TAE+ 5.2 - TRANSPORTABLE APPLICATIONS ENVIRONMENT PLUS, VERSION 5.2 (HP9000 SERIES 700/800 VERSION)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

TAE SUPPORT OFFICE

1994-01-01

TAE (Transportable Applications Environment) Plus is an integrated, portable environment for developing and running interactive window, text, and graphical object-based application systems. The program allows both programmers and non-programmers to easily construct their own custom application interface and to move that interface and application to different machine environments. TAE Plus makes both the application and the machine environment transparent, with noticeable improvements in the learning curve. The main components of TAE Plus are as follows: (1) the WorkBench, a What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) tool for the design and layout of a user interface; (2) the Window Programming Tools Package (WPT), a set of callable subroutines that control an application's user interface; and (3) TAE Command Language (TCL), an easy-to-learn command language that provides an easy way to develop an executable application prototype with a run-time interpreted language. The WorkBench tool allows the application developer to interactively construct the layout of an application's display screen by manipulating a set of interaction objects including input items such as buttons, icons, and scrolling text lists. User interface interactive objects include data-driven graphical objects such as dials, thermometers, and strip charts as well as menubars, option menus, file selection items, message items, push buttons, and color loggers. The WorkBench user specifies the windows and interaction objects that will make up the user interface, then specifies the sequence of the user interface dialogue. The description of the designed user interface is then saved into resource files. For those who desire to develop the designed user interface into an operational application, the WorkBench tool also generates source code (C, C++, Ada, and TCL) which fully controls the application's user interface through function calls to the WPTs. The WPTs are the runtime services used by application programs to display and control the user interfaces. Since the WPTs access the workbench-generated resource files during each execution, details such as color, font, location, and object type remain independent from the application code, allowing changes to the user interface without recompiling and relinking. In addition to WPTs, TAE Plus can control interaction of objects from the interpreted TAE Command Language. TCL provides a means for the more experienced developer to quickly prototype an application's use of TAE Plus interaction objects and add programming logic without the overhead of compiling or linking. TAE Plus requires MIT's X Window System and the Open Software Foundation's Motif. The HP 9000 Series 700/800 version of TAE 5.2 requires Version 11 Release 5 of the X Window System. All other machine versions of TAE 5.2 require Version 11, Release 4 of the X Window System. The Workbench and WPTs are written in C++ and the remaining code is written in C. TAE Plus is available by license for an unlimited time period. The licensed program product includes the TAE Plus source code and one set of supporting documentation. Additional documentation may be purchased separately at the price indicated below. The amount of disk space required to load the TAE Plus tar format tape is between 35Mb and 67Mb depending on the machine version. The recommended minimum memory is 12Mb. Each TAE Plus platform delivery tape includes pre-built libraries and executable binary code for that particular machine, as well as source code, so users do not have to do an installation. Users wishing to recompile the source will need both a C compiler and either GNU's C++ Version 1.39 or later, or a C++ compiler based on AT&T 2.0 cfront. TAE Plus was developed in 1989 and version 5.2 was released in 1993. TAE Plus 5.2 is available on media suitable for five different machine platforms: (1) IBM RS/6000 series workstations running AIX (.25 inch tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), (2) DEC RISC workstations running ULTRIX (TK50 cartridge in UNIX tar format), (3) HP9000 Series 700/800 computers running HP-UX 9.x and X11/R5 (HP 4mm DDS DAT tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), (4) Sun4 (SPARC) series computers running SunOS (.25 inch tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), and (5) SGI Indigo computers running IRIX (.25 inch IRIS tape cartridge in UNIX tar format). Please contact COSMIC to obtain detailed information about the supported operating system and OSF/Motif releases required for each of these machine versions. An optional Motif Object Code License is available for the Sun4 version of TAE Plus 5.2. Version 5.1 of TAE Plus remains available for DEC VAX computers running VMS, HP9000 Series 300/400 computers running HP-UX, and HP 9000 Series 700/800 computers running HP-UX 8.x and X11/R4. Please contact COSMIC for details on these versions of TAE Plus.

TAE+ 5.2 - TRANSPORTABLE APPLICATIONS ENVIRONMENT PLUS, VERSION 5.2 (IBM RS/6000 VERSION)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

TAE SUPPORT OFFICE

1994-01-01

TAE (Transportable Applications Environment) Plus is an integrated, portable environment for developing and running interactive window, text, and graphical object-based application systems. The program allows both programmers and non-programmers to easily construct their own custom application interface and to move that interface and application to different machine environments. TAE Plus makes both the application and the machine environment transparent, with noticeable improvements in the learning curve. The main components of TAE Plus are as follows: (1) the WorkBench, a What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) tool for the design and layout of a user interface; (2) the Window Programming Tools Package (WPT), a set of callable subroutines that control an application's user interface; and (3) TAE Command Language (TCL), an easy-to-learn command language that provides an easy way to develop an executable application prototype with a run-time interpreted language. The WorkBench tool allows the application developer to interactively construct the layout of an application's display screen by manipulating a set of interaction objects including input items such as buttons, icons, and scrolling text lists. User interface interactive objects include data-driven graphical objects such as dials, thermometers, and strip charts as well as menubars, option menus, file selection items, message items, push buttons, and color loggers. The WorkBench user specifies the windows and interaction objects that will make up the user interface, then specifies the sequence of the user interface dialogue. The description of the designed user interface is then saved into resource files. For those who desire to develop the designed user interface into an operational application, the WorkBench tool also generates source code (C, C++, Ada, and TCL) which fully controls the application's user interface through function calls to the WPTs. The WPTs are the runtime services used by application programs to display and control the user interfaces. Since the WPTs access the workbench-generated resource files during each execution, details such as color, font, location, and object type remain independent from the application code, allowing changes to the user interface without recompiling and relinking. In addition to WPTs, TAE Plus can control interaction of objects from the interpreted TAE Command Language. TCL provides a means for the more experienced developer to quickly prototype an application's use of TAE Plus interaction objects and add programming logic without the overhead of compiling or linking. TAE Plus requires MIT's X Window System and the Open Software Foundation's Motif. The HP 9000 Series 700/800 version of TAE 5.2 requires Version 11 Release 5 of the X Window System. All other machine versions of TAE 5.2 require Version 11, Release 4 of the X Window System. The Workbench and WPTs are written in C++ and the remaining code is written in C. TAE Plus is available by license for an unlimited time period. The licensed program product includes the TAE Plus source code and one set of supporting documentation. Additional documentation may be purchased separately at the price indicated below. The amount of disk space required to load the TAE Plus tar format tape is between 35Mb and 67Mb depending on the machine version. The recommended minimum memory is 12Mb. Each TAE Plus platform delivery tape includes pre-built libraries and executable binary code for that particular machine, as well as source code, so users do not have to do an installation. Users wishing to recompile the source will need both a C compiler and either GNU's C++ Version 1.39 or later, or a C++ compiler based on AT&T 2.0 cfront. TAE Plus was developed in 1989 and version 5.2 was released in 1993. TAE Plus 5.2 is available on media suitable for five different machine platforms: (1) IBM RS/6000 series workstations running AIX (.25 inch tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), (2) DEC RISC workstations running ULTRIX (TK50 cartridge in UNIX tar format), (3) HP9000 Series 700/800 computers running HP-UX 9.x and X11/R5 (HP 4mm DDS DAT tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), (4) Sun4 (SPARC) series computers running SunOS (.25 inch tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), and (5) SGI Indigo computers running IRIX (.25 inch IRIS tape cartridge in UNIX tar format). Please contact COSMIC to obtain detailed information about the supported operating system and OSF/Motif releases required for each of these machine versions. An optional Motif Object Code License is available for the Sun4 version of TAE Plus 5.2. Version 5.1 of TAE Plus remains available for DEC VAX computers running VMS, HP9000 Series 300/400 computers running HP-UX, and HP 9000 Series 700/800 computers running HP-UX 8.x and X11/R4. Please contact COSMIC for details on these versions of TAE Plus.

TAE+ 5.2 - TRANSPORTABLE APPLICATIONS ENVIRONMENT PLUS, VERSION 5.2 (SUN4 VERSION WITH MOTIF)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

TAE SUPPORT OFFICE

1994-01-01

TAE (Transportable Applications Environment) Plus is an integrated, portable environment for developing and running interactive window, text, and graphical object-based application systems. The program allows both programmers and non-programmers to easily construct their own custom application interface and to move that interface and application to different machine environments. TAE Plus makes both the application and the machine environment transparent, with noticeable improvements in the learning curve. The main components of TAE Plus are as follows: (1) the WorkBench, a What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) tool for the design and layout of a user interface; (2) the Window Programming Tools Package (WPT), a set of callable subroutines that control an application's user interface; and (3) TAE Command Language (TCL), an easy-to-learn command language that provides an easy way to develop an executable application prototype with a run-time interpreted language. The WorkBench tool allows the application developer to interactively construct the layout of an application's display screen by manipulating a set of interaction objects including input items such as buttons, icons, and scrolling text lists. User interface interactive objects include data-driven graphical objects such as dials, thermometers, and strip charts as well as menubars, option menus, file selection items, message items, push buttons, and color loggers. The WorkBench user specifies the windows and interaction objects that will make up the user interface, then specifies the sequence of the user interface dialogue. The description of the designed user interface is then saved into resource files. For those who desire to develop the designed user interface into an operational application, the WorkBench tool also generates source code (C, C++, Ada, and TCL) which fully controls the application's user interface through function calls to the WPTs. The WPTs are the runtime services used by application programs to display and control the user interfaces. Since the WPTs access the workbench-generated resource files during each execution, details such as color, font, location, and object type remain independent from the application code, allowing changes to the user interface without recompiling and relinking. In addition to WPTs, TAE Plus can control interaction of objects from the interpreted TAE Command Language. TCL provides a means for the more experienced developer to quickly prototype an application's use of TAE Plus interaction objects and add programming logic without the overhead of compiling or linking. TAE Plus requires MIT's X Window System and the Open Software Foundation's Motif. The HP 9000 Series 700/800 version of TAE 5.2 requires Version 11 Release 5 of the X Window System. All other machine versions of TAE 5.2 require Version 11, Release 4 of the X Window System. The Workbench and WPTs are written in C++ and the remaining code is written in C. TAE Plus is available by license for an unlimited time period. The licensed program product includes the TAE Plus source code and one set of supporting documentation. Additional documentation may be purchased separately at the price indicated below. The amount of disk space required to load the TAE Plus tar format tape is between 35Mb and 67Mb depending on the machine version. The recommended minimum memory is 12Mb. Each TAE Plus platform delivery tape includes pre-built libraries and executable binary code for that particular machine, as well as source code, so users do not have to do an installation. Users wishing to recompile the source will need both a C compiler and either GNU's C++ Version 1.39 or later, or a C++ compiler based on AT&T 2.0 cfront. TAE Plus was developed in 1989 and version 5.2 was released in 1993. TAE Plus 5.2 is available on media suitable for five different machine platforms: (1) IBM RS/6000 series workstations running AIX (.25 inch tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), (2) DEC RISC workstations running ULTRIX (TK50 cartridge in UNIX tar format), (3) HP9000 Series 700/800 computers running HP-UX 9.x and X11/R5 (HP 4mm DDS DAT tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), (4) Sun4 (SPARC) series computers running SunOS (.25 inch tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), and (5) SGI Indigo computers running IRIX (.25 inch IRIS tape cartridge in UNIX tar format). Please contact COSMIC to obtain detailed information about the supported operating system and OSF/Motif releases required for each of these machine versions. An optional Motif Object Code License is available for the Sun4 version of TAE Plus 5.2. Version 5.1 of TAE Plus remains available for DEC VAX computers running VMS, HP9000 Series 300/400 computers running HP-UX, and HP 9000 Series 700/800 computers running HP-UX 8.x and X11/R4. Please contact COSMIC for details on these versions of TAE Plus.

TAE+ 5.2 - TRANSPORTABLE APPLICATIONS ENVIRONMENT PLUS, VERSION 5.2 (SILICON GRAPHICS VERSION)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

TAE SUPPORT OFFICE

1994-01-01

TAE (Transportable Applications Environment) Plus is an integrated, portable environment for developing and running interactive window, text, and graphical object-based application systems. The program allows both programmers and non-programmers to easily construct their own custom application interface and to move that interface and application to different machine environments. TAE Plus makes both the application and the machine environment transparent, with noticeable improvements in the learning curve. The main components of TAE Plus are as follows: (1) the WorkBench, a What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) tool for the design and layout of a user interface; (2) the Window Programming Tools Package (WPT), a set of callable subroutines that control an application's user interface; and (3) TAE Command Language (TCL), an easy-to-learn command language that provides an easy way to develop an executable application prototype with a run-time interpreted language. The WorkBench tool allows the application developer to interactively construct the layout of an application's display screen by manipulating a set of interaction objects including input items such as buttons, icons, and scrolling text lists. User interface interactive objects include data-driven graphical objects such as dials, thermometers, and strip charts as well as menubars, option menus, file selection items, message items, push buttons, and color loggers. The WorkBench user specifies the windows and interaction objects that will make up the user interface, then specifies the sequence of the user interface dialogue. The description of the designed user interface is then saved into resource files. For those who desire to develop the designed user interface into an operational application, the WorkBench tool also generates source code (C, C++, Ada, and TCL) which fully controls the application's user interface through function calls to the WPTs. The WPTs are the runtime services used by application programs to display and control the user interfaces. Since the WPTs access the workbench-generated resource files during each execution, details such as color, font, location, and object type remain independent from the application code, allowing changes to the user interface without recompiling and relinking. In addition to WPTs, TAE Plus can control interaction of objects from the interpreted TAE Command Language. TCL provides a means for the more experienced developer to quickly prototype an application's use of TAE Plus interaction objects and add programming logic without the overhead of compiling or linking. TAE Plus requires MIT's X Window System and the Open Software Foundation's Motif. The HP 9000 Series 700/800 version of TAE 5.2 requires Version 11 Release 5 of the X Window System. All other machine versions of TAE 5.2 require Version 11, Release 4 of the X Window System. The Workbench and WPTs are written in C++ and the remaining code is written in C. TAE Plus is available by license for an unlimited time period. The licensed program product includes the TAE Plus source code and one set of supporting documentation. Additional documentation may be purchased separately at the price indicated below. The amount of disk space required to load the TAE Plus tar format tape is between 35Mb and 67Mb depending on the machine version. The recommended minimum memory is 12Mb. Each TAE Plus platform delivery tape includes pre-built libraries and executable binary code for that particular machine, as well as source code, so users do not have to do an installation. Users wishing to recompile the source will need both a C compiler and either GNU's C++ Version 1.39 or later, or a C++ compiler based on AT&T 2.0 cfront. TAE Plus was developed in 1989 and version 5.2 was released in 1993. TAE Plus 5.2 is available on media suitable for five different machine platforms: (1) IBM RS/6000 series workstations running AIX (.25 inch tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), (2) DEC RISC workstations running ULTRIX (TK50 cartridge in UNIX tar format), (3) HP9000 Series 700/800 computers running HP-UX 9.x and X11/R5 (HP 4mm DDS DAT tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), (4) Sun4 (SPARC) series computers running SunOS (.25 inch tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), and (5) SGI Indigo computers running IRIX (.25 inch IRIS tape cartridge in UNIX tar format). Please contact COSMIC to obtain detailed information about the supported operating system and OSF/Motif releases required for each of these machine versions. An optional Motif Object Code License is available for the Sun4 version of TAE Plus 5.2. Version 5.1 of TAE Plus remains available for DEC VAX computers running VMS, HP9000 Series 300/400 computers running HP-UX, and HP 9000 Series 700/800 computers running HP-UX 8.x and X11/R4. Please contact COSMIC for details on these versions of TAE Plus.

TAE+ 5.2 - TRANSPORTABLE APPLICATIONS ENVIRONMENT PLUS, VERSION 5.2 (SUN4 VERSION)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

TAE SUPPORT OFFICE

1994-01-01

TAE (Transportable Applications Environment) Plus is an integrated, portable environment for developing and running interactive window, text, and graphical object-based application systems. The program allows both programmers and non-programmers to easily construct their own custom application interface and to move that interface and application to different machine environments. TAE Plus makes both the application and the machine environment transparent, with noticeable improvements in the learning curve. The main components of TAE Plus are as follows: (1) the WorkBench, a What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) tool for the design and layout of a user interface; (2) the Window Programming Tools Package (WPT), a set of callable subroutines that control an application's user interface; and (3) TAE Command Language (TCL), an easy-to-learn command language that provides an easy way to develop an executable application prototype with a run-time interpreted language. The WorkBench tool allows the application developer to interactively construct the layout of an application's display screen by manipulating a set of interaction objects including input items such as buttons, icons, and scrolling text lists. User interface interactive objects include data-driven graphical objects such as dials, thermometers, and strip charts as well as menubars, option menus, file selection items, message items, push buttons, and color loggers. The WorkBench user specifies the windows and interaction objects that will make up the user interface, then specifies the sequence of the user interface dialogue. The description of the designed user interface is then saved into resource files. For those who desire to develop the designed user interface into an operational application, the WorkBench tool also generates source code (C, C++, Ada, and TCL) which fully controls the application's user interface through function calls to the WPTs. The WPTs are the runtime services used by application programs to display and control the user interfaces. Since the WPTs access the workbench-generated resource files during each execution, details such as color, font, location, and object type remain independent from the application code, allowing changes to the user interface without recompiling and relinking. In addition to WPTs, TAE Plus can control interaction of objects from the interpreted TAE Command Language. TCL provides a means for the more experienced developer to quickly prototype an application's use of TAE Plus interaction objects and add programming logic without the overhead of compiling or linking. TAE Plus requires MIT's X Window System and the Open Software Foundation's Motif. The HP 9000 Series 700/800 version of TAE 5.2 requires Version 11 Release 5 of the X Window System. All other machine versions of TAE 5.2 require Version 11, Release 4 of the X Window System. The Workbench and WPTs are written in C++ and the remaining code is written in C. TAE Plus is available by license for an unlimited time period. The licensed program product includes the TAE Plus source code and one set of supporting documentation. Additional documentation may be purchased separately at the price indicated below. The amount of disk space required to load the TAE Plus tar format tape is between 35Mb and 67Mb depending on the machine version. The recommended minimum memory is 12Mb. Each TAE Plus platform delivery tape includes pre-built libraries and executable binary code for that particular machine, as well as source code, so users do not have to do an installation. Users wishing to recompile the source will need both a C compiler and either GNU's C++ Version 1.39 or later, or a C++ compiler based on AT&T 2.0 cfront. TAE Plus was developed in 1989 and version 5.2 was released in 1993. TAE Plus 5.2 is available on media suitable for five different machine platforms: (1) IBM RS/6000 series workstations running AIX (.25 inch tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), (2) DEC RISC workstations running ULTRIX (TK50 cartridge in UNIX tar format), (3) HP9000 Series 700/800 computers running HP-UX 9.x and X11/R5 (HP 4mm DDS DAT tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), (4) Sun4 (SPARC) series computers running SunOS (.25 inch tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), and (5) SGI Indigo computers running IRIX (.25 inch IRIS tape cartridge in UNIX tar format). Please contact COSMIC to obtain detailed information about the supported operating system and OSF/Motif releases required for each of these machine versions. An optional Motif Object Code License is available for the Sun4 version of TAE Plus 5.2. Version 5.1 of TAE Plus remains available for DEC VAX computers running VMS, HP9000 Series 300/400 computers running HP-UX, and HP 9000 Series 700/800 computers running HP-UX 8.x and X11/R4. Please contact COSMIC for details on these versions of TAE Plus.

TAE+ 5.2 - TRANSPORTABLE APPLICATIONS ENVIRONMENT PLUS, VERSION 5.2 (DEC RISC ULTRIX VERSION)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

TAE SUPPORT OFFICE

1994-01-01

TAE (Transportable Applications Environment) Plus is an integrated, portable environment for developing and running interactive window, text, and graphical object-based application systems. The program allows both programmers and non-programmers to easily construct their own custom application interface and to move that interface and application to different machine environments. TAE Plus makes both the application and the machine environment transparent, with noticeable improvements in the learning curve. The main components of TAE Plus are as follows: (1) the WorkBench, a What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) tool for the design and layout of a user interface; (2) the Window Programming Tools Package (WPT), a set of callable subroutines that control an application's user interface; and (3) TAE Command Language (TCL), an easy-to-learn command language that provides an easy way to develop an executable application prototype with a run-time interpreted language. The WorkBench tool allows the application developer to interactively construct the layout of an application's display screen by manipulating a set of interaction objects including input items such as buttons, icons, and scrolling text lists. User interface interactive objects include data-driven graphical objects such as dials, thermometers, and strip charts as well as menubars, option menus, file selection items, message items, push buttons, and color loggers. The WorkBench user specifies the windows and interaction objects that will make up the user interface, then specifies the sequence of the user interface dialogue. The description of the designed user interface is then saved into resource files. For those who desire to develop the designed user interface into an operational application, the WorkBench tool also generates source code (C, C++, Ada, and TCL) which fully controls the application's user interface through function calls to the WPTs. The WPTs are the runtime services used by application programs to display and control the user interfaces. Since the WPTs access the workbench-generated resource files during each execution, details such as color, font, location, and object type remain independent from the application code, allowing changes to the user interface without recompiling and relinking. In addition to WPTs, TAE Plus can control interaction of objects from the interpreted TAE Command Language. TCL provides a means for the more experienced developer to quickly prototype an application's use of TAE Plus interaction objects and add programming logic without the overhead of compiling or linking. TAE Plus requires MIT's X Window System and the Open Software Foundation's Motif. The HP 9000 Series 700/800 version of TAE 5.2 requires Version 11 Release 5 of the X Window System. All other machine versions of TAE 5.2 require Version 11, Release 4 of the X Window System. The Workbench and WPTs are written in C++ and the remaining code is written in C. TAE Plus is available by license for an unlimited time period. The licensed program product includes the TAE Plus source code and one set of supporting documentation. Additional documentation may be purchased separately at the price indicated below. The amount of disk space required to load the TAE Plus tar format tape is between 35Mb and 67Mb depending on the machine version. The recommended minimum memory is 12Mb. Each TAE Plus platform delivery tape includes pre-built libraries and executable binary code for that particular machine, as well as source code, so users do not have to do an installation. Users wishing to recompile the source will need both a C compiler and either GNU's C++ Version 1.39 or later, or a C++ compiler based on AT&T 2.0 cfront. TAE Plus was developed in 1989 and version 5.2 was released in 1993. TAE Plus 5.2 is available on media suitable for five different machine platforms: (1) IBM RS/6000 series workstations running AIX (.25 inch tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), (2) DEC RISC workstations running ULTRIX (TK50 cartridge in UNIX tar format), (3) HP9000 Series 700/800 computers running HP-UX 9.x and X11/R5 (HP 4mm DDS DAT tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), (4) Sun4 (SPARC) series computers running SunOS (.25 inch tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), and (5) SGI Indigo computers running IRIX (.25 inch IRIS tape cartridge in UNIX tar format). Please contact COSMIC to obtain detailed information about the supported operating system and OSF/Motif releases required for each of these machine versions. An optional Motif Object Code License is available for the Sun4 version of TAE Plus 5.2. Version 5.1 of TAE Plus remains available for DEC VAX computers running VMS, HP9000 Series 300/400 computers running HP-UX, and HP 9000 Series 700/800 computers running HP-UX 8.x and X11/R4. Please contact COSMIC for details on these versions of TAE Plus.

TCL1 oncogene expression in AIDS-related lymphomas and lymphoid tissues

PubMed Central

Teitell, Michael; Damore, Michael A.; Sulur, Girija G.; Turner, Devin E.; Stern, Marc-Henri; Said, Jonathan W.; Denny, Christopher T.; Wall, Randolph

1999-01-01

AIDS-related non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (AIDS NHL) comprises a diverse and heterogeneous group of high-grade B cell tumors. Certain classes of AIDS NHL are associated with alterations in oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes or infections by oncogenic herpesviruses. However, the clinically significant class of AIDS NHL designated immunoblastic lymphoma plasmacytoid (AIDS IBLP) lacks any consistent genetic alterations. We identified the TCL1 oncogene from a set of AIDS IBLP-associated cDNA fragments generated by subtractive hybridization with non-AIDS IBLP. Aberrant TCL1 expression has been implicated in T cell leukemia/lymphoma development, and its expression also has been seen in many established B cell tumor lines. However, TCL1 expression has not been reported in AIDS NHL. We find that TCL1 is expressed in the majority of AIDS IBLP tumors examined. TCL1 protein expression is restricted to tumor cells in AIDS IBLP tissue samples analyzed with immunohistochemical staining. Hyperplastic lymph node and tonsil also exhibit strong TCL1 protein expression in mantle zone B cells and in rare interfollicular zone cells, whereas follicle-center B cells (centroblasts and centrocytes) show weaker expression. These results establish TCL1 as the most prevalent of all of the surveyed oncogenes associated with AIDS IBLP. They also indicate that abundant TCL1 expression in quiescent mantle zone B cells is down-regulated in activated germinal center follicular B cells in parallel to the known expression pattern of BCL-2. High-level expression in nonproliferating B cells suggests that TCL1 may function in protecting naïve preactivated B cells from apoptosis. PMID:10449776

Protective antitumor immunity induced by tumor cell lysates conjugated with diphtheria toxin and adjuvant epitope in mouse breast tumor models

PubMed Central

Wang, Ze-Yu; Xing, Yun; Liu, Bin; Lu, Lei; Huang, Xiao; Ge, Chi-Yu; Yao, Wen-Jun; Xu, Mao-Lei; Gao, Zhen-Qiu; Cao, Rong-Yue; Wu, Jie; Li, Tai-Ming

2012-01-01

Cancer cell vaccine-based immunotherapy has received increasing interest in many clinical trials involving patients with breast cancer. Combining with appropriate adjuvants can enhance the weak immunogenic properties of tumor cell lysates (TCL). In this study, diphtheria toxin (DT) and two tandem repeats of mycobacterial heat shock protein 70 (mHSP70) fragment 407-426 (M2) were conjugated to TCL with glutaraldehyde, and the constructed cancer cell vaccine was named DT-TCL-M2. Subcutaneous injection of DT-TCL-M2 in mice effectively elicited tumor-specific polyclonal immune responses, including humoral and cellular immune responses. High levels of antibodies against TCL were detected in the serum of immunized mice with ELISA and verified with Western blot analyses. The splenocytes from immunized mice showed potent cytotoxicity on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. Moreover, the protective antitumor immunity induced by DT-TCL-M2 inhibited tumor growth in a mouse breast tumor model. DT-TCL-M2 also attenuated tumor-induced angiogenesis and slowed tumor growth in a mouse intradermal tumor model. These findings demonstrate that TCL conjugated with appropriate adjuvants induced effective antitumor immunity in vivo. Improvements in potency could further make cancer cell vaccines a useful and safe method for preventing cancer recurrence after resection. PMID:22464650

Control of trichome formation in Arabidopsis by poplar single-repeat R3 MYB transcription factors

PubMed Central

Zhou, Limei; Zheng, Kaijie; Wang, Xiaoyu; Tian, Hainan; Wang, Xianling; Wang, Shucai

2014-01-01

In Arabidopsis, trichome formation is regulated by the interplay of R3 MYBs and several others transcription factors including the WD40-repeat protein TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1), the R2R3 MYB transcription factor GLABRA1 (GL1), the bHLH transcription factor GLABRA3 (GL3) or ENHANCER OF GLABRA3 (EGL3), and the homeodomain protein GLABRA2 (GL2). R3 MYBs including TRICHOMELESS1 (TCL1), TCL2, TRYPTICHON (TRY), CAPRICE (CPC), ENHANCER OF TRY AND CPC1 (ETC1), ETC2 and ETC3 negatively regulate trichome formation by competing with GL1 for binding GL3 or EGL3, thus blocking the formation of TTG1–GL3/EGL3–GL1, an activator complex required for the activation of the trichome positive regulator gene GL2. However, it is largely unknown if R3 MYBs in other plant species especially woody plants have similar functions. By BLASTing the Populus trichocarpa protein database using the entire amino acid sequence of TCL1, an Arabidopsis R3 MYB transcription factor, we identified a total of eight R3 MYB transcription factor genes in poplar, namely P. trichocarpa TRICHOMELESS1 through 8 (PtrTCL1–PtrTCL8). The amino acid signature required for interacting with bHLH transcription factors and the amino acids required for cell-to-cell movement of R3 MYBs are not fully conserved in all PtrTCLs. When tested in Arabidopsis protoplasts, however, all PtrTCLs interacted with GL3. Expressing each of the eight PtrTCL genes in Arabidopsis resulted in either glabrous phenotypes or plants with reduced trichome numbers, and expression levels of GL2 in all transgenic plants tested were greatly reduced. Expression of PtrTCL1 under the control of TCL1 native promoter almost completely complemented the mutant phenotype of tcl. In contrast, expression of PtrTCL1 under the control of TRY native promoter in the try mutant, or under the control of CPC native promoter in the cpc mutant resulted in glabrous phenotypes, suggesting that PtrTCL1 functions similarly to TCL1, but not TRY and CPC. PMID:24959169

TCL1A, a Novel Transcription Factor and a Coregulator of Nuclear Factor κB p65: Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Estrogen Dependence.

PubMed

Ho, Ming-Fen; Lummertz da Rocha, Edroaldo; Zhang, Cheng; Ingle, James N; Goss, Paul E; Shepherd, Lois E; Kubo, Michiaki; Wang, Liewei; Li, Hu; Weinshilboum, Richard M

2018-06-01

T-cell leukemia 1A ( TCL1A ) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with aromatase inhibitor-induced musculoskeletal adverse events. We previously demonstrated that TCL1A is inducible by estradiol (E 2 ) and plays a critical role in the regulation of cytokines, chemokines, and Toll-like receptors in a TCL1A SNP genotype and estrogen-dependent fashion. Furthermore, TCLIA SNP-dependent expression phenotypes can be "reversed" by exposure to selective estrogen receptor modulators such as 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OH-TAM). The present study was designed to comprehensively characterize the role of TCL1A in transcriptional regulation across the genome by performing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) assays with lymphoblastoid cell lines. RNA-seq identified 357 genes that were regulated in a TCL1A SNP- and E 2 -dependent fashion with expression patterns that were 4OH-TAM reversible. ChIP-seq for the same cells identified 57 TCL1A binding sites that could be regulated by E 2 in a SNP-dependent fashion. Even more striking, nuclear factor- κ B (NF- κ B) p65 bound to those same DNA regions. In summary, TCL1A is a novel transcription factor with expression that is regulated in a SNP- and E 2 -dependent fashion-a pattern of expression that can be reversed by 4OH-TAM. Integrated RNA-seq and ChIP-seq results suggest that TCL1A also acts as a transcriptional coregulator with NF- κ B p65, an important immune system transcription factor. Copyright © 2018 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

Cervical lymphadenitis: tuberculosis or tularaemia?

PubMed

Karabay, O; Kilic, S; Gurcan, S; Pelitli, T; Karadenizli, A; Bozkurt, H; Bostanci, S

2013-02-01

Both tuberculosis cervical lymphadenitis (TCL) and oropharyngeal tularaemia (OT) have similar signs, symptoms and pathological findings. We aimed to investigate the frequency of tularaemia antibodies in patients diagnosed with TCL. Using data from the Tuberculosis Control Dispensaries between the years of 2008 and 2011 in Turkey, all patients diagnosed with TCL were informed about and included in the study. Control group subjects were selected from healthy blood donors who lived in the same region. After informed consent was obtained, the sera obtained from volunteer TCL patients and the control group were tested with a microagglutination technique for Francisella tularensis. Antibodies to Brucella were also investigated with a tube agglutination test for cross-reactivity in sera that were seropositive for tularaemia. Sera were obtained from a total of 1170 individuals in the TCL group and 596 in the control group from 67 of 81 provinces in Turkey. Francisella tularensis-positive antibodies were found in 79 (6.75%) cases in the TCL group and two (0.33%) cases in the control group with a titre of ≥1:80 (p < 0.01). When the presence of antibody of any titre was considered, the ratio became 8.2% (96/1170) in the TCL group and 0.67% (4/596) in the control group (p < 0.001). For the first time, with this study, tularaemia serology was found to be positive in a significant portion (6.75%) of diagnosed cases of TCL. In tularaemia endemic regions, it was concluded that tularaemia serology should be investigated in patients suspected of having TCL. © 2012 The Authors Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2012 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

Gunshot energy transfer profile in ballistic gelatine, determined with computed tomography using the total crack length method.

PubMed

Bolliger, Stephan A; Thali, Michael J; Bolliger, Michael J; Kneubuehl, Beat P

2010-11-01

By measuring the total crack lengths (TCL) along a gunshot wound channel simulated in ordnance gelatine, one can calculate the energy transferred by a projectile to the surrounding tissue along its course. Visual quantitative TCL analysis of cut slices in ordnance gelatine blocks is unreliable due to the poor visibility of cracks and the likely introduction of secondary cracks resulting from slicing. Furthermore, gelatine TCL patterns are difficult to preserve because of the deterioration of the internal structures of gelatine with age and the tendency of gelatine to decompose. By contrast, using computed tomography (CT) software for TCL analysis in gelatine, cracks on 1-cm thick slices can be easily detected, measured and preserved. In this, experiment CT TCL analyses were applied to gunshots fired into gelatine blocks by three different ammunition types (9-mm Luger full metal jacket, .44 Remington Magnum semi-jacketed hollow point and 7.62 × 51 RWS Cone-Point). The resulting TCL curves reflected the three projectiles' capacity to transfer energy to the surrounding tissue very accurately and showed clearly the typical energy transfer differences. We believe that CT is a useful tool in evaluating gunshot wound profiles using the TCL method and is indeed superior to conventional methods applying physical slicing of the gelatine.

TAE+ 5.1 - TRANSPORTABLE APPLICATIONS ENVIRONMENT PLUS, VERSION 5.1 (DEC VAX ULTRIX VERSION)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

TAE SUPPORT OFFICE

1994-01-01

TAE (Transportable Applications Environment) Plus is an integrated, portable environment for developing and running interactive window, text, and graphical object-based application systems. The program allows both programmers and non-programmers to easily construct their own custom application interface and to move that interface and application to different machine environments. TAE Plus makes both the application and the machine environment transparent, with noticeable improvements in the learning curve. The main components of TAE Plus are as follows: (1) the WorkBench, a What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) tool for the design and layout of a user interface; (2) the Window Programming Tools Package (WPT), a set of callable subroutines that control an application's user interface; and (3) TAE Command Language (TCL), an easy-to-learn command language that provides an easy way to develop an executable application prototype with a run-time interpreted language. The WorkBench tool allows the application developer to interactively construct the layout of an application's display screen by manipulating a set of interaction objects including input items such as buttons, icons, and scrolling text lists. Data-driven graphical objects such as dials, thermometers, and strip charts are also included. TAE Plus updates the strip chart as the data values change. The WorkBench user specifies the windows and interaction objects that will make up the user interface, then specifies the sequence of the user interface dialogue. The description of the designed user interface is then saved into resource files. For those who desire to develop the designed user interface into an operational application, the WorkBench tool also generates source code (C, Ada, and TCL) which fully controls the application's user interface through function calls to the WPTs. The WPTs are the runtime services used by application programs to display and control the user interfaces. Since the WPTs access the workbench-generated resource files during each execution, details such as color, font, location, and object type remain independent from the application code, allowing changes to the user interface without recompiling and relinking. The Silicon Graphics version of TAE Plus now has a font caching scheme and a color caching scheme to make color allocation more efficient. In addition to WPTs, TAE Plus can control interaction of objects from the interpreted TAE Command Language. TCL provides an extremely powerful means for the more experienced developer to quickly prototype an application's use of TAE Plus interaction objects and add programming logic without the overhead of compiling or linking. TAE Plus requires MIT's X Window System, Version 11 Release 4, and the Open Software Foundation's Motif Toolkit 1.1 or 1.1.1. The Workbench and WPTs are written in C++ and the remaining code is written in C. TAE Plus is available by license for an unlimited time period. The licensed program product includes the TAE Plus source code and one set of supporting documentation. Additional documentation may be purchased separately at the price indicated below. The amount of disk space required to load the TAE Plus tar format tape is between 35Mb and 67Mb depending on the machine version. The recommended minimum memory is 12Mb. Each TAE Plus platform delivery tape includes pre-built libraries and executable binary code for that particular machine, as well as source code, so users do not have to do an installation. Users wishing to recompile the source will need both a C compiler and either GNU's C++ Version 1.39 or later, or a C++ compiler based on AT&T 2.0 cfront. TAE Plus comes with InterViews and idraw, two software packages developed by Stanford University and integrated in TAE Plus. TAE Plus was developed in 1989 and version 5.1 was released in 1991. TAE Plus is currently available on media suitable for eight different machine platforms: 1) DEC VAX computers running VMS 5.3 or higher (TK50 cartridge in VAX BACKUP format), 2) DEC VAXstations running ULTRIX 4.1 or later (TK50 cartridge in UNIX tar format), 3) DEC RISC workstations running ULTRIX 4.1 or later (TK50 cartridge in UNIX tar format), 4) HP9000 Series 300/400 computers running HP-UX 8.0 (.25 inch HP-preformatted tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), 5) HP9000 Series 700 computers running HP-UX 8.05 (HP 4mm DDS DAT tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), 6) Sun3 series computers running SunOS 4.1.1 (.25 inch tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), 7) Sun4 (SPARC) series computers running SunOS 4.1.1 (.25 inch tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), and 8) SGI Indigo computers running IRIX 4.0.1 and IRIX/Motif 1.0.1 (.25 inch IRIS tape cartridge in UNIX tar format). An optional Motif Object Code License is available for either Sun version. TAE is a trademark of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. X Window System is a trademark of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Motif is a trademark of the Open Software Foundation. DEC, VAX, VMS, TK50 and ULTRIX are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. HP9000 and HP-UX are trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Co. Sun3, Sun4, SunOS, and SPARC are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. SGI and IRIS are registered trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc.

TAE+ 5.1 - TRANSPORTABLE APPLICATIONS ENVIRONMENT PLUS, VERSION 5.1 (SUN3 VERSION)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

TAE SUPPORT OFFICE

1994-01-01

TAE (Transportable Applications Environment) Plus is an integrated, portable environment for developing and running interactive window, text, and graphical object-based application systems. The program allows both programmers and non-programmers to easily construct their own custom application interface and to move that interface and application to different machine environments. TAE Plus makes both the application and the machine environment transparent, with noticeable improvements in the learning curve. The main components of TAE Plus are as follows: (1) the WorkBench, a What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) tool for the design and layout of a user interface; (2) the Window Programming Tools Package (WPT), a set of callable subroutines that control an application's user interface; and (3) TAE Command Language (TCL), an easy-to-learn command language that provides an easy way to develop an executable application prototype with a run-time interpreted language. The WorkBench tool allows the application developer to interactively construct the layout of an application's display screen by manipulating a set of interaction objects including input items such as buttons, icons, and scrolling text lists. Data-driven graphical objects such as dials, thermometers, and strip charts are also included. TAE Plus updates the strip chart as the data values change. The WorkBench user specifies the windows and interaction objects that will make up the user interface, then specifies the sequence of the user interface dialogue. The description of the designed user interface is then saved into resource files. For those who desire to develop the designed user interface into an operational application, the WorkBench tool also generates source code (C, Ada, and TCL) which fully controls the application's user interface through function calls to the WPTs. The WPTs are the runtime services used by application programs to display and control the user interfaces. Since the WPTs access the workbench-generated resource files during each execution, details such as color, font, location, and object type remain independent from the application code, allowing changes to the user interface without recompiling and relinking. The Silicon Graphics version of TAE Plus now has a font caching scheme and a color caching scheme to make color allocation more efficient. In addition to WPTs, TAE Plus can control interaction of objects from the interpreted TAE Command Language. TCL provides an extremely powerful means for the more experienced developer to quickly prototype an application's use of TAE Plus interaction objects and add programming logic without the overhead of compiling or linking. TAE Plus requires MIT's X Window System, Version 11 Release 4, and the Open Software Foundation's Motif Toolkit 1.1 or 1.1.1. The Workbench and WPTs are written in C++ and the remaining code is written in C. TAE Plus is available by license for an unlimited time period. The licensed program product includes the TAE Plus source code and one set of supporting documentation. Additional documentation may be purchased separately at the price indicated below. The amount of disk space required to load the TAE Plus tar format tape is between 35Mb and 67Mb depending on the machine version. The recommended minimum memory is 12Mb. Each TAE Plus platform delivery tape includes pre-built libraries and executable binary code for that particular machine, as well as source code, so users do not have to do an installation. Users wishing to recompile the source will need both a C compiler and either GNU's C++ Version 1.39 or later, or a C++ compiler based on AT&T 2.0 cfront. TAE Plus comes with InterViews and idraw, two software packages developed by Stanford University and integrated in TAE Plus. TAE Plus was developed in 1989 and version 5.1 was released in 1991. TAE Plus is currently available on media suitable for eight different machine platforms: 1) DEC VAX computers running VMS 5.3 or higher (TK50 cartridge in VAX BACKUP format), 2) DEC VAXstations running ULTRIX 4.1 or later (TK50 cartridge in UNIX tar format), 3) DEC RISC workstations running ULTRIX 4.1 or later (TK50 cartridge in UNIX tar format), 4) HP9000 Series 300/400 computers running HP-UX 8.0 (.25 inch HP-preformatted tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), 5) HP9000 Series 700 computers running HP-UX 8.05 (HP 4mm DDS DAT tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), 6) Sun3 series computers running SunOS 4.1.1 (.25 inch tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), 7) Sun4 (SPARC) series computers running SunOS 4.1.1 (.25 inch tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), and 8) SGI Indigo computers running IRIX 4.0.1 and IRIX/Motif 1.0.1 (.25 inch IRIS tape cartridge in UNIX tar format). An optional Motif Object Code License is available for either Sun version. TAE is a trademark of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. X Window System is a trademark of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Motif is a trademark of the Open Software Foundation. DEC, VAX, VMS, TK50 and ULTRIX are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. HP9000 and HP-UX are trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Co. Sun3, Sun4, SunOS, and SPARC are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. SGI and IRIS are registered trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc.

TAE+ 5.1 - TRANSPORTABLE APPLICATIONS ENVIRONMENT PLUS, VERSION 5.1 (SUN3 VERSION WITH MOTIF)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

TAE SUPPORT OFFICE

1994-01-01

TAE (Transportable Applications Environment) Plus is an integrated, portable environment for developing and running interactive window, text, and graphical object-based application systems. The program allows both programmers and non-programmers to easily construct their own custom application interface and to move that interface and application to different machine environments. TAE Plus makes both the application and the machine environment transparent, with noticeable improvements in the learning curve. The main components of TAE Plus are as follows: (1) the WorkBench, a What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) tool for the design and layout of a user interface; (2) the Window Programming Tools Package (WPT), a set of callable subroutines that control an application's user interface; and (3) TAE Command Language (TCL), an easy-to-learn command language that provides an easy way to develop an executable application prototype with a run-time interpreted language. The WorkBench tool allows the application developer to interactively construct the layout of an application's display screen by manipulating a set of interaction objects including input items such as buttons, icons, and scrolling text lists. Data-driven graphical objects such as dials, thermometers, and strip charts are also included. TAE Plus updates the strip chart as the data values change. The WorkBench user specifies the windows and interaction objects that will make up the user interface, then specifies the sequence of the user interface dialogue. The description of the designed user interface is then saved into resource files. For those who desire to develop the designed user interface into an operational application, the WorkBench tool also generates source code (C, Ada, and TCL) which fully controls the application's user interface through function calls to the WPTs. The WPTs are the runtime services used by application programs to display and control the user interfaces. Since the WPTs access the workbench-generated resource files during each execution, details such as color, font, location, and object type remain independent from the application code, allowing changes to the user interface without recompiling and relinking. The Silicon Graphics version of TAE Plus now has a font caching scheme and a color caching scheme to make color allocation more efficient. In addition to WPTs, TAE Plus can control interaction of objects from the interpreted TAE Command Language. TCL provides an extremely powerful means for the more experienced developer to quickly prototype an application's use of TAE Plus interaction objects and add programming logic without the overhead of compiling or linking. TAE Plus requires MIT's X Window System, Version 11 Release 4, and the Open Software Foundation's Motif Toolkit 1.1 or 1.1.1. The Workbench and WPTs are written in C++ and the remaining code is written in C. TAE Plus is available by license for an unlimited time period. The licensed program product includes the TAE Plus source code and one set of supporting documentation. Additional documentation may be purchased separately at the price indicated below. The amount of disk space required to load the TAE Plus tar format tape is between 35Mb and 67Mb depending on the machine version. The recommended minimum memory is 12Mb. Each TAE Plus platform delivery tape includes pre-built libraries and executable binary code for that particular machine, as well as source code, so users do not have to do an installation. Users wishing to recompile the source will need both a C compiler and either GNU's C++ Version 1.39 or later, or a C++ compiler based on AT&T 2.0 cfront. TAE Plus comes with InterViews and idraw, two software packages developed by Stanford University and integrated in TAE Plus. TAE Plus was developed in 1989 and version 5.1 was released in 1991. TAE Plus is currently available on media suitable for eight different machine platforms: 1) DEC VAX computers running VMS 5.3 or higher (TK50 cartridge in VAX BACKUP format), 2) DEC VAXstations running ULTRIX 4.1 or later (TK50 cartridge in UNIX tar format), 3) DEC RISC workstations running ULTRIX 4.1 or later (TK50 cartridge in UNIX tar format), 4) HP9000 Series 300/400 computers running HP-UX 8.0 (.25 inch HP-preformatted tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), 5) HP9000 Series 700 computers running HP-UX 8.05 (HP 4mm DDS DAT tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), 6) Sun3 series computers running SunOS 4.1.1 (.25 inch tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), 7) Sun4 (SPARC) series computers running SunOS 4.1.1 (.25 inch tape cartridge in UNIX tar format), and 8) SGI Indigo computers running IRIX 4.0.1 and IRIX/Motif 1.0.1 (.25 inch IRIS tape cartridge in UNIX tar format). An optional Motif Object Code License is available for either Sun version. TAE is a trademark of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. X Window System is a trademark of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Motif is a trademark of the Open Software Foundation. DEC, VAX, VMS, TK50 and ULTRIX are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. HP9000 and HP-UX are trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Co. Sun3, Sun4, SunOS, and SPARC are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. SGI and IRIS are registered trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc.

Ectopic expression of R3 MYB transcription factor gene OsTCL1 in Arabidopsis, but not rice, affects trichome and root hair formation

PubMed Central

Zheng, Kaijie; Tian, Hainan; Hu, Qingnan; Guo, Hongyan; Yang, Li; Cai, Ling; Wang, Xutong; Liu, Bao; Wang, Shucai

2016-01-01

In Arabidopsis, a MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) transcriptional activator complex activates the homeodomain protein gene GLABRA2 (GL2), leading to the promotion of trichome formation and inhibition of root hair formation. The same MBW complex also activates single-repeat R3 MYB genes. R3 MYBs in turn, play a negative feedback role by competing with R2R3 MYB proteins for binding bHLH proteins, thus blocking the formation of the MBW complex. By BLASTing the rice (Oryza sativa) protein database using the entire amino acid sequence of Arabidopsis R3 MYB transcription factor TRICHOMELESS1 (TCL1), we found that there are two genes in rice genome encoding R3 MYB transcription factors, namely Oryza sativa TRICHOMELESS1 (OsTCL1) and OsTCL2. Expressing OsTCL1 in Arabidopsis inhibited trichome formation and promoted root hair formation, and OsTCL1 interacted with GL3 when tested in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Consistent with these observations, expression levels of GL2, R2R3 MYB transcription factor gene GLABRA1 (GL1) and several R3 MYB genes were greatly reduced, indicating that OsTCL1 is functional R3 MYB. However, trichome and root hair formation in transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsTCL1 remained largely unchanged, and elevated expression of OsGL2 was observed in the transgenic rice plants, indicating that rice may use different mechanisms to regulate trichome formation. PMID:26758286

The emergence of Zipf's law - Spontaneous encoding optimization by users of a command language

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ellis, S. R.; Hitchcock, R. J.

1986-01-01

The distribution of commands issued by experienced users of a computer operating system allowing command customization tends to conform to Zipf's law. This result documents the emergence of a statistical property of natural language as users master an artificial language. Analysis of Zipf's law by Mandelbrot and Cherry shows that its emergence in the computer interaction of experienced users may be interpreted as evidence that these users optimize their encoding of commands. Accordingly, the extent to which users of a command language exhibit Zipf's law can provide a metric of the naturalness and efficiency with which that language is used.

Geochemical Analyses of Rock, Sediment, and Water from the Region In and Around the Tuba City Landfill, Tuba City, Arizona

USGS Publications Warehouse

Johnson, Raymond H.; Wirt, Laurie

2009-01-01

The Tuba City Landfill (TCL) started as an unregulated waste disposal site in the 1940s and was administratively closed in 1997. Since the TCL closure, radionuclides have been detected in the shallow ground water. In 2006, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) contracted with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to better understand the source of radionuclides in the ground water at the TCL compared to the surrounding region. This report summarizes those data and presents interpretations that focus on the geochemistry in the rocks and water from the Tuba City region. The TCL is sited on Navajo Sandstone above the contact with the Kayenta Formation. These formations are not rich in uranium but generally are below average crustal abundance values for uranium. Uranium ores in the area were mined nearby in the Chinle Formation and processed at the Rare Metals mill (RMM). Regional samples of rock, sediment, leachates, and water were collected in and around the TCL site and analyzed for major and minor elements, 18O, 2H, 3H, 13C, 14C,34S, 87Sr, and 234U/238U, as appropriate. Results of whole rock and sediment samples, along with leachates, suggest the Chinle Formation is a major source of uranium and other trace elements in the area. Regional water samples indicate that some of the wells within the TCL site have geochemical signatures that are different from the regional springs and surface water. The geochemistry from these TCL wells is most similar to leachates from the Chinle Formation rocks and sediments. Isotope samples do not uniquely identify TCL-derived waters, but they do provide a useful indicator for shallow compared to deep ground-water flow paths and general rock/water interaction times. Information in this report provides a comparison between the geochemistry within the TCL and in the region as a whole.

MX: A beamline control system toolkit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lavender, William M.

2000-06-01

The development of experimental and beamline control systems for two Collaborative Access Teams at the Advanced Photon Source has resulted in the creation of a portable data acquisition and control toolkit called MX. MX consists of a set of servers, application programs and libraries that enable the creation of command line and graphical user interface applications that may be easily retargeted to new and different kinds of motor and device controllers. The source code for MX is written in ANSI C and Tcl/Tk with interprocess communication via TCP/IP. MX is available for several versions of Unix, Windows 95/98/NT and DOS. It may be downloaded from the web site http://www.imca.aps.anl.gov/mx/.

CD8+ T cells and Risk for Bacterial Pneumonia and All-Cause Mortality Among HIV-infected Women

PubMed Central

Gohil, Shruti; Heo, Moonseong; Schoenbaum, Ellie; Celentano, David; Pirofski, Liise-anne

2012-01-01

Background Bacterial pneumonia risk is disproportionately high among those infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This risk is present across all CD4+ T cell levels (TCL), suggesting additional factors govern susceptibility. This study examines CD8+ TCL and risk for HIV-associated bacterial pneumonia and all-cause mortality. Methods Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained for 885 HIV-infected (HIV+) women enrolled in the HIV Epidemiologic Research Study (HERS). Bacterial pneumonia cases were identified using clinical, microbiologic, and radiographic criteria. CD8+ TCLs were assessed at 6-month intervals. Statistical methods included Cox proportional hazards regression modeling and covariate-adjusted survival estimates. Results Relative to a referent CD8+ TCL 401–800 cells/mm3, risk for bacterial pneumonia was significantly higher when CD8+ TCLs were ≤ 400 (hazard ratio 1.65, p=0.017, 95% CI 1.10–2.49), after adjusting for age, CD4+ TCL, viral load, and antiretroviral use. There was also a significantly higher risk of death when CD8+ TCLs were ≤ 400 cells/mm3 (hazard ratio 1.45, p=0.04, 95% CI 1.02–2.06). Covariate-adjusted survival estimates revealed shorter time to pneumonia and death in this CD8+ TCL category and the overall association of the categorized CD8+TCL with bacterial pneumonia and all-cause mortality were each statistically significant (p=0.017 and p<0.0001, respectively). Conclusions CD8+ TCL ≤ 400 cells/mm3 was associated with increased risk for pneumonia and all-cause mortality in HIV-infected women in the HERS Cohort, suggesting that CD8+ TCL could serve as an adjunctive biomarker of pneumonia risk and mortality in HIV-infected individuals. PMID:22334070

Considerations on command and response language features for a network of heterogeneous autonomous computers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Engelberg, N.; Shaw, C., III

1984-01-01

The design of a uniform command language to be used in a local area network of heterogeneous, autonomous nodes is considered. After examining the major characteristics of such a network, and after considering the profile of a scientist using the computers on the net as an investigative aid, a set of reasonable requirements for the command language are derived. Taking into account the possible inefficiencies in implementing a guest-layered network operating system and command language on a heterogeneous net, the authors examine command language naming, process/procedure invocation, parameter acquisition, help and response facilities, and other features found in single-node command languages, and conclude that some features may extend simply to the network case, others extend after some restrictions are imposed, and still others require modifications. In addition, it is noted that some requirements considered reasonable (user accounting reports, for example) demand further study before they can be efficiently implemented on a network of the sort described.

Analysis of orbital T cells in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

PubMed Central

Förster, G; Otto, E; Hansen, C; Ochs, K; Kahaly, G

1998-01-01

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) has a major effect on the two compartments of the retro-orbital (RO) space, leading to enlargement of the extraocular muscles and other RO tissues. T lymphocyte infiltration of RO tissue is a characteristic feature of TAO and there is current interest in whether these T cells are specifically and selectively reactive to RO tissue itself. We recently established 18 T cell lines (TCL) from RO adipose/connective tissue of six patients with severe TAO by using IL-2, anti-CD3 antibodies and irradiated autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to maintain the growth of T cells reactive to autologous RO tissue protein fractions. Here we report on the phenotype characteristics and cytokine gene expression profiles of these orbital TCL and on their immunoreactivity to the organ-specific thyroid antigens thyrotropin receptor (TSH-R), thyroidal peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (TG). Flow cytometry revealed that 10 TCL were predominantly of CD4+ phenotype, three being mostly CD8+ and five neither CD4+ nor CD8+. Analysis with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of cytokine gene expression revealed both Th1- and Th2-like products in all TCL: IL-2 product (in 17 TCL), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (n = 10), tumour necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β) (n = 15), IL-4 (n = 12), IL-5 (n = 17), IL-6 (n = 13), TNF-α (n = 12) and IL-10 (n = 4). Reactivity to thyroid antigens was observed only in two TCL, the other 16 being uniformly unreactive. Although 10 out of 18 RO tissue-reactive TCL were predominantly CD4+ there were no significant relationships between TCL phenotype, cytokine gene profile, magnitude of reactivity to RO tissue protein or the (rare) occurrence of thyroid reactivity. The findings of both Th1- and Th2-like cytokine gene expression in all RO tissue-reactive TCL support the concept that TAO is a tissue-specific autoimmune disease, distinct immunologically from the thyroid, and involving both T cell and B cell autoimmune mechanisms in disease pathogenesis. PMID:9649211

OpenSeesPy: Python library for the OpenSees finite element framework

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Minjie; McKenna, Frank; Scott, Michael H.

2018-01-01

OpenSees, an open source finite element software framework, has been used broadly in the earthquake engineering community for simulating the seismic response of structural and geotechnical systems. The framework allows users to perform finite element analysis with a scripting language and for developers to create both serial and parallel finite element computer applications as interpreters. For the last 15 years, Tcl has been the primary scripting language to which the model building and analysis modules of OpenSees are linked. To provide users with different scripting language options, particularly Python, the OpenSees interpreter interface was refactored to provide multi-interpreter capabilities. This refactoring, resulting in the creation of OpenSeesPy as a Python module, is accomplished through an abstract interface for interpreter calls with concrete implementations for different scripting languages. Through this approach, users are able to develop applications that utilize the unique features of several scripting languages while taking advantage of advanced finite element analysis models and algorithms.

The effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction in teaching nursing students about congenital heart disease.

PubMed

Rouse, D P

2000-01-01

This study compared the effectiveness of three instructional intervention strategies for teaching nursing students about congenital heart disease (CHD). They are: (1) computer-assisted instruction (CAI), (2) traditional class room lecture (TCL); and (3) the combination of CAI and TCL. The subjects were associate degree nursing (ADN) students enrolled in a pediatric nursing course at the University of Cincinnati Raymond Walters College. Differences between pre- and post-scores on a 20-item multiple choice test were analyzed by analysis of variance. There was a significant improvement in scores for all groups but no significant difference in improvement in scores between the CAI group and the TCL group. The CAI/TCL group showed significant improvement in scores compared with the other two groups. The researcher concluded that when teaching strategies are comparable, CAI is as effective as TCL. Used together, a significant improvement is seen in student performance than when either strategy is used alone.

Graphene transparent electrode for enhanced optical power and thermal stability in GaN light-emitting diodes.

PubMed

Youn, Doo-Hyeb; Yu, Young-Jun; Choi, Hongkyw; Kim, Suck-Hwan; Choi, Sung-Yool; Choi, Choon-Gi

2013-02-22

We report an improvement of the optical power and thermal stability of GaN LEDs using a chemically doped graphene transparent conducting layer (TCL) and a low-resistance contact structure. In order to obtain low contact resistance between the TCL and p-GaN surface, a patterned graphene TCL with Cr/Au electrodes is suggested. A bi-layer patterning method of a graphene TCL was utilized to prevent the graphene from peeling off the p-GaN surface. To improve the work function and the sheet resistance of graphene, CVD (chemical vapor deposition) graphene was doped by a chemical treatment using a HNO(3) solution. The effect of the contact resistance on the power degradation of LEDs at a high injection current level was investigated. In addition, the enhancement of the optical power via an increase in the current spreading and a decrease in the potential barrier of the graphene TCL was investigated.

Graphene transparent electrode for enhanced optical power and thermal stability in GaN light-emitting diodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Youn, Doo-Hyeb; Yu, Young-Jun; Choi, HongKyw; Kim, Suck-Hwan; Choi, Sung-Yool; Choi, Choon-Gi

2013-02-01

We report an improvement of the optical power and thermal stability of GaN LEDs using a chemically doped graphene transparent conducting layer (TCL) and a low-resistance contact structure. In order to obtain low contact resistance between the TCL and p-GaN surface, a patterned graphene TCL with Cr/Au electrodes is suggested. A bi-layer patterning method of a graphene TCL was utilized to prevent the graphene from peeling off the p-GaN surface. To improve the work function and the sheet resistance of graphene, CVD (chemical vapor deposition) graphene was doped by a chemical treatment using a HNO3 solution. The effect of the contact resistance on the power degradation of LEDs at a high injection current level was investigated. In addition, the enhancement of the optical power via an increase in the current spreading and a decrease in the potential barrier of the graphene TCL was investigated.

A natural command language for C/3/I applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mergler, J. P.

1980-03-01

The article discusses the development of a natural command language and a control and analysis console designed to simplify the task of the operator in field of Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence. The console is based on a DEC LSI-11 microcomputer, supported by 16-K words of memory and a serial interface component. Discussion covers the language, which utilizes English and a natural syntax, and how it is integrated with the hardware. It is concluded that results have demonstrated the effectiveness of this natural command language.

The use of Tcl and Tk to improve design and code reutilization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rodriguez, Lisbet; Reinholtz, Kirk

1995-01-01

Tcl and Tk facilitate design and code reuse in the ZIPSIM series of high-performance, high-fidelity spacecraft simulators. Tcl and Tk provide a framework for the construction of the Graphical User Interfaces for the simulators. The interfaces are architected such that a large proportion of the design and code is used for several applications, which has reduced design time and life-cycle costs.

Linear and nonlinear spectroscopy from quantum master equations.

PubMed

Fetherolf, Jonathan H; Berkelbach, Timothy C

2017-12-28

We investigate the accuracy of the second-order time-convolutionless (TCL2) quantum master equation for the calculation of linear and nonlinear spectroscopies of multichromophore systems. We show that even for systems with non-adiabatic coupling, the TCL2 master equation predicts linear absorption spectra that are accurate over an extremely broad range of parameters and well beyond what would be expected based on the perturbative nature of the approach; non-equilibrium population dynamics calculated with TCL2 for identical parameters are significantly less accurate. For third-order (two-dimensional) spectroscopy, the importance of population dynamics and the violation of the so-called quantum regression theorem degrade the accuracy of TCL2 dynamics. To correct these failures, we combine the TCL2 approach with a classical ensemble sampling of slow microscopic bath degrees of freedom, leading to an efficient hybrid quantum-classical scheme that displays excellent accuracy over a wide range of parameters. In the spectroscopic setting, the success of such a hybrid scheme can be understood through its separate treatment of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening. Importantly, the presented approach has the computational scaling of TCL2, with the modest addition of an embarrassingly parallel prefactor associated with ensemble sampling. The presented approach can be understood as a generalized inhomogeneous cumulant expansion technique, capable of treating multilevel systems with non-adiabatic dynamics.

Linear and nonlinear spectroscopy from quantum master equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fetherolf, Jonathan H.; Berkelbach, Timothy C.

2017-12-01

We investigate the accuracy of the second-order time-convolutionless (TCL2) quantum master equation for the calculation of linear and nonlinear spectroscopies of multichromophore systems. We show that even for systems with non-adiabatic coupling, the TCL2 master equation predicts linear absorption spectra that are accurate over an extremely broad range of parameters and well beyond what would be expected based on the perturbative nature of the approach; non-equilibrium population dynamics calculated with TCL2 for identical parameters are significantly less accurate. For third-order (two-dimensional) spectroscopy, the importance of population dynamics and the violation of the so-called quantum regression theorem degrade the accuracy of TCL2 dynamics. To correct these failures, we combine the TCL2 approach with a classical ensemble sampling of slow microscopic bath degrees of freedom, leading to an efficient hybrid quantum-classical scheme that displays excellent accuracy over a wide range of parameters. In the spectroscopic setting, the success of such a hybrid scheme can be understood through its separate treatment of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening. Importantly, the presented approach has the computational scaling of TCL2, with the modest addition of an embarrassingly parallel prefactor associated with ensemble sampling. The presented approach can be understood as a generalized inhomogeneous cumulant expansion technique, capable of treating multilevel systems with non-adiabatic dynamics.

Comparative oncology DNA sequencing of canine T cell lymphoma via human hotspot panel

PubMed Central

Beheshti, Afshin; Pilichowska, Monika; Burgess, Kristine; Ricks-Santi, Luisel; McNiel, Elizabeth; London, Cheryl B.; Ravi, Dashnamoorthy; Evens, Andrew M.

2018-01-01

T-cell lymphoma (TCL) is an uncommon and aggressive form of human cancer. Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic tumor in canines (companion animals), with TCL representing approximately 30% of diagnoses. Collectively, the canine is an appealing model for cancer research given the spontaneous occurrence of cancer, intact immune system, and phytogenetic proximity to humans. We sought to establish mutational congruence of the canine with known human TCL mutations in order to identify potential actionable oncogenic pathways. Following pathologic confirmation, DNA was sequenced in 16 canine TCL (cTCL) cases using a custom Human Cancer Hotspot Panel of 68 genes commonly mutated in human TCL. Sequencing identified 4,527,638 total reads with average length of 229 bases containing 346 unique variants and 1,474 total variants; each sample had an average of 92 variants. Among these, there were 258 germline and 32 somatic variants. Among the 32 somatic variants there were 8 missense variants, 1 splice junction variant and the remaining were intron or synonymous variants. A frequency of 4 somatic mutations per sample were noted with >7 mutations detected in MET, KDR, STK11 and BRAF. Expression of these associated proteins were also detected via Western blot analyses. In addition, Sanger sequencing confirmed three variants of high quality (MYC, MET, and TP53 missense mutation). Taken together, the mutational spectrum and protein analyses showed mutations in signaling pathways similar to human TCL and also identified novel mutations that may serve as drug targets as well as potential biomarkers. PMID:29854308

Gromita: a fully integrated graphical user interface to gromacs 4.

PubMed

Sellis, Diamantis; Vlachakis, Dimitrios; Vlassi, Metaxia

2009-09-07

Gromita is a fully integrated and efficient graphical user interface (GUI) to the recently updated molecular dynamics suite Gromacs, version 4. Gromita is a cross-platform, perl/tcl-tk based, interactive front end designed to break the command line barrier and introduce a new user-friendly environment to run molecular dynamics simulations through Gromacs. Our GUI features a novel workflow interface that guides the user through each logical step of the molecular dynamics setup process, making it accessible to both advanced and novice users. This tool provides a seamless interface to the Gromacs package, while providing enhanced functionality by speeding up and simplifying the task of setting up molecular dynamics simulations of biological systems. Gromita can be freely downloaded from http://bio.demokritos.gr/gromita/.

FastScript3D - A Companion to Java 3D

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Koenig, Patti

2005-01-01

FastScript3D is a computer program, written in the Java 3D(TM) programming language, that establishes an alternative language that helps users who lack expertise in Java 3D to use Java 3D for constructing three-dimensional (3D)-appearing graphics. The FastScript3D language provides a set of simple, intuitive, one-line text-string commands for creating, controlling, and animating 3D models. The first word in a string is the name of a command; the rest of the string contains the data arguments for the command. The commands can also be used as an aid to learning Java 3D. Developers can extend the language by adding custom text-string commands. The commands can define new 3D objects or load representations of 3D objects from files in formats compatible with such other software systems as X3D. The text strings can be easily integrated into other languages. FastScript3D facilitates communication between scripting languages [which enable programming of hyper-text markup language (HTML) documents to interact with users] and Java 3D. The FastScript3D language can be extended and customized on both the scripting side and the Java 3D side.

Natural language interface for command and control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shuler, Robert L., Jr.

1986-01-01

A working prototype of a flexible 'natural language' interface for command and control situations is presented. This prototype is analyzed from two standpoints. First is the role of natural language for command and control, its realistic requirements, and how well the role can be filled with current practical technology. Second, technical concepts for implementation are discussed and illustrated by their application in the prototype system. It is also shown how adaptive or 'learning' features can greatly ease the task of encoding language knowledge in the language processor.

UTM TCL 2.0 Software Version Description (SVD) Document

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcguirk, Patrick

2017-01-01

This is the Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) Technical Capability Level(TCL) 2.0 Software Version Description (SVD) document. This UTM TCL 2.0 SVD describes the following four topics: 1. Software Release Contents: A listing of the files comprising this release 2. Installation Instructions: How to install the release and get it running 3. Changes Since Previous Release: General updates since the previous UTM release 4. Known Issues: Known issues and limitations in this release

Secretory IgM Exacerbates Tumor Progression by Inducing Accumulations of MDSCs in Mice.

PubMed

Tang, Chih-Hang Anthony; Chang, Shiun; Hashimoto, Ayumi; Chen, Yi-Ju; Kang, Chang Won; Mato, Anthony R; Del Valle, Juan R; Gabrilovich, Dmitry I; Hu, Chih-Chi Andrew

2018-06-01

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells can secrete immunoglobulin M. However, it is not clear whether secretory IgM (sIgM) plays a role in disease progression. We crossed the Eμ-TCL1 mouse model of CLL, in which the expression of human TCL1 oncogene was driven by the V(H) promoter-Ig(H)-Eμ enhancer, with MD4 mice whose B cells produced B-cell receptor (membrane-bound IgM) and sIgM with specificity for hen egg lysozyme (HEL). CLL cells that developed in these MD4/Eμ-TCL1 mice reactivated a parental Ig gene allele and secreted IgM, and did not recognize HEL. The MD4/Eμ-TCL1 mice had reduced survival, increased myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and decreased numbers of T cells. We tested whether sIgM could contribute to the accumulation of MDSCs by crossing μS -/- mice, which could not produce sIgM, with Eμ-TCL1 mice. The μS -/- /Eμ-TCL1 mice survived longer than Eμ-TCL1 mice and developed decreased numbers of MDSCs which were less able to suppress proliferation of T cells. We targeted the synthesis of sIgM by deleting the function of XBP-1s and showed that targeting XBP-1s genetically or pharmacologically could lead to decreased sIgM, accompanied by decreased numbers and reduced functions of MDSCs in MD4/Eμ-TCL1 mice. Additionally, MDSCs from μS -/- mice grafted with Lewis lung carcinoma were inefficient suppressors of T cells, resulting in slower tumor growth. These results demonstrate that sIgM produced by B cells can upregulate the functions of MDSCs in tumor-bearing mice to aggravate cancer progression. In a mouse model of CLL, production of secretory IgM led to more MDSCs, fewer T cells, and shorter survival times for the mice. Thus, secretory IgM may aggravate the progression of this cancer. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(6); 696-710. ©2018 AACR . ©2018 American Association for Cancer Research.

The Next Generation of Ground Operations Command and Control; Scripting in C Sharp and Visual Basic

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ritter, George; Pedoto, Ramon

2010-01-01

This slide presentation reviews the use of scripting languages in Ground Operations Command and Control. It describes the use of scripting languages in a historical context, the advantages and disadvantages of scripts. It describes the Enhanced and Redesigned Scripting (ERS) language, that was designed to combine the features of a scripting language and the graphical and IDE richness of a programming language with the utility of scripting languages. ERS uses the Microsoft Visual Studio programming environment and offers custom controls that enable an ERS developer to extend the Visual Basic and C sharp language interface with the Payload Operations Integration Center (POIC) telemetry and command system.

GSFC Systems Test and Operation Language (STOL) functional requirements and language description

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Desjardins, R.; Hall, G.; Mcguire, J.; Merwarth, P.; Mocarsky, W.; Truszkowski, W.; Villasenor, A.; Brosi, F.; Burch, P.; Carey, D.

1978-01-01

The Systems Tests and Operation Language (STOL) provides the means for user communication with payloads, applications programs, and other ground system elements. It is a systems operation language that enables an operator or user to communicate a command to a computer system. The system interprets each high level language directive from the user and performs the indicated action, such as executing a program, printing out a snapshot, or sending a payload command. This document presents the following: (1) required language features and implementation considerations; (2) basic capabilities; (3) telemetry, command, and input/output directives; (4) procedure definition and control; (5) listing, extension, and STOL nucleus capabilities.

69. Credit TCL. Housing of Pelton exciter impulse wheel and ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

69. Credit TCL. Housing of Pelton exciter impulse wheel and attached General Electric 60 kW exciter generator. - Battle Creek Hydroelectric System, Battle Creek & Tributaries, Red Bluff, Tehama County, CA

Clinicopathological analysis of 598 malignant lymphomas in Taiwan: seven-year experience in a single institution.

PubMed

Lee, Ming-Yuan; Tan, Tran-Der; Feng, An-Chen; Liu, Mei-Ching

2006-08-01

The clinicopathological characteristics of malignant lymphomas vary according to geography. The purpose of this study is to determine the distribution and clinicopathological characteristics of malignant lymphomas in Taiwan. Archival tissue from 598 malignant lymphomas during the period of 1995-2002 was retrieved. They were reclassified according to the World Health Organization classification system. Clinical data, including age, gender, clinical staging, and follow-up, were scrutinized. There were 330 males and 268 females. The median age at onset of disease was 56 years for B-cell lymphoma (BCL), 50 years for T/NK-cell lymphoma (TCL), and 26 years for Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). BCL accounted for 80.6%, TCL for 12.4%, and HL for 7%. The major subtypes of non-HL were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, plasma cell myeloma, marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type, mantle cell lymphoma, unspecified peripheral TCL, and nasal type T/NK-cell lymphoma. Nodular sclerosing subtype was the most common in HL. The frequencies of TCL and HL were relatively low. For histological subtype, enteropathy-type TCL and primary bone marrow HL had higher frequency and poorer prognosis. The 5-year overall survival of BCL, TCL, and HL was 58.9, 34.7, and 83.5%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest series study of malignant lymphoma in Taiwan. Immunophenotype, histological subtype, and clinical stage play significant roles in prognosis (P < 0.05).

Exact calculation of the time convolutionless master equation generator: Application to the nonequilibrium resonant level model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kidon, Lyran; Wilner, Eli Y.; Rabani, Eran

2015-12-01

The generalized quantum master equation provides a powerful tool to describe the dynamics in quantum impurity models driven away from equilibrium. Two complementary approaches, one based on Nakajima-Zwanzig-Mori time-convolution (TC) and the other on the Tokuyama-Mori time-convolutionless (TCL) formulations provide a starting point to describe the time-evolution of the reduced density matrix. A key in both approaches is to obtain the so called "memory kernel" or "generator," going beyond second or fourth order perturbation techniques. While numerically converged techniques are available for the TC memory kernel, the canonical approach to obtain the TCL generator is based on inverting a super-operator in the full Hilbert space, which is difficult to perform and thus, nearly all applications of the TCL approach rely on a perturbative scheme of some sort. Here, the TCL generator is expressed using a reduced system propagator which can be obtained from system observables alone and requires the calculation of super-operators and their inverse in the reduced Hilbert space rather than the full one. This makes the formulation amenable to quantum impurity solvers or to diagrammatic techniques, such as the nonequilibrium Green's function. We implement the TCL approach for the resonant level model driven away from equilibrium and compare the time scales for the decay of the generator with that of the memory kernel in the TC approach. Furthermore, the effects of temperature, source-drain bias, and gate potential on the TCL/TC generators are discussed.

The Next Generation of Ground Operations Command and Control; Scripting in C no. and Visual Basic

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ritter, George; Pedoto, Ramon

2010-01-01

Scripting languages have become a common method for implementing command and control solutions in space ground operations. The Systems Test and Operations Language (STOL), the Huntsville Operations Support Center (HOSC) Scripting Language Processor (SLP), and the Spacecraft Control Language (SCL) offer script-commands that wrap tedious operations tasks into single calls. Since script-commands are interpreted, they also offer a certain amount of hands-on control that is highly valued in space ground operations. Although compiled programs seem to be unsuited for interactive user control and are more complex to develop, Marshall Space flight Center (MSFC) has developed a product called the Enhanced and Redesign Scripting (ERS) that makes use of the graphical and logical richness of a programming language while offering the hands-on and ease of control of a scripting language. ERS is currently used by the International Space Station (ISS) Payload Operations Integration Center (POIC) Cadre team members. ERS integrates spacecraft command mnemonics, telemetry measurements, and command and telemetry control procedures into a standard programming language, while making use of Microsoft's Visual Studio for developing Visual Basic (VB) or C# ground operations procedures. ERS also allows for script-style user control during procedure execution using a robust graphical user input and output feature. The availability of VB and C# programmers, and the richness of the languages and their development environment, has allowed ERS to lower our "script" development time and maintenance costs at the Marshall POIC.

Exact calculation of the time convolutionless master equation generator: Application to the nonequilibrium resonant level model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kidon, Lyran; The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978; Wilner, Eli Y.

2015-12-21

The generalized quantum master equation provides a powerful tool to describe the dynamics in quantum impurity models driven away from equilibrium. Two complementary approaches, one based on Nakajima–Zwanzig–Mori time-convolution (TC) and the other on the Tokuyama–Mori time-convolutionless (TCL) formulations provide a starting point to describe the time-evolution of the reduced density matrix. A key in both approaches is to obtain the so called “memory kernel” or “generator,” going beyond second or fourth order perturbation techniques. While numerically converged techniques are available for the TC memory kernel, the canonical approach to obtain the TCL generator is based on inverting a super-operatormore » in the full Hilbert space, which is difficult to perform and thus, nearly all applications of the TCL approach rely on a perturbative scheme of some sort. Here, the TCL generator is expressed using a reduced system propagator which can be obtained from system observables alone and requires the calculation of super-operators and their inverse in the reduced Hilbert space rather than the full one. This makes the formulation amenable to quantum impurity solvers or to diagrammatic techniques, such as the nonequilibrium Green’s function. We implement the TCL approach for the resonant level model driven away from equilibrium and compare the time scales for the decay of the generator with that of the memory kernel in the TC approach. Furthermore, the effects of temperature, source-drain bias, and gate potential on the TCL/TC generators are discussed.« less

Command History. United States Military Assistance Command, Vietnam 1965. Sanitized

DTIC Science & Technology

1965-01-01

support elements within the ARM battalion 4 ese methods of encadrement were studied in relation to language , security, support, mutual US/ARYN acceptance...problema, and conditions and capabilities within ARYN units, Problew comn to all three methods were the language barrier, increased ewosure of US...DECCU•(ACV took the position that US assmption of command was neither feasible nor desirable, vwng to the language barrier as won as the probable non

Automating Visualization Service Generation with the WATT Compiler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bollig, E. F.; Lyness, M. D.; Erlebacher, G.; Yuen, D. A.

2007-12-01

As tasks and workflows become increasingly complex, software developers are devoting increasing attention to automation tools. Among many examples, the Automator tool from Apple collects components of a workflow into a single script, with very little effort on the part of the user. Tasks are most often described as a series of instructions. The granularity of the tasks dictates the tools to use. Compilers translate fine-grained instructions to assembler code, while scripting languages (ruby, perl) are used to describe a series of tasks at a higher level. Compilers can also be viewed as transformational tools: a cross-compiler can translate executable code written on one computer to assembler code understood on another, while transformational tools can translate from one high-level language to another. We are interested in creating visualization web services automatically, starting from stand-alone VTK (Visualization Toolkit) code written in Tcl. To this end, using the OCaml programming language, we have developed a compiler that translates Tcl into C++, including all the stubs, classes and methods to interface with gSOAP, a C++ implementation of the Soap 1.1/1.2 protocols. This compiler, referred to as the Web Automation and Translation Toolkit (WATT), is the first step towards automated creation of specialized visualization web services without input from the user. The WATT compiler seeks to automate all aspects of web service generation, including the transport layer, the division of labor and the details related to interface generation. The WATT compiler is part of ongoing efforts within the NSF funded VLab consortium [1] to facilitate and automate time-consuming tasks for the science related to understanding planetary materials. Through examples of services produced by WATT for the VLab portal, we will illustrate features, limitations and the improvements necessary to achieve the ultimate goal of complete and transparent automation in the generation of web services. In particular, we will detail the generation of a charge density visualization service applicable to output from the quantum calculations of the VLab computation workflows, plus another service for mantle convection visualization. We also discuss WATT-LIVE [2], a web-based interface that allows users to interact with WATT. With WATT-LIVE users submit Tcl code, retrieve its C++ translation with various files and scripts necessary to locally install the tailor-made web service, or launch the service for a limited session on our test server. This work is supported by NSF through the ITR grant NSF-0426867. [1] Virtual Laboratory for Earth and Planetary Materials, http://vlab.msi.umn.edu, September 2007. [2] WATT-LIVE website, http://vlab2.scs.fsu.edu/watt-live, September 2007.

Comparison of the effects of omeprazole and rabeprazole on ticlopidine metabolism in vitro.

PubMed

Kinoshita, Yuichi; Matsumoto, Naoki; Watanabe, Minoru; Takeba, Yuko; Yoshida, Yutoku; Ohba, Keiichiro; Suzuki, Satoshi; Itoh, Fumio; Kumai, Toshio; Kobayashi, Shinichi

2011-01-01

The thienopyridine derivative ticlopidine (TCL) is an inhibitor of adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation. Combination therapy with a thienopyridine derivative and aspirin is standard after coronary stenting, although more hemorrhagic complications occur with the combination therapy than with aspirin alone. A proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is required for prevention or treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in such cases. We examined the effects of PPIs [omeprazole (OPZ) and rabeprazole (RPZ)] on TCL metabolism using pooled human liver microsomes prepared from various human liver blocks and 12 individual human liver microsomes. We calculated the K(i) values of each PPI for TCL metabolic activity and compared the inhibitory effect of each PPI on TCL metabolism. The K(i) values of OPZ and RPZ were 1.4 and 12.7 µM, respectively. The inhibitory effect of OPZ (78.6 ± 0.05%) was significantly greater than that of RPZ (24.2 ± 0.05%) (P < 0.001). Interestingly, a negative correlation existed between the inhibitory effect of OPZ and CYP2C19 activity (r = -0.909, P < 0.001). These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of OPZ is more potent than that of RPZ in vitro. In conclusion, RPZ appears preferable when administering TCL, aspirin, and a PPI in combination.

Lightweight computational steering of very large scale molecular dynamics simulations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Beazley, D.M.; Lomdahl, P.S.

1996-09-01

We present a computational steering approach for controlling, analyzing, and visualizing very large scale molecular dynamics simulations involving tens to hundreds of millions of atoms. Our approach relies on extensible scripting languages and an easy to use tool for building extensions and modules. The system is extremely easy to modify, works with existing C code, is memory efficient, and can be used from inexpensive workstations and networks. We demonstrate how we have used this system to manipulate data from production MD simulations involving as many as 104 million atoms running on the CM-5 and Cray T3D. We also show howmore » this approach can be used to build systems that integrate common scripting languages (including Tcl/Tk, Perl, and Python), simulation code, user extensions, and commercial data analysis packages.« less

NTL8 Regulates Trichome Formation in Arabidopsis by Directly Activating R3 MYB Genes TRY and TCL11[OPEN

PubMed Central

Tian, Hainan; Wang, Xianling; Guo, Hongyan; Cheng, Yuxin; Hou, Chunjiang

2017-01-01

The NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC (NAC) are plant-specific transcription factors that regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and development and plant response to environmental stimuli. We report here the identification of NTM1-LIKE8 (NTL8), a membrane-associated NAC transcription factor, as a novel regulator of trichome formation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). From an activation-tagged Arabidopsis population, we identified a dominant, gain-of-function mutant with glabrous inflorescence stem. By using plasmid rescue and RT-PCR analyses, we found that NTL8 was tagged; thus, the mutant was named ntl8-1 Dominant (ntl8-1D). Recapitulation experiment further confirmed that the phenotype observed in the ntl8-1D mutant was caused by elevated expression of NTL8. Quantitative RT-PCR results showed that the expression level of the single-repeat R3 MYB genes TRIPTYCHON (TRY) and TRICHOMELESS1 (TCL1) was elevated in the ntl8-1D mutant. Genetic analyses demonstrated that NTL8 acts upstream of TRY and TCL1 in the regulation of trichome formation. When recruited to the promoter region of the reporter gene Gal4:GUS by a fused GAL4 DNA-binding domain, NTL8 activated the expression of the reporter gene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation results indicated that TRY and TCL1 are direct targets of NTL8. However, NTL8 did not interact with SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN LIKE9, another transcription factor that regulates the expression of TRY and TCL1, in yeast and plant cells. Taken together, our results suggest that NTL8 negatively regulates trichome formation in Arabidopsis by directly activating the expression of TRY and TCL1. PMID:28649093

PILOT: A Programming Language for Beginners.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schnorr, Janice M.

The presentation describes PILOT (Programmed Inquiry, Learning or Teaching), a special programing language easy for beginners to learn and available for several brands of microcomputers. PILOT is explained to contain substantially fewer commands than most other languages and to be written in an easy to understand manner. Edit commands and their…

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES: A Ga-doped ZnO transparent conduct layer for GaN-based LEDs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhen, Liu; Xiaofeng, Wang; Hua, Yang; Yao, Duan; Yiping, Zeng

2010-09-01

An 8 μm thick Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) film grown by metal-source vapor phase epitaxy was deposited on a GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) to substitute for the conventional ITO as a transparent conduct layer (TCL). Electroluminescence spectra exhibited that the intensity value of LED emission with a GZO TCL is markedly improved by 23.6% as compared to an LED with an ITO TCL at 20 mA. In addition, the forward voltage of the LED with a GZO TCL at 20 mA is higher than that of the conventional LED. To investigate the reason for the increase of the forward voltage, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was performed to analyze the interface properties of the GZO/p-GaN heterojunction. The large valence band offset (2:24 ± 0:21 eV) resulting from the formation of Ga2O3 in the GZO/p-GaN interface was attributed to the increase of the forward voltage.

Semantic definitions of space flight control center languages using the hierarchical graph technique

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zaghloul, M. E.; Truszkowski, W.

1981-01-01

In this paper a method is described by which the semantic definitions of the Goddard Space Flight Control Center Command Languages can be specified. The semantic modeling facility used is an extension of the hierarchical graph technique, which has a major benefit of supporting a variety of data structures and a variety of control structures. It is particularly suited for the semantic descriptions of such types of languages where the detailed separation between the underlying operating system and the command language system is system dependent. These definitions were used in the definition of the Systems Test and Operation Language (STOL) of the Goddard Space Flight Center which is a command language that provides means for the user to communicate with payloads, application programs, and other ground system elements.

United States European Command

Science.gov Websites

content on the U.S. European Command website may be translated by selecting a different language on the header. Except where otherwise noted, the language translation is performed by Google Translate, a third

Mucoadhesion vs mucus permeability of thiolated chitosan polymers and their resulting nanoparticles using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D).

PubMed

Oh, Sejin; Borrós, Salvador

2016-11-01

The aim of this present study was to evaluate the combination properties between mucoadhesion/mucus permeability of thiolated chitosans (TC) and their resulting nanoparticles using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). The QCM-D experiments were conducted at pH 4 or 6.8 to assess the interaction between thiolated polymers, with low (TCL), medium (TCM) and high (TCH) contents of free thiol groups, and native porcine gastric mucin (NPGM). TCL was chosen for further carriers as it showed higher permeability into the NPGM layer compared to TCM and TCH. In this study, we describe a formulation of a novel carrier comprised by positively charged TCL, negatively charged DNA and degradable oligopeptide-modified poly(β-amino ester)s (PBAEs), which were employed in order to approach for tuning particle size and surface charge of complexes. TCL/PBAE complexes with or without DNA were characterized using dynamic light scattering. Mechanism of adsorption or permeation of the TCL/PBAE/DNA complexes into the NPGM barrier was investigated with QCM-D, which is a highly sensitive technique for studying nanomechanical (viscoelastic) changes of the substrates. This work might provide that the QCM-D technique would be a promising method to monitor the dynamic behaviour between complexes and NPGM. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Plan recognition and generalization in command languages with application to telerobotics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yared, Wael I.; Sheridan, Thomas B.

1991-01-01

A method for pragmatic inference as a necessary accompaniment to command languages is proposed. The approach taken focuses on the modeling and recognition of the human operator's intent, which relates sequences of domain actions ('plans') to changes in some model of the task environment. The salient feature of this module is that it captures some of the physical and linguistic contextual aspects of an instruction. This provides a basis for generalization and reinterpretation of the instruction in different task environments. The theoretical development is founded on previous work in computational linguistics and some recent models in the theory of action and intention. To illustrate these ideas, an experimental command language to a telerobot is implemented. The program consists of three different components: a robot graphic simulation, the command language itself, and the domain-independent pragmatic inference module. Examples of task instruction processes are provided to demonstrate the benefits of this approach.

EGSE customization for the Euclid NISP Instrument AIV/AIT activities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Franceschi, E.; Trifoglio, M.; Gianotti, F.; Conforti, V.; Andersen, J. J.; Stephen, J. B.; Valenziano, L.; Auricchio, N.; Bulgarelli, A.; De Rosa, A.; Fioretti, V.; Maiorano, E.; Morgante, G.; Nicastro, L.; Sortino, F.; Zoli, A.; Balestra, A.; Bonino, D.; Bonoli, C.; Bortoletto, F.; Capobianco, V.; Corcione, L.; Dal Corso, F.; Debei, S.; Di Ferdinando, D.; Dusini, S.; Farinelli, R.; Fornari, F.; Giacomini, F.; Guizzo, G. P.; Laudisio, F.; Ligori, S.; Mauri, N.; Medinaceli, E.; Patrizii, L.; Sirignano, C.; Sirri, G.; Stanco, L.; Tenti, M.; Valieri, C.; Ventura, S.

2016-07-01

The Near Infrared Spectro-Photometer (NISP) on board the Euclid ESA mission will be developed and tested at various levels of integration by using various test equipment. The Electrical Ground Support Equipment (EGSE) shall be required to support the assembly, integration, verification and testing (AIV/AIT) and calibration activities at instrument level before delivery to ESA, and at satellite level, when the NISP instrument is mounted on the spacecraft. In the case of the Euclid mission this EGSE will be provided by ESA to NISP team, in the HW/SW framework called "CCS Lite", with a possible first usage already during the Warm Electronics (WE) AIV/AIT activities. In this paper we discuss how we will customize that "CCS Lite" as required to support both the WE and Instrument test activities. This customization will primarily involve building the NISP Mission Information Base (the CCS MIB tables) by gathering the relevant data from the instrument sub-units and validating these inputs through specific tools. Secondarily, it will imply developing a suitable set of test sequences, by using uTOPE (an extension to the TCL scripting language, included in the CCS framework), in order to implement the foreseen test procedures. In addition and in parallel, custom interfaces shall be set up between the CCS and the NI-IWS (the NISP Instrument Workstation, which will be in use at any level starting from the WE activities), and also between the CCS and the TCC (the Telescope Control and command Computer, to be only and specifically used during the instrument level tests).

The computational structural mechanics testbed architecture. Volume 1: The language

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Felippa, Carlos A.

1988-01-01

This is the first set of five volumes which describe the software architecture for the Computational Structural Mechanics Testbed. Derived from NICE, an integrated software system developed at Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory, the architecture is composed of the command language CLAMP, the command language interpreter CLIP, and the data manager GAL. Volumes 1, 2, and 3 (NASA CR's 178384, 178385, and 178386, respectively) describe CLAMP and CLIP, and the CLIP-processor interface. Volumes 4 and 5 (NASA CR's 178387 and 178388, respectively) describe GAL and its low-level I/O. CLAMP, an acronym for Command Language for Applied Mechanics Processors, is designed to control the flow of execution of processors written for NICE. Volume 1 presents the basic elements of the CLAMP language and is intended for all users.

Simple proteomics data analysis in the object-oriented PowerShell.

PubMed

Mohammed, Yassene; Palmblad, Magnus

2013-01-01

Scripting languages such as Perl and Python are appreciated for solving simple, everyday tasks in bioinformatics. A more recent, object-oriented command shell and scripting language, Windows PowerShell, has many attractive features: an object-oriented interactive command line, fluent navigation and manipulation of XML files, ability to consume Web services from the command line, consistent syntax and grammar, rich regular expressions, and advanced output formatting. The key difference between classical command shells and scripting languages, such as bash, and object-oriented ones, such as PowerShell, is that in the latter the result of a command is a structured object with inherited properties and methods rather than a simple stream of characters. Conveniently, PowerShell is included in all new releases of Microsoft Windows and therefore already installed on most computers in classrooms and teaching labs. In this chapter we demonstrate how PowerShell in particular allows easy interaction with mass spectrometry data in XML formats, connection to Web services for tools such as BLAST, and presentation of results as formatted text or graphics. These features make PowerShell much more than "yet another scripting language."

Adjustable impedance, force feedback and command language aids for telerobotics (parts 1-4 of an 8-part MIT progress report)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sheridan, Thomas B.; Raju, G. Jagganath; Buzan, Forrest T.; Yared, Wael; Park, Jong

1989-01-01

Projects recently completed or in progress at MIT Man-Machine Systems Laboratory are summarized. (1) A 2-part impedance network model of a single degree of freedom remote manipulation system is presented in which a human operator at the master port interacts with a task object at the slave port in a remote location is presented. (2) The extension of the predictor concept to include force feedback and dynamic modeling of the manipulator and the environment is addressed. (3) A system was constructed to infer intent from the operator's commands and the teleoperation context, and generalize this information to interpret future commands. (4) A command language system is being designed that is robust, easy to learn, and has more natural man-machine communication. A general telerobot problem selected as an important command language context is finding a collision-free path for a robot.

Different distribution of in-situ thin carbon layer in hollow cobalt sulfide nanocages and their application for supercapacitors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jin, Meng; Lu, Shi-Yu; Ma, Li; Gan, Meng-Yu; Lei, Yao; Zhang, Xiu-Ling; Fu, Gang; Yang, Pei-Shu; Yan, Mao-Fa

2017-02-01

Recently, cobalt sulfides emerge as a candidate for energy reserve and conversation. However, the problem of poor stability and low rate capability for cobalt sulfides restrict its practical application. Thin carbon layer (TCL) coated has been regarded as a promising constructing strategy for high performance supercapacitors, because TCL can promote the tremendous properties of bare materials. In this literature, we report a very interesting phenomenon that different distribution of in-situ carbon coated hollow CoS2 nanocages (external and both external and interior) can be synthesized only by adjusting sulfuration time, followed by calcination. Moreover, it is clearly observed that CoS2-C@TCL exhibits significant improvement for specific capacitance and good stability (better than CoS2@TCL and CoS2). These results compel us to design a series of experiments to figure out the reason and the more detailed mechanism is discussed in paper. More importantly, it will provide a new strategy for synthesis of special structure with in-situ carbon coated sulfide for energy conversion.

CD1d expression on chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells affects disease progression and induces T cell skewing in CD8 positive and CD4CD8 double negative T cells.

PubMed

Zaborsky, Nadja; Gassner, Franz Josef; Asslaber, Daniela; Reinthaler, Petra; Denk, Ursula; Flenady, Sabine; Hofbauer, Josefina Piñón; Danner, Barbara; Rebhandl, Stefan; Harrer, Andrea; Geisberger, Roland; Greil, Richard; Egle, Alexander

2016-08-02

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia develops within a complex network driven by genetic mutations and microenvironmental interactions. Among the latter a complex interplay with the immune system is established by the clone. Next to a proposed recruitment of support from T and myeloid cells, potential anti-CLL immune reactions need to be subverted. By using TCL1 mice as a CLL model, we show that TCR-Vβ7+ NK1.1+ T cells are overrepresented in this disease model and constitute a main subset of peripheral CD3+ cells with biased TCR usage, showing that these cells account for a major part for T cell skewing in TCL1 mice. Moreover, we show that overrepresentation is dependent on CD1d expression in TCL1 mice, implicating that these cells belong to a NKT-like cell fraction which are restricted to antigen presented by the MHC-like surface marker CD1d. Accordingly, we observed a high fraction of CD161+ cells within overrepresented T cells in CLL patients and we found downregulation of CD1d on the surface of CLL cells, both in TCL1 mice and patients. Finally, we show that in TCL1 mice, CD1d deficiency resulted in shortened overall survival. Our results point to an interaction between CLL and CD161+ T cells that may represent a novel therapeutic target for immune modulation.

Rho GTPases and Regulation of Cell Migration and Polarization in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells

PubMed Central

Hou, Aihua; Toh, Li Xian; Gan, Kah Hui; Lee, Khee Jin Ryan; Manser, Edward; Tong, Louis

2013-01-01

Purpose Epithelial cell migration is required for regeneration of tissues and can be defective in a number of ocular surface diseases. This study aimed to determine the expression pattern of Rho family small G-proteins in human corneal epithelial cells to test their requirement in directional cell migration. Methods Rho family small G-protein expression was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Dominant-inhibitory constructs encoding Rho proteins or Rho protein targeting small interfering RNA were transfected into human corneal epithelial large T antigen cells, and wound closure rate were evaluated by scratch wounding assay, and a complementary non-traumatic cell migration assay. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to study cell polarization and to assess Cdc42 downstream effector. Results Cdc42, Chp, Rac1, RhoA, TC10 and TCL were expressed in human corneal epithelial cells. Among them, Cdc42 and TCL were found to significantly affect cell migration in monolayer scratch assays. These results were confirmed through the use of validated siRNAs directed to Cdc42 and TCL. Scramble siRNA transfected cells had high percentage of polarized cells than Cdc42 or TCL siRNA transfected cells at the wound edge. We showed that the Cdc42-specific effector p21-activated kinase 4 localized predominantly to cell-cell junctions in cell monolayers, but failed to translocate to the leading edge in Cdc42 siRNA transfected cells after monolayer wounding. Conclusion Rho proteins expressed in cultured human corneal epithelial cells, and Cdc42, TCL facilitate two-dimensional cell migration in-vitro. Although silencing of Cdc42 and TCL did not noticeably affect the appearance of cell adhesions at the leading edge, the slower migration of these cells indicates both GTP-binding proteins play important roles in promoting cell movement of human corneal epithelial cells. PMID:24130842

Construction of a General Purpose Command Language for Use in Computer Dialog.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-01

Page 1 Skeletal Command Action File...............35 2 Sample from Cyber Action File.................36 3 Program MONITOR Structure Chart...return indicates subroutine call and no return Fig 3. Program MONITOR Structure Chart 48 IV. Validation The general purpose command language was...executive control of these functions, in C addition to its role as interpreter. C C The structure , concept, design, and implementation of program C

Process-oriented Approach to Designing Immersion Assessments

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-02-01

Command (USSOCOM) Command Language Program Manager (CLPM) Advanced Competencies Course in a presentation titled, The Language Needs Assessment Process and...Techniques can be very similar • Physical v. psychological fidelity • Johns (2006) Discrete Context—task, social and physical • 4Ps : Purpose

Triclosan and bisphenol a affect decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells.

PubMed

Forte, Maurizio; Mita, Luigi; Cobellis, Luigi; Merafina, Verdiana; Specchio, Raffaella; Rossi, Sergio; Mita, Damiano Gustavo; Mosca, Lavinia; Castaldi, Maria Antonietta; De Falco, Maria; Laforgia, Vincenza; Crispi, Stefania

2016-02-15

In recent years, impaired fertility and endometrium related diseases are increased. Many evidences suggest that environmental pollution might be considered a risk factor for endometrial physiopathology. Among environmental pollutants, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) act on endocrine system, causing hormonal imbalance which, in turn, leads to female and male reproductive dysfunctions. In this work, we studied the effects of triclosan (TCL) and bisphenol A (BPA), two widespread EDCs, on human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), derived from endometrial biopsies from woman not affected by endometriosis. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration and decidualization mechanisms were investigated. Treatments have been performed with both the EDCs separately or in presence and in absence of progesterone used as decidualization stimulus. Both TCL and BPA did not affect cell proliferation, but they arrested ESCs at G2/M phase of cell cycle enhancing cell migration. TCL and BPA also increased gene expression and protein levels of some decidualization markers, such as insulin growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) and prolactin (PRL), amplifying the effect of progesterone alone. All together, our data strongly suggest that TCL and BPA might alter human endometrium physiology so affecting fertility and pregnancy outcome. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

An Idealized, Single Radial Swirler, Lean-Direct-Injection (LDI) Concept Meshing Script

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Iannetti, Anthony C.; Thompson, Daniel

2008-01-01

To easily study combustor design parameters using computational fluid dynamics codes (CFD), a Gridgen Glyph-based macro (based on the Tcl scripting language) dubbed BladeMaker has been developed for the meshing of an idealized, single radial swirler, lean-direct-injection (LDI) combustor. BladeMaker is capable of taking in a number of parameters, such as blade width, blade tilt with respect to the perpendicular, swirler cup radius, and grid densities, and producing a three-dimensional meshed radial swirler with a can-annular (canned) combustor. This complex script produces a data format suitable for but not specific to the National Combustion Code (NCC), a state-of-the-art CFD code developed for reacting flow processes.

Efficacy of Toric Contact Lenses in Fitting and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Contact Lens Wearers.

PubMed

Cox, Stephanie M; Berntsen, David A; Bickle, Katherine M; Mathew, Jessica H; Powell, Daniel R; Little, B Kim; Lorenz, Kathrine Osborn; Nichols, Jason J

2018-06-05

To assess whether patient-reported measures are improved with soft toric contact lenses (TCLs) compared with soft spherical contact lenses (SCLs) and whether clinical time needed to fit TCL is greater than SCL. Habitual contact lens wearers with vertexed spherical refraction +4.00 to +0.25 D or -0.50 to -9.00 D and cylinder -0.75 to -1.75 DC were randomly assigned to be binocularly fitted into a TCL or SCL, and masked to treatment assignment. Time to successful fit was recorded. After 5 days, the National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality of Life Instrument (NEI-RQL-42) and modified Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) were completed. After washout, subjects were fit into the alternative lens design (TCL or SCL). Outcomes were evaluated using linear mixed models for the time to fit and CISS score, generalized linear model for the successful fit, and Wilcoxon tests for the NEI-RQL-42. Sixty subjects (71.7% women, mean age [±SD] = 27.5±5.0 years) completed the study. The mean time to fit the TCL was 10.2±4.3 and 9.0±6.5 min for the SCL (least square [LS] mean difference (TCL-SCL)=1.2, P=0.22). Toric contact lens scored better than SCL in global NEI-RQL-42 score (P=0.006) and the clarity of vision (P=0.006) and satisfaction with correction subscales (P=0.006). CISS showed a 15% reduction in symptoms (LS mean difference [TCL-SCL]=-2.20, P=0.02). TCLs are a good option when trying to improve the vision of patients with low-to-moderate astigmatism given the subjective improvements in outcomes.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

Chromium Exposure and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in High Cardiovascular Risk Subjects　- Nested Case-Control Study in the Prevention With Mediterranean Diet (PREDIMED) Study.

PubMed

Gutiérrez-Bedmar, Mario; Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel; Muñoz-Bravo, Carlos; Ruiz-Canela, Miguel; Mariscal, Alberto; Salas-Salvadó, Jordi; Estruch, Ramón; Corella, Dolores; Arós, Fernando; Fito, Monserrat; Lapetra, José; Serra-Majem, Lluís; Pintó, Xavier; Alonso-Gómez, Ángel; Portoles, Olga; Fiol, Miquel; Bulló, Mónica; Castañer, Olga; Ros, Emilio; Gómez-Gracia, Enrique

2017-07-25

Epidemiological data on chromium (Cr) exposure and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are still limited. Toenail Cr level (TCL) provides a time-integrated measure reflecting long-term Cr exposure. We measured TCL to assess the hypothesis that long-term Cr exposure was inversely associated with incident CVD in a population at high risk for CVD.Methods and Results:The associations between TCL and CVD were evaluated in a case-control study nested within the "PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea" (PREDIMED) trial. We randomly selected 147 of the 288 patients diagnosed with CVD during follow-up and matched them on age and sex to 271 controls. Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to assess TCL. In-person interviews, medical record reviews, and validated questionnaires were used to assess covariates. The fully adjusted OR for the highest vs. lowest quartile of toenail Cr was 0.54 (95% CI: 0.26-1.14; P trend =0.189) for the nested case-control study. On stratification for diabetes mellitus (DM), OR was 1.37 (95% CI: 0.54-3.46; P trend =0.364) for the DM group, and 0.25 (95% CI: 0.08-0.80; P trend =0.030) for the non-DM group (P for interaction=0.078). The present findings, although not statistically significant, are consistent with previously reported inverse associations between TCL and CVD. These results, especially for non-DM patients, increase the limited epidemiological knowledge about the possible protective role of Cr against CVD. (Trial registration: www.controlled-trials.com; ISRCTN35739639.).

Incorrect Responses to Locative Commands: A Case Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duchan, Judith; Siegel, Leo

1979-01-01

A six-year-old with a language problem responded consistently to 100 locative commands by putting objects in containers and on flat surfaces regardless of the preposition or order of the nouns in the commands. (Author/CL)

The Military Accessions Vital to National Interest Program: What It Is and How It Can Be Made Relevant

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-19

recruited through the MAVNI program possess language skills and cultural expertise that can help the commander make sense of what is going on around him...made; (1) further development of the MAVNI program in order to better leverage the language skills and cultural expertise of the Soldiers recruited...describe and direct. Soldiers recruited through the MAVNI program possess language skills and cultural expertise that can help the commander make

Recognition of voice commands using adaptation of foreign language speech recognizer via selection of phonetic transcriptions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maskeliunas, Rytis; Rudzionis, Vytautas

2011-06-01

In recent years various commercial speech recognizers have become available. These recognizers provide the possibility to develop applications incorporating various speech recognition techniques easily and quickly. All of these commercial recognizers are typically targeted to widely spoken languages having large market potential; however, it may be possible to adapt available commercial recognizers for use in environments where less widely spoken languages are used. Since most commercial recognition engines are closed systems the single avenue for the adaptation is to try set ways for the selection of proper phonetic transcription methods between the two languages. This paper deals with the methods to find the phonetic transcriptions for Lithuanian voice commands to be recognized using English speech engines. The experimental evaluation showed that it is possible to find phonetic transcriptions that will enable the recognition of Lithuanian voice commands with recognition accuracy of over 90%.

FRED user's manual

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shilling, J.

1984-02-01

FRED, the friendly editor, is a screen-based structured editor. This manual is intended to serve the needs of a wide range of users of the FRED text editor. Most users will find it sufficient to read the introductory material in section 2, supplemented with the full command set description in section 3. Advanced users may wish to change the keystroke sequences which invoke editor commands. Section 4 describes how to change key bindings and how to define command macros. Some users may need to modify a language description or create an entirely new language description for use with FRED. Sectionmore » 5 describes the format of the language descriptions used by the editor, and describes how to construct a language grammar. Section 6 describes known portability problems of the FRED editor and should concern only system installation personnel. The editor points out syntax errors in the file being edited and does automatic pretty printing.« less

XML in an Adaptive Framework for Instrument Control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ames, Troy J.

2004-01-01

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center is developing an extensible framework for instrument command and control, known as Instrument Remote Control (IRC), that combines the platform independent processing capabilities of Java with the power of the Extensible Markup Language (XML). A key aspect of the architecture is software that is driven by an instrument description, written using the Instrument Markup Language (IML). IML is an XML dialect used to describe interfaces to control and monitor the instrument, command sets and command formats, data streams, communication mechanisms, and data processing algorithms.

DBPQL: A view-oriented query language for the Intel Data Base Processor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fishwick, P. A.

1983-01-01

An interactive query language (BDPQL) for the Intel Data Base Processor (DBP) is defined. DBPQL includes a parser generator package which permits the analyst to easily create and manipulate the query statement syntax and semantics. The prototype language, DBPQL, includes trace and performance commands to aid the analyst when implementing new commands and analyzing the execution characteristics of the DBP. The DBPQL grammar file and associated key procedures are included as an appendix to this report.

An Automated Cropland Classification Algorithm (ACCA) for Tajikistan by combining Landsat, MODIS, and secondary data

USGS Publications Warehouse

Thenkabail, Prasad S.; Wu, Zhuoting

2012-01-01

The overarching goal of this research was to develop and demonstrate an automated Cropland Classification Algorithm (ACCA) that will rapidly, routinely, and accurately classify agricultural cropland extent, areas, and characteristics (e.g., irrigated vs. rainfed) over large areas such as a country or a region through combination of multi-sensor remote sensing and secondary data. In this research, a rule-based ACCA was conceptualized, developed, and demonstrated for the country of Tajikistan using mega file data cubes (MFDCs) involving data from Landsat Global Land Survey (GLS), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) 30 m, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250 m time-series, a suite of secondary data (e.g., elevation, slope, precipitation, temperature), and in situ data. First, the process involved producing an accurate reference (or truth) cropland layer (TCL), consisting of cropland extent, areas, and irrigated vs. rainfed cropland areas, for the entire country of Tajikistan based on MFDC of year 2005 (MFDC2005). The methods involved in producing TCL included using ISOCLASS clustering, Tasseled Cap bi-spectral plots, spectro-temporal characteristics from MODIS 250 m monthly normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) maximum value composites (MVC) time-series, and textural characteristics of higher resolution imagery. The TCL statistics accurately matched with the national statistics of Tajikistan for irrigated and rainfed croplands, where about 70% of croplands were irrigated and the rest rainfed. Second, a rule-based ACCA was developed to replicate the TCL accurately (~80% producer’s and user’s accuracies or within 20% quantity disagreement involving about 10 million Landsat 30 m sized cropland pixels of Tajikistan). Development of ACCA was an iterative process involving series of rules that are coded, refined, tweaked, and re-coded till ACCA derived croplands (ACLs) match accurately with TCLs. Third, the ACCA derived cropland layers of Tajikistan were produced for year 2005 (ACL2005), same year as the year used for developing ACCA, using MFDC2005. Fourth, TCL for year 2010 (TCL2010), an independent year, was produced using MFDC2010 using the same methods and approaches as the one used to produce TCL2005. Fifth, the ACCA was applied on MFDC2010 to derive ACL2010. The ACLs were then compared with TCLs (ACL2005 vs. TCL2005 and ACL2010 vs. TCL2010). The resulting accuracies and errors from error matrices involving about 152 million Landsat (30 m) pixels of the country of Tajikistan (of which about 10 million Landsat size, 30 m, cropland pixels) showed an overall accuracy of 99.6% (khat = 0.97) for ACL2005 vs. TCL2005. For the 3 classes (irrigated, rainfed, and others) mapped in ACL2005, the producer’s accuracy was >86.4% and users accuracy was >93.6%. For ACL2010 vs. TCL2010, the error matrix showed an overall accuracy on 96.2% (khat = 0.96). For the 3 classes (irrigated, rainfed, and others) mapped in ACL2010, the producer’s and user’s accuracies for the irrigated areas were ≥82.9%. Any intermixing was overwhelmingly between irrigated and rainfed croplands, indicating that croplands (irrigated plus rainfed areas) as well as irrigated areas were mapped with high levels of accuracies (~90% or higher) even for the independent year. The ACL2005 and ACL2010, each, were produced using ACCA algorithm in ~30 min using a Dell Precision desktop T7400 computer for the entire country of Tajikistan once the MFDCs for the years were ready. The ACCA algorithm for Tajikistan is made available through US Geological Survey’s ScienceBase: http://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/folder/4f79f1b7e4b0009bd827f548 or at: https://powellcenter.usgs.gov/globalcroplandwater/content/models-algorithms. The research contributes to the efforts of global food security through research on global croplands and their water use (e.g., https://powellcenter.usgs.gov/globalcroplandwater/). The above results clearly demonstrated the ability of a rule-based ACCA to rapidly and accurately produce cropland data layer year after year (hindcast, nowcast, forecast) for the country it was developed using MFDCs that consist of combining multiple sensor data and secondary data. It needs to be noted that the ACCA is applicable to the area (e.g., country, region) for which it is developed. In this case, ACCA is applicable for the Country of Tajikistan to hindcast, nowcast, and forecast agricultural cropland extent, areas, and irrigated vs. rainfed. The same fundamental concept of ACCA applies to other areas of the World where ACCA codes need to be modified to suite the area/region of interest. ACCA can also be expanded to compute other crop characteristics such as crop types, cropping intensities, and phenologies.

A software toolbox for robotics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sanwal, J. C.

1985-01-01

A method for programming cooperating manipulators, which is guided by a geometric description of the task to be performed, is given. For this a suitable language must be used and a method for describing the workplace and the objects in it in geometric terms. A task level command language and its implementation for concurrently driven multiple robot arm is described. The language is suitable for driving a cell in which manipulators, end effectors, and sensors are controlled by their own dedicated processors. These processors can communicate with each other through a communication network. A mechanism for keeping track of the history of the commands already executed allows the command language for the manipulators to be event driven. A frame based world modeling system is utilized to describe the objects in the work environment and any relationships that hold between these objects. This system provides a versatile tool for managing information about the world model. Default actions normally needed are invoked when the data base is updated or accessed. Most of the first level error recovery is also invoked by the database by utilizing the concepts of demons. The package can be utilized to generate task level commands in a problem solver or a planner.

BioPCD - A Language for GUI Development Requiring a Minimal Skill Set.

PubMed

Alvare, Graham Gm; Roche-Lima, Abiel; Fristensky, Brian

2012-11-01

BioPCD is a new language whose purpose is to simplify the creation of Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) by biologists with minimal programming skills. The first step in developing BioPCD was to create a minimal superset of the language referred to as PCD (Pythonesque Command Description). PCD defines the core of terminals and high-level nonterminals required to describe data of almost any type. BioPCD adds to PCD the constructs necessary to describe GUI components and the syntax for executing system commands. BioPCD is implemented using JavaCC to convert the grammar into code. BioPCD is designed to be terse and readable and simple enough to be learned by copying and modifying existing BioPCD files. We demonstrate that BioPCD can easily be used to generate GUIs for existing command line programs. Although BioPCD was designed to make it easier to run bioinformatics programs, it could be used in any domain in which many useful command line programs exist that do not have GUI interfaces.

Somatic Embryogenesis in Peach Palm Using the Thin Cell Layer Technique: Induction, Morpho-histological Aspects and AFLP Analysis of Somaclonal Variation

PubMed Central

Steinmacher, D. A.; Krohn, N. G.; Dantas, A. C. M.; Stefenon, V. M.; Clement, C. R.; Guerra, M. P.

2007-01-01

Background and Aims The thin cell layer (TCL) technique is based on the use of very small explants and has allowed enhanced in vitro morphogenesis in several plant species. The present study evaluated the TCL technique as a procedure for somatic embryo production and plantlet regeneration of peach palm. Methods TCL explants from different positions in the shoot apex and leaf sheath of peach palm were cultivated in MS culture medium supplemented with 0–600 µm Picloram in the presence of activated charcoal. The production of primary calli and embryogenic calli was evaluated in these different conditions. Histological and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses were conducted to study in vitro morphogenetic responses and genetic stability, respectively, of the regenerated plantlets. Key Results Abundant primary callus induction was observed from TCLs of the shoot meristem in culture media supplemented with 150–600 µm Picloram (83–97 %, respectively). The production of embryogenic calli depends on Picloram concentration and explant position. The best response observed was 43 % embryogenic callus production from shoot meristem TCL on 300 µm Picloram. In maturation conditions, 34 ± 4 somatic embryos per embryogenic callus were obtained, and 45·0 ± 3·4 % of these fully developed somatic embryos were converted, resulting in plantlets ready for acclimatization, of which 80 % survived. Histological studies revealed that the first cellular division events occurred in cells adjacent to vascular tissue, resulting in primary calli, whose growth was ensured by a meristematic zone. A multicellular origin of the resulting somatic embryos arising from the meristematic zone is suggested. During maturation, histological analyses revealed bipolarization of the somatic embryos, as well as the development of new somatic embryos. AFLP analyses revealed that 92 % of the regenerated plantlets were true to type. The use of TCL explants considerably improves the number of calli and somatic embryos produced in comparison with previously described protocols for in vitro regeneration of peach palm. Conclusions The present study suggests that the TCL somatic embryogenesis protocol developed is feasible, although it still requires further optimization for in vitro multiplication of peach palm, especially the use of similar explants obtained from adult palm trees. PMID:17670751

Speckle interferometry. Data acquisition and control for the SPID instrument.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Altarac, S.; Tallon, M.; Thiebaut, E.; Foy, R.

1998-08-01

SPID (SPeckle Imaging by Deconvolution) is a new speckle camera currently under construction at CRAL-Observatoire de Lyon. Its high spectral resolution and high image restoration capabilities open new astrophysical programs. The instrument SPID is composed of four main optical modules which are fully automated and computer controlled by a software written in Tcl/Tk/Tix and C. This software provides an intelligent assistance to the user by choosing observational parameters as a function of atmospheric parameters, computed in real time, and the desired restored image quality. Data acquisition is made by a photon-counting detector (CP40). A VME-based computer under OS9 controls the detector and stocks the data. The intelligent system runs under Linux on a PC. A slave PC under DOS commands the motors. These 3 computers communicate through an Ethernet network. SPID can be considered as a precursor for VLT's (Very Large Telescope, four 8-meter telescopes currently built in Chile by European Southern Observatory) very high spatial resolution camera.

Network, system, and status software enhancements for the autonomously managed electrical power system breadboard. Volume 3: Commands specification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mckee, James W.

1990-01-01

This volume (3 of 4) contains the specification for the command language for the AMPS system. The volume contains a requirements specification for the operating system and commands and a design specification for the operating system and command. The operating system and commands sits on top of the protocol. The commands are an extension of the present set of AMPS commands in that the commands are more compact, allow multiple sub-commands to be bundled into one command, and have provisions for identifying the sender and the intended receiver. The commands make no change to the actual software that implement the commands.

The computational structural mechanics testbed architecture. Volume 2: The interface

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Felippa, Carlos A.

1988-01-01

This is the third set of five volumes which describe the software architecture for the Computational Structural Mechanics Testbed. Derived from NICE, an integrated software system developed at Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory, the architecture is composed of the command language CLAMP, the command language interpreter CLIP, and the data manager GAL. Volumes 1, 2, and 3 (NASA CR's 178384, 178385, and 178386, respectively) describe CLAMP and CLIP and the CLIP-processor interface. Volumes 4 and 5 (NASA CR's 178387 and 178388, respectively) describe GAL and its low-level I/O. CLAMP, an acronym for Command Language for Applied Mechanics Processors, is designed to control the flow of execution of processors written for NICE. Volume 3 describes the CLIP-Processor interface and related topics. It is intended only for processor developers.

The computational structural mechanics testbed architecture. Volume 2: Directives

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Felippa, Carlos A.

1989-01-01

This is the second of a set of five volumes which describe the software architecture for the Computational Structural Mechanics Testbed. Derived from NICE, an integrated software system developed at Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory, the architecture is composed of the command language (CLAMP), the command language interpreter (CLIP), and the data manager (GAL). Volumes 1, 2, and 3 (NASA CR's 178384, 178385, and 178386, respectively) describe CLAMP and CLIP and the CLIP-processor interface. Volumes 4 and 5 (NASA CR's 178387 and 178388, respectively) describe GAL and its low-level I/O. CLAMP, an acronym for Command Language for Applied Mechanics Processors, is designed to control the flow of execution of processors written for NICE. Volume 2 describes the CLIP directives in detail. It is intended for intermediate and advanced users.

A CMake-Based Cross Platform Build System for Tcl/Tk

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-11-01

expressing the logic for generating user-installable packages of the finished package. While specific com- pilation instructions are typically unique to each...Windows com- pilation . This presented a difficulty for the BRL- CAD project in that neither of these systems inte- grated well with BRL-CAD’s own build...build files. 2. Implement enough of the Tcl/Tk–specific com- pilation macro logic in CMake to support build- 1Twylite’s Coffee project uses CMake to

Crystal structure of MTCP-1: Implications for role of TCL-1 and MTCP-1 in T cell malignancies

PubMed Central

Fu, Zheng-Qing; Du Bois, Garrett C.; Song, Sherry P.; Kulikovskaya, Irina; Virgilio, Laura; Rothstein, Jay L.; Croce, Carlo M.; Weber, Irene T.; Harrison, Robert W.

1998-01-01

Two related oncogenes, TCL-1 and MTCP-1, are overexpressed in T cell prolymphocytic leukemias as a result of chromosomal rearrangements that involve the translocation of one T cell receptor gene to either chromosome 14q32 or Xq28. The crystal structure of human recombinant MTCP-1 protein has been determined at 2.0 Å resolution by using multiwavelength anomalous dispersion data from selenomethionine-enriched protein and refined to an R factor of 0.21. MTCP-1 folds into a compact eight-stranded β barrel structure with a short helix between the fourth and fifth strands. The topology is unique. The structure of TCL-1 has been predicted by molecular modeling based on 40% amino acid sequence identity with MTCP-1. The identical residues are clustered inside the barrel and on the surface at one side of the barrel. The overall structure of MTCP-1 superficially resembles the structures of proteins in the lipocalin family and calycin superfamily. These proteins have diverse functions, including transport of retinol, fatty acids, chromophores, pheromones, synthesis of prostaglandin, immune modulation, and cell regulation. However, MTCP-1 differs in the topology of the β strands. The structural similarity suggests that MTCP-1 and TCL-1 form a unique family of β barrel proteins that is predicted to bind small hydrophobic ligands and function in cell regulation. PMID:9520380

Adaptive supervisory control of remote manipulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ferrell, W. R.

1977-01-01

The command language by which an operator exerts supervisory control over a general purpose remote manipulator should be designed to accommodate certain characteristics of human performance if there is to be effective communication between the operator and the machine. Some of the ways in which people formulate tasks, use language, learn and make errors are discussed and design implications are drawn. A general approach to command language design is suggested, based on the notion matching the operator's current task schema or context by appropriate program structures or 'frames' in the machine.

Malignant transformation of CD4+ T lymphocytes mediated by oncogenic kinase NPM/ALK recapitulates IL-2-induced cell signaling and gene expression reprogramming

PubMed Central

Marzec, Michal; Halasa, Krzysztof; Liu, Xiaobin; Wang, Hong Y.; Cheng, Mangeng; Baldwin, Donald; Tobias, John W.; Schuster, Stephen J.; Woetmann, Anders; Zhang, Qian; Turner, Suzanne D.; Odum, Niels; Wasik, Mariusz A.

2013-01-01

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) physiologically expressed only by nervous system cells displays remarkable capacity to transform CD4+ T lymphocytes and other types of non-neural cells. Here we report that activity of nucleophosphmin (NPM)/ALK chimeric protein, the dominant form of ALK expressed in T-cell lymphomas (ALK+TCL), closely resembles cell activation induced by interleukin 2 (IL-2), the key cytokine supporting growth and survival of normal CD4+ T lymphocytes. Direct comparison of gene expression by ALK+TCL cells treated with an ALK inhibitor and IL-2-dependent ALK-TCL cells stimulated with the cytokine revealed a very similar, albeit inverse, gene regulation pattern. Depending on the analysis method, up to 67% of the modulated genes could be defined as modulated in common by NPM/ALK and IL-2. Based on the gene expression patterns, Jak/STAT and IL-2 signaling pathways topped the list of pathways identified as affected by both IL-2 and NPM/ALK. The expression dependence on NPM/ALK and IL-2 of the five selected genes: CD25 (IL-2Rα), Egr-1, Fosl-1, SOCS3, and Irf-4 was confirmed at the protein level. In both ALK+TCL and IL-2-stimulated ALK-TCL cells, CD25, SOCS3, and Irf-4 genes were activated predominantly by the STAT5 and STAT3 transcription factors, while transcription of Egr-1 and Fosl-1 was induced by the MEK-ERK pathway. Finally, we found that Egr-1, a protein not associated previously with either IL-2 or ALK, contributes to the cell proliferation. These findings indicate that NPM/ALK transforms the target CD4+ T lymphocytes, at least in part, by utilizing the pre-existing, IL-2-dependent signaling pathways. PMID:24218456

Tuberculosis or tularemia? A molecular study in cervical lymphadenitis.

PubMed

Yıldırım, Sükrü; Turhan, Vedat; Karadenizli, Aynur; Önem, Yalçın; Karagöz, Ergenekon; Eroğlu, Cafer; Çiftçi, Faruk

2014-01-01

Over the last two to three decades there has been a marked decrease in certain bacterial infections in Turkey. One of them is tuberculosis. Of note, statistics published by the Turkish Ministry of Health (MoH) show decreasing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), but on the other hand, increasing extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). The most common form of EPTB is tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis (TCL). The increase in the number of TCL cases despite the decline in cases of PTB is seen as a paradoxical issue. In contrast there has been an increase in the number of oropharyngeal tularemia cases in the last decade in Turkey. The aim of this study was to draw attention to the importance of differentiating between TCL and tularemia lymphadenitis, because these diseases may have a similar histopathological appearance. Thirty-two cases diagnosed as TCL were identified from the archives of a pathology laboratory (Patomer Pathology Laboratory, Bursa, Turkey). PCR tests for Francisella tularensis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were carried out on the paraffin tissue blocks of these cases. At the same time, statistical data on PTB and EPTB for the period 1996-2010 were retrieved from the MoH and reviewed. Statistics related to tularemia, which has been diagnosed since 1988 and has been increasing in the last 10 years, were obtained from the Department of Zoonoses of the MoH. Six out of 32 (19%) cases who had previously been diagnosed with 'casseifying granulomatous lymphadenitis consistent with tuberculosis' were found to be positive for tularemia by PCR test of the cervical lymph nodes. Oropharyngeal tularemia should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenitis in widespread geographic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including the Asian continent. In particular, if granulomatous inflammation with necrosis is seen histopathologically, tularemia should be excluded before making the diagnosis of TCL. Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Exploring Mechanisms Underlying Impaired Brain Function in Gulf War Illness through Advanced Network Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-10-01

networks of the brain responsible for visual processing, mood regulation, motor coordination, sensory processing, and language command, but increased...4    For each subject, the rsFMRI voxel time-series were temporally shifted to account for differences in slice acquisition times...responsible for visual processing, mood regulation, motor coordination, sensory processing, and language command, but increased connectivity in

TCL2 Ocean Scenario Replay

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mohlenbrink, Christoph P.; Omar, Faisal Gamal; Homola, Jeffrey R.

2017-01-01

This is a video replay of system data that was generated from the UAS Traffic Management (UTM) Technical Capability Level (TCL) 2 flight demonstration in Nevada and rendered in Google Earth. What is depicted in the replay is a particular set of flights conducted as part of what was referred to as the Ocean scenario. The test range and surrounding area are presented followed by an overview of operational volumes. System messaging is also displayed as well as a replay of all of the five test flights as they occurred.

Fort Dix Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study for 13 Sites, Final Technical Plan, Data Item A004

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-09-01

39 oxygen demand (COD), TSS, total dissolved solids ( TDS ), nitrate/nitrite, sulfate, W0109314.M80 7133-04 5-4 SECTION 5 phosphateand alkalinity...TSS, TDS , BOD-5, COD, alkalinity, hardness, 38 and gross alpha, beta, and gamma radiation (Table 2). 39 W0109314.M80 12-2 7133-°4 SECTION 12 l...wells. Groundwater samples 28 will be analyzed for TCL VOCs, TCL SVOCs, TAL metals (nonfiltered and filtered) 29 TSS, TDS , BOD-5, COD, alkalinity

UTM Technical Capabilities Level 2 (TLC2) Test at Reno-Stead Airport.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-10-06

Test of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) technical capability Level 2 (TCL2) at Reno-Stead Airport, Nevada. During the test, five drones simultaneously crossed paths, separated by altitude. Two drones flew beyond visual line-of-sight and three flew within line-of-sight of their operators. Engineers Priya Venkatesan and Joey Mercer review flight paths using the UAS traffic management research platform at flight operations mission control at NASA’s UTM TCL2 test.

Information retrieval and display system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Groover, J. L.; King, W. L.

1977-01-01

Versatile command-driven data management system offers users, through simplified command language, a means of storing and searching data files, sorting data files into specified orders, performing simple or complex computations, effecting file updates, and printing or displaying output data. Commands are simple to use and flexible enough to meet most data management requirements.

The computational structural mechanics testbed architecture. Volume 4: The global-database manager GAL-DBM

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wright, Mary A.; Regelbrugge, Marc E.; Felippa, Carlos A.

1989-01-01

This is the fourth of a set of five volumes which describe the software architecture for the Computational Structural Mechanics Testbed. Derived from NICE, an integrated software system developed at Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory, the architecture is composed of the command language CLAMP, the command language interpreter CLIP, and the data manager GAL. Volumes 1, 2, and 3 (NASA CR's 178384, 178385, and 178386, respectively) describe CLAMP and CLIP and the CLIP-processor interface. Volumes 4 and 5 (NASA CR's 178387 and 178388, respectively) describe GAL and its low-level I/O. CLAMP, an acronym for Command Language for Applied Mechanics Processors, is designed to control the flow of execution of processors written for NICE. Volume 4 describes the nominal-record data management component of the NICE software. It is intended for all users.

A Programming Language Environment for the Unassisted Learner.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas, P. G.; Ince, D. C.

1982-01-01

Describes the computing environment and command language for a new programing language called OUSBASIC which is designed to enable naive users to interact usefully, with little assistance, with a computer system. (Author/CHC)

Improved data retrieval from TreeBASE via taxonomic and linguistic data enrichment

PubMed Central

Anwar, Nadia; Hunt, Ela

2009-01-01

Background TreeBASE, the only data repository for phylogenetic studies, is not being used effectively since it does not meet the taxonomic data retrieval requirements of the systematics community. We show, through an examination of the queries performed on TreeBASE, that data retrieval using taxon names is unsatisfactory. Results We report on a new wrapper supporting taxon queries on TreeBASE by utilising a Taxonomy and Classification Database (TCl-Db) we created. TCl-Db holds merged and consolidated taxonomic names from multiple data sources and can be used to translate hierarchical, vernacular and synonym queries into specific query terms in TreeBASE. The query expansion supported by TCl-Db shows very significant information retrieval quality improvement. The wrapper can be accessed at the URL The methodology we developed is scalable and can be applied to new data, as those become available in the future. Conclusion Significantly improved data retrieval quality is shown for all queries, and additional flexibility is achieved via user-driven taxonomy selection. PMID:19426482

Prescribing prophylactic antibiotics to users of therapeutic contact lenses.

PubMed

Colomé-Campos, J; Quevedo-Junyent, L; Godoy-Barreda, N; Martínez-Salcedo, I; Romero-Aroca, P

2013-03-01

To describe the benefits and optimum use of prophylactic antibiotics in users of therapeutic contact lenses (TCL). A microbiological study was carried out on samples from 33 patients who continuously wore TCL. The resistance to antibiotics of bacteria isolated in our health region was also reviewed. An assessment was also made on whether there were microorganisms of a higher pathogenic potential in TCL than conventional contact lenses, as reported in the literature. No bacteria were isolated from 17 (52%) of the 33 lenses studied. From the 16 (48%) remaining lenses, coagulase negative Staphylococci were isolated from 10 (62%), Propionibacterium acnes from 4 (25%), and Corynebacterium from 2 (13%). The high number of negative cultures and the presence of saprophytic bacteria indicate that prophylactic antibiotic treatment is not precise. The most frequent pathogenic bacteria found in contact lenses are strongly resistant to the current commercially available antibiotics. Copyright © 2012 Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Dysregulated choline metabolism in T-cell lymphoma: role of choline kinase-α and therapeutic targeting

PubMed Central

Xiong, J; Bian, J; Wang, L; Zhou, J-Y; Wang, Y; Zhao, Y; Wu, L-L; Hu, J-J; Li, B; Chen, S-J; Yan, C; Zhao, W-L

2015-01-01

Cancer cells have distinct metabolomic profile. Metabolic enzymes regulate key oncogenic signaling pathways and have an essential role on tumor progression. Here, serum metabolomic analysis was performed in 45 patients with T-cell lymphoma (TCL) and 50 healthy volunteers. The results showed that dysregulation of choline metabolism occurred in TCL and was related to tumor cell overexpression of choline kinase-α (Chokα). In T-lymphoma cells, pharmacological and molecular silencing of Chokα significantly decreased Ras-GTP activity, AKT and ERK phosphorylation and MYC oncoprotein expression, leading to restoration of choline metabolites and induction of tumor cell apoptosis/necropotosis. In a T-lymphoma xenograft murine model, Chokα inhibitor CK37 remarkably retarded tumor growth, suppressed Ras-AKT/ERK signaling, increased lysophosphatidylcholine levels and induced in situ cell apoptosis/necropotosis. Collectively, as a regulatory gene of aberrant choline metabolism, Chokα possessed oncogenic activity and could be a potential therapeutic target in TCL, as well as other hematological malignancies with interrupted Ras signaling pathways. PMID:25768400

BioPCD - A Language for GUI Development Requiring a Minimal Skill Set

PubMed Central

Alvare, Graham GM; Roche-Lima, Abiel; Fristensky, Brian

2016-01-01

BioPCD is a new language whose purpose is to simplify the creation of Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) by biologists with minimal programming skills. The first step in developing BioPCD was to create a minimal superset of the language referred to as PCD (Pythonesque Command Description). PCD defines the core of terminals and high-level nonterminals required to describe data of almost any type. BioPCD adds to PCD the constructs necessary to describe GUI components and the syntax for executing system commands. BioPCD is implemented using JavaCC to convert the grammar into code. BioPCD is designed to be terse and readable and simple enough to be learned by copying and modifying existing BioPCD files. We demonstrate that BioPCD can easily be used to generate GUIs for existing command line programs. Although BioPCD was designed to make it easier to run bioinformatics programs, it could be used in any domain in which many useful command line programs exist that do not have GUI interfaces. PMID:27818582

Radiation-induced leukemia: Comparative studies in mouse and man

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Haas, M.

1991-01-01

We now have a clear understanding of the mechanism by which radiation-induced (T-cell) leukemia occurs. In irradiated mice (radiation-induced thymic leukemia) and in man (acute lymphoblastic T-cell leukemia, T-ALL) the mechanism of leukemogenesis is surprisingly similar. Expressed in the most elementary terms, T-cell leukemia occurs when T-cell differentiation is inhibited by a mutation, and pre-T cells attempt but fail to differentiate in the thymus. Instead of leaving the thymus for the periphery as functional T-cells they continue to proliferate in the thymus. The proliferating pre- (pro-) T-cells constitute the (early) acute T-cell leukemia (A-TCL). This model for the mechanism ofmore » T-cell leukemogenesis accounts for all the properties of both murine and human A-TCL. Important support for the model has recently come from work by Ilan Kirsch and others, who have shown that mutations/deletions in the genes SCL (TAL), SIL, and LCK constitute primary events in the development of T-ALL, by inhibiting differentiation of thymic pre- (pro-) T-cells. This mechanism of T-cell leukemogenesis brings several specific questions into focus: How do early A-TCL cells progress to become potently tumorigenic and poorly treatable Is it feasible to genetically suppress early and/or progressed A-TCL cells What is the mechanism by which the differentiation-inhibited (leukemic) pre-T cells proliferate During the first grant year we have worked on aspects of all three questions.« less

Specific Dioscorea Phytoextracts Enhance Potency of TCL-Loaded DC-Based Cancer Vaccines

PubMed Central

Chang, Wei-Ting; Chen, Hui-Ming; Yin, Shu-Yi; Chen, Yung-Hsiang; Wen, Chih-Chun; Wei, Wen-Chi; Lai, Phoency; Wang, Cheng-Hsin; Yang, Ning-Sun

2013-01-01

Dioscorea tuber phytoextracts can confer immunomodulatory activities ex vivo and improve regeneration of bone marrow cells in vivo. In present study, we evaluated specific Dioscorea phytoextracts for use ex vivo as a bone-marrow-derived dendritic cell- (DC-) based vaccine adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy. Fractionated Dioscorea extracts (DsII) were assayed for their effect on maturation and functions of DC ex vivo and antimelanoma activity of DC-based vaccine in vivo. The phytoextract from 50–75% ethanol-precipitated fraction of Dioscorea alata var. purpurea Tainung no. 5 tuber, designated as DsII-TN5, showed a strong augmentation of tumor cell lysate- (TCL-) loaded DC-mediated activation of T-cell proliferation. DsII-TN5 stimulated the expression of CD40, CD80, CD86, and IL-1β in TCL-loaded DCs and downregulated the expression of TGF-β1. DC vaccines prepared by a specific schema (TCL (2 h) + LPS (22 h)) showed the strongest antitumor activity. DsII-TN5 as a DC vaccine adjuvant showed strong antimelanoma activity and reduced myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) population in tested mice. DsII-TN5 can also activate DCs to enhance Th1- and Th17-related cytokine expressions. Biochemical analysis showed that DsII-TN5 consists mainly of polysaccharides containing a high level (53%) of mannose residues. We suggest that DsII-TN5 may have potential for future application as a potent, cost-effective adjuvant for DC-based cancer vaccines. PMID:23935688

An application of software design and documentation language. [Galileo spacecraft command and data subsystem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Callender, E. D.; Clarkson, T. B.; Frasier, C. E.

1980-01-01

The software design and documentation language (SDDL) is a general purpose processor to support a lanugage for the description of any system, structure, concept, or procedure that may be presented from the viewpoint of a collection of hierarchical entities linked together by means of binary connections. The language comprises a set of rules of syntax, primitive construct classes (module, block, and module invocation), and language control directives. The result is a language with a fixed grammar, variable alphabet and punctuation, and an extendable vocabulary. The application of SDDL to the detailed software design of the Command Data Subsystem for the Galileo Spacecraft is discussed. A set of constructs was developed and applied. These constructs are evaluated and examples of their application are considered.

GRAMPS: a graphics language interpreter for real-time, interactive, three-dimensional picture editing and animation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

O'Donnell, T.J.; Olson, A.J.

1981-08-01

GRAMPS, a graphics language interpreter has been developed in FORTRAN 77 to be used in conjunction with an interactive vector display list processor (Evans and Sutherland Multi-Picture-System). Several of the features of the language make it very useful and convenient for real-time scene construction, manipulation and animation. The GRAMPS language syntax allows natural interaction with scene elements as well as easy, interactive assignment of graphics input devices. GRAMPS facilitates the creation, manipulation and copying of complex nested picture structures. The language has a powerful macro feature that enables new graphics commands to be developed and incorporated interactively. Animation may bemore » achieved in GRAMPS by two different, yet mutually compatible means. Picture structures may contain framed data, which consist of a sequence of fixed objects. These structures may be displayed sequentially to give a traditional frame animation effect. In addition, transformation information on picture structures may be saved at any time in the form of new macro commands that will transform these structures from one saved state to another in a specified number of steps, yielding an interpolated transformation animation effect. An overview of the GRAMPS command structure is given and several examples of application of the language to molecular modeling and animation are presented.« less

Young Children and Turtle Graphics Programming: Understanding Turtle Commands.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cuneo, Diane O.

The LOGO programing language developed for children includes a set of primitive graphics commands that control the displacement and rotation of a display screen cursor called a turtle. The purpose of this study was to examine 4- to 7-year-olds' understanding of single turtle commands as transformations that connect turtle states and to…

Introduction to the computational structural mechanics testbed

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lotts, C. G.; Greene, W. H.; Mccleary, S. L.; Knight, N. F., Jr.; Paulson, S. S.; Gillian, R. E.

1987-01-01

The Computational Structural Mechanics (CSM) testbed software system based on the SPAR finite element code and the NICE system is described. This software is denoted NICE/SPAR. NICE was developed at Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory and contains data management utilities, a command language interpreter, and a command language definition for integrating engineering computational modules. SPAR is a system of programs used for finite element structural analysis developed for NASA by Lockheed and Engineering Information Systems, Inc. It includes many complementary structural analysis, thermal analysis, utility functions which communicate through a common database. The work on NICE/SPAR was motivated by requirements for a highly modular and flexible structural analysis system to use as a tool in carrying out research in computational methods and exploring computer hardware. Analysis examples are presented which demonstrate the benefits gained from a combination of the NICE command language with a SPAR computational modules.

The computational structural mechanics testbed architecture. Volume 5: The Input-Output Manager DMGASP

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Felippa, Carlos A.

1989-01-01

This is the fifth of a set of five volumes which describe the software architecture for the Computational Structural Mechanics Testbed. Derived from NICE, an integrated software system developed at Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory, the architecture is composed of the command language (CLAMP), the command language interpreter (CLIP), and the data manager (GAL). Volumes 1, 2, and 3 (NASA CR's 178384, 178385, and 178386, respectively) describe CLAMP and CLIP and the CLIP-processor interface. Volumes 4 and 5 (NASA CR's 178387 and 178388, respectively) describe GAL and its low-level I/O. CLAMP, an acronym for Command Language for Applied Mechanics Processors, is designed to control the flow of execution of processors written for NICE. Volume 5 describes the low-level data management component of the NICE software. It is intended only for advanced programmers involved in maintenance of the software.

Fuzzy Logic Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howard, Ayanna

2005-01-01

The Fuzzy Logic Engine is a software package that enables users to embed fuzzy-logic modules into their application programs. Fuzzy logic is useful as a means of formulating human expert knowledge and translating it into software to solve problems. Fuzzy logic provides flexibility for modeling relationships between input and output information and is distinguished by its robustness with respect to noise and variations in system parameters. In addition, linguistic fuzzy sets and conditional statements allow systems to make decisions based on imprecise and incomplete information. The user of the Fuzzy Logic Engine need not be an expert in fuzzy logic: it suffices to have a basic understanding of how linguistic rules can be applied to the user's problem. The Fuzzy Logic Engine is divided into two modules: (1) a graphical-interface software tool for creating linguistic fuzzy sets and conditional statements and (2) a fuzzy-logic software library for embedding fuzzy processing capability into current application programs. The graphical- interface tool was developed using the Tcl/Tk programming language. The fuzzy-logic software library was written in the C programming language.

Targetable vulnerabilities in T- and NK-cell lymphomas identified through preclinical models. | Office of Cancer Genomics

Cancer.gov

T- and NK-cell lymphomas (TCL) are a heterogenous group of lymphoid malignancies with poor prognosis. In contrast to B-cell and myeloid malignancies, there are few preclinical models of TCLs, which has hampered the development of effective therapeutics. Here we establish and characterize preclinical models of TCL. We identify multiple vulnerabilities that are targetable with currently available agents (e.g., inhibitors of JAK2 or IKZF1) and demonstrate proof-of-principle for biomarker-driven therapies using patient-derived xenografts (PDXs).

Language Development Versus the Teaching of the Standard Language. Lektos: Interdisciplinary Working Papers in Language Sciences, Special Issue.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Valdes-Fallis, Guadalupe

This paper examines the problem of language development and language growth in the English-dominant Spanish-speaking student who intends to increase his total command of Spanish for the purpose of functioning in that language at a level equivalent to that of most educated Latin Americans. Observations are based on the experiences of…

An XML-Based Mission Command Language for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs)

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-06-01

P. XML: How To Program . Prentice Hall, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 2001 Digital Signature Activity Statement, W3C www.w3.org/Signature...languages because it does not directly specify how information is to be presented, but rather defines the structure (and thus semantics) of the...command and control (C2) aspects of using XML to increase the utility of AUVs. XML programming will be addressed. Current mine warfare doctrine will be

Radiation-induced leukemia: Comparative studies in mouse and man. Annual performance report, June 1, 1991--October 31, 1991

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Haas, M.

1991-12-31

We now have a clear understanding of the mechanism by which radiation-induced (T-cell) leukemia occurs. In irradiated mice (radiation-induced thymic leukemia) and in man (acute lymphoblastic T-cell leukemia, T-ALL) the mechanism of leukemogenesis is surprisingly similar. Expressed in the most elementary terms, T-cell leukemia occurs when T-cell differentiation is inhibited by a mutation, and pre-T cells attempt but fail to differentiate in the thymus. Instead of leaving the thymus for the periphery as functional T-cells they continue to proliferate in the thymus. The proliferating pre- (pro-) T-cells constitute the (early) acute T-cell leukemia (A-TCL). This model for the mechanism ofmore » T-cell leukemogenesis accounts for all the properties of both murine and human A-TCL. Important support for the model has recently come from work by Ilan Kirsch and others, who have shown that mutations/deletions in the genes SCL (TAL), SIL, and LCK constitute primary events in the development of T-ALL, by inhibiting differentiation of thymic pre- (pro-) T-cells. This mechanism of T-cell leukemogenesis brings several specific questions into focus: How do early A-TCL cells progress to become potently tumorigenic and poorly treatable? Is it feasible to genetically suppress early and/or progressed A-TCL cells? What is the mechanism by which the differentiation-inhibited (leukemic) pre-T cells proliferate? During the first grant year we have worked on aspects of all three questions.« less

The Volume Grid Manipulator (VGM): A Grid Reusability Tool

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alter, Stephen J.

1997-01-01

This document is a manual describing how to use the Volume Grid Manipulation (VGM) software. The code is specifically designed to alter or manipulate existing surface and volume structured grids to improve grid quality through the reduction of grid line skewness, removal of negative volumes, and adaption of surface and volume grids to flow field gradients. The software uses a command language to perform all manipulations thereby offering the capability of executing multiple manipulations on a single grid during an execution of the code. The command language can be input to the VGM code by a UNIX style redirected file, or interactively while the code is executing. The manual consists of 14 sections. The first is an introduction to grid manipulation; where it is most applicable and where the strengths of such software can be utilized. The next two sections describe the memory management and the manipulation command language. The following 8 sections describe simple and complex manipulations that can be used in conjunction with one another to smooth, adapt, and reuse existing grids for various computations. These are accompanied by a tutorial section that describes how to use the commands and manipulations to solve actual grid generation problems. The last two sections are a command reference guide and trouble shooting sections to aid in the use of the code as well as describe problems associated with generated scripts for manipulation control.

New Version of SeismicHandler (SHX) based on ObsPy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stammler, Klaus; Walther, Marcus

2016-04-01

The command line version of SeismicHandler (SH), a scientific analysis tool for seismic waveform data developed around 1990, has been redesigned in the recent years, based on a project funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). The aim was to address new data access techniques, simplified metadata handling and a modularized software design. As a result the program was rewritten in Python in its main parts, taking advantage of simplicity of this script language and its variety of well developed software libraries, including ObsPy. SHX provides an easy access to waveforms and metadata via arclink and FDSN webservice protocols, also access to event catalogs is implemented. With single commands whole networks or stations within a certain area may be read in, the metadata are retrieved from the servers and stored in a local database. For data processing the large set of SH commands is available, as well as the SH scripting language. Via this SH language scripts or additional Python modules the command set of SHX is easily extendable. The program is open source, tested on Linux operating systems, documentation and download is found at URL "https://www.seismic-handler.org/".

Virtual Machine Language

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grasso, Christopher; Page, Dennis; O'Reilly, Taifun; Fteichert, Ralph; Lock, Patricia; Lin, Imin; Naviaux, Keith; Sisino, John

2005-01-01

Virtual Machine Language (VML) is a mission-independent, reusable software system for programming for spacecraft operations. Features of VML include a rich set of data types, named functions, parameters, IF and WHILE control structures, polymorphism, and on-the-fly creation of spacecraft commands from calculated values. Spacecraft functions can be abstracted into named blocks that reside in files aboard the spacecraft. These named blocks accept parameters and execute in a repeatable fashion. The sizes of uplink products are minimized by the ability to call blocks that implement most of the command steps. This block approach also enables some autonomous operations aboard the spacecraft, such as aerobraking, telemetry conditional monitoring, and anomaly response, without developing autonomous flight software. Operators on the ground write blocks and command sequences in a concise, high-level, human-readable programming language (also called VML ). A compiler translates the human-readable blocks and command sequences into binary files (the operations products). The flight portion of VML interprets the uplinked binary files. The ground subsystem of VML also includes an interactive sequence- execution tool hosted on workstations, which runs sequences at several thousand times real-time speed, affords debugging, and generates reports. This tool enables iterative development of blocks and sequences within times of the order of seconds.

Interfacial crystalline structures in injection over-molded polypropylene and bond strength.

PubMed

Yan, Bowen; Wu, Hong; Jiang, Genjie; Guo, Shaoyun; Huang, Jian

2010-11-01

This paper describes interfacial crystalline structures found in injection overmolded polypropylene components and the relationship of these structures to bond strength between the components. The combined effects of the development of hierarchical gradient structures and the particular thermomechanical environment near the interface on the interfacial crystalline structures were investigated in detail by PLM, SEM, DSC, WAXD, and infrared dichroism spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that during molding there was competitive formation of interfacial crystalline structures consisted of "shish-kebab" layer (SKL) and a transcrystalline layers (TCL). Variation in shear stress (controlled by injection pressure and injection speed) plays an important role in the formation of the SKL. The formation of TCL is influenced by the thermal environment, namely melt temperature and mold temperature. Increasing within certain limits, interfacial temperature and the thermal gradient near the interface promotes β-iPP growth. The relationship between interfacial crystalline structures and interfacial bond strength was established by lap shear measurement. The interfacial bond strength is improved by enhancing the formation of TCL, but reduced if SKL predominates.

Linear facing target sputtering of the epitaxial Ga-doped ZnO transparent contact layer on GaN-based light-emitting diodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shin, Hyun-Su; Lee, Ju-Hyun; Kwak, Joon-Seop; Lee, Hyun Hwi; Kim, Han-Ki

2013-10-01

In this study, we reported on the plasma damage-free sputtering of epitaxial Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) films on the p-GaN layer for use as a transparent contact layer (TCL) for GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using linear facing target sputtering (LFTS). Effective confinement of high-density plasma between faced GZO targets and the substrate position located outside of the plasma region led to the deposition of the epitaxial GZO TCL with a low sheet resistance of 25.7 Ω/s and a high transmittance of 84.6% on a p-GaN layer without severe plasma damage, which was found using the conventional dc sputtering process. The low turn-on voltage of the GaN-based LEDs with an LFTS-grown GZO TCL layer that was grown at a longer target-to-substrate distance (TSD) indicates that the plasma damage of the GaN-LED could be effectively reduced by adjusting the TSD during the LFTS process.

Summary report for the Engineering Script Language (ESL)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

The following subject areas are covered: ESL methodology concept; ESL specification; user interface description; engineering scripting language command statements specification; and recommendations for further research and development.

THE STRATEGY OF THE TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE--AN APPLICATION TO LEARNING RUSSIAN.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

ASHER, JAMES J.

THE ESSENCE OF THE TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE IS THAT LEARNERS ARE SILENT, LISTEN TO A COMMAND IN THE LANGUAGE BEING TAUGHT, THEN, OBEY THE COMMAND BY ACTING IT OUT WITH THE INSTRUCTOR AS A MODEL. THE METHOD WAS APPLIED TO TEACHING RUSSIAN AFTER AN INITIAL EXPERIMENT HAD BEEN TRIED WITH JAPANESE. THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP ACTED OUT THE COMMANDS. THE…

Information Technology: A Tool to Cut Health Care Costs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mukkamala, Ravi; Maly, K. J.; Overstreet, C. M.; Foudriat, E. C.

1996-01-01

Old Dominion University embarked on a project to see how current computer technology could be applied to reduce the cost and or to improve the efficiency of health care services. We designed and built a prototype for an integrated medical record system (MRS). The MRS is written in Tool control language/Tool kit (Tcl/Tk). While the initial version of the prototype had patient information hard coded into the system, later versions used an INGRES database for storing patient information. Currently, we have proposed an object-oriented model for implementing MRS. These projects involve developing information systems for physicians and medical researchers to enhance their ability for improved treatment at reduced costs. The move to computerized patient records is well underway, several standards exist for laboratory records, and several groups are working on standards for other portions of the patient record.

The Role of Teaching Grammar in First Language Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Demir, Sezgin; Erdogan, Ayse

2018-01-01

Grammar; while originating from the natural structure of the language also is the system which makes it possible for different language functions meet within the body of common rules especially communication. Having command of the language used, speaking and writing it correctly require strong grammar knowledge actually. However only knowing the…

La ensenanza de idiomas en Puerto Rico (Language Teaching in Puerto Rico)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Llorens, Washington

1976-01-01

The poor command of Spanish common to many Puerto Ricans is due, not to the teaching of English as a second language, but to the poor instruction of the native language and the lack of emphasis on reading good Spanish literature. The two languages can coexist. (Text is in Spanish.) (CHK)

Freedom and Restrictions in Language Use.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Donnell, Roy C.

Since freedom of thought and expression is essential in a democracy, censorship of language is rightly regarded as a threat to all other freedoms. Still, it is inevitable that certain restrictions will occasionally be imposed on language in America and in other societies. Restrictions on language date back to the Ten Commandments, which condemned…

Functional description of a command and control language tutor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Elke, David R.; Seamster, Thomas L.; Truszkowski, Walter

1990-01-01

The status of an ongoing project to explore the application of Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) technology to NASA command and control languages is described. The primary objective of the current phase of the project is to develop a user interface for an ITS to assist NASA control center personnel in learning Systems Test and Operations Language (STOL). Although this ITS will be developed for Gamma Ray Observatory operators, it will be designed with sufficient flexibility so that its modules may serve as an ITS for other control languages such as the User Interface Language (UIL). The focus of this phase is to develop at least one other form of STOL representation to complement the operational STOL interface. Such an alternative representation would be adaptively employed during the tutoring session to facilitate the learning process. This is a key feature of this ITS which distinguishes it from a simulator that is only capable of representing the operational environment.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oppel, III, Fred; Hart, Brian; Hart, Derek

Umbra is a software package that has been in development at Sandia National Laboratories since 1995, under the name Umbra since 1997. Umbra is a software framework written in C++ and Tcl/Tk that has been applied to many operations, primarily dealing with robotics and simulation. Umbra executables are C++ libraries orchestrated with Tcl/Tk scripts. Two major feature upgrades occurred from 4.7 to 4.8 1. System Umbra Module with its own Update Graph within the C++ framework. 2. New terrain graph for fast line-of-sight calculations All else were minor updates such as later versions of Visual Studio, OpenSceneGraph and Boost.

Contact line friction of electrowetting actuated viscous droplets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vo, Quoc; Tran, Tuan

2018-06-01

We examine the contact line friction coefficient of viscous droplets spreading and retracting on solid surfaces immersed in ambient oil. By using the electrowetting effect, we generate a surface tension imbalance to drive the spreading and the retracting motion of the three-phase contact line (TCL). We show that neither the driving force intensity nor TCL direction significantly influences the friction coefficient. Instead, the friction coefficient depends equivalently on the viscosity of liquid droplets and the surrounding oil. We derive and experimentally verify a transient timescale that can be used to characterize both the spreading and retracting dynamics.

Examining the Effectiveness of an Academic Language Planning Organizer as a Tool for Planning Science Academic Language Instruction and Supports

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jung, Karl G.; Brown, Julie C.

2016-01-01

To engage in the practices of science, students must have a strong command of science academic language. However, content area teachers often make academic language an incidental part of their lesson planning, which leads to missed opportunities to enhance students' language development. To support pre-service elementary science teachers (PSTs) in…

ISLE (Image and Signal LISP Environment): A functional language interface for signal and image processing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Azevedo, S.G.; Fitch, J.P.

1987-10-21

Conventional software interfaces that use imperative computer commands or menu interactions are often restrictive environments when used for researching new algorithms or analyzing processed experimental data. We found this to be true with current signal-processing software (SIG). As an alternative, ''functional language'' interfaces provide features such as command nesting for a more natural interaction with the data. The Image and Signal LISP Environment (ISLE) is an example of an interpreted functional language interface based on common LISP. Advantages of ISLE include multidimensional and multiple data-type independence through dispatching functions, dynamic loading of new functions, and connections to artificial intelligence (AI)more » software. 10 refs.« less

ISLE (Image and Signal Lisp Environment): A functional language interface for signal and image processing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Azevedo, S.G.; Fitch, J.P.

1987-05-01

Conventional software interfaces which utilize imperative computer commands or menu interactions are often restrictive environments when used for researching new algorithms or analyzing processed experimental data. We found this to be true with current signal processing software (SIG). Existing ''functional language'' interfaces provide features such as command nesting for a more natural interaction with the data. The Image and Signal Lisp Environment (ISLE) will be discussed as an example of an interpreted functional language interface based on Common LISP. Additional benefits include multidimensional and multiple data-type independence through dispatching functions, dynamic loading of new functions, and connections to artificial intelligencemore » software.« less

Schema for Spacecraft-Command Dictionary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Laubach, Sharon; Garcia, Celina; Maxwell, Scott; Wright, Jesse

2008-01-01

An Extensible Markup Language (XML) schema was developed as a means of defining and describing a structure for capturing spacecraft command- definition and tracking information in a single location in a form readable by both engineers and software used to generate software for flight and ground systems. A structure defined within this schema is then used as the basis for creating an XML file that contains command definitions.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia-Derived IL-10 Suppresses Antitumor Immunity.

PubMed

Alhakeem, Sara S; McKenna, Mary K; Oben, Karine Z; Noothi, Sunil K; Rivas, Jacqueline R; Hildebrandt, Gerhard C; Fleischman, Roger A; Rangnekar, Vivek M; Muthusamy, Natarajan; Bondada, Subbarao

2018-04-30

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients progressively develop an immunosuppressive state. CLL patients have more plasma IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, than healthy controls. In vitro human CLL cells produce IL-10 in response to BCR cross-linking. We used the transgenic Eμ-T cell leukemia oncogene-1 ( TCL1 ) mouse CLL model to study the role of IL-10 in CLL associated immunosuppression. Eμ-TCL mice spontaneously develop CLL because of a B cell-specific expression of the oncogene, TCL1. Eμ- TCL1 mouse CLL cells constitutively produce IL-10, which is further enhanced by BCR cross-linking, CLL-derived IL-10 did not directly affect survival of murine or human CLL cells in vitro. We tested the hypothesis that the CLL-derived IL-10 has a critical role in CLL disease in part by suppressing the host immune response to the CLL cells. In IL-10R -/- mice, wherein the host immune cells are unresponsive to IL-10-mediated suppressive effects, there was a significant reduction in CLL cell growth compared with wild type mice. IL-10 reduced the generation of effector CD4 and CD8 T cells. We also found that activation of BCR signaling regulated the production of IL-10 by both murine and human CLL cells. We identified the transcription factor, Sp1, as a novel regulator of IL-10 production by CLL cells and that it is regulated by BCR signaling via the Syk/MAPK pathway. Our results suggest that incorporation of IL-10 blocking agents may enhance current therapeutic regimens for CLL by potentiating host antitumor immune response. Copyright © 2018 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.

Non-anaplastic peripheral T cell lymphoma in children and adolescents-an international review of 143 cases.

PubMed

Mellgren, K; Attarbaschi, A; Abla, O; Alexander, S; Bomken, S; Bubanska, E; Chiang, A; Csóka, M; Fedorova, A; Kabickova, E; Kapuscinska-Kemblowska, L; Kobayashi, R; Krenova, Z; Meyer-Wentrup, F; Miakova, N; Pillon, M; Plat, G; Uyttebroeck, A; Williams, D; Wróbel, G; Kontny, U

2016-08-01

Peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCL) are rare in children and adolescents, and data about outcome and treatment results are scarce. The present study is a joint, international, retrospective analysis of 143 reported cases of non-anaplastic PTCL in patients <19 years of age, with a focus on treatment and outcome features. One hundred forty-three patients, between 0.3 and 18.7 years old, diagnosed between 2000 and 2015 were included in the study. PTCL not otherwise specified was the largest subgroup, followed by extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma (HS TCL), and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma (SP TCL). Probability of overall survival (pOS) at 5 years for the whole group was 0.56 ± 0.05, and probability of event-free survival was (pEFS) 0.45 ± 0.05. Patients with SP TCL had a good outcome with 5-year pOS of 0.78 ± 0.1 while patients with HS TCL were reported with 5-year pOS of only 0.13 ± 0.12. Twenty-five percent of the patients were reported to have a pre-existing condition, and this group had a dismal outcome with 5-year pOS of 0.29 ± 0.09. The distribution of non-anaplastic PTCL subtypes in pediatric and adolescent patients differs from what is reported in adult patients. Overall outcome depends on the subtype with some doing better than others. Pre-existing conditions are frequent and associated with poor outcomes. There is a clear need for subtype-based treatment recommendations for children and adolescents with PTCL.

High-performance InGaN/GaN MQW LEDs with Al-doped ZnO transparent conductive layers grown by MOCVD using H2O as an oxidizer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Jia-Yong; Pei, Yan-Li; Zhuo, Yi; Chen, Zi-Min; Hu, Rui-Qin; Cai, Guang-Shuo; Wang, Gang

2016-11-01

In this study, the high performance of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with Al-doped ZnO (AZO) transparent conductive layers (TCLs) has been demonstrated. The AZO-TCLs were fabricated on the n+-InGaN contact layer by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using H2O as an oxidizer at temperatures as low as 400 °C without any post-deposition annealing. It shows a high transparency (98%), low resistivity (510-4 Ω·cm), and an epitaxial-like excellent interface on p-GaN with an n+-InGaN contact layer. A forward voltage of 2.82 V @ 20 mA was obtained. Most importantly, the power efficiencies can be markedly improved by 53.8%@20 mA current injection and 39.6%@350 mA current injection compared with conventional LEDs with indium tin oxide TCL (LED-III), and by 28.8%@20 mA current injection and 4.92%@350 mA current injection compared with LEDs with AZO-TCL prepared by MOCVD using O2 as an oxidizer (LED-II), respectively. The results indicate that the AZO-TCL grown by MOCVD using H2O as an oxidizer is a promising TCL for a low-cost and high-efficiency GaN-based LED application. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61204091, 61404177, 51402366, and U1201254) and the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2015B010132006).

Spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV and NMR) investigation and NLO, HOMO-LUMO, NBO analysis of organic 2,4,5-trichloroaniline.

PubMed

Govindarajan, M; Karabacak, M; Periandy, S; Tanuja, D

2012-11-01

In this work, the experimental and theoretical study on the molecular structure and vibrational spectra of 2,4,5-trichloroaniline (C(6)H(4)NCl(3), abbreviated as 2,4,5-TClA) were studied. The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra were recorded. The molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies in the ground state were calculated by using the Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) methods (B3LYP) with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Comparison of the observed fundamental vibrational frequencies of 2,4,5-TClA with calculated results by HF and DFT indicates that B3LYP is superior to HF method for molecular vibrational problems. The difference between the observed and scaled wavenumber values of most of the fundamentals is very small. The theoretically predicted FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of the title molecule have been constructed. A study on the electronic properties, such as HOMO and LUMO energies, were performed by time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) approach. Besides, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and thermodynamic properties were performed. The electric dipole moment (μ) and the first hyperpolarizability (β) values of the investigated molecule were computed using ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. The calculated results also show that the 2,4,5-TClA molecule may have microscopic nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior with non-zero values. Mulliken atomic charges of 2,4,5-TClA was calculated and compared with aniline and chlorobenzene molecules. The (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated by the gauge independent atomic orbital (GIAO) method and compared with experimental results. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The role of the medial ligaments in lateral stabilization of the ankle joint: an in vitro study.

PubMed

Ziai, Pejman; Benca, Emir; Skrbensky, Gobert V; Wenzel, Florian; Auffarth, Alexander; Krpo, Selma; Windhager, Reinhard; Buchhorn, Tomas

2015-07-01

The deltoid ligament complex is known as medial stabilizer in the ankle against pronation/eversion. Lateral dual-ligament laxity often results in chronic ankle instability with recurring ankle sprain trauma. The goal of this study is to examine the lateral stabilizing role of the deltoid ligament complex against supination/inversion in case of existing lateral ligament instability. A torsion simulation was performed on 12 fresh human lower leg cadaver specimens in a loading frame and a specially designed mounting platform. The preset torsion between tibia and calcaneus was primarily set at 30° of internal rotation on specimen in plantar flexion and hindfoot inversion. The measured variable was the resisting torque recorded around mechanical tibial axis, which ensures stability in ankle sprain trauma. The first series of measurements were performed on healthy specimens and the following after transecting structures in following order: anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) in combination with calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), followed by anterior tibiotalar ligament and posterior tibiotalar ligament and finally tibiocalcaneal ligament (TCL). The combined lateral ATFL and CFL instability showed a decrease in the resisting torque, which ensures stability in ankle sprain trauma. Only a transection of TCL (superficial layer of deltoid ligament complex) with existing lateral dual-ligament instability results in a significant decrease in torque (p<0.0001). The goal of the study was to provide the orthopaedic and/or trauma surgeon with quantitative data that may be referred to the substantial stabilizing effect of TCL against supination/inversion in the ankle joint in case of repetitive sprain trauma at a present lateral ligament lesion. Diagnostics of and treatment for lateral ligament instability need to consider the deltoid ligament complex,especially TCL in clinical routine.

Application of Effective Techniques in Teaching/Learning English

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arora, Shweta; Joshi, Kavita A.; Koshy, Sonymol; Tewari, Deeksha

2017-01-01

English being a global language has become a vital element in all walks of life. The feelers of this language have left no sphere unmarked with its significance. Despite such a colossal tide for gaining command over the language it was found that the conventional pattern of teaching English language could not reap desired results. A comprehensive…

Telemetry Attributes Transfer Standard (TMATS) Handbook

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-01

Example ......................... 6-1 Appendix A. Extensible Markup Language TMATS Differences ...................................... A-1 Appendix B...return-to-zero - level TG Telemetry Group TM telemetry TMATS Telemetry Attributes Transfer Standard XML eXtensible Markup Language Telemetry... Markup Language) format. The initial version of a standard 1 Range Commanders Council. Telemetry

Language translation, doman specific languages and ANTLR

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Craymer, Loring; Parr, Terence

2002-01-01

We will discuss the features of ANTLR that make it an attractive tool for rapid developement of domain specific language translators and present some practical examples of its use: extraction of information from the Cassini Command Language specification, the processing of structured binary data, and IVL--an English-like language for generating VRML scene graph, which is used in configuring the jGuru.com server.

Economy of Command

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Medeiros, David Peter

2012-01-01

This dissertation proposes a principle of "economy of command", arguing that it provides a simple and natural explanation for some well-known properties of human language syntax. The focus is on the abstract combinatorial system that constructs the hierarchical structure of linguistic expressions, with long-distance dependencies…

Analysis and Defense of Vulnerabilities in Binary Code

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-29

language . We demonstrate our techniques by automatically generating input filters from vulnerable binary programs. vi Acknowledgments I thank my wife, family...21 2.2 The Vine Intermediate Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 ix 2.2.1 Normalized Memory...The Traditional Weakest Precondition Semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.2.1 The Guarded Command Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Corpus-Based Optimization of Language Models Derived from Unification Grammars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rayner, Manny; Hockey, Beth Ann; James, Frankie; Bratt, Harry; Bratt, Elizabeth O.; Gawron, Mark; Goldwater, Sharon; Dowding, John; Bhagat, Amrita

2000-01-01

We describe a technique which makes it feasible to improve the performance of a language model derived from a manually constructed unification grammar, using low-quality untranscribed speech data and a minimum of human annotation. The method is on a medium-vocabulary spoken language command and control task.

Man-Machine Communication in Remote Manipulation: Task-Oriented Supervisory Command Language (TOSC).

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-03-01

ORIENTED SUPERVISORY CONTROL SYSTEM METHODOLOGY 3-1 3.1 Overview 3-1 3.2 Background 3-3 3.2.1 General 3-3 3.2.2 Preliminary Principles of Command Language...Design 3-4 3.2.3 Preliminary Principles of Feedback Display Design 3-9 3.3 Man-Machine Communication Models 3-12 3.3.1 Background 3-12 3.3.2 Adapted...and feedback mode. The work ends with the presentation of a performance prediction model and a set of principles and guidelines, applicable to the

The computational structural mechanics testbed procedures manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stewart, Caroline B. (Compiler)

1991-01-01

The purpose of this manual is to document the standard high level command language procedures of the Computational Structural Mechanics (CSM) Testbed software system. A description of each procedure including its function, commands, data interface, and use is presented. This manual is designed to assist users in defining and using command procedures to perform structural analysis in the CSM Testbed User's Manual and the CSM Testbed Data Library Description.

Ada and the rapid development lifecycle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Deforrest, Lloyd; Gref, Lynn

1991-01-01

JPL is under contract, through NASA, with the US Army to develop a state-of-the-art Command Center System for the US European Command (USEUCOM). The Command Center System will receive, process, and integrate force status information from various sources and provide this integrated information to staff officers and decision makers in a format designed to enhance user comprehension and utility. The system is based on distributed workstation class microcomputers, VAX- and SUN-based data servers, and interfaces to existing military mainframe systems and communication networks. JPL is developing the Command Center System utilizing an incremental delivery methodology called the Rapid Development Methodology with adherence to government and industry standards including the UNIX operating system, X Windows, OSF/Motif, and the Ada programming language. Through a combination of software engineering techniques specific to the Ada programming language and the Rapid Development Approach, JPL was able to deliver capability to the military user incrementally, with comparable quality and improved economies of projects developed under more traditional software intensive system implementation methodologies.

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) function is important to the development and expansion of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

PubMed

Woyach, Jennifer A; Bojnik, Engin; Ruppert, Amy S; Stefanovski, Matthew R; Goettl, Virginia M; Smucker, Kelly A; Smith, Lisa L; Dubovsky, Jason A; Towns, William H; MacMurray, Jessica; Harrington, Bonnie K; Davis, Melanie E; Gobessi, Stefania; Laurenti, Luca; Chang, Betty Y; Buggy, Joseph J; Efremov, Dimitar G; Byrd, John C; Johnson, Amy J

2014-02-20

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by constitutive activation of the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway, but variable responsiveness of the BCR to antigen ligation. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) shows constitutive activity in CLL and is the target of irreversible inhibition by ibrutinib, an orally bioavailable kinase inhibitor that has shown outstanding activity in CLL. Early clinical results in CLL with other reversible and irreversible BTK inhibitors have been less promising, however, raising the question of whether BTK kinase activity is an important target of ibrutinib and also in CLL. To determine the role of BTK in CLL, we used patient samples and the Eμ-TCL1 (TCL1) transgenic mouse model of CLL, which results in spontaneous leukemia development. Inhibition of BTK in primary human CLL cells by small interfering RNA promotes apoptosis. Inhibition of BTK kinase activity through either targeted genetic inactivation or ibrutinib in the TCL1 mouse significantly delays the development of CLL, demonstrating that BTK is a critical kinase for CLL development and expansion and thus an important target of ibrutinib. Collectively, our data confirm the importance of kinase-functional BTK in CLL.

Encouraging experience in the treatment of nasal type extra-nodal NK/T-cell lymphoma in a non-Asian population.

PubMed

Qi, Shunan; Yahalom, Joachim; Hsu, Meier; Chelius, Monica; Lunning, Matthew; Moskowitz, Alison; Horwitz, Steven

2016-11-01

Extra-nodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (EN-NK/TCL-NT), is rare in the Western world. We launched the current single-institutional retrospective study with Institutional Review Board approval to better understand the disease. 43 EN-NK/TCL-NT patients treated from 1996 to 2014 were analyzed, including 10 (23%) Asians and 33 (76%) non-Asians. 19/26 (73%) early-stage patients received short-course chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. 14/17 (82%) advanced-stage patients received primary chemotherapy. Complete response rate was significantly higher in the modified-SMILE group than the accelerated-CHOP group (80% vs. 30%, p = 0.015). The 2-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 60% and 40%, respectively. Early-stage disease had significantly higher 2-year OS (87% vs. 21%) and PFS (56% vs.18%) than advanced-stage (p < 0.001). Ethnicity had no prognostic difference. EN-NK/TCL-NT in non-Asians shared similar disease characteristics and treatment outcomes with Asians. Most early-stage patients have achieved durable remissions. Management of advanced-stage disease remains challenging, with frequent progression and high mortality.

Language Development: 2 Year Olds

MedlinePlus

... Ribbon Commands Skip to main content Turn off Animations Turn on Animations Our Sponsors Log in | Register Menu Log in | ... enrich his vocabulary and language skills by making reading a part of your everyday routine. At this ...

VAPEPS user's reference manual, version 5.0

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Park, D. M.

1988-01-01

This is the reference manual for the VibroAcoustic Payload Environment Prediction System (VAPEPS). The system consists of a computer program and a vibroacoustic database. The purpose of the system is to collect measurements of vibroacoustic data taken from flight events and ground tests, and to retrieve this data and provide a means of using the data to predict future payload environments. This manual describes the operating language of the program. Topics covered include database commands, Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) prediction commands, stress prediction command, and general computational commands.

LLOGO: An Implementation of LOGO in LISP. Artificial Intelligence Memo Number 307.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldstein, Ira; And Others

LISP LOGO is a computer language invented for the beginning student of man-machine interaction. The language has the advantages of simplicity and naturalness as well as that of emphasizing the difference between programs and data. The language is based on the LOGO language and uses mnemonic syllables as commands. It can be used in conjunction with…

Solving Equations of Multibody Dynamics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jain, Abhinandan; Lim, Christopher

2007-01-01

Darts++ is a computer program for solving the equations of motion of a multibody system or of a multibody model of a dynamic system. It is intended especially for use in dynamical simulations performed in designing and analyzing, and developing software for the control of, complex mechanical systems. Darts++ is based on the Spatial-Operator- Algebra formulation for multibody dynamics. This software reads a description of a multibody system from a model data file, then constructs and implements an efficient algorithm that solves the dynamical equations of the system. The efficiency and, hence, the computational speed is sufficient to make Darts++ suitable for use in realtime closed-loop simulations. Darts++ features an object-oriented software architecture that enables reconfiguration of system topology at run time; in contrast, in related prior software, system topology is fixed during initialization. Darts++ provides an interface to scripting languages, including Tcl and Python, that enable the user to configure and interact with simulation objects at run time.

Prototyping with Application Generators: Lessons Learned from the Naval Aviation Logistics Command Management Information System Case

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-10-01

Prototyping with Application Generators: Lessons Learned from the Naval Aviation Logistics Command Management Information System Case. This study... management information system to automate manual Naval aviation maintenance tasks-NALCOMIS. With the use of a fourth-generation programming language

["Linguistitis" of medical terminology (I)].

PubMed

Høy, A

1996-12-02

A 1994/95 survey on language and terminology in emergency wards revealed a number of contradictory tendencies within today's Danish medical terminology. On the one hand, an increasing number of medical terms are nationalized. This tendency is reflected not only in intercollegial language, but also in the Danish version of the ICD-10 where a number of official diagnostic terms are casually translated into Danish or undergo various degrees of nationalization to appear as hybrids. On the other hand, knowledge of English becomes increasingly important: good passive command of the language is a must for medical students, and doctors committed to research need a good active command as well. This situation raises a number of questions: is there a need for setting up criteria for the terminology used in Danish medical literature and encyclopedia in order to avoid confusion, and for defining a language policy for future medical doctors?

Sharpening the Tip of the Spear: Preparing Special Forces Detachment Commanders for the Future

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-05-19

Persian Farsi, Korean, and Thai ) is 24 weeks long. Soldiers must successfully pass the Defense Language Proficiency Test (DLPT) by demonstrating...Brief (Fort Bragg, NC: 2007), 2. 29 real world GWOT project in coordination with one of the Theatre Special Operation Commands (TSOC).89 Weeks 13...Forces (JSOTF) with parallel major general Division commanders within theatre ? A second suggestion for future research begins with the question

Automated Sequence Processor: Something Old, Something New

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Streiffert, Barbara; Schrock, Mitchell; Fisher, Forest; Himes, Terry

2012-01-01

High productivity required for operations teams to meet schedules Risk must be minimized. Scripting used to automate processes. Scripts perform essential operations functions. Automated Sequence Processor (ASP) was a grass-roots task built to automate the command uplink process System engineering task for ASP revitalization organized. ASP is a set of approximately 200 scripts written in Perl, C Shell, AWK and other scripting languages.. ASP processes/checks/packages non-interactive commands automatically.. Non-interactive commands are guaranteed to be safe and have been checked by hardware or software simulators.. ASP checks that commands are non-interactive.. ASP processes the commands through a command. simulator and then packages them if there are no errors.. ASP must be active 24 hours/day, 7 days/week..

The Four Pillars of Communication: Language Skills of Prospective Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jose, G. Rexlin; Raja, B. William Dharma

2011-01-01

Language is an effective tool of human communication system. It is the basis for social, cultural, aesthetical, spiritual and economic development and growth of every human being. It is the destiny of any professional who is hardly in need of an excellent command over English language. Every organization demands effective and excellent…

Language Programs at Villababel High: Rethinking Ideologies of Social Inclusion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mijares, Laura; Relano Pastor, Ana M.

2011-01-01

This article explores language ideologies underlying two language programs implemented in one secondary school in Madrid (Spain). The Spanish for newcomers immersion program ("Aula de Enlace") is aimed at immigrant origin students who do not know or have a poor command of Spanish; and the Spanish-English bilingual program targets…

Conference Report: Cultural and Linguistic Advancement for Mission Success: Enhancing Language, Regional and Cultural Capabilities Across Whole of Government for an Effective COIN Strategy

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-01

together than either would individually. Dr. Mahir J . Ibrahimov, Senior Culture and Foreign Language Advisor US Army Training Doctrine and Command...combination of culture and foreign language capabilities to facilitate full spectrum operations. Dr. Kathleen Evans- Romaine , Director Critical

Analysis of Spoken Narratives in a Marathi-Hindi-English Multilingual Aphasic Patient

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karbhari-Adhyaru, Medha

2010-01-01

In a multilingual country such as India, the probability that clinicians may not have command over different languages used by aphasic patients is very high. Since formal tests in different languages are limited, assessment of people from diverse linguistic backgrounds presents speech- language pathologists with many challenges. With a view to…

Politeness Pays. Creativity: New Ideas in Language Teaching, No. 15.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gomes de Matos, F.

Politeness is discussed as an integral part of human conversational interaction. Awareness of politeness is important to understanding proper language usage. Several sentences may perform the same function but vary in tone from a command to an extremely polite request. Foreign language instruction should expose learners to politeness and the…

Using "Total Physical Response" with Young Learners in Oman

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Al Harrasi, Kothar Talib Sulaiman

2014-01-01

Among several approaches to teaching and learning a foreign language, Total Physical Response, or TPR, is one that simulates the way children naturally acquire their mother tongue. Instructors give commands to students in the new language, and students respond through gestures. This article showcases a language learning project that the Ministry…

Integrating Computer-Assisted Translation Tools into Language Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fernández-Parra, María

2016-01-01

Although Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) tools play an important role in the curriculum in many university translator training programmes, they are seldom used in the context of learning a language, as a good command of a language is needed before starting to translate. Since many institutions often have translator-training programmes as well…

LABORATORY PROCESS CONTROLLER USING NATURAL LANGUAGE COMMANDS FROM A PERSONAL COMPUTER

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Will, H.

1994-01-01

The complex environment of the typical research laboratory requires flexible process control. This program provides natural language process control from an IBM PC or compatible machine. Sometimes process control schedules require changes frequently, even several times per day. These changes may include adding, deleting, and rearranging steps in a process. This program sets up a process control system that can either run without an operator, or be run by workers with limited programming skills. The software system includes three programs. Two of the programs, written in FORTRAN77, record data and control research processes. The third program, written in Pascal, generates the FORTRAN subroutines used by the other two programs to identify the user commands with the user-written device drivers. The software system also includes an input data set which allows the user to define the user commands which are to be executed by the computer. To set the system up the operator writes device driver routines for all of the controlled devices. Once set up, this system requires only an input file containing natural language command lines which tell the system what to do and when to do it. The operator can make up custom commands for operating and taking data from external research equipment at any time of the day or night without the operator in attendance. This process control system requires a personal computer operating under MS-DOS with suitable hardware interfaces to all controlled devices. The program requires a FORTRAN77 compiler and user-written device drivers. This program was developed in 1989 and has a memory requirement of about 62 Kbytes.

Automated constraint checking of spacecraft command sequences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Horvath, Joan C.; Alkalaj, Leon J.; Schneider, Karl M.; Spitale, Joseph M.; Le, Dang

1995-01-01

Robotic spacecraft are controlled by onboard sets of commands called "sequences." Determining that sequences will have the desired effect on the spacecraft can be expensive in terms of both labor and computer coding time, with different particular costs for different types of spacecraft. Specification languages and appropriate user interface to the languages can be used to make the most effective use of engineering validation time. This paper describes one specification and verification environment ("SAVE") designed for validating that command sequences have not violated any flight rules. This SAVE system was subsequently adapted for flight use on the TOPEX/Poseidon spacecraft. The relationship of this work to rule-based artificial intelligence and to other specification techniques is discussed, as well as the issues that arise in the transfer of technology from a research prototype to a full flight system.

An Evaluation of Two Short Vietnamese Language Courses. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abrams, Alvin J.; Pickering, Edward J.

The Commander Naval Amphibious School is responsible for the Vietnamese language training of certain naval officer and enlisted personnel who are enroute to assignments in Vietnam. Courses of two and six weeks are offered; they were designed to meet the language needs of river boat crewmen and advisors. The Navy Training Research Laboratory was…

UNIX as an environment for producing numerical software

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schryer, N. L.

1978-01-01

The UNIX operating system supports a number of software tools; a mathematical equation-setting language, a phototypesetting language, a FORTRAN preprocessor language, a text editor, and a command interpreter. The design, implementation, documentation, and maintenance of a portable FORTRAN test of the floating-point arithmetic unit of a computer is used to illustrate these tools at work.

Instrumentation Hardware Abstraction Language (IHAL) Handbook

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-01-01

1-1 1.1 The Range Commanders Council (RCC) and IHAL ....................................................... 1-1 1.2 Problem Description ...1-5 1.3.1 IHAL as a Description Language...Figure 2-6. Generic IHAL Device Schema Diagram ............................................................. 2-7 Figure 2-7. Device Description Schema

Battle Management Language Transformations

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-01

Simulation (M&S) systems. Battlefield Management Language (BML) is being developed as a common representation of military mission suitable for automated ... processing . Within NATO the task group MSG-048 Coalition BML is defining a BML using the Joint Command, Control and Consultation Information Exchange

BCI Performance and Brain Metabolism Profile in Severely Brain-Injured Patients Without Response to Command at Bedside.

PubMed

Annen, Jitka; Blandiaux, Séverine; Lejeune, Nicolas; Bahri, Mohamed A; Thibaut, Aurore; Cho, Woosang; Guger, Christoph; Chatelle, Camille; Laureys, Steven

2018-01-01

Detection and interpretation of signs of "covert command following" in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) remains a challenge for clinicians. In this study, we used a tactile P3-based BCI in 12 patients without behavioral command following, attempting to establish "covert command following." These results were then confronted to cerebral metabolism preservation as measured with glucose PET (FDG-PET). One patient showed "covert command following" (i.e., above-threshold BCI performance) during the active tactile paradigm. This patient also showed a higher cerebral glucose metabolism within the language network (presumably required for command following) when compared with the other patients without "covert command-following" but having a cerebral glucose metabolism indicative of minimally conscious state. Our results suggest that the P3-based BCI might probe "covert command following" in patients without behavioral response to command and therefore could be a valuable addition in the clinical assessment of patients with DOC.

Percutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Carpal Tunnel Release: Study Upon Clinical Efficacy and Safety

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Petrover, David, E-mail: dpetrover@yahoo.fr; Silvera, Jonathan, E-mail: silvera.jonathan@gmail.com; Baere, Thierry De, E-mail: Debaere@igr.fr

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility and 6 months clinical result of sectioning of the transverse carpal ligament (TCL) and median nerve decompression after ultra-minimally invasive, ultrasound-guided percutaneous carpal tunnel release (PCTR) surgery.MethodsConsecutive patients with carpal tunnel syndrome were enrolled in this descriptive, open-label study. The procedure was performed in the interventional radiology room. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at baseline and 1 month. The Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire was administered at baseline, 1, and 6 months.Results129 patients were enrolled. Significant decreases in mean symptom severity scores (3.3 ± 0.7 at baseline, 1.7 ± 0.4 at Month 1, 1.3 ± 0.3 at Month 6) and mean functional status scores (2.6 ± 1.1 atmore » baseline, 1.6 ± 0.4 at Month 1, 1.3 ± 0.5 at Month 6) were noted. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a complete section of all TCL and nerve decompression in 100% of patients. No complications were identified.ConclusionsUltrasound-guided PCTR was used successfully to section the TCL, decompress the median nerve, and reduce self-reported symptoms.« less

Expression Analysis of an R3-Type MYB Transcription Factor CPC-LIKE MYB4 (TRICHOMELESS2) and CPL4-Related Transcripts in Arabidopsis

PubMed Central

Tominaga-Wada, Rumi; Nukumizu, Yuka

2012-01-01

The CAPRICE (CPC)-like MYB gene family encodes R3-type MYB transcription factors in Arabidopsis. There are six additional CPC-like MYB sequences in the Arabidopsis genome, including TRYPTICHON (TRY), ENHANCER OF TRY AND CPC1 and 2 (ETC1 and ETC2), ENHANCER OF TRY AND CPC3/CPC-LIKE MYB3 (ETC3/CPL3), and TRICHOMELESS1 and 2 (TCL1 and TCL2). We independently identified CPC-LIKE MYB4 (CPL4), which was found to be identical to TCL2. RT-PCR analysis showed that CPL4 is strongly expressed in shoots, including true leaves, but not in roots. Promoter-GUS analyses indicated that CPL4 is specifically expressed in leaf blades. Although CPC expression was repressed in 35S::ETC1, 35S::ETC2 and 35S::CPL3 backgrounds, CPL4 expression was not affected by ETC1, ETC2 or CPL3 over-expression. Notably, several chimeric transcripts may result from inter-genic alternative splicing of CPL4 and ETC2, two tandemly repeated genes on chromosome II. At least two chimeric transcripts named CPL4-α and CPL4-β are expected to encode complete CPC-like MYB proteins. PMID:22489163

Application of scl - pbl method to increase quality learning of industrial statistics course in department of industrial engineering pancasila university

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Darmawan, M.; Hidayah, N. Y.

2017-12-01

Currently, there has been a change of new paradigm in the learning model in college, ie from Teacher Centered Learning (TCL) model to Student Centered Learing (SCL). It is generally assumed that the SCL model is better than the TCL model. The Courses of 2nd Industrial Statistics in the Department Industrial Engineering Pancasila University is the subject that belongs to the Basic Engineering group. So far, the applied learning model refers more to the TCL model, and field facts show that the learning outcomes are less satisfactory. Of the three consecutive semesters, ie even semester 2013/2014, 2014/2015, and 2015/2016 obtained grade average is equal to 56.0; 61.1, and 60.5. In the even semester of 2016/2017, Classroom Action Research (CAR) is conducted for this course through the implementation of SCL model with Problem Based Learning (PBL) methods. The hypothesis proposed is that the SCL-PBL model will be able to improve the final grade of the course. The results shows that the average grade of the course can be increased to 73.27. This value was then tested using the ANOVA and the test results concluded that the average grade was significantly different from the average grade value in the previous three semesters.

Autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic cell transplantation in dogs with T-cell lymphoma.

PubMed

Warry, E E; Willcox, J L; Suter, S E

2014-01-01

Peripheral blood hematopoietic cell transplantation (PBHCT) is a feasible treatment option for dogs with B-cell lymphoma. To examine apheresis and PBHCT outcomes in dogs diagnosed with T-cell lymphoma (TCL). Fifteen client-owned dogs diagnosed with high-grade TCL. After high-dose cyclophosphamide and rhG-colony-stimulating (rhG-CSF) factor treatment, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected using cell separators. The harvested cells then were infused after varying doses of total body irradiation (TBI). Postirradiation adverse effects were managed symptomatically and dogs were discharged upon evidence of hematopoietic engraftment. More than 2 × 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg were harvested from 15/15 dogs. Thirteen of 15 (87%) dogs engrafted appropriately, whereas 2 (13%) of the dogs died in the hospital. One dog developed cutaneous B-cell lymphoma 120 days post-PBHCT. The median disease-free interval and overall survival (OS) of the 13 dogs transplanted in first remission from the time of PBHCT were 184 and 240 days, respectively. Stage and substage of disease at diagnosis had no effect on OS. Two of 13 (15%) dogs were alive 741 and 772 days post-PBHCT. PBHCT may be considered as a treatment option for dogs with TCL. Copyright © 2014 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

Activity of the PI3K-δ,γ inhibitor duvelisib in a phase 1 trial and preclinical models of T-cell lymphoma.

PubMed

Horwitz, Steven M; Koch, Raphael; Porcu, Pierluigi; Oki, Yasuhiro; Moskowitz, Alison; Perez, Megan; Myskowski, Patricia; Officer, Adam; Jaffe, Jacob D; Morrow, Sara N; Allen, Kerstin; Douglas, Mark; Stern, Howard; Sweeney, Jennifer; Kelly, Patrick; Kelly, Virginia; Aster, Jon C; Weaver, David; Foss, Francine M; Weinstock, David M

2018-02-22

Duvelisib (IPI-145) is an oral inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-δ/γ isoforms currently in clinical development. PI3K-δ/γ inhibition may directly inhibit malignant T-cell growth, making duvelisib a promising candidate for patients with peripheral (PTCL) or cutaneous (CTCL) T-cell lymphoma. Inhibition of either isoform may also contribute to clinical responses by modulating nonmalignant immune cells. We investigated these dual effects in a TCL cohort from a phase 1, open-label study of duvelisib in patients with relapsed or refractory PTCL (n = 16) and CTCL (n = 19), along with in vitro and in vivo models of TCL. The overall response rates in patients with PTCL and CTCL were 50.0% and 31.6%, respectively ( P = .32). There were 3 complete responses, all among patients with PTCL. Activity was seen across a wide spectrum of subtypes. The most frequently observed grade 3 and 4 adverse events were transaminase increases (40% alanine aminotransferase, 17% aspartate aminotransferase), maculopapular rash (17%), and neutropenia (17%). Responders and nonresponders had markedly different changes in serum cytokine profiles induced by duvelisib. In vitro, duvelisib potently killed 3 of 4 TCL lines with constitutive phospho-AKT (pAKT) vs 0 of 7 lines lacking pAKT ( P = .024) and exceeded cell killing by the PI3K-δ-specific inhibitor idelalisib. Administration of duvelisib to mice engrafted with a PTCL patient-derived xenograft resulted in a shift among tumor-associated macrophages from the immunosuppressive M2-like phenotype to the inflammatory M1-like phenotype. In summary, duvelisib demonstrated promising clinical activity and an acceptable safety profile in relapsed/refractory TCL, as well as preclinical evidence of both tumor cell-autonomous and immune-mediated effects. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01476657. © 2018 by The American Society of Hematology.

United States Special Operations Command’s Foreign Language Proficiency Bonus at ILR 1/1+: Initial Review and Recommended Changes to Improve Results and Lower Cost

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-10-01

to be useful for proficiency development, and with the limited research available, Doughty found that instructed language learners moved further...absolute speaking proficiency in languages taught at the Foreign Service Institute. Arlington, VA: Author. SOFLO Support Project USSOCOM’s Foreign...on language and linguistics 1999: Language in our time: Bilingual education and official English , ebonics and standard English , immigration and the Unz

Stability of Core Language Skill across the First Decade of Life in Children at Biological and Social Risk

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bornstein, Marc H.; Hahn, Chun-Shin; Putnick, Diane L.

2016-01-01

Background: Command of language is a fundamental skill, a cornerstone of multiple cognitive and socioemotional aspects of development, and a necessary ingredient of successful adjustment and functioning in society. Little is known about the developmental stability of language in at-risk youth or which biological and social risk factors moderate…

Teaching English Language at SSC Level in Private Non-Elite Schools in Pakistan: Practices and Problems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fareed, Muhammad; Jawed, Saniya; Awan, Sidra

2018-01-01

English language is taught as a compulsory subject up to graduate level in Pakistani educational system. Despite studying English for over 14 years, majority of students coming from non-elite schools, lack required command in English language skills to pursue their higher education and professional careers. With this background in mind, the…

Combat Literacy: Creating a Command Climate With Greater Appreciation for the Operational Role of Foreign Language

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-10-23

language and culture of the battle space is critical to effective operational design. Analysis of steps taken by the U.S. military to provide the...advocacy. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Foreign Language, Culture , Linguists, Interpreters, Translators, Training, Situational Awareness 16. SECURITY...DIRECTION 10 CHANGING THE CULTURE 12 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 16 NOTES 18 BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Politics of ESOL (English for Speakers of Other Languages): Implications for Citizenship and Social Justice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Han, Christine; Starkey, Hugh; Green, Andy

2010-01-01

A number of countries in Europe, including the UK, have adopted language and citizenship tests or courses as a requirement for granting citizenship to immigrants. To acquire citizenship, immigrants to the UK must pass a test on British society and culture, or demonstrate progress in the English language. For those with an insufficient command of…

Knowledge acquisition and representation for the Systems Test and Operations Language (STOL) Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seamster, Thomas L.; Eike, David R.; Ames, Troy J.

1990-01-01

This presentation concentrates on knowledge acquisition and its application to the development of an expert module and a user interface for an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS). The Systems Test and Operations Language (STOL) ITS is being developed to assist NASA control center personnel in learning a command and control language as it is used in mission operations rooms. The objective of the tutor is to impart knowledge and skills that will permit the trainee to solve command and control problems in the same way that the STOL expert solves those problems. The STOL ITS will achieve this object by representing the solution space in such a way that the trainee can visualize the intermediate steps, and by having the expert module production rules parallel the STOL expert's knowledge structures.

A Comparative Study of PDF Generation Methods: Measuring Loss of Fidelity When Converting Arabic and Persian MS Word Files to PDF

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-17

document objects, on one or more electronic document pages. These commands have their roots in typography , so, to understand the PDF Language, one...must have at least a rudimentary understanding of typography . Only a few of the typographic commands, called text showing operators, can hold strings

Kanienkehaka Tiontenientenstakwa [Mohawk Guide Book]. Activities and Games.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Steele, Catherine; And Others

This collection of activities and games is a supplement to "The Language Guide for Elementary Mohawk." These activities and games provide additional classroom practice for the topical language components in the companion book. The vocabulary encompasses names, singular commands, colors, numbers, foods, animals, clothing, household,…

Teaching French via Driver Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berwald, Jean-Pierre

1980-01-01

Driver instruction through the medium of a foreign language is useful in teaching vocabulary, grammar, and culture. The maps, driving manuals, and cars stimulate discussion and communication. Course techniques can include Asher's concept of Total Physical Response wherein students act in response to commands in the foreign language. (PMJ)

Life of an Idea: DLIFLC Annual Program Review.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Woytak, Lidia

1999-01-01

Discusses the Defense Language Institute's Foreign Language Center's (DLIFLC) annual program review. Representatives from the Army, Air Force, Marine Corps, HQ TRADOC, National Security Agency, Defense Intelligence Agency, and the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Command, Control, Communication, and Intelligence met to discuss…

The Design of SimpleITK.

PubMed

Lowekamp, Bradley C; Chen, David T; Ibáñez, Luis; Blezek, Daniel

2013-01-01

SimpleITK is a new interface to the Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK) designed to facilitate rapid prototyping, education and scientific activities via high level programming languages. ITK is a templated C++ library of image processing algorithms and frameworks for biomedical and other applications, and it was designed to be generic, flexible and extensible. Initially, ITK provided a direct wrapping interface to languages such as Python and Tcl through the WrapITK system. Unlike WrapITK, which exposed ITK's complex templated interface, SimpleITK was designed to provide an easy to use and simplified interface to ITK's algorithms. It includes procedural methods, hides ITK's demand driven pipeline, and provides a template-less layer. Also SimpleITK provides practical conveniences such as binary distribution packages and overloaded operators. Our user-friendly design goals dictated a departure from the direct interface wrapping approach of WrapITK, toward a new facade class structure that only exposes the required functionality, hiding ITK's extensive template use. Internally SimpleITK utilizes a manual description of each filter with code-generation and advanced C++ meta-programming to provide the higher-level interface, bringing the capabilities of ITK to a wider audience. SimpleITK is licensed as open source software library under the Apache License Version 2.0 and more information about downloading it can be found at http://www.simpleitk.org.

A new programming metaphor for image processing procedures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smirnov, O. M.; Piskunov, N. E.

1992-01-01

Most image processing systems, besides an Application Program Interface (API) which lets users write their own image processing programs, also feature a higher level of programmability. Traditionally, this is a command or macro language, which can be used to build large procedures (scripts) out of simple programs or commands. This approach, a legacy of the teletypewriter has serious drawbacks. A command language is clumsy when (and if! it attempts to utilize the capabilities of a multitasking or multiprocessor environment, it is but adequate for real-time data acquisition and processing, it has a fairly steep learning curve, and the user interface is very inefficient,. especially when compared to a graphical user interface (GUI) that systems running under Xll or Windows should otherwise be able to provide. ll these difficulties stem from one basic problem: a command language is not a natural metaphor for an image processing procedure. A more natural metaphor - an image processing factory is described in detail. A factory is a set of programs (applications) that execute separate operations on images, connected by pipes that carry data (images and parameters) between them. The programs function concurrently, processing images as they arrive along pipes, and querying the user for whatever other input they need. From the user's point of view, programming (constructing) factories is a lot like playing with LEGO blocks - much more intuitive than writing scripts. Focus is on some of the difficulties of implementing factory support, most notably the design of an appropriate API. It also shows that factories retain all the functionality of a command language (including loops and conditional branches), while suffering from none of the drawbacks outlined above. Other benefits of factory programming include self-tuning factories and the process of encapsulation, which lets a factory take the shape of a standard application both from the system and the user's point of view, and thus be used as a component of other factories. A bare-bones prototype of factory programming was implemented under the PcIPS image processing system, and a complete version (on a multitasking platform) is under development.

Arabidopsis LEAFY COTYLEDON1 controls cell fate determination during post-embryonic development

PubMed Central

Huang, Mingkun; Hu, Yilong; Liu, Xu; Li, Yuge; Hou, Xingliang

2015-01-01

Arabidopsis LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) transcription factor is a master regulator that shapes plant embryo development and post-embryonic seedling establishment. Loss-of-function of LEC1 alters the cotyledon identity, causing the formation of ectopic trichomes, which does not occur in wild-type seedlings, implying that LEC1 might regulate embryonic cell fate determination during post-embryonic development. To test this hypothesis, we compared the expression of trichome development-related genes between the wild-type and the lec1 mutant. We observed that transcripts of GLABROUS1 (GL1), GL2, and GL3, genes encoding the positive regulators in trichome development, were significantly upregulated, while the TRICHOMELESS1 (TCL2), ENHANCER OF TRY AND CPC1 (ETC1), and ETC2 genes, encoding the negative regulators in trichome development, were downregulated in the lec1 mutant. Furthermore, overexpression of LEC1 activated the expressions of TCL2, CAPPICE (CPC), and ETC1, resulting in production of cotyledonary leaves with no or fewer trichomes during vegetative development. In addition, we demonstrated that LEC1 interacts with TCL2 in yeast and in vitro. A genetic experiment showed that loss-of-function of GL2 rescued the ectopic trichome formation in the lec1 mutant. These findings strongly support that LEC1 regulates trichome development, providing direct evidence for the role of LEC1 in cell fate determination during post-embryonic development. PMID:26579186

Commanding and Controlling Satellite Clusters (IEEE Intelligent Systems, November/December 2000)

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-01-01

real - time operating system , a message-passing OS well suited for distributed...ground Flight processors ObjectAgent RTOS SCL RTOS RDMS Space command language Real - time operating system Rational database management system TS-21 RDMS...engineer with Princeton Satellite Systems. She is working with others to develop ObjectAgent software to run on the OSE Real Time Operating System .

Critical Thinking: Thinking with Concepts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elder, Linda; Paul, Richard

2001-01-01

Urges education to help students learn through conceptual thinking. States that the first step must be to teach the subtleties of words--without a command of the language, important discriminations can be confused. Asserts that if students are to think well conceptually, surface language must dissolve, and alternative ways to communicate must be…

"Please Teach America": Keisuke's Journey into a Language Community.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gunkel, Jean

1991-01-01

Shows how being part of a group of children interacting in a literate environment for one school year empowered a fourth grade Japanese student not only to improve dramatically his command of the English language but also to feel good about himself as he worked hard to do so. (MG)

LANGUAGE TEACHING WITH CARTOONS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

FLEMING, GERALD

SHORT WELL-MADE CARTOONS, CAREFULLY MATCHED TO ORAL AND WRITTEN TEXTS, COMMAND THE LANGUAGE STUDENT'S ATTENTION BECAUSE OF THEIR NOVELTY AND MULTISENSORY APPEAL. THEY ARE ALSO IDEAL VEHICLES FOR THE DYNAMIC PRESENTATION OF EVERYDAY SITUATIONS WHICH CAN SERVE AS SETTINGS FOR NORMAL SPEECH PATTERNS. THESE FOUR-MINUTE CARTOONS LEND THEMSELVES TO A…

A Text Knowledge Base from the AI Handbook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simmons, Robert F.

1987-01-01

Describes a prototype natural language text knowledge system (TKS) that was used to organize 50 pages of a handbook on artificial intelligence as an inferential knowledge base with natural language query and command capabilities. Representation of text, database navigation, query systems, discourse structuring, and future research needs are…

Teaching Conversations with the XDS Sigma 7. Systems Description.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bork, Alfred M.; Mosmann, Charles

Some computers permit conventional programing languages to be extended by the use of macro-instructions, a sophisticated programing tool which is especially useful in writing instructional dialogs. Macro-instructions (or "macro's") are complex commands defined in terms of the machine language or other macro-instructions. Like terms in…

Integration Framework for Heterogeneous Analysis Components: Building a Context Aware Virtual Analyst

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-11-01

understands commands) modes are supported. By default, Julius comes with the Japanese language support. English acoustic and language models are...GUI, natura atar represent gue managem s the activitie ystem to und ry that suppo the Dialogu der to call arning (ML) learning ca r and feedb

Human task animation from performance models and natural language input

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Esakov, Jeffrey; Badler, Norman I.; Jung, Moon

1989-01-01

Graphical manipulation of human figures is essential for certain types of human factors analyses such as reach, clearance, fit, and view. In many situations, however, the animation of simulated people performing various tasks may be based on more complicated functions involving multiple simultaneous reaches, critical timing, resource availability, and human performance capabilities. One rather effective means for creating such a simulation is through a natural language description of the tasks to be carried out. Given an anthropometrically-sized figure and a geometric workplace environment, various simple actions such as reach, turn, and view can be effectively controlled from language commands or standard NASA checklist procedures. The commands may also be generated by external simulation tools. Task timing is determined from actual performance models, if available, such as strength models or Fitts' Law. The resulting action specification are animated on a Silicon Graphics Iris workstation in real-time.

A highly efficient protocol for micropropagation of Begonia tuberous.

PubMed

Duong, Tan Nhut; Nguyen, Thanh Hai; Mai, Xuan Phan

2010-01-01

A protocol for micropropagation of begonia was established utilizing a thin cell layer (TCL) system. This system has been employed to produce several thousand shoots per sample. Explant size and position, and plant growth regulators (PGRs) contribute to the tissue morphogenesis. By optimizing the size of the tissue and applying an improved selection procedure, shoots were elongated in 8 weeks of culture, with an average number of 210 +/- 9.7 shoots per segment. This system has facilitated a number of studies using TCL as a model for micropropagation and will enable the large-scale production of begonia. On an average, the best treatment would allow production of about 10,000 plantlets by the micropropagation of the axillary buds of one plant with five petioles, within a period of 8 months.

Measurement Uncertainty Budget of the PMV Thermal Comfort Equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ekici, Can

2016-05-01

Fanger's predicted mean vote (PMV) equation is the result of the combined quantitative effects of the air temperature, mean radiant temperature, air velocity, humidity activity level and clothing thermal resistance. PMV is a mathematical model of thermal comfort which was developed by Fanger. The uncertainty budget of the PMV equation was developed according to GUM in this study. An example is given for the uncertainty model of PMV in the exemplification section of the study. Sensitivity coefficients were derived from the PMV equation. Uncertainty budgets can be seen in the tables. A mathematical model of the sensitivity coefficients of Ta, hc, T_{mrt}, T_{cl}, and Pa is given in this study. And the uncertainty budgets for hc, T_{cl}, and Pa are given in this study.

How Can the International Community Reading at Levels 0.0-4.0 in English Be Prepared for Skilled Professions in Fields Where a Command of the English Language Is Essential?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sainz, JoAnn; Biggins, Catherine M.

A universal language is needed whereby the international community can communicate in professions of common concern, and English is such a world language. Preparing the international community to read at functionally literate levels in English will strengthen and facilitate international trade. For career education purposes, a close link between…

Integration of an expert system into a user interface language demonstration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stclair, D. C.

1986-01-01

The need for a User Interface Language (UIL) has been recognized by the Space Station Program Office as a necessary tool to aid in minimizing the cost of software generation by multiple users. Previous history in the Space Shuttle Program has shown that many different areas of software generation, such as operations, integration, testing, etc., have each used a different user command language although the types of operations being performed were similar in many respects. Since the Space Station represents a much more complex software task, a common user command language--a user interface language--is required to support the large spectrum of space station software developers and users. To assist in the selection of an appropriate set of definitions for a UIL, a series of demonstration programs was generated with which to test UIL concepts against specific Space Station scenarios using operators for the astronaut and scientific community. Because of the importance of expert system in the space station, it was decided that an expert system should be embedded in the UIL. This would not only provide insight into the UIL components required but would indicate the effectiveness with which an expert system could function in such an environment.

An overview of software design languages. [for Galileo spacecraft Command and Data Subsystems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Callender, E. D.

1980-01-01

The nature and use of design languages and associated processors that are used in software development are reviewed with reference to development work on the Galileo spacecraft project, a Jupiter orbiter scheduled for launch in 1984. The major design steps are identified (functional design, architectural design, detailed design, coding, and testing), and the purpose, functions and the range of applications of design languages are examined. Then the general character of any design language is analyzed in terms of syntax and semantics. Finally, the differences and similarities between design languages are illustrated by examining two specific design languages: Software Design and Documentation language and Problem Statement Language/Problem Statement Analyzer.

Aleut Dictionary (Unangam Tunudgusii). An Unabridged Lexicon of the Aleutian, Pribilof, and Commander Islands Aleut Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bergsland, Knut, Comp.

This comprehensive dictionary draws on ethnographic and linguistic work of the Aleut language and culture dating to 1745. An introductory section explains the dictionary's format, offers a brief historical survey, and contains notes on Aleut phonology and orthography, dialectal differences and developments, Eskimo-Aleut phonological…

Surveying Language Attitudes and Practices in Latvia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Priedite, Aija

2005-01-01

As a heritage from the Soviet period (1945-1991) about 500,000-700,000 (mostly Russophone) persons (military persons, workers and others) lived in Latvia with little or no command of Latvian. During the same period, the Russian language had replaced Latvian in the public administration. Following the restitution of independence in 1991, one of the…

Merging a Metalinguistic Grammar Approach with L2 Academic Process Writing: ELLs in Community College

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Camhi, Paul J.; Ebsworth, Miriam Eisenstein

2008-01-01

This action research study evaluates a classroom approach incorporating a reflective, metacognitive component within a second language process-oriented writing environment. Inspired by the literature and developed by the first author, this approach seeks to provide English language learners (ELLs) with a command of metalinguistic principles…

Review of "Teaching Language Minority Students in the Multicultural Classroom," by Robin Scarcella.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ernst, Gisela

1993-01-01

Reviews a book that thoroughly synthesizes information about the education of students who, although placed in regular English-speaking classrooms, do not have a thorough command of English. Based upon the 11 themes that guide the chapters, a coherent framework is developed for teachers working with language minority students. (TD)

Phase II Final Report on an Intelligent Tutoring System for Teaching Battlefield Command Reasoning Skills

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-03-01

and current work is that most developers see unstructured language input as a useful complement to a Socratic tutoring approach. The general...demonstrating the possibility of Socratic tactical tutoring, led us , during the second half of our Phase II effort, away from unrestricted natural language ... language use . This often leads to faster, more useful processing, that is robust in the face of real-world input (ungrammatical, misspelled, or

Options for Meeting U.S. Navy Foreign Language and Cultural Expertise Requirements in the Post 9/11 Security Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-01

inquire about weather or sea conditions or inspect vessels. Higher-level language skills, especially those associated with the art of diplomacy...and Schools, and since 2002 has conferred Associates of Arts in Foreign Language (AA/FL) Degrees upon resident students who successfully complete all...Specialist (RP), Machinery Repairman (MR), Gas Turbine System Technician (GS), Culinary Specialist (CS), Naval Aircrewman (AW), and Command Master Chief

Controlling of water collection ability by an elasticity-regulated bioinspired fiber.

PubMed

Wang, Sijie; Feng, Shile; Hou, Yongping; Zheng, Yongmei

2015-03-01

A special artificial spider silk is presented which is fabricated by using both an elastic polymer and a fiber, and the water collection behavior is investigated. Through exerting tension in varying degree, the length of the three-phase contact line (TCL) and the area of spindle knot can be regulated readily, which makes a great contribution to the improvement of collecting efficiency and water-hanging ability. The water-hanging ability can be predicted at a given stretching ratio according to the given expression of the TCL. As a result, liquid capture or release of distinct measure can be achieved via exerting tension. This research is helpful to design smart materials for developing applications in fogwater collection, dehumidification, high-efficiency humidity control, and controllable adhesion. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Biomechanical evaluation of native acromioclavicular joint ligaments and two reconstruction techniques in the presence of the sternoclavicular joint: A cadaver study.

PubMed

Masionis, Povilas; Šatkauskas, Igoris; Mikelevičius, Vytautas; Ryliškis, Sigitas; Bučinskas, Vytautas; Griškevičius, Julius; Martin Oliva, Xavier; Monzó Planella, Mariano; Porvaneckas, Narūnas; Uvarovas, Valentinas

2017-01-01

Where is over 100 reconstruction techniques described for acromioclavicular (AC) joint reconstruction. Although, it is not clear whether the presence of the sternoclavicular (SC) joint influences the biomechanical properties of native AC ligaments and reconstruction techniques. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the biomechanical properties of native AC joint ligaments and two reconstruction techniques in cadavers with the SC joint still present. We tested eight fresh-frozen cadaver hemithoraces for superior translation (70 N load) and translation increment after 1000 cycles (loading from 20 to 70 N) in a controlled laboratory study. There were three testing groups created: native ligaments, the single coracoclavicular loop (SCL) technique, and the two coracoclavicular loops (TCL) technique. Superior translation was measured after static loading. Translation increment was calculated as the difference between superior translation after cyclic and static loading. Native AC ligaments showed significantly lower translation than the SCL ( p = 0.023) and TCL ( p = 0.046) groups. The SCL had a significantly lower translation increment than native AC ligaments ( p = 0.028). There was no significant difference between reconstruction techniques in terms of translation ( p = 0.865) and translation increment ( p = 0.113). Native AC joint ligaments had better static properties than both reconstruction techniques and worse dynamic biomechanical properties than the SCL technique. The SCL technique appeared to be more secure than the TCL technique. The presence of the SC joint did not have an observable influence on test results.

Compatibility of an FeCrAl alloy with flowing Pb-Li in a thermal convection loop

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pawel, Steven J.; Unocic, Kinga A.

2017-08-01

A mono-metallic thermal convection loop (TCL) fabricated from alloy APMT (Fe21Cr5Al3Mo) tubing and filled with 0.025 m long tensile specimens of the same alloy was operated continuously for 1000 h with commercially pure Pb-17 at.%Li (Pb-Li) at a peak temperature of 550 ± 1.5 °C and a temperature gradient of ∼116 °C. The resulting Pb-Li flow rate was ∼0.0067 m/s. A 1050 °C pre-oxidation treatment (to form an external alumina scale) given to most specimens exposed within the TCL decreased total mass loss by a factor of 3-30 compared to adjacent specimens that were not pre-oxidized. However, all specimens exposed above 500 °C lost mass suggesting that the alumina scale was not entirely stable in flowing Pb-Li at these temperatures. Post-exposure room temperature tensile tests indicated that the mechanical properties of APMT were substantially influenced by extended exposures in the range of 435-490 °C, which caused an increase in yield strength (∼65%) and a corresponding decrease in ductility associated with α‧ embrittlement. Specimens annealed in argon at the same temperature exhibited identical changes without exposure to Pb-Li. Scanning transmission electron microscopy revealed Cr-clusters within the microstructure in specimens exposed in the low temperature regions (<490 °C) of the TCL, indicating the formation of α‧ consistent with the mechanism of α‧ embrittlement.

SIMPSON: A General Simulation Program for Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bak, Mads; Rasmussen, Jimmy T.; Nielsen, Niels Chr.

2000-12-01

A computer program for fast and accurate numerical simulation of solid-state NMR experiments is described. The program is designed to emulate a NMR spectrometer by letting the user specify high-level NMR concepts such as spin systems, nuclear spin interactions, RF irradiation, free precession, phase cycling, coherence-order filtering, and implicit/explicit acquisition. These elements are implemented using the Tcl scripting language to ensure a minimum of programming overhead and direct interpretation without the need for compilation, while maintaining the flexibility of a full-featured programming language. Basicly, there are no intrinsic limitations to the number of spins, types of interactions, sample conditions (static or spinning, powders, uniaxially oriented molecules, single crystals, or solutions), and the complexity or number of spectral dimensions for the pulse sequence. The applicability ranges from simple 1D experiments to advanced multiple-pulse and multiple-dimensional experiments, series of simulations, parameter scans, complex data manipulation/visualization, and iterative fitting of simulated to experimental spectra. A major effort has been devoted to optimizing the computation speed using state-of-the-art algorithms for the time-consuming parts of the calculations implemented in the core of the program using the C programming language. Modification and maintenance of the program are facilitated by releasing the program as open source software (General Public License) currently at http://nmr.imsb.au.dk. The general features of the program are demonstrated by numerical simulations of various aspects for REDOR, rotational resonance, DRAMA, DRAWS, HORROR, C7, TEDOR, POST-C7, CW decoupling, TPPM, F-SLG, SLF, SEMA-CP, PISEMA, RFDR, QCPMG-MAS, and MQ-MAS experiments.

Federated Ground Station Network Model and Interface Specification

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

interface definition language JSON JavaScript Object Notation LEO low Earth orbit LNA low-noise amplifier MC3 Mobile CubeSat Command and Control...Naval Research Laboratory OQPSK offset quadrature phase-shift keying xviii P2P peer-to-peer PKI public key infrastructure REST Representational...enhanced our work being performed on the Mobile CubeSat Command and Control (MC3) ground station network. You also provided crucial guidance from

Multilingual Speech and Language Processing

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-04-01

client software handles the user end of the transaction. Historically, four clients were provided: e-mail, web, FrameMaker , and command line. By...command-line client and an API. The API allows integration of CyberTrans into a number of processes including word processing packages ( FrameMaker ...preservation and logging, and others. The available clients remain e-mail, Web and FrameMaker . Platforms include both Unix and PC for clients, with

A Generalized-Compliant-Motion Primitive

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Backes, Paul G.

1993-01-01

Computer program bridges gap between planning and execution of compliant robotic motions developed and installed in control system of telerobot. Called "generalized-compliant-motion primitive," one of several task-execution-primitive computer programs, which receives commands from higher-level task-planning programs and executes commands by generating required trajectories and applying appropriate control laws. Program comprises four parts corresponding to nominal motion, compliant motion, ending motion, and monitoring. Written in C language.

Machine Translation-Assisted Language Learning: Writing for Beginners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garcia, Ignacio; Pena, Maria Isabel

2011-01-01

The few studies that deal with machine translation (MT) as a language learning tool focus on its use by advanced learners, never by beginners. Yet, freely available MT engines (i.e. Google Translate) and MT-related web initiatives (i.e. Gabble-on.com) position themselves to cater precisely to the needs of learners with a limited command of a…

Foreign Culture Awareness Needs of Saudi English Language Majors at Buraydah Community College

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alsamani, Abdul-Aziz Saleh

2014-01-01

Although many EFL learners have a command of internalized foreign language knowledge, they may have difficulty using this knowledge in different contexts. This is due to many interacting factors affecting their performance, mainly lack of target culture awareness. This study intended to identify the cultural aspects suitable to be integrated into…

Establish Best Practices for Supervision of Instructors

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-01

633. Christen, W. L., & Murphy, T. J. (1987). Inservice training and peer evaluation: An integrated program for faculty development. NASSP...describes the current state of instructional supervision in Special Operations Forces (SOF) initial acquisition training (IAT) language schools. This...leadership and Command Language Program Managers (CLPMs) related to selection, training , and resourcing. Finally, specific recommendations are provided for

Foreign Language Professional Communicative Competence as a Component of the Academic Science Teacher's Professional Competence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Valeeva, Roza A.; Baykova, Olga V.; Kusainov, Askarbek K.

2016-01-01

The urgency of the problem raised in the article is explained by the increasing demand for qualified specialists who have a good command of a foreign language. The communicative competence of an academic science teacher under the conditions of international cooperation development is of great importance. The article discusses the problem of…

A Fuzzy Logic-Based Personalized Learning System for Supporting Adaptive English Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hsieh, Tung-Cheng; Wang, Tzone-I; Su, Chien-Yuan; Lee, Ming-Che

2012-01-01

As a nearly global language, English as a Foreign Language (EFL) programs are essential for people wishing to learn English. Researchers have noted that extensive reading is an effective way to improve a person's command of English. Choosing suitable articles in accordance with a learner's needs, interests and ability using an e-learning system…

Distributed expert systems for ground and space applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Buckley, Brian; Wheatcraft, Louis

1992-01-01

Presented here is the Spacecraft Command Language (SCL) concept of the unification of ground and space operations using a distributed approach. SCL is a hybrid software environment borrowing from expert system technology, fifth generation language development, and multitasking operating system environments. Examples of potential uses for the system and current distributed applications of SCL are given.

Integrated ESL with Career and Vocational Training Program to Achieve Employability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boyer, MaryAngel

2017-01-01

Training programs that combine learning English with career and vocational skills are highly desired to prepare many displaced workers that are English speakers of other languages (ESOL). Globalization has caused jobs to be exported and brought to this country, people with needed skills that do not have full command of the English language. The…

Making a Case for Exact Language as an Aspect of Rigour in Initial Teacher Education Mathematics Programmes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van Jaarsveld, Pieter

2016-01-01

Pre-service secondary mathematics teachers have a poor command of the exact language of mathematics as evidenced in assignments, micro-lessons and practicums. The unrelenting notorious annual South African National Senior Certificate outcomes in mathematics and the recognition by the Department of Basic Education (DBE) that the correct use of…

Cognitive Benefits and Costs of Bilingualism in Elementary School Students: The Case of Mathematical Word Problems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kempert, Sebastian; Saalbach, Henrik; Hardy, Ilonca

2011-01-01

Previous research has emphasized the importance of language for learning mathematics. This is especially true when mathematical problems have to be extracted from a meaningful context, as in arithmetic word problems. Bilingual learners with a low command of the instructional language thus may face challenges when dealing with mathematical…

"Total Physical Response": Un apprentissage non conventionnel ("Total Physical Response": An Unconventional Way to Learn).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lafayette, R. C.

1991-01-01

A discussion of the Total Physical Response method of second language instruction places the concept within the context of other unconventional language learning methods, reviews the rationale behind the approach, and outlines the classroom procedures used. A sampling of useful commands for classroom use is included. (19 references) (MSE)

XTCE GOVSAT Tool Suite 1.0

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rice, J. Kevin

2013-01-01

The XTCE GOVSAT software suite contains three tools: validation, search, and reporting. The Extensible Markup Language (XML) Telemetric and Command Exchange (XTCE) GOVSAT Tool Suite is written in Java for manipulating XTCE XML files. XTCE is a Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) and Object Management Group (OMG) specification for describing the format and information in telemetry and command packet streams. These descriptions are files that are used to configure real-time telemetry and command systems for mission operations. XTCE s purpose is to exchange database information between different systems. XTCE GOVSAT consists of rules for narrowing the use of XTCE for missions. The Validation Tool is used to syntax check GOVSAT XML files. The Search Tool is used to search (i.e. command and telemetry mnemonics) the GOVSAT XML files and view the results. Finally, the Reporting Tool is used to create command and telemetry reports. These reports can be displayed or printed for use by the operations team.

The Design of SimpleITK

PubMed Central

Lowekamp, Bradley C.; Chen, David T.; Ibáñez, Luis; Blezek, Daniel

2013-01-01

SimpleITK is a new interface to the Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK) designed to facilitate rapid prototyping, education and scientific activities via high level programming languages. ITK is a templated C++ library of image processing algorithms and frameworks for biomedical and other applications, and it was designed to be generic, flexible and extensible. Initially, ITK provided a direct wrapping interface to languages such as Python and Tcl through the WrapITK system. Unlike WrapITK, which exposed ITK's complex templated interface, SimpleITK was designed to provide an easy to use and simplified interface to ITK's algorithms. It includes procedural methods, hides ITK's demand driven pipeline, and provides a template-less layer. Also SimpleITK provides practical conveniences such as binary distribution packages and overloaded operators. Our user-friendly design goals dictated a departure from the direct interface wrapping approach of WrapITK, toward a new facade class structure that only exposes the required functionality, hiding ITK's extensive template use. Internally SimpleITK utilizes a manual description of each filter with code-generation and advanced C++ meta-programming to provide the higher-level interface, bringing the capabilities of ITK to a wider audience. SimpleITK is licensed as open source software library under the Apache License Version 2.0 and more information about downloading it can be found at http://www.simpleitk.org. PMID:24416015

Technology Sound not Technology Bound: The Risks of Over-Reliance on Modern Military Capabilities

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-02-19

OF A DIVISIVE AND DISTRUSTFUL ATMOSPHERE People express emotions, beliefs, and mood through body language, intonation , and subtle... perception of the situation provided by command and control PC is a threat to the tactical commander whose immersion in the situation is far more...accurate. That perception can, in many cases, become the catalyst for the abandonment of decentralized control and in turn lead to a tactical defeat

Fertile offspring from sterile sex chromosome trisomic mice§

PubMed Central

Hirota, Takayuki; Ohta, Hiroshi; Powell, Benjamin E.; Mahadevaiah, Shantha K.; Ojarikre, Obah A.; Saitou, Mitinori; Turner, James M. A.

2017-01-01

Having the correct number of chromosomes is vital for normal development and health. Sex chromosome trisomy (SCT) affects 0.1% of the human population and is associated with infertility. We show that during reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), fibroblasts from sterile trisomic XXY and XYY mice lose the extra sex chromosome, by a phenomenon we term trisomy-biased chromosome loss (TCL). Resulting euploid XY iPSCs can be differentiated into the male germ cell lineage and functional sperm that can be used in intracytoplasmic sperm injection to produce chromosomally normal, fertile offspring. Sex chromosome loss is comparatively infrequent during mouse XX and XY iPSC generation. TCL also applies to other chromosomes, generating euploid iPSCs from cells of a Down syndrome mouse model. It can also create euploid iPSCs from human trisomic patient fibroblasts. The findings have relevance to overcoming infertility and other trisomic phenotypes. PMID:28818972

Data-management and information system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Long, J. J.; Hatfield, J. N.; Diethelm, M. R.; Masters, G.

1977-01-01

User command language consists of unabbreviated English words. System allows user to create, delete, sort, merge, update, punch, or transfer all or portion of any file in system without programmer assistance.

DDML Schema Validation

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-02-08

Data Display Markup Language HUD heads-up display IRIG Inter-Range Instrumentation Group RCC Range Commanders Council SVG Scalable Vector Graphics...T&E test and evaluation TMATS Telemetry Attributes Transfer Standard XML eXtensible Markup Language DDML Schema Validation, RCC 126-16, February...2016 viii This page intentionally left blank. DDML Schema Validation, RCC 126-16, February 2016 1 1. Introduction This Data Display Markup

The Relationship between Gender, Motivation and Achievement in Learning English as a Foreign Language

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Becirovic, Senad

2017-01-01

This study deals with the research into the relationship between gender, motivation and achievement in learning English as a foreign language. A good command of English is of paramount importance for an individual to be successful in numerous aspects of life such as professional, personal and educational. The aim of this research was to determine…

Murine model of long term obstructive jaundice

PubMed Central

Aoki, Hiroaki; Aoki, Masayo; Yang, Jing; Katsuta, Eriko; Mukhopadhyay, Partha; Ramanathan, Rajesh; Woelfel, Ingrid A.; Wang, Xuan; Spiegel, Sarah; Zhou, Huiping; Takabe, Kazuaki

2016-01-01

Background With the recent emergence of conjugated bile acids as signaling molecules in cancer, a murine model of obstructive jaundice by cholestasis with long-term survival is in need. Here, we investigated the characteristics of 3 murine models of obstructive jaundice. Methods C57BL/6J mice were used for total ligation of the common bile duct (tCL), partial common bile duct ligation (pCL), and ligation of left and median hepatic bile duct with gallbladder removal (LMHL) models. Survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier method. Fibrotic change was determined by Masson-Trichrome staining and Collagen expression. Results 70% (7/10) of tCL mice died by Day 7, whereas majority 67% (10/15) of pCL mice survived with loss of jaundice. 19% (3/16) of LMHL mice died; however, jaundice continued beyond Day 14, with survival of more than a month. Compensatory enlargement of the right lobe was observed in both pCL and LMHL models. The pCL model demonstrated acute inflammation due to obstructive jaundice 3 days after ligation but jaundice rapidly decreased by Day 7. The LHML group developed portal hypertension as well as severe fibrosis by Day 14 in addition to prolonged jaundice. Conclusion The standard tCL model is too unstable with high mortality for long-term studies. pCL may be an appropriate model for acute inflammation with obstructive jaundice but long term survivors are no longer jaundiced. The LHML model was identified to be the most feasible model to study the effect of long-term obstructive jaundice. PMID:27916350

Murine model of long-term obstructive jaundice.

PubMed

Aoki, Hiroaki; Aoki, Masayo; Yang, Jing; Katsuta, Eriko; Mukhopadhyay, Partha; Ramanathan, Rajesh; Woelfel, Ingrid A; Wang, Xuan; Spiegel, Sarah; Zhou, Huiping; Takabe, Kazuaki

2016-11-01

With the recent emergence of conjugated bile acids as signaling molecules in cancer, a murine model of obstructive jaundice by cholestasis with long-term survival is in need. Here, we investigated the characteristics of three murine models of obstructive jaundice. C57BL/6J mice were used for total ligation of the common bile duct (tCL), partial common bile duct ligation (pCL), and ligation of left and median hepatic bile duct with gallbladder removal (LMHL) models. Survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier method. Fibrotic change was determined by Masson-Trichrome staining and Collagen expression. Overall, 70% (7 of 10) of tCL mice died by day 7, whereas majority 67% (10 of 15) of pCL mice survived with loss of jaundice. A total of 19% (3 of 16) of LMHL mice died; however, jaundice continued beyond day 14, with survival of more than a month. Compensatory enlargement of the right lobe was observed in both pCL and LMHL models. The pCL model demonstrated acute inflammation due to obstructive jaundice 3 d after ligation but jaundice rapidly decreased by day 7. The LHML group developed portal hypertension and severe fibrosis by day 14 in addition to prolonged jaundice. The standard tCL model is too unstable with high mortality for long-term studies. pCL may be an appropriate model for acute inflammation with obstructive jaundice, but long-term survivors are no longer jaundiced. The LHML model was identified to be the most feasible model to study the effect of long-term obstructive jaundice. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of a Zirconium Recycle Scrubber System

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Spencer, Barry B.; Bruffey, Stephanie H.

2017-04-01

A hot-cell demonstration of the zirconium recycle process is planned as part of the Materials Recovery and Waste Forms Development (MRWFD) campaign. The process treats Zircaloy® cladding recovered from used nuclear fuel with chlorine gas to recover the zirconium as volatile ZrCl4. This releases radioactive tritium trapped in the alloy, converting it to volatile tritium chloride (TCl). To meet regulatory requirements governing radioactive emissions from nuclear fuel treatment operations, the capture and retention of a portion of this TCl may be required prior to discharge of the off-gas stream to the environment. In addition to demonstrating tritium removal from amore » synthetic zirconium recycle off-gas stream, the recovery and quantification of tritium may refine estimates of the amount of tritium present in the Zircaloy cladding of used nuclear fuel. To support these objectives, a bubbler-type scrubber was fabricated to remove the TCl from the zirconium recycle off-gas stream. The scrubber was fabricated from glass and polymer components that are resistant to chlorine and hydrochloric acid solutions. Because of concerns that the scrubber efficiency is not quantitative, tests were performed using DCl as a stand-in to experimentally measure the scrubbing efficiency of this unit. Scrubbing efficiency was ~108% ± 3% with water as the scrubber solution. Variations were noted when 1 M NaOH scrub solution was used, values ranged from 64% to 130%. The reason for the variations is not known. It is recommended that the equipment be operated with water as the scrubbing solution. Scrubbing efficiency is estimated at 100%.« less

Urokinase receptor is associated with the components of the JAK1/STAT1 signaling pathway and leads to activation of this pathway upon receptor clustering in the human kidney epithelial tumor cell line TCL-598.

PubMed

Koshelnick, Y; Ehart, M; Hufnagl, P; Heinrich, P C; Binder, B R

1997-11-07

The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) binds to cells via a specific receptor attached to the plasma membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. Despite the lack of a transmembrane domain, the urokinase receptor (uPAR) is capable of transducing extracellular signals affecting growth, migration, and adhesion. Several Tyr kinases of the src family as well as beta1, beta2, and beta3 integrins were found to be associated with the uPAR. We found that in the human kidney epithelial line TCL-598, also components of the JAK1/STAT1 signal transduction pathway including gp130, are associated with uPAR as revealed by coimmunoprecipitation and are co-localized in caveolae. Upon clustering of uPA.uPAR complex by a monoclonal antibody, JAK1 associates with uPAR, which in turn leads to STAT1 phosphorylation, dimerization, specific binding to DNA, and gene activation. To prove the dependence of STAT1 activation on the uPAR, TCL-598 cells were treated with sense and antisense uPAR oligonucleotides. In antisense-treated cells in which uPAR expression was reduced to less then one third, activation of STAT1 by the clustering antibody was abolished while STAT1 activation by interferon-gamma was unaffected. Therefore, in this cell line, uPA.uPAR also utilizes the JAK1/STAT1 pathway for signaling, and gp130 might be the transmembrane adapter for this signal transduction pathway.

Psychrophilic dry anaerobic digestion of dairy cow feces: Long-term operation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Massé, Daniel I., E-mail: Daniel.masse@agr.gc.ca; Cata Saady, Noori M.

2015-02-15

Highlights: • Psychrophilic dry anaerobic digestion (PDAD) of cow feces (CF) is feasible. • PDAD of CF is as efficient as mesophilic and thermophilic AD at TCL 21 days. • CF (13–16% TS at OLR 5.0 g TCOD{sub fed} kg{sup −1} inoculum d{sup −1}) yielded 222 ± 27 {sub N}L CH{sub 4} kg{sup −1} VS fed. - Abstract: This paper reports experimental results which demonstrate psychrophilic dry anaerobic digestion of cow feces during long-term operation in sequence batch reactor. Cow feces (13–16% total solids) has been anaerobically digested in 12 successive cycles (252 days) at 21 days treatment cycle lengthmore » (TCL) and temperature of 20 °C using psychrotrophic anaerobic mixed culture. An average specific methane yield (SMY) of 184.9 ± 24.0, 189.9 ± 27.3, and 222 ± 27.7 {sub N}L CH{sub 4} kg{sup −1} of VS fed has been achieved at an organic loading rate of 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 g TCOD kg{sup −1} inoculum d{sup −1} and TCL of 21 days, respectively. The corresponding substrate to inoculum ratio (SIR) was 0.39 ± 0.06, 0.48 ± .02, 0.53 ± 0.05, respectively. Average methane production rate of 10 ± 1.4 {sub N}L CH{sub 4} kg{sup −1} VS fed d{sup −1} has been obtained. The low concentration of volatile fatty acids indicated that hydrolysis was the reaction limiting step.« less

Compatibility of an FeCrAl alloy with flowing Pb-Li in a thermal convection loop

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pawel, Steven J.; Unocic, Kinga A.

A mono-metallic thermal convection loop (TCL) fabricated from alloy APMT (Fe21Cr5Al3Mo) tubing and filled with 0.025 m long tensile specimens of the same alloy was operated continuously for 1000 h with commercially pure Pb-17 at.%Li (Pb-Li) at a peak temperature of 550 ± 1.5 °C and a temperature gradient of ~116 °C. The resulting Pb-Li flow rate was ~0.0067 m/s. A 1050 °C pre-oxidation treatment (to form an external alumina scale) given to most specimens exposed within the TCL decreased total mass loss by a factor of 3–30 compared to adjacent specimens that were not pre-oxidized. However, all specimens exposedmore » above 500 °C lost mass suggesting that the alumina scale was not entirely stable in flowing Pb-Li at these temperatures. Post-exposure room temperature tensile tests indicated that the mechanical properties of APMT were substantially influenced by extended exposures in the range of 435–490 °C, which caused an increase in yield strength (~65%) and a corresponding decrease in ductility associated with α' embrittlement. Specimens annealed in argon at the same temperature exhibited identical changes without exposure to Pb-Li. In conclusion, scanning transmission electron microscopy revealed Cr-clusters within the microstructure in specimens exposed in the low temperature regions (<490 °C) of the TCL, indicating the formation of α' consistent with the mechanism of α' embrittlement.« less

Comparison of Two Alternate Methods for Tracking Toe Clearance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, Christopher A.; Feiveson, Alan H.; Bloomberg, Jacob J.

2007-01-01

Analyses of toe clearance during the swing phase of locomotion has often been utilized in determining a subject s propensity to trip while either walking or stepping over an obstacle. In the literature, toe clearance has been studied using a marker on the superior aspect of the second toe (rtoe), a marker on the lateral aspect of the fifth metatarsal head (mth5), or a virtual marker positioned at the anterior tip of the toe (vtoe). The purpose of this study was to compute toe clearance and associated parameters using a fifth metatarsal marker and a virtual toe marker, and compare the results with those of the standard toe marker. Subjects walked on a motorized treadmill at five different speeds while performing a visual acuity task at two separate target distances (ten 60-second trials). The minimum vertical height (TCl) was determined for each stride, along with its point of occurence in the gait cycle, and the angles of the foot and ankle at that time. A regression analysis was performed on the vtoe and mth5 results versus rtoe individually. For all TCl parameters, the mth5 marker did not correlate well with rtoe; the vtoe marker showed better agreement. Most importantly, the mth5 marker predicted a later occurence of TCl than rtoe and vtoe - thereby missing the most dangerous point in swing phase for a trip. From this analysis, the vtoe marker proved to be a better analog to rtoe than mth5, especially for determining a subject s propensity to trip.

Temporal Control of Trichome Distribution by MicroRNA156-Targeted SPL Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana[W][OA

PubMed Central

Yu, Nan; Cai, Wen-Juan; Wang, Shucai; Shan, Chun-Min; Wang, Ling-Jian; Chen, Xiao-Ya

2010-01-01

The production and distribution of plant trichomes is temporally and spatially regulated. After entering into the flowering stage, Arabidopsis thaliana plants have progressively reduced numbers of trichomes on the inflorescence stem, and the floral organs are nearly glabrous. We show here that SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN LIKE (SPL) genes, which define an endogenous flowering pathway and are targeted by microRNA 156 (miR156), temporally control the trichome distribution during flowering. Plants overexpressing miR156 developed ectopic trichomes on the stem and floral organs. By contrast, plants with elevated levels of SPLs produced fewer trichomes. During plant development, the increase in SPL transcript levels is coordinated with the gradual loss of trichome cells on the stem. The MYB transcription factor genes TRICHOMELESS1 (TCL1) and TRIPTYCHON (TRY) are negative regulators of trichome development. We show that SPL9 directly activates TCL1 and TRY expression through binding to their promoters and that this activation is independent of GLABROUS1 (GL1). The phytohormones cytokinin and gibberellin were reported to induce trichome formation on the stem and inflorescence via the C2H2 transcription factors GIS, GIS2, and ZFP8, which promote GL1 expression. We show that the GIS-dependent pathway does not affect the regulation of TCL1 and TRY by miR156-targeted SPLs, represented by SPL9. These results demonstrate that the miR156-regulated SPLs establish a direct link between developmental programming and trichome distribution. PMID:20622149

Combined medial and lateral anatomic ligament reconstruction for chronic rotational instability of the ankle.

PubMed

Buchhorn, Tomas; Sabeti-Aschraf, Manuel; Dlaska, Constantin E; Wenzel, Florian; Graf, Alexandra; Ziai, Pejman

2011-12-01

This study aimed to extend knowledge on the arthroscopic evaluation of the unstable ankle joint and the outcome of ligament reconstruction on rotational instability. In contrast to previous studies, we investigated the combined repair of lateral and medial ligaments. Ninety-six patients underwent medial and lateral ligament reconstruction between 2006 and 2008, 81 of whom, with a mean age of 31.9 (range, 14 to 44) years, completed the 12-month followup and were therefore included in this study (Table 1). Clinical, radiographic, and concomitant arthroscopic examination was performed prior to the ligament stabilization. Postoperative followup included clinical and radiographic evaluation after 3, 6, and 12 months. Arthroscopy showed a lesion of the anterior fibulotalar ligament (AFTL), calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), and tibiocalcanear ligament (TCL) (Deep part of deltoid ligament complex) in 67 patients. An avulsion of the proximal insertion point of the ATTL was additionally found in 14 cases. Clinical results 3 months after surgery showed a significant increase in the AOFAS-Hindfoot Score as well as a significant decrease of the Visual Analogue-Scale for pain (VAS) (p < 0.0001). This outcome persisted at the 12-month examination. Rotational instability of the ankle joint in most cases has an injury of the lateral ligaments and a component of the deltoid, the TCL, but rarely with a combined lesion of the TCL and the anterior tibiotalar ligament (ATTL) (Superficial part of deltoid ligament complex). The combined lateral and medial ligament reconstruction with an anchor technique had a good clinical outcome with high patient satisfaction with few complications.

Compatibility of an FeCrAl alloy with flowing Pb-Li in a thermal convection loop

DOE PAGES

Pawel, Steven J.; Unocic, Kinga A.

2017-08-01

A mono-metallic thermal convection loop (TCL) fabricated from alloy APMT (Fe21Cr5Al3Mo) tubing and filled with 0.025 m long tensile specimens of the same alloy was operated continuously for 1000 h with commercially pure Pb-17 at.%Li (Pb-Li) at a peak temperature of 550 ± 1.5 °C and a temperature gradient of ~116 °C. The resulting Pb-Li flow rate was ~0.0067 m/s. A 1050 °C pre-oxidation treatment (to form an external alumina scale) given to most specimens exposed within the TCL decreased total mass loss by a factor of 3–30 compared to adjacent specimens that were not pre-oxidized. However, all specimens exposedmore » above 500 °C lost mass suggesting that the alumina scale was not entirely stable in flowing Pb-Li at these temperatures. Post-exposure room temperature tensile tests indicated that the mechanical properties of APMT were substantially influenced by extended exposures in the range of 435–490 °C, which caused an increase in yield strength (~65%) and a corresponding decrease in ductility associated with α' embrittlement. Specimens annealed in argon at the same temperature exhibited identical changes without exposure to Pb-Li. In conclusion, scanning transmission electron microscopy revealed Cr-clusters within the microstructure in specimens exposed in the low temperature regions (<490 °C) of the TCL, indicating the formation of α' consistent with the mechanism of α' embrittlement.« less

NASA Public Affairs and NUANCE Lab News Conference at Reno-Stead Airport.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-10-19

News Conference following the test of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) technical capability Level 2 (TCL2) at Reno-Stead Airport, Nevada. Huy Tran, NASA Ames Aeronautics Director gives a NASA UTM Project Overview.

NASA Public Affairs and NUANCE Lab News Conference at Reno-Stead Airport.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-10-19

News Conference following the test of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) technical capability Level 2 (TCL2) at Reno-Stead Airport, Nevada. Mark Baker, Director of Business Development, Nevada Institute of Autonomous Systems.

Needs of Foreign Students from Developing Nations at U.S. Colleges and Universities.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-03-01

variations among the students. Sex, age, and marital status were part of these variations. English language proficiency, as measured by TOEFL scores...varies by the command of English students have. The command of English was measured by two measures; (1) TOEFL score ranges, and (2) the self evaluation...coefficients from a statistical point of view. However, when the coefficients were examined substantive- ly, TOEFL score ranges did not account for 5% or more of

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hart, David; Klise, Katherine A.

The PyEPANET package is a set of commands for the Python programming language that are built to wrap the EPANET toolkit library commands, without requiring the end user to program using the ctypes package. This package does not contain the EPANET code, nor does it implement the functions within the EPANET software, and it requires the separately downloaded or compiled EPANET2 toolkit dynamic library (epanet.dll, libepanent.so, or epanet.dylib) and/or the EPANET-MSX dynamic library in order to function.

KAPPA -- Kernel Application Package

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Currie, Malcolm J.; Berry, David. S.

KAPPA is an applications package comprising about 180 general-purpose commands for image processing, data visualisation, and manipulation of the standard Starlink data format---the NDF. It is intended to work in conjunction with Starlink's various specialised packages. In addition to the NDF, KAPPA can also process data in other formats by using the `on-the-fly' conversion scheme. Many commands can process data arrays of arbitrary dimension, and others work on both spectra and images. KAPPA operates from both the UNIX C-shell and the ICL command language. This document describes how to use KAPPA and its features. There is some description of techniques too, including a section on writing scripts. This document includes several tutorials and is illustrated with numerous examples. The bulk of this document comprises detailed descriptions of each command as well as classified and alphabetical summaries.

Language workbench user interfaces for data analysis

PubMed Central

Benson, Victoria M.

2015-01-01

Biological data analysis is frequently performed with command line software. While this practice provides considerable flexibility for computationally savy individuals, such as investigators trained in bioinformatics, this also creates a barrier to the widespread use of data analysis software by investigators trained as biologists and/or clinicians. Workflow systems such as Galaxy and Taverna have been developed to try and provide generic user interfaces that can wrap command line analysis software. These solutions are useful for problems that can be solved with workflows, and that do not require specialized user interfaces. However, some types of analyses can benefit from custom user interfaces. For instance, developing biomarker models from high-throughput data is a type of analysis that can be expressed more succinctly with specialized user interfaces. Here, we show how Language Workbench (LW) technology can be used to model the biomarker development and validation process. We developed a language that models the concepts of Dataset, Endpoint, Feature Selection Method and Classifier. These high-level language concepts map directly to abstractions that analysts who develop biomarker models are familiar with. We found that user interfaces developed in the Meta-Programming System (MPS) LW provide convenient means to configure a biomarker development project, to train models and view the validation statistics. We discuss several advantages of developing user interfaces for data analysis with a LW, including increased interface consistency, portability and extension by language composition. The language developed during this experiment is distributed as an MPS plugin (available at http://campagnelab.org/software/bdval-for-mps/). PMID:25755929

Functional MRI Motor Imagery Tasks to Detect Command Following in Traumatic Disorders of Consciousness.

PubMed

Bodien, Yelena G; Giacino, Joseph T; Edlow, Brian L

2017-01-01

Severe traumatic brain injury impairs arousal and awareness, the two components of consciousness. Accurate diagnosis of a patient's level of consciousness is critical for determining treatment goals, access to rehabilitative services, and prognosis. The bedside behavioral examination, the current clinical standard for diagnosis of disorders of consciousness, is prone to misdiagnosis, a finding that has led to the development of advanced neuroimaging techniques aimed at detection of conscious awareness. Although a variety of paradigms have been used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to reveal covert consciousness, the relative accuracy of these paradigms in the patient population is unknown. Here, we compare the rate of covert consciousness detection by hand squeezing and tennis playing motor imagery paradigms in 10 patients with traumatic disorders of consciousness [six male, six acute, mean ± SD age = 27.9 ± 9.1 years, one coma, four unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, two minimally conscious without language function, and three minimally conscious with language function, per bedside examination with the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R)]. We also tested the same paradigms in 10 healthy subjects (nine male, mean ± SD age = 28.5 ± 9.4 years). In healthy subjects, the hand squeezing paradigm detected covert command following in 7/10 and the tennis playing paradigm in 9/10 subjects. In patients who followed commands on the CRS-R, the hand squeezing paradigm detected covert command following in 2/3 and the tennis playing paradigm in 0/3 subjects. In patients who did not follow commands on the CRS-R, the hand squeezing paradigm detected command following in 1/7 and the tennis playing paradigm in 2/7 subjects. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (ACC) of detecting covert command following in patients who demonstrated this behavior on the CRS-R was 66.7, 85.7, and 80% for the hand squeezing paradigm and 0, 71.4, and 50% for the tennis playing paradigm, respectively. Overall, the tennis paradigm performed better than the hand squeezing paradigm in healthy subjects, but in patients, the hand squeezing paradigm detected command following with greater ACC. These findings indicate that current fMRI motor imagery paradigms frequently fail to detect command following and highlight the need for paradigm optimization to improve the accuracy of covert consciousness detection.

Functional MRI Motor Imagery Tasks to Detect Command Following in Traumatic Disorders of Consciousness

PubMed Central

Bodien, Yelena G.; Giacino, Joseph T.; Edlow, Brian L.

2017-01-01

Severe traumatic brain injury impairs arousal and awareness, the two components of consciousness. Accurate diagnosis of a patient’s level of consciousness is critical for determining treatment goals, access to rehabilitative services, and prognosis. The bedside behavioral examination, the current clinical standard for diagnosis of disorders of consciousness, is prone to misdiagnosis, a finding that has led to the development of advanced neuroimaging techniques aimed at detection of conscious awareness. Although a variety of paradigms have been used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to reveal covert consciousness, the relative accuracy of these paradigms in the patient population is unknown. Here, we compare the rate of covert consciousness detection by hand squeezing and tennis playing motor imagery paradigms in 10 patients with traumatic disorders of consciousness [six male, six acute, mean ± SD age = 27.9 ± 9.1 years, one coma, four unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, two minimally conscious without language function, and three minimally conscious with language function, per bedside examination with the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R)]. We also tested the same paradigms in 10 healthy subjects (nine male, mean ± SD age = 28.5 ± 9.4 years). In healthy subjects, the hand squeezing paradigm detected covert command following in 7/10 and the tennis playing paradigm in 9/10 subjects. In patients who followed commands on the CRS-R, the hand squeezing paradigm detected covert command following in 2/3 and the tennis playing paradigm in 0/3 subjects. In patients who did not follow commands on the CRS-R, the hand squeezing paradigm detected command following in 1/7 and the tennis playing paradigm in 2/7 subjects. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (ACC) of detecting covert command following in patients who demonstrated this behavior on the CRS-R was 66.7, 85.7, and 80% for the hand squeezing paradigm and 0, 71.4, and 50% for the tennis playing paradigm, respectively. Overall, the tennis paradigm performed better than the hand squeezing paradigm in healthy subjects, but in patients, the hand squeezing paradigm detected command following with greater ACC. These findings indicate that current fMRI motor imagery paradigms frequently fail to detect command following and highlight the need for paradigm optimization to improve the accuracy of covert consciousness detection. PMID:29326648

Acquisition of Vocabulary by Dint of Unique Strategies: Indispensible for Fostering English Language Skills

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jose, G. Rexlin

2015-01-01

Vocabulary is the gateway to knowledge that unlocks the doors of sublime ideas to the readers. The competency on the lexical items of language plays a significant role in learning a new concept. Any learner who has excellent command over the use of vocabulary excels in his/her study of different subjects. Vocabulary learning is one of the…

Cognitive Task Analysis of the Battalion Level Visualization Process

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-10-01

of the visualization space are identified using commonly understood doctrinal language and mnemonic devices. a Degree to which the commander and staff...the elements of the visualization space are identified using commonly understood doctrinal language and mnemonic devices. Visualization elements are...11 skill areas were identified as potential focal points for future training development. The findings were used to design and develop exemplar

Adult Learning Strategies in an Onsite Training Program in Tunisia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ayachi, Zeineb

2015-01-01

The new market place has dictated on adults the use of English as it is the first international language used in business. However, learning a foreign language becomes more and more complicated as the learner gets older, is in a mature command of L1 and L2, and does not have enough time to learn due to professional responsibilities. Contrary to…

Manchester visual query language

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oakley, John P.; Davis, Darryl N.; Shann, Richard T.

1993-04-01

We report a database language for visual retrieval which allows queries on image feature information which has been computed and stored along with images. The language is novel in that it provides facilities for dealing with feature data which has actually been obtained from image analysis. Each line in the Manchester Visual Query Language (MVQL) takes a set of objects as input and produces another, usually smaller, set as output. The MVQL constructs are mainly based on proven operators from the field of digital image analysis. An example is the Hough-group operator which takes as input a specification for the objects to be grouped, a specification for the relevant Hough space, and a definition of the voting rule. The output is a ranked list of high scoring bins. The query could be directed towards one particular image or an entire image database, in the latter case the bins in the output list would in general be associated with different images. We have implemented MVQL in two layers. The command interpreter is a Lisp program which maps each MVQL line to a sequence of commands which are used to control a specialized database engine. The latter is a hybrid graph/relational system which provides low-level support for inheritance and schema evolution. In the paper we outline the language and provide examples of useful queries. We also describe our solution to the engineering problems associated with the implementation of MVQL.

SIMPSON: a general simulation program for solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

PubMed

Bak, M; Rasmussen, J T; Nielsen, N C

2000-12-01

A computer program for fast and accurate numerical simulation of solid-state NMR experiments is described. The program is designed to emulate a NMR spectrometer by letting the user specify high-level NMR concepts such as spin systems, nuclear spin interactions, RF irradiation, free precession, phase cycling, coherence-order filtering, and implicit/explicit acquisition. These elements are implemented using the Tcl scripting language to ensure a minimum of programming overhead and direct interpretation without the need for compilation, while maintaining the flexibility of a full-featured programming language. Basically, there are no intrinsic limitations to the number of spins, types of interactions, sample conditions (static or spinning, powders, uniaxially oriented molecules, single crystals, or solutions), and the complexity or number of spectral dimensions for the pulse sequence. The applicability ranges from simple 1D experiments to advanced multiple-pulse and multiple-dimensional experiments, series of simulations, parameter scans, complex data manipulation/visualization, and iterative fitting of simulated to experimental spectra. A major effort has been devoted to optimizing the computation speed using state-of-the-art algorithms for the time-consuming parts of the calculations implemented in the core of the program using the C programming language. Modification and maintenance of the program are facilitated by releasing the program as open source software (General Public License) currently at http://nmr.imsb.au.dk. The general features of the program are demonstrated by numerical simulations of various aspects for REDOR, rotational resonance, DRAMA, DRAWS, HORROR, C7, TEDOR, POST-C7, CW decoupling, TPPM, F-SLG, SLF, SEMA-CP, PISEMA, RFDR, QCPMG-MAS, and MQ-MAS experiments. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.

NASA Public Affairs and NUANCE Lab News Conference at Reno-Stead Airport.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-10-19

News Conference following the test of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) technical capability Level 2 (TCL2) at Reno-Stead Airport, Nevada. Tom Wilczek, Aerospace and Defence industry representative and Nevada Govenor's Office of Economic Development.

NASA Public Affairs and NUANCE Lab News Conference at Reno-Stead Airport.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-10-19

News Conference following the test of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) technical capability Level 2 (TCL2) at Reno-Stead Airport, Nevada. Maril Mora, President / CEO of the Reno -Tahoe Airport Authority welcomes NASA and Partners.

Instrument Remote Control Application Framework

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ames, Troy; Hostetter, Carl F.

2006-01-01

The Instrument Remote Control (IRC) architecture is a flexible, platform-independent application framework that is well suited for the control and monitoring of remote devices and sensors. IRC enables significant savings in development costs by utilizing extensible Markup Language (XML) descriptions to configure the framework for a specific application. The Instrument Markup Language (IML) is used to describe the commands used by an instrument, the data streams produced, the rules for formatting commands and parsing the data, and the method of communication. Often no custom code is needed to communicate with a new instrument or device. An IRC instance can advertise and publish a description about a device or subscribe to another device's description on a network. This simple capability of dynamically publishing and subscribing to interfaces enables a very flexible, self-adapting architecture for monitoring and control of complex instruments in diverse environments.

IGGy: An interactive environment for surface grid generation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prewitt, Nathan C.

1992-01-01

A graphically interactive derivative of the EAGLE boundary code is presented. This code allows the user to interactively build and execute commands and immediately see the results. Strong ties with a batch oriented script language are maintained. A generalized treatment of grid definition parameters allows a more generic definition of the grid generation process and allows the generation of command scripts which can be applied to topologically similar configurations. The use of the graphical user interface is outlined and example applications are presented.

Ada (Trade Name) Foundation Technology. Volume 4. Software Requirements for WIS (WWMCCS (World Wide Military Command and Control System) Information System) Text Processing Prototypes

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-12-01

graphics : The package allows a character set which can be defined by users giving the picture for a character by designating its pixels. Such characters...type lonts and gsei-oriented "help" messages tailored to the operations being performed and user expertise In general, critical design issues...other volumes include command language, software design , description and analysis tools, database management system operating systems; planning and

The Design and Implementation of the Ariel Active Database Rule System

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-10-01

but only as a main-memory prototype. The POSTGRES rule system (PRS) [SHP88, SRH90] and the Starburst rule system (SRS) [WCL91, HCL+90] have been...query language of POSTGRES for specifying data definition commands, queries and updates [SRH90]. POSTQUEL commands retrieve, append, delete, and replace...placed on an arbitrary attribute (e.g., one without an index) ( POSTGRES rule system [SHP88, SHP89, SR1I90], HiPAC [C+891, DIPS [SLR89], Alert [SPAM91

Text-interpreter language for flexible generation of patient notes and instructions.

PubMed

Forker, T S

1992-01-01

An interpreted computer language has been developed along with a windowed user interface and multi-printer-support formatter to allow preparation of documentation of patient visits, including progress notes, prescriptions, excuses for work/school, outpatient laboratory requisitions, and patient instructions. Input is by trackball or mouse with little or no keyboard skill required. For clinical problems with specific protocols, the clinician can be prompted with problem-specific items of history, exam, and lab data to be gathered and documented. The language implements a number of text-related commands as well as branching logic and arithmetic commands. In addition to generating text, it is simple to implement arithmetic calculations such as weight-specific drug dosages; multiple branching decision-support protocols for paramedical personnel (or physicians); and calculation of clinical scores (e.g., coma or trauma scores) while simultaneously documenting the status of each component of the score. ASCII text files produced by the interpreter are available for computerized quality audit. Interpreter instructions are contained in text files users can customize with any text editor.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number: 890420W1. 10066 International Business Machines Corporation, IBM Development System for the Ada Language, AIX/RT Ada Compiler, Version 1.1.1, IBM RT PC 6150-125

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-04-20

International Business Machines Corporation, IBM Development System. for the Ada Language AIX/RT Ada Compiler, Version 1.1.1, Wright-Patterson APB...Certificate Number: 890420V1.10066 International Business Machines Corporation IBM Development System for the Ada Language AIX/RT Ada Compiler, Version 1.1.1...TEST INFORMATION The compiler was tested using command scripts provided by International Business Machines Corporation and reviewed by the validation

Using XML and Java for Astronomical Instrumentation Control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ames, Troy; Koons, Lisa; Sall, Ken; Warsaw, Craig

2000-01-01

Traditionally, instrument command and control systems have been highly specialized, consisting mostly of custom code that is difficult to develop, maintain, and extend. Such solutions are initially very costly and are inflexible to subsequent engineering change requests, increasing software maintenance costs. Instrument description is too tightly coupled with details of implementation. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center is developing a general and highly extensible framework that applies to any kind of instrument that can be controlled by a computer. The software architecture combines the platform independent processing capabilities of Java with the power of the Extensible Markup Language (XML), a human readable and machine understandable way to describe structured data. A key aspect of the object-oriented architecture is software that is driven by an instrument description, written using the Instrument Markup Language (IML). ]ML is used to describe graphical user interfaces to control and monitor the instrument, command sets and command formats, data streams, and communication mechanisms. Although the current effort is targeted for the High-resolution Airborne Wideband Camera, a first-light instrument of the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, the framework is designed to be generic and extensible so that it can be applied to any instrument.

NASA Public Affairs and NUANCE Lab News Conference at Reno-Stead Airport.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-10-19

News Conference following the test of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) technical capability Level 2 (TCL2) at Reno-Stead Airport, Nevada. Parimal Kopardekar, NASA Ames Senior Engineer for Ait Transportation Systems gave an overview of UTM (Left).

NASA Public Affairs and NUANCE Lab News Conference at Reno-Stead Airport.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-10-19

News Conference following the test of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) technical capability Level 2 (TCL2) at Reno-Stead Airport, Nevada. Parimal Kopardekar, NASA Ames Senior Engineer for Ait Transportation Systems gave an overview of UTM.

A Phase II Study of Single Agent Brentuximab Vedotin in Relapsed/Refractory CD30 Low (<10%) Mature T Cell Lymphoma (TCL)

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-04-16

T-cell Lymphoma; Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma; Hepato-splenic T-cell Lymphoma; Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma; Enteropathy Associated T-cell Lymphoma; NK T-cell Lymphoma; Transformed Mycosis Fungoides

Learning with a Missing Sense: What Can We Learn from the Interaction of a Deaf Child with a Turtle?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Paul

2009-01-01

This case study reports on the progress of Navon, a 13-year-old boy with prelingual deafness, over a 3-month period following exposure to Logo, a computer programming language that visualizes specific programming commands by means of a virtual drawing tool called the Turtle. Despite an almost complete lack of skills in spoken and sign language,…

Towards an Artificial Space Object Taxonomy

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

demonstrate how to implement this taxonomy in Figaro, an open source probabilistic programming language. 2. INTRODUCTION Currently, US Space Command...Taxonomy 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7...demonstrate how to implement this taxonomy in Figaro, an open source probabilistic programming language. 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF

Interactive debug program for evaluation and modification of assembly-language software

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arpasi, D. J.

1979-01-01

An assembly-language debug program written for the Honeywell HDC-601 and DDP-516/316 computers is described. Names and relative addressing to improve operator-machine interaction are used. Features include versatile display, on-line assembly, and improved program execution and analysis. The program is discussed from both a programmer's and an operator's standpoint. Functional diagrams are included to describe the program, and each command is illustrated.

Robot Task Commander with Extensible Programming Environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hart, Stephen W (Inventor); Wightman, Brian J (Inventor); Dinh, Duy Paul (Inventor); Yamokoski, John D. (Inventor); Gooding, Dustin R (Inventor)

2014-01-01

A system for developing distributed robot application-level software includes a robot having an associated control module which controls motion of the robot in response to a commanded task, and a robot task commander (RTC) in networked communication with the control module over a network transport layer (NTL). The RTC includes a script engine(s) and a GUI, with a processor and a centralized library of library blocks constructed from an interpretive computer programming code and having input and output connections. The GUI provides access to a Visual Programming Language (VPL) environment and a text editor. In executing a method, the VPL is opened, a task for the robot is built from the code library blocks, and data is assigned to input and output connections identifying input and output data for each block. A task sequence(s) is sent to the control module(s) over the NTL to command execution of the task.

The Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitor Acalabrutinib Demonstrates Potent On-Target Effects and Efficacy in Two Mouse Models of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

PubMed

Herman, Sarah E M; Montraveta, Arnau; Niemann, Carsten U; Mora-Jensen, Helena; Gulrajani, Michael; Krantz, Fanny; Mantel, Rose; Smith, Lisa L; McClanahan, Fabienne; Harrington, Bonnie K; Colomer, Dolors; Covey, Todd; Byrd, John C; Izumi, Raquel; Kaptein, Allard; Ulrich, Roger; Johnson, Amy J; Lannutti, Brian J; Wiestner, Adrian; Woyach, Jennifer A

2017-06-01

Purpose: Acalabrutinib (ACP-196) is a novel, potent, and highly selective Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, which binds covalently to Cys481 in the ATP-binding pocket of BTK. We sought to evaluate the antitumor effects of acalabrutinib treatment in two established mouse models of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Experimental Design: Two distinct mouse models were used, the TCL1 adoptive transfer model where leukemic cells from Eμ-TCL1 transgenic mice are transplanted into C57BL/6 mice, and the human NSG primary CLL xenograft model. Mice received either vehicle or acalabrutinib formulated into the drinking water. Results: Utilizing biochemical assays, we demonstrate that acalabrutinib is a highly selective BTK inhibitor as compared with ibrutinib. In the human CLL NSG xenograft model, treatment with acalabrutinib demonstrated on-target effects, including decreased phosphorylation of PLCγ2, ERK, and significant inhibition of CLL cell proliferation. Furthermore, tumor burden in the spleen of the mice treated with acalabrutinib was significantly decreased compared with vehicle-treated mice. Similarly, in the TCL1 adoptive transfer model, decreased phosphorylation of BTK, PLCγ2, and S6 was observed. Most notably, treatment with acalabrutinib resulted in a significant increase in survival compared with mice receiving vehicle. Conclusions: Treatment with acalabrutinib potently inhibits BTK in vivo , leading to on-target decreases in the activation of key signaling molecules (including BTK, PLCγ2, S6, and ERK). In two complementary mouse models of CLL, acalabrutinib significantly reduced tumor burden and increased survival compared with vehicle treatment. Overall, acalabrutinib showed increased BTK selectivity compared with ibrutinib while demonstrating significant antitumor efficacy in vivo on par with ibrutinib. Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); 2831-41. ©2016 AACR . ©2016 American Association for Cancer Research.

The Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor acalabrutinib demonstrates potent on-target effects and efficacy in two mouse models of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

PubMed Central

Herman, Sarah E. M.; Montraveta, Arnau; Niemann, Carsten U.; Mora-Jensen, Helena; Gulrajani, Michael; Krantz, Fanny; Mantel, Rose; Smith, Lisa L.; McClanahan, Fabienne; Harrington, Bonnie K.; Colomer, Dolors; Covey, Todd; Byrd, John C.; Izumi, Raquel; Kaptein, Allard; Ulrich, Roger; Johnson, Amy J.; Lannutti, Brian J.; Wiestner, Adrian; Woyach, Jennifer A.

2017-01-01

Purpose Acalabrutinib (ACP-196) is a novel, potent, and highly selective BTK inhibitor, which binds covalently to Cys481 in the ATP-binding pocket of BTK. We sought to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of acalabrutinib treatment in two established mouse models of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Experimental Design Two distinct mouse models were used, the TCL1 adoptive transfer model where leukemic cells from Eμ-TCL1 transgenic mice are transplanted into C57BL/6 mice, and the human NSG primary CLL xenograft model. Mice received either vehicle or acalabrutinib formulated into the drinking water. Results Utilizing biochemical assays we demonstrate that acalabrutinib is a highly selective BTK inhibitor as compared to ibrutinib. In the human CLL NSG xenograft model, treatment with acalabrutinib demonstrated on-target effects including decreased phosphorylation of PLCγ2, ERK and significant inhibition of CLL cell proliferation. Further, tumor burden in the spleen of the mice treated with acalabrutinib was significantly decreased compared to vehicle treated mice. Similarly, in the TCL1 adoptive transfer model, decreased phosphorylation of BTK, PLCγ2 and S6 was observed. Most notably, treatment with acalabrutinib resulted in a significant increase in survival compared to mice receiving vehicle. Conclusions Treatment with acalabrutinib potently inhibits BTK in vivo, leading to on-target decreases in the activation of key signaling molecules (including BTK, PLCγ2, S6 and ERK). In two complementary mouse models of CLL acalabrutinib significantly reduced tumor burden and increased survival compared to vehicle treatment. Overall, acalabrutinib showed increased BTK selectivity compared to ibrutinib while demonstrating significant anti-tumor efficacy in vivo on par with ibrutinib. PMID:27903679

Ara h 1 CD4+ T cell epitope-based peptides: candidates for a peanut allergy therapeutic.

PubMed

Prickett, S R; Voskamp, A L; Phan, T; Dacumos-Hill, A; Mannering, S I; Rolland, J M; O'Hehir, R E

2013-06-01

Peanut allergy is a life-threatening condition; there is currently no cure. While whole allergen extracts are used for specific immunotherapy for many allergies, they can cause severe reactions and even fatalities in peanut allergy. To identify short, HLA-degenerate CD4(+) T cell epitope-based peptides of the major peanut allergen Ara h 1 that target allergen-specific T cells without causing IgE-mediated inflammatory cell activation, as candidates for safe peanut-specific immunotherapy. Ara h 1-specific CD4(+) T cell lines (TCL) were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of peanut-allergic subjects using CFSE-based methodology. T cell epitopes were identified using CFSE and thymidine-based proliferation assays. Epitope HLA-restriction was investigated using blocking antibodies, HLA-genotyping and epitope prediction algorithms. Functional peanut-specific IgE reactivity to peptides was assessed by basophil activation assay. A total of 145 Ara h 1-specific TCL were generated from 18 HLA-diverse peanut-allergic subjects. The TCL recognized 20-mer peptides throughout Ara h 1. Nine 20-mers containing the most frequently recognized epitopes were selected and their recognition confirmed in 18 additional peanut-allergic subjects. Ten core epitopes were mapped within these 20-mers. These were HLA-DQ and/or HLA-DR restricted, with each presented on at least two different HLA-molecules. Seven short (≤ 20 aa) non-basophil-reactive peptides encompassing all core epitopes were designed and validated in peanut-allergic donor PBMC T cell assays. Short CD4(+) T cell epitope-based Ara h 1 peptides were identified as novel candidates for a safe, T cell targeted peanut-specific immunotherapy for HLA-diverse populations. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

A Droplet Digital PCR Method for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Newborn Screening.

PubMed

Vidal-Folch, Noemi; Milosevic, Dragana; Majumdar, Ramanath; Gavrilov, Dimitar; Matern, Dietrich; Raymond, Kimiyo; Rinaldo, Piero; Tortorelli, Silvia; Abraham, Roshini S; Oglesbee, Devin

2017-09-01

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) benefits from early intervention via hematopoietic cell transplantation to reverse T-cell lymphopenia (TCL). Newborn screening (NBS) programs use T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) levels to detect SCID. Real-time quantitative PCR is often performed to quantify TRECs in dried blood spots (DBSs) for NBS. Yet, real-time quantitative PCR has inefficiencies necessitating normalization, repeat analyses, or standard curves. To address these issues, we developed a multiplex, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method for measuring absolute TREC amounts in one DBS punch. TREC and RPP30 levels were simultaneously measured with a Bio-Rad AutoDG and QX200 ddPCR system. DBSs from 610 presumed-normal, 29 lymphocyte-profiled, and 10 clinically diagnosed infants (1 X-linked SCID, 1 RAG1 Omenn syndrome, and other conditions) were tested. Control infants showed 14 to 474 TREC copies/μL blood. SCID infants, and other TCL conditions, had ≤15 TREC copies/μL. The ddPCR lower limit of quantitation was 14 TREC copies/μL, and the limit of detection was 4 TREC copies/μL. Intra-assay and interassay imprecision was <20% CV for DBSs at 54 to 60 TREC copies/μL. Testing 29 infants with known lymphocyte profiles resulted in a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 100% at TRECs <20 copies/μL. We developed a multiplex ddPCR method for the absolute quantitation of DBS TRECs that can detect SCID and other TCL conditions associated with absent or low TRECs and validated this method for NBS. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Investigative Pathology and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of potential ecological impacts associated with a POTW located on Hempstead Bay, New York

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Harman, C.R.; Brockerhoff, F.G.; D`Alleinne, C.P.

1995-12-31

The Hempstead Bay estuary is a broad, shallow complex that is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a series of barrier islands (Jones and Long Beaches). Hempstead Bay is divided into West Bay, Middle Bay, and East Bay components by a series of marsh islands. The West Bay portion is influenced by tidal exchange through the East Rockaway Inlet. The West Bay in particular, and the Hempstead Bay in general, receive an extensive load of potential contaminants from numerous sources including point and non-point residential and industrial source discharges, storm water runoff, possible migration of leachate from landfills adjacent tomore » the Bay, and the effluent from several wastewater treatment facilities. The objective of this ongoing project is to evaluate whether the operations of a particular wastewater treatment facility located adjacent to the West Bay portion of Hempstead Bay is impacting aquatic resources in the vicinity of the plant. Additionally, there is a concern that potential COIs may be migrating into the West Bay from treatment plant sludge that was used in the construction of a local golf course. The ecological evaluation will consist of a semi-quantitative ecological risk assessment, supported by two rounds of sediment and surface water samples collected from the aquatic environment surrounding the plant and associated areas of interest. Surface water and sediment samples will be analyzed for a variety of parameters including TCL volatile organic compounds, TCL semivolatile organic compounds, TCL pesticides/PCBs and Target Analyte List (TAL) inorganic constituents. The results of that sampling and the preliminary evaluation of the resulting data are presented in this paper.« less

Rapamycin Promotes Mouse 4T1 Tumor Metastasis that Can Be Reversed by a Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccine

PubMed Central

Lin, Tien-Jen; Liang, Wen-Miin; Hsiao, Pei-Wen; M. S, Pradeep; Wei, Wen-Chi; Lin, Hsin-Ting; Yin, Shu-Yi; Yang, Ning-Sun

2015-01-01

Suppression of tumor metastasis is a key strategy for successful cancer interventions. Previous studies indicated that rapamycin (sirolimus) may promote tumor regression activity or enhance immune response against tumor targets. However, rapamycin also exhibits immunosuppressant effects and is hence used clinically as an organ transplantation drug. We hypothesized that the immunosuppressive activities of rapamycin might also negatively mediate host immunity, resulting in promotion of tumor metastasis. In this study, the effects of rapamycin and phytochemical shikonin were investigated in vitro and in vivo in a 4T1 mouse mammary tumor model through quantitative assessment of immunogenic cell death (ICD), autophagy, tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor-bearing mice were immunized with test vaccines to monitor their effect on tumor metastasis. We found that intraperitoneal (ip) administration of rapamycin after a tumor-resection surgery drastically increased the metastatic activity of 4T1 tumors. Possible correlation of this finding to human cancers was suggested by epidemiological analysis of data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Since our previous studies showed that modified tumor cell lysate (TCL)-pulsed, dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccines can effectively suppress metastasis in mouse tumor models, we assessed whether such vaccines may help offset this rapamycin-promoted metastasis. We observed that shikonin efficiently induced ICD of 4T1 cells in culture, and DC vaccines pulsed with shikonin-treated TCL (SK-TCL-DC) significantly suppressed rapamycin-enhanced metastasis and Treg cell expansion in test mice. In conclusion, rapamycin treatment in mice (and perhaps in humans) promotes metastasis and the effect may be offset by treatment with a DC-based cancer vaccine. PMID:26426423

Growth Stimulation by Catecholamines in Plant Tissue/Organ Cultures 1

PubMed Central

Protacio, Calixto M.; Dai, Yao-ren; Lewis, Eldrin F.; Flores, Hector E.

1992-01-01

Addition of catecholamines at micromolar concentrations caused a dramatic stimulation of growth of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) thin cell layers (TCLs) and Acmella oppositifolia “hairy” root cultures. A threefold increase in the rate of ethylene evolution was observed in the catecholamine-treated explants. Aminooxyacetic acid and silver thiosulfate, inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis and action, respectively, reduced the growth-promoting effect of dopamine. However, these compounds alone could also inhibit the growth of the TCL explants. When ethylene in the culture vessel was depleted by trapping with mercuric perchlorate, dopamine-stimulated growth was still obtained, suggesting that ethylene does not mediate the dopamine effect. Dopamine potentiated the growth of TCLs grown in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with indoleacetic acid (IAA) and kinetin. When IAA was replaced by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, dopamine addition showed no growth-promoting effect. Instead, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid stimulated the growth of TCL explants to the same extent as that obtained with IAA plus dopamine. Because synthetic auxins do not appear to be substrates for IAA oxidizing enzymes, we hypothesized that catecholamines exert their effect by preventing IAA oxidation. Consistent with this explanation, dopamine (25 micromolar) inhibited IAA oxidase activity by 60 to 100% in crude enzyme extracts from tobacco roots and etiolated corn coleoptiles, but had no effect on peroxidase activity in the same extracts. Furthermore, addition of dopamine to TCL cultures resulted in a fourfold reduction in the oxidative degradation of [1-14C]IAA fed to the explants. Because the growth enhancement by catecholamines is observed in both IAA-requiring and IAA-independent cultures, we suggest that these aromatic amines may have a role in the regulation of IAA levels in vivo. ImagesFigure 2 PMID:16668653

Alterations of mitochondrial biogenesis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells with loss of p53

PubMed Central

Ogasawara, Marcia A.; Liu, Jinyun; Pelicano, Helene; Hammoudi, Naima; Croce, Carlo M.; Keating, Michael J.; Huang, Peng

2016-01-01

Deletion of chromosome 17p with a loss of p53 is an unfavorable cytogenetic change in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with poor clinical outcome. Since p53 affects mitochondrial function and integrity, we examined possible mitochondrial changes in CLL mice with TCL1-Tg/p53−/− and TCL1-Tg/p53+/+ genotypes and in primary leukemia cells from CLL patients with or without 17p-deletion. Although the expression of mitochondrial COX1, ND2, and ND6 decreased in p53−/−CLL cells, there was an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis as evidenced by higher mitochondrial mass and mtDNA copy number associated with an elevated expression of TFAM and PGC-1α. Surprisingly, the overall mitochondrial respiratory activity and maximum reserved capacity increased in p53−/− CLL cells. Our study suggests that leukemia cells lacking p53 seem able to maintain respiratory function by compensatory increase in mitochondrial biogenesis. PMID:27650502

Printable Functional Chips Based on Nanoparticle Assembly.

PubMed

Huang, Yu; Li, Wenbo; Qin, Meng; Zhou, Haihua; Zhang, Xingye; Li, Fengyu; Song, Yanlin

2017-01-01

With facile manufacturability and modifiability, impressive nanoparticles (NPs) assembly applications were performed for functional patterned devices, which have attracted booming research attention due to their increasing applications in high-performance optical/electrical devices for sensing, electronics, displays, and catalysis. By virtue of easy and direct fabrication to desired patterns, high throughput, and low cost, NPs assembly printing is one of the most promising candidates for the manufacturing of functional micro-chips. In this review, an overview of the fabrications and applications of NPs patterned assembly by printing methods, including inkjet printing, lithography, imprinting, and extended printing techniques is presented. The assembly processes and mechanisms on various substrates with distinct wettabilities are deeply discussed and summarized. Via manipulating the droplet three phase contact line (TCL) pinning or slipping, the NPs contracted in ink are controllably assembled following the TCL, and generate novel functional chips and correlative integrate devices. Finally, the perspective of future developments and challenges is presented and widely exhibited. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Targetable vulnerabilities in T- and NK-cell lymphomas identified through preclinical models.

PubMed

Ng, Samuel Y; Yoshida, Noriaki; Christie, Amanda L; Ghandi, Mahmoud; Dharia, Neekesh V; Dempster, Joshua; Murakami, Mark; Shigemori, Kay; Morrow, Sara N; Van Scoyk, Alexandria; Cordero, Nicolas A; Stevenson, Kristen E; Puligandla, Maneka; Haas, Brian; Lo, Christopher; Meyers, Robin; Gao, Galen; Cherniack, Andrew; Louissaint, Abner; Nardi, Valentina; Thorner, Aaron R; Long, Henry; Qiu, Xintao; Morgan, Elizabeth A; Dorfman, David M; Fiore, Danilo; Jang, Julie; Epstein, Alan L; Dogan, Ahmet; Zhang, Yanming; Horwitz, Steven M; Jacobsen, Eric D; Santiago, Solimar; Ren, Jian-Guo; Guerlavais, Vincent; Annis, D Allen; Aivado, Manuel; Saleh, Mansoor N; Mehta, Amitkumar; Tsherniak, Aviad; Root, David; Vazquez, Francisca; Hahn, William C; Inghirami, Giorgio; Aster, Jon C; Weinstock, David M; Koch, Raphael

2018-05-22

T- and NK-cell lymphomas (TCL) are a heterogenous group of lymphoid malignancies with poor prognosis. In contrast to B-cell and myeloid malignancies, there are few preclinical models of TCLs, which has hampered the development of effective therapeutics. Here we establish and characterize preclinical models of TCL. We identify multiple vulnerabilities that are targetable with currently available agents (e.g., inhibitors of JAK2 or IKZF1) and demonstrate proof-of-principle for biomarker-driven therapies using patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). We show that MDM2 and MDMX are targetable vulnerabilities within TP53-wild-type TCLs. ALRN-6924, a stapled peptide that blocks interactions between p53 and both MDM2 and MDMX has potent in vitro activity and superior in vivo activity across 8 different PDX models compared to the standard-of-care agent romidepsin. ALRN-6924 induced a complete remission in a patient with TP53-wild-type angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, demonstrating the potential for rapid translation of discoveries from subtype-specific preclinical models.

Generic command interpreter for robot controllers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Werner, J.

1991-04-09

Generic command interpreter programs have been written for robot controllers at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). Each interpreter program resides on a robot controller and interfaces the controller with a supervisory program on another (host) computer. We call these interpreter programs monitors because they wait, monitoring a communication line, for commands from the supervisory program. These monitors are designed to interface with the object-oriented software structure of the supervisory programs. The functions of the monitor programs are written in each robot controller's native language but reflect the object-oriented functions of the supervisory programs. These functions and other specifics of the monitormore » programs written for three different robots at SNL will be discussed. 4 refs., 4 figs.« less

Language Delays in Toddlers: Information for Parents

MedlinePlus

... Ribbon Commands Skip to main content Turn off Animations Turn on Animations Our Sponsors Log in | Register Menu Log in | ... you to spend lots of time playing with, reading to, and talking with your infant or toddler. ...

A users manual for the method of moments Aircraft Modeling Code (AMC), version 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Peters, M. E.; Newman, E. H.

1994-01-01

This report serves as a user's manual for Version 2 of the 'Aircraft Modeling Code' or AMC. AMC is a user-oriented computer code, based on the method of moments (MM), for the analysis of the radiation and/or scattering from geometries consisting of a main body or fuselage shape with attached wings and fins. The shape of the main body is described by defining its cross section at several stations along its length. Wings, fins, rotor blades, and radiating monopoles can then be attached to the main body. Although AMC was specifically designed for aircraft or helicopter shapes, it can also be applied to missiles, ships, submarines, jet inlets, automobiles, spacecraft, etc. The problem geometry and run control parameters are specified via a two character command language input format. This report describes the input command language and also includes several examples which illustrate typical code inputs and outputs.

A user's manual for the method of moments Aircraft Modeling Code (AMC)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Peters, M. E.; Newman, E. H.

1989-01-01

This report serves as a user's manual for the Aircraft Modeling Code or AMC. AMC is a user-oriented computer code, based on the method of moments (MM), for the analysis of the radiation and/or scattering from geometries consisting of a main body or fuselage shape with attached wings and fins. The shape of the main body is described by defining its cross section at several stations along its length. Wings, fins, rotor blades, and radiating monopoles can then be attached to the main body. Although AMC was specifically designed for aircraft or helicopter shapes, it can also be applied to missiles, ships, submarines, jet inlets, automobiles, spacecraft, etc. The problem geometry and run control parameters are specified via a two character command language input format. The input command language is described and several examples which illustrate typical code inputs and outputs are also included.

MatLab Script and Functional Programming

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shaykhian, Gholam Ali

2007-01-01

MatLab Script and Functional Programming: MatLab is one of the most widely used very high level programming languages for scientific and engineering computations. It is very user-friendly and needs practically no formal programming knowledge. Presented here are MatLab programming aspects and not just the MatLab commands for scientists and engineers who do not have formal programming training and also have no significant time to spare for learning programming to solve their real world problems. Specifically provided are programs for visualization. The MatLab seminar covers the functional and script programming aspect of MatLab language. Specific expectations are: a) Recognize MatLab commands, script and function. b) Create, and run a MatLab function. c) Read, recognize, and describe MatLab syntax. d) Recognize decisions, loops and matrix operators. e) Evaluate scope among multiple files, and multiple functions within a file. f) Declare, define and use scalar variables, vectors and matrices.

FMS: A Format Manipulation System for Automatic Production of Natural Language Documents, Second Edition. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Silver, Steven S.

FMS/3 is a system for producing hard copy documentation at high speed from free format text and command input. The system was originally written in assembler language for a 12K IBM 360 model 20 using a high speed 1403 printer with the UCS-TN chain option (upper and lower case). Input was from an IBM 2560 Multi-function Card Machine. The model 20…

Standard Port-Visit Cost Forecasting Model for U.S. Navy Husbanding Contracts

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-01

Protocol (HTTP) server.35 2. MySQL . An open-source database.36 3. PHP . A common scripting language used for Web development.37 E. IMPLEMENTATION OF...Inc. (2009). MySQL Community Server (Version 5.1) [Software]. Available from http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/ 37 The PHP Group (2009). PHP (Version...Logistics Services MySQL My Structured Query Language NAVSUP Navy Supply Systems Command NC Non-Contract Items NPS Naval Postgraduate

NASA Public Affairs and NUANCE Lab News Conference at Reno-Stead Airport.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-10-19

News Conference following the test of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) technical capability Level 2 (TCL2) at Reno-Stead Airport, Nevada. Joseph Rios, NASA Ames Aerospace Engineer and UTM Technical Lead, describes the purpose of the test and flight scenarios.

User's guide to programming fault injection and data acquisition in the SIFT environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Elks, Carl R.; Green, David F.; Palumbo, Daniel L.

1987-01-01

Described are the features, command language, and functional design of the SIFT (Software Implemented Fault Tolerance) fault injection and data acquisition interface software. The document is also intended to assist and guide the SIFT user in defining, developing, and executing SIFT fault injection experiments and the subsequent collection and reduction of that fault injection data. It is also intended to be used in conjunction with the SIFT User's Guide (NASA Technical Memorandum 86289) for reference to SIFT system commands, procedures and functions, and overall guidance in SIFT system programming.

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Robotic Processing System Program Automation Systems, volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dobbs, M. E.

1991-01-01

Topics related to robot operated materials processing in space (RoMPS) are presented in view graph form. Some of the areas covered include: (1) mission requirements; (2) automation management system; (3) Space Transportation System (STS) Hitchhicker Payload; (4) Spacecraft Command Language (SCL) scripts; (5) SCL software components; (6) RoMPS EasyLab Command & Variable summary for rack stations and annealer module; (7) support electronics assembly; (8) SCL uplink packet definition; (9) SC-4 EasyLab System Memory Map; (10) Servo Axis Control Logic Suppliers; and (11) annealing oven control subsystem.

Using the FORTH Language to Develop an ICU Data Acquisition System

PubMed Central

Goldberg, Arthur; SooHoo, Spencer L.; Koerner, Spencer K.; Chang, Robert S. Y.

1980-01-01

This paper describes a powerful programming tool that should be considered as an alternative to the more conventional programming languages now in use for developing medical computer systems. Forth provides instantaneous response to user commands, rapid program execution and tremendous programming versatility. An operating system and a language in one carefully designed unit, Forth is well suited for developing data acquisition systems and for interfacing computers to other instruments. We present some of the general features of Forth and describe its use in implementing a data collection system for a Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU).

Programming Language Software For Graphics Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beckman, Brian C.

1993-01-01

New approach reduces repetitive development of features common to different applications. High-level programming language and interactive environment with access to graphical hardware and software created by adding graphical commands and other constructs to standardized, general-purpose programming language, "Scheme". Designed for use in developing other software incorporating interactive computer-graphics capabilities into application programs. Provides alternative to programming entire applications in C or FORTRAN, specifically ameliorating design and implementation of complex control and data structures typifying applications with interactive graphics. Enables experimental programming and rapid development of prototype software, and yields high-level programs serving as executable versions of software-design documentation.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number: 890420W1. 10075 International Business Machines Corporation. IBM Development System, for the Ada Language CMS/MVS Ada Cross Compiler, Version 2.1.1 IBM 3083 Host and IBM 4381 Target

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-04-20

International business Machines Corporati,:i IBM Development System for the Ada Language, CMS/MVS Ada Cross Compiler, Version 2.1.1, Wright-Patterson AFB, IBM...VALIDATION SUMMARY REPORT: Certificate Number: 890420W1.10075 International Business Machines Corporation IBM Development System for the Ada Language CMS...command scripts provided by International Business Machines Corporation and reviewed by the validation team. The compiler was tested using all default

A Call to Action

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas, P. L.

2003-01-01

University educator P. L. Thomas recalls the significant figures in his professional life and, drawing from their example, exhorts us to "command the daily events of our own careers." He outlines specific actions that he believes English language arts teachers must take.

Understanding a technical language: A schema-based approach

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Falzon, P.

1984-01-01

Workers in many job categories tend to develop technical languages, which are restricted subjects of natural language. A better knowledge of these retrictions provides guidelines for the design of the restricted languages of interactive systems. Accordingly, a technical language used by air-traffic controllers in their communications with pilots was studied. A method of analysis is presented that allows the schemata underlying each category of messages to be identified. This schematic knowledge was implemented in programs, which assume that the goal-oriented aspect of technical languages (and particularly the restricted domain of discourse) limits the processes and the data necessary in order to understand the messages (monosemy, limited vocabulary, evocation of the schemata by some command words, absence of syntax). The programs can interpret, and translate into sequences of action, the messages emitted by the controllers.

Using XML and Java for Astronomical Instrument Control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koons, L.; Ames, T.; Evans, R.; Warsaw, C.; Sall, K.

1999-12-01

Traditionally, instrument command and control systems have been highly specialized, consisting mostly of custom code that is difficult to develop, maintain, and extend. Such solutions are initially very costly and are inflexible to subsequent engineering change requests. Instrument description is too tightly coupled with details of implementation. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and AppNet, Inc. are developing a very general and highly extensible framework that applies to virtually any kind of instrument that can be controlled by a computer (e.g., telescopes, microscopes and printers). A key aspect of the object-oriented architecture, implemented in Java, involves software that is driven by an instrument description. The Astronomical Instrument Markup Language (AIML) is a domain-specific implementation of the more generalized Instrument Markup Language (IML). The software architecture combines the platform-independent processing capabilities of Java with the vendor-independent data description syntax of Extensible Markup Language (XML), a human-readable and machine-understandable way to describe structured data. IML is used to describe command sets (including parameters, datatypes, and constraints) and their associated formats, telemetry, and communication mechanisms. The software uses this description to present graphical user interfaces to control and monitor the instrument. Recent efforts have extended to command procedures (scripting) and representation of data pipeline inputs, outputs, and connections. Near future efforts are likely to include an XML description of data visualizations, as well as the potential use of XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language) to permit astronomers to customize the user interface on several levels: per user, instrument, subsystem, or observatory-wide. Our initial prototyping effort was targeted for HAWC (High-resolution Airborne Wideband Camera), a first-light instrument of SOFIA (the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy). A production-level application of this technology is for one of the three candidate detectors of SPIRE (Spectral and Photometric Imaging REceiver), a focal plane instrument proposed for the European Space Agency's Far Infrared Space Telescope. The detectors are being developed by the Infrared Astrophysics Branch of NASA/GSFC.

78 FR 32081 - Airworthiness Directives; Aircraft Industries a.s. Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-29

... Injection System WATER INJECTION circuit ON breakter. TCL TQ=min. 60% WATER INJECTION/ON push- Push and hold till amber button. WATER INJECTION signal comes on (on the front control panel) Before throttling back power: WATER INJECTION/OFF push- Push and check amber button. WATER INJECTION signal extinguishes...

Real time programming environment for Windows, Appendix A

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1998-04-05

This appendix contains all source code for the RTProE system. The following file contents are included: pdb.h; hgen.l; hgen.y; igen.l; igen.y; pdm.l; pdm.y; rtdata.l; rtdata.y; framegen.c; librt.c; librt.h; rtsched.c; build.tsh; sde.tcl; rtsched.def.

Establishing Theater Command and Control In a Coalition of Nations: Requirements for U.S. Doctrine

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-05-01

difficult and time consuming to establish effective coalition relations . Given the above, US doctrine for coalition theater C2 must go beyond the...make a disproportionate effort to do so. Related to the shared cultural heritage Is a common religious history. Both nations were predominantly Judeo...Inhibited. 6 The language difference too was substantial. The Korean language, Hangul, Is related to Chinese, but with Its own alphabet, one that bears no

Laboratory process control using natural language commands from a personal computer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Will, Herbert A.; Mackin, Michael A.

1989-01-01

PC software is described which provides flexible natural language process control capability with an IBM PC or compatible machine. Hardware requirements include the PC, and suitable hardware interfaces to all controlled devices. Software required includes the Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) operating system, a PC-based FORTRAN-77 compiler, and user-written device drivers. Instructions for use of the software are given as well as a description of an application of the system.

Toward Optimization of Gaze-Controlled Human-Computer Interaction: Application to Hindi Virtual Keyboard for Stroke Patients.

PubMed

Meena, Yogesh Kumar; Cecotti, Hubert; Wong-Lin, Kongfatt; Dutta, Ashish; Prasad, Girijesh

2018-04-01

Virtual keyboard applications and alternative communication devices provide new means of communication to assist disabled people. To date, virtual keyboard optimization schemes based on script-specific information, along with multimodal input access facility, are limited. In this paper, we propose a novel method for optimizing the position of the displayed items for gaze-controlled tree-based menu selection systems by considering a combination of letter frequency and command selection time. The optimized graphical user interface layout has been designed for a Hindi language virtual keyboard based on a menu wherein 10 commands provide access to type 88 different characters, along with additional text editing commands. The system can be controlled in two different modes: eye-tracking alone and eye-tracking with an access soft-switch. Five different keyboard layouts have been presented and evaluated with ten healthy participants. Furthermore, the two best performing keyboard layouts have been evaluated with eye-tracking alone on ten stroke patients. The overall performance analysis demonstrated significantly superior typing performance, high usability (87% SUS score), and low workload (NASA TLX with 17 scores) for the letter frequency and time-based organization with script specific arrangement design. This paper represents the first optimized gaze-controlled Hindi virtual keyboard, which can be extended to other languages.

Left seat command or leadership flight, leadership training and research at North Central Airlines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Foster, G. C.; Garvey, M. C.

1980-01-01

The need for flight leadership training for flight deck crewmembers is addressed. A management grid is also described which provides a quantitative management language against which any number of management behaviors can be measured.

Full-text, Downloading, & Other Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tenopir, Carol

1983-01-01

Issues having a possible impact on online search services in libraries are discussed including full text databases, front-end processors which translate user's input into the command language of an appropriate system, downloading to create personal files from commercial databases, and pricing. (EJS)

Design, implementation and flight testing of PIF autopilots for general aviation aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Broussard, J. R.

1983-01-01

The designs of Proportional-Integrated-Filter (PIF) auto-pilots for a General Aviation (NAVION) aircraft are presented. The PIF autopilot uses the sampled-data regulator and command generator tracking to determine roll select, pitch select, heading select, altitude select and localizer/glideslope capture and hold autopilot modes. The PIF control law uses typical General Aviation sensors for state feedback, command error integration for command tracking, digital complementary filtering and analog prefiltering for sensor noise suppression, a control filter for computation delay accommodation and the incremental form to eliminate trim values in implementation. Theoretical developments described in detail, were needed to combine the sampled-data regulator with command generator tracking for use as a digital flight control system. The digital PIF autopilots are evaluated using closed-loop eigenvalues and linear simulations. The implementation of the PIF autopilots in a digital flight computer using a high order language (FORTRAN) is briefly described. The successful flight test results for each PIF autopilot mode is presented.

MIA - A free and open source software for gray scale medical image analysis

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Gray scale images make the bulk of data in bio-medical image analysis, and hence, the main focus of many image processing tasks lies in the processing of these monochrome images. With ever improving acquisition devices, spatial and temporal image resolution increases, and data sets become very large. Various image processing frameworks exists that make the development of new algorithms easy by using high level programming languages or visual programming. These frameworks are also accessable to researchers that have no background or little in software development because they take care of otherwise complex tasks. Specifically, the management of working memory is taken care of automatically, usually at the price of requiring more it. As a result, processing large data sets with these tools becomes increasingly difficult on work station class computers. One alternative to using these high level processing tools is the development of new algorithms in a languages like C++, that gives the developer full control over how memory is handled, but the resulting workflow for the prototyping of new algorithms is rather time intensive, and also not appropriate for a researcher with little or no knowledge in software development. Another alternative is in using command line tools that run image processing tasks, use the hard disk to store intermediate results, and provide automation by using shell scripts. Although not as convenient as, e.g. visual programming, this approach is still accessable to researchers without a background in computer science. However, only few tools exist that provide this kind of processing interface, they are usually quite task specific, and don’t provide an clear approach when one wants to shape a new command line tool from a prototype shell script. Results The proposed framework, MIA, provides a combination of command line tools, plug-ins, and libraries that make it possible to run image processing tasks interactively in a command shell and to prototype by using the according shell scripting language. Since the hard disk becomes the temporal storage memory management is usually a non-issue in the prototyping phase. By using string-based descriptions for filters, optimizers, and the likes, the transition from shell scripts to full fledged programs implemented in C++ is also made easy. In addition, its design based on atomic plug-ins and single tasks command line tools makes it easy to extend MIA, usually without the requirement to touch or recompile existing code. Conclusion In this article, we describe the general design of MIA, a general purpouse framework for gray scale image processing. We demonstrated the applicability of the software with example applications from three different research scenarios, namely motion compensation in myocardial perfusion imaging, the processing of high resolution image data that arises in virtual anthropology, and retrospective analysis of treatment outcome in orthognathic surgery. With MIA prototyping algorithms by using shell scripts that combine small, single-task command line tools is a viable alternative to the use of high level languages, an approach that is especially useful when large data sets need to be processed. PMID:24119305

MIA - A free and open source software for gray scale medical image analysis.

PubMed

Wollny, Gert; Kellman, Peter; Ledesma-Carbayo, María-Jesus; Skinner, Matthew M; Hublin, Jean-Jaques; Hierl, Thomas

2013-10-11

Gray scale images make the bulk of data in bio-medical image analysis, and hence, the main focus of many image processing tasks lies in the processing of these monochrome images. With ever improving acquisition devices, spatial and temporal image resolution increases, and data sets become very large.Various image processing frameworks exists that make the development of new algorithms easy by using high level programming languages or visual programming. These frameworks are also accessable to researchers that have no background or little in software development because they take care of otherwise complex tasks. Specifically, the management of working memory is taken care of automatically, usually at the price of requiring more it. As a result, processing large data sets with these tools becomes increasingly difficult on work station class computers.One alternative to using these high level processing tools is the development of new algorithms in a languages like C++, that gives the developer full control over how memory is handled, but the resulting workflow for the prototyping of new algorithms is rather time intensive, and also not appropriate for a researcher with little or no knowledge in software development.Another alternative is in using command line tools that run image processing tasks, use the hard disk to store intermediate results, and provide automation by using shell scripts. Although not as convenient as, e.g. visual programming, this approach is still accessable to researchers without a background in computer science. However, only few tools exist that provide this kind of processing interface, they are usually quite task specific, and don't provide an clear approach when one wants to shape a new command line tool from a prototype shell script. The proposed framework, MIA, provides a combination of command line tools, plug-ins, and libraries that make it possible to run image processing tasks interactively in a command shell and to prototype by using the according shell scripting language. Since the hard disk becomes the temporal storage memory management is usually a non-issue in the prototyping phase. By using string-based descriptions for filters, optimizers, and the likes, the transition from shell scripts to full fledged programs implemented in C++ is also made easy. In addition, its design based on atomic plug-ins and single tasks command line tools makes it easy to extend MIA, usually without the requirement to touch or recompile existing code. In this article, we describe the general design of MIA, a general purpouse framework for gray scale image processing. We demonstrated the applicability of the software with example applications from three different research scenarios, namely motion compensation in myocardial perfusion imaging, the processing of high resolution image data that arises in virtual anthropology, and retrospective analysis of treatment outcome in orthognathic surgery. With MIA prototyping algorithms by using shell scripts that combine small, single-task command line tools is a viable alternative to the use of high level languages, an approach that is especially useful when large data sets need to be processed.

Turtlegraphics: A Comparison of Logo and Turbo Pascal.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

VanLengen, Craig A.

1989-01-01

The integrated compiler of the Turbo Pascal environment allows the execution of a completed program independent of the developed environment and with greater execution speed, in comparison with LOGO. Conversion table of turtle-graphic commands for the two languages is presented. (Author/YP)

Service Oriented Architecture for Coast Guard Command and Control

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-01

Operations BPEL4WS The Business Process Execution Language for Web Services BPMN Business Process Modeling Notation CASP Computer Aided Search Planning...Business Process Modeling Notation ( BPMN ) provides a standardized graphical notation for drawing business processes in a workflow. Software tools

Software Engineering Laboratory (SEL) programmer workbench phase 1 evaluation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1981-01-01

Phase 1 of the SEL programmer workbench consists of the design of the following three components: communications link, command language processor, and collection of software aids. A brief description, and evaluation, and recommendations are presented for each of these three components.

Assessment of communication abilities in multilingual children: Language rights or human rights?

PubMed

Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena

2018-02-01

Communication involves a sender, a receiver and a shared code operating through shared rules. Breach of communication results from disruption to any of these basic components of a communicative chain, although assessment of communication abilities typically focuses on senders/receivers, on two assumptions: first, that their command of features and rules of the language in question (the code), such as sounds, words or word order, as described in linguists' theorisations, represents the full scope of linguistic competence; and second, that languages are stable, homogeneous entities, unaffected by their users' communicative needs. Bypassing the role of the code in successful communication assigns decisive rights to abstract languages rather than to real-life language users, routinely leading to suspected or diagnosed speech-language disorder in academic and clinical assessment of multilingual children's communicative skills. This commentary reflects on whether code-driven assessment practices comply with the spirit of Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

The WORM site: worm.csirc.net

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jones, T.

2000-07-01

The Write One, Run Many (WORM) site (worm.csirc.net) is the on-line home of the WORM language and is hosted by the Criticality Safety Information Resource Center (CSIRC) (www.csirc.net). The purpose of this web site is to create an on-line community for WORM users to gather, share, and archive WORM-related information. WORM is an embedded, functional, programming language designed to facilitate the creation of input decks for computer codes that take standard ASCII text files as input. A functional programming language is one that emphasizes the evaluation of expressions, rather than execution of commands. The simplest and perhaps most common examplemore » of a functional language is a spreadsheet such as Microsoft Excel. The spreadsheet user specifies expressions to be evaluated, while the spreadsheet itself determines the commands to execute, as well as the order of execution/evaluation. WORM functions in a similar fashion and, as a result, is very simple to use and easy to learn. WORM improves the efficiency of today's criticality safety analyst by allowing: (1) input decks for parameter studies to be created quickly and easily; (2) calculations and variables to be embedded into any input deck, thus allowing for meaningful parameter specifications; (3) problems to be specified using any combination of units; and (4) complex mathematically defined models to be created. WORM is completely written in Perl. Running on all variants of UNIX, Windows, MS-DOS, MacOS, and many other operating systems, Perl is one of the most portable programming languages available. As such, WORM works on practically any computer platform.« less

The CEBAF Element Database

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Theodore Larrieu, Christopher Slominski, Michele Joyce

2011-03-01

With the inauguration of the CEBAF Element Database (CED) in Fall 2010, Jefferson Lab computer scientists have taken a step toward the eventual goal of a model-driven accelerator. Once fully populated, the database will be the primary repository of information used for everything from generating lattice decks to booting control computers to building controls screens. A requirement influencing the CED design is that it provide access to not only present, but also future and past configurations of the accelerator. To accomplish this, an introspective database schema was designed that allows new elements, types, and properties to be defined on-the-fly withmore » no changes to table structure. Used in conjunction with Oracle Workspace Manager, it allows users to query data from any time in the database history with the same tools used to query the present configuration. Users can also check-out workspaces to use as staging areas for upcoming machine configurations. All Access to the CED is through a well-documented Application Programming Interface (API) that is translated automatically from original C++ source code into native libraries for scripting languages such as perl, php, and TCL making access to the CED easy and ubiquitous.« less

Basic principles of a flexible astronomical data processing system in UNIX environment.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Verkhodanov, O. V.; Erukhimov, B. L.; Monosov, M. L.; Chernenkov, V. N.; Shergin, V. S.

Methods of construction of a flexible system for astronomical data processing (FADPS) are described. An example of construction of such a FADPS for continuum radiometer data of the RATAN-600 is presented. The Job Control Language of this system is the Job Control Language of OS UNIX. It is shown that using basic commands of the data processing system (DPS) a user, knowing basic principles of Job in OS UNIX, can create his own mini-DPS. Examples of such mini-DPSs are presented.

Ada (Tradename) Compiler Validation Summary Report. International Business Machines Corporation. IBM Development System for the Ada Language for MVS, Version 1.0. IBM 4381 (IBM System/370) under MVS.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-05-05

AVF-VSR-36.0187 Ada" COMPILER VALIDATION SUMMARY REPORT: International Business Machines Corporation IBM Development System for the Ada Language for...withdrawn from ACVC Version 1.7 were not run. The compiler was tested using command scripts provided by International Business Machines Corporation. These...APPENDIX A COMPLIANCE STATEMENT International Business Machines Corporation has submitted the following compliance statement concerning the IBM

Boutiques: a flexible framework to integrate command-line applications in computing platforms.

PubMed

Glatard, Tristan; Kiar, Gregory; Aumentado-Armstrong, Tristan; Beck, Natacha; Bellec, Pierre; Bernard, Rémi; Bonnet, Axel; Brown, Shawn T; Camarasu-Pop, Sorina; Cervenansky, Frédéric; Das, Samir; Ferreira da Silva, Rafael; Flandin, Guillaume; Girard, Pascal; Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J; Guttmann, Charles R G; Hayot-Sasson, Valérie; Quirion, Pierre-Olivier; Rioux, Pierre; Rousseau, Marc-Étienne; Evans, Alan C

2018-05-01

We present Boutiques, a system to automatically publish, integrate, and execute command-line applications across computational platforms. Boutiques applications are installed through software containers described in a rich and flexible JSON language. A set of core tools facilitates the construction, validation, import, execution, and publishing of applications. Boutiques is currently supported by several distinct virtual research platforms, and it has been used to describe dozens of applications in the neuroinformatics domain. We expect Boutiques to improve the quality of application integration in computational platforms, to reduce redundancy of effort, to contribute to computational reproducibility, and to foster Open Science.

GAP: yet another image processing system for solar observations.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Keller, C. U.

GAP is a versatile, interactive image processing system for analyzing solar observations, in particular extended time sequences, and for preparing publication quality figures. It consists of an interpreter that is based on a language with a control flow similar to PASCAL and C. The interpreter may be accessed from a command line editor and from user-supplied functions, procedures, and command scripts. GAP is easily expandable via external FORTRAN programs that are linked to the GAP interface routines. The current version of GAP runs on VAX, DECstation, Sun, and Apollo computers. Versions for MS-DOS and OS/2 are in preparation.

A Comparison of Internet-Based Learning and Traditional Classroom Lecture to Learn CPR for Continuing Medical Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hemmati, Nima; Omrani, Soghra; Hemmati, Naser

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to compare the satisfaction and effectiveness of Internet-based learning (IBL) and traditional classroom lecture (TCL) for continuing medical education (CME) programs by comparing final resuscitation exam results of physicians who received the newest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) curriculum guidelines training…

UTM Technical Capabilities Level 2 (TLC2) Test at Reno-Stead Airport.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-10-06

Test of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) technical capability Level 2 (TCL2) at Reno-Stead Airport, Nevada. During the test, five drones simultaneously crossed paths, separated by altitude. Two drones flew beyond visual line-of-sight and three flew within line-of-sight of their operators.

NASA Public Affairs and NUANCE Lab News Conference at Reno-Stead Airport.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-10-19

News Conference following the test of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) technical capability Level 2 (TCL2) at Reno-Stead Airport, Nevada. Parimal Kopardekar, NASA Ames Senior Engineer for Ait Transportation Systems gave an overview of UTM (Left). Huy Tran, NASA Ames Aeronautics Director, presents NASA UTM Project Overview.

Fabrication of Crack-Free Photonic Crystal Films on Superhydrophobic Nanopin Surface.

PubMed

Xia, Tian; Luo, Wenhao; Hu, Fan; Qiu, Wu; Zhang, Zhisen; Lin, Youhui; Liu, Xiang Yang

2017-07-05

On the basis of their superior optical performance, photonic crystals (PCs) have been investigated as excellent candidates for widespread applications including sensors, displays, separation processes, and catalysis. However, fabrication of structurally controllable large-area PC assemblies with no defects is still a tough task. Herein, we develop an effective strategy for preparing centimeter-scale crack-free photonic crystal films by the combined effects of soft assembly and superhydrophobic nanopin surfaces. Owing to its large contact angle and low-adhesive force on the superhydrophobic substrate, the colloidal suspension exhibits a continuous retraction of the three-phase (gas-liquid-solid) contact line (TCL) in the process of solvent (water molecules) evaporation. The constantly receding TCL can bring the colloidal spheres closer to each other, which could timely close the gaps due to the loss of water molecules. As a result, close-packed and well-ordered assembly structures can be easily obtained. We expect that this work may pave the way to utilize novel superhydrophobic materials for designing and developing high-quality PCs and to apply PCs in different fields.

Time-Tag Generation Script

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jackson, Dan E.

2010-01-01

Time-Tag Generation Script (TTaGS) is an application program, written in the AWK scripting language, for generating commands for aiming one Ku-band antenna and two S-band antennas for communicating with spacecraft. TTaGS saves between 2 and 4 person-hours per every 24 hours by automating the repetitious process of building between 150 and 180 antenna-control commands. TTaGS reads a text database of communication satellite schedules and a text database of satellite rise and set times and cross-references items in the two databases. It then compares the scheduled start and stop with the geometric rise and set to compute the times to execute antenna control commands. While so doing, TTaGS determines whether to generate commands for guidance, navigation, and control computers to tell them which satellites to track. To help prevent Ku-band irradiation of the Earth, TTaGS accepts input from the user about horizon tolerance and accordingly restricts activation and effects deactivation of the transmitter. TTaGS can be modified easily to enable tracking of additional satellites and for such other tasks as reading Sun-rise/set tables to generate commands to point the solar photovoltaic arrays of the International Space Station at the Sun.

Secure Web-based Ground System User Interfaces over the Open Internet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Langston, James H.; Murray, Henry L.; Hunt, Gary R.

1998-01-01

A prototype has been developed which makes use of commercially available products in conjunction with the Java programming language to provide a secure user interface for command and control over the open Internet. This paper reports successful demonstration of: (1) Security over the Internet, including encryption and certification; (2) Integration of Java applets with a COTS command and control product; (3) Remote spacecraft commanding using the Internet. The Java-based Spacecraft Web Interface to Telemetry and Command Handling (Jswitch) ground system prototype provides these capabilities. This activity demonstrates the use and integration of current technologies to enable a spacecraft engineer or flight operator to monitor and control a spacecraft from a user interface communicating over the open Internet using standard World Wide Web (WWW) protocols and commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products. The core command and control functions are provided by the COTS Epoch 2000 product. The standard WWW tools and browsers are used in conjunction with the Java programming technology. Security is provided with the current encryption and certification technology. This system prototype is a step in the direction of giving scientist and flight operators Web-based access to instrument, payload, and spacecraft data.

A Beginner's Sequence of Programming Activities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Slesnick, Twila

1984-01-01

Presents various programing activities using the BASIC and LOGO programing languages. Activities are included in separate sections with a title indicating the nature of the activities and the "tools" (commands) needed. For example, "Old-fashioned drawing" requires several tools (PRINT, LIST, RUN, GOTO) to make drawings using…

Multi-processing control system for the SEL 840MP (MPCS/1) users guide. Volume 2: Operations guide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

The generation and operational use of the SEL 840MP multiprocessing control system (MPCS) are considered. System initialization, job task table generation, the MPCS command language, display library generation, and system error summary are reviewed.

Stan: Statistical inference

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stan Development Team

2018-01-01

Stan facilitates statistical inference at the frontiers of applied statistics and provides both a modeling language for specifying complex statistical models and a library of statistical algorithms for computing inferences with those models. These components are exposed through interfaces in environments such as R, Python, and the command line.

Using Natural Approach Teaching Techniques.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whitman, Charles

1986-01-01

Describes a beginning foreign language class applying the principles of Stephen Krashen's "Natural Approach" and James Asher's "Total Physical Response" method. Initially students carry out the instructor's commands in the form of actions rather than being required to speak. In later stages role play and simple discussions are…

A conceptual design for an integrated data base management system for remote sensing data. [user requirements and data processing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maresca, P. A.; Lefler, R. M.

1978-01-01

The requirements of potential users were considered in the design of an integrated data base management system, developed to be independent of any specific computer or operating system, and to be used to support investigations in weather and climate. Ultimately, the system would expand to include data from the agriculture, hydrology, and related Earth resources disciplines. An overview of the system and its capabilities is presented. Aspects discussed cover the proposed interactive command language; the application program command language; storage and tabular data maintained by the regional data base management system; the handling of data files and the use of system standard formats; various control structures required to support the internal architecture of the system; and the actual system architecture with the various modules needed to implement the system. The concepts on which the relational data model is based; data integrity, consistency, and quality; and provisions for supporting concurrent access to data within the system are covered in the appendices.

Genome-Wide Associations and Functional Genomic Studies of Musculoskeletal Adverse Events in Women Receiving Aromatase Inhibitors

PubMed Central

Ingle, James N.; Schaid, Daniel J.; Goss, Paul E.; Liu, Mohan; Mushiroda, Taisei; Chapman, Judy-Anne W.; Kubo, Michiaki; Jenkins, Gregory D.; Batzler, Anthony; Shepherd, Lois; Pater, Joseph; Wang, Liewei; Ellis, Matthew J.; Stearns, Vered; Rohrer, Daniel C.; Goetz, Matthew P.; Pritchard, Kathleen I.; Flockhart, David A.; Nakamura, Yusuke; Weinshilboum, Richard M.

2010-01-01

Purpose We performed a case-control genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with musculoskeletal adverse events (MS-AEs) in women treated with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) for early breast cancer. Patients and Methods A nested case-control design was used to select patients enrolled onto the MA.27 phase III trial comparing anastrozole with exemestane. Cases were matched to two controls and were defined as patients with grade 3 or 4 MS-AEs (according to the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0) or those who discontinued treatment for any grade of MS-AE within the first 2 years. Genotyping was performed with the Illumina Human610-Quad BeadChip. Results The GWAS included 293 cases and 585 controls. A total of 551,358 SNPs were analyzed, followed by imputation and fine mapping of a region of interest on chromosome 14. Four SNPs on chromosome 14 had the lowest P values (2.23E-06 to 6.67E-07). T-cell leukemia 1A (TCL1A) was the gene closest (926-7000 bp) to the four SNPs. Functional genomic studies revealed that one of these SNPs (rs11849538) created an estrogen response element and that TCL1A expression was estrogen dependent, was associated with the variant SNP genotypes in estradiol-treated lymphoblastoid cells transfected with estrogen receptor alpha and was directly related to interleukin 17 receptor A (IL17RA) expression. Conclusion This GWAS identified SNPs associated with MS-AEs in women treated with AIs and with a gene (TCL1A) which, in turn, was related to a cytokine (IL17). These findings provide a focus for further research to identify patients at risk for MS-AEs and to explore the mechanisms for these adverse events. PMID:20876420

The Importance of Capturing Topographic Features for Modeling Groundwater Flow and Transport in Mountainous Watersheds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, C.; Gomez-Velez, J. D.; Wilson, J. L.

2017-12-01

Groundwater plays a key role in runoff generation and stream water chemistry from reach to watershed scales. The spatial distribution of ridges and streams can influence the spatial patterns of groundwater recharge and drainage, specially in mountainous terrains where these features are more prominent. However, typical modeling efforts simplify or ignore some of these features due to computational limitations without a systematic investigation of the implications for flow and transport within the watershed. In this study, we investigate the effect of capturing key topographic features on modeled groundwater flow and transport characteristics in a mountainous watershed. We build model scenarios of different topographic complexity levels (TCLs) to capture different levels of representation of streams and ridges in the model. Modeled baseflow and groundwater mean residence time (MRT) are used to quantify the differences among TCLs. Our results show that capturing the streams and ridges has a significant influence on simulated groundwater flow and transport patterns. Topographic complexity controls the proportion of baseflow generated from local, intermediate, and regional flow paths, thus influencing the amount and MRT of basefow flowing into streams of different Horton-Strahler orders. We further simulate the concentration of solute exported into streams from subsurface chemical weathering. The concentration of chemical weathering products in streams is less sensitive to model TCL due to the thermodynamic constraint on the equilibrium concentration of the chemical weathering. We also tested the influence of geology on the effect of TCL. The effect of TCL is consistent under different geological conditions; however, it is enhanced in models with low hydraulic conductivity because more of the flow is forced into shallow and local flow paths. All of these changes can affect our ability to interpret environmental tracer data and predict bio- and geo-chemical evolution of stream water in mountainous watersheds.

[Effect of glucidic and fat total parenteral nutrition on macrophage phagocytosis in rats].

PubMed

Cukier, C; Waitzberg, D L; Soares, S R; Logullo, A F; Bacchi, C E; Travassos, V H; Saldiva, P H; Torrinhas, R S; de Oliveira, T S

1997-01-01

Fat lipid emulsions in Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) have been associated to Mononuclear Phagocytary System (MPS) changes. Intravenous lipid emulsions may alter macrophage membrane composition but there are controversies about their effects on MPS function. The aim of the present investigation was to assess the influence of fat free TPN and fat emulsions TPN on the macrophage phagocytosis. Wistar rats (70) with external jugular vein canulation were divided in seven groups. The rats received, intravenously (i.v.) different isocaloric (1.16 kcal/mL), isonitrogenous (1.5 g/mL), and isolipidic (30 to 32% of non-proteic caloric value) TPN regimens or oral diet: 1) Group OS: oral diet with i.v. infusion of saline; 2) Group GLU: fat-free TPN; 3) Group LCT: TPN with 10% long chain triglecide emulsion (TCL); 6) Group MCT: TPN with 10% lipid emulsion with medium chain triglycerides (TCM-50%) and TCL (50%). After 96 hours of TPN or saline infusion, colloidal carbon was i.v. injected at 1.0 mL/kg body weight. The rats were sacrificed after three hours. Liver, spleen and lung were weighted and studied by immunohistochemistry by the avidine-biotine method. Under light microscopy the total macrophage number (MT) and colloidal carbon phagocytic macrophages number (MF) were established. Phagocytic index was MT/MF x 100. The results were statistically analysed (p < 0.05). The group under oral diet (OS) was the only one to gain weight. There were no differences in organ weight in any group. There were changes in MT, MF and phagocytic index in all TPN groups. Fat free TPN inhibited liver, spleen and lung macrophage phagocytosis. Fat TPN with TCL inhibited liver and lung macrophage phagocytosis. At conclusion fat free TPN or with long chain tryglicerides may inhibit MPS phagocytosis. Further studies are necessary to estabilish the effect of TPN on other MPS function.

Recent Developments in Transformational Grammar.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacobs, Roderick A.

1969-01-01

In the years following the appearance of Noam Chomsky's book, "Syntactic Structures," in 1957, transformational grammarians modified and improved his initial model of language. The notion of a deep structure of meaning underlying a sentence's surface structure was revised to embody elements representing negation, command, and interrogation, and to…

Automated System Organizations Under Spatial Grasp Technology

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

Schade, M. R Hieb, “Formalizing Battle Management Language: A Grammar for Specifying Orders”, Paper 06S- SIW -068, 2006 Spring Simulation...Interoperability Workshop (Paper 06S- SIW -068), Huntsville, Alabama, April 2006. [13] U. Schade, M. R. Hieb, M. Frey, K. Rein, “Command and Control Lexical

Speech recognition training for enhancing written language generation by a traumatic brain injury survivor.

PubMed

Manasse, N J; Hux, K; Rankin-Erickson, J L

2000-11-01

Impairments in motor functioning, language processing, and cognitive status may impact the written language performance of traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors. One strategy to minimize the impact of these impairments is to use a speech recognition system. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of mild dysarthria and mild cognitive-communication deficits secondary to TBI on a 19-year-old survivor's mastery and use of such a system-specifically, Dragon Naturally Speaking. Data included the % of the participant's words accurately perceived by the system over time, the participant's accuracy over time in using commands for navigation and error correction, and quantitative and qualitative changes in the participant's written texts generated with and without the use of the speech recognition system. Results showed that Dragon NaturallySpeaking was approximately 80% accurate in perceiving words spoken by the participant, and the participant quickly and easily mastered all navigation and error correction commands presented. Quantitatively, the participant produced a greater amount of text using traditional word processing and a standard keyboard than using the speech recognition system. Minimal qualitative differences appeared between writing samples. Discussion of factors that may have contributed to the obtained results and that may affect the generalization of the findings to other TBI survivors is provided.

Shuttle avionics and the goal language including the impact of error detection and redundancy management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Flanders, J. H.; Helmers, C. T.; Stanten, S. F.

1973-01-01

The relationship is examined between the space shuttle onboard avionics and the ground test computer language GOAL when used in the onboard computers. The study is aimed at providing system analysis support to the feasibility analysis of a GOAL to HAL translator, where HAL is the language used to program the onboard computers for flight. The subject is dealt with in three aspects. First, the system configuration at checkout, the general checkout and launch sequences, and the inventory of subsystems are described. Secondly, the hierarchic organization of onboard software and different ways of introducing GOAL-derived software onboard are described. Also the flow of commands and test data during checkout is diagrammed. Finally, possible impact of error detection and redundancy management on the GOAL language is discussed.

Improve Problem Solving Skills through Adapting Programming Tools

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shaykhian, Linda H.; Shaykhian, Gholam Ali

2007-01-01

There are numerous ways for engineers and students to become better problem-solvers. The use of command line and visual programming tools can help to model a problem and formulate a solution through visualization. The analysis of problem attributes and constraints provide insight into the scope and complexity of the problem. The visualization aspect of the problem-solving approach tends to make students and engineers more systematic in their thought process and help them catch errors before proceeding too far in the wrong direction. The problem-solver identifies and defines important terms, variables, rules, and procedures required for solving a problem. Every step required to construct the problem solution can be defined in program commands that produce intermediate output. This paper advocates improved problem solving skills through using a programming tool. MatLab created by MathWorks, is an interactive numerical computing environment and programming language. It is a matrix-based system that easily lends itself to matrix manipulation, and plotting of functions and data. MatLab can be used as an interactive command line or a sequence of commands that can be saved in a file as a script or named functions. Prior programming experience is not required to use MatLab commands. The GNU Octave, part of the GNU project, a free computer program for performing numerical computations, is comparable to MatLab. MatLab visual and command programming are presented here.

Ground Operations Aerospace Language (GOAL). Volume 3: Data bank

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

The GOAL (Ground Operations Aerospace Language) test programming language was developed for use in ground checkout operations in a space vehicle launch environment. To insure compatibility with a maximum number of applications, a systematic and error-free method of referencing command/response (analog and digital) hardware measurements is a principle feature of the language. Central to the concept of requiring the test language to be independent of launch complex equipment and terminology is that of addressing measurements via symbolic names that have meaning directly in the hardware units being tested. To form the link from test program through test system interfaces to the units being tested the concept of a data bank has been introduced. The data bank is actually a large cross-reference table that provides pertinent hardware data such as interface unit addresses, data bus routings, or any other system values required to locate and access measurements.

NASA Public Affairs and NUANCE Lab News Conference at Reno-Stead Airport.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-10-19

News Conference following the test of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) technical capability Level 2 (TCL2) at Reno-Stead Airport, Nevada. Parimal Kopardekar, NASA Ames Senior Engineer for Ait Transportation Systems gave an overview of UTM (Left). Tom Wilczek, Aerospace and Defence industry representative and Nevada Govenor's Office of Economic Development (Right).

NASA Public Affairs and NUANCE Lab News Conference at Reno-Stead Airport.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-10-19

News Conference following the test of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) technical capability Level 2 (TCL2) at Reno-Stead Airport, Nevada. Parimal Kopardekar, NASA Ames Senior Engineer for Ait Transportation Systems gave an overview of UTM (Left). Maril Mora (Podium), President / CEO of the Reno -Tahoe Airport Authority welcomes NASA and Partners.

A Gradualist Scenario for Language Evolution: Precise Linguistic Reconstruction of Early Human (and Neandertal) Grammars

PubMed Central

Progovac, Ljiljana

2016-01-01

In making an argument for the antiquity of language, based on comparative evidence, Dediu and Levinson (2013) express hope that some combinations of structural features will prove so conservative that they will allow deep linguistic reconstruction. I propose that the earliest stages of syntax/grammar as reconstructed in Progovac (2015a), based on a theoretical and data-driven linguistic analysis, provide just such a conservative platform, which would have been commanded also by Neandertals and the common ancestor. I provide a fragment of this proto-grammar, which includes flat verb-noun compounds used for naming and insult (e.g., rattle-snake, cry-baby, scatter-brain), and paratactic (loose) combinations of such flat structures (e.g., Come one, come all; You seek, you find). This flat, binary, paratactic platform is found in all languages, and can be shown to serve as foundation for any further structure building. However, given the degree and nature of variation across languages in elaborating syntax beyond this proto-stage, I propose that hierarchical syntax did not emerge once and uniformly in all its complexity, but rather multiple times, either within Africa, or after dispersion from Africa. If so, then, under the uniregional hypothesis, our common ancestor with Neandertals, H. heidelbergensis, could not have commanded hierarchical syntax, but “only” the proto-grammar. Linguistic reconstructions of this kind are necessary for formulating precise and testable hypotheses regarding language evolution. In addition to the hominin timeline, this reconstruction can also engage, and negotiate between, the fields of neuroscience and genetics, as I illustrate with one specific scenario involving FOXP2 gene. PMID:27877146

Displaying Composite and Archived Soundings in the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barrett, Joe H., III; Volkmer, Matthew R.; Blottman, Peter F.; Sharp, David W.

2008-01-01

In a previous task, the Applied Meteorology Unit (AMU) developed spatial and temporal climatologies of lightning occurrence based on eight atmospheric flow regimes. The AMU created climatological, or composite, soundings of wind speed and direction, temperature, and dew point temperature at four rawinsonde observation stations at Jacksonville, Tampa, Miami, and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, for each of the eight flow regimes. The composite soundings were delivered to the National Weather Service (NWS) Melbourne (MLB) office for display using the National version of the Skew-T Hodograph analysis and Research Program (NSHARP) software program. The NWS MLB requested the AMU make the composite soundings available for display in the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS), so they could be overlaid on current observed soundings. This will allow the forecasters to compare the current state of the atmosphere with climatology. This presentation describes how the AMU converted the composite soundings from NSHARP Archive format to Network Common Data Form (NetCDF) format, so that the soundings could be displayed in AWl PS. The NetCDF is a set of data formats, programming interfaces, and software libraries used to read and write scientific data files. In AWIPS, each meteorological data type, such as soundings or surface observations, has a unique NetCDF format. Each format is described by a NetCDF template file. Although NetCDF files are in binary format, they can be converted to a text format called network Common data form Description Language (CDL). A software utility called ncgen is used to create a NetCDF file from a CDL file, while the ncdump utility is used to create a CDL file from a NetCDF file. An AWIPS receives soundings in Binary Universal Form for the Representation of Meteorological data (BUFR) format (http://dss.ucar.edu/docs/formats/bufr/), and then decodes them into NetCDF format. Only two sounding files are generated in AWIPS per day. One file contains all of the soundings received worldwide between 0000 UTC and 1200 UTC, and the other includes all soundings between 1200 UTC and 0000 UTC. In order to add the composite soundings into AWIPS, a procedure was created to configure, or localize, AWIPS. This involved modifying and creating several configuration text files. A unique fourcharacter site identifier was created for each of the 32 soundings so each could be viewed separately. The first three characters were based on the site identifier of the observed sounding, while the last character was based on the flow regime. While researching the localization process for soundings, the AMU discovered a method of archiving soundings so old soundings would not get purged automatically by AWl PS. This method could provide an alternative way of localizing AWl PS for composite soundings. In addition, this would allow forecasters to use archived soundings in AWIPS for case studies. A test sounding file in NetCDF format was written in order to verify the correct format for soundings in AWIPS. After the file was viewed successfully in AWIPS, the AMU wrote a software program in the Tool Command Language/Tool Kit (Tcl/Tk) language to convert the 32 composite soundings from NSHARP Archive to CDL format. The ncgen utility was then used to convert the CDL file to a NetCDF file. The NetCDF file could then be read and displayed in AWIPS.

A natural language query system for Hubble Space Telescope proposal selection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hornick, Thomas; Cohen, William; Miller, Glenn

1987-01-01

The proposal selection process for the Hubble Space Telescope is assisted by a robust and easy to use query program (TACOS). The system parses an English subset language sentence regardless of the order of the keyword phases, allowing the user a greater flexibility than a standard command query language. Capabilities for macro and procedure definition are also integrated. The system was designed for flexibility in both use and maintenance. In addition, TACOS can be applied to any knowledge domain that can be expressed in terms of a single reaction. The system was implemented mostly in Common LISP. The TACOS design is described in detail, with particular attention given to the implementation methods of sentence processing.

Starting Over: Current Issues in Online Catalog User Interface Design.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crawford, Walt

1992-01-01

Discussion of online catalogs focuses on issues in interface design. Issues addressed include understanding the user base; common user access (CUA) with personal computers; common command language (CCL); hyperlinks; screen design issues; differences from card catalogs; indexes; graphic user interfaces (GUIs); color; online help; and remote users.…

Kiswahili Book for Peace Corps Tanzania.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simba, Esther M.; And Others

This guide is designed for the Swahili language training of Peace Corps volunteers and focuses on daily communication needs in that context. It consists of a series of 76 lessons, each containing vocabulary and phrase lists, dialogue, grammar notes, and exercises. Lesson topics include: greetings and introductions; numbers; commands; questions;…

Knowledge Mobilization and Educational Research: Politics, Languages and Responsibilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fenwick, Tara, Ed.; Farrell, Lesley, Ed.

2011-01-01

How can educational research have more impact? What processes of knowledge exchange are most effective for increasing the uses of research results? How can research-produced knowledge be better "mobilized" among users such as practicing educators, policy makers, and the public communities? These sorts of questions are commanding urgent…

Universally Designed Assessments for ELLs with Disabilities: What We've Learned So Far

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnstone, Christopher J.; Anderson, Michael E.; Thompson, Sandra J.

2006-01-01

English language learners (ELLs) with disabilities are an emerging population in the U.S. and therefore command special attention in assessment systems. Research has demonstrated that "universal design of assessment" approaches are effective in helping to make assessments more accessible for ELLs with disabilities. Special education…

From Action to English: Reality in the Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zuern, Guenther

1982-01-01

Describes use of total physical response as a teaching strategy in English-as-a-second-language classes. Students act out commands from teacher with no initial emphasis on oral production. This approach makes a lesson more real to students and physically involving them makes for more successful learning. (Author/BK)

Theater-Level Stochastic Air-to-Air Engagement Modeling via Event Occurrence Networks Using Piecewise Polynomial Approximation

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-09-01

diagnosis natural language understanding circuit fault diagnosis pattern recognition machine vision nancial auditing map learning sensor... ACCA ACCB A ights degree of command and control FCC value is assumed to be the average of all the ACC values of the aircraft in the

A Database System for Course Administration.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Benbasat, Izak; And Others

1982-01-01

Describes a computer-assisted testing system which produces multiple-choice examinations for a college course in business administration. The system uses SPIRES (Stanford Public Information REtrieval System) to manage a database of questions and related data, mark-sense cards for machine grading tests, and ACL (6) (Audit Command Language) to…

The Cycle of Renewal.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farrell, Edmund J.

To avoid "burn out" from the general tensions of the times and from the severe demands of the teaching profession, English teachers need to exploit the means of renewal. Having literature at their command, English teachers can reconstruct themselves again and again through the dynamic interplay of human imagination and language artistically…

A Passage in Time

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Language Teaching, 2014

2014-01-01

The translator's craft lies first in his command of an exceptionally large vocabulary as well as all syntactic resources--his ability to use them elegantly, flexibly, succinctly. All translation problems finally resolve themselves into problems of how to write well in the target language. Benjamin (1923) stated that in a good work, language…

Use of Spacecraft Command Language for Advanced Command and Control Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mims, Tikiela L.

2008-01-01

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the use of SCL in building and monitoring command and control applications in order to determine its fitness for space operations. Approximately 24,325 lines of PCG2 code was converted to SCL yielding a 90% reduction in the number of lines of code as many of the functions and scripts utilized in SCL could be ported and reused. Automated standalone testing, simulating the actual production environment, was performed in order to generalize and gauge the relative time it takes for SCL to update and write a given display. The use of SCL rules, functions, and scripts allowed the creation of several test cases permitting the detection of the amount of time it takes update a given set of measurements given the change in a globally existing CUI or CUI. It took the SCL system an average 926.09 ticks to update the entire display of 323 measurements.

Agile battle management efficiency for command, control, communications, computers and intelligence (C4I)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blasch, Erik; Bélanger, Micheline

2016-05-01

Various operations such as civil-military co-operation (CIMIC) affairs require orchestration of communications, assets, and actors. A key component includes technology advancements to enable coordination among people and machines the ability to know where things are, who to coordinate with, and open and consistent lines of communication. In this paper, we explore concepts of battle management (BM) to support high-tempo emergency response scenarios such as a disaster action response team (DART). Three concepts highlighted of agile battle management (ABM) include source orchestration (e.g., sensors and domains), battle management language (BML) development (e.g., software and ontologies), and command and control (C2) coordination (e.g., people and visualization); which require correlation and de-confliction. These concepts of ABM support the physical, information, and cognitive domains for efficient command, control, communications, and information (C3I) to synchronize data and people for efficient and effective operations.

Boutiques: a flexible framework to integrate command-line applications in computing platforms

PubMed Central

Glatard, Tristan; Kiar, Gregory; Aumentado-Armstrong, Tristan; Beck, Natacha; Bellec, Pierre; Bernard, Rémi; Bonnet, Axel; Brown, Shawn T; Camarasu-Pop, Sorina; Cervenansky, Frédéric; Das, Samir; Ferreira da Silva, Rafael; Flandin, Guillaume; Girard, Pascal; Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J; Guttmann, Charles R G; Hayot-Sasson, Valérie; Quirion, Pierre-Olivier; Rioux, Pierre; Rousseau, Marc-Étienne; Evans, Alan C

2018-01-01

Abstract We present Boutiques, a system to automatically publish, integrate, and execute command-line applications across computational platforms. Boutiques applications are installed through software containers described in a rich and flexible JSON language. A set of core tools facilitates the construction, validation, import, execution, and publishing of applications. Boutiques is currently supported by several distinct virtual research platforms, and it has been used to describe dozens of applications in the neuroinformatics domain. We expect Boutiques to improve the quality of application integration in computational platforms, to reduce redundancy of effort, to contribute to computational reproducibility, and to foster Open Science. PMID:29718199

Sparse Matrices in MATLAB: Design and Implementation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gilbert, John R.; Moler, Cleve; Schreiber, Robert

1992-01-01

The matrix computation language and environment MATLAB is extended to include sparse matrix storage and operations. The only change to the outward appearance of the MATLAB language is a pair of commands to create full or sparse matrices. Nearly all the operations of MATLAB now apply equally to full or sparse matrices, without any explicit action by the user. The sparse data structure represents a matrix in space proportional to the number of nonzero entries, and most of the operations compute sparse results in time proportional to the number of arithmetic operations on nonzeros.

MBASIC batch processor architectural overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reynolds, S. M.

1978-01-01

The MBASIC (TM) batch processor, a language translator designed to operate in the MBASIC (TM) environment is described. Features include: (1) a CONVERT TO BATCH command, usable from the ready mode; and (2) translation of the users program in stages through several levels of intermediate language and optimization. The processor is to be designed and implemented in both machine-independent and machine-dependent sections. The architecture is planned so that optimization processes are transparent to the rest of the system and need not be included in the first design implementation cycle.

Ada (Tradename) Compiler Validation Summary Report. International Business Machines Corporation. IBM Development System for the Ada Language for VM/CMS, Version 1.0. IBM 4381 (IBM System/370) under VM/CMS.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-04-29

COMPILER VALIDATION SUMMARY REPORT: International Business Machines Corporation IBM Development System for the Ada Language for VM/CMS, Version 1.0 IBM 4381...tested using command scripts provided by International Business Machines Corporation. These scripts were reviewed by the validation team. Test.s were run...s): IBM 4381 (System/370) Operating System: VM/CMS, release 3.6 International Business Machines Corporation has made no deliberate extensions to the

Towards Human-Friendly Efficient Control of Multi-Robot Teams

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stoica, Adrian; Theodoridis, Theodoros; Barrero, David F.; Hu, Huosheng; McDonald-Maiers, Klaus

2013-01-01

This paper explores means to increase efficiency in performing tasks with multi-robot teams, in the context of natural Human-Multi-Robot Interfaces (HMRI) for command and control. The motivating scenario is an emergency evacuation by a transport convoy of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) that have to traverse, in shortest time, an unknown terrain. In the experiments the operator commands, in minimal time, a group of rovers through a maze. The efficiency of performing such tasks depends on both, the levels of robots' autonomy, and the ability of the operator to command and control the team. The paper extends the classic framework of levels of autonomy (LOA), to levels/hierarchy of autonomy characteristic of Groups (G-LOA), and uses it to determine new strategies for control. An UGVoriented command language (UGVL) is defined, and a mapping is performed from the human-friendly gesture-based HMRI into the UGVL. The UGVL is used to control a team of 3 robots, exploring the efficiency of different G-LOA; specifically, by (a) controlling each robot individually through the maze, (b) controlling a leader and cloning its controls to followers, and (c) controlling the entire group. Not surprisingly, commands at increased G-LOA lead to a faster traverse, yet a number of aspects are worth discussing in this context.

UTM Technical Capabilities Level 2 (TLC2) Test at Reno-Stead Airport.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-10-06

Test of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) technical capability Level 2 (TCL2) at Reno-Stead Airport, Nevada. During the test, five drones simultaneously crossed paths, separated by altitude. Two drones flew beyond visual line-of-sight and three flew within line-of-sight of their operators. Precision Hawk pilot readies Lancaster Mark 3 UAS for test flight.

Water collection behavior and hanging ability of bioinspired fiber.

PubMed

Hou, Yongping; Chen, Yuan; Xue, Yan; Zheng, Yongmei; Jiang, Lei

2012-03-13

Since the water-collecting ability of the wetted cribellate spider capture silk is the result of a unique fiber structure, bioinspired fibers have been researched significantly so as to expose a new water-acquiring route in fogging-collection projects. However, the design of the geometry of bioinspired fiber is related to the ability of hanging drops, which has not been investigated in depth so far. Here, we fabricate bioinspired fibers to investigate the water collection behavior and the influence of geometry (i.e., periodicity of spindle knot) on the hanging-drop ability. We especially discuss water collection related to the periodicity of geometry on the bioinspired fiber. We reveal the length of the three phase contact line (TCL) at threshold conditions in conjunction with the maximal volume of a hanging drop at different modes. The study demonstrates that the geometrical structure of bioinspired fiber induces much stronger water hanging ability than that of uniform fiber, attributed to such special geometry that offers effectively an increasing TCL length or limits the contact length to be shorted. In addition, the geometry also improves the fog-collection efficiency by controlling tiny water drops to be collected in the large water drops at a given location.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms: clinico-immunohistochemical correlations in a series of 91 patients.

PubMed

Julia, Fanny; Dalle, Stephane; Duru, Gerard; Balme, Brigitte; Vergier, Béatrice; Ortonne, Nicolas; Vignon-Pennamen, Marie D; Costes-Martineau, Valérie; Lamant, Laurence; Dalac, Sophie; Delattre, Claire; Déchelotte, Pierre; Courville, Philippe; Carlotti, Agnès; De Muret, Anne; Fraitag, Sylvie; Levy, Annie; Mitchell, Andrew; Petrella, Tony

2014-05-01

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm is a rare clinicopathologic entity, characterized by strong skin tropism and a poor prognosis. The diagnosis is generally made by skin biopsy with appropriate immunohistochemical studies. To identify potential biological prognostic factors for blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm, we performed an extended clinico-immunohistochemical study on a series of 91 well-documented cases collected since 1995 by the French Study Group on Cutaneous Lymphomas. Skin biopsies were analyzed using a panel of 12 immunohistochemical markers (CD4, CD56, CD123, CD303, TCL1, CD68, CD2, CD7, TdT, Ki-67, S100, and MX-1). The results were correlated with survival. The 5 most characteristic markers of this entity (CD4, CD56, CD123, CD303, and TCL1) were expressed simultaneously in only 46% of patients. However, when 4 markers were expressed the diagnosis could still be reliably made without resorting to any additional stains. Expression of TdT and/or S100 correlated with varying degrees of maturation. Statistical survival analyses showed that CD303 expression and high proliferative index (Ki-67) were significantly associated with longer survival.

Optimal Facility Location Tool for Logistics Battle Command (LBC)

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-01

64 Appendix B. VBA Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Appendix C. Story...should city planners have located emergency service facilities so that all households (the demand) had equal access to coverage?” The critical...programming language called Visual Basic for Applications ( VBA ). CPLEX is a commercial solver for linear, integer, and mixed integer linear programming problems

Visiting Scholars Program

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-01

other associated grants. 15. SUBJECT TERMS SUNY Poly, STEM, Artificial Intelligence , Command and Control 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17...neuromorphic system has the potential to be widely used in a high-efficiency artificial intelligence system. Simulation results have indicated that the...novel multiresolution fusion and advanced fusion performance evaluation tool for an Artificial Intelligence based natural language annotation engine for

Improving NAVFAC's total quality management of construction drawings with CLIPS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Antelman, Albert

1991-01-01

A diagnostic expert system to improve the quality of Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) construction drawings and specification is described. C Language Integrated Production System (CLIPS) and computer aided design layering standards are used in an expert system to check and coordinate construction drawings and specifications to eliminate errors and omissions.

New Directions in the Army's Basic Skills Education Program (BSEP).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pilgrim, Mark T.

The Army has given to the Training and Doctrine Command the task of developing four Basic Skills Education Program (BSEP) curricula to provide functional, job-related basic skills training. These would be Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) Baseline Skills, English-as-a-Second Language (ESL), Military Life Coping Skills, and Learning Strategies.…

A Survey of Popular R Packages for Cluster Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Flynt, Abby; Dean, Nema

2016-01-01

Cluster analysis is a set of statistical methods for discovering new group/class structure when exploring data sets. This article reviews the following popular libraries/commands in the R software language for applying different types of cluster analysis: from the stats library, the kmeans, and hclust functions; the mclust library; the poLCA…

The New Frontier: Conquering the World Wide Web by Mule.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gresham, Morgan

1999-01-01

Examines effects of teaching hypertext markup language on students' perceptions of class goals in a networked composition classroom. Suggests sending documents via file transfer protocol by command line and viewing the Web with a textual browser shifted emphasis from writing to coding. Argues that helping students identify a balance between…

Some research advances in computer graphics that will enhance applications to engineering design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allan, J. J., III

1975-01-01

Research in man/machine interactions and graphics hardware/software that will enhance applications to engineering design was described. Research aspects of executive systems, command languages, and networking used in the computer applications laboratory are mentioned. Finally, a few areas where little or no research is being done were identified.

Fifth Generation Computers: Their Implications for Further Education. An Occasional Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ennals, Richard; Cotterell, Arthur

Research to develop a fifth generation of computers is underway in several countries. These computers, which will be distinguished by the ability to provide knowledge information processing and respond to natural language commands, will have a profound impact on the labor market and hence on further education. Rather than being a separate…

The Determination of a Useful Frequency for Refreshing Memories for Procedures among a Collegiate Population.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zambon, Franco

This study sought to determine a useful frequency for refreshing students' memories of complex procedures that involved a formal computer language. Students were required to execute the Microsoft Disc Operating System (MS-DOS) commands for "copy,""backup," and "restore." A total of 126 college students enrolled in six…

Narrative Comprehension Processes: A Study of Native and Non-Native Readers of Japanese.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horiba, Yukie

1990-01-01

Comparison of the reading strategies and resulting reading comprehension and recall of native and advanced non-native adult speakers of Japanese found that reading strategy significantly affected comprehension and recall, with non-native readers with limited language command paying more attention to vocabulary and grammar than native readers, who…

The Effects of Fantasy Context on Children's Learning and Motivation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parker, Louise E.; Lepper, Mark R.

Examined were the effects on children's learning and motivation of the embedding of instructional materials in various fantasy contexts. Students in the third grade worked with graphics commands from the LOGO programming language under one of three conditions. In a control condition, students were given a series of abstract problems characteristic…

About United States Pacific Command

Science.gov Websites

languages, several of the world's largest militaries, and five nations allied with the U.S. through mutual . U.S. Pacific Fleet consists of approximately 200 ships (to include five aircraft carrier strike groups and two divisions, plus over 300 aircraft and five watercraft assigned throughout the AOR from Japan

High level intelligent control of telerobotics systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mckee, James

1988-01-01

A high level robot command language is proposed for the autonomous mode of an advanced telerobotics system and a predictive display mechanism for the teleoperational model. It is believed that any such system will involve some mixture of these two modes, since, although artificial intelligence can facilitate significant autonomy, a system that can resort to teleoperation will always have the advantage. The high level command language will allow humans to give the robot instructions in a very natural manner. The robot will then analyze these instructions to infer meaning so that is can translate the task into lower level executable primitives. If, however, the robot is unable to perform the task autonomously, it will switch to the teleoperational mode. The time delay between control movement and actual robot movement has always been a problem in teleoperations. The remote operator may not actually see (via a monitor) the results of high actions for several seconds. A computer generated predictive display system is proposed whereby the operator can see a real-time model of the robot's environment and the delayed video picture on the monitor at the same time.

Plant Habitat Telemetry / Command Interface and E-MIST

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Walker, Uriae M.

2013-01-01

Plant Habitat (PH) is an experiment to be taken to the International Space Station (ISS) in 2016. It is critical that ground support computers have the ability to uplink commands to control PH, and that ISS computers have the ability to downlink PH telemetry data to ground support. This necessitates communication software that can send, receive, and process, PH specific commands and telemetry. The objective of the Plant Habitat Telemetry/ Command Interface is to provide this communication software, and to couple it with an intuitive Graphical User Interface (GUI). Initial investigation of the project objective led to the decision that code be written in C++ because of its compatibility with existing source code infrastructures and robustness. Further investigation led to a determination that multiple Ethernet packet structures would need to be created to effectively transmit data. Setting a standard for packet structures would allow us to distinguish these packets that would range from command type packets to sub categories of telemetry packets. In order to handle this range of packet types, the conclusion was made to take an object-oriented programming approach which complemented our decision to use the C++ programming language. In addition, extensive utilization of port programming concepts was required to implement the core functionality of the communication software. Also, a concrete understanding of a packet processing software was required in order to put aU the components of ISS-to-Ground Support Equipment (GSE) communication together and complete the objective. A second project discussed in this paper is Exposing Microbes to the Stratosphere (EMIST). This project exposes microbes into the stratosphere to observe how they are impacted by atmospheric effects. This paper focuses on the electrical and software expectations of the project, specifically drafting the printed circuit board, and programming the on-board sensors. The Eagle Computer-Aided Drafting (CAD) software was used to draft the E-MIST circuit. This required several component libraries to be created. Coding the sensors and obtaining sensor data involved using the Arduino Uno developmental board and coding language, and properly wiring peripheral sensors to the microcontroller (the central control unit of the experiment).

English Language Support for Engineering Students and Professors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Teshigawara, Mihoko

The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science has launched the International Affiliated Double-Degree Program. In this program students pursue double degrees in engineering at the graduate level organized between the Graduate School and one of its 11 overseas partner institutions. Since the Graduate School is committed to offering content lectures in English, the faculty members involved need a good command of English. Future outgoing students also have to improve their English (and the local language spoken at the partner institution) to conduct academic activities at the partner institution successfully. This paper describes the author‧s continuing efforts toward the provision and improvement of English language support for engineering students and instructors, touching on similar activities elsewhere.

Air quality in the mountain climate-balneological resort Kislovodsk

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chalaya, Elena; Efimenko, Natalia; Povolotckaia, Nina; Senik, Irina; Slepykh, Victor

2016-04-01

There has been studied the quality of the surface atmosphere in the mountain climate-balneological resort Kislovodsk (MCBRK) to treat by means of climate and landscape (TCL) of the patients suffering from bronchial asthma (PBA) [1]. 60 children (31 boys and 29 girls at the age of 9-11 years) were examined in the course of 34 days of the resort treatment in MCBRK, PBA (ICD-10 G45,0) in a remission stage. There have been used the data of the long-term bioclimatic monitoring (BCM) that is carried out by PRIC FMBA, aerosol monitoring of IFA RAS, landscape monitoring of SNP in Kislovodsk Resort Park (KRP) as well as the data of medical monitoring, daily testing of meteopathic reactions (MPR), indicators dynamics of bronchial patency, cardiac rhythm, neurovascular reactivity, psychoemotional status of patients. TCL was carried out in the form of walks under the canopy of Betula pendula Roth., Salix f. pendula, acer platanoides globosum, Aesculus hippocastanum L., Phellodendron amurense, Tilia caucasica in KRP daily lasting from 1 till 2 hours. The results of a complex research showed that at TCL in KRP the favourable heat balance had 92% warm relations (TB<600BT/m2 - comfort and weak over comfort); the increased natural aero ionization (∑(N+)+(N-)=1350-1850 ion/cm3 at KUI<0,88); bacteriostatics natural trees 13-58%; the level of the weighed aerosol particles (the size of 500-20000 nanometers) from 1,2 to 3,6 particles/cm3 - (from pure to poorly polluted atmosphere); only 86% of the patients had cases with the increased and high transparency of the atmosphere (0,756-0,849). Under the influence of the course TCL 53(88%) patients had improved indicators of bronchial patency, 58(97%) had signs of increasing qualities of regulatory processes in the organism (vegetative regulation for 14%; neurohumoral regulation for 12%; psychoemotional regulation for 16%; the ability of the organism to adaptation for 17%); 38(63%) patients had vegetative index of Kerde that reached normal values, 20(34%) had significantly decreased level 2(3%). It remained without any changes. According to testing the deterioration of "if"and emergence of MPR (4,3 mpr/day) was followed incidentally at a distant forest fire (4 days) that was followed by a heat wave (Tmax>300C), aerosol growth till 6-12 particles/cm3 in the blocking anti-cyclone. Conclusion: the surface atmosphere in KRP is mainly at the level of background rural territories, it is perspective for usage in the medical and improving purposes. Episodes of slightly polluted surface atmosphere are connected with forest fires, autopollution during the periods of the blocking anti-cyclones. References 1. Resort study of Caucasian Mineral Vody region/Under the general edition of MD, prof. V.V. Uyba. Scientific publication. - Pyatigorsk: PRIC FMBA. Volume 1. - 2009. - 335p; Volume 2. - 2011. - 368p.

Using XML and Java Technologies for Astronomical Instrument Control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ames, Troy; Case, Lynne; Powers, Edward I. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

Traditionally, instrument command and control systems have been highly specialized, consisting mostly of custom code that is difficult to develop, maintain, and extend. Such solutions are initially very costly and are inflexible to subsequent engineering change requests, increasing software maintenance costs. Instrument description is too tightly coupled with details of implementation. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, under the Instrument Remote Control (IRC) project, is developing a general and highly extensible framework that applies to any kind of instrument that can be controlled by a computer. The software architecture combines the platform independent processing capabilities of Java with the power of the Extensible Markup Language (XML), a human readable and machine understandable way to describe structured data. A key aspect of the object-oriented architecture is that the software is driven by an instrument description, written using the Instrument Markup Language (IML), a dialect of XML. IML is used to describe the command sets and command formats of the instrument, communication mechanisms, format of the data coming from the instrument, and characteristics of the graphical user interface to control and monitor the instrument. The IRC framework allows the users to define a data analysis pipeline which converts data coming out of the instrument. The data can be used in visualizations in order for the user to assess the data in real-time, if necessary. The data analysis pipeline algorithms can be supplied by the user in a variety of forms or programming languages. Although the current integration effort is targeted for the High-resolution Airborne Wideband Camera (HAWC) and the Submillimeter and Far Infrared Experiment (SAFIRE), first-light instruments of the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), the framework is designed to be generic and extensible so that it can be applied to any instrument. Plans are underway to test the framework with other types of instruments, such as remote sensing earth science instruments.

Controlling Laboratory Processes From A Personal Computer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Will, H.; Mackin, M. A.

1991-01-01

Computer program provides natural-language process control from IBM PC or compatible computer. Sets up process-control system that either runs without operator or run by workers who have limited programming skills. Includes three smaller programs. Two of them, written in FORTRAN 77, record data and control research processes. Third program, written in Pascal, generates FORTRAN subroutines used by other two programs to identify user commands with device-driving routines written by user. Also includes set of input data allowing user to define user commands to be executed by computer. Requires personal computer operating under MS-DOS with suitable hardware interfaces to all controlled devices. Also requires FORTRAN 77 compiler and device drivers written by user.

Automatic documentation system extension to multi-manufacturers' computers and to measure, improve, and predict software reliability. Appendix A and B

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Simmons, D. B.

1975-01-01

A manual which explains how to use the DOMONIC command language is presented. The manual consists of the following sections: 1. Introduction 2. What You Must Know to Use DOMONIC 3. Functions of DOMONIC 4. Entering and Manipulating Data 5. Templates and Data Definitions 6. Recipes and Document Generation 7. Initiating A Project and 8. Entering and Changing Security Controls. The first four sections must be known by all DOMONIC users. Sections five, seven and eight describe functions normally used only by project management. Section six tells how to generate documents. The manual specifies what commands to use in performing each of the functions mentioned above.

Proving the correctness of the flight director program EADIFD, volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, F. J.; Maurer, W. D.

1977-01-01

EADIFD is written in symbolic assembly language for execution on the C4000 airborne computer. It is a subprogram of an aircraft navigation and guidance program and is used to generate pitch and roll command signals for use in terminal airspace. The proof of EADIFD was carried out by an inductive assertion method consisting of two parts, a verification condition generator and a source language independent proof checker. With the specifications provided by NASA, EADIFD was proved correct. The termination of the program is guaranteed and the program contains no instructions that can modify it under any conditions.

Telemetry-Enhancing Scripts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maimone, Mark W.

2009-01-01

Scripts Providing a Cool Kit of Telemetry Enhancing Tools (SPACKLE) is a set of software tools that fill gaps in capabilities of other software used in processing downlinked data in the Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) flight and test-bed operations. SPACKLE tools have helped to accelerate the automatic processing and interpretation of MER mission data, enabling non-experts to understand and/or use MER query and data product command simulation software tools more effectively. SPACKLE has greatly accelerated some operations and provides new capabilities. The tools of SPACKLE are written, variously, in Perl or the C or C++ language. They perform a variety of search and shortcut functions that include the following: Generating text-only, Event Report-annotated, and Web-enhanced views of command sequences; Labeling integer enumerations with their symbolic meanings in text messages and engineering channels; Systematic detecting of corruption within data products; Generating text-only displays of data-product catalogs including downlink status; Validating and labeling of commands related to data products; Performing of convenient searches of detailed engineering data spanning multiple Martian solar days; Generating tables of initial conditions pertaining to engineering, health, and accountability data; Simplified construction and simulation of command sequences; and Fast time format conversions and sorting.

Learning with a missing sense: what can we learn from the interaction of a deaf child with a turtle?

PubMed

Miller, Paul

2009-01-01

This case study reports on the progress of Navon, a 13-year-old boy with prelingual deafness, over a 3-month period following exposure to Logo, a computer programming language that visualizes specific programming commands by means of a virtual drawing tool called the Turtle. Despite an almost complete lack of skills in spoken and sign language, Navon made impressive progress in his programming skills, including acquisition of a notable active written vocabulary, which he learned to apply in a purposeful, rule-based manner. His achievements are discussed with reference to commonly held assumptions about the relationship between language and thought, in general, and the prerequisite of proper spoken language skills for the acquisition of reading and writing, in particular. Highlighted are the central principles responsible for Navon's unexpected cognitive and linguistic development, including the way it affected his social relations with peers and teachers.

The Design of Hand Gestures for Human-Computer Interaction: Lessons from Sign Language Interpreters.

PubMed

Rempel, David; Camilleri, Matt J; Lee, David L

2015-10-01

The design and selection of 3D modeled hand gestures for human-computer interaction should follow principles of natural language combined with the need to optimize gesture contrast and recognition. The selection should also consider the discomfort and fatigue associated with distinct hand postures and motions, especially for common commands. Sign language interpreters have extensive and unique experience forming hand gestures and many suffer from hand pain while gesturing. Professional sign language interpreters (N=24) rated discomfort for hand gestures associated with 47 characters and words and 33 hand postures. Clear associations of discomfort with hand postures were identified. In a nominal logistic regression model, high discomfort was associated with gestures requiring a flexed wrist, discordant adjacent fingers, or extended fingers. These and other findings should be considered in the design of hand gestures to optimize the relationship between human cognitive and physical processes and computer gesture recognition systems for human-computer input.

Collaborative Radiological Response Planning

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2–89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239–18 i THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ii Approved for public release...critical tasks, under specified conditions and performance standards .”33 Aligned with the central objective of Capabilities-Based Planning, the TCL...affect task performance.36 More specifically, measures and performance criteria describe a standard for how well a task must be performed and on

Examining the Effectiveness of an Academic Language Planning Organizer as a Tool for Planning Science Academic Language Instruction and Supports

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jung, Karl G.; Brown, Julie C.

2016-12-01

To engage in the practices of science, students must have a strong command of science academic language. However, content area teachers often make academic language an incidental part of their lesson planning, which leads to missed opportunities to enhance students' language development. To support pre-service elementary science teachers (PSTs) in making language planning an explicit part of their science lessons, we created the Academic Language Planning Organizer (ALPO). The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the ALPO on two levels: first, by examining participants' interactions with the ALPO as they identified academic language features, objectives and supports; and second, by exploring the ways that participants translated identified language supports to planned science activities. Findings indicated that, when using the ALPO, PSTs identified clear language functions and relevant vocabulary terms, and also frequently developed clear, observable and measurable language objectives. When lesson planning, PSTs were largely successful in translating previously identified language supports to their lesson plans, and often planned additional language supports beyond what was required. We also found, however, that the ALPO did not meet its intended use in supporting PSTs in identifying discourse and syntax demands associated with specific academic language functions, suggesting that revisions to the ALPO could better support PSTs in identifying these academic language demands. Implications for supporting PSTs' planning for and scaffolding of science academic language use are presented.

Application developer's tutorial for the CSM testbed architecture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Underwood, Phillip; Felippa, Carlos A.

1988-01-01

This tutorial serves as an illustration of the use of the programmer interface on the CSM Testbed Architecture (NICE). It presents a complete, but simple, introduction to using both the GAL-DBM (Global Access Library-Database Manager) and CLIP (Command Language Interface Program) to write a NICE processor. Familiarity with the CSM Testbed architecture is required.

A Nongraded Phase Elective Senior High English Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

South Bend Community School Corp., IN.

The course content in this nongraded phase elective curriculum is classified into Phase 1, designed for students who find reading, writing, and speaking difficult, Phase 2 for students who need to improve and refine basic skills at a somewhat slower pace, Phase 3 for those who have an average command of basic language skills and want to advance at…

Lexical Errors in Second Language Scientific Writing: Some Conceptual Implications

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carrió Pastor, María Luisa; Mestre-Mestre, Eva María

2014-01-01

Nowadays, scientific writers are required not only a thorough knowledge of their subject field, but also a sound command of English as a lingua franca. In this paper, the lexical errors produced in scientific texts written in English by non-native researchers are identified to propose a classification of the categories they contain. This study…

An Assessment of the Marine Tactical Command and Control System (MTACCS)

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-03-01

also need some appetite suppressants for the users. If you have to go to the hospital, it is better to have a Ford on the road than a Mercedes - Benz ... innovation . Standard interfaces and languages allow developers to concentrate on the program itself. Time and money is saved by not having to redevelop

Spider World: A Robot Language for Learning to Program. Assessing the Cognitive Consequences of Computer Environments for Learning (ACCCEL).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dalbey, John; Linn, Marcia

Spider World is an interactive program designed to help individuals with no previous computer experience to learn the fundamentals of programming. The program emphasizes cognitive tasks which are central to programming and provides significant problem-solving opportunities. In Spider World, the user commands a hypothetical robot (called the…

Robonaut 2 Humanoid Robot

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-13

ISS030-E-135163 (13 March 2012) --- A fisheye lens attached to an electronic still camera was used to capture this image of Robonaut 2 humanoid robot during another system checkout in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. Teams on the ground commanded Robonaut through a series of dexterity tests as it spelled out ?Hello world? in sign language.

Robonaut 2 Humanoid Robot

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-13

ISS030-E-135148 (13 March 2012) --- A fisheye lens attached to an electronic still camera was used to capture this image of Robonaut 2 humanoid robot during another system checkout in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. Teams on the ground commanded Robonaut through a series of dexterity tests as it spelled out ?Hello world? in sign language.

Robonaut 2 Humanoid Robot

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-13

ISS030-E-135140 (13 March 2012) --- A fisheye lens attached to an electronic still camera was used to capture this image of Robonaut 2 humanoid robot during another system checkout in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. Teams on the ground commanded Robonaut through a series of dexterity tests as it spelled out ?Hello world? in sign language.

Robonaut 2 Humanoid Robot

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-13

ISS030-E-135185 (13 March 2012) --- A fisheye lens attached to an electronic still camera was used to capture this image of Robonaut 2 humanoid robot during another system checkout in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. Teams on the ground commanded Robonaut through a series of dexterity tests as it spelled out ?Hello world? in sign language.

Robonaut 2 Humanoid Robot

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-13

ISS030-E-135187 (13 March 2012) --- A fisheye lens attached to an electronic still camera was used to capture this image of Robonaut 2 humanoid robot during another system checkout in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. Teams on the ground commanded Robonaut through a series of dexterity tests as it spelled out ?Hello world? in sign language.

Robonaut 2 Humanoid Robot

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-13

ISS030-E-135135 (13 March 2012) --- A fisheye lens attached to an electronic still camera was used to capture this image of Robonaut 2 humanoid robot during another system checkout in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. Teams on the ground commanded Robonaut through a series of dexterity tests as it spelled out ?Hello world? in sign language.

Robonaut 2 Humanoid Robot

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-13

ISS030-E-135157 (13 March 2012) --- A fisheye lens attached to an electronic still camera was used to capture this image of Robonaut 2 humanoid robot during another system checkout in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. Teams on the ground commanded Robonaut through a series of dexterity tests as it spelled out ?Hello world? in sign language.

Social Studies in Motion: Learning with the Whole Person

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schulte, Paige L.

2005-01-01

Total Physical Response (TPR), developed by James Asher, is defined as a teaching technique whereby a learner responds to language input with body motions. Performing a chant or the game "Robot" is an example of a TPR activity, where the teacher commands her robots to do some task in the classroom. Acting out stories and giving imperative commands…

Where I'm Coming From

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chin, Frank

1976-01-01

Asserts that Asian American kids are looking for Asian American characters with a style that commands attention and respect in terms they can understand. Only in the works of Taro Yashima and Lawrence Yep are the literary sensibility, language and vision of Asian and Asian American culture. We need a body of Asian American myth to form and express…

Transformation through Research-Based Reflection: A Self-Study of Written Feedback Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Best, Karen

2011-01-01

This study investigates the written feedback the author gave during her first year as a university English as a second language writing instructor. The article investigates the form (questions, commands, comments) and the themes (organization, content, grammar) of feedback, the use of mitigation, and the treatment of grammar errors. It shows how…

Quizzes--A Sin against the Sixth Commandment? In Defense of MReader

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robb, Thomas

2015-01-01

The "Ten Principles Teaching Extensive Reading" has appeared in a number of forms, initially as "The characteristics of an extensive reading approach" in Day and Bamford (1998) and later in an article in Reading in a Foreign Language (2002) but in a slightly different form and ordering. What was originally intended to be a…

A Proposal for Qualification Standards as a Contracting Officer in the Naval Facilities Engineering Command.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-06-01

4. Government Contract Law , DMET PPM 302 (JT); two weeks in length...ccitent: reviews basic legal principles and sources of contract law , modifications, termina- tions, remedies, interpretation of contract language...Governmepnt Contract Law PPM 302 (JT) ____ _____ Recomripnded Optional Courses 1. Advanced Contract Administration PPM 304 (IT) _ ___ _____ 2. Management of

Enigme Policiere et Expression Orale (A Policy Puzzle and Oral Expression).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blanche, Patrick

1996-01-01

Criticizes the circumstance that limits the opportunity for students to speak French in casual conversation to an extent that would permit them to truly improve their command of the language. The article maintains that giving students the opportunity to develop on their own the ability to express themselves orally is a valuable teaching goal.…

The Impact of Social Media on the Nature of Conflict, and a Commander’s Strategy for Social Media

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-29

Twitter has experienced tremendous growth. In Russia, the social networking site, Vkontakte has more users than Facebook. Even in the...of social media tools to organize and spread the word about the protests in the region. They used YouTube, Vkontakte (a Russian Language social

Stan: A Probabilistic Programming Language for Bayesian Inference and Optimization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gelman, Andrew; Lee, Daniel; Guo, Jiqiang

2015-01-01

Stan is a free and open-source C++ program that performs Bayesian inference or optimization for arbitrary user-specified models and can be called from the command line, R, Python, Matlab, or Julia and has great promise for fitting large and complex statistical models in many areas of application. We discuss Stan from users' and developers'…

Program Helps Generate Boundary-Element Mathematical Models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goldberg, R. K.

1995-01-01

Composite Model Generation-Boundary Element Method (COM-GEN-BEM) computer program significantly reduces time and effort needed to construct boundary-element mathematical models of continuous-fiber composite materials at micro-mechanical (constituent) scale. Generates boundary-element models compatible with BEST-CMS boundary-element code for anlaysis of micromechanics of composite material. Written in PATRAN Command Language (PCL).

Male Learners' Vocabulary Achievement through Concept Mapping and Mind Mapping: Differences and Similarities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tarkashvand, Zahra

2015-01-01

While learning English plays an essential role in today's life, vocabulary achievement is helpful to overcome the difficulties of commanding the language. Drawing on data from three months experimental work, this article explores how two mapping strategies affect the learning vocabularies in EFL male learners. While females were studied before,…

Developing Bi-Lingual Skills for Translation through an Online Multimedia-Supported Learning Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eser, Oktay; Saltan, Fatih; Ersanli, Ceylan Yangin; Erdem, Gamze

2016-01-01

Recent research shows that bi-lingual competence is one of the necessary skills that a translator needs in order to translate (PACTE, 2003). Apart from the mother tongue, a translator must have a command of other working languages. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the online multimedia-supported learning environment concerning…

Self-, other-, and joint monitoring using forward models.

PubMed

Pickering, Martin J; Garrod, Simon

2014-01-01

In the psychology of language, most accounts of self-monitoring assume that it is based on comprehension. Here we outline and develop the alternative account proposed by Pickering and Garrod (2013), in which speakers construct forward models of their upcoming utterances and compare them with the utterance as they produce them. We propose that speakers compute inverse models derived from the discrepancy (error) between the utterance and the predicted utterance and use that to modify their production command or (occasionally) begin anew. We then propose that comprehenders monitor other people's speech by simulating their utterances using covert imitation and forward models, and then comparing those forward models with what they hear. They use the discrepancy to compute inverse models and modify their representation of the speaker's production command, or realize that their representation is incorrect and may develop a new production command. We then discuss monitoring in dialogue, paying attention to sequential contributions, concurrent feedback, and the relationship between monitoring and alignment.

Self-, other-, and joint monitoring using forward models

PubMed Central

Pickering, Martin J.; Garrod, Simon

2014-01-01

In the psychology of language, most accounts of self-monitoring assume that it is based on comprehension. Here we outline and develop the alternative account proposed by Pickering and Garrod (2013), in which speakers construct forward models of their upcoming utterances and compare them with the utterance as they produce them. We propose that speakers compute inverse models derived from the discrepancy (error) between the utterance and the predicted utterance and use that to modify their production command or (occasionally) begin anew. We then propose that comprehenders monitor other people’s speech by simulating their utterances using covert imitation and forward models, and then comparing those forward models with what they hear. They use the discrepancy to compute inverse models and modify their representation of the speaker’s production command, or realize that their representation is incorrect and may develop a new production command. We then discuss monitoring in dialogue, paying attention to sequential contributions, concurrent feedback, and the relationship between monitoring and alignment. PMID:24723869

Field Programmable Gate Array Failure Rate Estimation Guidelines for Launch Vehicle Fault Tree Models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Al Hassan, Mohammad; Britton, Paul; Hatfield, Glen Spencer; Novack, Steven D.

2017-01-01

Today's launch vehicles complex electronic and avionics systems heavily utilize Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) integrated circuits (IC) for their superb speed and reconfiguration capabilities. Consequently, FPGAs are prevalent ICs in communication protocols such as MILSTD- 1553B and in control signal commands such as in solenoid valve actuations. This paper will identify reliability concerns and high level guidelines to estimate FPGA total failure rates in a launch vehicle application. The paper will discuss hardware, hardware description language, and radiation induced failures. The hardware contribution of the approach accounts for physical failures of the IC. The hardware description language portion will discuss the high level FPGA programming languages and software/code reliability growth. The radiation portion will discuss FPGA susceptibility to space environment radiation.

CLIPS, AppleEvents, and AppleScript: Integrating CLIPS with commercial software

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Compton, Michael M.; Wolfe, Shawn R.

1994-01-01

Many of today's intelligent systems are comprised of several modules, perhaps written in different tools and languages, that together help solve the user's problem. These systems often employ a knowledge-based component that is not accessed directly by the user, but instead operates 'in the background' offering assistance to the user as necessary. In these types of modular systems, an efficient, flexible, and eady-to-use mechanism for sharing data between programs is crucial. To help permit transparent integration of CLIPS with other Macintosh applications, the AI Research Branch at NASA Ames Research Center has extended CLIPS to allow it to communicate transparently with other applications through two popular data-sharing mechanisms provided by the Macintosh operating system: Apple Events (a 'high-level' event mechanism for program-to-program communication), and AppleScript, a recently-released scripting language for the Macintosh. This capability permits other applications (running on either the same or a remote machine) to send a command to CLIPS, which then responds as if the command were typed into the CLIPS dialog window. Any result returned by the command is then automatically returned to the program that sent it. Likewise, CLIPS can send several types of Apple Events directly to other local or remote applications. This CLIPS system has been successfully integrated with a variety of commercial applications, including data collection programs, electronics forms packages, DBMS's, and email programs. These mechanisms can permit transparent user access to the knowledge base from within a commercial application, and allow a single copy of the knowledge base to service multiple users in a networked environment.

Interfaces and Integration of Medical Image Analysis Frameworks: Challenges and Opportunities.

PubMed

Covington, Kelsie; McCreedy, Evan S; Chen, Min; Carass, Aaron; Aucoin, Nicole; Landman, Bennett A

2010-05-25

Clinical research with medical imaging typically involves large-scale data analysis with interdependent software toolsets tied together in a processing workflow. Numerous, complementary platforms are available, but these are not readily compatible in terms of workflows or data formats. Both image scientists and clinical investigators could benefit from using the framework which is a most natural fit to the specific problem at hand, but pragmatic choices often dictate that a compromise platform is used for collaboration. Manual merging of platforms through carefully tuned scripts has been effective, but exceptionally time consuming and is not feasible for large-scale integration efforts. Hence, the benefits of innovation are constrained by platform dependence. Removing this constraint via integration of algorithms from one framework into another is the focus of this work. We propose and demonstrate a light-weight interface system to expose parameters across platforms and provide seamless integration. In this initial effort, we focus on four platforms Medical Image Analysis and Visualization (MIPAV), Java Image Science Toolkit (JIST), command line tools, and 3D Slicer. We explore three case studies: (1) providing a system for MIPAV to expose internal algorithms and utilize these algorithms within JIST, (2) exposing JIST modules through self-documenting command line interface for inclusion in scripting environments, and (3) detecting and using JIST modules in 3D Slicer. We review the challenges and opportunities for light-weight software integration both within development language (e.g., Java in MIPAV and JIST) and across languages (e.g., C/C++ in 3D Slicer and shell in command line tools).

EVALUATION OF BENZO[C]CHRYSENE DIHYDRODIOLS IN THE MORPHOLOGICAL CELL TRANSFORMATION OF MOUSE EMBRYO FIBROBLAST C3H10T1/2CL8 CELLS

EPA Science Inventory

EVALUATION OF BENZO[c]CHRYSENE DIHYDRODIOLS IN THE MORPHOLOGICAL CELL TRANSFORMATION OF MOUSE EMBRYO FIBROBLAST C3H10T?CL8 CELLS

Abstract The morphological cell transforming activities of three dihydrodiols of benzo[c]chrysene (B[c]C), trans-B[c]C-7,8-diol, trans-B[c]C-9...

Woodbridge Research Facility Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study; Focused Feasibility Study for Operable Unit Three

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-11-01

TCL Target Compound List TCLP toxicity characteristic leachate procedure TPH Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon TRV toxicity reference value TSCA...controlled environment where temperature, nutrients, and oxygen can be controlled. Gaseous emissions and leachate can also be collected and treated...wood chip mixture was then spread over a gravel base enclosed in HDPE. The treatment beds were aerated with blowers and leachate was collected in a

The procedure execution manager and its application to Advanced Photon Source operation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Borland, M.

1997-06-01

The Procedure Execution Manager (PEM) combines a complete scripting environment for coding accelerator operation procedures with a manager application for executing and monitoring the procedures. PEM is based on Tcl/Tk, a supporting widget library, and the dp-tcl extension for distributed processing. The scripting environment provides support for distributed, parallel execution of procedures along with join and abort operations. Nesting of procedures is supported, permitting the same code to run as a top-level procedure under operator control or as a subroutine under control of another procedure. The manager application allows an operator to execute one or more procedures in automatic, semi-automatic,more » or manual modes. It also provides a standard way for operators to interact with procedures. A number of successful applications of PEM to accelerator operations have been made to date. These include start-up, shutdown, and other control of the positron accumulator ring (PAR), low-energy transport (LET) lines, and the booster rf systems. The PAR/LET procedures make nested use of PEM`s ability to run parallel procedures. There are also a number of procedures to guide and assist tune-up operations, to make accelerator physics measurements, and to diagnose equipment. Because of the success of the existing procedures, expanded use of PEM is planned.« less

Science-based HRA: experimental comparison of operator performance to IDAC (Information-Decision-Action Crew) simulations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shirley, Rachel; Smidts, Carol; Boring, Ronald

Information-Decision-Action Crew (IDAC) operator model simulations of a Steam Generator Tube Rupture are compared to student operator performance in studies conducted in the Ohio State University’s Nuclear Power Plant Simulator Facility. This study is presented as a prototype for conducting simulator studies to validate key aspects of Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) methods. Seven student operator crews are compared to simulation results for crews designed to demonstrate three different decision-making strategies. The IDAC model used in the simulations is modified slightly to capture novice behavior rather that expert operators. Operator actions and scenario pacing are compared. A preliminary review of availablemore » performance shaping factors (PSFs) is presented. After the scenario in the NPP Simulator Facility, student operators review a video of the scenario and evaluate six PSFs at pre-determined points in the scenario. This provides a dynamic record of the PSFs experienced by the OSU student operators. In this preliminary analysis, Time Constraint Load (TCL) calculated in the IDAC simulations is compared to TCL reported by student operators. We identify potential modifications to the IDAC model to develop an “IDAC Student Operator Model.” This analysis provides insights into how similar experiments could be conducted using expert operators to improve the fidelity of IDAC simulations.« less

Control of Plant Trichome and Root-Hair Development by a Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) R3 MYB Transcription Factor

PubMed Central

Tominaga-Wada, Rumi; Nukumizu, Yuka; Sato, Shusei; Wada, Takuji

2013-01-01

In Arabidopsis thaliana the CPC-like MYB transcription factors [CAPRICE (CPC), TRIPTYCHON (TRY), ENHANCER OF TRY AND CPC 1, 2, 3/CPC-LIKE MYB 3 (ETC1, ETC2, ETC3/CPL3), TRICHOMELESS 1, 2/CPC-LIKE MYB 4 (TCL1, TCL2/CPL4)] and the bHLH transcription factors [GLABRA3 (GL3) and ENHANCER OF GLABRA 3 (EGL3)] are central regulators of trichome and root-hair development. We identified TRY and GL3 homologous genes from the tomato genome and named them SlTRY and SlGL3, respectively. Phylogenic analyses revealed a close relationship between the tomato and Arabidopsis genes. Real-time reverse transcription PCR analyses showed that SlTRY and SlGL3 were predominantly expressed in aerial parts of developing tomato. After transformation into Arabidopsis, CPC::SlTRY inhibited trichome formation and enhanced root-hair differentiation by strongly repressing GL2 expression. On the other hand, GL3::SlGL3 transformation did not show any obvious effect on trichome or non-hair cell differentiation. These results suggest that tomato and Arabidopsis partially use similar transcription factors for epidermal cell differentiation, and that a CPC-like R3 MYB may be a key common regulator of plant trichome and root-hair development. PMID:23326563

Improved ohmic contact of Ga-Doped ZnO to p-GaN by using copper sulfide intermediate layers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gu, Wen; Xu, Tao; Zhang, Jianhua

2013-11-01

Copper sulfide (CuS) was used as the intermediate layer to build ohmic contact of Ga-Doped ZnO (GZO) transparent conduction layer (TCL) to p-GaN. The CuS and GZO layers were prepared by thermal evaporation and RF magnetron sputtering, respectively. Although the GZO-only contacts to p-GaN exhibit nonlinear behavior, ohmic contact with a specific contact resistance of 1.6 × 10-2 Ω cm2 has been realized by inserting 3 nm CuS layer between GZO and p-GaN. The optical transmittance of CuS/GZO film was measured to be higher than 80% in the range of 450-600 nm wavelength. The possible mechanism for the ohmic contact behavior can be attributed to the increased hole concentration of p-GaN surface induced by CuS films after annealing. The forward voltage of LEDs with CuS/GZO TCL has been reduced by 1.7 V at 20 mA and the output power has been increased by 29.6% at 100 mA compared with LEDs without CuS interlayer. These results indicated that using CuS intermediate layer could be a potential ohmic contact method to realize high-efficiency LEDs.

Cladribine Analogues via O6-(Benzotriazolyl) Derivatives of Guanine Nucleosides

PubMed Central

Satishkumar, Sakilam; Vuram, Prasanna K.; Relangi, Siva Subrahmanyam; Gurram, Venkateshwarlu; Zhou, Hong; Kreitman, Robert J.; Montemayor, Michelle M. Martínez; Yang, Lijia; Kaliyaperumal, Muralidharan; Sharma, Somesh; Pottabathini, Narender; Lakshman, Mahesh K.

2016-01-01

Cladribine, 2-chloro-2′-deoxyadenosine, is a highly efficacious clinically used nucleoside for the treatment of hairy cell leukemia. It is also being evaluated against other lymphoid malignancies and has been a molecule of interest for well over half a century. In continuation of our interest on the amide bond-activation in purine nucleosides via the use of (benzotriazol-1yl-oxy)tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, we have evaluated the use of O6-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-2′-deoxyguanosine as a potential precursor to cladribine and its analogues. These compounds, after appropriate deprotection, were assessed for their biological activities and the data are presented herein. Against hairy cell leukemia (HCL), T-cell lymphoma (TCL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cladribine was the most active against all. The bromo analogue of cladribine showed comparable activity to the ribose analogue of cladribine against HCL, but was more active against TCL and CLL. The bromo ribo analogue of cladribine possessed activity, but was least active among the C6-NH2-containing compounds. Substitution with alkyl groups at the exocyclic amino group appears detrimental to activity, and only the C6 piperidinyl cladribine analogue demonstrated any activity. Against adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells, only cladribine and its ribose analogue were most active. PMID:26556315

Cladribine Analogues via O⁶-(Benzotriazolyl) Derivatives of Guanine Nucleosides.

PubMed

Satishkumar, Sakilam; Vuram, Prasanna K; Relangi, Siva Subrahmanyam; Gurram, Venkateshwarlu; Zhou, Hong; Kreitman, Robert J; Montemayor, Michelle M Martínez; Yang, Lijia; Kaliyaperumal, Muralidharan; Sharma, Somesh; Pottabathini, Narender; Lakshman, Mahesh K

2015-10-09

Cladribine, 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine, is a highly efficacious, clinically used nucleoside for the treatment of hairy cell leukemia. It is also being evaluated against other lymphoid malignancies and has been a molecule of interest for well over half a century. In continuation of our interest in the amide bond-activation in purine nucleosides via the use of (benzotriazol-1yl-oxy)tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, we have evaluated the use of O⁶-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-2'-deoxyguanosine as a potential precursor to cladribine and its analogues. These compounds, after appropriate deprotection, were assessed for their biological activities, and the data are presented herein. Against hairy cell leukemia (HCL), T-cell lymphoma (TCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), cladribine was the most active against all. The bromo analogue of cladribine showed comparable activity to the ribose analogue of cladribine against HCL, but was more active against TCL and CLL. The bromo ribose analogue of cladribine showed activity, but was the least active among the C6-NH₂-containing compounds. Substitution with alkyl groups at the exocyclic amino group appears detrimental to activity, and only the C6 piperidinyl cladribine analogue demonstrated any activity. Against adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells, cladribine and its ribose analogue were most active.

Density functional theory study of interactions between carbon monoxide and iron tetraaza macrocyclic complexes, FeTXTAA (X = -Cl, -OH, -OCH3, -NH2, and -NO2).

PubMed

de Matos Mourão Neto, Isaias; Silva, Adilson Luís Pereira; Tanaka, Auro Atsushi; de Jesus Gomes Varela, Jaldyr

2017-02-01

This work describes a DFT level theoretical quantum study using the B3LYP functional with the Lanl2TZ(f)/6-31G* basis set to calculate parameters including the bond distances and angles, electronic configurations, interaction energies, and vibrational frequencies of FeTClTAA (iron-tetrachloro-tetraaza[14]annulene), FeTOHTAA (iron-tetrahydroxy-tetraaza[14]annulene), FeTOCH 3 TAA (iron- tetramethoxy-tetraaza[14]annulene), FeTNH 2 TAA (iron-tetraamino-tetraaza[14]annulene), and FeTNO 2 TAA (iron-tetranitro-tetraaza[14]annulene) complexes, as well as their different spin multiplicities. The calculations showed that the complexes were most stable in the triplet spin state (S = 1), while, after interaction with carbon monoxide, the singlet state was most stable. The reactivity of the complexes was evaluated using HOMO-LUMO gap calculations. Parameter correlations were performed in order to identify the best complex for back bonding (3d xz Fe → 2p x C and 3d yz Fe → 2p z C) with carbon monoxide, and the degree of back bonding increased in the order: FeTNO 2 TAA < FeTClTAA < FeTOHTAA < FeTOCH 3 TAA < FeTNH 2 TAA.

A comparison of two methods of teaching. Computer managed instruction and keypad questions versus traditional classroom lecture.

PubMed

Halloran, L

1995-01-01

Computers increasingly are being integrated into nursing education. One method of integration is through computer managed instruction (CMI). Recently, technology has become available that allows the integration of keypad questions into CMI. This brings a new type of interactivity between students and teachers into the classroom. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in achievement between a control group taught by traditional classroom lecture (TCL) and an experimental group taught using CMI and keypad questions. Both control and experimental groups consisted of convenience samples of junior nursing students in a baccalaureate program taking a medical/surgical nursing course. Achievement was measured by three instructor-developed multiple choice examinations. Findings demonstrated that although the experimental group demonstrated increasingly higher test scores as the semester progressed, no statistical difference was found in achievement between the two groups. One reason for this may be phenomenon of vampire video. Initially, the method of presentation overshadowed the content. As students became desensitized to the method, they were able to focus and absorb more content. This study suggests that CMI and keypads are a viable teaching option for nursing education. It is equal to TCL in student achievement and provides a new level of interaction in the classroom setting.

76 FR 44579 - Notice of Availability of Environmental Assessment for Strike Fighter Realignment at Naval Air...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-26

... Engineering Command, Southwest; Attn: Code EV21.AK; 1220 Pacific Highway, Building 1, 5th Floor; San Diego, CA... available for public review at the following Web site: http://www.cnic.navy.mil/cnrsw . In addition, paper... language informational materials will be made available on the Web site: http://www.cnic.navy.mil/cnrsw and...

An Investigation into the Role of Gesture in Enhancing Children's Vocabulary Command

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heidari, Kamal

2015-01-01

The primary aim of the current study was to explore whether non-linguistic conventions, especially gesture, have a significant impact on children's vocabulary learning. Fifty male and female Iranian children aged between 3 and 6 years of age (mean age?=?3.5) from two classes of a language institute were taught a set of lexical items using two…

Engineers of the Southwest Pacific 1941-1945. Volume 8. Critique

DTIC Science & Technology

1950-01-01

excerpts had to be complemented and expanded into well-rounded interpretations , and the many remotely connected conclusions had to be combined and...88 Brigadier General Ralph Coane, 41st Division Artillery Commander, uses map to interpret ...hostilities, was using six different language interpreters whcn oeaL he addressed his regiment. demolition crew, had crossed. The entireopea- 5 c

The Dark and Bloody Mystery: Building Basic Writers' Confidence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sledd, Robert

While the roots of students' fear of writing go deep, students fear most the surface of writing. They fear that a person's language indicates the state not only of the mind but of the soul--thus their writing can make them look stupid and morally depraved. This fear of error and lack of confidence prevent students from developing a command of the…

Integrating Blog and Face-to-Face Instruction into an ESP Course: English for Hospitality and Tourism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shih, Ru-Chu

2012-01-01

With the rapid growth of international trade and globalization, English language has been emphasized in Asia countries, thus professionals with a good command of English has become essential and important. This study aimed to establish a blended model combining face-to-face (F2F) instruction for English for Specific Purposes (ESP) course: English…

The Political Uses of Sign Language: The Case of the French Revolution

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rosenfeld, Sophia

2005-01-01

The story of the Abbe de l'Epee's "methodical signs" is best known as a key moment in Deaf history. However, at the time of the French Revolution this story served a larger political function. The example of de l'Epee's deaf students, and their seemingly miraculous command of ideas learned through gestural signs, helped the French…

The Relationship between Active Hand and Ear Advantage in the Native and Foreign Language

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mildner, V.; Stankovic, D.; Petkovic, M.

2005-01-01

In an experimental design involving two auditorily presented competing commands (one to each ear), 144 right-handed subjects (72 male and 72 female) were asked to provide motor responses. Half of each group of subjects was responding with their right hand and the other half with the left. The test was applied in the subjects' native language…

Programming for Pioneer 12

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shem, B. C.

1985-01-01

Background on Pioneer probes 6 to 11 is given as well as an overview of the Pioneer Venus mission. A computer program was written in C language for analyzing radio signals from the Pioneer Venus orbiter. A second program was written to facilitate high gain antenna commands to move the antenna itself, to set the simulated spin period, and to set the attitude control system angle.

Preschool Children Pay Attention to Their Addressees: Effects of Gender Composition on Peer Disputes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Killen, Melanie; Naigles, Letitia R.

1995-01-01

Examines whether preschool children take the gender of the addressee into account when disputing during peer exchanges. Finds that both boys and girls modified their language use in mixed-sex groups, with boys using fewer commands when more girls were present, and girls using more contradictions in mixed-sex than same-sex groups. (SR)

Processing of Basic Speech Acts Following Localized Brain Damage: A New Light on the Neuroanatomy of Language

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Soroker, N.; Kasher, A.; Giora, R.; Batori, G.; Corn, C.; Gil, M.; Zaidel, E.

2005-01-01

We examined the effect of localized brain lesions on processing of the basic speech acts (BSAs) of question, assertion, request, and command. Both left and right cerebral damage produced significant deficits relative to normal controls, and left brain damaged patients performed worse than patients with right-sided lesions. This finding argues…

Commanding Heterogeneous Multi-Robot Teams

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

Coalition Battle Management Language (C-BML) Study Group Report. 2005 Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop (05F- SIW - 041), Orlando, FL, September...NMSG-085 CIG Land Operation Demonstration. 2013 Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop (13S- SIW -031), San Diego, CA. April 2013. [4] K...Simulation Interoperability Workshop (10F- SIW -039), Orlando, FL, September 2010. [5] M. Langerwisch, M. Ax, S. Thamke, T. Remmersmann, A. Tiderko

Fiscal Year 1970 Work Program for the Department of the Army; Research and Development in Training, Motivation, and Leadership.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Human Resources Research Organization, Alexandria, VA.

Activities (28 Work Units and six other research efforts) performed by the Human Resources Research Organization for the Department of the Army for Fiscal Year 1970 have been grouped by six major areas: individual training and performance; unit training and performance; training for leadership, command, and control; language and area training;…

Raster Metafile And Raster Metafile Translator Programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Randall, Donald P.; Gates, Raymond L.; Skeens, Kristi M.

1994-01-01

Raster Metafile (RM) computer program is generic raster-image-format program, and Raster Metafile Translator (RMT) program is assortment of software tools for processing images prepared in this format. Processing includes reading, writing, and displaying RM images. Such other image-manipulation features as minimal compositing operator and resizing option available under RMT command structure. RMT written in FORTRAN 77 and C language.

The Canonical Robot Command Language (CRCL).

PubMed

Proctor, Frederick M; Balakirsky, Stephen B; Kootbally, Zeid; Kramer, Thomas R; Schlenoff, Craig I; Shackleford, William P

2016-01-01

Industrial robots can perform motion with sub-millimeter repeatability when programmed using the teach-and-playback method. While effective, this method requires significant up-front time, tying up the robot and a person during the teaching phase. Off-line programming can be used to generate robot programs, but the accuracy of this method is poor unless supplemented with good calibration to remove systematic errors, feed-forward models to anticipate robot response to loads, and sensing to compensate for unmodeled errors. These increase the complexity and up-front cost of the system, but the payback in the reduction of recurring teach programming time can be worth the effort. This payback especially benefits small-batch, short-turnaround applications typical of small-to-medium enterprises, who need the agility afforded by off-line application development to be competitive against low-cost manual labor. To fully benefit from this agile application tasking model, a common representation of tasks should be used that is understood by all of the resources required for the job: robots, tooling, sensors, and people. This paper describes an information model, the Canonical Robot Command Language (CRCL), which provides a high-level description of robot tasks and associated control and status information.

Nuclear data made easily accessible through the Notre Dame Nuclear Database

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khouw, Timothy; Lee, Kevin; Fasano, Patrick; Mumpower, Matthew; Aprahamian, Ani

2014-09-01

In 1994, the NNDC revolutionized nuclear research by providing a colorful, clickable, searchable database over the internet. Over the last twenty years, web technology has evolved dramatically. Our project, the Notre Dame Nuclear Database, aims to provide a more comprehensive and broadly searchable interactive body of data. The database can be searched by an array of filters which includes metadata such as the facility where a measurement is made, the author(s), or date of publication for the datum of interest. The user interface takes full advantage of HTML, a web markup language, CSS (cascading style sheets to define the aesthetics of the website), and JavaScript, a language that can process complex data. A command-line interface is supported that interacts with the database directly on a user's local machine which provides single command access to data. This is possible through the use of a standardized API (application programming interface) that relies upon well-defined filtering variables to produce customized search results. We offer an innovative chart of nuclides utilizing scalable vector graphics (SVG) to deliver users an unsurpassed level of interactivity supported on all computers and mobile devices. We will present a functional demo of our database at the conference.

The Canonical Robot Command Language (CRCL)

PubMed Central

Proctor, Frederick M.; Balakirsky, Stephen B.; Kootbally, Zeid; Kramer, Thomas R.; Schlenoff, Craig I.; Shackleford, William P.

2017-01-01

Industrial robots can perform motion with sub-millimeter repeatability when programmed using the teach-and-playback method. While effective, this method requires significant up-front time, tying up the robot and a person during the teaching phase. Off-line programming can be used to generate robot programs, but the accuracy of this method is poor unless supplemented with good calibration to remove systematic errors, feed-forward models to anticipate robot response to loads, and sensing to compensate for unmodeled errors. These increase the complexity and up-front cost of the system, but the payback in the reduction of recurring teach programming time can be worth the effort. This payback especially benefits small-batch, short-turnaround applications typical of small-to-medium enterprises, who need the agility afforded by off-line application development to be competitive against low-cost manual labor. To fully benefit from this agile application tasking model, a common representation of tasks should be used that is understood by all of the resources required for the job: robots, tooling, sensors, and people. This paper describes an information model, the Canonical Robot Command Language (CRCL), which provides a high-level description of robot tasks and associated control and status information. PMID:28529393

Stability of Core Language Skill across the First Decade of Life in Children at Biological and Social Risk

PubMed Central

Bornstein, Marc H.; Hahn, Chun-Shin; Putnick, Diane L.

2016-01-01

Background Command of language is a fundamental skill, a cornerstone of multiple cognitive and socioemotional aspects of development, and a necessary ingredient of successful adjustment and functioning in society. Little is known about the developmental stability of language in at-risk youth or which biological and social risk factors moderate stability. Methods This four-wave 10-year prospective longitudinal study evaluated stability of core language skill in 1780 children in varying categories of biological and social risk in a multiage, multidomain, multimeasure, and multireporter framework. Results Structural equation modeling supported loadings of diverse age-appropriate measures of child language on single latent variables of core language skill at 15 and 25 months and 5 and 11 years, respectively. Core language skill was stable over the first decade of life; significant and comparable stability coefficients were obtained for children with diverse biological and social risks, including poor health, welfare status, teen motherhood, ethnicity, gender, birth order, and families that changed in income and maternal education over the study period; stability in language was strong even accounting for child nonverbal intelligence and social competence, maternal education and language, and the family home environment. Conclusions Core language skill varies in stability with age but is robustly stable in children regardless of multiple biological and social risk factors. PMID:27605246

Software Development for Remote Control and Firing Room Displays

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zambrano Pena, Jessica

2014-01-01

The Launch Control System (LCS) developed at NASA's Kennedy Space Center (KSC) will be used to launch future spacecraft. Two of the many components of this system are the Application Control Language (ACL) and remote displays. ACL is a high level domain specific language that is used to write remote control applications for LCS. Remote displays are graphical user interfaces (GUIs) developed to display vehicle and Ground Support Equipment (GSE) data, they also provide the ability to send commands to control GSE and the vehicle. The remote displays and the control applications have many facets and this internship experience dealt with several of them.

SSBRP Communication & Data System Development using the Unified Modeling Language (UML)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Windrem, May; Picinich, Lou; Givens, John J. (Technical Monitor)

1998-01-01

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the standard method for specifying, visualizing, and documenting the artifacts of an object-oriented system under development. UML is the unification of the object-oriented methods developed by Grady Booch and James Rumbaugh, and of the Use Case Model developed by Ivar Jacobson. This paper discusses the application of UML by the Communications and Data Systems (CDS) team to model the ground control and command of the Space Station Biological Research Project (SSBRP) User Operations Facility (UOF). UML is used to define the context of the system, the logical static structure, the life history of objects, and the interactions among objects.

Development of Ada language control software for the NASA power management and distribution test bed

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wright, Ted; Mackin, Michael; Gantose, Dave

1989-01-01

The Ada language software developed to control the NASA Lewis Research Center's Power Management and Distribution testbed is described. The testbed is a reduced-scale prototype of the electric power system to be used on space station Freedom. It is designed to develop and test hardware and software for a 20-kHz power distribution system. The distributed, multiprocessor, testbed control system has an easy-to-use operator interface with an understandable English-text format. A simple interface for algorithm writers that uses the same commands as the operator interface is provided, encouraging interactive exploration of the system.

RAPID: Collaborative Commanding and Monitoring of Lunar Assets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Torres, Recaredo J.; Mittman, David S.; Powell, Mark W.; Norris, Jeffrey S.; Joswig, Joseph C.; Crockett, Thomas M.; Abramyan, Lucy; Shams, Khawaja S.; Wallick, Michael; Allan, Mark;

Field Programmable Gate Array Reliability Analysis Guidelines for Launch Vehicle Reliability Block Diagrams

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Al Hassan, Mohammad; Britton, Paul; Hatfield, Glen Spencer; Novack, Steven D.

2017-01-01

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) integrated circuits (IC) are one of the key electronic components in today's sophisticated launch and space vehicle complex avionic systems, largely due to their superb reprogrammable and reconfigurable capabilities combined with relatively low non-recurring engineering costs (NRE) and short design cycle. Consequently, FPGAs are prevalent ICs in communication protocols and control signal commands. This paper will identify reliability concerns and high level guidelines to estimate FPGA total failure rates in a launch vehicle application. The paper will discuss hardware, hardware description language, and radiation induced failures. The hardware contribution of the approach accounts for physical failures of the IC. The hardware description language portion will discuss the high level FPGA programming languages and software/code reliability growth. The radiation portion will discuss FPGA susceptibility to space environment radiation.

UTM Technical Capabilities Level 2 (TLC2) Test at Reno-Stead Airport.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-10-06

Test of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) technical capability Level 2 (TCL2) at Reno-Stead Airport, Nevada. During the test, five drones simultaneously crossed paths, separated by altitude. Two drones flew beyond visual line-of-sight and three flew within line-of-sight of their operators. Engineer Joey Mercer reviews flight paths using the UAS traffic management research platform UTM coordinator app to verify and validate flight paths.

Future Directions for Astronomical Image Display

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mandel, Eric

2000-01-01

In the "Future Directions for Astronomical Image Displav" project, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) and the National Optical Astronomy Observatories (NOAO) evolved our existing image display program into fully extensible. cross-platform image display software. We also devised messaging software to support integration of image display into astronomical analysis systems. Finally, we migrated our software from reliance on Unix and the X Window System to a platform-independent architecture that utilizes the cross-platform Tcl/Tk technology.

Identification of measurement differences between English and Spanish language versions of the Mini-Mental State Examination. Detecting differential item functioning using MIMIC modeling.

PubMed

Jones, Richard N

2006-11-01

Knowledge of the extent to which measurement of adult cognitive functioning differs between Spanish and English language administrations of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is critical for inclusive, representative, and valid research of older adults in the United States. We sought to demonstrate the use of an item response theory (IRT) based structural equation model, that is, the MIMIC model (multiple indicators, multiple causes), to evaluate MMSE responses for evidence of differential item functioning (DIF) attributable to language of administration. We studied participants in a dementia case registry study (n = 1546), 42% of whom were examined with the Spanish language MMSE. Twelve of 21 items were identified as having significant uniform DIF. The 4 most discrepant included orientation to season, orientation to state, repeat phrase, and follow command. DIF accounted for two-thirds of the observed difference in underlying level of cognitive functioning between Spanish- and English-language administration groups. Failing to account for measurement differences may lead to spurious inferences regarding language group differences in level of underlying level of cognitive functioning. The MIMIC model can be used to detect and adjust for such measurement differences in substantive research.

The Design of Hand Gestures for Human-Computer Interaction: Lessons from Sign Language Interpreters

PubMed Central

Rempel, David; Camilleri, Matt J.; Lee, David L.

2015-01-01

The design and selection of 3D modeled hand gestures for human-computer interaction should follow principles of natural language combined with the need to optimize gesture contrast and recognition. The selection should also consider the discomfort and fatigue associated with distinct hand postures and motions, especially for common commands. Sign language interpreters have extensive and unique experience forming hand gestures and many suffer from hand pain while gesturing. Professional sign language interpreters (N=24) rated discomfort for hand gestures associated with 47 characters and words and 33 hand postures. Clear associations of discomfort with hand postures were identified. In a nominal logistic regression model, high discomfort was associated with gestures requiring a flexed wrist, discordant adjacent fingers, or extended fingers. These and other findings should be considered in the design of hand gestures to optimize the relationship between human cognitive and physical processes and computer gesture recognition systems for human-computer input. PMID:26028955

Flexible Parsing.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-06-30

Machine Studies .. 14. Minton, S. N., Hayes, P. J., and Fain, J. E. Controlling Search in Flexible Parsing. Proc. Ninth Int. Jt. Conf. on Artificial...interaction through the COUSIN command interface", International Journal of Man- Machine Studies , Vol. 19, No. 3, September 1983, pp. 285-305. 8...in a gracefully interacting user interface," "Dynamic strategy selection in flexible parsing," and "Parsing spoken language: a semantic case frame

SSC San Diego Biennial Review 2003. Command and Control

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-01-01

systems. IMAT systems use scientific visualizations, three- dimensional graphics, and animations to illustrate com- plex physical interactions in mission...Again, interactive animations are used to explain underlying concepts. For exam- ple, for principles of beamforming using a phased array, a three...solve complex problems. Experts type natural language text, use mouse clicks to provide hints for explanation generation, and use mouse clicks to

Facilities Engineering Management System Study: Catalog of Automatic Data Processing Applications Developed by USACERL (U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory) for Army Installation Directories of Engineering and Housing

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-08-01

Programming Languages Used: AUTOCAD Command, AUTOLISP Type of Commercial Program Used: CAD Specific Commercial Program Used: AUTOCAD Version: 1.0...collection which the system can directly translate into printed reports. This eliminates the need for filling data collection forms and manual compiling of

Problems in Preparing for the English Impromptu Speech Contest: The Case of Yuanpei Institute of Science and Technology in Taiwan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hsieh, Shu-min

2006-01-01

Entering an "English Impromptu Speech Contest" intimidates many students who do not have a good command of the English language. Some choose to give up before the contest date while others stand speechless on the stage. This paper identifies a range of problems confronted by contestants from my college, the Yuanpei Institute of Science…

33 CFR 155.1065 - Procedures for plan submission, approval, requests for acceptance of alternative planning...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... complete English language copy of a vessel response plan to Commandant (CG-5431), Coast Guard, 2100 2nd St... a period of up to 5 years from the date of approval. (d) If the Coast Guard reviews the plan and...., SW., Stop 7581, Washington, DC 20593-7581. [CGD 91-034, 61 FR 1081, Jan. 12, 1996, as amended by CGD...

Training and Personnel Systems Technology R and D Program Description FY 93

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-07-24

instructional strategies provide the best training in ICAT applications, and (c) demonstration of microcomputer authoring techniques for rapid development...learning strategies for language training, (b) develop a behavioral taxonomy to evaluate Military Intelligence (MI) performance and to characterize the...training requirements for collective tasks. In FY93, plans are to: (a) develop training strategies for sustaining command and control skills, and (b

Education in the Mother-Tongue: A Nigerian Experiment--the Six-Year (Yoruba Medium) Primary Education Project at the University of Ife, Nigeria

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fafunwa, A. Babs

1975-01-01

This project was launched as a medium of instruction throughout the six-year primary course, predicted on the hypotheses that the child benefits culturally, socially, linguistically and cognitively through native language instruction, and that his command of English will be improved if it is taught as a separate subject by a specially trained…

Closed Loop Analysis Meta-Language Program (CLAMP)

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-01

formats of Spreadsheets, XML, MCPML, or something else should be the ( anthropometry or other) experts’ productivity in: 1) crafting data 2) applying...FORCE MATERIEL COMMAND UNITED STATES AIR FORCE NOTICE AND SIGNATURE PAGE Using Government drawings, specifications, or other data included in...formulated or supplied the drawings, specifications, or other data does not license the holder or any other person or corporation; or convey any rights or

Scalable Molecular Dynamics with NAMD

PubMed Central

Phillips, James C.; Braun, Rosemary; Wang, Wei; Gumbart, James; Tajkhorshid, Emad; Villa, Elizabeth; Chipot, Christophe; Skeel, Robert D.; Kalé, Laxmikant; Schulten, Klaus

2008-01-01

NAMD is a parallel molecular dynamics code designed for high-performance simulation of large biomolecular systems. NAMD scales to hundreds of processors on high-end parallel platforms, as well as tens of processors on low-cost commodity clusters, and also runs on individual desktop and laptop computers. NAMD works with AMBER and CHARMM potential functions, parameters, and file formats. This paper, directed to novices as well as experts, first introduces concepts and methods used in the NAMD program, describing the classical molecular dynamics force field, equations of motion, and integration methods along with the efficient electrostatics evaluation algorithms employed and temperature and pressure controls used. Features for steering the simulation across barriers and for calculating both alchemical and conformational free energy differences are presented. The motivations for and a roadmap to the internal design of NAMD, implemented in C++ and based on Charm++ parallel objects, are outlined. The factors affecting the serial and parallel performance of a simulation are discussed. Next, typical NAMD use is illustrated with representative applications to a small, a medium, and a large biomolecular system, highlighting particular features of NAMD, e.g., the Tcl scripting language. Finally, the paper provides a list of the key features of NAMD and discusses the benefits of combining NAMD with the molecular graphics/sequence analysis software VMD and the grid computing/collaboratory software BioCoRE. NAMD is distributed free of charge with source code at www.ks.uiuc.edu. PMID:16222654

Autonomous Commanding of the WIRE Spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prior, Mike; Walyus, Keith; Saylor, Rick

1999-01-01

This paper presents the end-to-end design architecture for an autonomous commanding capability to be used on the Wide Field Infrared Explorer (WIRE) mission for the uplink of command loads during unattended station contacts. The WIRE mission is the fifth and final mission of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Small Explorer (SMEX) series to be launched in March of 1999. Its primary mission is the targeting of deep space fields using an ultra-cooled infrared telescope. Due to its mission design WIRE command loads are large (approximately 40 Kbytes per 24 hours) and must be performed daily. To reduce the cost of mission operations support that would be required in order to uplink command loads, the WIRE Flight Operations Team has implemented an autonomous command loading capability. This capability allows completely unattended operations over a typical two- day weekend period. The key factors driving design and implementation of this capability were: 1) Integration with already existing ground system autonomous capabilities and systems, 2) The desire to evolve autonomous operations capabilities based upon previous SMEX operations experience 3) Integration with ground station operations - both autonomous and man-tended, 4) Low cost and quick implementation, and 5) End-to-end system robustness. A trade-off study was performed to examine these factors in light of the low-cost, higher-risk SMEX mission philosophy. The study concluded that a STOL (Spacecraft Test and Operations Language) based script, highly integrated with other scripts used to perform autonomous operations, was best suited given the budget and goals of the mission. Each of these factors is discussed to provide an overview of the autonomous operations capabilities implemented for the mission. The capabilities implemented on the WIRE mission are an example of a low-cost, robust, and efficient method for autonomous command loading when implemented with other autonomous features of the ground system. They can be used as a design and implementation template by other small satellite missions interested in evolving toward autonomous and lower cost operations.

Applications of artificial intelligence to space station and automated software techniques: High level robot command language

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mckee, James W.

1989-01-01

The objective is to develop a system that will allow a person not necessarily skilled in the art of programming robots to quickly and naturally create the necessary data and commands to enable a robot to perform a desired task. The system will use a menu driven graphical user interface. This interface will allow the user to input data to select objects to be moved. There will be an imbedded expert system to process the knowledge about objects and the robot to determine how they are to be moved. There will be automatic path planning to avoid obstacles in the work space and to create a near optimum path. The system will contain the software to generate the required robot instructions.

The Mission Operations Planning Assistant

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schuetzle, James G.

1987-01-01

The Mission Operations Planning Assistant (MOPA) is a knowledge-based system developed to support the planning and scheduling of instrument activities on the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite (UARS). The MOPA system represents and maintains instrument plans at two levels of abstraction in order to keep plans comprehensible to both UARS Principal Investigators and Command Management personnel. The hierarchical representation of plans also allows MOPA to automatically create detailed instrument activity plans from which spacecraft command loads may be generated. The MOPA system was developed on a Symbolics 3640 computer using the ZetaLisp and ART languages. MOPA's features include a textual and graphical interface for plan inspection and modification, recognition of instrument operational constraint violations during the planning process, and consistency maintenance between the different planning levels. This paper describes the current MOPA system.

The mission operations planning assistant

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schuetzle, James G.

1987-01-01

The Mission Operations Planning Assistant (MOPA) is a knowledge-based system developed to support the planning and scheduling of instrument activities on the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite (UARS). The MOPA system represents and maintains instrument plans at two levels of abstraction in order to keep plans comprehensible to both UARS Prinicpal Investigators and Command Management personnel. The hierarchical representation of plans also allows MOPA to automatically create detailed instrument activity plans from which spacecraft command loads may be generated. The MOPA system was developed on a Symbolics 3640 computer using the ZETALISP and ART languages. MOPA's features include a textual and graphical interface for plan inspection and modification, recognition of instrument operational constraint violations during the planning process, and consistency maintenance between the different planning levels. This paper describes the current MOPA system.

Modeling, Analysis, and Control of Demand Response Resources

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mathieu, Johanna L.

2012-05-01

While the traditional goal of an electric power system has been to control supply to fulfill demand, the demand-side can plan an active role in power systems via Demand Response (DR), defined by the Department of Energy (DOE) as “a tariff or program established to motivate changes in electric use by end-use customers in response to changes in the price of electricity over time, or to give incentive payments designed to induce lower electricity use at times of high market prices or when grid reliability is jeopardized” [29]. DR can provide a variety of benefits including reducing peak electric loadsmore » when the power system is stressed and fast timescale energy balancing. Therefore, DR can improve grid reliability and reduce wholesale energy prices and their volatility. This dissertation focuses on analyzing both recent and emerging DR paradigms. Recent DR programs have focused on peak load reduction in commercial buildings and industrial facilities (C&I facilities). We present methods for using 15-minute-interval electric load data, commonly available from C&I facilities, to help building managers understand building energy consumption and ‘ask the right questions’ to discover opportunities for DR. Additionally, we present a regression-based model of whole building electric load, i.e., a baseline model, which allows us to quantify DR performance. We use this baseline model to understand the performance of 38 C&I facilities participating in an automated dynamic pricing DR program in California. In this program, facilities are expected to exhibit the same response each DR event. We find that baseline model error makes it difficult to precisely quantify changes in electricity consumption and understand if C&I facilities exhibit event-to-event variability in their response to DR signals. Therefore, we present a method to compute baseline model error and a metric to determine how much observed DR variability results from baseline model error rather than real variability in response. We find that, in general, baseline model error is large. Though some facilities exhibit real DR variability, most observed variability results from baseline model error. In some cases, however, aggregations of C&I facilities exhibit real DR variability, which could create challenges for power system operation. These results have implications for DR program design and deployment. Emerging DR paradigms focus on faster timescale DR. Here, we investigate methods to coordinate aggregations of residential thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs), including air conditioners and refrigerators, to manage frequency and energy imbalances in power systems. We focus on opportunities to centrally control loads with high accuracy but low requirements for sensing and communications infrastructure. Specifically, we compare cases when measured load state information (e.g., power consumption and temperature) is 1) available in real time; 2) available, but not in real time; and 3) not available. We develop Markov Chain models to describe the temperature state evolution of heterogeneous populations of TCLs, and use Kalman filtering for both state and joint parameter/state estimation. We present a look-ahead proportional controller to broadcast control signals to all TCLs, which always remain in their temperature dead-band. Simulations indicate that it is possible to achieve power tracking RMS errors in the range of 0.26–9.3% of steady state aggregated power consumption. Results depend upon the information available for system identification, state estimation, and control. We find that, depending upon the performance required, TCLs may not need to provide state information to the central controller in real time or at all. We also estimate the size of the TCL potential resource; potential revenue from participation in markets; and break-even costs associated with deploying DR-enabling technologies. We find that current TCL energy storage capacity in California is 8–11 GWh, with refrigerators contributing the most. Annual revenues from participation in regulation vary from $10 to $220 per TCL per year depending upon the type of TCL and climate zone, while load following and arbitrage revenues are more modest at $2 to $35 per TCL per year. These results lead to a number of policy recommendations that will make it easier to engage residential loads in fast timescale DR.« less

When epilepsy may have changed history: Antônio Moreira César as the commander of the third expedition in the war of Canudos.

PubMed

Yacubian, Elza Márcia Targas

2003-06-01

Colonel Antônio Moreira César, the Commander of the third Expedition against Canudos (1896-1897), nicknamed "head-chopper", was considered an implacable military man, a synonym of ferocity and extreme brutality against his adversaries. Therefore, he was nominated the Commander of an expedition considered almost invincible. Since his 30's he presented epileptic seizures, which increased in frequency and severity on his way to Canudos. After several well-documented episodes and probably considering himself the winner in anticipation, he ordered a premature and almost ingenuous attack against Canudos. His misjudging is attributed to the effect of successive seizures. He was shot and killed on the very first day of that battle and his expedition had a horrible and unexpected end. Based on the descriptions of his biographer we discuss the nature of his disease probably characterized by focal seizures with elementary and complex visual hallucinations followed by language deficits and episodes of complex partial seizures and secondary generalization and its role in this episode of Brazilian history.

Distributed framework for dyanmic telescope and instrument control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ames, Troy J.; Case, Lynne

2003-02-01

Traditionally, instrument command and control systems have been developed specifically for a single instrument. Such solutions are frequently expensive and are inflexible to support the next instrument development effort. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center is developing an extensible framework, known as Instrument Remote Control (IRC) that applies to any kind of instrument that can be controlled by a computer. IRC combines the platform independent processing capabilities of Java with the power of the Extensible Markup Language (XML). A key aspect of the architecture is software that is driven by an instrument description, written using the Instrument Markup Language (IML). IML is an XML dialect used to describe graphical user interfaces to control and monitor the instrument, command sets and command formats, data streams, communication mechanisms, and data processing algorithms. The IRC framework provides the ability to communicate to components anywhere on a network using the JXTA protocol for dynamic discovery of distributed components. JXTA (see http://www.jxta.org) is a generalized protocol that allows any devices connected by a network to communicate in a peer-to-peer manner. IRC uses JXTA to advertise a devices IML and discover devices of interest on the network. Devices can join or leave the network and thus join or leave the instrument control environment of IRC. Currently, several astronomical instruments are working with the IRC development team to develop custom components for IRC to control their instruments. These instruments include: High resolution Airborne Wideband Camera (HAWC), a first light instrument for the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA); Submillimeter And Far Infrared Experiment (SAFIRE), a Principal Investigator instrument for SOFIA; and Fabry-Perot Interferometer Bolometer Research Experiment (FIBRE), a prototype of the SAFIRE instrument, used at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO). Most recently, we have been working with the Submillimetre High

Hypermedia and intelligent tutoring applications in a mission operations environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ames, Troy; Baker, Clifford

1990-01-01

Hypermedia, hypertext and Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) applications to support all phases of mission operations are investigated. The application of hypermedia and ITS technology to improve system performance and safety in supervisory control is described - with an emphasis on modeling operator's intentions in the form of goals, plans, tasks, and actions. Review of hypermedia and ITS technology is presented as may be applied to the tutoring of command and control languages. Hypertext based ITS is developed to train flight operation teams and System Test and Operation Language (STOL). Specific hypermedia and ITS application areas are highlighted, including: computer aided instruction of flight operation teams (STOL ITS) and control center software development tools (CHIMES and STOL Certification Tool).

Implementation of relational data base management systems on micro-computers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huang, C.L.

1982-01-01

This dissertation describes an implementation of a Relational Data Base Management System on a microcomputer. A specific floppy disk based hardward called TERAK is being used, and high level query interface which is similar to a subset of the SEQUEL language is provided. The system contains sub-systems such as I/O, file management, virtual memory management, query system, B-tree management, scanner, command interpreter, expression compiler, garbage collection, linked list manipulation, disk space management, etc. The software has been implemented to fulfill the following goals: (1) it is highly modularized. (2) The system is physically segmented into 16 logically independent, overlayable segments,more » in a way such that a minimal amount of memory is needed at execution time. (3) Virtual memory system is simulated that provides the system with seemingly unlimited memory space. (4) A language translator is applied to recognize user requests in the query language. The code generation of this translator generates compact code for the execution of UPDATE, DELETE, and QUERY commands. (5) A complete set of basic functions needed for on-line data base manipulations is provided through the use of a friendly query interface. (6) To eliminate the dependency on the environment (both software and hardware) as much as possible, so that it would be easy to transplant the system to other computers. (7) To simulate each relation as a sequential file. It is intended to be a highly efficient, single user system suited to be used by small or medium sized organizations for, say, administrative purposes. Experiments show that quite satisfying results have indeed been achieved.« less

On the Suitability of Tcl/Tk for SYS

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-02-01

database design, or user interface. CMU/SEI-2003-TN-001 7 4.4 Legacy Systems SYS is not now complete. The system it replaced interfaced with a dozen...a database maintained by a parent organization. Before SYS was released, many of its current users interacted directly with JSYS, so that system...rating. Rather than shades of blue, the full rainbow is exploited. Rather than window proliferation, the usual result of an action is to replace the

Simultaneous Top-down Modulation of the Primary Somatosensory Cortex and Thalamic Nuclei during Active Tactile Discrimination

PubMed Central

Pais-Vieira, Miguel; Lebedev, Mikhail A.; Wiest, Michael C.; Nicolelis, Miguel A.L.

2013-01-01

The rat somatosensory system contains multiple thalamocortical loops (TCL) that altogether process, in fundamentally different ways, tactile stimuli delivered passively or actively sampled. To elucidate potential top-down mechanisms that govern TCL processing in awake, behaving animals, we simultaneously recorded neuronal ensemble activity across multiple cortical and thalamic areas while rats performed an active aperture discrimination task. Single neurons located in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), the ventroposterior medial (VPM) and the posterior medial (POM) thalamic nuclei of the trigeminal somatosensory pathways exhibited prominent anticipatory firing modulations prior to the whiskers touching the aperture edges. This cortical and thalamic anticipatory firing could not be explained by whisker movements or whisker stimulation, because neither trigeminal ganglion sensory-evoked responses nor EMG activity were detected during the same period. Both thalamic and S1 anticipatory activity were predictive of the animal’s discrimination accuracy. Inactivation of the primary motor cortex (M1) with muscimol affected anticipatory patterns in S1 and the thalamus, and impaired the ability to predict the animal’s performance accuracy based on thalamocortical anticipatory activity. These findings suggest that neural processing in TCLs is launched in anticipation of whisker contact with objects, depends on top-down effects generated in part by M1 activity, and cannot be explained by the classical feedforward model of the rat trigeminal system. PMID:23447616

Molecular structure, magnetic properties, cyclic voltammetry of the low-spin iron(III) Bis(4-ethylaniline) complex with the para-chloro substituted meso-tetraphenylporphyrin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dhifaoui, Selma; Mchiri, Chadlia; Quatremare, Pierre; Marvaud, Valérie; Bujacz, Anna; Nasri, Habib

2018-02-01

In this study, the preparation of a new iron(III) hexacoordinated metalloporphyrin namely the bis(4-ethylaniline){meso-tetra(para-chlorophenyl)porphyrinato}iron(III) triflate hemi-4-ethylaniline monohydrate with the formula [FeIII(TClPP)(PhEtNH2)2]SO3CF3•1/2PhEtNH2•H2O (I) was reported. This is the first example of an iron(III) metalloporphyrin bis(primary amine) with an aryl group adjacent to the amino group. This species was characterized by elemental, spectroscopic analysis including UV-visible and IR data, cyclic voltammetry, SQUID measurements and X-ray molecular structure. The mean equatorial distance between the iron(III) and the nitrogens of the porphyrin is appropriate for a low-spin (S = 1/2) iron(III) porphyrin complex. The magnetic data confirm the low-spin state of our ferric derivative while the cyclic voltammetry indicates a shift of the half potential E1/2[Fe(III)/Fe(II)] of complex (I) toward more negative value. In the crystal of (I), the [FeIII(TClPP)(PhEtNH2)2]+ ions, the triflate counterions and the water molecules are involved in a number of O__H⋯O, N__H⋯O, C-H⋯O and C__H⋯π intermolecular interactions forming a three-dimension network.

A generic implementation of replica exchange with solute tempering (REST2) algorithm in NAMD for complex biophysical simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jo, Sunhwan; Jiang, Wei

2015-12-01

Replica Exchange with Solute Tempering (REST2) is a powerful sampling enhancement algorithm of molecular dynamics (MD) in that it needs significantly smaller number of replicas but achieves higher sampling efficiency relative to standard temperature exchange algorithm. In this paper, we extend the applicability of REST2 for quantitative biophysical simulations through a robust and generic implementation in greatly scalable MD software NAMD. The rescaling procedure of force field parameters controlling REST2 "hot region" is implemented into NAMD at the source code level. A user can conveniently select hot region through VMD and write the selection information into a PDB file. The rescaling keyword/parameter is written in NAMD Tcl script interface that enables an on-the-fly simulation parameter change. Our implementation of REST2 is within communication-enabled Tcl script built on top of Charm++, thus communication overhead of an exchange attempt is vanishingly small. Such a generic implementation facilitates seamless cooperation between REST2 and other modules of NAMD to provide enhanced sampling for complex biomolecular simulations. Three challenging applications including native REST2 simulation for peptide folding-unfolding transition, free energy perturbation/REST2 for absolute binding affinity of protein-ligand complex and umbrella sampling/REST2 Hamiltonian exchange for free energy landscape calculation were carried out on IBM Blue Gene/Q supercomputer to demonstrate efficacy of REST2 based on the present implementation.

Alternative splice variants of AID are not stoichiometrically present at the protein level in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

PubMed Central

Rebhandl, Stefan; Huemer, Michael; Zaborsky, Nadja; Gassner, Franz Josef; Catakovic, Kemal; Felder, Thomas Klaus; Greil, Richard; Geisberger, Roland

2014-01-01

Activation-induced deaminase (AID) is a DNA-mutating enzyme that mediates class-switch recombination as well as somatic hypermutation of antibody genes in B cells. Due to off-target activity, AID is implicated in lymphoma development by introducing genome-wide DNA damage and initiating chromosomal translocations such as c-myc/IgH. Several alternative splice transcripts of AID have been reported in activated B cells as well as malignant B cells such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). As most commercially available antibodies fail to recognize alternative splice variants, their abundance in vivo, and hence their biological significance, has not been determined. In this study, we assessed the protein levels of AID splice isoforms by introducing an AID splice reporter construct into cell lines and primary CLL cells from patients as well as from WT and TCL1tg C57BL/6 mice (where TCL1 is T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 1). The splice construct is 5′-fused to a GFP-tag, which is preserved in all splice isoforms and allows detection of translated protein. Summarizing, we show a thorough quantification of alternatively spliced AID transcripts and demonstrate that the corresponding protein abundances, especially those of splice variants AID-ivs3 and AID-ΔE4, are not stoichiometrically equivalent. Our data suggest that enhanced proteasomal degradation of low-abundance proteins might be causative for this discrepancy. PMID:24668151

A Metadata Action Language

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Golden, Keith; Clancy, Dan (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

The data management problem comprises data processing and data tracking. Data processing is the creation of new data based on existing data sources. Data tracking consists of storing metadata descriptions of available data. This paper addresses the data management problem by casting it as an AI planning problem. Actions are data-processing commands, plans are dataflow programs and goals are metadata descriptions of desired data products. Data manipulation is simply plan generation and execution, and a key component of data tracking is inferring the effects of an observed plan. We introduce a new action language for data management domains, called ADILM. We discuss the connection between data processing and information integration and show how a language for the latter must be modified to support the former. The paper also discusses information gathering within a data-processing framework, and show how ADILM metadata expressions are a generalization of Local Completeness.

Types of verbal interaction with instructable robots

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crangle, C.; Suppes, P.; Michalowski, S.

1987-01-01

An instructable robot is one that accepts instruction in some natural language such as English and uses that instruction to extend its basic repertoire of actions. Such robots are quite different in conception from autonomously intelligent robots, which provide the impetus for much of the research on inference and planning in artificial intelligence. Examined here are the significant problem areas in the design of robots that learn from vebal instruction. Examples are drawn primarily from our earlier work on instructable robots and recent work on the Robotic Aid for the physically disabled. Natural-language understanding by machines is discussed as well as in the possibilities and limits of verbal instruction. The core problem of verbal instruction, namely, how to achieve specific concrete action in the robot in response to commands that express general intentions, is considered, as are two major challenges to instructability: achieving appropriate real-time behavior in the robot, and extending the robot's language capabilities.

Documentation for a Structural Optimization Procedure Developed Using the Engineering Analysis Language (EAL)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, Carl J., Jr.

1996-01-01

This report describes a structural optimization procedure developed for use with the Engineering Analysis Language (EAL) finite element analysis system. The procedure is written primarily in the EAL command language. Three external processors which are written in FORTRAN generate equivalent stiffnesses and evaluate stress and local buckling constraints for the sections. Several built-up structural sections were coded into the design procedures. These structural sections were selected for use in aircraft design, but are suitable for other applications. Sensitivity calculations use the semi-analytic method, and an extensive effort has been made to increase the execution speed and reduce the storage requirements. There is also an approximate sensitivity update method included which can significantly reduce computational time. The optimization is performed by an implementation of the MINOS V5.4 linear programming routine in a sequential liner programming procedure.

The development and validation of command schedules for SeaWiFS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Woodward, Robert H.; Gregg, Watson W.; Patt, Frederick S.

1994-11-01

An automated method for developing and assessing spacecraft and instrument command schedules is presented for the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) project. SeaWiFS is to be carried on the polar-orbiting SeaStar satellite in 1995. The primary goal of the SeaWiFS mission is to provide global ocean chlorophyll concentrations every four days by employing onboard recorders and a twice-a-day data downlink schedule. Global Area Coverage (GAC) data with about 4.5 km resolution will be used to produce the global coverage. Higher resolution (1.1 km resolution) Local Area Coverage (LAC) data will also be recorded to calibrate the sensor. In addition, LAC will be continuously transmitted from the satellite and received by High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT) stations. The methods used to generate commands for SeaWiFS employ numerous hierarchical checks as a means of maximizing coverage of the Earth's surface and fulfilling the LAC data requirements. The software code is modularized and written in Fortran with constructs to mirror the pre-defined mission rules. The overall method is specifically developed for low orbit Earth-observing satellites with finite onboard recording capabilities and regularly scheduled data downlinks. Two software packages using the Interactive Data Language (IDL) for graphically displaying and verifying the resultant command decisions are presented. Displays can be generated which show portions of the Earth viewed by the sensor and spacecraft sub-orbital locations during onboard calibration activities. An IDL-based interactive method of selecting and testing LAC targets and calibration activities for command generation is also discussed.

The Double R Theory of Language Comprehension

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-02-01

AFRL-HE-AZ-TR- 2003 - 0110 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. AIR FORCE MATERIEL COMMAND AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY Human...REPORT TYPE Final 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) March 2003 to February 2004 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER F41624-97-D-5000 5b. GRANT NUMBER 4. TITLE...Laboratory Human Effectiveness Directorate Warfighter Training Research Division 6030 South Kent Street Mesa AZ 85212-6061 AFRL-HE-AZ-TR- 2003

Regionally Aligned Divisions: Enabling Cultural and Linguistic Competency in Regionally Aligned Forces

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-26

currently valid OMB control number PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ORGANIZATION . 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 12. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED...Se. TASK NUMBER Sf. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION School of Advanced Military...Qaeda in the Maghreb COCOM Combatant Command CULP Cultural Understanding and Language Proficienc DOTMLPF Doctrine, Organization , Training, Materiel

Enhancing Research in Networking & System Security, and Forensics, in Puerto Rico

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-03

Researcher and her research revolves around using Cognitive Systems, which are machines that can think, listen and see in order to help the disabled ...Subsequence. The implementation is been conducted using R- Language because of its statistical and analysis abilities. Because it works using a command line...Technology. 14-AUG-13, . : , Eduardo Melendez. FROM RANDOM EMBEDDING TECHNIQUES TO ENTROPY USING IMAGEPOINT ADJACENT SHADE VALUES, 12th Annual

Investigation of the ADA Language Implementation of the Hellenic Command Control and Information System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-06-01

libary packages which support machine dependent physical interfaces, interrupt structures or special devices. Thus, programs and libraries written in...obtains real-time data, makes and imple- ments decisions and receives and originates digital messages. The major equipment items which are appropriate...maintenance. g. Provide digital communications access processing. Each microcomputer can be programmed to perform a specific set of functions using prepared

The C3-System User. Volume 1. A Review of Research on Human Performance as It Relates to the Design and Operation of Command, Control and Communication Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-02-01

Complex Displays.............................. 121 *The Nature of the Internal Representation................ 122 Spatial Memory...Purpose Function Keyboards....................... 290 Natural Language.......................................... 291 - .Human Speech...course, the information with which any given individual has to cope is likely to be of more than one type. In general, the nature of the information that

Using SPSS syntax: a beginner's guide Jacqueline Collier Using SPSS syntax: a beginner's guide Sage Pages: 216 £24.99 9781412922180 1412922186 [Formula: see text].

PubMed

2011-01-21

As someone who is comfortable with analysing data in SAS using coding language, it is perplexing that I run from the use of syntax in SPSS. But, my apprehension has subsided with the Collier's guide. Syntax command can automate processes, increase reproducibility and give the user broader access to features otherwise unavailable in SPSS.

USSR Report, Military Affairs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-01-16

they never alienate or hurt a subordinate by speaking rudely to him. They always know why a certain soldier or sailor has suddenly relaxed his...possible. During duty hours they address subordinates not by rank and last name, but by first name, resort to the use of " spicy " language, are not adverse...inadmissability of going to the other extreme, in which certain subunit commanders behave like unapproachable chiefs and barri- cade themselves from

Iran’s Strategy of Influence in the Middle East

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

popular support. Without acting as a state aggressor , Iran has managed to calculate the necessary buffer between both hostile and complaisant...exemplify Hezbollah’s necessity. As aforementioned, the use of proxies also creates a distorted perception of the chain of command. During...represent interpretive schemata that offer a language and cognitive tools for making sense of experiences and events in the ‘world out there.’”66

A Requirements Analysis Model for Selection of Personal Computer (PC) software in Air Force Organizations

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-09-01

Institute of Technology Air University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Systems Management Dexter R... management system software Diag/Prob Diagnosis and problem solving or problem finding GR Graphics software Int/Transp Interoperability and...language software Plan/D.S. Planning and decision support or decision making PM Program management software SC Systems for Command, Control, Communications