Seed defective reduction in automotive Electro-Deposition Coating Process of truck cabin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sonthilug, Aekkalag; Chutima, Parames

2018-02-01

The case study company is one of players in Thailand’s Automotive Industry who manufacturing truck and bus for both domestic and international market. This research focuses on a product quality problem about seed defects occurred in the Electro-Deposition Coating Process of truck cabin. The 5-phase of Six Sigma methodology including D-Define, M-Measure, A-Analyze, I-Improve, and C-Control is applied to this research to identify root causes of problem for setting new parameters of each significant factor. After the improvement, seed defects in this process is reduced from 9,178 defects per unit to 876 defects per unit (90% improvement)

Truckers' parking/rest facility study.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-07-01

This study examined the current state of truck parking and rest area facilities in the Northeast Illinois Region to determine if : and how problems from truck parking affect freight transportation infrastructure, safety, and the regions economy an...

Military sexual trauma, combat exposure, and negative urgency as independent predictors of PTSD and subsequent alcohol problems among OEF/OIF veterans.

PubMed

Hahn, Austin M; Tirabassi, Christine K; Simons, Raluca M; Simons, Jeffrey S

2015-11-01

This study tested a path model of relationships between military sexual trauma (MST), combat exposure, negative urgency, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and alcohol use and related problems. The sample consisted of 86 Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veterans who reported drinking at least one alcoholic beverage per week. PTSD mediated the relationships between MST and alcohol-related problems, negative urgency and alcohol-related problems, and combat exposure and alcohol-related problems. In addition, negative urgency had a direct effect on alcohol problems. These results indicate that MST, combat exposure, and negative urgency independently predict PTSD symptoms and PTSD symptoms mediate their relationship with alcohol-related problems. Findings support previous literature on the effect of combat exposure and negative urgency on PTSD and subsequent alcohol-related problems. The current study also contributes to the limited research regarding the relationship between MST, PSTD, and alcohol use and related problems. Clinical interventions aimed at reducing emotional dysregulation and posttraumatic stress symptomology may subsequently improve alcohol-related outcomes. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

Military Sexual Trauma, Combat Exposure, and Negative Urgency as Independent Predictors of PTSD and Subsequent Alcohol Problems among OEF/OIF Veterans

PubMed Central

Tirabassi, Christine K.; Simons, Raluca M.; Simons, Jeffrey S.

2015-01-01

This study tested a path model of relationships between military sexual trauma (MST), combat exposure, negative urgency, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and alcohol use and related problems. The sample consisted of 86 OEF/OIF veterans who reported drinking at least one alcoholic beverage per week. PTSD mediated the relationships between MST and alcohol-related problems, negative urgency and alcohol-related problems, as well as combat exposure and alcohol-related problems. In addition, negative urgency had a direct effect on alcohol problems. These results indicate that MST, combat exposure, and negative urgency independently predict PTSD symptoms and PTSD symptoms mediate their relationship with alcohol-related problems. Findings support previous literature on the effect of combat exposure and negative urgency on PTSD and subsequent alcohol-related problems. The current study also contributes to the limited research regarding the relationship between MST, PSTD, and alcohol use and related problems. Clinical interventions aimed at reducing emotional dysregulation and posttraumatic stress symptomology may subsequently improve alcohol related outcomes. PMID:26524279

The trucker strain monitor: an occupation-specific questionnaire measuring psychological job strain.

PubMed

De Croon, E M; Blonk, R W; Van der Beek, J; Frings-Dresen, M H

2001-08-01

To develop and validate a short and user-friendly questionnaire measuring psychological job strain in truck drivers. In cooperation with an occupational physician in the Dutch road transport industry we developed items on the basis of face validity and information of existing questionnaires on the subject. These items were pilot-tested, by means of interviews, in 15 truck drivers. Study I examined the factorial structure of the initial 30-item trucker strain monitor (TSM) in a sample of 153 truck drivers. Subsequently, number of items per factor was reduced on the basis of reliability analyses (Cronbach's alpha). Study II examined construct and criterion validity of the TSM in a randomly selected group of 2,000 truck drivers, of whom 1,111 participated (adjusted response = 63%). Additionally, sensitivity and specificity were assessed by examining the ability of the TSM to identify truck drivers with or without self-reported sickness absence in the past 12 months because of psychological complaints. Factor analyses of the initial 30-item TSM revealed a two-factor solution. Item reduction resulted in a six-item work-related fatigue scale and four-item sleeping problems scale with high internal consistency. Results of study II confirmed the internal consistency of the TSM scales and provided support for construct and criterion validity. The composite, work-related fatigue, and sleeping problems scale had a sensitivity of 83%, 80% and 71% respectively, in identifying truck drivers with prior sickness absence because of psychological complaints. Specificity rates were 72%, 73% and 72% respectively. Despite methodological limitations, the results suggest that the TSM is a reliable and valid indicator of psychological job strain in truck drivers. In particular, the composite and work-related fatigue scale identified drivers with prior absenteeism because of psychological complaints, quite accurately. Future longitudinal research in specific sub-groups of truck drivers including both self-reported and objective psychological health measures should evidence whether (1) the distinction between two indicators of psychological job strain is useful, and whether (2) the TSM can be used in screening out truck drivers at risk of developing psychological health problems.

Increasing the technical level of mining haul trucks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Voronov, Yuri; Voronov, Artyom; Grishin, Sergey; Bujankin, Alexey

2017-11-01

Theoretical and methodological fundamentals of mining haul trucks optimal design are articulated. Methods based on the systems approach to integrated assessment of truck technical level and methods for optimization of truck parameters depending on performance standards are provided. The results of using these methods are given. The developed method allows not only assessing the truck technical levels but also choosing the most promising models and providing quantitative evaluations of the decisions to be made at the design stage. These areas are closely connected with the problem of improvement in the industrial output quality, which, being a part of the widely spread in Western world "total quality control" ideology, is one of the major issues for the Russian economy.

Automated low-cost and real-time truck parking information system : [research summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-11-01

Overnight truck parking is a significant safety problem nationwide. Commercial drivers : seeking to comply with the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administrations Hours of : Service regulations often park illegally on freeway shoulders and ramps whe...

Operation SHINGLE (Anzio) 22 January-1 February 1944, Offensive, Deliberate Assault, Amphibious

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-05-21

had la’-re diverse supply dumps easily accessible by truck or rail. AS EsU ly de -mands increased’along with allied air attacks, naval --:~-~oac:ore...Planning called -,r the 7-a-tical Air Corps, aided by strategic air assts, t:-’ zcmin enemy airfields prior to D-lay to estrcy c.-=y a: fcrces andi to...00~ ._ --- ?d:-/ ’- CSI BATTLEBOOK / / CS B ATTLEOOK 3-C OPERATION SHINGLE Combat Studies Institute Fort Leaven4qorth, Kansas DTIC EI.% EE--" DE EU

Assessment of truck driver distraction problem and research needs

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-05-01

The issue of driver distraction associated with the use of in-vehicle devices in heavy vehicles was explored through interviews with truck drivers and safety regulators. In order to characterize some of the interface designs and better understand the...

Combined truck routing and driver scheduling problems under hours of service regulations.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-08-20

Regardless of changing variants, hours-of-service (HOS) regulations are intended to help truck drivers ensure get adequate rest and perform safe operations. The new HOS regulations, however, may lead to substantial cost increases for regional common ...

CTPP handbook : an instructional guide to the 1990 census transportation planning package

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-06-01

An analysis effort was undertaken to illustrate the advantages of a geographic information system (GIS)-based crash analysis system. The problem selected was the identification and analysis of high-truck-crash locations, both along designated truck c...

Onsite use of recycled asphalt pavement materials and geocells to reconstruct pavements damaged by heavy trucks.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-07-01

Asphalt pavements deteriorate with traffic (especially heavy trucks) and time. Maintenance and overlaying may solve minor to : medium pavement distress problems. When the condition of a pavement becomes badly deteriorated, reconstruction of the : pav...

Impacts of efficient transportation capacity utilization via multi-product consolidation on transportation network usage and congestion.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-08-06

We study multi-item inventory problems that explicitly account for realistic : transportation cost structures and constraints, including a per-truck capacity and per-truck cost. : We analyze shipment consolidation and coordination policies under thes...

Minimization of municipal solid waste transportation route in West Jakarta using Tabu Search method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chaerul, M.; Mulananda, A. M.

2018-04-01

Indonesia still adopts the concept of collect-haul-dispose for municipal solid waste handling and it leads to the queue of the waste trucks at final disposal site (TPA). The study aims to minimize the total distance of waste transportation system by applying a Transshipment model. In this case, analogous of transshipment point is a compaction facility (SPA). Small capacity of trucks collects the waste from waste temporary collection points (TPS) to the compaction facility which located near the waste generator. After compacted, the waste is transported using big capacity of trucks to the final disposal site which is located far away from city. Problem related with the waste transportation can be solved using Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). In this study, the shortest distance of route from truck pool to TPS, TPS to SPA, and SPA to TPA was determined by using meta-heuristic methods, namely Tabu Search 2 Phases. TPS studied is the container type with total 43 units throughout the West Jakarta City with 38 units of Armroll truck with capacity of 10 m3 each. The result determines the assignment of each truck from the pool to the selected TPS, SPA and TPA with the total minimum distance of 2,675.3 KM. The minimum distance causing the total cost for waste transportation to be spent by the government also becomes minimal.

Effective superelevation for large trucks on sharp curves and steep grades

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-10-01

This project was undertaken to identify the particular problems faced by trucks on sharp curves on steep grades, such as rebuilt switchback curves on mountainous two-lane, two-way roads and the high speed downgrade curves found on West Virginia's lim...

Impact of Cumulative Combat Stress on Learning in an Academic Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shea, Kevin Peter; Fishback, Sarah Jane

2012-01-01

The stress of multiple combat tours has created a combat-tested but combat-weary Army. While most soldiers have coped successfully with combat stress, many return home with problems that include posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, aggressive behavior, insomnia, and reduced memory and concentration skills. Education is…

Why Does Military Combat Experience Adversely Affect Marital Relations?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gimbel, Cynthia; Booth, Alan

1994-01-01

Describes investigation of ways in which combat decreases marital quality and stability. Results support three models: (1) factors propelling men into combat also make them poor marriage material; (2) combat causes problems that increase marital adversity; and (3) combat intensifies premilitary stress and antisocial behavior which then negatively…

Analysis of a combat problem - The turret game

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ardema, M.; Heymann, M.; Rajan, N.

1987-01-01

The turret game is defined and solved to illustrate the nature of games of combat. This game represents a highly simplified version of air combat, yet it is sufficiently complex so as to exhibit a rich variety of combat phenomena. A review of the formulation of delta-combat games is included.

Air-to-air combat analysis - Review of differential-gaming approaches

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ardema, M. D.

1981-01-01

The problem of evaluating the combat performance of fighter/attack aircraft is discussed, and the mathematical nature of the problem is examined. The following approaches to air combat analysis are reviewed: (1) differential-turning differential game and (2) coplanar differential game. Selected numerical examples of these approaches are presented. The relative advantages and disadvantages of each are analyzed, and it is concluded that air combat analysis is an extremely difficult mathematical problem and that no one method of approach is best for all purposes. The paper concludes with a discussion of how the two approaches might be used in a complementary manner.

The Association of Combat Exposure With Postdeployment Behavioral Health Problems Among U.S. Army Enlisted Women Returning From Afghanistan or Iraq.

PubMed

Adams, Rachel Sayko; Nikitin, Ruslan V; Wooten, Nikki R; Williams, Thomas V; Larson, Mary Jo

2016-08-01

An association between combat exposure and postdeployment behavioral health problems has been demonstrated among U.S. military service members returning from Afghanistan or Iraq in predominantly male samples, yet few studies have focused on the experiences of women. Using data from the longitudinal, observational Substance Use and Psychological Injury Combat (SUPIC) Study, we explored the self-report of 4 combat exposure items and postdeployment behavioral health screening results for 42,397 Army enlisted women who had returned from Afghanistan or Iraq from fiscal years 2008 through 2011. We ran multivariate logistic regression models to examine how a constructed composite combat exposure score (0, 1, 2, 3+) was associated with screening positive postdeployment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and at-risk drinking among active duty (AD) and National Guard/Reserve (NG/R) women. AD and NG/R women commonly reported being wounded, injured, assaulted, or hurt (17.3% and 29.0%, respectively). In all 6 multivariate models, Army women with any report of combat exposure had increased odds of the behavioral health problem (i.e., PTSD, depression, or at-risk drinking). The magnitude of the association between combat exposure and PTSD was most striking, indicating increased odds of PTSD as combat exposure score increased. AD and NG/R women with a combat exposure score of 3+ had increased odds of PTSD, 20.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) [17.0, 25.1] and 27.8, 95% CI [21.0, 36.9], respectively. Women who report combat exposure may benefit from early prevention and confidential intervention to promote postdeployment health and reduce long-term behavioral health problems. Copyright © 2016 International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies.

The Association of Combat Exposure With Postdeployment Behavioral Health Problems Among U.S. Army Enlisted Women Returning From Afghanistan or Iraq

PubMed Central

Adams, Rachel Sayko; Nikitin, Ruslan V.; Wooten, Nikki R.; Williams, Thomas V.; Larson, Mary Jo

2016-01-01

An association between combat exposure and postdeployment behavioral health problems has been demonstrated among U.S. military service members returning from Afghanistan or Iraq in predominantly male samples, yet few studies have focused on the experiences of women. Using data from the longitudinal, observational Substance Use and Psychological Injury Combat (SUPIC) study, this study explored the self-report of 4 combat exposure items and postdeployment behavioral health screening results for 42,397 Army enlisted women who returned from Afghanistan or Iraq from fiscal years 2008 through 2011. We ran multivariate logistic regression models to examine how a constructed composite combat exposure score (0, 1, 2, 3+) was associated with screening positive postdeployment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, or at-risk drinking among active duty (AD) and National Guard/Reserve (NG/R) women. AD and NG/R women commonly reported being wounded, injured, assaulted, or hurt (17.3% and 29.0%, respectively). In all 6 multivariate models, Army women with any report of combat exposure had increased odds of the behavioral health problem (i.e., PTSD, depression, or at-risk drinking). The magnitude of the association between combat exposure and PTSD was most striking, indicating increased odds of PTSD as combat exposure score increased. AD and NG/R women with a combat exposure score of 3+ had increased odds of PTSD, 20.7, 95% CI [17.0, 25.1] and 27.8, 95% CI [21.0, 36.9], respectively. Women who reported combat exposure may benefit from early prevention and confidential intervention to promote postdeployment health and reduce long-term behavioral health problems. PMID:27476700

Crash problem definition and safety benefits methodology for stability control for single-unit medium and heavy trucks and large-platform buses

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-10-01

This report presents the findings of a comprehensive engineering analysis of electronic stability control (ESC) and roll stability control (RSC) systems for single-unit medium and heavy trucks and large-platform buses. This report details the applica...

Analysis of Maintenance Service Contracts for Dump Trucks Used in Mining Industry with Simulation Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dymasius, A.; Wangsaputra, R.; Iskandar, B. P.

2016-02-01

A mining company needs high availability of dump trucks used to haul mining materials. As a result, an effective maintenance action is required to keep the dump trucks in a good condition and hence reducing failure and downtime of the dump trucks. To carry out maintenance in-house requires a high intensive maintenance facility and high skilled maintenance specialists. Often, outsourcing maintenance is an economic option for the company. An external agent takes a proactive action with offering some maintenance contract options to the owner. The decision problem for the owner is to decide the best option and for the agent is to determine the optimal price for each option offered. A non-cooperative game-theory is used to formulate the decision problems for the owner and the agent. We consider that failure pattern of each truck follows a non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) and a queueing theory with multiple servers is used to estimate the downtime. As it involves high complexity to model downtime using a queueing theory, then in this paper we use a simulation method. Furthermore, we conduct experiment to seek for the best number of maintenance facilities (servers) which minimises maintenance and penalty costs incurred to the agent.

Developing a model law restricting the transporting of passengers in the cargo areas of pickup trucks.

PubMed

Christoffel, T; Agran, P; Winn, D; Anderson, C; Del Valle, C

2000-01-01

Pickup trucks have become increasingly popular in the United States, accounting for about one in five vehicles involved in fatal motor-vehicle crashes. A critical factor in these deaths is the practice of carrying passengers in truck cargo areas, which are not designed for this purpose. Each year approximately 200 deaths occur to occupants riding in the back of pickup trucks. Over half the states have laws dealing with preventable injury problem, but these laws vary widely and most are too limited to be effective. We have reviewed existing laws, as well as crash injury data, and we have developed and recommend a model bill. The bill focuses on intended use, restricting passengers to only those portions of a vehicle designed for human transport. We have also conducted and report on a survey of legislative sponsors of pickup truck legislation.

A Formal Approach for Milk-Run Transport Logistics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Satoh, Ichiro

A formal approach for specifying and reasoning about earth-friendly logistics management systems is presented. To reduce fossil fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions resulting from transport, we must enhance the transport efficiency of trucks, which play an essential role as carriers in modern logistics services. This paper addresses the milk-run approach. It is one of the most effective and popular solutions to this problem, but it makes it be complicated to implement in a logistics management system. We propose a language for specifying the routes of trucks and an order relation between the requirements of routes and the possible routes of trucks. The former is formulated as process calculus and the latter selects suitable trucks according to their routes.

Technology transfer-transportation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anyos, T.; Lizak, R.; Wilhelm, J.; Hirschberg, K.

1974-01-01

The application of aerospace technology to the solution of urban public transportation problems is considered. Data are given on highway and railway systems with particular attention given to safety devices, fuel economy, and measures for profiling railways and highways. The development of streamlined truck bodies, to reduce air drag, and efficient brake systems for light trucks and other vehicles was also dealt with.

An overload behavior detection system for engineering transport vehicles based on deep learning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Libo; Wu, Gang

2018-04-01

This paper builds an overloaded truck detect system called ITMD to help traffic department automatically identify the engineering transport vehicles (commonly known as `dirt truck') in CCTV and determine whether the truck is overloaded or not. We build the ITMD system based on the Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) model. By constructing the image dataset of the truck and adjusting hyper-parameters of the original SSD neural network, we successfully trained a basic network model which the ITMD system depends on. The basic ITMD system achieves 83.01% mAP on classifying overload/non-overload truck, which is a not bad result. Still, some shortcomings of basic ITMD system have been targeted to enhance: it is easy for the ITMD system to misclassify other similar vehicle as truck. In response to this problem, we optimized the basic ITMD system, which effectively reduced basic model's false recognition rate. The optimized ITMD system achieved 86.18% mAP on the test set, which is better than the 83.01% mAP of the basic ITMD system.

Abductive networks applied to electronic combat

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Montgomery, Gerard J.; Hess, Paul; Hwang, Jong S.

1990-08-01

A practical approach to dealing with combinatorial decision problems and uncertainties associated with electronic combat through the use of networks of high-level functional elements called abductive networks is presented. It describes the application of the Abductory Induction Mechanism (AIMTM) a supervised inductive learning tool for synthesizing polynomial abductive networks to the electronic combat problem domain. From databases of historical expert-generated or simulated combat engagements AIM can often induce compact and robust network models for making effective real-time electronic combat decisions despite significant uncertainties or a combinatorial explosion of possible situations. The feasibility of applying abductive networks to realize advanced combat decision aiding capabilities was demonstrated by applying AIM to a set of electronic combat simulations. The networks synthesized by AIM generated accurate assessments of the intent lethality and overall risk associated with a variety of simulated threats and produced reasonable estimates of the expected effectiveness of a group of electronic countermeasures for a large number of simulated combat scenarios. This paper presents the application of abductive networks to electronic combat summarizes the results of experiments performed using AIM discusses the benefits and limitations of applying abductive networks to electronic combat and indicates why abductive networks can often result in capabilities not attainable using alternative approaches. 1. ELECTRONIC COMBAT. UNCERTAINTY. AND MACHINE LEARNING Electronic combat has become an essential part of the ability to make war and has become increasingly complex since

Neural networks for self-learning control systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nguyen, Derrick H.; Widrow, Bernard

1990-01-01

It is shown how a neural network can learn of its own accord to control a nonlinear dynamic system. An emulator, a multilayered neural network, learns to identify the system's dynamic characteristics. The controller, another multilayered neural network, next learns to control the emulator. The self-trained controller is then used to control the actual dynamic system. The learning process continues as the emulator and controller improve and track the physical process. An example is given to illustrate these ideas. The 'truck backer-upper,' a neural network controller that steers a trailer truck while the truck is backing up to a loading dock, is demonstrated. The controller is able to guide the truck to the dock from almost any initial position. The technique explored should be applicable to a wide variety of nonlinear control problems.

AlliedSignal driver's viewer enhancement (DVE) for paramilitary and commercial applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Emanuel, Michael; Caron, Hubert; Kovacevic, Branislav; Faina-Cherkaoui, Marcela; Wrobel, Leslie; Turcotte, Gilles

1999-07-01

AlliedSignal Driver's Viewer Enhancement (DVE) system is a thermal imager using a 320 X 240 uncooled microbolometer array. This high performance system was initially developed for military combat and tactical wheeled vehicles. It features a very small sensor head remotely mounted from the display, control and processing module. The sensor head has a modular design and is being adapted to various commercial applications such as truck and car-driving aid, using specifically designed low cost optics. Tradeoffs in the system design, system features and test results are discussed in this paper. A short video shows footage of the DVE system while driving at night.

Neutron-based nonintrusive inspection techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gozani, Tsahi

1997-02-01

Non-intrusive inspection of large objects such as trucks, sea-going shipping containers, air cargo containers and pallets is gaining attention as a vital tool in combating terrorism, drug smuggling and other violation of international and national transportation and Customs laws. Neutrons are the preferred probing radiation when material specificity is required, which is most often the case. Great strides have been made in neutron based inspection techniques. Fast and thermal neutrons, whether in steady state or in microsecond, or even nanosecond pulses are being employed to interrogate, at high speeds, for explosives, drugs, chemical agents, and nuclear and many other smuggled materials. Existing neutron techniques will be compared and their current status reported.

Understanding the role of sleep quality and sleep duration in commercial driving safety.

PubMed

Lemke, Michael K; Apostolopoulos, Yorghos; Hege, Adam; Sönmez, Sevil; Wideman, Laurie

2016-12-01

Long-haul truck drivers in the United States suffer disproportionately high injury rates. Sleep is a critical factor in these outcomes, contributing to fatigue and degrading multiple aspects of safety-relevant performance. Both sleep duration and sleep quality are often compromised among truck drivers; however, much of the efforts to combat fatigue focus on sleep duration rather than sleep quality. Thus, the current study has two objectives: (1) to determine the degree to which sleep impacts safety-relevant performance among long-haul truck drivers; and (2) to evaluate workday and non-workday sleep quality and duration as predictors of drivers' safety-relevant performance. A non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed to collect survey and biometric data from 260 long-haul truck drivers. The Trucker Sleep Disorders Survey was developed to assess sleep duration and quality, the impact of sleep on job performance and accident risk, and other relevant work organization characteristics. Descriptive statistics assessed work organization variables, sleep duration and quality, and frequency of engaging in safety-relevant performance while sleepy. Linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate relationships between sleep duration, sleep quality, and work organization variables with safety composite variables. Drivers reported long work hours, with over 70% of drivers working more than 11h daily. Drivers also reported a large number of miles driven per week, with an average of 2,812.61 miles per week, and frequent violations of hours-of-service rules, with 43.8% of drivers "sometimes to always" violating the "14-h rule." Sleep duration was longer, and sleep quality was better, on non-workdays compared on workdays. Drivers frequently operated motor vehicles while sleepy, and sleepiness impacted several aspects of safety-relevant performance. Sleep quality was better associated with driving while sleepy and with job performance and concentration than sleep duration. Sleep duration was better associated with accidents and accident risk than sleep quality. Sleep quality appears to be better associated with safety-relevant performance among long-haul truck drivers than sleep duration. Comprehensive and multilevel efforts are needed to meaningfully address sleep quality among drivers. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Functional Quality Criterion of Rock Handling Mechanization at Open-pit Mines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Voronov, Yuri; Voronov, Artyoni

2017-11-01

Overburden and mining operations at open-pit mines are performed mainly by powerful shovel-truck systems (STSs). One of the main problems of the STSs is a rather low level of their operating quality, mainly due to unjustified over-trucking. In this article, a functional criterion for assessing the qualify of the STS operation at open-pit mines is formulated, derived and analyzed. We introduce the rationale and general principles for the functional criterion formation, its general form, as well as variations for various STS structures: a mixed truck fleet and a homogeneous shovel fleet, a mixed shove! fleet and a homogeneous truck fleet, mixed truck and shovel fleets. The possibility of assessing the quality of the STS operation is of great importance for identifying the main directions for improving their operational performance and operating quality, optimizing the main performance indicators by the qualify criterion, and. as a result, for possible saving of material and technical resources for open-pit mining. Improvement of the quality of the STS operation also allows increasing the mining safety and decreasing the atmosphere pollution - by means of possible reducing of the number of the operating trucks.

Evaluation of the Operational Stress Control and Readiness (OSCAR) Program

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

Responding to Combat Stress Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 4.4. Team Leaders’ View of Stigma Associated with Combat Stress...leaders’ perceptions of OSCAR’s impact on attitudes toward stress response and recovery; unit cohesion and morale; stigma around mental health and...Continuum, a tool for identi- fying combat stress problems of varying severity, and Combat and Operational Stress First Aid (COSFA), a psychological

Short Sea Shipping: Barriers, Incentives and Feasibility of Truck Ferry

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-08-05

STATEMENT A . Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Many problems plague the United States’ transportation infrastructure: congestion...Maritime Administration (MARAD), has begun a program for partial solution to this complex transportation issue. MARAD has established the Marine...the feasibility of a truck ferry that would accomplish both MARAD’s Marine Highway as well as the Department of Defense’s sealift goals. The

Implications of Posttraumatic Stress Among Military-Affiliated and Civilian Students

PubMed Central

Barry, Adam E.; Whiteman, Shawn D.; MacDermid Wadsworth, Shelley M.

2012-01-01

Objectives Determine whether posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS) are associated with problem drinking and alcohol-related consequences, as well as academic correlates among military-affiliated and civilian students. Participants Final sample (n = 248) included 78 combat exposed student service members/veterans, 53 non-combat exposed student service members/veterans, 38 ROTC students, and 79 civilian students. Method Self-report data was collected spring 2011 via a web-based survey measuring PTS, problem drinking, alcohol-related consequences, GPA, educational self-efficacy, academic amotivation and persistence. Results Military students exposed to combat-related trauma reported significantly greater PTS symptoms than other military and civilian groups. PTS symptoms were associated with problem drinking and alcohol-related consequences for all groups, yet unrelated to academic correlates among those exposed to combat-related trauma. Conclusions This study adds to the scant literature base exploring the unique characteristics of student service members/veterans in higher education. PMID:23157198

Implications of posttraumatic stress among military-affiliated and civilian students.

PubMed

Barry, Adam E; Whiteman, Shawn D; MacDermid Wadsworth, Shelley M

2012-01-01

To determine whether posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms are associated with problem drinking and alcohol-related consequences, as well as academic correlates among military-affiliated and civilian students. The final sample (n = 248) included 78 combat-exposed student service members/veterans, 53 non-combat-exposed student service members/ veterans, 38 ROTC (Reserve Officers' Training Corps) students, and 79 civilian students. Self-report data were collected spring 2011 via a Web-based survey measuring PTS, problem drinking, alcohol-related consequences, grade point average, educational self-efficacy, academic amotivation, and persistence. Military students exposed to combat-related trauma reported significantly greater PTS symptoms than other military and civilian groups. PTS symptoms were associated with problem drinking and alcohol-related consequences for all groups, yet unrelated to academic correlates among those exposed to combat-related trauma. This study adds to the scant literature base exploring the unique characteristics of student service members/veterans in higher education.

Efficient dispatching in a terminal city network

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-01-01

This report describes new optimization and simulation tools to address several problems in transportation, specifically driver dispatching and tour formation in full truckload trucking. In this segment of transportation industry, one of the problems ...

Dual loyalties: Everyday ethical problems of registered nurses and physicians in combat zones.

PubMed

Lundberg, Kristina; Kjellström, Sofia; Sandman, Lars

2017-01-01

When healthcare personnel take part in military operations in combat zones, they experience ethical problems related to dual loyalties, that is, when they find themselves torn between expectations of doing caring and military tasks, respectively. This article aims to describe how Swedish healthcare personnel reason concerning everyday ethical problems related to dual loyalties between care and military tasks when undertaking healthcare in combat zones. Abductive qualitative design. Participants and research context: Individual interviews with 15 registered nurses and physicians assigned for a military operation in Mali. Ethical considerations: The participants signed up voluntarily, and requirements for informed consent and confidentiality were met. The research was approved by the Regional Ethics Review Board in Gothenburg (D no. 816-14; 24 November 2014). Three main categories emerged: reasons for not undertaking combat duties, reasons for undertaking combat duties and restricted loyalty to military duties, and 14 subcategories. Reasons for not undertaking combat duties were that it was not in their role, not according to ethical codes or humanitarian law or a breach towards patients. Reasons for undertaking combat duties were that humanitarian law does not apply or has to be treated pragmatically or that it is a case of force protection. Shortage of resources and competence were reasons for both doing and not doing military tasks. Under some circumstances, they could imagine undertaking military tasks: when under threat, if unseen or if not needed for healthcare duties. These discrepant views suggest a lack of a common view on what is ethically acceptable or not, and therefore we suggest further normative discussion on how these everyday ethical problems should be interpreted in the light of humanitarian law and ethical codes of healthcare personnel and following this, further training in ethical reflection before going on military operations.

Crash risk factors for interstate large trucks in North Carolina.

PubMed

Teoh, Eric R; Carter, Daniel L; Smith, Sarah; McCartt, Anne T

2017-09-01

Provide an updated examination of risk factors for large truck involvements in crashes resulting in injury or death. A matched case-control study was conducted in North Carolina of large trucks operated by interstate carriers. Cases were defined as trucks involved in crashes resulting in fatal or non-fatal injury, and one control truck was matched on the basis of location, weekday, time of day, and truck type. The matched-pair odds ratio provided an estimate of the effect of various driver, vehicle, or carrier factors. Out-of-service (OOS) brake violations tripled the risk of crashing; any OOS vehicle defect increased crash risk by 362%. Higher historical crash rates (fatal, injury, or all crashes) of the carrier were associated with increased risk of crashing. Operating on a short-haul exemption increased crash risk by 383%. Antilock braking systems reduced crash risk by 65%. All of these results were statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Other safety technologies also showed estimated benefits, although not statistically significant. With the exception of the finding that short-haul exemption is associated with increased crash risk, results largely bolster what is currently known about large truck crash risk and reinforce current enforcement practices. Results also suggest vehicle safety technologies can be important in lowering crash risk. This means that as safety technology continues to penetrate the fleet, whether from voluntary usage or government mandates, reductions in large truck crashes may be achieved. Practical application: Results imply that increased enforcement and use of crash avoidance technologies can improve the large truck crash problem. Copyright © 2017 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Waste Workers’ Exposure to Airborne Fungal and Bacterial Species in the Truck Cab and During Waste Collection

PubMed Central

Madsen, Anne Mette; Alwan, Taif; Ørberg, Anders; Uhrbrand, Katrine; Jørgensen, Marie Birk

2016-01-01

A large number of people work with garbage collection, and exposure to microorganisms is considered an occupational health problem. However, knowledge on microbial exposure at species level is limited. The aim of the study was to achieve knowledge on waste collectors’ exposure to airborne inhalable fungal and bacterial species during waste collection with focus on the transport of airborne microorganisms into the truck cab. Airborne microorganisms were collected with samplers mounted in the truck cab, on the workers’ clothes, and outdoors. Fungal and bacterial species were quantified and identified. The study showed that the workers were exposed to between 112 and 4.8×104 bacteria m−3 air and 326 and 4.6×104 fungi m−3 air. The personal exposures to bacteria and fungi were significantly higher than the concentrations measured in the truck cabs and in the outdoor references. On average, the fungal and bacterial concentrations in truck cabs were 111 and 7.7 times higher than outdoor reference measurements. In total, 23 fungal and 38 bacterial species were found and identified. Most fungal species belonged to the genus Penicillium and in total 11 Penicillium species were found. Identical fungal species were often found both in a personal sample and in the same person’s truck cab, but concentrations were on average 27 times higher in personal samples. Concentrations of fungal and bacterial species found only in the personal samples were lower than concentrations of species also found in truck cabs. Skin-related bacteria constituted a large fraction of bacterial isolates found in personal and truck cab samples. In total, six Staphylococcus species were found. In outdoor samples, no skin-related bacteria were found. On average, concentrations of bacterial species found both in the truck cab and personal samples were 77 times higher in personal samples than in truck cab samples. In conclusion, high concentrations of fungi were found in truck cabs, but the highest concentrations were found in personal samples; fungal and bacterial species found in high concentrations in personal samples were also found in truck cabs, but in lower concentrations indicating that both fungi and bacteria are transported by the workers into the truck cab, and are subsequently aerosolized in the truck cab. PMID:27098185

[Lift-trucks technological development related to driver's safety and health].

PubMed

Tartara, G

2012-01-01

The counterbalanced lift truck is a machinery characterized by an unusual behaviour. Like a lever, indeed, it is deeply affected by the change of the load condition: sometime, when a small variation of the load takes place, the position of the original load centre of gravity may change a lot. For this reason, an ordinary lapse or a small mistake when driving may lead to a dangerous situation in a so speedy way that the most skilled lift-truck operator too might be surprised. Only the technological development, often incited by binding provisions, can help him. This paper shortly shows the lift-truck evolution related to the driver's safety and health. In spite of our expectations, however, market does not seem to be interested in this development: either because its mind has been took away by other kind of problems, or because a suitable sensitization campaign did not take place.

Vehicle-Routing Optimization for Municipal Solid Waste Collection Using Genetic Algorithm: The Case of Southern Nablus City

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Assaf, Ramiz; Saleh, Yahya

2017-09-01

Municipalities are responsible for solid waste collectiont for environmental, social and economic purposes. Practices of municipalities should be effective and efficient, with the objectives of reducing the total incurred costs in the solid waste collection network concurrently achieving the highest service level. This study aims at finding the best routes of solid waste collection network in Nablus city-Palestine. More specifically, the study seeks the optimal route that minimizes the total travelled distance by the trucks and hence the resulted costs. The current situation is evaluated and the problem is modelled as a Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). The VRP is then optimized via a genetic algorithm. Specifically, compared to the current situation, the trucks total travelled distance was reduced by 66%, whereas the collection time was reduced from 7 hours per truck-trip to 2.3 hours. The findings of this study is useful for all municipality policy makers that are responsible for solid waste collection.

Alcohol Use and Alcohol-Related Problems Before and After Military Combat Deployment

PubMed Central

Jacobson, Isabel G.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.; Hooper, Tomoko I.; Smith, Tyler C.; Amoroso, Paul J.; Boyko, Edward J.; Gackstetter, Gary D.; Wells, Timothy S.; Bell, Nicole S.

2009-01-01

Context High rates of alcohol misuse after deployment have been reported among personnel returning from past conflicts, yet investigations of alcohol misuse after return from the current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan are lacking. Objectives To determine whether deployment with combat exposures was associated with new-onset or continued alcohol consumption, binge drinking, and alcohol-related problems. Design, Setting, and Participants Data were from Millennium Cohort Study participants who completed both a baseline (July 2001 to June 2003; n=77 047) and follow-up (June 2004 to February 2006; n=55 021) questionnaire (follow-up response rate=71.4%). After we applied exclusion criteria, our analyses included 48 481 participants (active duty, n=26 613; Reserve or National Guard, n=21 868). Of these, 5510 deployed with combat exposures, 5661 deployed without combat exposures, and 37 310 did not deploy. Main Outcome Measures New-onset and continued heavy weekly drinking, binge drinking, and alcohol-related problems at follow-up. Results Baseline prevalence of heavy weekly drinking, binge drinking, and alcohol-related problems among Reserve or National Guard personnel who deployed with combat exposures was 9.0%, 53.6%, and 15.2%, respectively; follow-up prevalence was 12.5%, 53.0%, and 11.9%, respectively; and new-onset rates were 8.8%, 25.6%, and 7.1%, respectively. Among active-duty personnel, new-onset rates were 6.0%, 26.6%, and 4.8%, respectively. Reserve and National Guard personnel who deployed and reported combat exposures were significantly more likely to experience new-onset heavy weekly drinking (odds ratio [OR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36–1.96), binge drinking (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.24–1.71), and alcohol-related problems (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.33–2.01) compared with nondeployed personnel. The youngest members of the cohort were at highest risk for all alcohol-related outcomes. Conclusion Reserve and National Guard personnel and younger service members who deploy with reported combat exposures are at increased risk of new-onset heavy weekly drinking, binge drinking, and alcohol-related problems. PMID:18698065

Multi-Agent Coordination Techniques for Naval Tactical Combat Resources Management

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-07-01

resource coordination and cooperation problems. The combat resource allocation planning problem is treated in the companion report [2]. 2.3 Resource...report focuses on the resource coordination problem, while allocation algorithms are discussed in the companion report [2]. First, coordination in...classification of each should be indicated as with the title.) Canada’s Leader in Defence and National Security Science and Technology Chef de file au Canada en

Problems and Alternatives in the Combat Rescue of Navy Aircrewmen

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-11-01

33 Objectives for an Improved Combat Rescue System ................................. 33 Decrease Injury Rate...altitudes as low as 50 feet above ground level. Extremity rest aint systems, constantly being improved, are reducing the number of injuries resulting...These analyses established causal factors associated with the injuries and problems occurring during the ejection-through.survival sequence. Later

Battalion Command in Combat. Forward Edge of Combat Power: A Leadership Analysis of Selected Battalion Commanders in Combat in World War II, Korea and Vietnam with Implications for Future Combat Leaders

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-01

MAK:NG Decision making reers to skills you need to maKoe .-•l:es anc so..I*e problems. Your goal is to make high-quality decisions your soldiers accae ...II. "Auftragstaktik: Tn Its Proper Perspective." Military Review, Vol. LXVI, No. 10, October 1986. Koontz, LTC Ronald D. and Kaplan , Ira T

Developing an Ecological Passport for an Open-Pit Dump Truck to Reduce Negative Effect on Environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koptev, V. Yu; Kopteva, A. V.

2017-05-01

Expanding the open-pit dump truck usage areas and the need to transport more and more minerals results in producing more and more powerful open-pit dump trucks, and this all is about environmental problems and potential health risks for the personnel. Harmful gas concentrations in working areas became threatening enough to have the work in some areas completely halted, until the contents of harmful substances in the air, as well as visibility on the roads, get back to norm. The article represents the new methodology for assessing comparatively the efficiency of modern transportation systems with performance and ecology characteristics taken into account, by developing an ecological passport for machines, facilitating design improvements and reducing pollution during operation.

Real Driving NOx Emissions of European Trucks and Detection of Manipulated Emission Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pöhler, Denis; Adler, Tim; Krufczik, Chsristopher; Horbanski, Martin; Lampel, Johannes; Platt, Ulrich

2017-04-01

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is the most problematic pollutant in Europe and many other countries. NO2 has a negative impact for the health and the environment, and in most European cities the currently allowed mean annual limit of 40μg/m3 is exceeded. Vehicles, especially Diesel, are the most relevant source. They emit NOx (NO + NO2), and NO can also be converted to NO2 in the atmosphere. Thus vehicle NOx emissions are regulated in the EU with the EURO Norm Standard (e.g. EURO 6 since 1.1.2013 for trucks with 400mg/kWh). Trucks achieve these low emissions with complex emission after treatment systems. All EURO 6 trucks and almost all EURO 5 trucks use the SCR system consuming AdBlue to reduce the NOx emissions. Since the diesel emission scandal for cars, it is well known that real driving emissions (RDE) can be several times higher that the EURO Norm Standard. The main problem is that RDE are only randomly investigated. Here we present a study of NOx RDE of more than 250 randomly chosen trucks on German highways. The measurements were performed with a newly developed mobile NOx-ICAD + CO2 -instrument applying the plume chasing measurement principle, where the pollutants are investigated in the emission plume and were converted to emission factors to be compared to the EURO standard. For most trucks the brand, the model name, the country of registration and its EURO class could be determined and used in a statistical analysis. The observed NOx emission data show that typical truck RDE are in the range of the expected EURO Norm or slightly higher. However, almost every fourth truck from Eastern Europe show emissions much higher that the EURO Norm. This was not observed for German trucks. As the emissions increase up to a factor of 5 to 10 these view trucks contribute significantly to the air pollution. These high emissions clearly indicate a defect emission treatment system. Most likely it indicates illegal manipulated emissions systems where the AdBlue injection is blocked (AdBlue emulator) to save money. This study shows that our measurement system can effectively investigate these manipulated vehicles. Further results and consequences of NOx RDE from trucks are presented.

The Problem of Multiple Criteria Selection of the Surface Mining Haul Trucks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bodziony, Przemysław; Kasztelewicz, Zbigniew; Sawicki, Piotr

2016-06-01

Vehicle transport is a dominant type of technological processes in rock mines, and its profit ability is strictly dependent on overall cost of its exploitation, especially on diesel oil consumption. Thus, a rational design of transportation system based on haul trucks should result from thorough analysis of technical and economic issues, including both cost of purchase and its further exploitation, having a crucial impact on the cost of minerals extraction. Moreover, off-highway trucks should be selected with respect to all specific exploitation conditions and even the user's preferences and experience. In this paper a development of universal family of evaluation criteria as well as application of evaluation method for haul truck selection process for a specific exploitation conditions in surface mining have been carried out. The methodology presented in the paper is based on the principles of multiple criteria decision aiding (MCDA) using one of the ranking method, i.e. ELECTRE III. The applied methodology has been allowed for ranking of alternative solution (variants), on the considered set of haul trucks. The result of the research is a universal methodology, and it consequently may be applied in other surface mines with similar exploitation parametres.

Detecting alcohol and illicit drugs in oral fluid samples collected from truck drivers in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

PubMed

Yonamine, Mauricio; Sanches, Livia Rentas; Paranhos, Beatriz Aparecida Passos Bismara; de Almeida, Rafael Menck; Andreuccetti, Gabriel; Leyton, Vilma

2013-01-01

Alcohol and drug use by truck drivers is a current problem in Brazil. Though there is evidence that alcohol consumption is occurring in higher proportions, the use of stimulant drugs to avoid fatigue and to maintain the work schedule has also been reported. The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of alcohol and illicit drug use among truck drivers on São Paulo state roads. São Paulo is the most populous state in Brazil and has the largest industrial park and economic production in the country. Data were assessed not only using a questionnaire but also, and more reliably, through toxicological analysis of oral fluid samples. Between the years 2002 and 2008, 1250 oral fluid samples were collected from truck drivers on the roads during morning hours. The samples were tested for the presence of alcohol, cocaine, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and amphetamine/methamphetamine. A previously published, validated gas chromatographic (gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) method was applied to the samples for alcohol and drug detection. Of the total analyzed samples, 3.1 percent (n = 39) were positive: 1.44 percent (n = 18) were positive for alcohol, 0.64 percent (n = 8) for amphetamines, 0.56 percent (n = 7) for cocaine, and 0.40 percent (n = 5) for THC. In one case, cocaine and THC were detected. The results are indicative of the extent of alcohol and drug use by truck drivers in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. This research provides evidence that not only alcohol but also illicit drug use is a real problem among professional drivers. The use of these substances should be controlled to better promote safe driving conditions on Brazilian roads.

Effects of Particle Filters and Selective Catalytic Reduction on In-Use Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck Emissions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Preble, C.; Cados, T.; Harley, R.; Kirchstetter, T.

2016-12-01

Heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDDT) are a major source of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and black carbon (BC) in urban environments, contributing to persistent ozone and particulate matter air quality problems. Diesel particle filters (DPFs) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems that target PM and NOx emissions, respectively, have recently become standard equipment on new HDDT. DPFs can also be installed on older engines as a retrofit device. Previous work has shown that DPF and SCR systems can reduce NOx and BC emissions by up to 70% and 90%, respectively, compared to modern trucks without these after-treatment controls (Preble et al., ES&T 2015). DPFs can have the undesirable side-effect of increasing ultrafine particle (UFP) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions. While SCR systems can partially mitigate DPF-related NO2 increases, these systems can emit nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. We report new results from a study of HDDT emissions conducted in fall 2015 at the Port of Oakland and Caldecott Tunnel in California's San Francisco Bay Area. We report pollutant emission factors (g kg-1) for emitted NOx, NO2, BC, PM2.5, UFP, and N2O on a truck-by-truck basis. Using a roadside license plate recognition system, we categorize each truck by its engine model year and installed after-treatment controls. From this, we develop emissions profiles for trucks with and without DPF and SCR. We evaluate the effectiveness of these devices as a function of their age to determine whether degradation is an issue. We also compare the emission profiles of trucks traveling at low speeds along a level, arterial road en route to the port and at high speeds up a 4% grade highway approaching the tunnel. Given the climate impacts of BC and N2O, we also examine the global warming potential of emissions from trucks with and without DPF and SCR.

Image processing system for the measurement of timber truck loads

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carvalho, Fernando D.; Correia, Bento A. B.; Davies, Roger; Rodrigues, Fernando C.; Freitas, Jose C. A.

1993-01-01

The paper industry uses wood as its raw material. To know the quantity of wood in the pile of sawn tree trunks, every truck load entering the plant is measured to determine its volume. The objective of this procedure is to know the solid volume of wood stocked in the plant. Weighing the tree trunks has its own problems, due to their high capacity for absorbing water. Image processing techniques were used to evaluate the volume of a truck load of logs of wood. The system is based on a PC equipped with an image processing board using data flow processors. Three cameras allow image acquisition of the sides and rear of the truck. The lateral images contain information about the sectional area of the logs, and the rear image contains information about the length of the logs. The machine vision system and the implemented algorithms are described. The results being obtained with the industrial prototype that is now installed in a paper mill are also presented.

A Method for Increasing the Training Effectiveness of Marine Corps Tactical Exercises: A Pilot Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rocklyn, Eugene H.; And Others

Methods for better utilizing simulated combat systems for training officers are required by the Marine Corps to ensure efficient acquisition of combat decision-making skills. In support of this requirement, a review and analysis of several combat training systems helped to identify a set of major training problems. These included the small number…

"Heroes' invisible wounds of war:" constructions of posttraumatic stress disorder in the text of US federal legislation.

PubMed

Purtle, Jonathan

2016-01-01

Public policies contribute to the social construction of mental health problems. In this study, I use social constructivist theories of policy design and the methodology of ethnographic content analysis to qualitatively explore how posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been constructed as a problem in US federal legislation. I analyzed the text of 166 bills introduced between 1989 and 2009 and found that PTSD has been constructed as a problem unique to combat exposures and military populations. These constructions were produced through combat-related language and imagery (e.g., wounds, war, heroism), narratives describing PTSD as a military-specific phenomenon, and reinforced by the absence of PTSD in trauma-focused legislation targeting civilians. These constructions do not reflect the epidemiology of PTSD-the vast majority of people who develop the disorder have not experienced combat and many non-combat traumas (e.g., sexual assault) carry higher PTSD risk-and might constrain public and political discourse about the disorder and reify sociocultural barriers to the access of mental health services. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Effects of Alcohol Problems, PTSD, and Combat Exposure on Nonphysical and Physical Aggression Among Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans

PubMed Central

Stappenbeck, Cynthia A.; Hellmuth, Julianne C.; Simpson, Tracy; Jakupcak, Matthew

2014-01-01

Aggression among combat veterans is of great concern. Although some studies have found an association between combat exposure and aggressive behavior following deployment, others conclude that aggression is more strongly associated with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and that alcohol misuse may influence this association. Many of these studies have assessed aggression as a single construct, whereas the current study explored both nonphysical aggression only and physical aggression in a sample of Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans (N = 337; 91% male). We found that alcohol problems interacted with PTSD symptom severity to predict nonphysical aggression only. At low levels of PTSD symptoms, veterans with alcohol problems were more likely to perpetrate nonphysical aggression only, as compared with no aggression, than veterans without an alcohol problem. There was no difference in the likelihood of nonphysical aggression only between those with and without alcohol problems at high levels of PTSD symptoms. The likelihood of nonphysical aggression only, as compared with no aggression, was also greater among younger veterans. Greater combat exposure and PTSD symptom severity were associated with an increased likelihood of perpetrating physical aggression, as compared with no aggression. Ethnic minority status and younger age were also associated with physical aggression, as compared with no aggression. Findings suggest that a more detailed assessment of veterans’ aggressive behavior, as well as their alcohol problems and PTSD symptoms, by researchers and clinicians is needed in order to determine how best to intervene. PMID:25225593

597 Days: A Division’s Morale During Sustained Combat

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-22

Republic (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1948), 35. 20 David H. Marlowe , Psychological and Psychosocial Consequences of Combat and Deployment...Marshall, Men Against Fire: The problem of Battle Command, 138; Marlowe , Psychological and Psychosocial Consequences of Combat and Deployment, 51; Vessey...ret), interview. 25 Dave Grossman, On Killing (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1995), 90, 143. 26 Marlowe , Psychological and Psychosocial

The Australian Vietnam Veterans Health Study: II. self-reported health of veterans compared with the Australian population.

PubMed

O'Toole, B I; Marshall, R P; Grayson, D A; Schureck, R J; Dobson, M; Ffrench, M; Pulvertaft, B; Meldrum, L; Bolton, J; Vennard, J

1996-04-01

Self-reported physical health status of Australian Vietnam veterans was determined 20-25 years after the war and its relation to combat was investigated. An epidemiological cohort study of a simple random sample of Army veterans posted to Vietnam between 1964 and 1972 was conducted with personal interviews using the Australian Bureau of Statistics Health Interview Survey questionnaire to compare veterans with the Australian population and a 21-item combat exposure index used to measure the relationship of combat to physical health. Veterans reported greater health service usage and more recent health actions than population expectations. They also reported excess health problems in almost all recent illness disease categories except endocrine conditions and cardiovascular conditions; only 6 of 37 chronic disease groups were not elevated compared to the population. Adjustment for non-response changed estimates only slightly. Combat exposure was significantly related to reports of recent and chronic mental disorders, recent hernia and chronic ulcer, recent eczema and chronic rash, deafness, chronic infective and parasitic disease, chronic back disorders and symptoms, signs and ill-defined conditions. Combat exposure may have significantly increased reports of only some health problems. A general position to complain as a result of psychological conditions due to combat is not consistent with the lack of relationship between combat and reports of physical conditions.

Developing close combat behaviors for simulated soldiers using genetic programming techniques.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pryor, Richard J.; Schaller, Mark J.

2003-10-01

Genetic programming is a powerful methodology for automatically producing solutions to problems in a variety of domains. It has been used successfully to develop behaviors for RoboCup soccer players and simple combat agents. We will attempt to use genetic programming to solve a problem in the domain of strategic combat, keeping in mind the end goal of developing sophisticated behaviors for compound defense and infiltration. The simplified problem at hand is that of two armed agents in a small room, containing obstacles, fighting against each other for survival. The base case and three changes are considered: a memory of positionsmore » using stacks, context-dependent genetic programming, and strongly typed genetic programming. Our work demonstrates slight improvements from the first two techniques, and no significant improvement from the last.« less

Presenting a conceptual pattern of HSE performance of oil trucks.

PubMed

Ghaleh, Sahar; Omidvari, Manouchehr; Nassiri, Parvin; Momeni, Mansour; Lavasani, Seyed Mohammadreza Miri

2018-01-25

Accidents are among the main problems in the oil product supply chain. The most important effective factors in these events are the kind of trucks used and their health, safety, and environment (HSE) condition. The aim of this study was to present a conceptual pattern of the HSE performance of oil trucks in oil industries. In this study, 20 truck models (with fixed tanks), in use over different periods of time, were investigated. In this regard, the criteria and sub-criteria were first determined in two parts-carrier and tank-and weighted by fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP). The results showed that the most important sub-criteria regarding the HSE factors of the carrier were resistance and strength of the front and rear shields, the brake system, and the ventilation system. The most important sub-criteria regarding the HSE factors of the tank were tank shell thickness and a good tank design shape with respect to portable material. It should be noted that the weight of the criteria with each other and sub-criteria with each other are not equal. This issue is important for decision-making. The main reason for the use of trucks with the lowest score in developing countries is the lack of attention by managers to safety issues and international standards and agreements such as the ADR.

Insomnia is associated with road accidents. Further evidence from a study on truck drivers.

PubMed

Garbarino, Sergio; Magnavita, Nicola; Guglielmi, Ottavia; Maestri, Michelangelo; Dini, Guglielmo; Bersi, Francesca Maria; Toletone, Alessandra; Chiorri, Carlo; Durando, Paolo

2017-01-01

Sleep-related problems are known risk factors for road accidents. However, very few studies have investigated the role played by insomnia and its components, and no data are available for a population of occupational drivers at risk, such as the truck driver category. To measure the prevalence and impact of insomnia on motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) and near-miss accidents (NMAs) in 949 truck drivers. Cross-sectional survey. Insomnia affected 27.5% of the sample. Compared to other drivers, in the 3 years prior to the study, truck drivers with insomnia had reported a significantly higher number of MVAs; they had also reported a greater number of NMAs in the previous 6 months. After correction for the presence of obstructive sleep apnea, excessive daytime sleepiness, short sleep duration, and other concurrent diseases, insomniac truck drivers had an almost two-fold risk of driving accidents (OR: 1.82, CI 95%:1.33-2.49) and a more than three-fold increased risk of near-miss accidents (OR: 3.35, CI95%:2.06-5.45) compared to non-insomniac drivers. Insomnia emerged as an independent risk factor for MVAs and NMAs. We strongly advise screening commercial drivers for signs and symptoms of insomnia in order to improve health and safety on the road.

Childhood trauma, combat trauma, and substance use in National Guard and reserve soldiers.

PubMed

Vest, Bonnie M; Hoopsick, Rachel A; Homish, D Lynn; Daws, Rachel C; Homish, Gregory G

2018-02-27

The goal of this work was to examine associations among childhood trauma, combat trauma, and substance use (alcohol problems, frequent heavy drinking [FHD], current cigarette smoking, and current/lifetime drug use) and the interaction effects of childhood trauma and combat exposure on those associations among National Guard/reserve soldiers. Participants (N = 248) completed an electronic survey asking questions about their military experiences, physical and mental health, and substance use. Childhood trauma and combat exposure were examined jointly in regression models, controlling for age, marital satisfaction, and number of deployments. Childhood trauma was associated with current drug use (trend level, odds ratio [OR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97, 2.14; P = .072) in the main effect model; however, there was not a significant interaction with combat. Combat exposure had a significant interaction with childhood trauma on alcohol problems (b = -0.56, 95% CI: -1.12, -0.01; P = .048), FHD (b = -0.27, 95% CI: -0.47, -0.08; P = .007), and lifetime drug use (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.04; P = .035). There were no associations with either of the trauma measures and current cigarette smoking. These results demonstrate that childhood and combat trauma have differential effects on alcohol use, such that combat trauma may not add to the effect on alcohol use in those with greater child maltreatment but may contribute to greater alcohol use among those with low child maltreatment. As expected, childhood and combat trauma had synergistic effects on lifetime drug use. Screening for multiple types of trauma prior to enlistment and/or deployment may help to identify at-risk individuals and allow time for early intervention to prevent future adverse outcomes.

Effects of Combat Deployment on Risky and Self-Destructive Behavior Among Active Duty Military Personnel

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

Research has docu- mented increases in psychological problems among personnel returning from combat deployment. Although most studies have focused on...1995; Hoge et al., 2004). Compar- atively less attention has been paid to potential effects of deploy- ment on other psychological and behavioral health...Zuckerman, 2007). There are several mechanisms by which combat deployment might increase risky behavior. Joiner’s (2005) interpersonal- psychological

From Beirut to Khobar Towers: Improving the Combating Terrorism Program

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-04-01

of Defense’s Force Protection problems ? Hadn’t we learned our “lessons” following the catastrophic loss of 241 Marines in the 1983 Beirut bombing...and formulated 79 recommendations to improve DOD efforts to combat terrorism. In response to the Task Force’s report, US Air Force leadership directed...Prince Sultan Air Base, Saudi Arabia, would resolve several security vulnerabilities, but this action would create additional problems because US assets

Combating the drug-impaired driver : a prescription for safer highways.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-01-01

In recent years, the Commonwealth of Virginia has increased its efforts to improve highway safety by combating the problems created by drunken drivers. However, law enforcement officials still face major obstacles in their efforts to detect and prose...

Why ceramic engines?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stadler, H. L.

1984-01-01

Oil is still a problem for the U.S. and its allies. Transportation uses 61 percent of U.S. oil and its share is increasing, so more efficient technology should be concentrated there. Trucks' share of oil use is increasing because they are already much more efficient than autos. The primary truck opportunities are streamlining, more efficient engines, and shifting freight to railroads. More efficient engines are possible using ceramics to allow elimination of cooling systems and better use of waste exhaust heat. A 60 percent improvement seems possible if ceramics can be made tough enough and durable enough.

Impacts of Aging Emission Control Systems on In-Use Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck Emission Rates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Preble, C.; Cados, T.; Harley, R.; Kirchstetter, T.

2017-12-01

Heavy-duty diesel trucks are a major source of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and black carbon (BC) in urban environments, contributing to persistent ozone and particulate matter air quality problems. Recently, diesel particle filter (DPF) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) emission control systems have become standard equipment on new trucks. Particle filters can also be installed as a retrofit on older engines. Prior work has shown that exhaust filters and SCR systems effectively reduce BC and NOx emission rates by up to 90 and 80%, respectively (Preble et al., ES&T 2015). There is concern, however, that DPFs may promote the formation of ultrafine particles (UFP) and increase tailpipe emissions of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Additionally, urea-based SCR systems for NOx control may form nitrous oxide (N2O), an important contributor to stratospheric ozone depletion. The effectiveness of these emission controls has been thoroughly evaluated in the laboratory, but the long-term durability of in-use systems and their impacts on co-emitted species have not been well characterized. To evaluate the in-use performance of DPF and SCR systems, pollutant emissions from thousands of diesel trucks were measured over several years at the Port of Oakland and the Caldecott Tunnel in the San Francisco Bay Area. Pollutants present in the exhaust plumes of individual trucks were measured at high time resolution (≥1 Hz) as trucks passed under a mobile lab stationed on an overpass. Fuel-based emission factors (g pollutant emitted per kg fuel burned) were calculated for individual trucks and linked via recorded license plates to vehicle attributes, including engine model year and installed emission control systems. Use of DPFs reduced the BC emission rate by up to 95% at both locations. SCR systems were more effective at reducing NOx emissions under the uphill, highway driving conditions at the Caldecott Tunnel. The emission rates of co-emitted species NO2, UFP, and N2O depended on driving mode. Some DPFs on trucks with 2007-2009 model year engines showed deterioration or failure in filter performance, leading to higher BC emission rates compared to the average for trucks without filters. Emission inventories may underestimate total on-road emissions from diesel trucks, especially if particle filter failure rates continue to increase over time.

Spectrum and impact of health problems during deployment: a prospective, multicenter study of French soldiers operating in Afghanistan, Lebanon and Côte d'Ivoire.

PubMed

Aoun, Olivier; Roqueplo, Cédric; Rapp, Christophe

2014-01-01

More than 15 000 French soldiers are continuously deployed abroad. Along with combat-related injuries, they are exposed to non-combat-related diseases with an underestimated burden. Our objectives were to assess the incidence and impact of health problems on their operating capacity. A prospective multicenter study was conducted over more than three months in Lebanon, Côte d'Ivoire and Afghanistan including exclusively French soldiers. We collected 4349 consultations (Afghanistan {n = 719}, Lebanon {n = 1401} and Côte d'Ivoire {n = 2229}) encompassing 4600 health problems. Injuries (21%), diarrhea (19%), dermatoses (17.5%) and respiratory tract infections (10.45%) were the most frequent health issues. Infectious diseases represented 41% of all health problems. Almost nine out of ten patients were managed as outpatients. Ten combat-related deaths were observed. We reported 68 (1.5%) medical repatriations of which 28 and 26 were psychiatric and trauma cases respectively. Partial or complete incapacity was estimated 724 days/1000 men/month. Etiological spectrum was similar in all three countries however, the incidence of diarrhea (p < 0.05) as well as inpatient management and medical evacuation rates were higher (p < 0.0001) in Afghanistan. There was a wide spectrum of health problems occurring during military deployments with a predominance of common infections. Non-combat-related pathology represented an important burden for the loss of operating capacity. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

To Determine the Impact of OPMS on the Development of Commanders.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-04-19

and training policies are designed to promote the development of leadership , managerial, and technical skills.5 In spite of the foregoing, there is...corps into commanders and staff, with the in- evitable consequence of each group convinced the other does not under- stand its problems . Further, the...developing leadership skills needed to effec- tively command troops* Caterory Label Combat Arms Combat Support Combat Svc Spt Strongly agree/agree 65% 58

Optimization of Turkish Air Force SAR Units Forward Deployment Points for a Central Based SAR Force Structure

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-26

Turkish Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW& C ) aircraft in the combat arena. He examines three combat scenarios Turkey might encounter to cover and...to limited SAR assets, constrained budgets, logistic- maintenance problems, and high risk level of military flights. In recent years, the Turkish Air...model, Set Covering Location Problem (SCLP), defines the minimum number of SAR DPs to cover all fighter aircraft training areas (TAs). The second

The mental health of UK ex-servicemen with a combat-related or a non-combat-related visual impairment: does the cause of visual impairment matter?

PubMed

Stevelink, Sharon A M; Malcolm, Estelle M; Gill, Pashyca C; Fear, Nicola T

2015-08-01

Since the start of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, the numbers of young service personnel who have sustained a combat-related visual impairment have increased. This cross-sectional study examined the mental well-being of ex-servicemen (aged 22-55 years) with a visual impairment and determined if the mental health of those with a combat-related visual impairment differed from those whose visual impairment is not combat-related. Male ex-service personnel with a visual impairment completed a telephone interview assessing the presence of depressive symptomatology, probable anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology and alcohol misuse. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. 77 participants were included in the study, reflecting a response rate of 76.2%. Of those with complete data (n=74), 20 ex-servicemen had a combat-related visual impairment. Among ex-service personnel with a combat-related visual impairment, 10.0% (95% CI 0 to 23.2) screened positive for a probable depression, 25.0% (95% CI 6.0 to 44.0) for probable anxiety and 10.0% (95% CI 0 to 23.2) for probable PTSD. The prevalence of probable depression and probable PTSD differed among those with a non-combat-related visual impairment, namely 18.5% (95% CI 8.1 to 28.9) and 16.7% (95% CI 6.8 to 26.7), respectively. Probable anxiety was 18.5% (95% CI 8.1 to 28.9) among non-combat-related visually impaired ex-service personnel. 45.0% (95% CI 23.2 to 66.8) of combat-related visually impaired personnel reported hazardous drinking, compared with 20.4% (95% CI 9.7 to 31.2) of those with a non-combat-related visual impairment. Mental health problems were prevalent among visually impaired younger ex-servicemen. No statistically significant differences were found in the prevalence of mental health problems among ex-servicemen with a combat-related visual impairment compared with those with a non-combat-related visual impairment. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Associations of coping processes with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in national guard/reserve service members deployed during the OEF-OIF era.

PubMed

Rodrigues, Camila S; Renshaw, Keith D

2010-10-01

Studies have identified coping processes as one potential factor influencing PTSD in veterans. This study examined the associations between coping, combat exposure, and PTSD among 218 National Guard veterans deployed overseas since 2001. Problem-focused coping was unrelated to combat exposure and PTSD symptoms. In contrast, increased levels of emotion focused coping (EFC) were found in veterans who reported higher levels of combat exposure. Moreover, the severity of combat was a curvilinear moderator of the relation between coping process and PTSD, such that EFC was unrelated to PTSD symptom severity at low levels of combat, associated with higher symptom severity at moderate levels of combat, and associated with lower symptom severity at high levels of combat. These findings indicate that the type and severity of trauma may moderate the association of coping and psychological outcomes, and that these associations might not be linear. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

On the coherency of dynamic load estimates for vehicles on flexible structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mitra, Mainak; Gordon, Timothy

2014-05-01

This paper develops a novel form of a well-known signal processing technique, so as to be applicable to the interaction between a heavy truck and a supporting bridge structure. Motivated by the problem of structural health monitoring of bridges, a new modal coherency function is defined. This relates the input action of moving wheel loads to the dynamic response of the bridge, including the effects of unevenness of the road surface and the vertical dynamics of the truck suspension. The analysis here is specifically aimed at future experimental testing - the validation of axle load estimators obtained from sensors on the truck. It is applicable even when no independent 'ground truth' for the dynamic loads is available. The approach can be more widely used in the analysis of dynamic interactions involving suspended moving loads on deformable structures, e.g. for structural vibrations due to high-speed trains.

Enhancing US-Japan Cooperation to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

The Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) is aimed at preventing, detecting, and responding to infectious disease threats. To move toward these goals, the United States has committed to partner with at least 30 countries around the world. One of the objectives of the GHSA includes “[p]reventing the emergence and spread of antimicrobial drug resistant organisms.” Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a growing global health security problem, with inappropriate use of antimicrobial medications in humans and animals and a lack of new antimicrobial medications contributing to this problem. While AMR is a growing global concern, working on it regionally can make this multifaceted problem more manageable. The United States and Japan, both world leaders in the life sciences, are close allies that have established cooperative programs in medical research and global health that can be used to work on combating AMR and advance the GHSA. Although the United States and Japan have cooperated on health issues in the past, their cooperation on the growing problem of AMR has been limited. Their existing networks, cooperative programs, and close relationships can and should be used to work on combating this expanding problem. PMID:25470465

U.S. Service Member Deployment in Response to the Ebola Crisis: The Psychological Perspective.

PubMed

Sipos, Maurice L; Kim, Paul Y; Thomas, Stephen J; Adler, Amy B

2018-03-01

In the fall of 2014, the United States and other nations responded to the worst outbreak of the Ebola virus disease in history. As part of this effort, U.S. service members deployed to West Africa to support a spectrum of activities that did not involve direct patient care. Although previous studies identified the psychological impact of responding to an outbreak, these studies were limited to retrospective data, small sample sizes, and medical personnel. The goals of the present study were to (a) document the mental health and well-being of troops deploying in response to an infectious disease outbreak; (b) identify their stressors, attitudes toward deployment, and health risk concerns; and (c) understand the role of combat experience in adjusting to these types of missions. Study participants at both pre- and during deployment were active duty U.S. soldiers in a combat aviation battalion from a large U.S. military installation. U.S. soldiers were surveyed (n = 251) 3 wk before deploying to Liberia (October 2014) and surveyed again during their deployment (February 2015; n = 173). Participants were primarily male (86.1%), junior ranking (56.0%), and just over half had previous combat deployment experience (51.2%). Surveys were anonymous and not linked to one another over time. Overall rates of mental health problems were low (2.4% at pre-deployment and 5.8% during deployment), whereas sleep problems were reported by 4.9% at pre-deployment and 12% during deployment. At pre-deployment, top stressors focused on health threats; fewer stressors were reported during deployment. Soldiers were relatively less concerned about contracting Ebola than other more prevalent diseases. Soldiers with combat experience reported more somatic and sleep problems at pre-deployment than those without previous combat experience. There were no significant differences during deployment between those with and without previous combat experience. Overall, a small proportion of respondents reported significant rates of mental health problems. In contrast, sleep problems were reported by 12% during deployment. In terms of attitudes toward the mission, the vast majority reported that they knew what to do to protect themselves from disease and that they understood the potential risk involved. The study also confirmed previous findings that soldiers with previous combat experience had more somatic symptoms at pre-deployment than those without, although this distinction appeared limited to the pre-deployment phase. Results can be used to address anxiety by personnel during pre-deployment and to inform leadership preparing personnel to deploy in response to future infectious disease outbreaks.

Prospective Assessment of Neurocognition in Future Gulf-Deployed and Gulf-Nondeployed Military Personnel: A Pilot Study

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-02-01

CW, Castro CA, Messer SC, McGurk D, Cotting DI, Koffman RL : Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan: mental health problems and barriers to care. N Eng...JA, Hough RL , Jordan BK, Marmar CR, et al. Trauma and the Vietnam war generation: Report of findings from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment...Castro CA, Messer SC, McGurk D, Cotting DI, Koffman RL . Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. N Engl J Med

The anaesthesia of fish by high carbon-dioxide concentrations

USGS Publications Warehouse

1942-01-01

A practical and economical method for anaesthetizing adult salmon and steelhead trout in the fish trucks used in the Grand Coulee fish salvage program is described. The method consists in generating a predetermined carbon-dioxide concentration in the 1000-gallon tanks of the trucks through the successive addition of predissolved sodium bicarbonate and dilute sulphuric acid in proper quantities. Carbon-dioxide anaesthesia effectively solved the acute problem of species segregation in the fish salvage program and, with minor modifications, could be used with equal success in certain hatchery operations necessitating the handling of large fish.

Implications of Posttraumatic Stress among Military-Affiliated and Civilian Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barry, Adam E.; Whiteman, Shawn D.; MacDermid Wadsworth, Shelley M.

2012-01-01

Objectives: To determine whether posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms are associated with problem drinking and alcohol-related consequences, as well as academic correlates among military-affiliated and civilian students. Participants: The final sample (n = 248) included 78 combat-exposed student service members/veterans, 53 non-combat-exposed…

Combatives for Alienated Youth: Problems and Prospects.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hellison, Don

Combative activities (boxing, wrestling, kung fu, etc.) are seen as having a positive influence on alienated inner city youth. Potential contributions of such activities in a school curriculum or recreation program include involvement, security, self-concept, and self-realization. Participants may be able to free themselves from such stereotype…

A Review of Combat Support Training.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Montague, Ernest K.; Showel, Morris

This report presents a review of current training practices and problems as they relate to the broad spread of individual ability among soldiers, and to the increasing need for functionalization of training. Combat support training was observed at four army training centers, with particular reference to training objectives, methods, and student…

Discussion paper on possible actions to combat substandard shipping by involving players other than the shipowner in the shipping market

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-07-09

While there is no single solution to prevent the operation of substandard vessels, there is certainly a sufficient number of international rules and regulations available to combat the phenomenon. The real problem lies with ensuring adherence to thes...

Three-Dimensional Path Planning for Uninhabited Combat Aerial Vehicle Based on Predator-Prey Pigeon-Inspired Optimization in Dynamic Environment.

PubMed

Zhang, Bo; Duan, Haibin

2017-01-01

Three-dimension path planning of uninhabited combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) is a complicated optimal problem, which mainly focused on optimizing the flight route considering the different types of constrains under complex combating environment. A novel predator-prey pigeon-inspired optimization (PPPIO) is proposed to solve the UCAV three-dimension path planning problem in dynamic environment. Pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO) is a new bio-inspired optimization algorithm. In this algorithm, map and compass operator model and landmark operator model are used to search the best result of a function. The prey-predator concept is adopted to improve global best properties and enhance the convergence speed. The characteristics of the optimal path are presented in the form of a cost function. The comparative simulation results show that our proposed PPPIO algorithm is more efficient than the basic PIO, particle swarm optimization (PSO), and different evolution (DE) in solving UCAV three-dimensional path planning problems.

Commercial motor vehicle speed control devices

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

This report reviews the problem of heavy vehicle speeding (in particular, speeding at greater than 65 mph) : and speeding-related crash involvements. The report describes and assesses devices available to control : truck speed, and addresses the ques...

Essential Power Systems Workshop - OEM Perspective

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bill Gouse

2001-12-12

In California, idling is largely done for climate control. This suggests that climate control devices alone could be used to reduce idling. Line-haul truck drivers surveyed require an average of 4-6 kW of power for a stereo, CB radio, light, refrigerator, and climate control found in the average truck. More power may likely be necessary for peak power demands. The amount of time line-haul trucks reported to have stopped is between 25 and 30 hours per week. It was not possible to accurately determine from the pilot survey the location, purpose, and duration of idling. Consulting driver logs or electronicallymore » monitoring trucks could yield more accurate data, including seasonal and geographic differences. Truck drivers were receptive to idling alternatives. Two-thirds of truck drivers surveyed support a program to reduce idling. Two-thirds of drivers reported they would purchase idling reduction technologies if the technology yielded a payback period of two years or less. Willingness to purchase auxiliary power units appears to be higher for owner-operators than for company drivers. With a 2-year payback period, 82% of owner- operators would be willing to buy an idle- reducing device, while 63% of company drivers thought their company would do the same. Contact with companies is necessary to discern whether this difference between owner- operators and companies is true or simply due to the perception of the company drivers. Truck stops appear to be a much more attractive option for electrification than rest areas by a 48% to 21% margin. Much of this discrepancy may be due to perceived safety problems with rest areas. This survey did not properly differentiate between using these areas for breaks or overnight. The next, full survey will quantify where the truck drivers are staying overnight, where they go for breaks, and the duration of time they spend at each place. The nationwide survey, which is in progress, will indicate how applicable the results are to the US in general. In addition to the survey, we believe data loggers and focus groups will be necessary to collect the idling duration and location data necessary to compare auxiliary power units to truck stop electrification. Focus groups are recommended to better understand the driver response to APUs and electrification. The appearance and perception of the new systems will need further clarification, which could be accomplished with a demonstration for truck drivers.« less

Military Combat Deployments and Substance Use: Review and Future Directions

PubMed Central

LARSON, MARY JO; WOOTEN, NIKKI R.; ADAMS, RACHEL SAYKO; MERRICK, ELIZABETH L.

2012-01-01

Iraq and Afghanistan veterans experience extreme stressors and injuries during deployments, witnessing and participating in traumatic events. The military has organized prevention and treatment programs as a result of increasing suicides and posttraumatic stress disorder among troops; however, there is limited research on how to intervene with alcohol misuse and drug use that accompany these problems. This review presents statistics about post-deployment substance use problems and comorbidities, and discusses the military’s dual role in 1) enforcing troop readiness with its alcohol and drug policies and resiliency-building programs, and 2) seeking to provide treatment to troops with combat-acquired problems including substance abuse. PMID:22496626

Polymer modified hot mix asphalt field trial.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

A problem plaguing HMA pavements is rutting, which develops because of the high summer temperatures and heavy trucks. Many different : polymer modifiers for asphalt cement have been developed to help improve both the rutting and thermal cracking prob...

Validation of a Multimethod Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorders in Vietnam Veterans.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malloy, Paul F.; And Others

1983-01-01

Studied whether posttraumtic stress disorders (PTSD) could be distinguished through use of videotaped mild combat stimuli. Results of anxiety measures showed that this assessment device clearly distinguished the PTSD Veterans from both veterans without combat exposure but who sought psychiatric help for other problems, and well adjusted veterans.…

What Schools Can Do To Combat Student-to-Student Sexual Harassment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Webb, L. Dean; And Others

1997-01-01

By their silence and failure to combat peer sexual harassment, schools are serving as training grounds for domestic violence. Schools must establish a districtwide program of student peer sexual harassment prevention and intervention comprised of a school policy, an environmental survey of the problem, a grievance procedure, a training component,…

Anger in the UK Armed Forces: strong association with mental health, childhood antisocial behavior, and combat role.

PubMed

Rona, Roberto J; Jones, Margaret; Hull, Lisa; MacManus, Deirdre; Fear, Nicola T; Wessely, Simon

2015-01-01

We assessed the strength of the association of several mental health problems, childhood difficulties, and combat role with anger, as well as the contribution of these factors to explain anger assessed by population attributable fraction (PAF). A total of 9885 UK service personnel, some of them deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan, participated in the study. There was a strong or intermediate association between cases and subthreshold cases of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, psychological distress, multiple physical symptoms and alcohol misuse, having a combat role, childhood adversity, and childhood antisocial behavior with anger. The PAF for any mental health problem and combat role and childhood difficulties was 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56-0.70) and increased to 0.77 (95% CI, 0.69-0.83) if subthreshold cases were included. Anger is a frequent component of mental disorders; health care professionals need to be aware of the interference of anger in the management of mental illness and that anger infrequently presents as an isolated phenomenon.

Depression in Female Veterans Returning from Deployment: The Role of Social Factors.

PubMed

Sairsingh, Holly; Solomon, Phyllis; Helstrom, Amy; Treglia, Dan

2018-03-01

Women are serving in the armed forces and deployed to areas of conflict in increasing numbers. Problems such as depressive symptoms and risks related to combat exposure can have negative effects on adjustment following service; understanding the relationship between these problems may contribute to strategies providers can use to facilitate healthy adjustment after deployment. The purpose of this study is to examine social factors as they relate to mental health adjustment, namely depressive symptoms among female veterans who served in Iraq and Afghanistan as part of Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn (OND). We hypothesized that combat exposure would predict higher levels of depressive symptoms and that social support would moderate the relationship between combat exposure and depression. In a cross-sectional design, 128 female Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn veterans completed an online survey about combat experience, social support, depression, demographic characteristics, and behavioral health symptom history. We conducted multiple regression analyses to examine linear and moderating relationships. There was no significant relationship between combat exposure and depression; social support did not significantly moderate the relationship between combat exposure and depression. However, higher levels of social support and financial comfort were significantly related to lower levels of depression. This study highlights the role of social factors, specifically social support and perceived financial status, as potential barriers to healthy emotional readjustment following deployment. These findings suggest that it may be beneficial for mental health providers to screen female veterans and refer them to appropriate services to reduce financial stressors and strengthen their use of social support. More research should continue to examine more fully the impact of combat exposure on female service members' mental health and work to isolate the factors most strongly related to depression.

Research on air and missile defense task allocation based on extended contract net protocol

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yunzhi; Wang, Gang

2017-10-01

Based on the background of air and missile defense distributed element corporative engagement, the interception task allocation problem of multiple weapon units with multiple targets under network condition is analyzed. Firstly, a mathematical model of task allocation is established by combat task decomposition. Secondly, the initialization assignment based on auction contract and the adjustment allocation scheme based on swap contract were introduced to the task allocation. Finally, through the simulation calculation of typical situation, the model can be used to solve the task allocation problem in complex combat environment.

Analysis of the causes of medical evacuation of injured and sick soldiers of the Polish Military Contingent in the Islamic State of Afghanistan taking part in International Security Assistance Force operations.

PubMed

Ziemba, Radosław

2012-04-01

Military casualties in Afghanistan arise in part from climatic and natural conditions that are difficult for European soldiers to endure, as well as from intense guerrilla combat with mass use of IEDs (improvised explosive devices), thus posing numerous and diverse medical problems requiring evacuation to the home country. A search of the literature revealed no comprehensive studies of the causes of medical evacuation from this theater of operations. This article is a review of medical reports of the Polish Military Contingent taking part in Operation Enduring Freedom during the period from 01 January 2010 to 31 December 2011, including an analysis of causes of all ROLE 4 medical evacuations (to the military base in Germany or to the home country). As many as 565 (5.49%) of the total of 10 294 contingent soldiers were evacuated during the analyzed period. Of these, 29% of evacuation cases were due to combat injuries, 23% to complications of respiratory tract infection, 11% to mental health problems, 11% to chronic neuralgias, 12% to complications of acute gastrointestinal infections, 4% to non-combat injuries, 3% to dental and maxillofacial problems, 2% to dermatological problems and 2% to leishmaniasis. The remaining causes included chronic organic/systemic diseases manifested during service. The main causes of medical evacuations to the home country were the consequences of combat injuries, mainly due to IED attacks. Appropriate diagnosis and early treatment of infections is also an important problem in the face of a significant number of complications resulting in evacuation of soldiers to their home country.

49 CFR 393.61 - Truck and truck tractor window construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Truck and truck tractor window construction. 393... REGULATIONS PARTS AND ACCESSORIES NECESSARY FOR SAFE OPERATION Glazing and Window Construction § 393.61 Truck and truck tractor window construction. Each truck and truck tractor (except trucks engaged in armored...

PTSD, alcohol dependence, and conduct problems: Distinct pathways via lability and disinhibition.

PubMed

Simons, Jeffrey S; Simons, Raluca M; O'Brien, Carol; Stoltenberg, Scott F; Keith, Jessica A; Hudson, Jaime A

2017-01-01

This study tested the role of affect lability and disinhibition in mediating associations between PTSD symptoms and two forms of alcohol-related problems, dependence syndrome symptoms (e.g., impaired control over consumption) and conduct problems (e.g., assault, risk behaviors). Genotype at the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) was hypothesized to moderate associations between traumatic stress and PTSD symptoms. In addition, the study tested whether childhood traumatic stress moderated associations between combat trauma and PTSD symptoms. Participants were 270 OIF/OEF/OND veterans. The hypothesized model was largely supported. Participants with the low expression alleles of 5-HTTLPR (S or L G ) exhibited stronger associations between childhood (but not combat) traumatic stress and PTSD symptoms. Affect lability mediated the associations between PTSD symptoms and alcohol dependence symptoms. Behavioral disinhibition mediated associations between PTSD symptoms and conduct related problems. Conditional indirect effects indicated stronger associations between childhood traumatic stress and lability, behavioral disinhibition, alcohol consumption, AUD symptoms, and associated conduct problems via PTSD symptoms among those with the low expression 5-HTTLPR alleles. However, interactions between combat trauma and either childhood trauma or genotype were not significant. The results support the hypothesis that affect lability and behavioral disinhibition are potential intermediate traits with distinct associations with AUD and associated externalizing problems. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dijkstra Methode for Optimalize Recommendation System of Garbage Transportation Time in Surakarta City

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hartatik; Purbayu, A.; Triyono, L.

2018-03-01

Major problem that often occurs in waste transportation in each region is the route of garbage transportation. Determination of this route should become a major concern because it affects fuel consumption and also the working time from the employee. Therefore, in this research we will develop an application to optimize with pigeonhole and dijsktra algorithm. Pigeonhole algorithm is used to determine which garbage trucks should be taken in a particular TPS. Time optimization is done by determining the shortest path that can be skipped for each garbage truck. Data generated from Pigeonhole then used to determine the shortest path by using Dijkstra algorithm.

Service contract of Renault Kerax 440 truck with deductible and policy limit coverage modification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bustami, Pasaribu, Udjianna. S.; Husniah, Hennie

2016-02-01

In this paper we discuss a service contracts with coverage modification that only offer preventive maintenance and corrective maintenance for Renault Kerax 440 Truck by service contract provider. Corrective maintenance costs is modified with deductible and policy limit during the period of the service contract. Demand for a service contract is only influenced by the price of the service contract, deductible, and policy limit offered by producer to consumer. The main problem in this thesis is determining the price of a service contract, deductible, and policy limit to get maximum profit for producer for each of service contract.

Prevalence and correlates of poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in Belgian truck drivers.

PubMed

Braeckman, Lutgart; Verpraet, Rini; Van Risseghem, Marleen; Pevernagie, Dirk; De Bacquer, Dirk

2011-03-01

Sleepiness and sleep complaints are common among professional drivers. Sleepiness is a considerable problem not only because it affects the drivers' well-being, but also because of the consequences for performance and safety. Assessment of the (self-reported) prevalence and research into the risk factors are thus an important health issue and are also indispensable to prevent productivity loss and work-related accidents and injuries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe sleeping, driving, and health characteristics of Belgian truck drivers and to determine occupational and individual factors associated with poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. Cross-sectional data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire that included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Berlin Questionnaire (BQ). The mean (SD) age of the 476 studied truck drivers was 42.7 (10.2) yrs and the mean (SD) body mass index was 27.3 (5.1) kg/m(2). Approximately 47% declared that they drove >50 h/wk and found their work schedule unrealistic. The mean (SD) PSQI score was 4.45 (2.7); poor quality of sleep (PSQI >5) was found in 27.2%. The mean (SD) ESS score was 6.79 (4.17); 18% had a score >10. The BQ indicated that 21.5% had a higher risk on obstructive sleep apnea. In multiple logistic regression analysis, low educational level (odds ratio [OR] 1.86), current smoking (OR 1.75), unrealistic work schedule (OR 1.75), and risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OR 2.97) were found to be independent correlates of daytime sleepiness. Poor sleep quality was significantly associated with poor self-perceived health (OR 1.95), unrealistic work schedule (OR 2.85), low job satisfaction (OR 1.91), and less driving experience (OR 1.73). These results show that poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness were prevalent in Belgian truck drivers. Taking into account that several significant correlates with respect to these sleep problems were identified both at the individual and the occupational level, comprehensive countermeasures to improve working conditions and organization are needed, as well as health promotion interventions, to ensure the safety and well-being of truck drivers.

Using GIS in the Analysis of Truck Crashes, Summary Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-06-01

Computerized crash analysis systems in which crash data, roadway inventory data, and traffic operations data can be merged are used in many States and municipalities to identify problem locations and assess the effectiveness of implemented countermea...

Provisional-Ideal-Point-Based Multi-objective Optimization Method for Drone Delivery Problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Omagari, Hiroki; Higashino, Shin-Ichiro

2018-04-01

In this paper, we proposed a new evolutionary multi-objective optimization method for solving drone delivery problems (DDP). It can be formulated as a constrained multi-objective optimization problem. In our previous research, we proposed the "aspiration-point-based method" to solve multi-objective optimization problems. However, this method needs to calculate the optimal values of each objective function value in advance. Moreover, it does not consider the constraint conditions except for the objective functions. Therefore, it cannot apply to DDP which has many constraint conditions. To solve these issues, we proposed "provisional-ideal-point-based method." The proposed method defines a "penalty value" to search for feasible solutions. It also defines a new reference solution named "provisional-ideal point" to search for the preferred solution for a decision maker. In this way, we can eliminate the preliminary calculations and its limited application scope. The results of the benchmark test problems show that the proposed method can generate the preferred solution efficiently. The usefulness of the proposed method is also demonstrated by applying it to DDP. As a result, the delivery path when combining one drone and one truck drastically reduces the traveling distance and the delivery time compared with the case of using only one truck.

Truck Drivers' Experiences and Perspectives Regarding Factors Influencing Traffic Accidents: A Qualitative Study.

PubMed

Karimi Moonaghi, Hossein; Ranjbar, Hossein; Heydari, Abbas; Scurlock-Evans, Laura

2015-08-01

Traffic accidents are a major public health problem, leading to death and disability. Although pertinent studies have been conducted, little data are available in Iran. This study explored the experiences of truck drivers and their perspectives regarding factors contributing to traffic accidents. Eighteen truck drivers, purposively sampled, participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. A main theme, lack of ability to control stress, emerged as a factor influencing the incidence of traffic accidents. This main theme was found to have three subthemes: poor organization of the job, lack of workplace facilities and proper equipment, and unsupportive environment. Although several factors were found to contribute to traffic accidents, their effects were not independent, and all were considered significant. Identifying factors that contribute to traffic accidents requires a systematic and holistic approach. Findings could be used by the transportation industry and community health centers to prevent traffic accidents. © 2015 The Author(s).

Second Generation Effect of Vietnam: Adolescent Children of Combat Veterans.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dansby, Virginia Smejkal

Although extensive research has focused upon the adjustment problems of the veterans of the Vietnam conflict, little data is available concerning their children. The purpose of this study was to provide a description of the adolescent children who have lived with Vietnam combat veteran fathers, comparing them (on the basis of social and personal…

The Long War and Parental Combat Deployment: Effects on Military Children and At-Home Spouses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lester, Patricia; Peterson, Kris; Reeves, James; Knauss, Larry; Glover, Dorie; Mogil, Catherine; Duan, Naihua; Saltzman, William; Pynoos, Robert; Wilt, Katherine; Beardslee, William

2010-01-01

Objective: Given the growing number of military service members with families and the multiple combat deployments characterizing current war time duties, the impact of deployments on military children requires clarification. Behavioral and emotional adjustment problems were examined in children (aged 6 through 12) of an active duty Army or Marine…

Fabrication and Analysis Signal Optical Fiber Sensor Based On Bend Loss for Weight in Motion Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aftah Syukron, Ahmad; Marzuki, Ahmad; Setyawan, Ary

2017-11-01

Road network plays very important role in economic development. Overweight is one of the main factors contributing to road damage. To minimize this factor, road authority has to make sure that all vehicles operate in according to maximum vehicle regulation set by the government. The one solution can use from this problem is Weight in motion (WIM) technology. WIM technology allows measuring vehicle weight quickly. The sensor is one of the important components in the WIM system. This paper presents a model of WIM fiber sensor work based on bend loss. Fiber sensor has made by coiling optical fiber. Coiling optical fiber has managed in the elliptical shape rubber coil. Rubber coil then is planted in the pad of sensor. The principle of this sensor is a detecting of the shift light intensity output of optical fiber when the vehicles a passing through on fiber sensor. Loading was carried out using loaded truck model. Data was carried out with variations of load and load positions in the truck. The results can be concluded that the shift light intensity is greater with the more shift loads. The loader of the truck has also resulted in the greater loss. Loads in the truck distributed on the axles due to the position of loads.

Unethical battlefield conduct reported by soldiers serving in the Iraq war.

PubMed

Wilk, Joshua E; Bliese, Paul D; Thomas, Jeffrey L; Wood, Michael D; McGurk, Dennis; Castro, Carl A; Hoge, Charles W

2013-04-01

Research involving military service members has shown a strong relationship between combat experiences and increased risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health problems. Comparatively little research has examined the relationship between combat experiences, PTSD, aggression, and unethical conduct on the battlefield, although news stories sometimes suggest links between unethical conduct and disorders such as PTSD. This study systematically examined whether unethical conduct is a proxy for aggression and whether specific combat experiences and PTSD are independently associated with unethical behavior. The results of this study indicate that aggression (β = 0.30) and specific combat experiences (particularly, witnessing war atrocities [β = 0.14] and fighting [β = 0.13]) are much more strongly associated with unethical conduct than is PTSD (β = 0.04).

The HIV epidemic in China: history, response, and challenge.

PubMed

He, Na; Detels, Roger

2005-01-01

The first case of AIDS was reported in 1985 in China, but by the early 21st century, the government estimated that there were 840,000 citizens living with HIV/AIDS. The number is increasing rapidly. The major risk groups are injection drug users (IDUSs; 43%) and former plasma donors (27%), but rates among heterosexual groups are rising rapidly. Sentinel surveillance was initiated in 1986, and now includes IDUs, men-who-have-sex-with-men, sexually transmitted disease clinic attendees, antenatal women, long-distance truck drivers, and sex workers. Although the government was slow to respond to the epidemic in the late 20th century, it has made a vigorous response in the early 21st century. Components of that response include implementation and evaluation of harm reduction programs for IDUs, education to increase knowledge and reduce stigma, treatment and social support for rural and poor HIV/AIDS patients, widespread testing, and increased funding for HIV/AIDS programs. International agencies have been generous in their support of the government initiatives. To successfully combat the epidemic, China needs to develop and train the necessary infrastructure to implement its intervention programs, particularly in the rural areas, to vigorously combat stigma and discrimination, support research especially in the universities and research institutions other than the China Centers for Disease Control, develop a system for efficient exchange of research and program information, and update legislation to reflect the current situation.

Comparison of Special Group Experiences in Establishing Independent Motor Carrier Businesses : Volume 2. Main Text.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-08-01

The report examines the experiences and special problems of minority trucking firms. The firms are classified as unregulated local truckers, unregulated owner-operators, and regulated interstate common carriers. Random samples are developed for minor...

Technology transfer: Transportation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anyos, T.; Brown, I.; Lizak, R.; Loomis, A.; Wilhelm, J.

1977-01-01

The application of NASA derived technology in solving problems related to highways, railroads, and other rapid systems is described. Additional areas/are identified where space technology may be utilized to meet requirements related to waterways, law enforcement agencies, and the trucking and recreational vehicle industries.

Comparison of Special Group Experiences in Establishing Independent Motor Carrier Businesses : Volume 1. Executive Summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-08-01

The report summarizes the experiences and special problems of minority trucking firms. The firms are classified as unregulated local truckers, unregulated owner-operators, and regulated interstate common carriers. Although the general findings reflec...

78 FR 58465 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Delaware; Update to Materials...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-24

... problems. Therefore, EPA, from time to time, must take action on SIP revisions containing new and/or... Organic Compounds (VOCs)), 12.0 (Surface Coating of Plastic Parts), 13.0 (Automobile and Light-Duty Truck...

Utilizing feedback in adaptive SAR ATR systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Horsfield, Owen; Blacknell, David

2009-05-01

Existing SAR ATR systems are usually trained off-line with samples of target imagery or CAD models, prior to conducting a mission. If the training data is not representative of mission conditions, then poor performance may result. In addition, it is difficult to acquire suitable training data for the many target types of interest. The Adaptive SAR ATR Problem Set (AdaptSAPS) program provides a MATLAB framework and image database for developing systems that adapt to mission conditions, meaning less reliance on accurate training data. A key function of an adaptive system is the ability to utilise truth feedback to improve performance, and it is this feature which AdaptSAPS is intended to exploit. This paper presents a new method for SAR ATR that does not use training data, based on supervised learning. This is achieved by using feature-based classification, and several new shadow features have been developed for this purpose. These features allow discrimination of vehicles from clutter, and classification of vehicles into two classes: targets, comprising military combat types, and non-targets, comprising bulldozers and trucks. The performance of the system is assessed using three baseline missions provided with AdaptSAPS, as well as three additional missions. All performance metrics indicate a distinct learning trend over the course of a mission, with most third and fourth quartile performance levels exceeding 85% correct classification. It has been demonstrated that these performance levels can be maintained even when truth feedback rates are reduced by up to 55% over the course of a mission.

Etiology of Depression Comorbidity in Combat-Related PTSD: A Review of the Literature

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

release: distribution is unlimited. This research was conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of...VeteransPosttraumatic stress disorder is often diagnosed with other mental health problems, particularly depression. Although PTSD comorbidity has been...of military deployment and combat exposure is emphasized. Implications of our results for clinical practice and future research are discussed

Some problems associated with war experience in men of the Vietnam generation.

PubMed

Yager, T; Laufer, R; Gallops, M

1984-04-01

A national sample of men who were of military age during the Vietnam War (n = 1,342) was interviewed six to 15 years after veterans in the sample had left the service. Our findings showed that violent experiences in war were associated with a variety of behavioral and emotional problems. When preservice background factors were statistically controlled, combat exposure showed an association with arrests and convictions (generally for nonviolent offenses), with drinking, and with symptoms of traumatic stress. Participants in atrocities reported more stress symptoms and greater use of heroin and marijuana than did other veterans. Veterans who experienced no combat and did not take part in atrocities, however, did not differ appreciably from nonveterans. Not all men who experienced combat or took part in atrocities reported personal difficulties; almost three fourths of heavy-combat veterans were not arrested after the service. Tape recorded responses of the ten blacks and 18 whites who took part in atrocities suggested that soldiers' emotional responses may have been determined by their ability or inability to dehumanize the victims. Future research would benefit from a closer coordination of clinical and epidemiologic approaches.

Technologies to Combat Aedes Mosquitoes: A Model Based on Smart City.

PubMed

de Souza Silva, Geovanna Cristine; Peltonen, Laura-Maria; Pruinelli, Lisiane; Yoshikazu Shishido, Henrique; Jacklin Eler, Gabrielle

2018-01-01

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of diseases such as dengue fever, yellow fever, chikungunya fever, zika virus fever, some of which can cause irreversible central nervous system problems and death. This study investigates what technologies are being used for combatting and monitoring the Aedes mosquitoes and to propose joining these technologies into a single and complete solution using the Smart Cities concept. A search for newscasts on Google and mobile apps in app stores were performed to identify technological solutions for combat to Aedes mosquitoes. Also, a model for joint technology was proposed. Results identified the following technologies: 170 software, two sensors, two drones, one electronic device, ten mosquito traps/lures, seven biological tools, six biotechnologies, and eight chemical formulations. Technological resources and adoption of preventive measures by the population could be a useful method for the mosquito control. Examples include a georeferenced model for identification and examination of larvae, application of chemical/biological products, real-time mapping, sending of educational materials via email or social media for the population, and alerts to health professionals in the zones of combat/risk. In combination, these technologies may indicate a better solution to the current problem.

Effectiveness and efficiency of safety belt and child restraint usage programs

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-03-01

Problem: Each year, approximately 34,000 persons are killed and 520,000 receive moderate to severe injuries as occupants of passenger cars, light trucks and vans. Approximately half ofthese deaths and injuries could be avoided if all such occupants w...

Evaluation of US 119 Pine Mountain safety improvements : interim report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-10-01

The safety improvement project for a section of US 119 across Pine Mountain in Letcher County was initiated as an interim effort to address safety issues related t o roadway geometrics and specific problems related to truck traffic. : Specific object...

Limb Loss

MedlinePlus

... in amputation. Injuries, including from traffic accidents and military combat Cancer Birth defects Some amputees have phantom pain, which is the feeling of pain in the missing limb. Other physical problems include surgical complications and skin problems, if you ...

Demonstration of Heavy Hybrid Diesel Fleet Vehicles

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-01

Truck, Earth Auger/Digger Derrick 154 Hybrid Electric System Truck, Refuse 54 Hybrid Launch Assist Truck, Dump 921 Truck, Refrigerator 147 Truck, High...Hybrid Electric System Dump Truck 776 Naval Construction Force Truck 1,500 Engineer Tractor 2,942 Heavy Equipment Transporter (HET) 1,961...both trucks using Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) fuel management data. Card readers capture this data at the point of fueling using a specified card

77 FR 31423 - Qualification of Drivers; Application for Exemptions; National Association of the Deaf

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-25

... dump trucks and tractor trailer trucks. He would like to drive tractor trailer trucks in interstate... CDL and drive heavy equipment such as a dump truck, or rig truck with a trailer, if granted an... intrastate commerce. This includes experience driving heavy equipment, dump trucks and public works trucks...

Lift truck safety review

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cadwallader, L.C.

1997-03-01

This report presents safety information about powered industrial trucks. The basic lift truck, the counterbalanced sit down rider truck, is the primary focus of the report. Lift truck engineering is briefly described, then a hazard analysis is performed on the lift truck. Case histories and accident statistics are also given. Rules and regulations about lift trucks, such as the US Occupational Safety an Health Administration laws and the Underwriter`s Laboratories standards, are discussed. Safety issues with lift trucks are reviewed, and lift truck safety and reliability are discussed. Some quantitative reliability values are given.

A (New) Discursive Framework for Dealing with the Problem of Unsafe Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van der Walt, Johannes L.

2015-01-01

The problem of unsafe schools, in the sense of schools being afflicted by incidences of violence, crime, and general anti-social behaviour, is a worldwide problem. Not surprisingly, the literature on the subject tends to centre on two issues: understanding the problem, and avoiding or combating the problem. This paper focuses on the second by…

Combat and peacekeeping operations in relation to prevalence of mental disorders and perceived need for mental health care: findings from a large representative sample of military personnel.

PubMed

Sareen, Jitender; Cox, Brian J; Afifi, Tracie O; Stein, Murray B; Belik, Shay-Lee; Meadows, Graham; Asmundson, Gordon J G

2007-07-01

Although military personnel are trained for combat and peacekeeping operations, accumulating evidence indicates that deployment-related exposure to traumatic events is associated with mental health problems and mental health service use. To examine the relationships between combat and peacekeeping operations and the prevalence of mental disorders, self-perceived need for mental health care, mental health service use, and suicidality. Cross-sectional, population-based survey. Canadian military. A total of 8441 currently active military personnel (aged 16-54 years). The DSM-IV mental disorders (major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social phobia, and alcohol dependence) were assessed using the World Mental Health version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview, a fully structured lay-administered psychiatric interview. The survey included validated measures of self-perceived need for mental health treatment, mental health service use, and suicidal ideation. Lifetime exposure to peacekeeping and combat operations and witnessing atrocities or massacres (ie, mutilated bodies or mass killings) were assessed. The prevalences of any past-year mental disorder assessed in the survey and self-perceived need for care were 14.9% and 23.2%, respectively. Most individuals meeting the criteria for a mental disorder diagnosis did not use any mental health services. Deployment to combat operations and witnessing atrocities were associated with increased prevalence of mental disorders and perceived need for care. After adjusting for the effects of exposure to combat and witnessing atrocities, deployment to peacekeeping operations was not associated with increased prevalence of mental disorders. This is the first study to use a representative sample of active military personnel to examine the relationship between deployment-related experiences and mental health problems. It provides evidence of a positive association between combat exposure and witnessing atrocities and mental disorders and self-perceived need for treatment.

Confusion Hill landslides : economic impact of US-101 closure : Mendocino County P.M. 99.65.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-07-01

US-101 is the primary route that provides direct access to the Californias : North Coast for commercial trucking year round, as well as for recreational : traffic especially during tourist season. There has been a recurring problem of : landslides...

Integrating inland ports into the intermodal goods movement system for ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-02-01

Planners concerned with deep-water port operations are interested in strategies that improve : regional truck flows associated with the container trade while also mitigating related problems of : highway congestion and air pollution. An inland port o...

Game-Theoretic Models for Usage-based Maintenance Contract

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Husniah, H.; Wangsaputra, R.; Cakravastia, A.; Iskandar, B. P.

2018-03-01

A usage-based maintenance contracts with coordination and non coordination between two parties is studied in this paper. The contract is applied to a dump truck operated in a mining industry. The situation under study is that an agent offers service contract to the owner of the truck after warranty ends. This contract has only a time limit but no usage limit. If the total usage per period exceeds the maximum usage allowed in the contract, then the owner will be charged an additional cost. In general, the agent (Original Equipment Manufacturer/OEM) provides a full coverage of maintenance, which includes PM and CM under the lease contract. The decision problem for the owner is to select the best option offered that fits to its requirement, and the decision problem for the agent is to find the optimal maintenance efforts for a given price of the service option offered. We first find the optimal decisions using coordination scheme and then with non coordination scheme for both parties.

Type C investigation of electrical fabrication projects in ICF Kaiser shops

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huckfeldt, R.A.

1995-06-01

A Type C Investigation Board was convened to investigate an electrical miswiring problem found during the operation of the electrical distribution trailer for the TWRS Rotary Mode Core Sampling Truck {number_sign}2. The trailer was designed by WHC and fabricated ICF KH on site for use in the Characterization Program. This problem resulted in a serious safety hazard since the support truck frame/chassis became electrically energized. This final report provides results of the ``Type C Investigation, Electrical Fabrication Projects in ICF KH Shops, June, 1995.`` It contains the investigation scope, executive summary, relevant facts, analysis, conclusions and corrective actions. DOE Ordermore » 5484.1, ``Environmental Protection, Safety and Health Protection Information Reporting Requirements,`` was followed in preparation of this report. Because the incident was electrical in nature and involved both Westinghouse Hanford Company and ICF Kaiser Hanford organizations, the board included members from both contractors and members with considerable electrical expertise.« less

The Steiner Multigraph Problem: Wildlife corridor design for multiple species

Treesearch

Katherine J. Lai; Carla P. Gomes; Michael K. Schwartz; Kevin S. McKelvey; David E. Calkin; Claire A. Montgomery

2011-01-01

The conservation of wildlife corridors between existing habitat preserves is important for combating the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation facing species of concern. We introduce the Steiner Multigraph Problem to model the problem of minimum-cost wildlife corridor design for multiple species with different landscape requirements. This problem can also model...

26 CFR 145.4051-1 - Imposition of tax on heavy trucks and trailers sold at retail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) Automobile truck chassis and bodies; (ii) Truck trailer and semitrailer chassis and bodies; and (iii.... A sale of an automobile truck, truck trailer or semitrailer, shall be considered to be a sale of a... is an automobile truck, truck trailer or semitrailer, or a tractor of the kind chiefly used for...

26 CFR 145.4051-1 - Imposition of tax on heavy trucks and trailers sold at retail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) Automobile truck chassis and bodies; (ii) Truck trailer and semitrailer chassis and bodies; and (iii.... A sale of an automobile truck, truck trailer or semitrailer, shall be considered to be a sale of a... is an automobile truck, truck trailer or semitrailer, or a tractor of the kind chiefly used for...

26 CFR 145.4051-1 - Imposition of tax on heavy trucks and trailers sold at retail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) Automobile truck chassis and bodies; (ii) Truck trailer and semitrailer chassis and bodies; and (iii.... A sale of an automobile truck, truck trailer or semitrailer, shall be considered to be a sale of a... is an automobile truck, truck trailer or semitrailer, or a tractor of the kind chiefly used for...

26 CFR 145.4051-1 - Imposition of tax on heavy trucks and trailers sold at retail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) Automobile truck chassis and bodies; (ii) Truck trailer and semitrailer chassis and bodies; and (iii.... A sale of an automobile truck, truck trailer or semitrailer, shall be considered to be a sale of a... is an automobile truck, truck trailer or semitrailer, or a tractor of the kind chiefly used for...

49 CFR 238.419 - Truck-to-car-body and truck component attachment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Truck-to-car-body and truck component attachment... Specific Requirements for Tier II Passenger Equipment § 238.419 Truck-to-car-body and truck component attachment. (a) The ultimate strength of the truck-to-car-body attachment for each unit in a train shall be...

49 CFR 238.419 - Truck-to-car-body and truck component attachment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Truck-to-car-body and truck component attachment... Specific Requirements for Tier II Passenger Equipment § 238.419 Truck-to-car-body and truck component attachment. (a) The ultimate strength of the truck-to-car-body attachment for each unit in a train shall be...

49 CFR 238.419 - Truck-to-car-body and truck component attachment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Truck-to-car-body and truck component attachment... Specific Requirements for Tier II Passenger Equipment § 238.419 Truck-to-car-body and truck component attachment. (a) The ultimate strength of the truck-to-car-body attachment for each unit in a train shall be...

US Hybrid Bucket Truck APM Phase I Final Scientific Technical Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Goodarzi, Abas

Presently, there are approximately 166,000 medium- and heavy-duty (MD/HD) bucket trucks operating in the United States, the majority of which are diesel powered. These vehicles spend a significant amount of time idling at the work site to power the truck’s hydraulic boom, lights, auxiliary equipment, and cabin heating and cooling. Nationally, bucket trucks use 0.5 billion gallons of diesel fuel annually, representing 1.5 percent of the U.S.’s total diesel fuel consumption [ ]. Increasing fuel costs and environmental concerns are driving efforts to develop cleaner, quieter, more productive, and more energy efficient bucket trucks. The emissions of the bucket truckmore » have a direct effect on public health. Bucket trucks operation mode imposes heavy loads on the powertrain and results in very poor fuel efficiency and high emissions. Electric powertrains perform well in such conditions, and in recent years, a number of initiatives have been launched to explore the potential of fuel cell electric systems for bucket truck propulsion. The proposed fuel cell powered ePTO offers the best ROI and compatibility with the existing vehicles and operation and also minimized the infrastructure need. To address these problems, US Hybrid Corporation has teamed with Hawaii Center for Advanced Transportation Technologies (HCATT) and Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI) and Hawaiian Electric Company (HECO) to perform a Phase I analysis on the development and deployment of a fuel cell powered bucket truck (FCBT) for operation by HECO within the City and County of Honolulu. Based on preliminary modeling of a typical bucket truck operation, it is anticipated that the fuel cell powertrain will provide a 200% fuel economy improvement with zero emissions job-site operation and lower operating noise. The zero-emission ePTO bucket truck will also support the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission goals set forth by the federal government as well as the State of Hawaii. The operators within the bucket industry will also benefit from the proposed fuel cell bucket truck with zero emission job-site operation and lower operating noise. The maximum benefits of a hybrid powertrain are realized when the system is designed for the specific duty cycle of the vehicle. In the case of the bucket truck, the duty cycle consists of approximately six hours (75% of time) field operation and two hours (25% of time) in cruising mode drive to and back from job sites. The vast majority of fuel is consumed in the field operation mode, in which the vehicle is much less efficient due to the high energy expenditure while inefficiently operating the hydraulic bucket handling equipment. The amount of fuel consumed to generate hydraulic power represents approximately 50% of the total fuel consumed in field operation mode. Our cost analysis indicated that the cost premium for commercial volume production has a payback time of four years based on a hydrogen cost of $6/kg, while providing lower noise, less maintenance cost with electrically driven variable speed pump and portable packaging.« less

Adaptive Disclosure: A Combat Specific PTSD Treatment

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-31

to determine whether AD is as least as effective as CPT, cognitive only version (CPT-C), in terms of its impact on deployment-related psychological ...be used to determine treatment efficacy. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Active-duty, Marine Corps, Posttraumatic stress disorder, Cognitive Therapy 16...the early stages of the wars suggest that 10-18% of combat troops experience deployment-related psychological health problems, such as posttraumatic

Interactive psychoeducational group therapy in the treatment of authority problems in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder.

PubMed

Lubin, H; Johnson, D R

2000-07-01

The use of Interactive Psychoeducational Group Therapy to ameliorate authority problems of veterans with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder is described. Despite the common occurrence of authority problems in this population, and the degree of damage they have caused in family, work, and legal domains, they are rarely specifically targeted by treatment interventions. A conceptual framework linking psychological trauma with distortions in authority relations is presented, followed by the format, procedures, and case examples of this form of group therapy. By uncovering the distorted beliefs associated with traumatic schemas as they emerge in the group interaction, the group therapist can first help the clients question their assumptions about authority, and then explore more adaptive behaviors. The need to examine in greater detail the causes and impact of authority problems among clients with posttraumatic stress disorder is emphasized.

A differential game solution to the Coplanar tail-chase aerial combat problem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Merz, A. W.; Hague, D. S.

1976-01-01

Numerical results obtained in a simplified version of the one on one aerial combat problem are presented. The primary aim of the data is to specify the roles of pursuer and evader as functions of the relative geometry and of the significant physical parameters of the problem. Numerical results are given in a case in which the slower aircraft is more maneuverable than the faster aircraft. A third order dynamic model of the relative motion is described, for which the state variables are relative range, bearing, and heading. The ranges at termination are arbitary in the present version of the problem, so the weapon systems of both aircraft can be visualized as forward firing high velocity weapons, which must be aimed at the tail pipe of the evader. It was found that, for the great majority of the ralative geometries, each aircraft can evade the weapon system of the other.

Illness Behavior and Transitional States: A Study of Outpatient Rates and Symptom Presentation in Relation to Troop Deployment during Peacetime. The Health Consequences of Deployment. Types and Rates of Outpatient Sickcall Visits. June 1980 - May 1981. Combat Arms and Support Troops

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-06

study I are listed In Appendix A. The combat and support groups are different in several ways. They were picked for the vast differences in their I...a week. These differences allow us to Nighlight the Medical problems related to highly stressed soldiers. The clinirs providing first line care to...these two groups were ;lj, different,. The combat arms unit had Battalion Aid "Stations (DAS) to provide medical care to each battalion f (approximately

A firm size and safety performance profile of the U.S. motor carrier industry : [executive summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-11-01

Motor carrier crashes continue to present a societal and public policy : problem. Large commercial truck crashes are a topic of serious concern : in Iowa. Statistics illustrate the need to make further progress on the : safety performance of motor ca...

Evaluation of pavement bleeding problem on I-55 in Illinois

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1991-01-01

Shortly after construction fat spots began to appear throughout the project on a 3 inch hot mix asphalt (HMA) overlay of an existing PCC pavement. The fat spots appeared to occur at end of truck loads. After time the fat spots developed into potholes...

Truck accident and fatality rates calculated from California highway accident statistics for 1980 and 1981

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smith, R.N.; Wilmot, E.L.

California state highway accident rates for three types of truck vehicles (pickup, truck without trailer, and truck with trailer) were analyzed for 1980 and 1981 and for various road types in each of eleven state highway districts. Accident rates have not been available previously that are specific to truck vehicles, particularly truck with trailer. Reported data are presented that lead to several significant observations about truck accident rates: pickup truck accident rates are about twice the composite rates for all vehicle types; the fatality rates for trucks with trailer are nearly twice that for all vehicle types; fatality rates formore » trucks (without trailer) are comparable to the composite rates; and total accident and fatal-plus-injury rates for trucks with trailer are close to the composite rates in urban areas but higher in rural areas. The values for average total accident rates reported in 1981 are: 2.2 accidents per million vehicle miles (mvm) for pickups, 1.5 accidents per mvm for trucks, and 1.4 accidents per mvm for trucks with trailer. The values for average fatality rates reported in 1981 are: 3.8 fatalities per 100 mvm for pickups, 2.8 fatalities per 100 mvm for trucks, and 4.3 fatalities per 100 mvm for trucks with trailer. The reported rates for 1980 are approximately the same.« less

Perspectives of Disciplinary Problems and Practices in Elementary Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huger Marsh, Darlene P.

2012-01-01

Ill-discipline in public schools predates compulsory education in the United States. Disciplinary policies and laws enacted to combat the problem have met with minimal success. Research and recommendations have generally focused on the indiscipline problems ubiquitous in intermediate, junior and senior high schools. However, similar misbehaviors…

Gangs a Suburban Problem Too! "Taking the Gang Threat Seriously."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stabile, Michael J.

Gangs are no longer the exclusive problem of large metropolitan areas. Suburban schools and communities are now vulnerable, and the problem is spreading. To combat the problem, it is essential to overcome denial in the school and community. The case study of Chris, a junior high school student, exemplifies suburban youth gang members.…

Soldier Capability - Army Combat Effectiveness (SCACE). Volume 3. Historical Combat Data and Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-01

data un Israeli experience with troops lacking literacy , elementary education, and/or psychomotor skills required for many current military occupations...overview of the relationship of cognitive skills to training and performance, with special reference to man-machine systems, (,nd the problems that...effective use of troops with low educational levels and psychomotor skills . Some IDF reports on these subjects are known to exist, and some interviews

Combating plagiarism: the role of the health librarian.

PubMed

Spring, Hannah; Adams, Rachel

2013-12-01

This feature looks at the issue of plagiarism in health care students and the role of the health librarian in combating the problem. In particular, consideration is given to how plagiarism can occur and provides some examples from two UK universities of approaches health librarians can take in supporting students to avoid these common pitfalls. © 2013 The authors. Health Information and Libraries Journal © 2013 Health Libraries Group.

Navy Acquisition. SUBACS (Submarine Advanced Combat System) Problems May Adversely Affect Navy Attack Submarine Programs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-11-01

also the combat system design for the proposed new attack submarine class, SSN 21. In December 1983, the Navy awarded the International Business Machines...VI: Comments From International Business 35 Machines Corporation Abbreviations DNSARC Department of the Navy Systems Acquisition Review Council DSARC...Defense Systems Acquisition Review Council GAO General Accounting Office IBM International Business Machines Corporation NAVsEA Naval Sea Systems

Demonstration of Heavy Hybrid Diesel Fleet Vehicles Final Report Version 2

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-29

Rescue 215 Truck, Earth Auger/Digger Derrick 154 Hybrid Electric System Truck, Refuse 54 Hybrid Launch Assist Truck, Dump 921 Truck, Refrigerator...5,013 In-Progress; Hybrid Electric System Dump Truck 776 Naval Construction Force Truck 1,500 Engineer Tractor 2,942 Heavy Equipment Transporter...fuel consumed by both trucks using Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) fuel management data. Card readers capture this data at the point of fueling using a

Limiting microbial degradation in Louisiana sugarcane mills: Are biocides effective?

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Sucrose loss takes place post-harvest in sugarcane, and still represents a significant problem for the global sugar industry. In Louisiana, microorganisms cause the majority of sucrose loss during sugarcane transport to the factory, in cane piles at factory stock yards, and during overnight truck lo...

Building a model-based decision support system for solving vehicle routing and driver scheduling problems under hours of service regulations.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-08-27

"In principle, hours-of-service (HOS) regulations are intended to help truck drivers ensure get adequate rest and perform safe operations. The new HOS regulations, however, may lead to substantial cost increases for regional common carriers which hav...

Limiting sucrose loss in Louisiana raw sugar factories: Are biocides necessary?

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Sucrose deterioration takes place post-harvest in sugarcane, and is a significant problem for the sugar industry. In Louisiana, the majority of sucrose destruction occurs when cane is stock piled in mill yards and during overnight truck sleeper loads. Biocides are used in Louisiana raw sugarcane fac...

78 FR 67445 - Pilot Program on NAFTA Trucking Provisions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-12

... comment on data and information concerning the Pre-Authorization Safety Audit (PASA) for Road Machinery Co..., or for the purpose of avoiding or hiding previous non-compliance or safety problems. Road Machinery... corrective action, the safety suspension was not enforced during roadside inspections. Road Machinery Co SA...

Truck Traffic Iowa : 2010

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-01-01

Truck volumes represented on this map are Annual Average Daily Traffic Volumes between major traffic generators: i.e., Highway Junctions and Cities. : Truck volumes include 6-Tire and 3 Axle single unit trucks, buses and all multiple unit trucks.

Legal Comments.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hankins, Grover G.

1985-01-01

The crux of the problem addressed by the concept of comparable worth is sex and race discrimination in employment. Aggressive enforcement of Title VII and the Equal Pay Act to ensure equal employment opportunities and pay equity is the only way of combatting the problem. (Author)

Use of computerized neuropsychological testing to help determine fitness to return to combat operations when taking medication that can influence cognitive function.

PubMed

McLay, Robert; Spira, James; Reeves, Dennis

2010-12-01

Nowhere is it more important to maintain peek mental functioning than in a combat zone. Conditions ranging from pain to head injury to post-traumatic stress disorder can cause impairments in neuropsychological function and place service members at risk. Medications can sometimes help alleviate these problems, but also have the risk of further slowing cognitive function or impairing reaction time. Standard methods of neuropsychological testing are often not available in a combat environment. New technologies are being advanced that can allow portable, computerized neuropsychological testing to be performed at almost any location. We present a case that demonstrates how the use of such handheld technology can assist a military physician in assessing the influence of medication on reaction time and in determining if and when a service member is ready to return to combat.

Developing safety risk index for truck preferred arterial corridor.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-06-01

Truck safety has been of great interest to transportation officials, engineers and researchers for many years because : of the amount of freight transported by trucks, the safety impact of trucks in traffic, and trucks invaluable : contribution to...

An automated methodology development. [software design for combat simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hawley, L. R.

1985-01-01

The design methodology employed in testing the applicability of Ada in large-scale combat simulations is described. Ada was considered as a substitute for FORTRAN to lower life cycle costs and ease the program development efforts. An object-oriented approach was taken, which featured definitions of military targets, the capability of manipulating their condition in real-time, and one-to-one correlation between the object states and real world states. The simulation design process was automated by the problem statement language (PSL)/problem statement analyzer (PSA). The PSL/PSA system accessed the problem data base directly to enhance the code efficiency by, e.g., eliminating non-used subroutines, and provided for automated report generation, besides allowing for functional and interface descriptions. The ways in which the methodology satisfied the responsiveness, reliability, transportability, modifiability, timeliness and efficiency goals are discussed.

Types of injuries among Polish soldiers and civilian staff in the 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th rotation of the Afghan stabilization mission.

PubMed

Ziemba, Radosław

2012-03-01

The Afghan military theatre is specifically marked by guerilla operations and massive use of IEDs (improvised explosive devices) that pose new types of threats for their victims. At the same time, the relevant literature contains only a single, fragmentary analysis on injuries suffered by soldiers serving in the Afghan mission. This is a review of medical reports of the Polish Military Contingent deployed within Operation Enduring Freedom, from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2011; the analysis includes all cases of combat and non-combat injuries in terms of their causes. In the period under analysis, 380 Polish soldiers were reported injured; 87.1% of cases were combat and 12.9% non-combat injuries. The structure of injuries caused as a result of IED explosions was dominated by multiple limb injuries, associated most frequently with severe body cavities/spine injuries. In the case of other incidents, both combat and non-combat, the predominant consequences were single and, most commonly, less severe injuries. The average number of injuries suffered from IED attacks (3.37) was significantly higher than the number of injuries from other attacks (1.16), and higher than the number of non-combat injuries (1.43). IED attacks pose a serious medical problem, considering their high number and the severity of injuries they cause.

22 CFR 216.1 - Introduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... activities address such basic problems as hunger, malnutrition, overpopulation, disease, disaster... are designed to combat hunger, malnutrition and to facilitate economic development. Assistance...

Prediction of shipboard electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems using artificial intelligence (AI) technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Swanson, David J.

1990-01-01

The electromagnetic interference prediction problem is characteristically ill-defined and complicated. Severe EMI problems are prevalent throughout the U.S. Navy, causing both expected and unexpected impacts on the operational performance of electronic combat systems onboard ships. This paper focuses on applying artificial intelligence (AI) technology to the prediction of ship related electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems.

Combating School Bullying through Developmental Guidance for Positive Youth Development and Promoting Harmonious School Culture

PubMed Central

Hui, Eadaoin K. P.; Tsang, Sandra K. M.; Law, Bella C. M.

2011-01-01

Bullying and violence, which can bring detrimental effects, are situations which young people have to face in their process of development. Though school bullying has been a spreading and explicit problem in Hong Kong schools, most of the programs or guidelines dealing with the problem lack citywide, recognized initiatives and the effectiveness of these programs is unknown due to the lack of evaluation. The present paper discusses preventing school bullying from a developmental guidance perspective, using the positive youth development paradigm and promoting the values of harmony and forgiveness at the whole-school level to cultivate a harmonious school culture as a way of combating school bullying. PMID:22194662

Combating school bullying through developmental guidance for positive youth development and promoting harmonious school culture.

PubMed

Hui, Eadaoin K P; Tsang, Sandra K M; Law, Bella C M

2011-01-01

Bullying and violence, which can bring detrimental effects, are situations which young people have to face in their process of development. Though school bullying has been a spreading and explicit problem in Hong Kong schools, most of the programs or guidelines dealing with the problem lack citywide, recognized initiatives and the effectiveness of these programs is unknown due to the lack of evaluation. The present paper discusses preventing school bullying from a developmental guidance perspective, using the positive youth development paradigm and promoting the values of harmony and forgiveness at the whole-school level to cultivate a harmonious school culture as a way of combating school bullying.

Defense Health Care: Research on Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy to Treat Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

injuries that are not combat related. Letter Page 2 GAO-16-154 Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy depression , and suicide. Experts believe...fatigue, visual disturbances, sensitivity to noise, judgment problems, depression , and anxiety. Although the majority of individuals with mild TBI have...suffer from other ailments, such as depression and substance abuse. PTSD is one of the most prevalent mental disorders arising from combat. HBO2

Soldier Performance in Continuous Operations. Administrative Manual for a Briefing and Seminar for Command and Staff Personnel

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-07-01

requirements entails a coordi- nated set of activities 2. Realistic continuous combat training creates a need for integrated scheduling 3. For some...what ways might the performance degradation resulting from continuous combat create unexpected problems in Com- mand coordination? * Uneven performance...visual experiences or hallucinations after 3 since the beginning of time. Man then is the "weak days, they were unable to communicate verbally, their

Demonstration of Heavy Diesel Hybrid Fleet Vehicles

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-29

Refuse 54 Hybrid Launch Assist Truck, Dump 921 Truck, Refrigerator 147 Truck, High Reach, Various 327 Crane, Wheeled, Truck Mounted 250 Truck...Types Medium Tactical Vehicle Rep. (MTVR) 9,069 Line Haul Tractor 5,013 In-Progress; Hybrid Electric System Dump Truck 776 Naval Construction...data. Card readers capture this data at the point of fueling using a specified card reader. Information improved data consistency as compared with

Assessment of combating-desertification strategies using the linear assignment method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hassan Sadeghravesh, Mohammad; Khosravi, Hassan; Ghasemian, Soudeh

2016-04-01

Nowadays desertification, as a global problem, affects many countries in the world, especially developing countries like Iran. With respect to increasing importance of desertification and its complexity, the necessity of attention to the optimal combating-desertification alternatives is essential. Selecting appropriate strategies according to all effective criteria to combat the desertification process can be useful in rehabilitating degraded lands and avoiding degradation in vulnerable fields. This study provides systematic and optimal strategies of combating desertification by use of a group decision-making model. To this end, the preferences of indexes were obtained through using the Delphi model, within the framework of multi-attribute decision making (MADM). Then, priorities of strategies were evaluated by using linear assignment (LA) method. According to the results, the strategies to prevent improper change of land use (A18), development and reclamation of plant cover (A23), and control overcharging of groundwater resources (A31) were identified as the most important strategies for combating desertification in this study area. Therefore, it is suggested that the aforementioned ranking results be considered in projects which control and reduce the effects of desertification and rehabilitate degraded lands.

Preschool Children's Performance in Task Switching on the Dimensional Change Card Sort Task: Separating the Dimensions Aids the Ability to Switch

PubMed Central

Diamond, Adele; Carlson, Stephanie M.; Beck, Danielle M.

2006-01-01

Fifty-seven children (53% female) at 3 ages (2½, 3, and 3½ years) were tested on the standard Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task with integrated stimuli (e.g., a red truck) and on a separated-dimensions version where colorless shapes were presented on a colored background (e.g., a black truck on a red background). Roughly twice as many children successfully switched sorting dimensions when color was a property of the background than when color was a property of the shape itself. Children succeeded 6 months earlier in switching sorting criteria when the dimensions were separated. When evidence of both indecision and accuracy was taken into account, a clear and rich developmental progression emerged. These results support an inhibitory control interpretation of preschoolers' problems on the DCCS task. Diamond theorized that young children can have difficulty integrating features not part of a single object and separating features of a single object so that the object can be categorized first by one attribute and then by another. Preschoolers remain stuck in thinking about objects according to the objects' initially relevant attribute (attentional inertia; Kirkham, Cruess, & Diamond, 2003). To switch perspectives, the old way of thinking about the objects must be inhibited. Separating color and shape reduced the need for such inhibition; a truck was always a truck, and the background was always red. PMID:16144433

The energy consumption and cost savings of truck electrification for heavy duty vocational applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gao, Zhiming; Lin, Zhenhong; Franzese, Oscar

This paper evaluates the application of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and genset plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) to Class-7 local delivery trucks and genset PHEV for Class-8 utility bucket trucks over widely real-world driving data performed by conventional heavy-duty trucks. A simulation tool based on vehicle tractive energy methodology and component efficiency for addressing component and system performance was developed to evaluate the energy consumption and performance of the trucks. As part of this analysis, various battery sizes combined with different charging powers on the E-Trucks for local delivery and utility bucket applications were investigated. The results show that themore » E-Truck applications not only reduce energy consumption but also achieve significant energy cost savings. For delivery E-Trucks, the results show that periodic stops at delivery sites provide sufficient time for battery charging, and for this reason, a high-power charger is not necessary. For utility bucket PHEV trucks, energy consumption per mile of bucket truck operation is typically higher because of longer idling times and extra high idling load associated with heavy utility work. The availability of on-route charging is typically lacking at the work sites of bucket trucks; hence, the battery size of these trucks is somewhat larger than that of the delivery trucks studied.« less

Malnutrition in the UK.

PubMed

Blades, Mabel

2013-05-01

Malnutrition is estimated to cost the UK twice that of obesity every year, but it is still an often overlooked problem. Dr Mabel Blades, a freelance Registered Dietician and Nutritionist, looks at the problems that malnutrition presents and the solutions that we can use to combat it.

Understanding Teacher Stress.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Les; Goodall, Robert

1980-01-01

There are many stress-producing factors in the life of a teacher. While discipline seems to be the major problem, social and personal problems also increase the pressure of daily living. Changing negative attitudes and widening limited perspectives will help to combat the inevitable stress of teaching. (JD)

29 CFR 1910.178 - Powered industrial trucks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., design, maintenance, and use of fork trucks, tractors, platform lift trucks, motorized hand trucks, and... new powered industrial trucks acquired and used by an employer shall meet the design and construction... that the electrical fittings and equipment are so designed, constructed and assembled that the units...

29 CFR 1910.178 - Powered industrial trucks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., design, maintenance, and use of fork trucks, tractors, platform lift trucks, motorized hand trucks, and... new powered industrial trucks acquired and used by an employer shall meet the design and construction... that the electrical fittings and equipment are so designed, constructed and assembled that the units...

29 CFR 1910.178 - Powered industrial trucks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., design, maintenance, and use of fork trucks, tractors, platform lift trucks, motorized hand trucks, and... new powered industrial trucks acquired and used by an employer shall meet the design and construction... that the electrical fittings and equipment are so designed, constructed and assembled that the units...

29 CFR 1910.178 - Powered industrial trucks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., design, maintenance, and use of fork trucks, tractors, platform lift trucks, motorized hand trucks, and... new powered industrial trucks acquired and used by an employer shall meet the design and construction... that the electrical fittings and equipment are so designed, constructed and assembled that the units...

29 CFR 1910.178 - Powered industrial trucks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., design, maintenance, and use of fork trucks, tractors, platform lift trucks, motorized hand trucks, and... new powered industrial trucks acquired and used by an employer shall meet the design and construction... that the electrical fittings and equipment are so designed, constructed and assembled that the units...

The unsafe driving acts of motorists in the vicinity of large trucks

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-11-01

In 1996 large trucks composed 8% of all vehicles involved in fatal crashes; however, truck-involved crashes resulted in 12% of the total fatalities. Occupants of large trucks compose only 14% of the fatalities resulting from fatal truck crashes; 86% ...

U.S. truck driver anthropometric study and multivariate anthropometric models for cab designs.

PubMed

Guan, Jinhua; Hsiao, Hongwei; Bradtmiller, Bruce; Kau, Tsui-Ying; Reed, Matthew R; Jahns, Steven K; Loczi, Josef; Hardee, H Lenora; Piamonte, Dominic Paul T

2012-10-01

This study presents data from a large-scale anthropometric study of U.S. truck drivers and the multivariate anthropometric models developed for the design of next-generation truck cabs. Up-to-date anthropometric information of the U.S. truck driver population is needed for the design of safe and ergonomically efficient truck cabs. We collected 35 anthropometric dimensions for 1,950 truck drivers (1,779 males and 171 females) across the continental United States using a sampling plan designed to capture the appropriate ethnic, gender, and age distributions of the truck driver population. Truck drivers are heavier than the U.S.general population, with a difference in mean body weight of 13.5 kg for males and 15.4 kg for females. They are also different in physique from the U.S. general population. In addition, the current truck drivers are heavier and different in physique compared to their counterparts of 25 to 30 years ago. The data obtained in this study provide more accurate anthropometric information for cab designs than do the current U.S. general population data or truck driver data collected 25 to 30 years ago. Multivariate anthropometric models, spanning 95% of the current truck driver population on the basis of a set of 12 anthropometric measurements, have been developed to facilitate future cab designs. The up-to-date truck driver anthropometric data and multivariate anthropometric models will benefit the design of future truck cabs which, in turn, will help promote the safety and health of the U.S. truck drivers.

Impact of left lane truck restriction strategies on multilane highways in Louisiana : a literature review.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-04-01

Truck lane restriction strategies (TLRS) are a means of managing truck traffic on highways by prohibiting trucks from using certain lanes to minimize interaction between trucks and other vehicles. The purpose of this study is to review the literature...

Disordered eating and weight changes after deployment: longitudinal assessment of a large US military cohort.

PubMed

Jacobson, Isabel G; Smith, Tyler C; Smith, Besa; Keel, Pamela K; Amoroso, Paul J; Wells, Timothy S; Bathalon, Gaston P; Boyko, Edward J; Ryan, Margaret A K

2009-02-15

The effect of military deployments to combat environments on disordered eating and weight changes is unknown. Using longitudinal data from Millennium Cohort Study participants who completed baseline (2001-2003) and follow-up (2004-2006) questionnaires (n=48,378), the authors investigated new-onset disordered eating and weight changes in a large military cohort. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare these outcomes among those who deployed and reported combat exposures, those who deployed but did not report combat exposures, and those who did not deploy in support of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Deployment was not significantly associated with new-onset disordered eating in women or men, after adjustment for baseline demographic, military, and behavioral characteristics. However, in subgroup comparison analyses of deployers, deployed women reporting combat exposures were 1.78 times more likely to report new-onset disordered eating (95% confidence interval: 1.02, 3.11) and 2.35 times more likely to lose 10% or more of their body weight compared with women who deployed but did not report combat exposures (95% confidence interval: 1.17, 4.70). Despite no significant overall association between deployment and disordered eating and weight changes, deployed women reporting combat exposures represent a subgroup at higher risk for developing eating problems and weight loss.

Truck and Transport Mechanic. Occupational Analyses Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McRory, Aline; Ally, Mohamed

This analysis covers tasks performed by a truck and transport mechanic, an occupational title some provinces and territories of Canada have also identified as commercial transport vehicle mechanic; transport truck mechanic; truck and coach technician; and truck and transport service technician. A guide to analysis discusses development, structure,…

Dump truck-related deaths in construction, 1992-2007.

PubMed

McCann, Michael; Cheng, Mei-Tai

2012-05-01

Dump trucks are universally used in construction and other industries to haul materials to the location and to remove waste materials. The source for dump truck-related fatality data was the Bureau of Labor Statistics Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) Research File. From 1992 to 2007, 829 construction workers were killed in dump truck-related incidents nationwide. Of those, 336 were dump truck operators with 215 deaths occurring in street and highway incidents. Another 343 deaths involved workers on foot, three-quarters struck by dump trucks. Sixty-four of the construction workers killed were maintaining dump trucks, 22 when caught between the truck frame and a falling dump truck bed. Of the 86 other deaths, 55 involved streets and highways. Recommendations include: (i) improving the reporting of seat belt usage in fatality reports; (ii) requiring use of seat belts; (iii) requiring the use of backup alarms, spotters, or other methods to alert dump truck operators to workers in their blind spots; (iv) prohibiting direct dumping at river banks and embankments; (v) using cameras or radar to enforce stopping at railway crossings; and (xi) enforcing worker safety practices (e.g., lockout/tagout procedures on elevated dump truck beds). Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Approaches of truck drivers and non-truck drivers toward reckless on-road behavior.

PubMed

Rosenbloom, Tova; Eldror, Ehud; Shahar, Amit

2009-07-01

The purpose of the study was to compare the reported approaches of truck drivers to those of non-truck drivers toward reckless on-road behaviors. One hundred and sixty-seven adult males, including 70 non-truck drivers, completed the questionnaires voluntarily. The truck drivers were employees of a concrete manufacturing company working at various company plants throughout Israel. Seventy were professional mixer truckers and 27 were tip-truckers. The participants completed the Reckless Driving Self-Report Scale based on Taubman Ben-Ari et al. [Taubman Ben-Ari, O., Florian, V., Mikulincer, M., 1999. The impact of mortality salience on reckless driving: a test of terror management mechanisms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76, 35-45], adapted for truck drivers for this study. It was expected that non-professional, as compared to professional (truck) drivers, would be more permissive regarding reckless driving, since driving risks are less prominent in their daily driving experience. An ANOVA performed on mean reckless-driving scores yielded significant results. The post hoc Schéffe test indicated significantly higher reckless-driving scores for automobile drivers as compared to both mixer-truck driver scores and tip-truck driver scores. In addition, the reckless-driving scores for mixer-truck drivers were significantly higher than the tip-truck driver scores. We discuss various explanations for the findings and consider possible implications for training strategies in organizations as well as for media campaigns focused on mutual safe road use of truck drivers and private vehicle drivers.

Alcohol control in Virginia : planning documents for use by agencies of the Commonwealth.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-01-01

The Governor's Task Force to Combat Drunk Driving was created to confront the problem of drunken driving in Virginia, and to ascertain Virginia's current efforts to address this problem so that these efforts could be assessed and appropriate changes ...

A Methodology for Validation of High Resolution Combat Models

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-06-01

TELEOLOGICAL PROBLEM ................................ 7 C. EPISTEMOLOGICAL PROBLEM ............................. 8 D. UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE...theoretical issues. "The Teleological Problem"--How a model by its nature formulates an explicit cause-and-effect relationship that excludes other...34experts" in establishing the standard for reality. Generalization from personal experience is often hampered by the parochial aspects of the

The SWATH Concept: Designing Superior Operability into a Surface Displacement Ship

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-12-01

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 140 REFERENCES 141 —^f* • ■ " mil,. .„.. • LIST OF FIGURES Page 1 — Artist’s Concept of a 4000-Ton ", WATH Combatant 4 2 ~ The...the design process for SWATH combatants is iterative. At either the feasibility or conceptual stage, the designer starts with a "reasonable" hull...parameters, the multitude of design factors and innumerable combinations thereof constitute a difficult synthesis problem. Because they are

Engineering an Undergarment for Flash/Flame Protection

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-11-01

the event of a flash fire situation because the fabric could melt and stick to the Soldier’s skin causing more severe burn injury. Additionally, an...harm’s way which include fire fighters and police in their daily work. 1.1 Problem Statement The threat of burn injuries to Soldiers in combat due...to blasts, flash fires and secondary fires has resulted in the development of the Flame Resistant Army Combat Uniform, FR ACU. The FR ACUs provide

Worksite nutrition supports and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption.

PubMed

Hipp, J A; Becker, H V; Marx, C M; Tabak, R G; Brownson, R C; Yang, L

2016-06-01

This study examined the link between worksite environmental supports for nutrition behaviours and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and offers insight into potential intervention points for reducing SSB consumption and combatting overweight and obesity. Perceived worksite supports for healthy nutrition and self-reported SSB consumption were analysed for 2,015 working adults in the state of Missouri using a subset of questions from the Supports at Home and Work for Maintaining Energy Balance (SHOW-ME) study. Employees' use of vending facilities and the availability of water coolers/water bottles was significantly associated with increased SSB consumption, while use of cafeterias was significantly associated with decreased SSB consumption. Symbols or signs to identify healthy alternatives were significantly associated with sports drink consumption. This study supports previous work indicating the worksite as a necessary environment for nutrition interventions. When choices (vending and cafeteria) are provided, employees report making healthier decisions. For worksites without cafeterias, alternatives should be explored including mobile food trucks and farmer's markets.

Worksite nutrition supports and sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption

PubMed Central

Becker, H. V.; Marx, C. M.; Tabak, R. G.; Brownson, R. C.; Yang, L.

2016-01-01

Summary Objective This study examined the link between worksite environmental supports for nutrition behaviours and sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and offers insight into potential intervention points for reducing SSB consumption and combatting overweight and obesity. Methods Perceived worksite supports for healthy nutrition and self‐reported SSB consumption were analysed for 2,015 working adults in the state of Missouri using a subset of questions from the Supports at Home and Work for Maintaining Energy Balance (SHOW‐ME) study. Results Employees' use of vending facilities and the availability of water coolers/water bottles was significantly associated with increased SSB consumption, while use of cafeterias was significantly associated with decreased SSB consumption. Symbols or signs to identify healthy alternatives were significantly associated with sports drink consumption. Conclusions This study supports previous work indicating the worksite as a necessary environment for nutrition interventions. When choices (vending and cafeteria) are provided, employees report making healthier decisions. For worksites without cafeterias, alternatives should be explored including mobile food trucks and farmer's markets. PMID:29071097

Mobile TNA system to detect explosives and drugs concealed in cars and trucks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bendahan, Joseph; Gozani, Tsahi

1998-12-01

The drug problem in the U.S. is serious and efforts to fight it are constrained by the lack of adequate means to curb the inflow of smuggled narcotics into the country through cargo containers. Also, events such as the disastrous explosion in Oklahoma City, the IRA bombing in London, and the bombing of the U.S. military residence in Dharan make the development of new tools for the detection of explosives and drugs in vehicles imperative. Thermal neutron analysis (TNA) technology, developed for the detection of explosives in suitcases, and detection of landmines and unexploded ordnance is presently being applied to the nonintrusive detection of significant amounts of explosives and drugs concealed in cars, trucks and large cargo containers. TNA technology is based on the analysis of characteristic gamma rays emitted following thermal neutron capture. A TNA system can be used in a variety of operational scenarios, such as inspection before an unloaded cargo container from a spit is moved to temporary storage, inspection of trucks unloaded from a ferry, or inspection of vehicles parked close to Federal building or military bases. This paper will discuss the detection process and operational scenarios, and will present results from recent simulations and measurements.

Towards a Research Agenda for Cyber Friendly Fire

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Greitzer, Frank L.; Clements, Samuel L.; Carroll, Thomas E.

Historical assessments of combat fratricide reveal principal contributing factors in the effects of stress, degradation of skills due to continuous operations or sleep deprivation, poor situation awareness, and lack of training and discipline in offensive/defense response selection. While these problems are typically addressed in R&D focusing on traditional ground-based combat, there is also an emerging need for improving situation awareness and decision making on defensive/offensive response options in the cyber defense arena, where a mistaken response to an actual or perceived cyber attack could lead to destruction or compromise of friendly cyber assets. The purpose of this report is tomore » examine cognitive factors that may affect cyber situation awareness and describe possible research needs to reduce the likelihood and effects of "friendly cyber fire" on cyber defenses, information infrastructures, and data. The approach is to examine concepts and methods that have been described in research applied to the more traditional problem of mitigating the occurrence of combat identification and fratricide. Application domains of interest include cyber security defense against external or internal (insider) threats.« less

75 FR 20396 - Yale Industrial Trucks-PGH, Inc. Monroeville, PA; Notice of Negative Determination Regarding...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-19

... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration [TA-W-71,634] Yale Industrial Trucks... Industrial Trucks-PGH, Inc., Monroeville, Pennsylvania, was based on the findings that: The subject firm had not shifted abroad forklift truck sales and maintenance services or imported forklift truck sales and...

Equipment Selection by using Fuzzy TOPSIS Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yavuz, Mahmut

2016-10-01

In this study, Fuzzy TOPSIS method was performed for the selection of open pit truck and the optimal solution of the problem was investigated. Data from Turkish Coal Enterprises was used in the application of the method. This paper explains the Fuzzy TOPSIS approaches with group decision-making application in an open pit coal mine in Turkey. An algorithm of the multi-person multi-criteria decision making with fuzzy set approach was applied an equipment selection problem. It was found that Fuzzy TOPSIS with a group decision making is a method that may help decision-makers in solving different decision-making problems in mining.

Technology transfer in New York City - The NASA/NYC Applications Project.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Karen, A.; Orrick, D.; Anuskiewicz, T.

1973-01-01

New York City faces many varied and complex problems ranging from truck hijacking to graffiti. In answer to a request from NYC officials NASA is sponsoring the efforts of a project aimed at applying aerospace-derived solutions to a series of city technical problems. An immediate result has been a pilot experiment to improve security in the City's schools. Other problem areas for NASA review have been selected from the Fire, Police and Air Resources Departments. The Project offers a significant example of a viable approach to the crucial process of bridging the communications gap between urban officials and technologists.

Types of injuries among Polish soldiers and civilian staff in the 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th rotation of the Afghan stabilization mission

PubMed Central

Ziemba, Radosław

2012-01-01

Summary Background The Afghan military theatre is specifically marked by guerilla operations and massive use of IEDs (improvised explosive devices) that pose new types of threats for their victims. At the same time, the relevant literature contains only a single, fragmentary analysis on injuries suffered by soldiers serving in the Afghan mission. Material/Methods This is a review of medical reports of the Polish Military Contingent deployed within Operation Enduring Freedom, from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2011; the analysis includes all cases of combat and non-combat injuries in terms of their causes. Results In the period under analysis, 380 Polish soldiers were reported injured; 87.1% of cases were combat and 12.9% non-combat injuries. The structure of injuries caused as a result of IED explosions was dominated by multiple limb injuries, associated most frequently with severe body cavities/spine injuries. In the case of other incidents, both combat and non-combat, the predominant consequences were single and, most commonly, less severe injuries. The average number of injuries suffered from IED attacks (3.37) was significantly higher than the number of injuries from other attacks (1.16), and higher than the number of non-combat injuries (1.43). Conclusions IED attacks pose a serious medical problem, considering their high number and the severity of injuries they cause. PMID:22367143

Imagining intergroup contact can combat mental health stigma by reducing anxiety, avoidance and negative stereotyping.

PubMed

Stathi, Sofia; Tsantila, Katerina; Crisp, Richard J

2012-01-01

Research has demonstrated widespread negative attitudes held toward people with mental health problems. Our study investigated whether a new prejudice reduction technique, imagined intergroup contact (Crisp & Turner, 2009), could combat stigma against people with mental illness, and the mediating processes through which it may exert this beneficial effect. We found that compared to a control condition, participants who imagined a positive encounter with a schizophrenic person reported weakened stereotypes and formed stronger intentions to engage in future social interactions with schizophrenic people in general. Importantly, these intentions were formed due to reduced feelings of anxiety about future interactions. We discuss the implications of these findings for improving the social inclusion of people with mental health problems.

Talking with juvenile offenders about gay males and lesbians: implications for combating homophobia.

PubMed

Van de Ven, P

1995-01-01

Violence against gay males and lesbians, much of it perpetrated by young people, has emerged as a significant social problem. Thirty-one juvenile offenders were asked a series of structured questions in order to elucidate the functions their attitudes toward homosexuals serve. In addition, responses were examined for evidence of social-structural and cognitive variables which mediate offending behaviors. Juvenile offenders were found to hold attitudes toward homosexuals characterized by negativity, ambivalence, and defensiveness. These attitudes were maintained by particular myths and stereotypes about gay and lesbian culture, and were related to Opportunism, Impulsivity, Role-Taking Inability, and Disabilities in Social Problem Solving. Specific recommendations for combating homophobic attitudes and behaviors in juvenile offender populations are discussed.

Some Theoretical Aspects of Nonzero Sum Differential Games and Applications to Combat Problems

DTIC Science & Technology

1971-06-01

the Equilibrium Solution . 7 Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Partial Differential Equations ............. .............. 9 Influence Function Differential...Linearly .......... ............ 18 Problem Statement .......... ............ 18 Formulation of LJB Equations, Influence Function Equations and the TPBVP...19 Control Lawe . . .. ...... ........... 21 Conditions for Influence Function Continuity along Singular Surfaces

Social action for health: emerging perspectives for health education.

PubMed

Dhillon, H S

1992-01-01

Most of the world's major health problems and premature deaths are preventable. Health technology and scientific knowledge exists to combat health problems at an affordable cost. And, health education is recognized as a viable public health intervention and a vitally important means of addressing health challenges.

Truck Choice Modeling: Understanding California's Transition to Zero-Emission Vehicle Trucks Taking into Account Truck Technologies, Costs, and Fleet Decision Behavior

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-11-01

This report presents the results of a project to develop a truck vehicle/fuel decision choice model for California and to use that model to make initial projections of truck sales by technology out to 2050. The report also describes the linkage of th...

75 FR 11120 - Hand Trucks and Certain Parts Thereof from the People's Republic of China: Final Results of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-10

... specifically to transport golf bags; and wheels and tires used in the manufacture of hand trucks. The written... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-570-891] Hand Trucks and Certain... sunset review of the antidumping duty order on hand trucks and certain parts thereof (hand trucks) from...

Underride safety protection: benefit-cost assessment of rear-impact guards for the North Dakota farm truck fleet.

PubMed

Vachal, Kimberly; Tumuhairwe, Esther K; Berwick, Mark

2009-04-01

The North Dakota Legislature recently passed a law exempting the state's agricultural truck fleet from a federal safety program requirement for rear-guard equipment on large trucks. This equipment has been shown to reduce crash severity when a passenger vehicle collides with the rear of the truck. This study uses truck fleet, truck crash, and injury severity data to estimate the public safety benefit derived from passenger-vehicle underride protection during rear-end crashes involving large agricultural trucks in North Dakota. A benefit-cost analysis of crash injury avoidance is developed based on the frequency and severity of rear-end truck collisions in North Dakota between 2001 and 2007. The injury avoidance benefits and commercial vehicle safety grant benefits are estimated to be $11.4 to $20.2 million during the seven-year depreciable truck life. The public safety benefits for rear-impact guards are higher than the estimated lifetime cost for the equipment and maintenance of $8.1 million.

Prospects of development of land driverless trucks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bakhmutov, S.; Saykin, A.; Endachev, D.; Evgrafov, V.; Shagurin, A.; Kulikov, I.; Fedoseev, K.

2018-02-01

The paper is dedicated to the problem of creation and efficient use of driverless trucks. It also contains general analysis of foreign experience and development trends. The concept of FSUE “NAMI” for development of a platoon of driverless trucks for cargo transportation between specialized terminals on public roads is provided. A road train with virtual couplings where the lead vehicle has a driver and the rest are driverless is proposed as a base for the driverless platoon. The platoon is formed by such road trains, which ensures extended functional features, including the possibility to form platoons of road trains from different logistics centers and with different destinations, quick reforming of the platoon in the logistics centers, possibility to split the platoon when driving on public roads, higher precision of control over the platoon during driving, etc. It is also shown that in order to improve the efficiency of cargo transportation, driverless cargo platforms (trucks) shall be designed without a cabin. The paper also considers the ways to reduce the price of driverless trucks by creating a special road infrastructure, which will allow transfer of the most expensive subsystems of driverless vehicles to such infrastructure. Upon that, the following subsystems will remain within the driverless chassis: navigation, communication, chassis control and ADAS. It is noted that creation of such infrastructure will require high investments, therefore, gradual implementation of such systems is seen as rational. It is shown that the most appropriate area for these purposes is transregional cargo transportation. It is noted that the economic reasons for implementation of the proposed concept are as follows: significant reduction of the number of drivers; significant simplification of the driverless platform control system and reduction of the price of subsystems; no need for the driver’s cabin within the driverless platform; fuel economy when driving within a platoon. Power unit options for driverless cargo platforms are investigated and the reasons for selection of a particular power unit are given.

Peak exposures to main components of ash and gaseous diesel exhausts in closed and open ash loading stations at biomass-fuelled power plants.

PubMed

Laitinen, Juha; Koponen, Hanna; Sippula, Olli; Korpijärvi, Kirsi; Jumpponen, Mika; Laitinen, Sirpa; Aatamila, Marjaleena; Tissari, Jarkko; Karhunen, Tommi; Ojanen, Kari; Jokiniemi, Jorma; Korpinen, Leena

2017-10-01

Fly and bottom ashes are collected at power plants to reduce the environmental effects of energy production. However, handling the ashes causes health problems for operators, maintenance workers and truck drivers at the power plants. Hence, we evaluated ash loaders' peak inhalation exposures to the chemical components of ash and diesel exhausts in open and closed ash loading stations at biomass-fuelled combined heat and power plants. We also carried out chemical and morphological analyses of the ashes to evaluate their health hazard potential in order to find practical technical measures to reduce workers' exposure. On the basis of X-ray diffraction analyses, the main respirable crystalline ash compounds were SiO 2 , CaSO 4 , CaO, Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 7 , NaCl and Ca 3 Al 2 O 6 in the fly ashes and SiO 2 , KAlSi 3 O 8 , NaAlSi 3 O 8 and Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 7 in the bottom ashes. The short-term exposure levels of respirable crystalline silica, inhalable inorganic dust, Cr, Mn, Ni and nitric oxide exceeded their Finnish eight hours occupational exposure limit values in the closed ash loading station. According to our observations, more attention should be paid to the ash-moistening process, the use of tank trucks instead of open cassette flatbed trucks, and the sealing of the loading line from the silo to the truck which would prevent spreading the ash into the air. The idling time of diesel trucks should also be limited, and ash loading stations should be equipped with exhaust gas ventilators. If working conditions make it impossible to keep to the OEL values, workers must use respirators and protect their eyes and skin. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Vehicle to vehicle communications for trucks.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-01-01

The trucking industry is a critical component of American commerce. The American : Trucking Association estimates that over 80 percent of U.S. communities depend : exclusively on trucking for delivery of their goods and commodities

United States Air Force Academy: A Bibliography 2011-2015

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-11-23

Tactical Arms Training with the Cadet Combat Shooting Team." Checkpoints 39.4 (March 2011): 18-23. Print. 703. Do, James J., et al. "Gender Bias and...34 Checkpoints 41.3 (December 2012): 30-35. Print. 753. ---. "The Line of Fire: Tactical Arms Training with the Cadet Combat Shooting Team." Checkpoints...June 2013): 18-22. Print. 831. Thomas, Bill. " Hearts and Bones: There Was a Problem with the Last Burial in the Tomb of the Unknowns: The Soldier

Minimum required capture radius in a coplanar model of the aerial combat problem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Breakwell, J. V.; Merz, A. W.

1977-01-01

Coplanar aerial combat is modeled with constant speeds and specified turn rates. The minimum capture radius which will always permit capture, regardless of the initial conditions, is calculated. This 'critical' capture radius is also the maximum range which the evader can guarantee indefinitely if the initial range, for example, is large. A composite barrier is constructed which gives the boundary, at any heading, of relative positions for which the capture radius is less than critical.

Postconcussive Symptom Reporting Among US Combat Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury From Operation Iraqi Freedom

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

memory problems (OR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.20-2.88), tinnitus (OR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.10-2.41), and dizziness (OR = 2.13; 95% CI = 1.06-4.29) compared with...consequences among combat veterans even when accounting for co-occurring psychological morbidity. The identification of postconcussive symptoms related to...Research Center, San Diego, California. This work was supported by the US Navy Bureau of Medicine under the Wounded, Ill and Injured/ Psychological Health

An Analysis of Hospitalization Length of Stay Within a Multi-Echelon System of Care During Combat Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-09-22

Respiratory system Bronchitis 3107 660 5.2% 1.1% 7.0 8.0 13.2 20.1 20.7 28.2 Digestive system Gastroenteritis and colitis exc. ulcer , of noninf...distribution is unlimited. Summary Problem The medical resources needed to support combat operations are dependent upon the time patients spend within...of patients seen at each level of care is an essential component of efficient resource planning. Objective To obtain summary length of stay

Electric urban delivery trucks: energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and cost-effectiveness.

PubMed

Lee, Dong-Yeon; Thomas, Valerie M; Brown, Marilyn A

2013-07-16

We compare electric and diesel urban delivery trucks in terms of life-cycle energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and total cost of ownership (TCO). The relative benefits of electric trucks depend heavily on vehicle efficiency associated with drive cycle, diesel fuel price, travel demand, electric drive battery replacement and price, electricity generation and transmission efficiency, electric truck recharging infrastructure, and purchase price. For a drive cycle with frequent stops and low average speed such as the New York City Cycle (NYCC), electric trucks emit 42-61% less GHGs and consume 32-54% less energy than diesel trucks, depending upon vehicle efficiency cases. Over an array of possible conditions, the median TCO of electric trucks is 22% less than that of diesel trucks on the NYCC. For a drive cycle with less frequent stops and high average speed such as the City-Suburban Heavy Vehicle Cycle (CSHVC), electric trucks emit 19-43% less GHGs and consume 5-34% less energy, but cost 1% more than diesel counterparts. Considering current and projected U.S. regional electricity generation mixes, for the baseline case, the energy use and GHG emissions ratios of electric to diesel trucks range from 48 to 82% and 25 to 89%, respectively.

What`s available in industrial vehicles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Holzhauer, R.

A large assortment of material handling vehicles are available for transporting and lifting products. Equipment is offered with electric (battery) and internal combustion power, operator walking alongside or riding, and inside or outside applications. Factors such as load capacity, turning radius, aisle width, travel speed, lifting height, controls, and cost also enter the selection equation. The various types of vehicles serving the industrial truck market are broken into seven classes, according to guidelines established by the Industrial Truck Association (ITA). This association deals with issues of common interests to manufacturers of fork lifts, tow tractors, rough terrain vehicles, hand palletmore » trucks, automated guided vehicles, and their suppliers; develops voluntary engineering practices; and collects and disseminates statistical information relating to the industrial truck marketplace. The seven classes are: Electric Motor Rider Trucks; Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks; Electric Motor Hand Trucks; Internal Combustion Engine Trucks, cushion tired; Internal Combustion Engine Trucks, pneumatic tired; Electric and Internal Combustion Engine Tractors; and Rough Terrain Fork Lift Trucks. The following pages present a descriptive and pictorial overview of the equipment available in the first five vehicle classes. The last two categories are not covered because of their limited industrial use.« less

Assessing crash risk considering vehicle interactions with trucks using point detector data.

PubMed

Hyun, Kyung Kate; Jeong, Kyungsoo; Tok, Andre; Ritchie, Stephen G

2018-03-12

Trucks have distinct driving characteristics in general traffic streams such as lower speeds and limitations in acceleration and deceleration. As a consequence, vehicles keep longer headways or frequently change lane when they follow a truck, which is expected to increase crash risk. This study introduces several traffic measures at the individual vehicle level to capture vehicle interactions between trucks and non-trucks and analyzed how the measures affect crash risk under different traffic conditions. The traffic measures were developed using headways obtained from Inductive Loop Detectors (ILDs). In addition, a truck detection algorithm using a Gaussian Mixture (GM) model was developed to identify trucks and to estimate truck exposure from ILD data. Using the identified vehicle types from the GM model, vehicle interaction metrics were categorized into three groups based on the combination of leading and following vehicle types. The effects of the proposed traffic measures on crash risk were modeled in two different cases of prior- and non-crash using a case-control approach utilizing a conditional logistic regression. Results showed that the vehicle interactions between the leading and following vehicle types were highly associated with crash risk, and further showed different impacts on crash risk by traffic conditions. Specifically, crashes were more likely to occur when a truck following a non-truck had shorter average headway but greater headway variance in heavy traffic while a non-truck following a truck had greater headway variance in light traffic. This study obtained meaningful conclusions that vehicle interactions involved with trucks were significantly related to the crash likelihood rather than the measures that estimate average traffic condition such as total volume or average headway of the traffic stream. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Heavy truck casualty collisions, 2001-2005

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-04-01

This document reviews casualty collisions (fatalities and injuries) involving heavy trucks in Canada : from 2001 to 2005. Collisions involving heavy trucks include all vehicles in these collisions, such as : passenger cars, light trucks and vans, hea...

49 CFR 523.9 - Truck tractors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION § 523.9 Truck tractors. Truck tractors for the purpose of this part are considered as any truck tractor as defined in 49 CFR part 571 having a GVWR above 26,000...

Truck trip generation data

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-01-01

The increased importance of truck activity in both transportation engineering and planning : has created a need for truck-oriented analytical tools. A particular planning need is for trip : generation data that can be used to estimate truck traffic p...

Carcinogenicity and teratogenicity vs. psychogenicity: Psychological characteristics associated with self-reported Agent Orange exposure among Vietnam combat veterans who seek treatment for substance abuse

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Robinowitz, R.; Roberts, W.R.; Dolan, M.P.

1989-09-01

This study asked, What are the psychological characteristics of Vietnam combat veterans who claim Agent Orange exposure when compared with combat-experienced cohorts who do not report such contamination The question was researched among 153 heroin addicts, polydrug abusers, and chronic alcoholics who were seeking treatment: 58 reported moderate to high defoliant exposure while in combat; 95 reported minimal to no exposure while in Vietnam. The null hypothesis was accepted for measures of childhood and present family social climate, premilitary backgrounds, reasons for seeking treatment, patterns and types of illicit drug and alcohol use, interpersonal problems, intellectual functioning, and short-term memory.more » The null hypothesis was rejected for personality differences, however, those who self-reported high Agent Orange exposure scored significantly higher on MMPI scales F, Hypochondriasis, Depression, Paranoia, Psychasthenia, Schizophrenia, Mania, and Social interoversion. The results suggest that clinicians carefully assess attributional processing of those who report traumatic experience.« less

Mediation and Moderation of the Relationship Between Combat Experiences and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Active Duty Military Personnel.

PubMed

Steele, Marshall; Germain, Anne; Campbell, Justin S

2017-05-01

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a major health concern among the U.S. military population, affecting up to 12% to 24% of veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. Sleep disturbances, neuroticism, and childhood trauma have all been associated with the development of PTSD in military populations, especially in relation to combat experiences. The effects of disrupted sleep and post-traumatic stress can affect the physical well-being of soldier and sailors in the field and impact them for years after deployment. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between self-reported measures of combat experiences, PTSD symptoms, sleep, neuroticism, and childhood adversity in an active duty military population. 972 U.S. Navy Sailors serving in Afghanistan were given anonymous surveys that assess scales of combat stressors, PTSD symptoms, sleep problems, neuroticism, adverse child experiences (ACEs), and other covariates. Sleep disturbances were hypothesized as moderators, having an indirect effect on the relationship between combat experiences and PTSD symptoms. Neuroticism scores and ACEs were proposed as moderators of the combat-PTSD symptom relationship. Mediation and moderation models were developed and tested using logistic regressions. Increased number of combat experiences was found to be a significant predictor of PTSD, even when adjusting for all covariates (p < 0.05). Consistent with partial mediation, nightmares had an indirect effect on the relationship between combat experiences and PTSD symptoms in the final model (path coefficient = 0.233, 95% confidence interval = 0.036, 0.483). Neuroticism was an independent predictor of PTSD symptoms (p < 0.001), but the interaction of combat and neuroticism did not predict symptoms of PTSD. ACEs did not have a significant impact in the model as either an independent predictor or a moderating factor. These results indicate that the presence of nightmares may partially explain how traumatic combat experiences lead to the development of PTSD. The study also reaffirms neuroticism as risk factor for developing PTSD symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of sleep hygiene and operational stress models in combat situations and may help stress control professionals address risk factors associated with PTSD symptoms. Reprint & Copyright © 2017 Association of Military Surgeons of the U.S.

Beating the Apple Tree: How the University Coerces Activism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thorne, Ashley

2010-01-01

Universities in the United States are increasingly trading their academic mission for a social mission. They see themselves as responsible for contributing to solutions for the great problems of today. These conscience-troubling problems include racism, the unequal distribution of wealth, and impending environmental catastrophe. To combat these…

Using Approximate Dynamic Programming to Solve the Stochastic Demand Military Inventory Routing Problem with Direct Delivery

DTIC Science & Technology

due to the dangers of utilizing convoy operations. However, enemy actions, austere conditions, and inclement weather pose a significant risk to a...squares temporal differencing for policy evaluation. We construct a representative problem instance based on an austere combat environment in order to

A comparative study on per capita waste generation according to a waste collecting system in Korea.

PubMed

Oh, Jung Hwan; Lee, Eui-Jong; Oh, Jeong Ik; Kim, Jong-Oh; Jang, Am

2016-04-01

As cities are becoming increasingly aware of problems related to conventional mobile collection systems, automated pipeline-based vacuum collection (AVAC) systems have been introduced in some densely populated urban areas. The reasons are that in addition to cost savings, AVAC systems can be efficient, hygienic, and environmentally friendly. Despite difficulties in making direct comparisons of municipal waste between a conventional mobile collection system and an AVAC system, it is meaningful to measure the quantities in each of these collection methods either in total or on a per capita generation of waste (PCGW, g/(day*capita)) basis. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the difference in per capita generation of household waste according to the different waste collection methods in Korea. Observations on household waste show that there were considerable differences according to waste collection methods. The value of per capita generation of food waste (PCGF) indicates that a person in a city using AVAC produces 60 % of PCGF (109.58 g/(day*capita)), on average, compared with that of a truck system (173.10 g/(day*capita)) as well as 23 %p less moisture component than that with trucks. The value of per capita generation of general waste (PCGG) in a city with an AVAC system showed 147.73 g/(day*capita), which is 20 % less than that with trucks delivered (185 g/(day*capita)). However, general waste sampled from AVAC showed a 35 %p increased moisture content versus truck delivery.

Sudden illness while driving a vehicle--a retrospective analysis of commercial drivers in Japan.

PubMed

Hitosugi, Masahito; Gomei, Sayaka; Okubo, Takao; Tokudome, Shogo

2012-01-01

We performed a retrospective analysis of commercial drivers to clarify the background of incidents of sudden illness while driving. The analysis used reports submitted by employers to the Japan Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism regarding commercial drivers who had been ordered to stop driving owing to health problems. Of 211 cases with an average work history of 15.2 years, there were 88 bus drivers, 70 taxi drivers, and 53 truck drivers, 36.0% of who had died as a result of their disease. Among taxi and truck drivers, more than 70% of incidents were due to cardiac, aortic, and cerebrovascular disease. More than 80% of these were unable to avoid traffic accidents caused by sudden illness. However, among bus drivers, cardiac, aortic, and cerebrovascular disease accounted for only 23.5% of incidents, and accidents were avoided in more than half of the cases. The duration between starting work and the incident time was significantly shorter among bus drivers [mean 3.3 hours, standard deviation (SD) 3.1] than taxi (7.7 hours, SD 5.8) and truck (7.2 hours, SD 6.3) drivers (P<0.01). The difference between the sudden illness rates of taxi and truck drivers and those of bus drivers is due to both reporting bias and differences in the awareness needed to prevent disabling events while driving. As a precaution, physicians should advise commercial drivers to stop driving as soon as they detect slight discomfort. To prevent accidents, more assertive health promotion aimed at professional drivers is needed.

Mental health status of Sri Lanka Navy personnel three years after end of combat operations: a follow up study.

PubMed

Hanwella, Raveen; Jayasekera, Nicholas E L W; de Silva, Varuni A

2014-01-01

The main aim of this study was to assess the mental health status of the Navy Special Forces and regular forces three and a half years after the end of combat operations in mid 2009, and compare it with the findings in 2009. This cross sectional study was carried out in the Sri Lanka Navy (SLN), three and a half years after the end of combat operations. Representative samples of SLN Special Forces and regular forces deployed in combat areas were selected using simple random sampling. Only personnel who had served continuously in combat areas during the one year period prior to the end of combat operations were included in the study. The sample consisted of 220 Special Forces and 275 regular forces personnel. Compared to regular forces a significantly higher number of Special Forces personnel had experienced potentially traumatic events. Compared to the period immediately after end of combat operations, in the Special Forces, prevalence of psychological distress and fatigue showed a marginal increase while hazardous drinking and multiple physical symptoms showed a marginal decrease. In the regular forces, the prevalence of psychological distress, fatigue and multiple somatic symptoms declined and prevalence of hazardous drinking increased from 16.5% to 25.7%. During the same period prevalence of smoking doubled in both Special Forces and regular forces. Prevalence of PTSD reduced from 1.9% in Special Forces to 0.9% and in the regular forces from 2.07% to 1.1%. Three and a half years after the end of combat operations mental health problems have declined among SLN regular forces while there was no significant change among Special Forces. Hazardous drinking among regular forces and smoking among both Special Forces and regular forces have increased.

The Causes of Logging Truck Delays on Two West Virginia Logging Operations

Treesearch

John E. Baumgras

1978-01-01

Logging truck downtime increases timber harvesting costs. To determine the extent and causes of truck delays, four logging trucks on two separate operations were monitored for a 7-month period by recording speedometers and with tallies of delay causes. The results show the number of truck delays per shift, their duration, and the total delay time per shift for eight...

Effects of Particle Filters and Accelerated Engine Replacement on Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle Emissions of Black Carbon, Nitrogen Oxides, and Ultrafine Particles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kirchstetter, T.; Preble, C.; Dallmann, T. R.; DeMartini, S. J.; Tang, N. W.; Kreisberg, N. M.; Hering, S. V.; Harley, R. A.

2013-12-01

Diesel particle filters have become widely used in the United States since the introduction in 2007 of a more stringent exhaust particulate matter emission standard for new heavy-duty diesel vehicle engines. California has instituted additional regulations requiring retrofit or replacement of older in-use engines to accelerate emission reductions and air quality improvements. This presentation summarizes pollutant emission changes measured over several field campaigns at the Port of Oakland in the San Francisco Bay Area associated with diesel particulate filter use and accelerated modernization of the heavy-duty truck fleet. Pollutants in the exhaust plumes of hundreds of heavy-duty trucks en route to the Port were measured in 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2013. Ultrafine particle number, black carbon (BC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations were measured at a frequency ≤ 1 Hz and normalized to measured carbon dioxide concentrations to quantify fuel-based emission factors (grams of pollutant emitted per kilogram of diesel consumed). The size distribution of particles in truck exhaust plumes was also measured at 1 Hz. In the two most recent campaigns, emissions were linked on a truck-by-truck basis to installed emission control equipment via the matching of transcribed license plates to a Port truck database. Accelerated replacement of older engines with newer engines and retrofit of trucks with diesel particle filters reduced fleet-average emissions of BC and NOx. Preliminary results from the two most recent field campaigns indicate that trucks without diesel particle filters emit 4 times more BC than filter-equipped trucks. Diesel particle filters increase emissions of NO2, however, and filter-equipped trucks have NO2/NOx ratios that are 4 to 7 times greater than trucks without filters. Preliminary findings related to particle size distribution indicate that (a) most trucks emitted particles characterized by a single mode of approximately 100 nm in diameter and (b) new trucks originally equipped with diesel particle filters were 5 to 6 times more likely than filter-retrofitted trucks and trucks without filters to emit particles characterized by a single mode in the range of 10 to 30 nm in diameter.

Road Traffic Related Injury Severity in Truck Drivers: A Prospective Medical and Technical Analysis of 582 Truck Crashes.

PubMed

Decker, Sebastian; Otte, Dietmar; Muller, Christian Walter; Omar, Mohamed; Krettek, Christian; Haasper, Carl; Brand, Stephan

2016-06-01

While cyclists and pedestrians are known to be at significant risk for severe injuries when exposed to road traffic accidents (RTA) involving trucks, little is known about RTA injury risk for truck drivers. The aim of this study was to analyze the injury severity in truck drivers following RTAs. Our local accident research unit prospectively documented 43000 RTAs involving 582 trucks between 2000 and 2011. Injury severity, including the abbreviated injury scale (AIS) and the maximum abbreviated injury scale (MAIS) were analyzed. Technical parameters (e.g. delta-v, direction of impact), the location of accident, and its dependency on the road type were also taken into consideration. Thirteen percent (77/582) of truck drivers were injured. Extremities were found to be at highest risk of injury with the lower extremities (36x) being injured most severely (10x: AIS 2 and 3). Death occurred only after collisions with other trucks, and severity of injuries increased with an increased speed limit. The maximum abbreviated injury scale was higher in the crash opponents (56x MAIS ≥ 3) compared to the truck drivers (8x MAIS ≥ 3). Overall, 82% of the crash opponents were injured. The safety of truck drivers is assured by their vehicles, the consequence being that the risk of becoming injured is likely to be low. However, the legs especially are at high risk for severe injuries during RTAs. This probability increases in the instance of a collision with another truck. Nevertheless, in RTAs involving trucks and regular passenger vehicles, the other party is in higher risk of injury.

FedEx Hybrid Electric Delivery Truck Testing | Transportation Research |

Science.gov Websites

hybridization. Hybrid Electric Straight Box Trucks In 2013, the team completed its six-month evaluation of six hybrid electric trucks and six conventional diesel trucks operated by FedEx Express in Ontario

Prioritizing improvements to truck driver vision.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-03-01

This report presents the results of a three-part study of truck driver exterior vision and its safety consequences. In part one, : crash data are analyzed to document vision-related truck crash issues. About 20% of truck-initiated crashes occur in : ...

[Exposure to whole-body vibration of forklift truck operators in dockyards--actual exposure in Japan and evaluation by EN 13059].

PubMed

Tsujimura, Hiroji; Taoda, Kazushi; Nishiyama, Katsuo

2006-09-01

Low-back disorders are well documented as occupational hazards among forklift truck operators. The potential risk factors that may lead to low-back pain include exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV). In Europe, test methods were developed to evaluate WBV in industrial trucks, and the European Standard which defines the methods has been published. We measured the vibrations of forklift trucks operated in the Hanshin harbour area adopting procedures based on the CEN test and report the evaluation results. If the WBV magnitudes of the ride on forklift trucks in the workplace were less than or comparable to those in the CEN test, the CEN test could be considered useful for the risk assessment of forklift truck operators exposed to WBV. In order to verify the applicability of the CEN test to the evaluation of WBV exposure in the field, we conducted measurements of the WBV of four forklift trucks for 19 d. The trucks had already been examined by the CEN test. The truck velocity, driver position (sitting or not), and gear lever position were also measured, and video footage was obtained for the study. The results indicate that the vertical WBV magnitudes of the four forklift trucks were below the CEN test values. No dominant WBV direction was observed on any of the measurement days. The Health value (obtained by combining the values determined from the vibration in orthogonal coordinates) was comparable to that from the CEN test for one truck. The values for the other three trucks were lower. The data obtained for three forklift trucks were analyzed in each operating condition. The vertical WBV magnitudes and Health values for the three trucks were below the CEN test values when the trucks were travelling forwards with a load. The WBV in the anterior-posterior direction had the largest adverse effect on the human body of the three orthogonal directions when the trucks were used for loading and unloading. The results suggest the CEN test can be applied to the evaluation of exposure to WBV from forklift trucks operating in the vicinity of the Hanshin harbour. It was observed that the anterior-posterior WBV is considerable, mostly through exposure occurring in the lifting mode. However, the CEN test is based on the travelling mode, and further WBV measurements under real working conditions with exact descriptions of detailed work situations and operating conditions are required.

Developing a GPS-based truck freight performance measure platform.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-05-01

Although trucks move the largest volume and value of goods in urban areas, relatively little is known about their travel : patterns and how the roadway network performs for trucks. Global positioning systems (GPS) used by trucking : companies to mana...

Wisconsin large truck safety and enforcement study.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-07-01

The Wisconsin Large Truck Safety and Enforcement Study (LTS&E) focused on a system-wide evaluation of large truck safety in the : state of Wisconsin. This study analyzes crash data related to large trucks that are close to the following criteria: gre...

Large truck crash profile : the 1998 national picture

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-01-01

This annual edition of the Large Truck Crash Profile contains descriptive statistics about fatal and non-fatal (injury and property-damage-only) large truck crashes that occurred in 1998. The profile includes only some of the major aspects of truck c...

Truck Noise XI : Evaluation and Reduction of Heavy-Duty Truck Noise

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-09-01

This report describes the work performed to examine the noise sources on two common truck configurations manufactured by this company, and to evaluate the noise reduction effectiveness of retrofit hardware. The two trucks selected were Cab-Over-Engin...

Finite element analysis on the bending condition of truck frame before and after opening

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cai, Kaiwu; Cheng, Wei; Lu, Jifu

2018-05-01

Based on the design parameters of a truck frame, the structure design and model of the truck frame are built. Based on the finite element theory, the load, the type of fatigue and the material parameters of the frame are combined with the semi-trailer. Using finite element analysis software, after a truck frame hole in bending condition for the finite element analysis of comparison, through the analysis found that the truck frame hole under bending condition can meet the strength requirements are very helpful for improving the design of the truck frame.

Research on mining truck vibration control based on particle damping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liming, Song; Wangqiang, Xiao; Zeguang, Li; Haiquan, Guo; Zhe, Yang

2018-03-01

More and more attentions were got by people about the research on mining truck driving comfort. As the vibration transfer terminal, cab is one of the important part of mining truck vibration control. In this paper, based on particle damping technology and its application characteristics, through the discrete element modeling, DEM & FEM coupling simulation and analysis, lab test verification and actual test in the truck, particle damping technology was successfully used in driver’s seat base of mining truck, cab vibration was reduced obviously, meanwhile applied research and method of particle damping technology in mining truck vibration control were provided.

Effects of combat deployment on risky and self-destructive behavior among active duty military personnel.

PubMed

Thomsen, Cynthia J; Stander, Valerie A; McWhorter, Stephanie K; Rabenhorst, Mandy M; Milner, Joel S

2011-10-01

Although research has documented negative effects of combat deployment on mental health, few studies have examined whether deployment increases risky or self-destructive behavior. The present study addressed this issue. In addition, we examined whether deployment effects on risky behavior varied depending on history of pre-deployment risky behavior, and assessed whether psychiatric conditions mediated effects of deployment on risky behavior. In an anonymous survey, active duty members of the U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Navy (N = 2116) described their deployment experiences and their participation in risky recreational activities, unprotected sex, illegal drug use, self-injurious behavior, and suicide attempts during three time frames (civilian, military pre-deployment, and military post-deployment). Respondents also reported whether they had problems with depression, anxiety, or PTSD during the same three time frames. Results revealed that risky behavior was much more common in civilian than in military life, with personnel who had not deployed, compared to those who had deployed, reporting more risky behavior and more psychiatric problems as civilians. For the current time period, in contrast, personnel who had deployed (versus never deployed) were significantly more likely to report both risky behavior and psychiatric problems. Importantly, deployment was associated with increases in risky behavior only for personnel with a pre-deployment history of engaging in risky behavior. Although psychiatric conditions were associated with higher levels of risky behavior, psychiatric problems did not mediate associations between deployment and risky behavior. Implications for understanding effects of combat deployment on active duty personnel and directions for future research are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Study of Technological Improvements to Optimize Truck Configurations for Fuel Economy

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-09-01

The truck types that accounted for most of the fuel consumed were identified and modeled by computer analysis. Baseline fuel consumption was calculated for the major truck types over specific duty cycles. Design improvements in the truck were then mo...

Cost-benefit evaluation of large truck-automobile speed limit differentials on rural interstate highways.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-11-01

Speed differentials between large trucks and automobiles on rural interstate highways are due to : both state regulated speed limits and commercial trucking company policies that restrict maximum truck : speeds. The initial portion of this effort inv...

Striping truck utilization at Crawfordsville and Greenfield.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-12-01

At the time this project was launched, INDOT was operating two paint trucks per district (one edge line truck and one center line truck). : This project was launched to determine the feasibility of painting all the lane miles in each district with a ...

Effect of Michigan multi-axle trucks on pavement distress and profile: executive summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-02-01

Truck traffic is a major factor in pavement design because truck loads are the primary cause of : pavement distresses. Trucks have different axle configurations that cause different levels of : pavement damage. The American Association of State Highw...

Identifying the potential of improved heavy truck crashworthiness to reduce death and injury for truck drivers.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-07-01

Advanced crash avoidance technologies (ACATs) for trucks have been developed in recent years and are beginning : to be deployed. Prior to the development of standards for heavy truck crashworthiness and occupant protection, : additional characterizat...

Estimation of the demand for commercial truck parking on interstate highways in Virginia

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-01-01

The steady growth of commercial truck traveling on most Interstate and primary highways has resulted in increasing demand for both public rest areas and private truck stops in Virginia. In addition, inadequate parking spaces for commercial trucks may...

Effects of geometric design features on truck crashes on limited-access highways.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-06-01

Freight can be transported between most points in the country quite efficiently using trucks. However, involvement of large : trucks in crashes can cause much damage and serious injuries, due to their large sizes and heavy weights. Large truck : cras...

National bicycling and walking study : 10 year status report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-12-01

This case study examines trucking across the western U.S.-Canada border and how it is influenced by truck size and weight (TS&W) regulations. Western border trucking differs from eastern border trucking in terms of the types of commodities being hand...

Truck travel characteristics as an indicator of system condition and performance.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-07-01

The effect of trucks on the level of service is determined by considering passenger car equivalents (PCE) of trucks. The : Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) uses a single PCE value for all tucks combined. However, the composition of truck traffic : varie...

Truck monitoring and warning systems for freeway-to-freeway connections

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-10-01

This research focuses on the development and evaluation of a truck monitoring and warning (TM&W) system for detecting high, long, fast trucks at freeway-to-freeway connections and activating displays to warn the truck drivers of potential hazards as ...

Analysis of risk factors in severity of rural truck crashes.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-04-01

Trucks are a vital part of the logistics system in North Dakota. Recent energy developments have : generated exponential growth in the demand for truck services. With increased density of trucks in the : traffic mix, it is reasonable to expect some i...

Diesel exhaust exposures in port workers.

PubMed

Debia, Maximilien; Neesham-Grenon, Eve; Mudaheranwa, Oliver C; Ragettli, Martina S

2016-07-01

Exposure to diesel engine exhaust has been linked to increased cancer risk and cardiopulmonary diseases. Diesel exhaust is a complex mixture of chemical substances, including a particulate fraction mainly composed of ultrafine particles, resulting from the incomplete combustion of fuel. Diesel trucks are known to be an important source of diesel-related air pollution, and areas with heavy truck traffic are associated with higher air pollution levels and increased public health problems. Several indicators have been proposed as surrogates for estimating exposures to diesel exhaust but very few studies have focused specifically on monitoring the ultrafine fraction through the measurement of particle number concentrations. The aim of this study is to assess occupational exposures of gate controllers at the port of Montreal, Canada, to diesel engine emissions from container trucks by measuring several surrogates through a multimetric approach which includes the assessment of both mass and number concentrations and the use of direct reading devices. A 10-day measurement campaign was carried out at two terminal checkpoints at the port of Montreal. Respirable elemental and organic carbon, PM1, PM2.5, PMresp (PM4), PM10, PMtot (inhalable fraction), particle number concentrations, particle size distributions, and gas concentrations (NO2, NO, CO) were monitored. Gate controllers were exposed to concentrations of contaminants associated with diesel engine exhaust (elemental carbon GM = 1.6 µg/m(3); GSD = 1.6) well below recommended occupational exposure limits. Average daily particle number concentrations ranged from 16,544-67,314 particles/cm³ (GM = 32,710 particles/cm³; GSD = 1.6). Significant Pearson correlation coefficients were found between daily elemental carbon, PM fractions and particle number concentrations, as well as between total carbon, PM fractions and particle number concentrations. Significant correlation coefficients were found between particle number concentrations and the number of trucks and wind speed (R(2) = 0.432; p < 0.01). The presence of trucks with cooling systems and older trucks with older exhaust systems was associated with peak concentrations on the direct reading instruments. The results highlight the relevance of direct reading instruments in helping to identify sources of exposure and suggest that monitoring particle number concentrations improves understanding of workers' exposures to diesel exhaust. This study, by quantifying workers' exposure levels through a multimetric approach, contributes to the further understanding of occupational exposures to diesel engine exhaust.

Charles W. Hartman Memorial Lecture. Delivered by the Honorable Edwin Meese, III, Attorney General of the United States at the University of Mississippi.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meese, Edwin, III

In addressing the problem of drugs, Reagan Administration efforts focus on both the supply and the demand of drugs. One problem, the diversion of legal drugs into the illegal market, can be accomplished by pharmacists, drug manufacturers and distributors, or by forged or fraudulent prescriptions. Pharmacists can combat this problem by…

Developing high-resolution urban scale heavy-duty truck emission inventory using the data-driven truck activity model output

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perugu, Harikishan; Wei, Heng; Yao, Zhuo

2017-04-01

Air quality modelers often rely on regional travel demand models to estimate the vehicle activity data for emission models, however, most of the current travel demand models can only output reliable person travel activity rather than goods/service specific travel activity. This paper presents the successful application of data-driven, Spatial Regression and output optimization Truck model (SPARE-Truck) to develop truck-related activity inputs for the mobile emission model, and eventually to produce truck specific gridded emissions. To validate the proposed methodology, the Cincinnati metropolitan area in United States was selected as a case study site. From the results, it is found that the truck miles traveled predicted using traditional methods tend to underestimate - overall 32% less than proposed model- truck miles traveled. The coefficient of determination values for different truck types range between 0.82 and 0.97, except the motor homes which showed least model fit with 0.51. Consequently, the emission inventories calculated from the traditional methods were also underestimated i.e. -37% for NOx, -35% for SO2, -43% for VOC, -43% for BC, -47% for OC and - 49% for PM2.5. Further, the proposed method also predicted within ∼7% of the national emission inventory for all pollutants. The bottom-up gridding methodology used in this paper could allocate the emissions to grid cell where more truck activity is expected, and it is verified against regional land-use data. Most importantly, using proposed method it is easy to segregate gridded emission inventory by truck type, which is of particular interest for decision makers, since currently there is no reliable method to test different truck-category specific travel-demand management strategies for air pollution control.

Driver-related factors in crashes between large trucks and passenger vehicles

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-04-01

Large trucks are involved in close to 400,000 police-reported crashes each year, of which 4,500 involve a fatality. About 60% of fatal truck crashes involve one large truck colliding with a single passenger vehicle. Prevention of these crashes requir...

Truck monitoring and warning systems for freeway-to-freeway connections : summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-10-01

This project focuses on the development and evaluation of a truck monitoring and warning (TM&W) system for detecting high, long, fast trucks at freeway-to-freeway connections and activating displays to warn the truck drivers of potential hazards as t...

49 CFR 399.207 - Truck and truck-tractor access requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY REGULATIONS EMPLOYEE SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS Step, Handhold, and Deck Requirements for Commercial Motor Vehicles § 399.207 Truck and truck-tractor access requirements. (a) General rule. Any person entering or...

Truck accidents at freeway ramps : data analysis and high-risk site identification

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-01-01

To examine the relationship of ramp design to truck accident rates, this paper presents an analysis of truck accidents in Washington State, plus a comparison to limited data from Colorado and California. The authors group freeway truck accidents by r...

Obesity and Other Risk Factors: The National Survey of U.S. Long-Haul Truck Driver Health and Injury

PubMed Central

Sieber, W. Karl; Robinson, Cynthia F.; Birdsey, Jan; Chen, Guang X.; Hitchcock, Edward M.; Lincoln, Jennifer E.; Nakata, Akinori; Sweeney, Marie H.

2015-01-01

Background Drivers of heavy and tractor-trailer trucks accounted for 56% of all production and nonsupervisory employees in the truck transportation industry in 2011. There are limited data for illness and injury in long-haul truck drivers, which prompted a targeted national survey. Methods Interviewers collected data during 2010 from 1,670 long-haul truck drivers at 32 truck stops across the 48 contiguous United States that were used to compute prevalence estimates for self-reported health conditions and risk factors. Results Obesity (69% vs. 31%, P <0.01) and current smoking (51% vs. 19%, P <0.01) were twice as prevalent in long-haul truck drivers as in the 2010 U.S. adult working population. Sixty-one percent reported having two or more of the risk factors: hypertension, obesity, smoking, high cholesterol, no physical activity, 6 or fewer hours of sleep per 24-hr period. Conclusion Survey findings suggest a need for targeted interventions and continued surveillance for long-haul truck drivers. PMID:24390804

Advanced vehicle dynamics of heavy trucks with the perspective of road safety

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trigell, Annika Stensson; Rothhämel, Malte; Pauwelussen, Joop; Kural, Karel

2017-10-01

This paper presents state-of-the art within advanced vehicle dynamics of heavy trucks with the perspective of road safety. The most common accidents with heavy trucks involved are truck against passenger cars. Safety critical situations are for example loss of control (such as rollover and lateral stability) and a majority of these occur during speed when cornering. Other critical situations are avoidance manoeuvre and road edge recovery. The dynamic behaviour of heavy trucks have significant differences compared to passenger cars and as a consequence, successful application of vehicle dynamic functions for enhanced safety of trucks might differ from the functions in passenger cars. Here, the differences between vehicle dynamics of heavy trucks and passenger cars are clarified. Advanced vehicle dynamics solutions with the perspective of road safety of trucks are presented, beginning with the topic vehicle stability, followed by the steering system, the braking system and driver assistance systems that differ in some way from that of passenger cars as well.

Development of Diesel Engine Operated Forklift Truck for Explosive Gas Atmospheres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vishwakarma, Rajendra Kumar; Singh, Arvind Kumar; Ahirwal, Bhagirath; Sinha, Amalendu

2018-02-01

For the present study, a prototype diesel engine operated Forklift truck of 2 t capacity is developed for explosive gas atmosphere. The parts of the Forklift truck are assessed against risk of ignition of the explosive gases, vapors or mist grouped in Gr. IIA and having ignition temperature more than 200°C. Identification of possible sources of ignition and their control or prevention is the main objective of this work. The design transformation of a standard Forklift truck into a special Forklift truck is made on prototype basis. The safety parameters of the improved Forklift truck are discussed in this paper. The specially designed Forklift truck is useful in industries where explosive atmospheres may present during normal working conditions and risk of explosion is a concern during handling or transportation of materials. This indigenous diesel engine based Forklift truck for explosive gas atmosphere classified as Zone 1 and Zone 2 area and gas group IIA is developed first time in India in association with the Industry.

A SUGGESTED GUIDANCE PROGRAM FOR COMBATING SCHOOL "DROP-OUTS."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boys Club of New York, NY.

THE PROBLEM OF SCHOOL DROPOUTS WAS CAUSED BY CONSISTENT FAILURE TO ACHIEVE IN REGULAR SCHOOL WORK, GRADE RETENTION, READING802RETARDATI RETARDATION, AND POOR SELF-IMAGE. THE CLUB'S STAFF WOULD HELP SOLVE THIS PROBLEM THROUGH TEACHING, DIRECTING, AND COUNSELING BOYS IN THE AREAS OF HEALTH, COMPATIBILITY, RESPECT, STAYING IN SCHOOL, PLANNING…

Manipulating Noise Frequencies Alters Hemispheric Contributions to Decision Making

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gallagher, Patrick; Dagenbach, Dale

2007-01-01

Participants listened to the Asian disease problem framed in terms of either gains or losses and chose between two plans to combat the disease. All participants heard the problem embedded in other sounds; for some it was the relatively lower-frequency information, and for others it was the relatively higher-frequency information. The classic…

Preventing Drug Abuse among American Indian Young People.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beauvais, Fred

The three-part report summarizes existing research on drug abuse in American Indian communities, suggests ways to combat the problem, and describes many different kinds of drugs and their effects. In Part I, much recent research is cited. Although methodology and results vary greatly, the research clearly points to a serious drug problem in many…

Academic partnerships and key leaders emerging from communities in the lower mississippi delta (LMD): a community-based participatory research model

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Collaboratively, the nutritional health problems of the Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD) region were examined and opportunities identified for conducting research interventions. To combat the nutritional health problems in the LMD, community residents yielded to a more comprehensive and participatory a...

The Media Is the Message: Using the Media to Improve School Attendance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nyangoni, Betty

The problem of truancy and irregular school attendance is widespread in urban, suburban, and rural school districts. The media have interesting and far-reaching capabilities for combating this problem. Possible uses of the print media in this area include posters, bumper stickers, billboards, leaflets and flyers, handouts, buttons, T-shirts,…

Measuring the Effectiveness of a Mathematics Support Service: An Email Survey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gillard, Jonathan; Robathan, Kirsty; Wilson, Robert

2011-01-01

Over the last decade the "mathematics problem" (students lacking basic mathematical skills on entry into higher education), and proposed solutions of this problem have been widely debated. One method to help combat this issue has been the introduction of mathematics support centres across higher education institutions. This article describes the…

What You Should Know

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Bertram S.

1975-01-01

This article focused on questions about what people should know regarding depression, the therapy procedures utilized in combating depression, and how the family doctor can help in dealing with the problem. (Editor/RK)

Measurement of Workability of Fresh Concrete Using a Mixing Truck

PubMed Central

Amziane, Sofiane; Ferraris, Chiara F.; Koehler, Eric P.

2005-01-01

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the workability of fresh portland cement concrete while it is still in the mixing truck by determining fundamental rheological parameters (plastic viscosity and yield stress). Nine concrete mixtures with different values of yield stress and plastic viscosity were tested in a concrete truck. The measurements made with the truck were based on the typical method of determining the flow behavior in a traditional fluid rheometer; that is, the shear rate in the mixing truck was swept from high to low by varying the rotation speed of the drum. The results of these experiments are discussed and compared with data provided by the ICAR rheometer, a portable rheometer designed for measuring concrete rheology. The test results indicate that the mixing truck equipment is sufficiently sensitive to detect differences in yield stress, slump, and plastic viscosity. However, the plastic viscosity determined by the truck measurement did not correlate with plastic viscosity as measured by the ICAR rheometer, while the yield stress determined by the truck measurement did correlate well with the measured slump and the ICAR rheometer results Suggestions are given on how to improve the mixing truck for better use as a rheometer. PMID:27308103

Combat experience and problem drinking in veterans: Exploring the roles of PTSD, coping motives, and perceived stigma.

PubMed

Miller, Stephen M; Pedersen, Eric R; Marshall, Grant N

2017-03-01

The current investigation sought to illustrate the etiology of adverse alcohol consequences in young adult veterans using a path analytic framework. A total of 312 veterans aged 19-34 were enrolled in a larger intervention study on alcohol use. At baseline, participants completed measures of combat severity, PTSD symptom severity, and drinking motives to cope. At one month follow-up, participants completed measures of perceived stigma of behavioral health treatment seeking and past 30-day alcohol consequences. After entering the covariates of age, gender, race/ethnicity, and past year behavioral health treatment utilization, a path analytic model demonstrated a good fit to the data predicting alcohol consequences in this population. Further, a separate exploratory analysis confirmed that both drinking motives to cope and perceived stigma of behavioral health treatment seeking mediated the link between PTSD symptom severity and alcohol consequences. The current model expands upon prior research showing the relationship between combat severity and alcohol use behavior in young adult veterans. Results support the notion that veterans with PTSD symptoms may drink to cope and that perceived stigma surrounding help seeking may further contribute to alcohol related problems. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Exploring the Application of Information and Communication Technology in the U.S. Motor Carrier Industry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haynes, Edward T.

2010-01-01

The problem addressed in this qualitative case study focused on the limited amount of scholarly research addressing the use of information and communication technology in U.S. motor carrier operations. The trucking industry is part of the service sector which contributes approximately 67.8 percent to the gross domestic product of the United…

The Future of the Automobile in an Oil-Short World. Worldwatch Paper 32.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Lester R.; And Others

Possible future roles and designs of cars are examined in light of depletion of the earth's oil reserves. A major problem with regard to the rapidly changing world oil outlook is that cars will be competing with more essential claiments for scarce oil supplies including food production, industrial power, home heating, and running trucks and…

Drivin' Trucks, Huntin' Bucks, and Reading Aristotle?: The Rural Student's College Choice Dilemma

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strawn, Rachel Mayes

2014-01-01

Even though rural students make up a fifth of the population of all American students, they do not attend college in numbers equivalent to urban and suburban students. The rural student faces influences related to college choice that differ from those of suburban and urban students. These influences, which could be considered problems or barriers,…

49 CFR 230.108 - Steam locomotive leading and trailing trucks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Steam locomotive leading and trailing trucks. 230.108 Section 230.108 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL... and trailing trucks. (a) Maintenance. Trucks shall be maintained in safe and suitable condition for...

49 CFR 533.5 - Requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... per gallon, in the model year specified as applicable: Table I Model year 2-wheel drive light trucks Captive imports Other 4-wheel drive light trucks Captive imports Other Limited product line light trucks... standard Captive imports Others 2-wheel drive light trucks Captive imports Others 4-wheel drive light...

49 CFR 533.5 - Requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... per gallon, in the model year specified as applicable: Table I Model year 2-wheel drive light trucks Captive imports Other 4-wheel drive light trucks Captive imports Other Limited product line light trucks... standard Captive imports Others 2-wheel drive light trucks Captive imports Others 4-wheel drive light...

49 CFR 533.5 - Requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... per gallon, in the model year specified as applicable: Table I Model year 2-wheel drive light trucks Captive imports Other 4-wheel drive light trucks Captive imports Other Limited product line light trucks... standard Captive imports Others 2-wheel drive light trucks Captive imports Others 4-wheel drive light...

Truck travel characteristics as an indicator of system condition and performance : [technical summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-01-01

Truck traffic has significantly increased in past decades. The effect of trucks on the level of service is determined by considering passenger car equivalents (PCE) of trucks. The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) uses a single PCE value for all tucks co...

Improving the safety of older truck drivers : developing a framework for moving forward.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-12-01

The overarching goal of this project was to contribute to a reduction in crashes among older truck drivers. The project represents the starting point for developing a program that can be used by older truck drivers and trucking company management to ...

Developing a robust survey methodology for collecting information on the port truck drayage industry.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-09-01

This paper describes the population characteristics in the drayage trucking population of the Port of Seattle as determined by the 2013 Truck : Driver Survey. The 2013 Truck Driver Survey was created to give the Port of Seattle more information on th...

Development of a large truck safety data needs study plan. Vol. 1, Summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1986-02-01

This report discusses the results of a study to determine the data needs necessary to address truck safety issues and to develop a data collection and analysis plan. Priority truck safety issues that are amenable to truck accident data analyses were ...

Safety in ready mixed concrete industry: descriptive analysis of injuries and development of preventive measures.

PubMed

Akboğa, Özge; Baradan, Selim

2017-02-07

Ready mixed concrete (RMC) industry, one of the barebones of construction sector, has its distinctive occupational safety and health (OSH) risks. Employees experience risks that emerge during the fabrication of concrete, as well as its delivery to the construction site. Statistics show that usage and demand of RMC have been increasing along with the number of producers and workers. Unfortunately, adequate OSH measures to meet this rapid growth are not in place even in top RMC producing countries, such as Turkey. Moreover, lack of statistical data and academic research in this sector exacerbates this problem. This study aims to fill this gap by conducting data mining in Turkish Social Security Institution archives and performing univariate frequency and cross tabulation analysis on 71 incidents that RMC truck drivers were involved. Also, investigations and interviews were conducted in seven RMC plants in Turkey and Netherlands with OSH point of view. Based on the results of this research, problem areas were determined such as; cleaning truck mixer/pump is a hazardous activity where operators get injured frequently, and struck by falling objects is a major hazard at RMC industry. Finally, Job Safety Analyses were performed on these areas to suggest mitigation methods.

Development of Criteria for the Use of Asphalt-Rubber as a Stress-Absorbing Membrane Interlayer (SAMI).

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-12-01

membrane included " three asphalt-rubber distributor trucks " one asphalt-rubber mixer • one kerosene tanker " one chip spreader " three dump trucks...was recorded with the temperature. 4. The asphalt-rubber was pumped into a spreader truck. The truck temperature, sample temperature, and viscosity...not become clogged. The chip-spreading operation immnedi- ately followed the distributor truck. The chip spreader was immediately fol- lowed by the

Driver exposure to combustion particles in the U.S. Trucking industry.

PubMed

Davis, M E; Smith, T J; Laden, F; Hart, J E; Blicharz, A P; Reaser, P; Garshick, E

2007-11-01

A large study of combustion particle exposures for drivers of diesel-powered trucks was conducted in collaboration with an epidemiologic study of lung cancer outcomes for workers in the trucking industry. Three components of diesel exhaust combustion particles (PM(2.5), elemental carbon, and organic carbon) were measured inside the driver cabs of diesel-powered trucks from 36 different trucking terminals across the United States between 2001 and 2005. In-cab particle exposures for drivers assigned to both short and long distance trips were observed, as well as information on the smoking status of the driver, truck characteristics such as age and model, and weather conditions during the sampling session. This article summarizes these findings and describes the relationship between exhaust particles and various determinants of exposure. The results suggest that in-cab particle exposures are positively related to smoking, ambient particle concentrations, truck age, and open windows, with other significant modifying factors such as weather. This study represents the largest and most comprehensive exposure assessment of drivers in the trucking industry, encompassing a 4-year period of observations on diesel and exhaust particle exposures nationwide. The results are relevant not only to the occupational group of truck drivers being examined but also to the general population that live, commute, or work within proximity to diesel-fueled traffic or trucking terminals.

Fighting against a shortage of truck drivers in logistics: Measures that employers can take to promote drivers' work ability and health.

PubMed

Staats, Ulrike; Lohaus, Daniela; Christmann, Alina; Woitschek, Michèle

2017-01-01

For several years, the transportation industry has been concerned about a severe shortage of professional truck drivers. Studies investigating the reasons found that poor working conditions and stresses and strains resulting from physiological and psychological job demands have had a negative impact on drivers' health and ability to work. Nevertheless, until now, most employers have refrained from offering measures to support the work ability and well-being of drivers, mainly due to financial pressures in the industry. The present study was aimed at designing adequate and affordable measures to support drivers' health. With reference to the Work Ability Index and the house of work ability (Ilmarinen & Tuomi, 2004), 56 truck drivers participated in guided interviews about their working conditions and health-related problems as well as their attitudes, experiences, and desires with respect to being offered supportive measures by their employers. The measures derived are specific and realizable and expected to be widely accepted by professional drivers. They are designed to elicit a positive attitude in the drivers toward exercising and to help them overcome related psychological barriers. The implementation of the recommended measures can be expected to support drivers' work ability and help reduce the frictional costs of their employers.

Gender involvement in manual material handling (mmh) tasks in agriculture and technology intervention to mitigate the resulting musculoskeletal disorders.

PubMed

Singh, Suman; Sinwal, Neelima; Rathore, Hemu

2012-01-01

The lifting and carrying of loads in agriculture on small landholdings are unavoidable. Rural communities often lack access to appropriate technologies which may result in various health hazards. The objective was to study gender participation in agricultural activities involving manual material handling tasks, to assess MSDs experienced in various MMH tasks and to evaluate traditional method and designed technology. The study was conducted on 100 agricultural workers. Data on gender participation in MMH tasks in household, animal husbandry and agriculture and resulting MSDs was gathered. Pre and post assessment of technology intervention was done for NIOSH Lifting Index, QEC, and RPE. The results revealed greater susceptibility of females to musculoskeletal problems in most of the household and animal husbandry tasks. The hand trucks designed were pushing type with power grasp handle. The respondents were advised to carry 5 kg of weight per lift instead of lifting more weight in one lift/minute while filling the hand truck. By decreasing the weight and increasing the number of lifts per minute the respondents were seen falling in green zone indicating significant reduction in NIOSH lifting index. QEC scores concluded that for filling the hand truck 5 kg of weight should be carried to keep the exposure level low.

Energy Consumption and Cost Savings of Truck Electrification for Heavy-Duty Vehicle Applications

DOE PAGES

Gao, Zhiming; Lin, Zhenhong; Franzese, Oscar

2017-01-01

Our paper evaluates the application of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and genset plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) to Class-7 local delivery trucks and genset PHEV for Class-8 utility bucket trucks over widely real-world driving data performed by conventional heavy-duty trucks.

Estimation of the demand for commercial truck parking on interstate highways in Virginia : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-01-01

The steady growth of commercial truck travel has led to an increasing demand for truck parking spaces at public rest areas and private truck stops on interstate highways in Virginia. This study developed a methodology to determine the supply and dema...

30 CFR 56.16016 - Lift trucks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Lift trucks. 56.16016 Section 56.16016 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND....16016 Lift trucks. Fork and other similar types of lift trucks shall be operated with the— (a) Upright...

30 CFR 57.16016 - Lift trucks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lift trucks. 57.16016 Section 57.16016 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND... § 57.16016 Lift trucks. Fork and other similar types of lift trucks shall be operated with the: (a...

30 CFR 56.16016 - Lift trucks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lift trucks. 56.16016 Section 56.16016 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND....16016 Lift trucks. Fork and other similar types of lift trucks shall be operated with the— (a) Upright...

30 CFR 57.16016 - Lift trucks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Lift trucks. 57.16016 Section 57.16016 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND... § 57.16016 Lift trucks. Fork and other similar types of lift trucks shall be operated with the: (a...

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Truck Transports Capitol Christmas

Science.gov Websites

Tree Biodiesel Truck Transports Capitol Christmas Tree to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Truck Transports Capitol Christmas Tree on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Truck Transports Capitol Christmas Tree on Twitter Bookmark Alternative

49 CFR 393.40 - Required brake systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... subpart. (2) Air brake systems. Buses, trucks and truck-tractors equipped with air brake systems and..., and 393.52 of this subpart. (4) Electric brake systems. Motor vehicles equipped with electric brake..., trucks and truck tractors manufactured on or after March 1, 1975, and trailers manufactured on or after...

29 CFR 1917.43 - Powered industrial trucks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... safety. (5) Powered industrial trucks shall be marked with their rated capacities, which shall be visible.... (5) Powered industrial trucks shall be maintained in safe working order. Safety devices shall not be... 29 Labor 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Powered industrial trucks. 1917.43 Section 1917.43 Labor...

29 CFR 1917.43 - Powered industrial trucks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... safety. (5) Powered industrial trucks shall be marked with their rated capacities, which shall be visible.... (5) Powered industrial trucks shall be maintained in safe working order. Safety devices shall not be... 29 Labor 7 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Powered industrial trucks. 1917.43 Section 1917.43 Labor...

7 CFR 58.317 - Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers... and Grading Service 1 Equipment and Utensils § 58.317 Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers. Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers shall be constructed of aluminum, stainless...

7 CFR 58.317 - Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers... and Grading Service 1 Equipment and Utensils § 58.317 Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers. Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers shall be constructed of aluminum, stainless...

7 CFR 58.317 - Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers... and Grading Service 1 Equipment and Utensils § 58.317 Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers. Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers shall be constructed of aluminum, stainless...

7 CFR 58.317 - Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers... and Grading Service 1 Equipment and Utensils § 58.317 Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers. Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers shall be constructed of aluminum, stainless...

7 CFR 58.317 - Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers... and Grading Service 1 Equipment and Utensils § 58.317 Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers. Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers shall be constructed of aluminum, stainless...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

Argonne National Laboratory researchers have invented a technology for recovering oil and refined petroleum products from bodies of water. Oleo Sponge offers several key advantages over the technologies and techniques that are currently used to combat this problem.

Understanding the Drug Menace

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cooper, Donald L.

1972-01-01

Understanding how drugs affect cerebral pleasure centers is important in knowing how to combat the drug problem. The author advocates more effective health education for the purpose of engendering respect for the body. (Editor)

Urban Combat Advanced Training Technology (Technologie avancee d’entrainement au combat urbain)

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-01

Environmental Issues 2-1 2.6 Annex E – Effects Representation on Targets 2-2 2.7 Annex F – How to Create Vulnerability Models for Buildings and Vehicles 2-2...Modifications of the Standard Information Models 3-10 3.3.5 Why the RPR FOM 2 Might Not be Suitable for All Types of Integration 3-10 3.4 Implementation ...urban areas are the most likely battlefield in the 21st century. The problems and limitations associated with developing the first generation of

Epigenetic alterations of the BDNF gene in combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder.

PubMed

Kim, T Y; Kim, S J; Chung, H G; Choi, J H; Kim, S H; Kang, J I

2017-02-01

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role in modulating resilience and vulnerability to stress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether epigenetic regulation of the BDNF gene is a biomarker of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) development among veterans exposed to combat in the Vietnam War. Using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, combat veterans were grouped into those with (n = 126) and without (n = 122) PTSD. DNA methylation levels at four CpG sites within the BDNF promoter I region were quantified in the peripheral blood using pyrosequencing. The effects of BDNF DNA methylation levels and clinical variables on the diagnosis of PTSD were tested using binary logistic regression analysis. Subjects with PTSD showed a higher DNA methylation of four CpG sites at the BDNF promoter compared with those without PTSD. High methylation levels at the BDNF promoter CpG site, high combat exposure, and alcohol problems were significantly associated with PTSD diagnosis. This study demonstrated an association between higher DNA methylation of the BDNF promoter and PTSD diagnosis in combat-exposed individuals. Our findings suggest that altered BDNF methylation may be a valuable biomarker of PTSD after trauma exposure. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Resting-state functional connectivity in combat veterans suffering from impulsive aggression

PubMed Central

Heesink, Lieke; van Honk, Jack; Geuze, Elbert

2017-01-01

Abstract Impulsive aggression is common among military personnel after deployment and may arise because of impaired top-down regulation of the amygdala by prefrontal regions. This study sought to further explore this hypothesis via resting-state functional connectivity analyses in impulsively aggressive combat veterans. Male combat veterans with (n = 28) and without (n = 30) impulsive aggression problems underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Functional connectivity analyses were conducted with the following seed-regions: basolateral amygdala (BLA), centromedial amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and anterior insular cortex (AIC). Regions-of-interest analyses focused on the orbitofrontal cortex and periaqueductal gray, and yielded no significant results. In exploratory cluster analyses, we observed reduced functional connectivity between the (bilateral) BLA and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the impulsive aggression group, relative to combat controls. This finding indicates that combat-related impulsive aggression may be marked by weakened functional connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal regions, already in the absence of explicit emotional stimuli. Group differences in functional connectivity were also observed between the (bilateral) ACC and left cuneus, which may be related to heightened vigilance to potentially threatening visual cues, as well as between the left AIC and right temporal pole, possibly related to negative memory association in impulsive aggression. PMID:29040723

A road damage and life-cycle greenhouse gas comparison of trucking and pipeline water delivery systems for hydraulically fractured oil and gas field development in Colorado

PubMed Central

Duthu, Ray C.

2017-01-01

The process of hydraulic fracturing for recovery of oil and natural gas uses large amounts of fresh water and produces a comparable amount of wastewater, much of which is typically transported by truck. Truck transport of water is an expensive and energy-intensive process with significant external costs including roads damages, and pollution. The integrated development plan (IDP) is the industry nomenclature for an integrated oil and gas infrastructure system incorporating pipeline-based transport of water and wastewater, centralized water treatment, and high rates of wastewater recycling. These IDP have been proposed as an alternative to truck transport systems so as to mitigate many of the economic and environmental problems associated with natural gas production, but the economic and environmental performance of these systems have not been analyzed to date. This study presents a quantification of lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and road damages of a generic oil and gas field, and of an oil and gas development sited in the Denver-Julesburg basin in the northern Colorado region of the US. Results demonstrate that a reduction in economic and environmental externalities can be derived from the development of these IDP-based pipeline water transportation systems. IDPs have marginal utility in reducing GHG emissions and road damage when they are used to replace in-field water transport, but can reduce GHG emissions and road damage by factors of as much as 6 and 7 respectively, when used to replace fresh water transport and waste-disposal routes for exemplar Northern Colorado oil and gas fields. PMID:28686682

A road damage and life-cycle greenhouse gas comparison of trucking and pipeline water delivery systems for hydraulically fractured oil and gas field development in Colorado.

PubMed

Duthu, Ray C; Bradley, Thomas H

2017-01-01

The process of hydraulic fracturing for recovery of oil and natural gas uses large amounts of fresh water and produces a comparable amount of wastewater, much of which is typically transported by truck. Truck transport of water is an expensive and energy-intensive process with significant external costs including roads damages, and pollution. The integrated development plan (IDP) is the industry nomenclature for an integrated oil and gas infrastructure system incorporating pipeline-based transport of water and wastewater, centralized water treatment, and high rates of wastewater recycling. These IDP have been proposed as an alternative to truck transport systems so as to mitigate many of the economic and environmental problems associated with natural gas production, but the economic and environmental performance of these systems have not been analyzed to date. This study presents a quantification of lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and road damages of a generic oil and gas field, and of an oil and gas development sited in the Denver-Julesburg basin in the northern Colorado region of the US. Results demonstrate that a reduction in economic and environmental externalities can be derived from the development of these IDP-based pipeline water transportation systems. IDPs have marginal utility in reducing GHG emissions and road damage when they are used to replace in-field water transport, but can reduce GHG emissions and road damage by factors of as much as 6 and 7 respectively, when used to replace fresh water transport and waste-disposal routes for exemplar Northern Colorado oil and gas fields.

Artificial Limbs

MedlinePlus

... a number of reasons. Common ones include Circulation problems from atherosclerosis or diabetes. They may cause you to need an amputation. Traumatic injuries, including from traffic accidents and military combat Cancer Birth defects If you are missing ...

Measurement of Whole-Body Vibration Exposure from Garbage Trucks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maeda, S.; Morioka, M.

1998-08-01

Japanese garbage truck drivers are exposed to mechanical whole-body vibration during their work. Some drivers have suffered from low back pain from this vibration. However, there is no evidence of a relationship between the whole-body vibration from the garbage trucks and low back pain or occupational disease, due to the lack of investigations. A field study was conducted in order to characterize the health risks associated with garbage truck work. Three different types of truck were tested at different loadings and on different road surfaces, with the vibrations measured at the driver/seat interface (x,y, andz-axes). The vibrations were compared with the health risk guidance according to Annex B of ISO 2631-1 [1]. The findings of this study indicated that Japanese garbage truck drivers should not operate trucks for 2.5 h in a day, under current working conditions.

Assessment of perceived injury risks and priorities among truck drivers and trucking companies in Washington State.

PubMed

Spielholz, Peregrin; Cullen, Jennifer; Smith, Caroline; Howard, Ninica; Silverstein, Barbara; Bonauto, David

2008-01-01

The trucking industry experiences one of the highest work-related injury rates. Little work has been conducted previously in the United States to assess the hazards, needs, and injury prevention priorities in trucking. Two separate industry-wide surveys of 359 trucking companies and 397 commercial truck drivers were conducted in Washington State. Trucking companies and drivers both ranked musculoskeletal and slip, trip, fall injuries as the top two priorities. Controlling heavy lifting, using appropriate equipment, and addressing slippery surfaces were frequently listed as solutions. There appears to be a gap in safety climate perception between workers and employers. However, driver and company priorities agreed with industry workers' compensation claims. There is room for safety program management improvement in the industry. The study findings detail opportunities for prioritizing and reducing injuries. This information can be used to focus and design interventions for the prevention of work-related injuries while improving industry competitiveness.

49 CFR 230.98 - Driving, trailing, and engine truck axles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Driving, trailing, and engine truck axles. 230.98... Locomotives and Tenders Running Gear § 230.98 Driving, trailing, and engine truck axles. (a) Condemning defects. Driving, trailing, and engine truck axles with any of the following defects shall be removed from...

76 FR 55011 - Hand Trucks and Certain Parts Thereof From the People's Republic of China; Extension of Time...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-06

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-570-891] Hand Trucks and Certain... initiation of administrative review of the antidumping duty order on hand trucks and certain parts thereof... merchandise subject to this antidumping duty order consists of hand trucks manufactured from any material...

Diesel and Truck Certification Needs Assessment: Two Surveys.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Broadbent, William A.

Recommendations for the improvement of the diesel engine and truck components of the Hawaii state certification examination for automobile and truck mechanics were solicited from 14 major private businesses repairing heavy tractor rigs and/or diesel engines on Oahu and a statewide sample of 21 trucking firms and other companies making extensive…

49 CFR 238.219 - Truck-to-car-body attachment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Truck-to-car-body attachment. 238.219 Section 238... I Passenger Equipment § 238.219 Truck-to-car-body attachment. Passenger equipment shall have a truck-to-car-body attachment with an ultimate strength sufficient to resist without failure the following...

49 CFR 238.219 - Truck-to-car-body attachment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Truck-to-car-body attachment. 238.219 Section 238... I Passenger Equipment § 238.219 Truck-to-car-body attachment. Passenger equipment shall have a truck-to-car-body attachment with an ultimate strength sufficient to resist without failure the following...

49 CFR 238.219 - Truck-to-car-body attachment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Truck-to-car-body attachment. 238.219 Section 238... I Passenger Equipment § 238.219 Truck-to-car-body attachment. Passenger equipment shall have a truck-to-car-body attachment with an ultimate strength sufficient to resist without failure the following...

49 CFR 238.219 - Truck-to-car-body attachment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Truck-to-car-body attachment. 238.219 Section 238... I Passenger Equipment § 238.219 Truck-to-car-body attachment. Passenger equipment shall have a truck-to-car-body attachment with an ultimate strength sufficient to resist without failure the following...

49 CFR 238.219 - Truck-to-car-body attachment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Truck-to-car-body attachment. 238.219 Section 238... I Passenger Equipment § 238.219 Truck-to-car-body attachment. Passenger equipment shall have a truck-to-car-body attachment with an ultimate strength sufficient to resist without failure the following...

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Idaho Transports Mail and Reduces Emissions

Science.gov Websites

with Natural Gas Trucks Idaho Transports Mail and Reduces Emissions with Natural Gas Trucks to Natural Gas Trucks on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Idaho Transports Mail and Reduces Emissions with Natural Gas Trucks on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Idaho

49 CFR 230.98 - Driving, trailing, and engine truck axles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Locomotives and Tenders Running Gear § 230.98 Driving, trailing, and engine truck axles. (a) Condemning defects. Driving, trailing, and engine truck axles with any of the following defects shall be removed from... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Driving, trailing, and engine truck axles. 230.98...

Integration and consolidation of border freight transportation data for planning applications and characterization of NAFTA truck loads for aiding in transportation infrastructure management : second year.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-07-01

Average Daily Truck Traffic (ADTT) increased dramatically in Texas in the 1990s partly because of the : implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Accurate information on truck : volumes and truck characteristics is critical t...

Estimating the supply and demand for commercial heavy truck parking on interstate highways : a case study of I-81 in Virginia.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-01-01

The increasing number of trucks traveling on Virginia highways has led to a growing demand for public rest areas and private truck stops. This study developed a methodology to determine the supply and demand for commercial heavy truck parking using I...

29 CFR 779.371 - Some automobile, truck, and farm implement establishments may qualify for exemption under section...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Some automobile, truck, and farm implement establishments... OR SERVICES Exemptions for Certain Retail or Service Establishments Automobile, Truck, Farm Implement, Trailer, and Aircraft Sales and Services § 779.371 Some automobile, truck, and farm implement...

Miami-Dade County Hydraulic Hybrid Refuse Truck Testing | Transportation

Science.gov Websites

Research | NREL Miami-Dade County Hydraulic Hybrid Refuse Truck Evaluation Miami-Dade County Hydraulic Hybrid Refuse Truck Evaluation Photo of garbage truck with view of lake and city in background. As hydraulic hybrid refuse vehicles, with 29 more on order. Photo courtesy of Parker Hannifin NREL is

High efficiency trucks : new revenues, new jobs, and improved fuel economy in the medium and heavy truck fleet.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-05-01

The move to high efficiency trucks can lead to new revenues and jobs for companies involved in the development and marketing of the technologies needed to make this transition. But in order for the medium and heavy truck industry to make this transit...

Occupational Fatalities Among Driver/Sales Workers and Truck Drivers in the United States, 2003–2008

PubMed Central

Chen, Guang X.; Amandus, Harlan E.; Wu, Nan

2015-01-01

Background This study provides a national profile of occupational fatalities among truck drivers and driver-sales workers. Methods Data from the 2003–2008 Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries were used. Cases were extracted specifically for occupational subcategories included in the Driver/Sales Workers and Truck Drivers occupational category: Driver/Sales Workers, Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers, and Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers. Results In 2003–2008, the group Driver/Sales Workers and Truck Drivers had 5,568 occupational fatalities, representing 17% of all occupational fatalities in the United States. The majority of these fatalities were in the subgroup Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers (85%) and due to transportation incidents (80%). Older and male drivers had higher fatality rates than their counterparts. Conclusions Findings suggest a need for targeted interventions to reduce highway fatalities among heavy truck drivers. Better employment data are needed to separate the three occupational subcategories by worker characteristic and employment history for use in research and prevention efforts. PMID:24811905

Combat-related blast-induced neurotrauma: a public health problem?

PubMed

Jett, Shirley

2010-01-01

The purpose of this article is to raise nurses' awareness of the significance and potential public health impact of combat-related blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT) in U.S. troops returning from Afghanistan and Iraq. A comprehensive review of the current literature on BINT was completed by the author, based primarily on combat-related blast exposure in the military population. She found that it is necessary to theorize about potential etiologies for mild traumatic brain injury in the military population since the literature suggests that neurological and psychological trauma resulting from military duty may be linked to exposure to blasts. Identification of potential risk factors for BINT in the military population provides direction for scientific inquiry into this emerging phenomenon. Gaps in current knowledge and its health implications for future scientific study in nursing are presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Modeling mechanical restriction differences between car and heavy truck in two-lane cellular automata traffic flow model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Xin; Li, Xingang; Xiao, Yao; Jia, Bin

2016-06-01

Real traffic is heterogeneous with car and truck. Due to mechanical restrictions, the car and the truck have different limited deceleration capabilities, which are important factors in safety driving. This paper extends the single lane safety driving (SD) model with limited deceleration capability to two-lane SD model, in which car-truck heterogeneous traffic is considered. A car has a larger limited deceleration capability while a heavy truck has a smaller limited deceleration capability as a result of loaded goods. Then the safety driving conditions are different as the types of the following and the leading vehicles vary. In order to eliminate the well-known plug in heterogeneous two-lane traffic, it is assumed that heavy truck has active deceleration behavior when the heavy truck perceives the forming plug. The lane-changing decisions are also determined by the safety driving conditions. The fundamental diagram, spatiotemporal diagram, and lane-changing frequency were investigated to show the effect of mechanical restriction on heterogeneous traffic flow. It was shown that there would be still three traffic phases in heterogeneous traffic condition; the active deceleration of the heavy truck could well eliminate the plug; the lane-changing frequency was low in synchronized flow; the flow and velocity would decrease as the proportion of heavy truck grows or the limited deceleration capability of heavy truck drops; and the flow could be improved with lane control measures.

Weather impacts on single-vehicle truck crash injury severity.

PubMed

Naik, Bhaven; Tung, Li-Wei; Zhao, Shanshan; Khattak, Aemal J

2016-09-01

The focus of this paper is on illustrating the feasibility of aggregating data from disparate sources to investigate the relationship between single-vehicle truck crash injury severity and detailed weather conditions. Specifically, this paper presents: (a) a methodology that combines detailed 15-min weather station data with crash and roadway data, and (b) an empirical investigation of the effects of weather on crash-related injury severities of single-vehicle truck crashes. Random parameters ordinal and multinomial regression models were used to investigate crash injury severity under different weather conditions, taking into account the individual unobserved heterogeneity. The adopted methodology allowed consideration of environmental, roadway, and climate-related variables in single-vehicle truck crash injury severity. Results showed that wind speed, rain, humidity, and air temperature were linked with single-vehicle truck crash injury severity. Greater recorded wind speed added to the severity of injuries in single-vehicle truck crashes in general. Rain and warmer air temperatures were linked to more severe crash injuries in single-vehicle truck crashes while higher levels of humidity were linked to less severe injuries. Random parameters ordered logit and multinomial logit, respectively, revealed some individual heterogeneity in the data and showed that integrating comprehensive weather data with crash data provided useful insights into factors associated with single-vehicle truck crash injury severity. The research provided a practical method that combined comprehensive 15-min weather station data with crash and roadway data, thereby providing useful insights into crash injury severity of single-vehicle trucks. Those insights are useful for future truck driver educational programs and for truck safety in different weather conditions. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd and National Safety Council. All rights reserved.

Analysis of work zone rear-end crash risk for different vehicle-following patterns.

PubMed

Weng, Jinxian; Meng, Qiang; Yan, Xuedong

2014-11-01

This study evaluates rear-end crash risk associated with work zone operations for four different vehicle-following patterns: car-car, car-truck, truck-car and truck-truck. The deceleration rate to avoid the crash (DRAC) is adopted to measure work zone rear-end crash risk. Results show that the car-truck following pattern has the largest rear-end crash risk, followed by truck-truck, truck-car and car-car patterns. This implies that it is more likely for a car which is following a truck to be involved in a rear-end crash accident. The statistical test results further confirm that rear-end crash risk is statistically different between any two of the four patterns. We therefore develop a rear-end crash risk model for each vehicle-following pattern in order to examine the relationship between rear-end crash risk and its influencing factors, including lane position, the heavy vehicle percentage, lane traffic flow and work intensity which can be characterized by the number of lane reductions, the number of workers and the amount of equipment at the work zone site. The model results show that, for each pattern, there will be a greater rear-end crash risk in the following situations: (i) heavy work intensity; (ii) the lane adjacent to work zone; (iii) a higher proportion of heavy vehicles and (iv) greater traffic flow. However, the effects of these factors on rear-end crash risk are found to vary according to the vehicle-following patterns. Compared with the car-car pattern, lane position has less effect on rear-end crash risk in the car-truck pattern. The effect of work intensity on rear-end crash risk is also reduced in the truck-car pattern. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comparison of NOx emissions from China III and China IV in-use diesel trucks based on on-road measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yao, Zhiliang; Wu, Bobo; Wu, Yunong; Cao, Xinyue; Jiang, Xi

2015-12-01

To mitigate NOx and other emissions from diesel vehicles, China I, China II, China III and China IV emissions standards for new vehicles have been implemented nationwide. However, recent on-road measurements using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) have revealed no significant reductions in the NOx emissions factors of diesel trucks due to the change from China II emissions standards to the more stringent China III standards. Thus, it is important to understand the effect of the China IV emissions standard on NOx emissions. In this study, nine China III and nine China IV diesel trucks of three sizes (light-duty diesel trucks (LDDTs), medium-duty diesel trucks (MDDTs) and heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDDTs)) were tested on real roads in Beijing using a PEMS. Compared to the tested China III diesel trucks, the China IV diesel trucks showed significant reductions of the average NOx emissions factors in terms of both distance travelled and fuel consumption. However, the driving conditions had an important impact on the reduction. Under non-highway driving (NHD), several of the tested China IV diesel trucks experienced no reduction or an increase in NOx emissions compared to their China III counterparts. The NOx emissions factors of the 18 tested diesel trucks under NHD were on average 1.5-times greater than those under highway driving (HD), and the effects on NOx emissions removal from China III to China IV diesel trucks were greater under HD than under NHD. In addition, no significant reduction of NOx based on fuel consumption for China IV diesel trucks was observed for MDDTs and HDDTs compared to the test results for similar China II vehicles reported in a previous study. To reduce NOx emissions in China, additional control measures of vehicular NOx emissions should be formulated.

Land degradation, government subsidy, and smallholders' conservation decision: the case of the loess plateau in China.

PubMed

Shi, Min-Jun; Chen, Kevin

2004-12-01

Land degradation is one of the severe environmental problems in China. In order to combat land degradation, a soil conservation program was introduced since 2000 to reduce soil erosion by converting slope-cultivated land into forestry and pasture. This paper represents the first systematic attempt to investigate the impact of the soil conservation program on land degradation in the loess plateau. The results indicate that the soil conservation program to convert slope fields into forest or pasture is an effective way to combat soil erosion. However, a subsidy that is higher than profit of land use activity of slope fields before their conversion into forest and pasture is needed to encourage farmers to join the conservation program. A policy measure to encourage and assist farmers to develop sedentary livestock by using crops produced from fields as well as fodder and forage grass from the converted slope fields might contribute to combat soil erosion. Increase in off-farm job opportunities may encourage households to reduce cultivation in slope fields. That implies a policy measure to encourage rural urbanization might contribute to combat soil erosion.

Aggressive and violent behavior among military personnel deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan: prevalence and link with deployment and combat exposure.

PubMed

MacManus, Deirdre; Rona, Roberto; Dickson, Hannah; Somaini, Greta; Fear, Nicola; Wessely, Simon

2015-01-01

A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted on studies of the prevalence of aggressive and violent behavior, as well as of violent offenses and convictions, among military personnel following deployment to Iraq and/or Afghanistan; the relationship with deployment and combat exposure; and the role that mental health problems, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), have on the pathway between deployment and combat to violence. Seventeen studies published between January 1, 2001, and February 12, 2014, in the United States and the United Kingdom met the inclusion criteria. Despite methodological differences across studies, aggressive behavior was found to be prevalent among serving and formerly serving personnel, with pooled estimates of 10% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1, 20) for physical assault and 29% (95% CI: 25, 36) for all types of physical aggression in the last month, and worthy of further exploration. In both countries, rates were increased among combat-exposed, formerly serving personnel. The majority of studies suggested a small-to-moderate association between combat exposure and postdeployment physical aggression and violence, with a pooled estimate of the weighted odds ratio = 3.24 (95% CI: 2.75, 3.82), with several studies finding that violence increased with intensity and frequency of exposure to combat traumas. The review's findings support the mediating role of PTSD between combat and postdeployment violence and the importance of alcohol, especially if comorbid with PTSD. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Potential benefits of underride guards in large truck side crashes.

PubMed

Brumbelow, Matthew L

2012-01-01

To evaluate the maximum potential for side underride guards (SUGs) to reduce passenger vehicle occupant fatalities and injuries in crashes with large trucks in the United States. Examination of the Large Truck Crash Causation Study (LTCCS) identified 206 crash events involving a passenger vehicle impact with the side of a large truck. Each case was evaluated to determine whether the most severe injury sustained by a passenger vehicle occupant was a result of the impact with the side of the truck and whether an SUG could have reduced the injury severity. Data from the 2006-2008 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and Trucks Involved in Fatal Accidents (TIFA) survey were used to compare the types of trucks involved in all fatal side impacts with passenger vehicles with the truck types in the LTCCS cases that were studied. FARS and TIFA data also were used to estimate the total annual number of passenger vehicle occupants killed in truck side impacts. In 143 of the 206 cases, the truck side impact produced the most severe injury sustained by a passenger vehicle occupant. In the other cases, no passenger vehicle occupant was injured or the most severe injury was due to an event preceding or following the truck side impact. Forty-nine of these occupants sustained injuries coded as level 3 or higher on the abbreviated injury scale (AIS) or were killed. SUGs could have reduced injury severity in 76 of the 143 cases, including 38 of the 49 cases with an AIS ≥ 3 coded injury or fatality. Semi-trailers were the most common type of impacted truck unit, both overall and when considering only cases where an SUG could have mitigated injury severity. Crashes where the front of the passenger vehicle struck the side of the semi-trailer perpendicularly or obliquely from the oncoming direction were less common overall than side-to-side and oblique/same direction crashes but more often produced an AIS ≥ 3 injury or fatality. The distribution of truck types in the LTCCS sample was similar to that in the FARS and TIFA data. Overall, around 1600 passenger vehicle occupants were killed in 2-vehicle truck side impact crashes during 2006-2008, or 22 percent of all passenger vehicle occupants who died in 2-vehicle crashes with large trucks. Structural incompatibility was a common factor in LTCCS crashes between passenger vehicles and the sides of large trucks. SUGs could have reduced injury risk in around three fourths of the crashes that produced an AIS ≥ 3 injury or fatality. Most of these crashes involved semi-trailers. However, the necessary strength and location of these SUGs present technical challenges that need to be addressed.

Characterization of transit ride quality.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-08-01

Strategies often proposed to combat the growing traffic congestion problems of urban environments target enhancements to increase the use of bus transit. Therefore, service providers are keen to identify and understand factors that could attract more...

Drayage Truckers Best Practices

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Drayage truckers best practices include: replacing older trucks with newer cleaner trucks, avoiding idling, maintaining engines, retrofitting trucks with verified technologies, and operating during off-peak hours.

Leaders We Have A Problem! It is Teacher Retention...What Can We Do About It?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, La'Shonte; Kritsonis, William Allan

2007-01-01

This article examines the schoolwork environment and how to combat the major problem of teacher retention. Leaders within an organization have the important task of motivating their employees. Various organizations will spend extra money every year developing new programs to keep quality employees. Still, leaders are wondering why so many of their…

Defense Health Care: 2008 Access to Care Surveys Indicate Some Problems, but Beneficiary Satisfaction Is Similar to Other Health Plans

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

reported that servicemembers and their families are at risk for mental health problems given the stress of deployment and exposure to combat. A...office-based civilian medical doctors or licensed civilian doctors of osteopathy within the specified locations who were engaged in more than 20

Academic Literacy and Cultural Familiarity: Developing and Assessing Academic Literacy Resources for Chinese Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, Fiona; Whitelaw, Paul A.

2013-01-01

Academic dishonesty, including plagiarism, is a chronic problem. This paper reports the results of a project undertaken at a public funded university in Melbourne, Australia, in partnership with colleagues from a public funded university in Beijing, China, to combat this and other problems associated with academic literacy. The prime focus of the…

Biology and Water Pollution Control.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Warren, Charles E.

Within this text, the reader is attuned to the role biology can and should play in combating the alarming increase in water pollution. Both the urgency of the problem and the biological techniques that are being developed to cope with the water pollution crisis are scrutinized; what is and is not known about the problem is explained; past,…

Improving global health governance to combat counterfeit medicines: a proposal for a UNODC-WHO-Interpol trilateral mechanism.

PubMed

Mackey, Tim K; Liang, Bryan A

2013-10-31

Perhaps no greater challenge exists for public health, patient safety, and shared global health security, than fake/falsified/fraudulent, poor quality unregulated drugs, also commonly known as "counterfeit medicines", now endemic in the global drug supply chain. Counterfeit medicines are prevalent everywhere, from traditional healthcare settings to unregulated sectors, including the Internet. These dangerous medicines are expanding in both therapeutic and geographic scope, threatening patient lives, leading to antimicrobial resistance, and profiting criminal actors. Despite clear global public health threats, surveillance for counterfeit medicines remains extremely limited, with available data pointing to an increasing global criminal trade that has yet to be addressed appropriately. Efforts by a variety of public and private sector entities, national governments, and international organizations have made inroads in combating this illicit trade, but are stymied by ineffectual governance and divergent interests. Specifically, recent efforts by the World Health Organization, the primary international public health agency, have failed to adequately incorporate the broad array of stakeholders necessary to combat the problem. This has left the task of combating counterfeit medicines to other organizations such as UN Office of Drugs and Crime and Interpol in order to fill this policy gap. To address the current failure of the international community to mobilize against the worldwide counterfeit medicines threat, we recommend the establishment of an enhanced global health governance trilateral mechanism between WHO, UNODC, and Interpol to leverage the respective strengths and resources of these organizations. This would allow these critical organizations, already engaged in the fight against counterfeit medicines, to focus on and coordinate their respective domains of transnational crime prevention, public health, and law enforcement field operations. Specifically, by forming a global partnership that focuses on combating the transnational criminal and patient safety elements of this pre-eminent global health problem, there can be progress against counterfeit drugs and their purveyors.

Improving global health governance to combat counterfeit medicines: a proposal for a UNODC-WHO-Interpol trilateral mechanism

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Perhaps no greater challenge exists for public health, patient safety, and shared global health security, than fake/falsified/fraudulent, poor quality unregulated drugs, also commonly known as “counterfeit medicines”, now endemic in the global drug supply chain. Counterfeit medicines are prevalent everywhere, from traditional healthcare settings to unregulated sectors, including the Internet. These dangerous medicines are expanding in both therapeutic and geographic scope, threatening patient lives, leading to antimicrobial resistance, and profiting criminal actors. Discussion Despite clear global public health threats, surveillance for counterfeit medicines remains extremely limited, with available data pointing to an increasing global criminal trade that has yet to be addressed appropriately. Efforts by a variety of public and private sector entities, national governments, and international organizations have made inroads in combating this illicit trade, but are stymied by ineffectual governance and divergent interests. Specifically, recent efforts by the World Health Organization, the primary international public health agency, have failed to adequately incorporate the broad array of stakeholders necessary to combat the problem. This has left the task of combating counterfeit medicines to other organizations such as UN Office of Drugs and Crime and Interpol in order to fill this policy gap. Summary To address the current failure of the international community to mobilize against the worldwide counterfeit medicines threat, we recommend the establishment of an enhanced global health governance trilateral mechanism between WHO, UNODC, and Interpol to leverage the respective strengths and resources of these organizations. This would allow these critical organizations, already engaged in the fight against counterfeit medicines, to focus on and coordinate their respective domains of transnational crime prevention, public health, and law enforcement field operations. Specifically, by forming a global partnership that focuses on combating the transnational criminal and patient safety elements of this pre-eminent global health problem, there can be progress against counterfeit drugs and their purveyors. PMID:24228892

75 FR 76518 - Volvo Trucks North America and Mack Trucks, Inc., Receipt of Petition for Decision of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-08

... manufactured from March 1, 2007 through December 11, 2009. A total of 1,916 affected Volvo trucks were... trucks were manufactured from March 1, 2007, through December 11, 2009. A total 1,287 affected Mack... that their petition, to exempt them from providing recall notification of noncompliance as required by...

76 FR 36083 - Hand Trucks and Certain Parts Thereof From the People's Republic of China: Final Results and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-21

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-570-891] Hand Trucks and Certain... review of the antidumping duty order on hand trucks and certain parts thereof from the People's Republic of China (PRC). See Hand Trucks and Certain Parts Thereof from the People's Republic of China...

77 FR 41744 - Hand Trucks and Certain Parts Thereof From the People's Republic of China: Final Results of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-16

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-570-891] Hand Trucks and Certain... order on hand trucks and certain parts thereof from the People's Republic of China (PRC).\\1\\ Based upon...\\ See Hand Trucks and Certain Parts Thereof from the People's Republic of China: Preliminary Results of...

75 FR 29314 - Hand Trucks and Parts Thereof from the People's Republic of China: Final Results of Antidumping...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-25

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-570-891] Hand Trucks and Parts... preliminary results of administrative review of the antidumping duty order on hand trucks and certain parts... review of the antidumping duty order on hand trucks and certain parts thereof from the People's Republic...

Ralphs Grocery EC-Diesel Truck Fleet: Final Results

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

2003-02-01

DOE's Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies sponsored a research project with Ralphs Grocery Company to collect and analyze data on the performance and operation of 15 diesel trucks fueled with EC-Diesel in commercial service. These trucks were compared to 5 diesel trucks fueled with CARB diesel and operating on similar routes. This document reports this evaluation.

27 CFR 24.229 - Tank car and tank truck requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Tank car and tank truck... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL WINE Spirits § 24.229 Tank car and tank truck requirements. Railroad tank cars and tank trucks used to transport spirits for use in wine production will be constructed...

27 CFR 24.229 - Tank car and tank truck requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Tank car and tank truck... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS WINE Spirits § 24.229 Tank car and tank truck requirements. Railroad tank cars and tank trucks used to transport spirits for use in wine production will be constructed...

27 CFR 24.229 - Tank car and tank truck requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Tank car and tank truck... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS WINE Spirits § 24.229 Tank car and tank truck requirements. Railroad tank cars and tank trucks used to transport spirits for use in wine production will be constructed...

27 CFR 24.229 - Tank car and tank truck requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Tank car and tank truck... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL WINE Spirits § 24.229 Tank car and tank truck requirements. Railroad tank cars and tank trucks used to transport spirits for use in wine production will be constructed...

27 CFR 24.229 - Tank car and tank truck requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Tank car and tank truck... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS WINE Spirits § 24.229 Tank car and tank truck requirements. Railroad tank cars and tank trucks used to transport spirits for use in wine production will be constructed...

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Virginia Cleans up With Natural Gas Refuse

Science.gov Websites

Trucks Virginia Cleans up With Natural Gas Refuse Trucks to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Virginia Cleans up With Natural Gas Refuse Trucks on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Virginia Cleans up With Natural Gas Refuse Trucks on Twitter Bookmark Alternative

Investigation of Truck Size and Weight Limits - Technical Supplement. Vol. 1. Analysis of Truck Payloads Under Various Limits of Size, Weight and Configuration

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-02-01

This volume documents the results of an analysis of the impact that various truck size and weight limits have on the carrier equipment selection process as a result of changes, in the design payload and design density of individual trucks. An analysi...

29 CFR 779.371 - Some automobile, truck, and farm implement establishments may qualify for exemption under section...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Some automobile, truck, and farm implement establishments... OR SERVICES Exemptions for Certain Retail or Service Establishments Automobile, Truck and Farm Implement Sales and Services, and Trailer, Boat and Aircraft Sales § 779.371 Some automobile, truck, and...

29 CFR 779.371 - Some automobile, truck, and farm implement establishments may qualify for exemption under section...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Some automobile, truck, and farm implement establishments... OR SERVICES Exemptions for Certain Retail or Service Establishments Automobile, Truck and Farm Implement Sales and Services, and Trailer, Boat and Aircraft Sales § 779.371 Some automobile, truck, and...

29 CFR 779.371 - Some automobile, truck, and farm implement establishments may qualify for exemption under section...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Some automobile, truck, and farm implement establishments... OR SERVICES Exemptions for Certain Retail or Service Establishments Automobile, Truck and Farm Implement Sales and Services, and Trailer, Boat and Aircraft Sales § 779.371 Some automobile, truck, and...

29 CFR 779.371 - Some automobile, truck, and farm implement establishments may qualify for exemption under section...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Some automobile, truck, and farm implement establishments... OR SERVICES Exemptions for Certain Retail or Service Establishments Automobile, Truck and Farm Implement Sales and Services, and Trailer, Boat and Aircraft Sales § 779.371 Some automobile, truck, and...

78 FR 24373 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Wisconsin; Amendments to Vehicle...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-25

... cars and light trucks have been inspected by scanning the vehicle's computerized second generation on... technology (MY 1995 and earlier cars and light trucks and MY 2006 and earlier heavy trucks). III. What... light duty vehicles and trucks up to 8,500 pounds GVWR, and includes vehicles operating on all fuel...

Logging truck noise near nesting northern goshawks

Treesearch

Teryl G. Grubb; Larry L. Pater; David K. Delaney

1998-01-01

We measured noise levels of four logging trucks as the trucks passed within approximately 500 m of two active northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) nests on the Kaibab Plateau in northern Arizona in 1997. Neither a brooding adult female nor a lone juvenile exhibited any discernable behavioral response to logging truck noise, which peaked at 53.4 and...

77 FR 75257 - Proposed Collection of Information: Medium- and Heavy-Duty Truck Fleet Survey

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-19

...-0170] Proposed Collection of Information: Medium- and Heavy-Duty Truck Fleet Survey AGENCY: National... collection of information will be in the form of a one-time survey of medium- and heavy-duty truck fleet... collection. OMB Control Number: To be issued at time of approval. Title: Medium- and Heavy-Duty Truck Fleet...

9 CFR 71.6 - Carrier responsible for cleaning and disinfecting of railroad cars, trucks, boats, aircraft or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... disinfecting of railroad cars, trucks, boats, aircraft or other means of conveyance. 71.6 Section 71.6 Animals... for cleaning and disinfecting of railroad cars, trucks, boats, aircraft or other means of conveyance. (a) Railroad cars, trucks, boats, aircraft, and other means of conveyance which have been used in the...

9 CFR 71.6 - Carrier responsible for cleaning and disinfecting of railroad cars, trucks, boats, aircraft or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... disinfecting of railroad cars, trucks, boats, aircraft or other means of conveyance. 71.6 Section 71.6 Animals... for cleaning and disinfecting of railroad cars, trucks, boats, aircraft or other means of conveyance. (a) Railroad cars, trucks, boats, aircraft, and other means of conveyance which have been used in the...

9 CFR 71.6 - Carrier responsible for cleaning and disinfecting of railroad cars, trucks, boats, aircraft or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... disinfecting of railroad cars, trucks, boats, aircraft or other means of conveyance. 71.6 Section 71.6 Animals... for cleaning and disinfecting of railroad cars, trucks, boats, aircraft or other means of conveyance. (a) Railroad cars, trucks, boats, aircraft, and other means of conveyance which have been used in the...

9 CFR 71.6 - Carrier responsible for cleaning and disinfecting of railroad cars, trucks, boats, aircraft or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... disinfecting of railroad cars, trucks, boats, aircraft or other means of conveyance. 71.6 Section 71.6 Animals... for cleaning and disinfecting of railroad cars, trucks, boats, aircraft or other means of conveyance. (a) Railroad cars, trucks, boats, aircraft, and other means of conveyance which have been used in the...

9 CFR 71.6 - Carrier responsible for cleaning and disinfecting of railroad cars, trucks, boats, aircraft or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... disinfecting of railroad cars, trucks, boats, aircraft or other means of conveyance. 71.6 Section 71.6 Animals... for cleaning and disinfecting of railroad cars, trucks, boats, aircraft or other means of conveyance. (a) Railroad cars, trucks, boats, aircraft, and other means of conveyance which have been used in the...

49 CFR 230.100 - Defects in tender truck axles and journals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Defects in tender truck axles and journals. 230... Steam Locomotives and Tenders Running Gear § 230.100 Defects in tender truck axles and journals. (a... wheel seats that is more than 1/8 of an inch in depth. (b) Tender truck journal condemning defects...

Trends in the size distribution, highway use, and consumption of gasoline and diesel fuels of the U.S. Commercial Truck Fleet, 1977-2002.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bertram, K. M.; Santini, D. J.; Anderson, J. L.

2008-01-01

This paper focuses on various major long-range (1977-2002, 1982-2002) U.S. commercial trucking trends by using U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census Vehicle/Truck Inventory and Use Survey (VIUS/TIUS) data from this period, as well as selected 1977-2002 data from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Energy Information Administration (EIA) and the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA's) Highway Statistics. Analyses are made of (1) overall passenger vehicle versus truck consumption patterns of gasoline and diesel fuel and (2) the population growth and fuels used by all commercial truck classes and selected truck types (single unit and combination).more » Selected vehicle miles traveled, gallons per vehicle miles traveled, and gallons per cargo ton-miles traveled trends, as well as the effect of cargo tons per truck on fuel consumption, are also assessed. In addition, long-range trends of related factors (such as long-haul mileages driven by heavy trucks) and their impacts on both reducing fuel consumption per cargo-ton-mile and the relative shares of total commercial fuel use among truck classes were examined. Results of these trends on U.S. petroleum consumption are identified. The effects of basic engineering design and performance, national Interstate highway construction legislation, national demographic trends (such as suburbanization), and changes in U.S. corporate operational requirements are discussed. Their impacts on both the long-distance hauling and shorter-distance urban and suburban delivery markets of the commercial trucking industry are highlighted.« less

75 FR 7426 - Tier 2 Light-Duty Vehicle and Light-Duty Truck Emission Standards and Gasoline Sulfur Control...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-19

... 2060-AI23; 2060-AQ12 Tier 2 Light-Duty Vehicle and Light-Duty Truck Emission Standards and Gasoline... February 10, 2000 (65 FR 6698), EPA published emission standards for light-duty vehicles and light-duty... new passenger cars and light trucks, including pickup trucks, vans, minivans, and sport-utility...

Alternative Fuels Data Center: How Do Natural Gas Class 8 Trucks Work?

Science.gov Websites

Natural Gas Class 8 Trucks Work? to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: How Do Natural Gas Class 8 Trucks Work? on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: How Do Natural Gas Class 8 Trucks Work? on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: How Do Natural Gas Class 8

27 CFR 27.174 - Tank cars and tank trucks to be sealed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Tank cars and tank trucks... Tank cars and tank trucks to be sealed. Where a shipment of distilled spirits from customs custody to the distilled spirits plant is made in a tank car or tank truck, all openings affording access to the...

27 CFR 27.174 - Tank cars and tank trucks to be sealed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Tank cars and tank trucks... Tank cars and tank trucks to be sealed. Where a shipment of distilled spirits from customs custody to the distilled spirits plant is made in a tank car or tank truck, all openings affording access to the...

27 CFR 27.174 - Tank cars and tank trucks to be sealed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Tank cars and tank trucks... Tank cars and tank trucks to be sealed. Where a shipment of distilled spirits from customs custody to the distilled spirits plant is made in a tank car or tank truck, all openings affording access to the...

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Kentucky Trucking Company Adds CNG Vehicles

Science.gov Websites

run on compressed natural gas (CNG) in Lousiville, Kentucky. Download QuickTime Video QuickTime (.mov California Nov. 18, 2017 Photo of a car Smart Car Shopping Nov. 4, 2017 Photo of a truck Natural Gas Vehicles truck Idaho Transports Mail and Reduces Emissions with Natural Gas Trucks June 23, 2017 Photo of a

Alternative Fuels Data Center: How Do Liquefied Natural Gas Trucks Work?

Science.gov Websites

Liquefied Natural Gas Trucks Work? to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: How Do Liquefied Natural Gas Trucks Work? on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: How Do Liquefied Natural Gas Trucks Work? on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: How Do Liquefied Natural Gas

40 CFR 86.097-9 - Emission standards for 1997 and later model year light-duty trucks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

....097-9 Emission standards for 1997 and later model year light-duty trucks. (a)(1) Standards—(i) Light... standards. (ii) Heavy light-duty trucks. (A) Exhaust emissions from 1997 and later model year heavy light... model year light-duty trucks from compliance at low altitude with the emission standards set forth in...

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Truck Stop Electrification for Heavy-Duty

Science.gov Websites

-board equipment so trucks can plug into electrical outlets at the truck stop. To use dual-system electrification, trucks must be equipped with AC equipment or an inverter to convert 120-volt power, electrical equipment, and hardware to plug in to the electrical outlet. Necessary electrical equipment might include an

26 CFR 48.4061(a)-5 - Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis. 48..., Tread Rubber, and Taxable Fuel Automotive and Related Items § 48.4061(a)-5 Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis. (a) Sale of completed vehicle. An automobile truck (as defined by § 48.4061(a)-3(a...

26 CFR 48.4061(a)-5 - Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis. 48..., Tread Rubber, and Taxable Fuel Automotive and Related Items § 48.4061(a)-5 Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis. (a) Sale of completed vehicle. An automobile truck (as defined by § 48.4061(a)-3(a...

29 CFR 570.129 - Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds... Amended Exemptions § 570.129 Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds. Section 13(c)(6... employment, perform the occasional and incidental driving of automobiles and trucks on public highways under...

26 CFR 48.4061(a)-5 - Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis. 48..., Tread Rubber, and Taxable Fuel Automotive and Related Items § 48.4061(a)-5 Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis. (a) Sale of completed vehicle. An automobile truck (as defined by § 48.4061(a)-3(a...

29 CFR 570.129 - Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds... Amended Exemptions § 570.129 Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds. Section 13(c)(6... employment, perform the occasional and incidental driving of automobiles and trucks on public highways under...

26 CFR 48.4061(a)-5 - Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis. 48..., Tread Rubber, and Taxable Fuel Automotive and Related Items § 48.4061(a)-5 Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis. (a) Sale of completed vehicle. An automobile truck (as defined by § 48.4061(a)-3(a...

29 CFR 570.129 - Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds... Amended Exemptions § 570.129 Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds. Section 13(c)(6... employment, perform the occasional and incidental driving of automobiles and trucks on public highways under...

29 CFR 570.129 - Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds... Amended Exemptions § 570.129 Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds. Section 13(c)(6... employment, perform the occasional and incidental driving of automobiles and trucks on public highways under...

Health promotion in the trucking setting: Understanding Dutch truck drivers' road to healthy lifestyle changes.

PubMed

Boeijinga, Anniek; Hoeken, Hans; Sanders, José

2016-10-17

The working environment, the nature of the work, and the characteristics of truck drivers as a social group typically pose great challenges for the truck drivers' health and health promotion activities aiming to improve it. The purpose was to obtain a better understanding of (a) Dutch truck drivers' perceptions of health and lifestyle themes, and (b) the challenges they experience in their pursuit of a more healthy lifestyle, as a guiding framework for the development of health interventions targeting this occupational group. In this qualitative study, we conducted and analyzed 20 semi-structured interviews and seven cases of participant observations with Dutch truck drivers. Grounded theory was used to analyze the data. Our findings illustrate that Dutch truck drivers wish to improve their lifestyle but have unproductive associations with concepts of healthy living as well as a tendency to downplay their health risks. In addition, they experience barriers within their work and personal environment that prevent them from translating their intentions into actual lifestyle changes. Based on the insights derived from the interviews, we discuss recommendations for the development of more effective health promotion interventions for truck drivers.

Characteristics of particle number and mass emissions during heavy-duty diesel truck parked active DPF regeneration in an ambient air dilution tunnel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoon, Seungju; Quiros, David C.; Dwyer, Harry A.; Collins, John F.; Burnitzki, Mark; Chernich, Donald; Herner, Jorn D.

2015-12-01

Diesel particle number and mass emissions were measured during parked active regeneration of diesel particulate filters (DPF) in two heavy-duty diesel trucks: one equipped with a DPF and one equipped with a DPF + SCR (selective catalytic reduction), and compliant with the 2007 and 2010 emission standards, respectively. The emission measurements were conducted using an ambient air dilution tunnel. During parked active regeneration, particulate matter (PM) mass emissions measured from a 2007 technology truck were significantly higher than the emissions from a 2010 technology truck. Particle number emissions from both trucks were dominated by nucleation mode particles having a diameter less than 50 nm; nucleation mode particles were orders of magnitude higher than accumulation mode particles having a diameter greater than 50 nm. Accumulation mode particles contributed 77.8 %-95.8 % of the 2007 truck PM mass, but only 7.3 %-28.2 % of the 2010 truck PM mass.

History of the 4th Battalion, 37th Armored Regiment in Operation Desert Shield/Storm. Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-04-15

model white Toyota truck pulled into the LOGPAC area. An Arab jumped out of the driver’s side of the vehicle and grabbed a five gallon can out of the...truck bed. He looked at SGT Stephen I. Lee, the D Co supply sergeant, and asked, "Gauss? Gauss?" The Toyota truck was parked one hundred meters away...from the Toyota truck and began to happily roll an empty fifty-five gallon drum off the truck. Seeing as how I did not suffer from the same hearing

Etiology of depression comorbidity in combat-related PTSD: a review of the literature.

PubMed

Stander, Valerie A; Thomsen, Cynthia J; Highfill-McRoy, Robyn M

2014-03-01

Posttraumatic stress disorder is often diagnosed with other mental health problems, particularly depression. Although PTSD comorbidity has been associated with more severe and chronic symptomology, relationships among commonly co-occurring disorders are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to review the literature regarding the development of depression comorbid with combat-related PTSD among military personnel. We summarize results of commonly tested hypotheses about the etiology of PTSD and depression comorbidity, including (1) causal hypotheses, (2) common factor hypotheses, and (3) potential confounds. Evidence suggests that PTSD may be a causal risk factor for subsequent depression; however, associations are likely complex, involving bidirectional causality, common risk factors, and common vulnerabilities. The unique nature of PTSD-depression comorbidity in the context of military deployment and combat exposure is emphasized. Implications of our results for clinical practice and future research are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Mental health care use by soldiers conducting counterinsurgency operations.

PubMed

Applewhite, Larry; Keller, Nathan; Borah, Adam

2012-05-01

Counterinsurgency (COIN) has become the cornerstone of the military's strategy to combat terrorist threats. COIN operations are complex and often expose soldiers to unfamiliar stressors as they fight the enemy while developing and maintaining rapport with the local populace. Utilizing a retrospective record review protocol, we examined 282 mental health files of soldiers assigned to a brigade combat team that operated from a large forward operating base in Iraq during the counterinsurgency campaign. Most reported sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, irritability, and conflict with supervisors related to either operational stress, exposure to direct combat, or home front concerns. Most received brief individual supportive therapy or attended solution-focused group counseling emphasizing life skills training, post-traumatic stress treatment, women's support, or relationship skills. Psychopharmacologic treatment was an essential adjunct to the counseling program. Results indicate that supporting a COIN deployment requires a comprehensive mental health program that can respond to a wide range of mental health problems.

41 CFR 50-210.1 - Coverage under the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act of truck drivers employed by oil dealers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...-Healey Public Contracts Act of truck drivers employed by oil dealers. 50-210.1 Section 50-210.1 Public...-210.1 Coverage under the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act of truck drivers employed by oil dealers... Interpretations No. 2 1 with respect to coverage under the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act of truck drivers...

A Systematic Review of Dropout From Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Iraq and Afghanistan Combat Veterans.

PubMed

Goetter, Elizabeth M; Bui, Eric; Ojserkis, Rebecca A; Zakarian, Rebecca J; Brendel, Rebecca Weintraub; Simon, Naomi M

2015-10-01

A significant number of veterans of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet underutilization of mental health treatment remains a significant problem. The purpose of this review was to summarize rates of dropout from outpatient, psychosocial PTSD interventions provided to U.S. Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), and Operation New Dawn (OND) veterans with combat-related PTSD. There were 788 articles that were identified which yielded 20 studies involving 1,191 individuals eligible for the review. The dropout rates in individual studies ranged from 5.0% to 78.2%, and the overall pooled dropout rate was 36%, 95% CI [26.20, 43.90]. The dropout rate differed marginally by study type (routine clinical care settings had higher dropout rates than clinical trials) and treatment format (group treatment had higher dropout rates than individual treatment), but not by whether comorbid substance dependence was excluded, by treatment modality (telemedicine vs. in-person treatment), or treatment type (exposure therapy vs. nonexposure therapy). Dropout is a critical aspect of the problem of underutilization of care among OEF/OIF/OND veterans with combat-related PTSD. Innovative strategies to enhance treatment retention are needed. Copyright © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company.

Combating desertification in Iran over the last 50 years: an overview of changing approaches.

PubMed

Amiraslani, Farshad; Dragovich, Deirdre

2011-01-01

Desertification in Iran was recognized between the 1930s and 1960s. This paper traces Iran's attempts to reclaim desertified areas, evaluates the anti-desertification approaches adopted, and identifies continuing challenges. Iran has areas vulnerable to desertification due to extensive areas of drylands and increasing population pressure on land and water resources. Over-grazing of rangelands is a particular problem. Initially desertification was combated mainly at the local level and involved dune stabilization measures, especially the use of oil mulch, re-vegetation and windbreaks. Insufficient technical planning in the early years has led to changed approaches to plant densities and species diversity in plantations, and increased on-going management of existing plantations. Since the late 1980s forage and crop production has increased in areas where runoff control techniques are practiced. The social and economic aspects of anti-desertification programs have assisted in poverty reduction by providing off-season employment in rural areas. In 2004 a national plan to combat desertification was ratified and this placed an emphasis on community participation. Continuing challenges include managing existing desertified areas as well as taking into account potential future problems associated with rapidly depleting groundwater supplies and a predicted reduction in the plant growth period accompanying climate change. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Technology: The Problem or the Solution to Childhood Obesity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Silverstone, Susan; Teatum, Jim

2011-01-01

One-third of the population of US children is considered obese and two-thirds of the adult population falls into the same category. These figures have tripled over the last 30 years. This demonstrates that the existing strategies to combat obesity do not work and it is time to look for alternatives. The recommendation is to turn the problem into a…

Battlemind Debriefing and Battlemind Training as Early Interventions with Soldiers Returning from Iraq: Randomization by Platoon

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adler, Amy B.; Bliese, Paul D.; McGurk, Dennis; Hoge, Charles W.; Castro, Carl Andrew

2009-01-01

Researchers have found that there is an increase in mental heath problems as a result of military-related traumatic events, and such problems increase in the months following return from combat. Nevertheless, researchers have not assessed the impact of early intervention efforts with this at-risk population. In the present study, the authors…

Lessons Worth Remembering: Combat In Urban Areas

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-10

areas, realize that indigenous groups are best at resolving local problems, accept operating decentralized, and value the importance of supreme firepower...that foments within urban areas, realize that indigenous groups are best at resolving local problems, accept operating decentralized, and value the...permeated stability throughout Ramadi. Second, 1BCT transitioned areas of responsibility to a competent and capable indigenous force to maintain the

Korea’s Post-Conflict Peace Operations: A Comparative Assessment of Korean Combat Battalions in East Timor and Lebanon

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-01

much of Lautem had been burnt in revenge for the referendum vote against autonomy because the district was the center of Timorese resistance.133 Los...problems, itself a positive development.334 The issue is whether the Korean government also recognizes the problems and will order a new, more concrete

Home From the War: A Study of Psychiatric Problems in Viet Nam Returnees.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strange, Robert E.; Brown, Dudley E., Jr.

1970-01-01

Fifty patients who developed psychiatric problems after return from tours of Viet Nam combat duty were compared with a group of patients who had not had such duty. The Viet Nam returnees reported more conflicts in intimate relationships and had a higher incidence of depression and somatization than did the noncombat group. A study was made of…

Screening for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Somali ex-combatants: A validation study

PubMed Central

Odenwald, Michael; Lingenfelder, Birke; Schauer, Maggie; Neuner, Frank; Rockstroh, Brigitte; Hinkel, Harald; Elbert, Thomas

2007-01-01

Background In Somalia, a large number of active and former combatants are affected by psychological problems such as Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This disorder impairs their ability to re-integrate into civilian life. However, many screening instruments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder used in post-conflict settings have limited validity. Here we report on development and validation of a screening tool for PTSD in Somali language with a sample of ex-combatants. Methods We adapted the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) to reflect linguistic and cultural differences within the Somali community so that local interviewers could be trained to administer the scale. For validation purposes, a randomly selected group of 135 Somali ex-combatants was screened by trained local interviewers; 64 of them were then re-assessed by trained clinical psychologists using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Results The screening instrument showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .86), convergent validity with the CIDI (sensitivity = .90; specificity = .90) as well as concurrent validity: positive cases showed higher SRQ-20 scores, higher prevalence of psychotic symptoms, and higher levels of intake of the local stimulant drug khat. Compared to a single cut-off score, the multi-criteria scoring, in keeping with the DSM-IV, produced more diagnostic specificity. Conclusion The results provide evidence that our screening instrument is a reliable and valid method to detect PTSD among Somali ex-combatants. A future Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Program in Somalia is recommended to screen for PTSD in order to identify ex-combatants with special psycho-social needs. PMID:17822562

Effects of geometric characteristics of interchanges on truck safety

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-01-18

Relationships between truck accidents and selected geometric characteristics of interchanges are examined. Datasets containing information on truck accident at interchanges, traffic exposure and selected geometric characteristics are analyzed with an...

Comparison of life cycle greenhouse gases from natural gas pathways for medium and heavy-duty vehicles.

PubMed

Tong, Fan; Jaramillo, Paulina; Azevedo, Inês M L

2015-06-16

The low-cost and abundant supply of shale gas in the United States has increased the interest in using natural gas for transportation. We compare the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from different natural gas pathways for medium and heavy-duty vehicles (MHDVs). For Class 8 tractor-trailers and refuse trucks, none of the natural gas pathways provide emissions reductions per unit of freight-distance moved compared to diesel trucks. When compared to the petroleum-based fuels currently used in these vehicles, CNG and centrally produced LNG increase emissions by 0-3% and 2-13%, respectively, for Class 8 trucks. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) powered with natural gas-produced electricity are the only fuel-technology combination that achieves emission reductions for Class 8 transit buses (31% reduction compared to the petroleum-fueled vehicles). For non-Class 8 trucks (pick-up trucks, parcel delivery trucks, and box trucks), BEVs reduce emissions significantly (31-40%) compared to their diesel or gasoline counterparts. CNG and propane achieve relatively smaller emissions reductions (0-6% and 19%, respectively, compared to the petroleum-based fuels), while other natural gas pathways increase emissions for non-Class 8 MHDVs. While using natural gas to fuel electric vehicles could achieve large emission reductions for medium-duty trucks, the results suggest there are no great opportunities to achieve large emission reductions for Class 8 trucks through natural gas pathways with current technologies. There are strategies to reduce the carbon footprint of using natural gas for MHDVs, ranging from increasing vehicle fuel efficiency, reducing life cycle methane leakage rate, to achieving the same payloads and cargo volumes as conventional diesel trucks.

Hennepin County`s experience with heavy-duty ethanol vehicles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1998-01-01

From November 1993 to October 1996, Hennepin County, which includes Minneapolis, field-tested two heavy-duty snowplow/road maintenance trucks fueled by ethanol. The overall objective of this program was to collect data from original equipment manufacturer alternative fuel heavy-duty trucks, along with comparable data from a similarly configured diesel-powered vehicle, to establish economic, emissions, performance, and durability data for the alternative fuel technology. These ethanol trucks, along with an identical third truck equipped with a diesel engine, were operated year round to maintain the Hennepin county roads. In winter, the trucks were run in 8-hour shifts plowing and hauling snow from urbanmore » and suburban roads. For the rest of the year, the three trucks were used to repair and maintain these same roads. As a result of this project, a considerable amount of data was collected on E95 fuel use, as well as maintenance, repair, emissions, and operational characteristics. Maintenance and repair costs of the E95 trucks were considerably higher primarily due to fuel filter and fuel pump issues. From an emissions standpoint, the E95 trucks emitted less particulate matter and fewer oxides of nitrogen but more carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. Overall, the E95 trucks operated as well as the diesel, as long as the fuel filters were changed frequently. This project was a success in that E95, a domestically produced fuel from a renewable energy source, was used in a heavy-duty truck application and performed the same rigorous tasks as the diesel counterparts. The drawbacks to E95 as a heavy-duty fuel take the form of higher operational costs, higher fuel costs, shorter range, and the lack of over-the-road infrastructure.« less

Enhanced fuel efficiency on tractor-trailers using synthetic jet-based active flow control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amitay, Michael; Menicovich, David; Gallardo, Daniele

2016-04-01

The application of piezo-electrically-driven synthetic-jet-based active flow control to reduce drag on tractor-trailers was explored experimentally in wind tunnel testing as well as full-scale road tests. Aerodynamic drag accounts for more than 50% of the usable energy at highway speeds, a problem that applies primarily to trailer trucks. Therefore, a reduction in aerodynamic drag results in large saving of fuel and reduction in CO2 emissions. The active flow control technique that is being used relies on a modular system comprised of distributed, small, highly efficient actuators. These actuators, called synthetic jets, are jets that are synthesized at the edge of an orifice by a periodic motion of a piezoelectric diaphragm(s) mounted on one (or more) walls of a sealed cavity. The synthetic jet is zero net mass flux (ZNMF), but it allows momentum transfer to flow. It is typically driven near diaphragm and/or cavity resonance, and therefore, small electric input [O(10W)] is required. Another advantage of this actuator is that no plumbing is required. The system doesn't require changes to the body of the truck, can be easily reconfigured to various types of vehicles, and consumes small amounts of electrical power from the existing electrical system of the truck. Preliminary wind tunnel results showed up to 18% reduction in fuel consumption, whereas road tests also showed very promising results.

Leadership, cohesion, morale, and the mental health of UK Armed Forces in Afghanistan.

PubMed

Jones, Norman; Seddon, Rachel; Fear, Nicola T; McAllister, Pete; Wessely, Simon; Greenberg, Neil

2012-01-01

UK Armed Forces (AF) personnel deployed to Afghanistan are frequently exposed to intense combat and yet little is known about the short-term mental health consequences of this exposure and the potential mitigating effects of military factors such as cohesion, morale, and leadership. To assess the possible modulating influence of cohesion, morale, and leadership on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and common mental disorders resulting from combat exposure among UK AF personnel deployed to Afghanistan, UK AF personnel, during their deployment to Afghanistan in 2010, completed a self-report survey about aspects of their current deployment, including perceived levels of cohesion, morale, leadership, combat exposure, and their mental health status. Outcomes were symptoms of common mental disorder and symptoms of PTSD. Combat exposure was associated with both PTSD symptoms and symptoms of common mental disorder. Of the 1,431 participants, 17.1% reported caseness levels of common mental disorder, and 2.7% were classified as probable PTSD cases. Greater self-reported levels of unit cohesion, morale, and perceived good leadership were all associated with lower levels of common mental disorder and PTSD. Greater levels of unit cohesion, morale, and good leadership may help to modulate the effects of combat exposure and the subsequent development of mental health problems among UK Armed Forces personnel deployed to Afghanistan. © 2012 Guilford Publications, Inc.

Military Occupations Most Affected by Head/Sensory Injuries and the Potential Job Impact of Those Injuries.

PubMed

Lawson, Ben D; Kass, Steven J; Dhillon, Kieran K; Milam, Lana S; Cho, Timothy H; Rupert, Angus H

2016-08-01

Identifying Department of Defense (DoD) occupations affected by injuries to the head and sensory systems. We explored the Defense Medical Epidemiology Database to identify occupations with the highest incidence of injured personnel, then ranked how frequently they occurred in a top 10 list for each of four injury categories (head/brain, visual, auditory, vestibular) encompassing 25 injury codes. Across all four categories, the most affected occupations were identified, among which we chose three Army combat-related military occupational specialties (MOSs) for detailed study. We identified skills needed to perform these MOSs and explored whether MOS-critical deficits could be expected following the injuries. Some DoD occupations are more likely to suffer from these injuries, including Infantry, Combat Operations Control, Artillery/Gunnery, Motor Vehicle Operator, Combat Engineering, and Armor/Amphibious. Within these DoD occupations, we explored three Army combatant MOSs: Infantry (11B), Cavalry Scout (19D), and Artillery (13B), confirming that these jobs are likely to be disrupted by injuries within the four categories. Head and sensory injuries disproportionately affect certain military occupations. Relatively few injuries disrupt combat-related abilities that are job critical (e.g., firearms operation) and job specific (e.g., Artillery gunnery problems); these should be the focus of efforts to improve rehabilitation and RTD outcomes. Reprint & Copyright © 2016 Association of Military Surgeons of the U.S.

The Long War and Parental Combat Deployment: Effects on Military Children and At-Home Spouses

PubMed Central

Lester, Patricia; Peterson, Kris; Reeves, James; Knauss, Larry; Glover, Dorie; Mogil, Catherine; Duan, Naihua; Saltzman, William; Pynoos, Robert; Wilt, Katherine; Beardslee, William

2010-01-01

OBJECTIVE Given the growing number of military service members with families and the multiple combat deployments characterizing current war time duties, the impact of deployments on military children requires clarification. Behavioral and emotional adjustment problems were examined in children (aged 6 –12) of an active duty Army or Marine Corps parent currently deployed (CD) or recently returned (RR) from Afghanistan or Iraq. METHOD Children (N=272) and their at-home civilian (AHC) (N=163) and/or recently returned active duty (AD) parent (N=65) were interviewed. Child adjustment outcomes were examined in relation to parental psychological distress and months of combat deployment (of the AD) using mixed effects linear models. RESULTS Parental distress (AHC and AD) and cumulative length of parental combat-related deployments during the child’s lifetime independently predicted increased child depression and externalizing symptoms. Although behavioral adjustment and depression levels were comparable to community norms, anxiety was significantly elevated in children in both deployment groups. In contrast, AHC parental distress was greater in those with a CD (vs. RR) spouse. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate parental combat deployment has a cumulative effect on children which remains even after the deployed parent returns home, and is predicted by psychological distress of both the AD and AHC parent. Such data may be informative for screening, prevention and intervention strategies. PMID:20410724

Innovative contracting strategies for combating climate change : research summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-11-01

Problem: : Under the States Smart, Green & Growing initiative, SHA is committed to reducing : greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from on- and off-road vehicles and equipment. To : meet the commitment and address associated challenges, the agency...

North Carolina forecasts for truck traffic

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-07-01

North Carolina has experienced significant increases in truck traffic on many of its highways. Yet, current NCDOT : project-level highway traffic forecasts do not appropriately capture anticipated truck traffic growth. NCDOT : methods forecast total ...

23 CFR 650.707 - Rating factor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Average Daily Truck Traffic in thousands (Pick up trucks and light delivery trucks not included). For load... restricted. The ADTT should be the annual average volume, not peak or seasonal; (4) N is National Highway...

23 CFR 650.707 - Rating factor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Average Daily Truck Traffic in thousands (Pick up trucks and light delivery trucks not included). For load... restricted. The ADTT should be the annual average volume, not peak or seasonal; (4) N is National Highway...

23 CFR 650.707 - Rating factor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Average Daily Truck Traffic in thousands (Pick up trucks and light delivery trucks not included). For load... restricted. The ADTT should be the annual average volume, not peak or seasonal; (4) N is National Highway...

23 CFR 650.707 - Rating factor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Average Daily Truck Traffic in thousands (Pick up trucks and light delivery trucks not included). For load... restricted. The ADTT should be the annual average volume, not peak or seasonal; (4) N is National Highway...

23 CFR 650.707 - Rating factor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Average Daily Truck Traffic in thousands (Pick up trucks and light delivery trucks not included). For load... restricted. The ADTT should be the annual average volume, not peak or seasonal; (4) N is National Highway...

Large truck crash facts 2005

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-02-01

This annual edition of Large Truck Crash Facts contains descriptive statistics about fatal, injury, and property damage only crashes involving large trucks in 2005. Selected crash statistics on passenger vehicles are also presented for comparison pur...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Grogin, Phillip W.

A powered industrial truck (PIT) is defined as a mobile, powerdriven vehicle used to carry, push, pull, lift, or stack material (not including vehicles intended primarily for earth moving). There are many types of and names for PITs, including forklifts, trucks, fork trucks, platform lift trucks, motorized hand trucks, and tractors. Although not every PIT is a forklift, because PITs are commonly called “forklifts,” this course manual generally uses the term “forklift,” although at times the terms “truck” and “PIT” are also used. In some areas of this course, you will see green boxes that refer to the Occupational Safetymore » and Health Administration (OSHA) regulation for PITs, which is 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910.178, Powered Industrial Trucks. The letter in the parentheses refers to the specific section of the regulation.« less

Occupational Hydrofluoric Acid Injury from Car and Truck Washing--Washington State, 2001-2013.

PubMed

Reeb-Whitaker, Carolyn K; Eckert, Carly M; Anderson, Naomi J; Bonauto, David K

2015-08-21

Exposure to hydrofluoric acid (HF) causes corrosive chemical burns and potentially fatal systemic toxicity. Car and truck wash cleaning products, rust removers, and aluminum brighteners often contain HF because it is efficient in breaking down roadway matter. The death of a truck wash worker from ingestion of an HF-based wash product and 48 occupational HF burn cases associated with car and truck washing in Washington State during 2001-2013 are summarized in this report. Among seven hospitalized workers, two required surgery, and all but one worker returned to the job. Among 48 injured workers, job titles were primarily auto detailer, car wash worker, truck wash worker, and truck driver. Because HF exposure can result in potentially severe health outcomes, efforts to identify less hazardous alternatives to HF-based industrial wash products are warranted.

Crash compatibility between cars and light trucks: benefits of lowering front-end energy-absorbing structure in SUVs and pickups.

PubMed

Baker, Bryan C; Nolan, Joseph M; O'Neill, Brian; Genetos, Alexander P

2008-01-01

Passenger vehicles are designed to absorb crash energy in frontal crashes through deformation or crush of energy-absorbing structures forward of the occupant compartment. In collisions between cars and light trucks (i.e., pickups and SUVs), however, the capacity of energy-absorption structures may not be fully utilized because mismatches often exist between the heights of these structures in the colliding vehicles. In 2003 automakers voluntarily committed to new design standards aimed at reducing the height mismatches between cars and light trucks. By September 2009 all new light trucks will have either the primary front structure (typically the frame rails) or a secondary structure connected to the primary structure low enough to interact with the primary structures in cars, which for most cars is about the height of the front bumper. To estimate the overall benefit of the voluntary commitment, the real-world crash experience of light trucks already meeting the height-matching criteria was compared with that of light trucks not meeting the criteria for 2000-2003 model light trucks in collisions with passenger cars during calendar years 2001-2004. The estimated benefits of lower front energy-absorbing structure were a 19 percent reduction (p<0.05) in fatality risk to belted car drivers in front-to-front crashes with light trucks and a 19 percent reduction (p<0.05) in fatality risk to car drivers in front-to-driver-side crashes with light trucks.

Prescription drug abuse: problem, policies, and implications.

PubMed

Phillips, Janice

2013-01-01

This article provides an overview on prescription drug abuse and highlights a number of related legislative bills introduced during the 112th Congress in response to this growing epidemic. Prescription drug abuse has emerged as the nation's fastest growing drug problem. Although prescription drugs have been used effectively and appropriately for decades, deaths from prescription pain medicine in particular have reached epidemic proportions. Bills related to prescription drug abuse introduced during the 112th Congress focus on strengthening provider and consumer education, tracking and monitoring prescription drug abuse, improving data collection on drug overdose fatalities, combating fraud and abuse in Medicare and Medicaid programs, reclassifying drugs to make them more difficult to prescribe and obtain, and enforcing stricter penalties for individuals who operate scam pain clinics and sell pain pills illegitimately. This article underscores the importance of a multifaceted approach to combating prescription drug abuse and concludes with implications for nursing. Copyright © 2013. Published by Mosby, Inc.

49 CFR 176.78 - Use of power-operated industrial trucks on board vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) Refueling. (1) A truck using gasoline as fuel may not be refueled in the hold or on the weather deck of a... truck using liquefied petroleum gas as fuel may not be refueled in the hold or on the weather deck of a... truck using diesel oil as fuel may not be refueled on the weather deck or in the hold of a vessel unless...

49 CFR 176.78 - Use of power-operated industrial trucks on board vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) Refueling. (1) A truck using gasoline as fuel may not be refueled in the hold or on the weather deck of a... truck using liquefied petroleum gas as fuel may not be refueled in the hold or on the weather deck of a... truck using diesel oil as fuel may not be refueled on the weather deck or in the hold of a vessel unless...

Design and analysis of truck body for increasing the payload capacity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vamshi Krishna, K.; Yugandhar Reddy, K.; Venugopal, K.; Ravi, K.

2017-11-01

Truck industry is a major source of transportation in India. With an average truck travelling about 300 kilometers per day [1], every kilogram of truck weight is of concern to the industry in order to get the best out of the truck. The main objective of this project is to increase the payload capacity of automotive truck body. Every kilogram of increased vehicle weight will decrease the vehicle payload capacity in turn increasing the manufacturing cost and reducing the fuel economy by increase the fuel consumption. With the intension of weight reduction, standard truck body has been designed and analyzed in ANSYS software. C-cross section beams were used instead of conventional rectangular box sections to reduce the weight of the body. Light-weight Aluminum alloy Al 6061 T6 is used to increase the payload capacity. The strength of the Truck platform is monitored in terms of deformation and stress concentration. These parameters will be obtained in structural analysis test condition environment. For reducing the stress concentration the concept of beams of uniform strength is used. Accordingly necessary modifications are done so that the optimized model has a better stress distribution and much lesser weight compared to the conventional model. The results obtained by analyzing the modified model are compared with the standard model.

East Europe Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-01-16

economic team" means and wondered whether a 12-hour working day is normal in Poland, on Saturdays too, they clearly calmed down when they learned that...Cartoon Commentary on Economic Problems (LUDAS MATYI, 26 Nov 86) 17 - a - POLITICS CZECHOSLOVAKIA Party Daily Criticizes Official U.S...trade volume was recorded. The CSSR has been delivering machine tools and trucks to the PRC since the 1950s. It has also been involved in the

Buffalo Harbor Study. Preliminary Feasibility Report. Volume I. Main Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-04-01

to usually narrow strips of riparian vegetation, which is composed of various trees and shrubs of the Salix genus (willow), sumac, aspen, boxelder...reptiles were found. Species included, leopard frogs, snapping turtles, painted turtle, and garter snakes (SUNY Brockport: 1982). (7) Endangered Species...vessel traffic on the Buffalo River causes interrupted truck service. Firms have also cited snow removal as a problem. The harbor area road service

Amicicide: The Problem of Friendly Fire in Modern War

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-01

episodes of the Korean War was the stubborn, defense of the British 29th Brigade along the Imjin River north of Seoul in April 1951.67 Faced by a...antiaircraft fire over Paestum beach in Italy. Amicicide: The Problem of Friendly Fire in Modern War by Lieutenant Colonel Charles R. Shrader, U.S...Data Shrader, Charles R. Amicieide: the problem of friendly fire in modern war . (Research survey/Combat Studies Institute, U.S. Army Command and

Safety in ready mixed concrete industry: descriptive analysis of injuries and development of preventive measures

PubMed Central

AKBOĞA, Özge; BARADAN, Selim

2016-01-01

Ready mixed concrete (RMC) industry, one of the barebones of construction sector, has its distinctive occupational safety and health (OSH) risks. Employees experience risks that emerge during the fabrication of concrete, as well as its delivery to the construction site. Statistics show that usage and demand of RMC have been increasing along with the number of producers and workers. Unfortunately, adequate OSH measures to meet this rapid growth are not in place even in top RMC producing countries, such as Turkey. Moreover, lack of statistical data and academic research in this sector exacerbates this problem. This study aims to fill this gap by conducting data mining in Turkish Social Security Institution archives and performing univariate frequency and cross tabulation analysis on 71 incidents that RMC truck drivers were involved. Also, investigations and interviews were conducted in seven RMC plants in Turkey and Netherlands with OSH point of view. Based on the results of this research, problem areas were determined such as; cleaning truck mixer/pump is a hazardous activity where operators get injured frequently, and struck by falling objects is a major hazard at RMC industry. Finally, Job Safety Analyses were performed on these areas to suggest mitigation methods. PMID:27524105

Environmental Assessment: Explosive Ordnance Disposal Training Facility, Munitions Storage Facility, and Munitions Maintenance and Inspection Facility Westover Air Reserve Base, Massachusetts

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-08-01

laminate . The thickness of this unit ranges from 10 to more than 250 feet in the Westover ARB area. A glacial till layer of poorly sorted gravel, sand...trucks, concrete trucks, and flatbed trucks. The backhoe would be used with a percussion chisel as well as a lift bucket. Estimates were also...36.00 3.80 83.40 9.00 5.20 Concrete Truck 5 8 2 1.80 0.19 4.17 0.45 0.26 Emissions (lbs) 144.00 15.20 333.60 36.00 20.80 Flatbed Truck 10 8 1

Heavy truck casualty collisions, 1994-1998

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-12-01

This document reviews the number of collisions, vehicles involved, and casualties (fatalities and injuries) resulting from heavy truck collisions for each of straight trucks (greater than 4.536 kg) and tractor-trailers. The report also presents table...

Trucks involved in fatal accidents factbook 2007.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-01-01

This document presents aggregate statistics on trucks involved in traffic accidents in 2007. The : statistics are derived from the Trucks Involved in Fatal Accidents (TIFA) file, compiled by the : University of Michigan Transportation Research Instit...

Trucks involved in fatal accidents factbook 2008.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-03-01

This document presents aggregate statistics on trucks involved in traffic accidents in 2008. The : statistics are derived from the Trucks Involved in Fatal Accidents (TIFA) file, compiled by the : University of Michigan Transportation Research Instit...

Hypovigilance Detection for UCAV Operators Based on a Hidden Markov Model

PubMed Central

Kwon, Namyeon; Shin, Yongwook; Ryo, Chuh Yeop; Park, Jonghun

2014-01-01

With the advance of military technology, the number of unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) has rapidly increased. However, it has been reported that the accident rate of UCAVs is much higher than that of manned combat aerial vehicles. One of the main reasons for the high accident rate of UCAVs is the hypovigilance problem which refers to the decrease in vigilance levels of UCAV operators while maneuvering. In this paper, we propose hypovigilance detection models for UCAV operators based on EEG signal to minimize the number of occurrences of hypovigilance. To enable detection, we have applied hidden Markov models (HMMs), two of which are used to indicate the operators' dual states, normal vigilance and hypovigilance, and, for each operator, the HMMs are trained as a detection model. To evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of the proposed models, we conducted two experiments on the real-world data obtained by using EEG-signal acquisition devices, and they yielded satisfactory results. By utilizing the proposed detection models, the problem of hypovigilance of UCAV operators and the problem of high accident rate of UCAVs can be addressed. PMID:24963338

Concussion treatment after combat trauma: development of a telephone based, problem solving intervention for service members.

PubMed

Bell, Kathleen R; Brockway, Jo Ann; Fann, Jesse R; Cole, Wesley R; St De Lore, Jef; Bush, Nigel; Lang, Ariel J; Hart, Tessa; Warren, Michael; Dikmen, Sureyya; Temkin, Nancy; Jain, Sonia; Raman, Rema; Stein, Murray B

2015-01-01

Military service members (SMs) and veterans who sustain mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) during combat deployments often have co-morbid conditions but are reluctant to seek out therapy in medical or mental health settings. Efficacious methods of intervention that are patient-centered and adaptable to a mobile and often difficult-to-reach population would be useful in improving quality of life. This article describes a new protocol developed as part of a randomized clinical trial of a telephone-mediated program for SMs with mTBI. The 12-session program combines problem solving training (PST) with embedded modules targeting depression, anxiety, insomnia, and headache. The rationale and development of this behavioral intervention for implementation with persons with multiple co-morbidities is described along with the proposed analysis of results. In particular, we provide details regarding the creation of a treatment that is manualized yet flexible enough to address a wide variety of problems and symptoms within a standard framework. The methods involved in enrolling and retaining an often hard-to-study population are also highlighted. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

War exposure and post-traumatic stress as predictors of Portuguese colonial war veterans' physical health.

PubMed

Maia, Angela; McIntyre, Teresa; Pereira, M Graça; Ribeiro, Eugènia

2011-05-01

The relationship between war exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been largely investigated but the impact of the combat experience on physical health has only recently merited attention. The authors investigated the relationship between war exposure and psychological and physical health among 350 Portuguese colonial war veterans. The role of current PTSD symptoms as a mediator of these relationships was also investigated. The results showed that 39% of the veterans met criteria for current PTSD diagnosis and psychological distress was present in half of the sample. Pain, fatigue, and sleep problems were the most reported physical symptoms and mental health and gastro-intestinal problems, the most reported illnesses. Combat exposure variables were significant predictors of current health. The results indicated that veterans with higher exposure to war trauma maintained higher current levels of psychological distress and presented more physical health problems and physical symptoms than those less exposed. Mediation analyses showed that current PTSD was a full mediator of the relationship between war exposure and physical health outcomes.

Exploration of the resilience construct in posttraumatic stress disorder severity and functional correlates in military combat veterans who have served since September 11, 2001.

PubMed

Green, Kimberly T; Calhoun, Patrick S; Dennis, Michelle F; Beckham, Jean C

2010-07-01

This study evaluated the relationship between resilience and psychological functioning in military veterans deployed to a region of military conflict in support of Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom. 497 military veterans completed a structured psychiatric interview and questionnaires measuring psychological symptoms, resiliency, and trauma exposure. The study had 2 primary aims: (1) to examine whether the association between trauma exposure and PTSD was moderated by resilience and (2) to examine whether resilience was uniquely associated with functional outcomes after accounting for PTSD. Measures included the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (for PTSD diagnosis), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire. Data were collected between June 2005 and February 2009. Evaluating the association of resilience and trauma exposure with PTSD revealed main effects for combat exposure, lifetime trauma exposure, and resilience. Additionally, there was a significant (P < .05) interaction between combat exposure and resilience such that higher levels of resilience were particularly protective among individuals with high combat exposure. After controlling for age, gender, minority status, trauma exposure, and PTSD diagnosis, resilience was uniquely associated with decreased suicidality, reduced alcohol problems, lower depressive symptom severity, and fewer current health complaints and lifetime and past-year medical problems. These results suggest that resilience is a construct that may play a unique role in the occurrence of PTSD and severity of other functional correlates among deployed veterans. Future studies in this area would benefit from a prospective design, the evaluation of other possible protective processes (e.g., social support), and specific examination of particular aspects of resilience and how resilience may be increased. (c) Copyright 2010 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.

Light Duty Truck Weight Reduction Evaluation

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-08-01

This contract covers the identification of Types, Makes and Models which constitute the Light Truck world fleet. The attributes which describe the critical functional aspects of trucks of this size are established and specifications to define the att...

Naturalistic Study of Truck Following Behavior

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-04-01

Volpe conducted the Naturalistic study of truck following behavior to gain a better understanding of how trucks follow other vehicles in the real world, with the ultimate goal of supporting the Federal Highway Administration in the development of aut...

Truck facility access design guidelines statewide.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-06-01

The overall purpose of this project is to develop design guidelines for truck access to truck stop facilities adjoining interstate highways and accessed by interchanges in Louisiana. The specific objectives of the research are to: 1. Identify existin...

Stability and Curving Performance of Conventional and Advanced Rail Transit Vehicles

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-01-01

Analytical studies are presented which compare the curving performance and speed capability of conventional rail transit trucks with self steering (cross-braced) and forced steering (linkages between carbody and wheelsets) radial trucks. Truck curvin...

Costs of large truck- and bus-involved crashes.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-12-01

This study provides comprehensive, economically sophisticated estimates of the costs of highway crashes involving large trucks and buses by severity. Based on the latest data available, the estimated cost of police-reported crashes involving trucks w...

Large truck and bus crash facts, 2010.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-09-01

This annual edition of Large Truck and Bus Crash Facts contains descriptive statistics about fatal, injury, and : property damage only crashes involving large trucks and buses in 2010. Selected crash statistics on passenger : vehicles are also presen...

Large truck and bus crash facts, 2007.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-03-01

This annual edition of Large Truck and Bus Crash Facts contains descriptive statistics about fatal, injury, and : property damage only crashes involving large trucks and buses in 2007. Selected crash statistics on passenger : vehicles are also presen...

Large truck and bus crash facts, 2008. 

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-03-01

This annual edition of Large Truck and Bus Crash Facts contains descriptive statistics about fatal, injury, and : property damage only crashes involving large trucks and buses in 2008. Selected crash statistics on passenger : vehicles are also presen...

Large truck and bus crash facts, 2011.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-10-01

This annual edition of Large Truck and Bus Crash Facts contains descriptive statistics about fatal, injury, and : property damage only crashes involving large trucks and buses in 2011. Selected crash statistics on passenger : vehicles are also presen...

Large truck and bus crash facts, 2013.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-04-01

This annual edition of Large Truck and Bus Crash Facts contains descriptive statistics about fatal, injury, and property damage only crashes involving large trucks and buses in 2013. Selected crash statistics on passenger vehicles are also presented ...

Large truck and bus crash facts, 2009.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-10-01

This annual edition of Large Truck and Bus Crash Facts contains descriptive statistics about fatal, injury, and : property damage only crashes involving large trucks and buses in 2009. Selected crash statistics on passenger : vehicles are also presen...

Large truck and bus crash facts, 2012.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-06-01

This annual edition of Large Truck and Bus Crash Facts contains descriptive statistics about fatal, injury, and property damage only crashes involving large trucks and buses in 2012. Selected crash statistics on passenger vehicles are also presented ...

State Route 60 automated truck facility.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-01-01

A research was conducted to evaluate a dedicated automated truck lane along a case study route 60 (Pomona : Freeway) to accommodate higher truck volume using AHS technologies and to estimate the associated costs of : such technologies. A cost analysi...

Heavy truck rollover characterization (phase B).

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-09-01

The Heavy Truck Rollover Characterization Study - Phase-B builds on the results of prior phases of research. Phases 1 and 2 (Funded by Federal Highway Administration) involved heavy truck rollover characterization for a tractor and box-trailer; and P...

Fireproof Hydraulic Brake System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-10-01

MLBT elastomer personnel recommended the use of Firestone’s Phosphonitrilic Fluoroelastomer (PNF) for elastomeric O-rings in the CTFE fluid system. C.E...resealed with modified "PNF" (phosphonitrilic fluoroelastomer) elastomer Ŕ" rings. The hoses are PTFE lined for compatibility with the CTFE...Plus 65-42808-6 Nylon Braid )* AN837-8 Elbow (on Truck) 61-11536-1 Tube Assy (Strut/Truck Hose to Truck Tee)* 290 -7. 61-11530-1 Tube Assy (Truck Tee

Psychiatric diagnoses and treatment of U.S. military personnel while deployed to Iraq.

PubMed

Schmitz, Kimberly J; Schmied, Emily A; Webb-Murphy, Jennifer A; Hammer, Paul S; Larson, Gerald E; Conway, Terry L; Galarneau, Michael R; Boucher, Wayne C; Edwards, Nathan K; Johnson, Douglas C

2012-04-01

Military personnel deployed in support of combat operations are at significantly higher risk for mental health problems. However, much of what we know about combat-related mental health comes from postdeployment assessments. This study describes the mental health of 1,336 treatment-seeking deployed U.S. military personnel and interventions recommended by military mental health providers in Iraq from January 2006 to January 2007. Cases were primarily young enlisted men, most of whom were on their first combat deployment. Marines made up the majority of the cases (60%), but there were also large numbers of Army and Navy personnel. The most common psychiatric diagnoses were anxiety disorders (31%, including 11% with posttraumatic stress disorder), followed by adjustment (27%) and mood disorders (25%, including 22% with depression). Medication was the most commonly prescribed treatment for patients with psychiatric diagnoses but was often combined with recommendations for psychotherapy/counseling and/or behavioral modifications. The findings illustrate the distribution of mental health conditions seen among treatment-seeking troops while actively serving in a combat environment and the interventions recommended for them. Further examination of postdeployment health outcomes may help to facilitate the development of more effective acute intervention strategies in theater.

Rule-based optimization and multicriteria decision support for packaging a truck chassis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berger, Martin; Lindroth, Peter; Welke, Richard

2017-06-01

Trucks are highly individualized products where exchangeable parts are flexibly combined to suit different customer requirements, this leading to a great complexity in product development. Therefore, an optimization approach based on constraint programming is proposed for automatically packaging parts of a truck chassis by following packaging rules expressed as constraints. A multicriteria decision support system is developed where a database of truck layouts is computed, among which interactive navigation then can be performed. The work has been performed in cooperation with Volvo Group Trucks Technology (GTT), from which specific rules have been used. Several scenarios are described where the methods developed can be successfully applied and lead to less time-consuming manual work, fewer mistakes, and greater flexibility in configuring trucks. A numerical evaluation is also presented showing the efficiency and practical relevance of the methods, which are implemented in a software tool.

Clean Air Act Requirements and History

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

In 1970 congress designed the Clean Air Act to combat a variety of air pollution problems, and to tackle emerging pollution threats such as public health, national welfare, toxic air pollutants, acid rain, protection of the ozone layer, and regional haze.

Effects of road transportation or droving on the weight and metabolism of young bulls.

PubMed

D'Oliveira, Marcella Cândia; Souza, Maria Inês Lenz; Corrêa Filho, Ruy Alberto Caetano; Morais, Maria da Graça; Itavo, Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira; Franco, Gumercindo Loriano

2014-12-01

This study evaluated the effects of the mode of transportation on weight and metabolism of young bulls, which are generally transported by two systems: droving and truck. This experiment consisted of two phases: transportation and refeeding and involved transportation by droving and truck. Fifty young Nellore bulls were separated in equal numbers in both groups, droving group and truck group. In the transportation phase, animals were moved, in a 640-km journey. The refeeding phase consisted of 84 days and commenced after the animals arrived at the fattening farm. The effect of the transportation system on animals' weight, metabolic hormones, and serum biochemistry was assessed after 28, 56, and 84 days. During the transportation phase, animals in the droving group lost 10.11 kg and animals in the truck group gained 13.1 kg. The truck group showed 20.5 kg of weight gain at the end of the refeeding phase. The highest triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were observed on days 0 and 60 in the transportation phase in both droving and truck groups. The serum cortisol concentration was higher in the droving group than in the truck group on day 56 of the refeeding phase. The IGF-I concentrations were higher during the refeeding phase in the droving group than in the truck group. Our results showed that transportation by droving leads to increased weight loss and reduced further weight gain compared to transportation by truck and that serum concentrations of T4, cortisol, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) hormones are altered by the transportation system.

Effects of truck traffic on crash injury severity on rural highways in Wyoming using Bayesian binary logit models.

PubMed

Ahmed, Mohamed M; Franke, Rebecca; Ksaibati, Khaled; Shinstine, Debbie S

2018-08-01

Roadway safety is an integral part of a functioning infrastructure. A major use of the highway system is the transport of goods. The United States has experienced constant growth in the amount of freight transported by truck in the last few years. Wyoming is experiencing a large increase in truck traffic on its local and county roads due to an increase in oil and gas production. This study explores the involvement of heavy trucks in crashes and their significance as a predictor of crash severity and addresses the effect that large truck traffic is having on the safety of roadways for various road classifications. Studies have been done on the factors involved in and the causation of heavy truck crashes, but none address the causation and effect of roadway classifications on truck crashes. Binary Logit Models (BLM) with Bayesian inferences were utilized to classify heavy truck involvement in severe and non-severe crashes using ten years (2002-2011) of historical crash data in the State of Wyoming. From the final main effects model, various interactions proved to be significant in predicting the severity of crashes and varied depending on the roadway classification. The results indicated the odds of a severe crash increase to 2.3 and 4.5 times when a heavy truck is involved on state and interstate highways respectively. The severity of crashes is significantly increased when road conditions were not clear, icy, and during snowy weather conditions. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

LOTS of LTA applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, J. S.

1975-01-01

Current problems facing the logistical planner in utilizing the new ships of the modern, intermodal sea transportation systems in a logistics-over-the-shore (undeveloped) environment are described. Then the employment of two potential LTA vehicle systems are described and discussed as significant parts of possible solutions to this range of logistical problems. Vulnerability aspects of these LTA vehicles are also briefly addressed because of their possible employment near combat areas.

Commercial truck parking and other safety issues.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-10-01

Commercial truck parking is a safety issue, since trucks are involved in approximately 10% of all fatal accidents on interstates and : parkways in Kentucky. Drivers experience schedule demands and long hours on the road, yet they cannot easily determ...

Estimation and analysis of multifactor productivity in truck transportation : 1987 - 2003

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-02-01

The analysis has three objectives: 1) to estimate multifactor : productivity (MFP) in truck transportation during : 1987-2003; 2) to examine changes in multifactor productivity : in U.S. truck transportation, over time, and : to compare these changes...

Truck Terminal and Warehouse Survey Results

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-03-01

The survey of truck terminals and warehouses resulted in locating the highway bottlenecks for truck movements which are more localized in nature than the previous air, marine, and rail surveys performed by the NYMTC Central Staff. However, all of the...

Highway reservation system design and its application to freight transportation.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-05-01

Congestion and safety associated with freight trucks are key issues that arise in the context of highway : transportation, especially in the heavily-traveled commercial corridors. To address these issues, truck-only lanes for freight trucks have been...

Identification of methods for truck crash reduction

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-10-01

In South Dakota, trucks account for a higher percentage of fatalities than other vehicles, indicating when National transit database truck is involved in a crash, fatalities are more likely to occur. In this study, the Business Research Bureau review...

Vehicle-to-vehicle communications in mixed passenger-freight convoys : [research brief].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-09-01

Freight traffic in California depends, to a large degree, on trucks, due to their flexibility in : visiting warehouses, distribution centers, and terminals. However, trucks pose major challenges : to traffic and road safety. Accidents involving truck...

Mitigating Wind Induced Truck Crashes

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-12-25

Dangerous weather and high wind in particular, is a common contributing factor in truck crashes. High wind speeds have been documented as a perennial cause of truck crashes in Kansas and other Great Plains states. The possibility of reducing such cra...

Stage 2 tool user’s manual.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-08-01

The purpose of the Permitted Overweight Truck Corridor Analysis Tool (referred to in this document as the Stage 2 Tool) is to evaluate existing or to create new proposed overweight (OW) truck corridors to estimate the permitted OW truck, pavement, br...

Commercial truck parking detection technology evaluation for Columbia County rest areas.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-11-01

Rest areas along Floridas interstate routes are heavily utilized by commercial trucks for overnight parking. : Many of the rest areas regularly experience 100% utilization of the commercial truck parking spaces : during the evening and early morni...

Engineering Data on Selected High Speed Passenger Trucks

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-07-01

The purpose of this project is to compile a list of high speed truck engineering parameters for characterization in dynamic performance modeling activities. Data tabulations are supplied for trucks from France, Germany, Italy, England, Japan, U.S.S.R...

Truck side guard technical overview : safety and operational considerations

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-04-23

This technical overview provides safety and operational considerations for truck side guards. Truck side guards are designed to keep pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorcyclists - known as vulnerable road users (VRUs) from being run over by a large tru...

Making truck-rail intermodal more competitive.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-09-01

Truck-rail intermodal freight is a technique that can gain much of the benefit of truck service and rail efficiency. Despite the attraction of the mode : choice and its benefit in reducing emissions and highway congestion, the mode typically is used ...

Papers on vehicle size : cars and trucks

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1988-06-01

The four papers in this volume describe analyses of car size : trends and truck occupant injuries and fatalities. All four were : written between June 1985 and December 1987. The topics : addressed include where heavy truck accidents occur, injury an...

The effect of the descent technique and truck cabin layout on the landing impact forces.

PubMed

Patenaude, S; Marchand, D; Samperi, S; Bélanger, M

2001-12-01

The majority of injuries to truckers are caused by falls during the descent from the cab of the truck. Several studies have shown that the techniques used to descend from the truck and the layout of the truck's cabin are the principal cause of injury. The goal of the present study was to measure the effects of the descent techniques used by the trucker and the layout of the truck's cabin on the impact forces absorbed by the lower limbs and the back. Kinematic data, obtained with the aid of a video camera, were combined with the force platform data to allow for calculation of the lower limb and L5-S1 torques as well as L5-S1 compressive forces. The trucker descended from two different conventional tractor cabin layouts. Each trucker descended from cabin using either "facing the truck" (FT) or "back to the truck" (BT) techniques. The results demonstrate that the BT technique produces greater ground impact forces than the FT technique, particularly when the truck does not have a handrail. The BT technique also causes an increase in the compressive forces exerted on the back. In conclusion, the use of the FT technique along with the aids (i.e., handrails and all the steps) help lower the landing impact forces as well as the lumbosacral compressive forces.

Truck Drivers' Use of the Internet: A Mobile Health Lifeline.

PubMed

Heaton, Karen; Combs, Bryan; Griffin, Russell

2017-06-01

Because of their social isolation, irregular and unpredictable schedules, limited access to health care, and long periods of travel, long-haul truckers may benefit from the use of mobile health applications on Internet-capable devices. The purpose of this study was to determine Internet access and usage among a sample of long-haul truck drivers. In this cross-sectional study, truck drivers completed a pencil and paper survey with questions on demographics, work and health histories, and Internet access and usage for both personal and job reasons. A total of 106 truck drivers were recruited from trucking industry trade shows, by word of mouth, and directly from trucking companies. Overall, the truck drivers' use of the Internet was limited. Their usage for personal and job-related reasons differed. Social connectivity and access to health and wellness information were important during personal usage time. Job-related Internet use was highly practical, and applied to seeking information for directions and maps, fuel stops and pricing, and communicating with employers or transmitting documents. Age and experience were associated with Internet use. Younger, less-experienced drivers used the Internet more than older, experienced drivers. Targeted mobile health messaging may be a useful tool to inform truck drivers of health conditions and plans, and may provide links to primary care providers needing to monitor or notify drivers of diagnostic results or treatment plans.

Comparing Gravimetric and Real-Time Sampling of PM2.5 Concentrations Inside Truck Cabins

PubMed Central

Zhu, Ying; Smith, Thomas J.; Davis, Mary E.; Levy, Jonathan I.; Herrick, Robert; Jiang, Hongyu

2012-01-01

As part of a study on truck drivers’ exposure and health risk, pickup and delivery (P&D) truck drivers’ on-road exposure patterns to PM2.5 were assessed in five weeklong sampling trips in metropolitan areas of five U.S. cities from April to August of 2006. Drivers were sampled with real-time (DustTrak) and gravimetric samplers to measure average in-cabin PM2.5 concentrations and to compare their correspondence in moving trucks. In addition, GPS measurements of truck locations, meteorological data, and driver behavioral data were collected throughout the day to determine which factors influence the relationship between real-time and gravimetric samplers. Results indicate that the association between average real-time and gravimetric PM2.5 measurements on moving trucks was fairly consistent (Spearman rank correlation of 0.63), with DustTrak measurements exceeding gravimetric measurements by approximately a factor of 2. This ratio differed significantly only between the industrial Midwest cities and the other three sampled cities scattered in the South and West. There was also limited evidence of an effect of truck age. Filter samples collected concurrently with DustTrak measurements can be used to calibrate average mass concentration responses for the DustTrak, allowing for real-time measurements to be integrated into longer-term studies of inter-city and intra-urban exposure patterns for truck drivers. PMID:21991940

Comparing gravimetric and real-time sampling of PM(2.5) concentrations inside truck cabins.

PubMed

Zhu, Ying; Smith, Thomas J; Davis, Mary E; Levy, Jonathan I; Herrick, Robert; Jiang, Hongyu

2011-11-01

As part of a study on truck drivers' exposure and health risk, pickup and delivery (P&D) truck drivers' on-road exposure patterns to PM(2.5) were assessed in five, weeklong sampling trips in metropolitan areas of five U.S. cities from April to August of 2006. Drivers were sampled with real-time (DustTrak) and gravimetric samplers to measure average in-cabin PM(2.5) concentrations and to compare their correspondence in moving trucks. In addition, GPS measurements of truck locations, meteorological data, and driver behavioral data were collected throughout the day to determine which factors influence the relationship between real-time and gravimetric samplers. Results indicate that the association between average real-time and gravimetric PM(2.5) measurements on moving trucks was fairly consistent (Spearman rank correlation of 0.63), with DustTrak measurements exceeding gravimetric measurements by approximately a factor of 2. This ratio differed significantly only between the industrial Midwest cities and the other three sampled cities scattered in the South and West. There was also limited evidence of an effect of truck age. Filter samples collected concurrently with DustTrak measurements can be used to calibrate average mass concentration responses for the DustTrak, allowing for real-time measurements to be integrated into longer-term studies of inter-city and intra-urban exposure patterns for truck drivers.

Truck crash severity in New York city: An investigation of the spatial and the time of day effects.

PubMed

Zou, Wei; Wang, Xiaokun; Zhang, Dapeng

2017-02-01

This paper investigates the differences between single-vehicle and multi-vehicle truck crashes in New York City. The random parameter models take into account the time of day effect, the heterogeneous truck weight effect and other influencing factors such as crash characteristics, driver and vehicle characteristics, built environment factors and traffic volume attributes. Based on the results from the co-location quotient analysis, a spatial generalized ordered probit model is further developed to investigate the potential spatial dependency among single-vehicle truck crashes. The sample is drawn from the state maintained incident data, the publicly available Smart Location Data, and the BEST Practices Model (BPM) data from 2008 to 2012. The result shows that there exists a substantial difference between factors influencing single-vehicle and multi-vehicle truck crash severity. It also suggests that heterogeneity does exist in the truck weight, and it behaves differently in single-vehicle and multi-vehicle truck crashes. Furthermore, individual truck crashes are proved to be spatially dependent events for both single and multi-vehicle crashes. Last but not least, significant time of day effects were found for PM and night time slots, crashes that occurred in the afternoons and at nights were less severe in single-vehicle crashes, but more severe in multi-vehicle crashes. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Feasibility and Environmental Implications of Using Waste Motor Oil as Alternative Supplemental Fuel in Contingency Prime Power Generation

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-23

days of World War II, a problem arose when General George Patton’s 3rd Army exceeded expectations on the march to Germany. Gen. Patton’s jeeps...to address this problem . The military’s complex and arduous logistic requirement to deliver fuel to the combat theater sparked an interest in...the particles it can vaporize. It does not detect particles beyond the five- to eight- micron range” (Mayer, 2006). This is a problem because that

A set-covering formulation for a drayage problem with single and double container loads

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghezelsoflu, A.; Di Francesco, M.; Frangioni, A.; Zuddas, P.

2018-01-01

This paper addresses a drayage problem, which is motivated by the case study of a real carrier. Its trucks carry one or two containers from a port to importers and from exporters to the port. Since up to four customers can be served in each route, we propose a set-covering formulation for this problem where all possible routes are enumerated. This model can be efficiently solved to optimality by a commercial solver, significantly outperforming a previously proposed node-arc formulation. Moreover, the model can be effectively used to evaluate a new distribution policy, which results in an enlarged set of feasible routes and can increase savings w.r.t. the policy currently employed by the carrier.

Trusted Truck(R) II (phase A).

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

The Trusted Truck Program was initiated in 2003 as a joint effort by NTRCI, Volvo and UT. The vision of the Trusted Truck program is to develop a secure and "trusted" transport solution from pickup to delivery. The program's objective is to incre...

Geometric design and operational factors that impact truck use of toll roads.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-09-01

This purpose of this project was to identify the potential factors that could impact truck use of toll roads or : managed lanes. The researchers outlined the trucking and freight industry needs through synthesis of : existing literature. Identificati...

Truck Transportation of Hazardous Materials - A National Overview

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1987-12-01

The primary objective of the effort has been to provide Government regulators and policy-makers with (a) an estimate of the aggregate national volume of hazardous chemical and petroleum products transportation in trucks, (b) a profile of the truck fl...

Trucks involved in fatal accidents codebook 2008.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-01-01

This report provides documentation for UMTRIs file of Trucks Involved in Fatal Accidents : (TIFA), 2008, including distributions of the code values for each variable in the file. The 2008 : TIFA file is a census of all medium and heavy trucks invo...

Energy Use and Other Comparisons Between Diesel and Gasoline Trucks

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-02-01

This report presents fuel consumption and other data on comparable diesel and gasoline trucks. The data was compiled from actual, operational records of the Maine Department of Transportation for trucks of about 24,000 pounds gross vehicle weight and...

Quantifying the impact of large percent trucks proportion on rural freeways.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-02-01

The trucking industry continues to contribute significantly to the economy of the United States. : The surface transportation system has been a critical component for the movement of goods and : services by the trucking industry across the country. R...

Unit costs of medium and heavy truck crashes.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-03-01

This study provides the latest estimates of unit costs for highway crashes involving medium/heavy trucks by severity. Based on the latest data available, the estimated cost of police-reported crashes involving trucks with a gross weight rating of mor...

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

MedlinePlus

... How can I avoid CO poisoning from my car or truck? Have a mechanic check the exhaust system of your car or truck every year. A small leak in ... to a build up of CO inside the car. Never run your car or truck inside a ...

Evaluation of large-truck fixed-object crashes at bridge structures in Kansas.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-12-01

The aim of this study was to investigate any possible relationships between roadway geometry, pavement conditions, and : large-truck, fixed object crashes at bridge sites. Data on single-vehicle and multiple-vehicle large-truck crashes were : extract...

Methodologies for reducing truck turn time at marine container terminals.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-05-01

One of the prominent issues container terminal operators in the US are seeking to address is how to effectively : reduce truck turn time. Historically, truck turn time has received very little attention from terminal operators because port : congesti...

Commercial truck parking detection technology evaluation for Columbia County rest areas [summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-12-01

Rest areas along Floridas interstate highways are heavily used by commercial trucks for overnight parking. Many rest areas regularly experience 100% utilization of the commercial truck parking spaces during the evening and early morning hours. Dri...

Truck stop and rest area parking study : final report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-04-01

Crowding and illegal parking of trucks at existing public rest areas and along the highway ramps and shoulders has been recognized as a growing concern, with potential safety implications. In Connecticut there are approximately 1,200 trucks that trav...