three-bedroom home with at least 1000 square feet...

  17. Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2007

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-10-10

    economic health of farm and nonfarm households in rural areas. The multiyear, longitudinal data generated by this initiative will support the...programs administered by the Rural Development mission area. The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) conducts the Census of Agriculture and...Architecture and the USDA Enablers initiatives. On May 23, 2006, the House passed H.R. 5384, the Agriculture, Rural Development , Food and Drug

  18. 7 CFR 1956.146 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true [Reserved] 1956.146 Section 1956.146 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Community and Business Programs § 1956.146 [Reserved] ...

  19. 7 CFR 1956.137 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true [Reserved] 1956.137 Section 1956.137 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Community and Business Programs § 1956.137 [Reserved] ...

  20. 7 CFR 1956.144 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true [Reserved] 1956.144 Section 1956.144 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Community and Business Programs § 1956.144 [Reserved] ...

  1. 7 CFR 1956.149 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true [Reserved] 1956.149 Section 1956.149 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Community and Business Programs § 1956.149 [Reserved] ...

  2. 7 CFR 1944.404 - Eligibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... other business management or administrative ventures which indicate an ability to perform responsibility... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Eligibility. 1944.404 Section 1944.404 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE...

  3. 7 CFR 1944.658 - Applicant eligibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... development, repair and rehabilitation, or have other business management or administrative experience which... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Applicant eligibility. 1944.658 Section 1944.658 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...

  4. 7 CFR 3.60 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... FSA, CCC, the Rural Housing Service, the Rural Business-Cooperative Service, the Risk Management... 7 Agriculture 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Applicability. 3.60 Section 3.60 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture DEBT MANAGEMENT Administrative Reviews for Administrative Offset...

  5. 75 FR 13074 - Notice of Request for Extension of a Currently Approved Information Collection

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-18

    ... collection. Abstract: The Rural Housing Service (RHS) is authorized under Section 517(d) of Title V of the... or construct a single family residence in a rural area with loans made by private lenders...

  6. 7 CFR 1944.683 - Reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... analyze the effectiveness of the program. As part of the grantee's preapplication submission, as required..., including its method of evaluation to determine its effectiveness. Accordingly, the report must include, but...

  7. 7 CFR 1951.703 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Policy. 1951.703 Section 1951.703 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... Financial Assistance Was Received-Community and Insured Business Programs. § 1951.703 Policy. When...

  8. 7 CFR 1955.102 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Policy. 1955.102 Section 1955.102 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) PROPERTY MANAGEMENT Disposal of Inventory Property § 1955.102 Policy. The terms...

  9. 7 CFR 1955.52 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Policy. 1955.52 Section 1955.52 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) PROPERTY MANAGEMENT Management of Property § 1955.52 Policy. Inventory and custodial...

  10. 7 CFR 1925.3 - Servicing taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... the Government's security interests. Any unusual situations that may arise with respect to tax... through routine servicing of loans by emphasizing the advantages of setting aside sufficient income to...

  11. 7 CFR 1900.53 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Applicability. 1900.53 Section 1900.53 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... GENERAL Adverse Decisions and Administrative Appeals § 1900.53 Applicability. (a) Appeals of adverse...

  12. 7 CFR 1900.52 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false General. 1900.52 Section 1900.52 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... GENERAL Adverse Decisions and Administrative Appeals § 1900.52 General. This subpart specifies procedures...

  13. 7 CFR 1900.101 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... GENERAL Applicability of Federal Law § 1900.101 General. This subpart provides Agency policy concerning: (a) The applicability of Federal rather than State Law in the conduct of Farmers Home Administration...

  14. 7 CFR 1962.2 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) PERSONAL PROPERTY Servicing and Liquidation of Chattel Security § 1962.2 Policy. Chattel security, EO property and note only loans will be serviced to accomplish the loan objectives and...

  15. 7 CFR 1962.5 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true [Reserved] 1962.5 Section 1962.5 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) PERSONAL PROPERTY Servicing and Liquidation of Chattel Security § 1962.5 [Reserved] ...

  16. 7 CFR 1980.420 - Loan guarantee limits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Business and Industrial Loan Program § 1980.420 Loan guarantee... factors involved, including but not limited to: (1) Borrower's management. The borrower's management, and...

  17. 7 CFR 1980.442 - Feasibility studies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... management, nature and extent of market area, marketing plans for sale of projected output, extent of... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Business and Industrial Loan Program § 1980.442 Feasibility...

  18. 7 CFR 1980.402 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... obligations within the ordinary operating cycle of the business. (b) Accounting terms not otherwise defined in... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Business and Industrial Loan Program § 1980.402 Definitions. (a) The following...

  19. 7 CFR 1924.7 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 1924.7 Section 1924.7 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR Planning and Performing Construction and Other Development § 1924.7 [Reserved] ...

  20. 7 CFR 1924.2 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 1924.2 Section 1924.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR Planning and Performing Construction and Other Development § 1924.2 [Reserved] ...

  1. 7 CFR 1980.420 - Loan guarantee limits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Business and Industrial Loan Program § 1980.420 Loan guarantee... lending authority; and (5) Trends and conditions. Current trends and economic conditions. [53 FR 40401...

  2. 7 CFR 1951.216 - Nonprogram (NP) loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) SERVICING AND COLLECTIONS Servicing of Community and Direct Business... 103-354 may use any servicing tool under this subpart necessary to protect the Government's security...

  3. 7 CFR 1951.216 - Nonprogram (NP) loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) SERVICING AND COLLECTIONS Servicing of Community and Direct Business... 103-354 may use any servicing tool under this subpart necessary to protect the Government's security...

  4. 7 CFR 1955.102 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Policy. 1955.102 Section 1955.102 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) PROPERTY MANAGEMENT Disposal of Inventory Property § 1955.102 Policy. The terms...

  5. 7 CFR 1955.81 - Exception authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Exception authority. 1955.81 Section 1955.81 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) PROPERTY MANAGEMENT Management of Property § 1955.81 Exception authority...

  6. Bacterial contamination of stethoscopes on the intensive care unit.

    PubMed

    Whittington, A M; Whitlow, G; Hewson, D; Thomas, C; Brett, S J

    2009-06-01

    We assessed how often bedside stethoscopes in our intensive care unit were cleaned and whether they became colonised with potentially pathogenic bacteria. On two separate days the 12 nurses attending the bedspaces were questioned about frequency of stethoscope cleaning on the unit and the bedside stethoscopes were swabbed before and after cleaning to identify colonising organisms. Twenty-two health care providers entering the unit were asked the same questions and had their personal stethoscopes swabbed. All 32 non-medical staff cleaned their stethoscopes at least every day; however only three out of the 12 medical staff cleaned this often. Out of 24 intensive care unit bedside stethoscopes tested, two diaphragms and five earpieces were colonised with pathogenic bacteria. MRSA cultured from one earpiece persisted after cleaning. Three out of the 22 personal stethoscope diaphragms and five earpieces were colonised with pathogens. After cleaning, two diaphragms and two earpieces were still colonised, demonstrating the importance of regular cleaning.

  7. Two accounts of the colonised "other" in South Asia re-exploring alterity.

    PubMed

    Mukherjee, Soumen

    2010-01-01

    Taking examples from South Asia, this article shows how British colonial knowledge about the non-European "other" hinged substantially on the participation of sections of that other, especially in the context of liminal groups, for whom no ready standardised formula of identification was available. Development of a colonial episteme often involved active intervention from the colonised body, thereby dispelling any strict notion of coloniser-colonised alterity and mere top-down governance. This process of identity construction took place in several arenas and also involved negotiations in courts of law, where rival sections of the amorphous colonised body fought for competing ideals of selfhood. Complementing this legal construction were ethnographic formulations, internally diverse, and often relating to broader politico-intellectual concerns and debates of the Empire, at different planes in different ways. The article explicates their theoretical bases and practical modalities.

  8. SUSTAINABLE HOUSING AT PINE RIDGE RESERVATION

    EPA Science Inventory

    The Pine Ridge Reservation, located in rural South Dakota is plagued with deteriorating infrastructure, poverty, lack of local employment, and high utility bills. Many of the residents, the Oglala Lakota Nation, live in mobile homes or substandard housing and spend nearly 25% of...

  9. 7 CFR 1955.130 - Real estate brokers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... or limited profit buyers, any excess earnest money deposit will be credited to the purchaser's... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... business. (a) Type of listings. The State Director may authorize use of exclusive listings during any...

  10. 7 CFR 1955.130 - Real estate brokers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... or limited profit buyers, any excess earnest money deposit will be credited to the purchaser's... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... business. (a) Type of listings. The State Director may authorize use of exclusive listings during any...

  11. 7 CFR 1955.130 - Real estate brokers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... or limited profit buyers, any excess earnest money deposit will be credited to the purchaser's... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... business. (a) Type of listings. The State Director may authorize use of exclusive listings during any...

  12. 7 CFR 1955.130 - Real estate brokers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... or limited profit buyers, any excess earnest money deposit will be credited to the purchaser's... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... business. (a) Type of listings. The State Director may authorize use of exclusive listings during any...

  13. 7 CFR 1951.152 - Definition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Definition. 1951.152 Section 1951.152 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) SERVICING AND COLLECTIONS Final Payment on Loans § 1951.152 Definition. As used in...

  14. 7 CFR 1956.118 - Approval authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Approval authority. 1956.118 Section 1956.118 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Community and Business Programs § 1956.118...

  15. 7 CFR 1944.254 - Program costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... supplies (including food) necessary to provide services; (iv) Operational costs of a transportation service... development of the application and plan of operations before the effective date of CHSP grant award; (vi...

  16. 7 CFR 1955.52 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) PROPERTY MANAGEMENT Management of Property § 1955.52 Policy. Inventory and custodial... or abandoned chattel property is covered in subpart A of part 1962 of this chapter, and management of...

  17. 7 CFR 1948.61 - State supplements and guides.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true State supplements and guides. 1948.61 Section 1948.61 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... docket; and items required prior to grant closing or construction starts. ...

  18. 7 CFR 1951.2 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... management. When borrowers have acted in good faith and have exercised due diligence in an effort to pay... status, national origin, age, physical or mental handicap (borrower must possess the capacity to enter...

  19. 7 CFR 2018.251 - General statement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false General statement. 2018.251 Section 2018.251 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS GENERAL Availability of Information § 2018.251 General statement. In keeping with the...

  20. 7 CFR 2018.251 - General statement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false General statement. 2018.251 Section 2018.251 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS GENERAL Availability of Information § 2018.251 General statement. In keeping with the...

  1. 7 CFR 2018.251 - General statement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false General statement. 2018.251 Section 2018.251 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS GENERAL Availability of Information § 2018.251 General statement. In keeping with the...

  2. 7 CFR 2018.251 - General statement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false General statement. 2018.251 Section 2018.251 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS GENERAL Availability of Information § 2018.251 General statement. In keeping with the...

  3. 7 CFR 2018.251 - General statement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false General statement. 2018.251 Section 2018.251 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS GENERAL Availability of Information § 2018.251 General statement. In keeping with the...

  4. 7 CFR 1900.51 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions. 1900.51 Section 1900.51 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... GENERAL Adverse Decisions and Administrative Appeals § 1900.51 Definitions. Act means the Federal Crop...

  5. 7 CFR 1900.4 - Ratification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Ratification. 1900.4 Section 1900.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... GENERAL Delegations of Authority § 1900.4 Ratification. All written instruments affecting title to real or...

  6. 7 CFR 1980.301 - Introduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... authorized assistance to RHS employees, members of their families, known close relatives, or business or close personal associates is subject to the provisions of subpart D of part 1900. Applicants for this...

  7. 7 CFR 1956.138 - Processing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Community and Business Programs § 1956.138 Processing... this subpart. (d) Appeal rights. In accordance with Subpart B of Part 1900 of this chapter, the debtor...

  8. 7 CFR 1944.651 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... employees, members of their families, known close relatives, or business or close personal associates, is subject to the provisions of subpart D of part 1900 of this chapter. Applicants for this assistance are...

  9. 7 CFR 1944.413 - Grant approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... right to appeal under subpart B of part 1900 of this chapter. If the applicant requested the... applicant of its appeal rights under subpart B of part 1900 of this chapter. ...

  10. 7 CFR 1942.101 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE..., known close relatives, or business or close personal associates, is subject to the provisions of subpart D of part 1900 of this chapter. Applicants for this assistance are required to identify any known...

  11. 7 CFR 1822.261 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE..., known close relatives, or business or close personal associates, is subject to the provisions of subpart D of part 1900 of this chapter. Applicants for this assistance are required to identify any known...

  12. 7 CFR 1951.207 - State supplements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) SERVICING AND COLLECTIONS Servicing of Community and Direct Business... (available in any FmHA or its successor agency under Public Law 103-354 office) and applicable State laws and...

  13. 7 CFR 1956.100 - OMB control number.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Farm Loan Programs and Multi-Family... been approved by the Office of Management and Budget and assigned OMB control number 0575-0118. Public...

  14. 78 FR 36520 - Rural Development Voucher Program

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-18

    ...- Family Housing Portfolio Management Division, Rural Development, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1400... the process for providing voucher assistance to the eligible impacted families when an owner prepays a... Development Voucher Program, including the eligibility of families, the inspection of the units, and the...

  15. 7 CFR 22.202 - Federal unit responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... devise effective rural development strategies and to bring Federal resources and services to bear toward... members from Agriculture, Health, Education, and Welfare, Housing and Urban Development, Defense, Labor... Councils in rural development activities. The Secretary of Agriculture may utilize the services of the...

  16. 7 CFR 22.202 - Federal unit responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... devise effective rural development strategies and to bring Federal resources and services to bear toward... members from Agriculture, Health, Education, and Welfare, Housing and Urban Development, Defense, Labor... Councils in rural development activities. The Secretary of Agriculture may utilize the services of the...

  17. 7 CFR 22.202 - Federal unit responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... devise effective rural development strategies and to bring Federal resources and services to bear toward... members from Agriculture, Health, Education, and Welfare, Housing and Urban Development, Defense, Labor... Councils in rural development activities. The Secretary of Agriculture may utilize the services of the...

  18. 7 CFR 1924.122 - Exception authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Exception authority. 1924.122 Section 1924.122 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... REGULATIONS CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR Planning and Performing Site Development Work § 1924.122 Exception...

  19. 7 CFR 1924.103 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Scope. 1924.103 Section 1924.103 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR Planning and Performing Site Development Work § 1924.103 Scope. This subpart provides...

  20. 7 CFR 1924.49 - State supplements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false State supplements. 1924.49 Section 1924.49 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... REGULATIONS CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR Planning and Performing Construction and Other Development § 1924.49 State...

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