Colorado | Midmarket Solar Policies in the United States | Solar Research |

Science.gov Websites

-generators. Systems >10 kW must use a second meter to measure the output. Commercial customers can measures, including solar PV. Colorado Commercial Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) Local authorities Colorado: Commercial Rebates for My Business Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency for Schools Loan

Utah | Midmarket Solar Policies in the United States | Solar Research |

Science.gov Websites

Credit: Net excess generation is credited at the retail rate for residential and small commercial customers; large commercial and industrial customers with demand charge may choose between valuing net cost) for residential taxpayers; $50,000 (or 10% of system cost) for commercial taxpayers. Renewable

Hawaii | Midmarket Solar Policies in the United States | Solar Research |

Science.gov Websites

net excess generation compensation. Hawaii provides commercial system owners with a 35% tax credit. It of Taxation Commercial system owners are eligible for a tax credit worth 35% of the system's value . The Hawaii tax credit is capped at $500,000 for commercial properties. Solar system owners are also

Public Education: Commercial Activities in Schools. United States General Accounting Office Report to Congressional Requesters.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shaul, Marnie S.

Commercial activities in U.S. public elementary and secondary schools have been growing in visibility throughout the last decade, a period characterized by tightened school budgets. As visibility has increased, so have concerns about commercial activities that generate cash, equipment, or other types of assistance and their potential effects on…

77 FR 72294 - Reconsideration of Certain New Source and Startup/Shutdown Issues: National Emission Standards...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-05

... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants From Coal- and Oil-Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating...-Institutional, and Small Industrial-Commercial- Institutional Steam Generating Units Correction Proposed rule...

Commercial grade item (CGI) dedication of generators for nuclear safety related applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Das, R.K.; Hajos, L.G.

1993-03-01

The number of nuclear safety related equipment suppliers and the availability of spare and replacement parts designed specifically for nuclear safety related application are shrinking rapidly. These have made it necessary for utilities to apply commercial grade spare and replacement parts in nuclear safety related applications after implementing proper acceptance and dedication process to verify that such items conform with the requirements of their use in nuclear safety related application. The general guidelines for the commercial grade item (CGI) acceptance and dedication are provided in US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Generic Letters and Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Report NP-5652,more » Guideline for the Utilization of Commercial Grade Items in Nuclear Safety Related Applications. This paper presents an application of these generic guidelines for procurement, acceptance, and dedication of a commercial grade generator for use as a standby generator at Salem Generating Station Units 1 and 2. The paper identifies the critical characteristics of the generator which once verified, will provide reasonable assurance that the generator will perform its intended safety function. The paper also delineates the method of verification of the critical characteristics through tests and provide acceptance criteria for the test results. The methodology presented in this paper may be used as specific guidelines for reliable and cost effective procurement and dedication of commercial grade generators for use as standby generators at nuclear power plants.« less

76 FR 3517 - Standards of Performance for Fossil-Fuel-Fired, Electric Utility, Industrial-Commercial...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-20

... Standards of Performance for Fossil-Fuel-Fired, Electric Utility, Industrial-Commercial-Institutional, and... following: Category NAICS \\1\\ Examples of regulated entities Industry 221112 Fossil fuel-fired electric utility steam generating units. Federal Government 22112 Fossil fuel-fired electric utility steam...

Use of mock-up training to reduce personnel exposure at the North Anna Unit 1 Steam Generator Replacement Project

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Henry, H.G.; Reilly, B.P.

1995-03-01

The North Anna Power Station is located on the southern shore of Lake Anna in Louisa County, approximately forty miles northwest of Richmond, Virginia. The two 910 Mw nuclear units located on this site are owned by Virginia Electric and Power Company (Virginia Power) and Old Dominion Electric Cooperative and operated by Virginia Power. Fuel was loaded into Unit 1 in December 1977, and it began commercial operation in June 1978. Fuel was loaded into Unit 2 in April 1980 and began commercial operation in December 1980. Each nuclear unit includes a three-coolant-loop pressurized light water reactor nuclear steam supplymore » system that was furnished by Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Included within each system were three Westinghouse Model 51 steam generators with alloy 600, mill-annealed tubing material. Over the years of operation of Unit 1, various corrosion-related phenomena had occurred that affected the steam generators tubing and degraded their ability to fulfill their heat transfer function. Advanced inspection and repair techniques helped extend the useful life of the steam generators, but projections based on the results of the inspections indicated that the existing steam generators tubing and degraded their ability to fullfill their heat transfer function. Advanced inspection and repair techniques helped extend the useful life of the steam generators, but projections based on the results of the inspections indicated that the existing steam generators would not last their design life and must be repaired. To this end Virginia Power determined that a steam generator replacement (SGR) program was necessary to remove the old steam generator tube bundles and lower shell sections, including the channel heads (collectively called the lower assemblies), and replace them with new lower assemblies incorporating design features that will prevent the degradation problems that the old steam generators had experienced.« less

The commercial feasibility of underground coal gasification in southern Thailand

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Solc, J.; Young, B.C.; Harju, J.A.

Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is a clean coal technology with the commercial potential to provide low- or medium-Btu gas for the generation of electric power. While the abundance of economic coal and natural gas reserves in the United States of America (USA) has delayed the commercial development of this technology in the USA, potential for commercial development of UCG-fueled electric power generation currently exists in many other nations. Thailand has been experiencing sustained economic growth throughout the past decade. The use of UCG to provide electric power to meet the growing power demand appears to have commercial potential. A projectmore » to determine the commercial feasibility of UCG-fueled electric power generation at a site in southern Thailand is in progress. The objective of the project is to determine the commercial feasibility of using UCG for power generation in the Krabi coal mining area located approximately 1,000 kilometers south of Bangkok, Thailand. The project team has developed a detailed methodology to determine the technical feasibility, environmental acceptability, and commercial economic potential of UCG at a selected site. In the methodology, hydrogeologic conditions of the coal seam and surrounding strata are determined first. These results and information describing the local economic conditions are then used to assess the commercial potential of the UCG application. The methodology for evaluating the Krabi UCG site and current project status are discussed in this paper.« less

Smith-Putnam wind turbine experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, B. E.

1973-01-01

A brief outline of the many problems encountered during testing of a wind turbine generator prototype unit is given. Its feasibility was demonstrated by the generation of electricity in commercial quantities with delivery to a utility transmission network. The experiment was terminated after blade failure occurred.

Commercial and Corporate Activities of New University Business Schools: A Critical Review

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Prince, Christopher; Beaver, Graham

2004-01-01

Commercial and corporate activities and the income they generate are of increasing importance to all UK higher education institutions. For new or modern university business schools in particular, the falling unit of resource attaching to undergraduate student teaching income and the virtual disappearance of research revenues as a result of the…

On solar thermal electric power capacity sizing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clark, J. S.

1984-03-01

The commercialization of parabolic dish/generator modules are investigated. Design analysis indicates that a 10 sq m/ three kilowatt generator configuration is simple and easy to maintain, manufacturing is easily adaptable, the demand is already established, the unit is cost effective and the hardware is readily available.

Characterizing Urban Household Waste Generation and Metabolism Considering Community Stratification in a Rapid Urbanizing Area of China.

PubMed

Xiao, Lishan; Lin, Tao; Chen, Shaohua; Zhang, Guoqin; Ye, Zhilong; Yu, Zhaowu

2015-01-01

The relationship between social stratification and municipal solid waste generation remains uncertain under current rapid urbanization. Based on a multi-object spatial sampling technique, we selected 191 households in a rapidly urbanizing area of Xiamen, China. The selected communities were classified into three types: work-unit, transitional, and commercial communities in the context of housing policy reform in China. Field survey data were used to characterize household waste generation patterns considering community stratification. Our results revealed a disparity in waste generation profiles among different households. The three community types differed with respect to family income, living area, religious affiliation, and homeowner occupation. Income, family structure, and lifestyle caused significant differences in waste generation among work-unit, transitional, and commercial communities, respectively. Urban waste generation patterns are expected to evolve due to accelerating urbanization and associated community transition. A multi-scale integrated analysis of societal and ecosystem metabolism approach was applied to waste metabolism linking it to particular socioeconomic conditions that influence material flows and their evolution. Waste metabolism, both pace and density, was highest for family structure driven patterns, followed by lifestyle and income driven. The results will guide community-specific management policies in rapidly urbanizing areas.

76 FR 23768 - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants From Coal- and Oil-Fired Electric...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-28

...-Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units and Standards of Performance for Fossil-Fuel-Fired... Units and Standards of Performance for Fossil-Fuel-Fired Electric Utility, Industrial-Commercial... copy form. The hearing schedules, including lists of speakers, will be posted on EPA's Web Sites http...

Data feature: 1996 world nuclear electricity production

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1997-12-01

Detailed data on electricity supplied by nuclear power reactors in 1996 are provided. Figures from the International Atomic Energy Agency indicate that a total of 32 countries worldwide were operating 441 nuclear power plants with an installed capacity of 350,411 GWe, and that 36 commercial nuclear power plant units in 14 different countries with an aggregate installed capacity of 27,928 GWe were under construction. Worldwide nuclear generated electricity increased by 3.6% from 1995 to 1996, providing 17.3% of the world`s electricity production. Data for individual countries and regional totals, including generation and consumption data by source, are provided for Westernmore » Europe, Eastern Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Far East, Canada, and the United States. Other information provided includes 1996 commercial startups, decommissioning, reactor load factors, imports and exports, and gross electricity production.« less

Correlations between the amounts of free asparagine and saccharides present in commercial cereal flours in the United Kingdom and the generation of acrylamide during cooking.

PubMed

Hamlet, Colin G; Sadd, Peter A; Liang, Li

2008-08-13

A range of commercially available cereals (mainly rye and wheat) used to manufacture U.K. bakery products were obtained, and the levels of free amino acids and sugars were measured. Selected samples were cooked as flours and doughs to generate acrylamide and the data compared with those obtained from a model system using dough samples that had been additionally fortified with asparagine (Asn) and sugars (glucose, fructose, maltose, and sucrose). In cooked flours and doughs, Asn was the key determinant of acrylamide generation. A significant finding for biscuit and rye flours was that levels of Asn were correlated with fructose and glucose. The results suggest that for these commercial cereals, selection based on low fructose and glucose contents, and hence low asparagine, could be beneficial in reducing acrylamide in products (e.g., crackers and crispbreads) that have no added sugars.

National profile on commercially generated low-level radioactive mixed waste

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Klein, J.A.; Mrochek, J.E.; Jolley, R.L.

1992-12-01

This report details the findings and conclusions drawn from a survey undertaken as part of a joint US Nuclear Regulatory Commission and US Environmental Protection Agency-sponsored project entitled ``National Profile on Commercially Generated Low-Level Radioactive Mixed Waste.`` The overall objective of the work was to compile a national profile on the volumes, characteristics, and treatability of commercially generated low-level mixed waste for 1990 by five major facility categories-academic, industrial, medical, and NRC-/Agreement State-licensed goverment facilities and nuclear utilities. Included in this report are descriptions of the methodology used to collect and collate the data, the procedures used to estimate themore » mixed waste generation rate for commercial facilities in the United States in 1990, and the identification of available treatment technologies to meet applicable EPA treatment standards (40 CFR Part 268) and, if possible, to render the hazardous component of specific mixed waste streams nonhazardous. The report also contains information on existing and potential commercial waste treatment facilities that may provide treatment for specific waste streams identified in the national survey. The report does not include any aspect of the Department of Energy`s (DOES) management of mixed waste and generally does not address wastes from remedial action activities.« less

Energy and resource consumption

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

The present and projected energy requirements for the United States are discussed. The energy consumption and demand sectors are divided into the categories: residential and commercial, transportation, and industrial and electrical generation (utilities). All sectors except electrical generation use varying amounts of fossile fuel resources for non-energy purposes. The highest percentage of non-energy use by sector is industrial with 71.3 percent. The household and commercial sector uses 28.4 percent, and transportation about 0.3 percent. Graphs are developed to project fossil fuel demands for non-energy purposes and the perdentage of the total fossil fuel used for non-energy needs.

Optimal load scheduling in commercial and residential microgrids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ganji Tanha, Mohammad Mahdi

Residential and commercial electricity customers use more than two third of the total energy consumed in the United States, representing a significant resource of demand response. Price-based demand response, which is in response to changes in electricity prices, represents the adjustments in load through optimal load scheduling (OLS). In this study, an efficient model for OLS is developed for residential and commercial microgrids which include aggregated loads in single-units and communal loads. Single unit loads which include fixed, adjustable and shiftable loads are controllable by the unit occupants. Communal loads which include pool pumps, elevators and central heating/cooling systems are shared among the units. In order to optimally schedule residential and commercial loads, a community-based optimal load scheduling (CBOLS) is proposed in this thesis. The CBOLS schedule considers hourly market prices, occupants' comfort level, and microgrid operation constraints. The CBOLS' objective in residential and commercial microgrids is the constrained minimization of the total cost of supplying the aggregator load, defined as the microgrid load minus the microgrid generation. This problem is represented by a large-scale mixed-integer optimization for supplying single-unit and communal loads. The Lagrangian relaxation methodology is used to relax the linking communal load constraint and decompose the independent single-unit functions into subproblems which can be solved in parallel. The optimal solution is acceptable if the aggregator load limit and the duality gap are within the bounds. If any of the proposed criteria is not satisfied, the Lagrangian multiplier will be updated and a new optimal load schedule will be regenerated until both constraints are satisfied. The proposed method is applied to several case studies and the results are presented for the Galvin Center load on the 16th floor of the IIT Tower in Chicago.

Characterizing Urban Household Waste Generation and Metabolism Considering Community Stratification in a Rapid Urbanizing Area of China

PubMed Central

Xiao, Lishan; Lin, Tao; Chen, Shaohua; Zhang, Guoqin; Ye, Zhilong; Yu, Zhaowu

2015-01-01

The relationship between social stratification and municipal solid waste generation remains uncertain under current rapid urbanization. Based on a multi-object spatial sampling technique, we selected 191 households in a rapidly urbanizing area of Xiamen, China. The selected communities were classified into three types: work-unit, transitional, and commercial communities in the context of housing policy reform in China. Field survey data were used to characterize household waste generation patterns considering community stratification. Our results revealed a disparity in waste generation profiles among different households. The three community types differed with respect to family income, living area, religious affiliation, and homeowner occupation. Income, family structure, and lifestyle caused significant differences in waste generation among work-unit, transitional, and commercial communities, respectively. Urban waste generation patterns are expected to evolve due to accelerating urbanization and associated community transition. A multi-scale integrated analysis of societal and ecosystem metabolism approach was applied to waste metabolism linking it to particular socioeconomic conditions that influence material flows and their evolution. Waste metabolism, both pace and density, was highest for family structure driven patterns, followed by lifestyle and income driven. The results will guide community-specific management policies in rapidly urbanizing areas. PMID:26690056

76 FR 38590 - Proposed National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants From Coal- and Oil-Fired...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-01

...- and Oil-Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units and Standards of Performance for Fossil-Fuel... Performance for Fossil-Fuel- Fired Electric Utility, Industrial-Commercial-Institutional, and Small Industrial...

Arc-Jet Thrustor Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Curran, F. M.; Hamley, J. A.; Gruber, R. P.; Sankovic, J. M.; Haag, T. W.; Marren, W. E.; Sarmiento, C. J.; Carney, L.

1993-01-01

Two flight-type 1.4-kW hydrazine arcjet systems developed and tested under Lewis program. Each consists of thrustor, gas generator, and power-processing unit. Performance significantly improved. Technology transferred to user community, and first commercial flight anticipated in 1993.

Development of Engine and Lubricant Interferant Substances

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-05-01

manufacturer’s recommended surfacvant to water ratio. As indicated earlier, aqueous foams have been deceloped printa~rily for firefighting . The two...Foainer .. 8.. . . ... ? 12 Ingestant Gas Compatibility with Aqueous Foam . . . . . . . 29 !I i2 DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINE AND LUBRICANT INTERFERANT...association with an aqueous foam . Commercially-available aqueous foam generating units are available from a number of different sources. Large single units

Determination of As, Se, and Hg in fuel samples by in-chamber chemical vapor generation ICP OES using a Flow Blurring® multinebulizer.

PubMed

García, Miriam; Aguirre, Miguel Ángel; Canals, Antonio

2017-09-01

In this work, a new and simple analytical methodology based on in-chamber chemical vapor generation has been developed for the spectrochemical analysis of commercial fuel samples. A multiple nebulizer with three nebulization units has been employed for this purpose: One unit was used for sample introduction, while the other two were used for the necessary reagent introduction. In this way, the aerosols were mixed inside the spray chamber. Through this method, analyte transport and, therefore, sensitivity are improved in inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The factors (i.e., variables), influencing chemical vapor generation, have been optimized using a multivariate approach. Under optimum chemical vapor generation conditions ([NaBH 4 ] = 1.39%, [HCl] = 2.97 M, total liquid flow = 936 μL min -1 ), the proposed sample introduction system allowed the determination of arsenic, selenium, and mercury up to 5 μg g -1 with a limit of detection of 25, 140, and 13 μg kg -1 , respectively. Analyzing spiked commercial fuel samples, recovery values obtained were between 96 and 113%, and expanded uncertainty values ranged from 4 to 16%. The most striking practical conclusion of this investigation is that no carbon deposit appears on the plasma torch after extended periods of working. Graphical abstract A new and simple analytical methodology based on in-chamber chemical vapor generation has been developed for the spectrochemical analysis of commercial fuel samples in ICP OES.

High collimated coherent illumination for reconstruction of digitally calculated holograms: design and experimental realization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morozov, Alexander; Dubinin, German; Dubynin, Sergey; Yanusik, Igor; Kim, Sun Il; Choi, Chil-Sung; Song, Hoon; Lee, Hong-Seok; Putilin, Andrey; Kopenkin, Sergey; Borodin, Yuriy

2017-06-01

Future commercialization of glasses-free holographic real 3D displays requires not only appropriate image quality but also slim design of backlight unit and whole display device to match market needs. While a lot of research aimed to solve computational issues of forming Computer Generated Holograms for 3D Holographic displays, less focus on development of backlight units suitable for 3D holographic display applications with form-factor of conventional 2D display systems. Thereby, we report coherent backlight unit for 3D holographic display with thickness comparable to commercially available 2D displays (cell phones, tablets, laptops, etc.). Coherent backlight unit forms uniform, high-collimated and effective illumination of spatial light modulator. Realization of such backlight unit is possible due to holographic optical elements, based on volume gratings, constructing coherent collimated beam to illuminate display plane. Design, recording and measurement of 5.5 inch coherent backlight unit based on two holographic optical elements are presented in this paper.

Evolution of the Medaka Extended One Generation Reproduction Test (MEOGRT)

EPA Science Inventory

In response to various legislative mandates, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) formed its Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP), which in turn, implemented a tiered testing strategy to determine the potential of pesticides, commercial chemicals, and...

Evaluation of a Combined Cyclone and Gas Filtration System for Particulate Removal in the Gasification Process

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rizzo, Jeffrey J.

2010-04-30

The Wabash gasification facility, owned and operated by sgSolutions LLC, is one of the largest single train solid fuel gasification facilities in the world capable of transforming 2,000 tons per day of petroleum coke or 2,600 tons per day of bituminous coal into synthetic gas for electrical power generation. The Wabash plant utilizes Phillips66 proprietary E-Gas (TM) Gasification Process to convert solid fuels such as petroleum coke or coal into synthetic gas that is fed to a combined cycle combustion turbine power generation facility. During plant startup in 1995, reliability issues were realized in the gas filtration portion of themore » gasification process. To address these issues, a slipstream test unit was constructed at the Wabash facility to test various filter designs, materials and process conditions for potential reliability improvement. The char filtration slipstream unit provided a way of testing new materials, maintenance procedures, and process changes without the risk of stopping commercial production in the facility. It also greatly reduced maintenance expenditures associated with full scale testing in the commercial plant. This char filtration slipstream unit was installed with assistance from the United States Department of Energy (built under DOE Contract No. DE-FC26-97FT34158) and began initial testing in November of 1997. It has proven to be extremely beneficial in the advancement of the E-Gas (TM) char removal technology by accurately predicting filter behavior and potential failure mechanisms that would occur in the commercial process. After completing four (4) years of testing various filter types and configurations on numerous gasification feed stocks, a decision was made to investigate the economic and reliability effects of using a particulate removal gas cyclone upstream of the current gas filtration unit. A paper study had indicated that there was a real potential to lower both installed capital and operating costs by implementing a char cyclonefiltration hybrid unit in the E-Gas (TM) gasification process. These reductions would help to keep the E-Gas (TM) technology competitive among other coal-fired power generation technologies. The Wabash combined cyclone and gas filtration slipstream test program was developed to provide design information, equipment specification and process control parameters of a hybrid cyclone and candle filter particulate removal system in the E-Gas (TM) gasification process that would provide the optimum performance and reliability for future commercial use. The test program objectives were as follows: 1. Evaluate the use of various cyclone materials of construction; 2. Establish the optimal cyclone efficiency that provides stable long term gas filter operation; 3. Determine the particle size distribution of the char separated by both the cyclone and candle filters. This will provide insight into cyclone efficiency and potential future plant design; 4. Determine the optimum filter media size requirements for the cyclone-filtration hybrid unit; 5. Determine the appropriate char transfer rates for both the cyclone and filtration portions of the hybrid unit; 6. Develop operating procedures for the cyclone-filtration hybrid unit; and, 7. Compare the installed capital cost of a scaled-up commercial cyclone-filtration hybrid unit to the current gas filtration design without a cyclone unit, such as currently exists at the Wabash facility.« less

Phosphoric acid fuel cell platinum use study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lundblad, H. L.

1983-01-01

The U.S. Department of Energy is promoting the private development of phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) power plants for terrestrial applications. Current PAFC technology utilizes platinum as catalysts in the power electrodes. The possible repercussions that the platinum demand of PAFC power plant commercialization will have on the worldwide supply and price of platinum from the outset of commercialization to the year 2000 are investigated. The platinum demand of PAFC commercialization is estimated by developing forecasts of platinum use per unit of generating capacity and penetration of PAFC power plants into the electric generation market. The ability of the platinum supply market to meet future demands is gauged by assessing the size of platinum reserves and the capability of platinum producers to extract, refine and market sufficient quantities of these reserves. The size and timing of platinum price shifts induced by the added demand of PAFC commercialization are investigated by several analytical methods. Estimates of these price shifts are then used to calculate the subsequent effects on PAFC power plant capital costs.

Phosphoric acid fuel cell platinum use study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lundblad, H. L.

1983-05-01

The U.S. Department of Energy is promoting the private development of phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) power plants for terrestrial applications. Current PAFC technology utilizes platinum as catalysts in the power electrodes. The possible repercussions that the platinum demand of PAFC power plant commercialization will have on the worldwide supply and price of platinum from the outset of commercialization to the year 2000 are investigated. The platinum demand of PAFC commercialization is estimated by developing forecasts of platinum use per unit of generating capacity and penetration of PAFC power plants into the electric generation market. The ability of the platinum supply market to meet future demands is gauged by assessing the size of platinum reserves and the capability of platinum producers to extract, refine and market sufficient quantities of these reserves. The size and timing of platinum price shifts induced by the added demand of PAFC commercialization are investigated by several analytical methods. Estimates of these price shifts are then used to calculate the subsequent effects on PAFC power plant capital costs.

FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION: THE STATE OF THE ART

EPA Science Inventory

The paper gives results of a review of commercially available flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technologies that have an established record of full-scale performance. (NOTE: Sulfur dioxide (SO2) scrubbers may be used by coal-fired electrcity generating units to meet the requiremen...

Umbilical cord blood banking: from personal donation to international public registries to global bioeconomy

PubMed Central

Petrini, Carlo

2014-01-01

The procedures for collecting voluntarily and freely donated umbilical cord blood (UCB) units and processing them for use in transplants are extremely costly, and the capital flows thus generated form part of an increasingly pervasive global bioeconomy. To place the issue in perspective, this article first examines the different types of UCB biobank, the organization of international registries of public UCB biobanks, the optimal size of national inventories, and the possibility of obtaining commercial products from donated units. The fees generally applied for the acquisition of UCB units for transplantation are then discussed, and some considerations are proposed regarding the social and ethical implications raised by the international network for the importation and exportation of UCB, with a particular emphasis on the globalized bioeconomy of UCB and its commerciality or lack thereof. PMID:24971040

Development of Portable Flow-Through Electrochemical Sanitizing Unit to Generate Near Neutral Electrolyzed Water.

PubMed

Zhang, Jufang; Yang, Hongshun; Chan, Joel Zhi Yang

2018-03-01

We developed a portable flow-through, electrochemical sanitizing unit to produce near neutral pH electrolyzed water (producing NEW). Two methods of redirecting cathode yields back to the anode chamber and redirecting anode yields the cathode chamber were used. The NEW yields were evaluated, including: free available chlorine (FAC), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and pH. The performances of 2 electrodes (RuO 2 -IrO 2 /TiO 2 and IrO 2 -Ta 2 O 5 /TiO 2 ) were investigated. The unit produced NEW at pH 6.46 to 7.17, an ORP of 805.5 to 895.8 mV, and FAC of 3.7 to 82.0 mg/L. The NEW produced by redirecting cathode yields had stronger bactericidal effects than the NEW produced by redirecting anode yields or NEW produced by mixing the commercial unit's anode and cathode product (P < 0.05). Electron spin resonance results showed hydroxyl free radicals and superoxide anion free radicals were present in the NEW produced by developed unit. The NEW generator is a promising sanitizing unit for consumers and the food industry to control foodborne pathogens. Current commercial NEW-producing units are quite large and are not convenient for family using. The developed portable flow-through, NEW-producing unit has great potential in a wide range of applications, such as organic farm, households, and small food industries. The examined sanitizing treatments showed effective control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. © 2018 Institute of Food Technologists®.

Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS). Phase 1: Industrial/academic experimenters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maisel, James E.; Nowlin, Robert W.

1992-01-01

This report presents the work done at Arizona State University under the ACTS Experimenters Program. The main thrust of the Program was to develop experiments to test, evaluate, and prove the commercial worthiness of the ACTS satellite which is scheduled for launch in 1993. To accomplish this goal, meetings were held with various governmental, industrial, and academic units to discuss the ACTS satellite and its technology and possible experiments that would generate industrial interest and support for ASU's efforts. Several local industries generated several experiments of their own. The investigators submitted several experiments of educational, medical, commercial, and technical value and interest. The disposition of these experimental proposals is discussed in this report.

Work-related mortality in the US fishing industry during 2000-2014: New findings based on improved workforce exposure estimates.

PubMed

Lucas, Devin L; Case, Samantha L

2018-01-01

Commercial fishing is a global industry that has been frequently classified as high-risk. The use of detailed surveillance data is critical in identifying hazards. The purpose of this study was to provide updated statistics for the entire US fishing industry during 2010-2014, generate fleet-specific fatality rates using a revised calculation of full-time equivalent estimates, and examine changes in the patterns of fatalities and in risk over a 15-year period (2000-2014). During 2010-2014, 188 commercial fishing fatalities occurred in the United States. Vessel disasters and falls overboard remain leading contributors to commercial fishing deaths. The Atlantic scallop fleet stands out for achieving substantial declines in the risk of fatalities over the 15-year study period. However, fatality rates ranged from 21 to 147 deaths per 100 000 FTEs, many times higher than the rate for all US workers. Although the number of fatalities among commercial fishermen in the United States has generally declined since 2000, commercial fishing continues to have one of the highest occupational fatality rates in the United States. The sustainable seafood movement could assist in improving the health and safety of fishing industry workers if worker well-being was integrated into the definition of sustainable seafood. © Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

SO2 SCRUBBING TECHNOLOGIES: A REVIEW

EPA Science Inventory

Electricity generating units may use sulfur dioxide (SO2) scrubbers to meet the requirements of Phase II of the Acid Rain S02 Reduction Program. Additionally, the use of scrubbers can result in reduction of mercury emissions. It is timely, therefore, to review the commercially av...

Admiralty Inlet Pilot Tidal Project Final Technical Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Collar, Craig

This document represents the final report for the Admiralty Inlet Pilot Tidal Project, located in Puget Sound, Washington, United States. The Project purpose was to license, permit, and install a grid-connected deep-water tidal turbine array (two turbines) to be used as a platform to gather operational and environmental data on tidal energy generation. The data could then be used to better inform the viability of commercial tidal energy generation from technical, economic, social, and environmental standpoints. This data would serve as a critical step towards the responsible advancement of commercial scale tidal energy in the United States and around themore » world. In late 2014, Project activities were discontinued due to escalating costs, and the DOE award was terminated in early 2015. Permitting, licensing, and engineering design activities were completed under this award. Final design, deployment, operation, and monitoring were not completed. This report discusses the results and accomplishments achieved under the subject award.« less

Small solar thermal electric power plants with early commercial potential

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, H. E.; Bisantz, D. J.; Clayton, R. N.; Heiges, H. H.; Ku, A. C.

1979-01-01

Cost-effective small solar thermal electric power plants (1- to 10-MW nominal size) offer an attractive way of helping the world meet its future energy needs. The paper describes the characteristics of a conceptual near-term plant (about 1 MW) and a potential 1990 commercial version. The basic system concept is one in which steam is generated using two-axis tracking, parabolic dish, and point-focusing collectors. The steam is transported through low-loss piping to a central steam turbine generator unit where it is converted to electricity. The plants have no energy storage and their output power level varies with the solar insolation level. This system concept, which is firmly based on state-of-the-art technology, is projected to offer one of the fastest paths for U.S. commercialization of solar thermal electric power plants through moderate technology advances and mass production.

Report of the United States Air Force Morale, Welfare and Recreation Task Force. Impact Analysis of Institutional Factors Impacting MWR Activities. Annex A. Appendix 8

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-07-01

sports arenas, you would see items such as scoreboard, refreshment stands, and small amenities bearing the logo of a commercial concern (Coke, Pepsi , STP...deprive revenue sources readily accessible to their private sector competitors. By reaching a wider audience and accepting commercial advertisements...low fees for student/general population audiences as a service, as well as higher fees for revenue generating activities. Such a study could include

Renewable Electricity Futures for the United States

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mai, Trieu; Hand, Maureen; Baldwin, Sam F.

2014-04-14

This paper highlights the key results from the Renewable Electricity (RE) Futures Study. It is a detailed consideration of renewable electricity in the United States. The paper focuses on technical issues related to the operability of the U. S. electricity grid and provides initial answers to important questions about the integration of high penetrations of renewable electricity technologies from a national perspective. The results indicate that the future U. S. electricity system that is largely powered by renewable sources is possible and the further work is warranted to investigate this clean generation pathway. The central conclusion of the analysis ismore » that renewable electricity generation from technologies that are commercially available today, in combination with a more flexible electric system, is more than adequate to supply 80% of the total U. S. electricity generation in 2050 while meeting electricity demand on an hourly basis in every region of the United States.« less

Launch system development in the Pacific Rim

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stone, Barbara A.; Page, John R.

1993-01-01

Several Western Pacific Rim nations are beginning to challenge the domination of the United States, Europe, and the former Soviet Union in the international market for commercial launch sevices. This paper examines the current development of launch systems in China, Japan, and Australia. China began commercial launch services with their Long March-3 in April 1990, and is making enhancements to vehicles in this family. Japan is developing the H-2 rocket which will be marketed on a commercial basis. In Australia, British Aerospace Ltd. is leading a team conducting a project definition study for an Australian Launch Vehicle, aimed at launching the new generation of satellites into low Earth orbit.

Commercialization of biomass projects: A case study of the design, development, and application of a biomass gasifier to a large retrofit market

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Woerner, W.L.

1994-12-31

The steam production potential of older biomass-fired boilers currently in operation may be significantly increased through the application of a commercially available gasifier. A large percentage of boiler systems in lumber mills and similar applications were initially designed to generate steam through convection heat transfer, and have been horse power rated at approximately 7 to 10 square feet of heating surface to the horse power. This paper deals with the before and after performance characteristics of the first gasifier retrofit installation based on an AED designed unit currently commercially available.

RNAi mediated, stable resistance to Triticum mosaic virus in wheat

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), discovered in 2006, affects wheat production systems in the Great Plains of the United States. There are no available TriMV resistant commercial varieties. RNA interference (RNAi) was evaluated as an alternative strategy to generate resistance to TriMV. An RNAi pANDA...

40 CFR 60.43b - Standard for particulate matter (PM).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Standard for particulate matter (PM). 60.43b Section 60.43b Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... Industrial-Commercial-Institutional Steam Generating Units § 60.43b Standard for particulate matter (PM). (a...

40 CFR 60.43c - Standard for particulate matter (PM).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Standard for particulate matter (PM). 60.43c Section 60.43c Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... Industrial-Commercial-Institutional Steam Generating Units § 60.43c Standard for particulate matter (PM). (a...

10 CFR 434.513 - Occupancy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Occupancy. 434.513 Section 434.513 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CODE FOR NEW FEDERAL COMMERCIAL AND MULTI-FAMILY HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL... 100 Health/Institutional 200 Multi-family High-rise Residential 2 per unit . 1 1 Heat generation: Btu...

Alternative strategies for space station financing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Walklet, D. C.; Heenan, A. T.

1983-01-01

The attributes of the proposed space station program are oriented toward research activities and technologies which generate long term benefits for mankind. Unless such technologies are deemed of national interest and thus are government funded, they must stand on their own in the market place. Therefore, the objectives of a United States space station should be based on commercial criteria; otherwise, such a project attracts no long term funding. There is encouraging evidence that some potential space station activities should generate revenues from shuttle related projects within the decade. Materials processing concepts as well as remote sensing indicate substantial potential. Futhermore, the economics and thus the commercial feasibility of such projects will be improved by the operating efficiencies available with an ongoing space station program.

Commercial space policy - Theory and practice

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Freibaum, Jerry

1986-01-01

NASA policy toward commercial space ventures is summarized and illustrated with a proposed system for mobile communications through satellite links (MSAT). The government's, i.e., NASA's, role in commercial space ventures is to provide funding and expertise to high risk projects with prospective large returns, provided no vital public services are displaced. MSAT would be realized with a relay spacecraft in GEO, linking mobile radios costing in the range $500-2500. The experimental ATS-6 satellite would be the first generation relay. It is estimated that by the 1990s a spacecraft with a 20-55 m antenna could provide transmission relays for between 640,000 to about 2.5 million nonurban communications units.

Electrical Power Generated from Tidal Currents and Delivered to USCG Station Eastport, ME

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-21

35 Theory of Operation The ORPC Pre-Commercial Beta Turbine Generator Unit (“Beta TGU”) uses a hydrokinetic cross flow turbine based on Darrieus ...development in the wind turbine industry. The power coefficient (a measure of energy extraction effectiveness) is defined as follows: 31 2 turbine ...stream area of the device. Axial flow wind turbines have demonstrated power coefficients to an estimated 48% which approaches the theoretical “Betz

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tonnemacher, G.C.; Killen, D.C.; Weinstein, R.E.

This paper reports on the results of an US Department of Energy (DOE) conceptual design evaluation. This is for an early commercial repowering application of advanced circulating pressurized fluidized bed combustion combined cycle technology (APFBC). Here, APFBC would repower an existing generation station, the Carolina Power and Light Company's (CP and L) L.V. Sutton steam station. Repowering concepts are presented for APFBC repowering of Unit 2 (226 MWe) and both Units 1 and 2 in combination (340 MWe total). This evaluation found that it is more economical to repower the existing coal-fired generation unit with APFBC than to build newmore » pulverized coal capacity of equivalent output. The paper provides a review of the DOE study and summarizes the design and costs associated with the APFBC concept. A DOE-sponsored Clean Coal Technology (CCT) demonstration program will pioneer the first commercial APFBC demonstration in year 2001. That 170 MWe APFBC CCT demonstration will use all new equipment, and become the City of Lakeland's C.D. McIntosh, JR. steam plant Unit 4. This all-coal technology is under development by DOE and equipment manufacturers. This paper's concept evaluation is for a larger implementation than the Lakeland McIntosh CCT project. The repowering of L.V. Sutton Unit 2 is projected to boost the energy efficiency of the existing unit from its present 32.0% HHV level to an APFBC-repowered energy efficiency of 42.2% HHV (44.1% LHV). A large frame Westinghouse W501F combustion turbine is modified for APFBC use. This produces a 225+ MWe class APFBC. At this size, APFBC has a wide application for repowering many existing units in America. The paper focuses on the design issues, shows how the APFBC power block integrates with the existing site, and gives a brief summary of the resulting system performance and costs.« less

Summary of the development the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Medaka Extended One Generation Reproduction Test (MEOGRT) using data from 9 multigenerational medaka tests

EPA Science Inventory

In response to various legislative mandates the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) formed its Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP), which in turn, implemented a tiered testing strategy to determine the potential of pesticides, commercial chemicals, and ...

78 FR 38001 - Reconsideration of Certain Startup/Shutdown Issues: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-25

... Standards of Performance for Fossil-Fuel-Fired Electric Utility, Industrial- Commercial-Institutional, and... Utility Steam Generating Units and Standards of Performance for Fossil-Fuel-Fired Electric Utility.... Electronic files should avoid the use of special characters, any form of encryption, and be free of any...

Next generation sequencing of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum 'Premier') and transcriptome comparisons to highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum) genomic resources

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Vaccinium virgatum (syn V. ashei) is commonly known as rabbiteye blueberry and native to the Southeastern United States. Cultivars are typically grown from North Carolina south to Florida and west to Texas for commercial blueberry production. In the Southeast, plants exhibit superior environmental ...

40 CFR 98.30 - Definition of the source category.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... useful heat or energy for industrial, commercial, or institutional use, or reducing the volume of waste... generators and emergency equipment, as defined in § 98.6. (3) Irrigation pumps at agricultural operations. (4... unit that combusts hazardous waste (as defined in § 261.3 of this chapter), reporting of GHG emissions...

40 CFR 98.30 - Definition of the source category.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... useful heat or energy for industrial, commercial, or institutional use, or reducing the volume of waste... generators and emergency equipment, as defined in § 98.6. (3) Irrigation pumps at agricultural operations. (4... unit that combusts hazardous waste (as defined in § 261.3 of this chapter), reporting of GHG emissions...

Chemical and Nutritional Characteristics of long nose skate (Raja rhina) byproducts from Alaska

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Skates have recently become a small commercial fishery in Alaska and along the western United States coast, but have long been associated with bycatch. The fins are marketed as "skate wings" and mainly sold fresh, frozen, and dried or salted and dehydrated for Asian markets. Byproducts generated inc...

40 CFR 60.42c - Standard for sulfur dioxide (SO2).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Standard for sulfur dioxide (SO2). 60...-Commercial-Institutional Steam Generating Units § 60.42c Standard for sulfur dioxide (SO2). (a) Except as... percent sulfur. The percent reduction requirements are not applicable to affected facilities under this...

40 CFR 60.42c - Standard for sulfur dioxide (SO2).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Standard for sulfur dioxide (SO2). 60...-Commercial-Institutional Steam Generating Units § 60.42c Standard for sulfur dioxide (SO2). (a) Except as... percent sulfur. The percent reduction requirements are not applicable to affected facilities under this...

40 CFR 60.42c - Standard for sulfur dioxide (SO2).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Standard for sulfur dioxide (SO2). 60...-Commercial-Institutional Steam Generating Units § 60.42c Standard for sulfur dioxide (SO2). (a) Except as... percent sulfur. The percent reduction requirements are not applicable to affected facilities under this...

40 CFR 60.42c - Standard for sulfur dioxide (SO2).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Standard for sulfur dioxide (SO2). 60...-Commercial-Institutional Steam Generating Units § 60.42c Standard for sulfur dioxide (SO2). (a) Except as... sulfur. The percent reduction requirements are not applicable to affected facilities under this paragraph...

The 25 kWe solar thermal Stirling hydraulic engine system: Conceptual design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

White, Maurice; Emigh, Grant; Noble, Jack; Riggle, Peter; Sorenson, Torvald

1988-01-01

The conceptual design and analysis of a solar thermal free-piston Stirling hydraulic engine system designed to deliver 25 kWe when coupled to a 11 meter test bed concentrator is documented. A manufacturing cost assessment for 10,000 units per year was made. The design meets all program objectives including a 60,000 hr design life, dynamic balancing, fully automated control, more than 33.3 percent overall system efficiency, properly conditioned power, maximum utilization of annualized insolation, and projected production costs. The system incorporates a simple, rugged, reliable pool boiler reflux heat pipe to transfer heat from the solar receiver to the Stirling engine. The free-piston engine produces high pressure hydraulic flow which powers a commercial hydraulic motor that, in turn, drives a commercial rotary induction generator. The Stirling hydraulic engine uses hermetic bellows seals to separate helium working gas from hydraulic fluid which provides hydrodynamic lubrication to all moving parts. Maximum utilization of highly refined, field proven commercial components for electric power generation minimizes development cost and risk.

US Advanced Freight and Passenger MAGLEV System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morena, John J.; Danby, Gordon; Powell, James

1996-01-01

Japan and Germany will operate first generation Maglev passenger systems commercially shortly after 2000 A.D. The United States Maglev systems will require sophisticated freight and passenger carrying capability. The U.S. freight market is larger than passenger transport. A proposed advanced freight and passenger Maglev Project in Brevard County Florida is described. Present Maglev systems cost 30 million dollars or more per mile. Described is an advanced third generation Maglev system with technology improvements that will result in a cost of 10 million dollars per mile.

Modeling and Optimization of Commercial Buildings and Stationary Fuel Cell Systems (Presentation)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ainscough, C.; McLarty, D.; Sullivan, R.

2013-10-01

This presentation describes the Distributed Generation Building Energy Assessment Tool (DG-BEAT) developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the University of California Irvine. DG-BEAT is designed to allow stakeholders to assess the economics of installing stationary fuel cell systems in a variety of building types in the United States.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wolfmeyer, J.C.; Jowers, C.; Weinstein, R.E.

As the power industry moves toward increased competition, low operating costs become increasingly important for continued profitability. This paper provides an overview of the plant concept evaluation of using an emerging coal-fired technology for repowering one of Duke Energy steam generating stations. The paper describes the results of a US Department of Energy (DOE) conceptual design evaluation of an early commercial repowering application of advanced circulating pressurized fluidized bed combustion combined cycle technology (APFBC). The paper provides a review of the DOE study and summarizes the preliminary results. It shows the prospects for APFBC repowering, and discusses how this mightmore » be an attractive option for a wide range of existing power plants, when added baseload coal-fired generation is needed. This paper presents an APFBC concept under development by DOE and equipment manufacturers. This all-coal technology has projected energy efficiency in the 42 to 46% HHV (43 to 48% LHV) range and environmental emissions superior to New Source Performance Standards (NSPS). A DOE-sponsored Clean Coal Technology (CCT) demonstration program will pioneer the first commercial APFBC demonstration in year 2001. That 170 MWe APFBC CCT demonstration will use all new equipment, and become the City of Lakeland's C.D. McIntosh, Jr. steam plant Unit 4. This paper's concept evaluation is for a larger implementation. A Westinghouse W501F combustion turbine modified for APFBC operation is considered for use to produce a 300+MWe class APFBC combined cycle. At this size, APFBC has a wide application for repowering many existing units in America, Here, APFBC would repower an existing generation station, the Duke Energy Company's Dan River steam station. Repowering concepts are presented for APFBC repowering of Unit 3. The existing coal-fired Unit 3 has an output of about 150 MWe. When repowered with APFBC, this unit is boosted to about 280 MWe output, with high-energy efficiency.« less

Major design issues of molten carbonate fuel cell power generation unit

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, T.P.

1996-04-01

In addition to the stack, a fuel cell power generation unit requires fuel desulfurization and reforming, fuel and oxidant preheating, process heat removal, waste heat recovery, steam generation, oxidant supply, power conditioning, water supply and treatment, purge gas supply, instrument air supply, and system control. These support facilities add considerable cost and system complexity. Bechtel, as a system integrator of M-C Power`s molten carbonate fuel cell development team, has spent substantial effort to simplify and minimize these supporting facilities to meet cost and reliability goals for commercialization. Similiar to other fuels cells, MCFC faces design challenge of how to complymore » with codes and standards, achieve high efficiency and part load performance, and meanwhile minimize utility requirements, weight, plot area, and cost. However, MCFC has several unique design issues due to its high operating temperature, use of molten electrolyte, and the requirement of CO2 recycle.« less

Advanced power generation systems for the 21st Century: Market survey and recommendations for a design philosophy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Andriulli, J.B.; Gates, A.E.; Haynes, H.D.

1999-11-01

The purpose of this report is to document the results of a study designed to enhance the performance of future military generator sets (gen-sets) in the medium power range. The study includes a market survey of the state of the art in several key component areas and recommendations comprising a design philosophy for future military gen-sets. The market survey revealed that the commercial market is in a state of flux, but it is currently or will soon be capable of providing the technologies recommended here in a cost-effective manner. The recommendations, if implemented, should result in future power generation systemsmore » that are much more functional than today's gen-sets. The number of differing units necessary (both family sizes and frequency modes) to cover the medium power range would be decreased significantly, while the weight and volume of each unit would decrease, improving the transportability of the power source. Improved fuel economy and overall performance would result from more effective utilization of the prime mover in the generator. The units would allow for more flexibility and control, improved reliability, and more effective power management in the field.« less

Safe disposal of radionuclides in low-level radioactive-waste repository sites; Low-level radioactive-waste disposal workshop, U.S. Geological Survey, July 11-16, 1987, Big Bear Lake, Calif., Proceedings

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bedinger, Marion S.; Stevens, Peter R.

1990-01-01

In the United States, low-level radioactive waste is disposed by shallow-land burial. Low-level radioactive waste generated by non-Federal facilities has been buried at six commercially operated sites; low-level radioactive waste generated by Federal facilities has been buried at eight major and several minor Federally operated sites (fig. 1). Generally, low-level radioactive waste is somewhat imprecisely defined as waste that does not fit the definition of high-level radioactive waste and does not exceed 100 nCi/g in the concentration of transuranic elements. Most low-level radioactive waste generated by non-Federal facilities is generated at nuclear powerplants; the remainder is generated primarily at research laboratories, hospitals, industrial facilities, and universities. On the basis of half lives and concentrations of radionuclides in low-level radioactive waste, the hazard associated with burial of such waste generally lasts for about 500 years. Studies made at several of the commercially and Federally operated low-level radioactive-waste repository sites indicate that some of these sites have not provided containment of waste nor the expected protection of the environment.

Army Energy Plan.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-08-08

only extension granted has been for one generator. 4-28 Transportation motor pools and tactical units have been directed to comply with the Clean Air ...include cooperative programs with the DOE, the Navy, and the Air Force and the .... __ _ _ _ _ _ _.--- monitoring of commercial developments and...sulfur content poses considerable threat to air quality. Sulfur can be substantially eliminated from coal, but the process is costly. In addition, 1-9

Human Spaceflight Safety for the Next Generation on Orbital Space Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mango, Edward J.

2011-01-01

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Commercial Crew Program (CCP) has been chartered to facilitate the development of a United States (U.S.) commercial crew space transportation capability with the goal of achieving safe, reliable, and cost effective access to and from low Earth orbit (LEO) and the International Space Station (ISS) as soon as possible. Once the capability is matured and is available to the Government and other customers, NASA expects to purchase commercial services to meet its ISS crew rotation and emergency return objectives. The primary role of the CCP is to enable and ensure safe human spaceflight and processes for the next generation of earth orbital space systems. The architecture of the Program delineates the process for investment performance in safe orbital systems, Crew Transportation System (CTS) certification, and CTS Flight Readiness. A series of six technical documents build up the architecture to address the top-level CTS requirements and standards. They include Design Reference Missions, with the near term focus on ISS crew services, Certification and Service Requirements, Technical Management Processes, and Technical and Operations Standards Evaluation Processes.

The complexity of fetal imaging: reconciling clinical care with patient entertainment.

PubMed

Simonsen, Sara Ellis; Branch, D Ware; Rose, Nancy C

2008-12-01

Currently in the United States, pregnant women may obtain both medical fetal ultrasonography for screening and commercial fetal ultrasonography for entertainment purposes. The proliferation of commercial fetal ultrasonography suggests that medical screening alone does not satisfy patient expectations regarding fetal imaging. We investigated the prevalence of nonmedical fetal imaging and patient experiences and perceptions with both medical and nonmedical ultrasonography in our metropolitan area. We initiate a dialogue to explore the distinctions between medical and nonmedical fetal ultrasound imaging and the role of entertainment imaging in the medical setting. Concerns about safety, false reassurance, and unnecessary anxiety that might be generated by nonmedical ultrasonography should prompt us to examine the expectations of women regarding entertainment imaging, current clinical practice, and the potential for regulation of this commercial industry.

76 FR 80451 - Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units: Reconsideration and Proposed Amendments...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-23

... wastes ERUs were designed to burn. Energy Recovery Units (i.e., units that would be boilers and process... and 241 Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units: Reconsideration and Proposed... 2060-AR15 and 2050-AG44 Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units: Reconsideration and...

Feasibility of MR-only proton dose calculations for prostate cancer radiotherapy using a commercial pseudo-CT generation method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maspero, Matteo; van den Berg, Cornelis A. T.; Landry, Guillaume; Belka, Claus; Parodi, Katia; Seevinck, Peter R.; Raaymakers, Bas W.; Kurz, Christopher

2017-12-01

A magnetic resonance (MR)-only radiotherapy workflow can reduce cost, radiation exposure and uncertainties introduced by CT-MRI registration. A crucial prerequisite is generating the so called pseudo-CT (pCT) images for accurate dose calculation and planning. Many pCT generation methods have been proposed in the scope of photon radiotherapy. This work aims at verifying for the first time whether a commercially available photon-oriented pCT generation method can be employed for accurate intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) dose calculation. A retrospective study was conducted on ten prostate cancer patients. For pCT generation from MR images, a commercial solution for creating bulk-assigned pCTs, called MR for Attenuation Correction (MRCAT), was employed. The assigned pseudo-Hounsfield Unit (HU) values were adapted to yield an increased agreement to the reference CT in terms of proton range. Internal air cavities were copied from the CT to minimise inter-scan differences. CT- and MRCAT-based dose calculations for opposing beam IMPT plans were compared by gamma analysis and evaluation of clinically relevant target and organ at risk dose volume histogram (DVH) parameters. The proton range in beam’s eye view (BEV) was compared using single field uniform dose (SFUD) plans. On average, a (2%, 2 mm) gamma pass rate of 98.4% was obtained using a 10% dose threshold after adaptation of the pseudo-HU values. Mean differences between CT- and MRCAT-based dose in the DVH parameters were below 1 Gy (<1.5% ). The median proton range difference was 0.1 mm, with on average 96% of all BEV dose profiles showing a range agreement better than 3 mm. Results suggest that accurate MR-based proton dose calculation using an automatic commercial bulk-assignment pCT generation method, originally designed for photon radiotherapy, is feasible following adaptation of the assigned pseudo-HU values.

Population Dynamics and Flight Phenology Model of Codling Moth Differ between Commercial and Abandoned Apple Orchard Ecosystems.

PubMed

Joshi, Neelendra K; Rajotte, Edwin G; Naithani, Kusum J; Krawczyk, Greg; Hull, Larry A

2016-01-01

Apple orchard management practices may affect development and phenology of arthropod pests, such as the codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), which is a serious internal fruit-feeding pest of apples worldwide. Estimating population dynamics and accurately predicting the timing of CM development and phenology events (for instance, adult flight, and egg-hatch) allows growers to understand and control local populations of CM. Studies were conducted to compare the CM flight phenology in commercial and abandoned apple orchard ecosystems using a logistic function model based on degree-days accumulation. The flight models for these orchards were derived from the cumulative percent moth capture using two types of commercially available CM lure baited traps. Models from both types of orchards were also compared to another model known as PETE (prediction extension timing estimator) that was developed in 1970s to predict life cycle events for many fruit pests including CM across different fruit growing regions of the United States. We found that the flight phenology of CM was significantly different in commercial and abandoned orchards. CM male flight patterns for first and second generations as predicted by the constrained and unconstrained PCM (Pennsylvania Codling Moth) models in commercial and abandoned orchards were different than the flight patterns predicted by the currently used CM model (i.e., PETE model). In commercial orchards, during the first and second generations, the PCM unconstrained model predicted delays in moth emergence compared to current model. In addition, the flight patterns of females were different between commercial and abandoned orchards. Such differences in CM flight phenology between commercial and abandoned orchard ecosystems suggest potential impact of orchard environment and crop management practices on CM biology.

Population Dynamics and Flight Phenology Model of Codling Moth Differ between Commercial and Abandoned Apple Orchard Ecosystems

PubMed Central

Joshi, Neelendra K.; Rajotte, Edwin G.; Naithani, Kusum J.; Krawczyk, Greg; Hull, Larry A.

2016-01-01

Apple orchard management practices may affect development and phenology of arthropod pests, such as the codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), which is a serious internal fruit-feeding pest of apples worldwide. Estimating population dynamics and accurately predicting the timing of CM development and phenology events (for instance, adult flight, and egg-hatch) allows growers to understand and control local populations of CM. Studies were conducted to compare the CM flight phenology in commercial and abandoned apple orchard ecosystems using a logistic function model based on degree-days accumulation. The flight models for these orchards were derived from the cumulative percent moth capture using two types of commercially available CM lure baited traps. Models from both types of orchards were also compared to another model known as PETE (prediction extension timing estimator) that was developed in 1970s to predict life cycle events for many fruit pests including CM across different fruit growing regions of the United States. We found that the flight phenology of CM was significantly different in commercial and abandoned orchards. CM male flight patterns for first and second generations as predicted by the constrained and unconstrained PCM (Pennsylvania Codling Moth) models in commercial and abandoned orchards were different than the flight patterns predicted by the currently used CM model (i.e., PETE model). In commercial orchards, during the first and second generations, the PCM unconstrained model predicted delays in moth emergence compared to current model. In addition, the flight patterns of females were different between commercial and abandoned orchards. Such differences in CM flight phenology between commercial and abandoned orchard ecosystems suggest potential impact of orchard environment and crop management practices on CM biology. PMID:27713702

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Weinstein, R.E.; Goldstein, H.N.; White, J.S.

It is often more economical to keep existing generation capacity in operation than to build new capacity. Repowering is considered at a number of sites because of the need for added capacity, the poor condition of plant equipment (particularly the boiler), the need for improved environmental performance, the need for shorter licensing period, and other reasons. This paper describes the results of a US Department of Energy (DOE) conceptual design evaluation of an early commercial repowering application of advanced circulating pressurized fluidized bed combustion combined cycle technology (APFBC). The paper provides a review of the DOE study and summarizes themore » preliminary results. This all-coal technology has projected energy efficiency in the 42 to 46% HHV (43 to 48% LHV) range and environmental emissions superior to New Source Performance Standards (NSPS). A DOE-sponsored demonstration program will pioneer the first commercial APFBC demonstration in year 2001. That 170 MWe APFBC CCT demonstration will use all new equipment, and become the City of Lakeland`s C.D. McIntosh, Jr. steam plant Unit 4. This paper`s concept evaluation is for a larger implementation. A modern large frame combustion turbine is used to produce a 300 + MWe class APFBC. At this size, APFBC has a wide application for repowering many existing units in America. Here, APFBC would repower an existing generation station, the Carolina Power and Light Company`s (CP and L) L.V. Suttong steam station. Repowering concepts are presented for APFBC repowering of Unit 2 (252 MWe) and of both Units 1 and 2 in combination (360 MWe total).« less

Chinese launch vehicles aim for the commercial market

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clark, Phillip S.

While the Chinese space program appears, in light of information being made available to the West, to be on the verge of substantial expansion, its direction is presently judged to be substantially governed by the international response to China's offers of commercial satellite-launch services. This criterion will be especially relevant to the development of the next-generation of the CZ-2/4L and CZ-3A/4L launch vehicles, each of which employs four strap-on liquid rocket booster units for payload performance enhancement. Attention is presently given to Chinese satellite launch history thus far, and prospective development schedules and performance targets.

Comparative Study of DC and AC Microgrids in Commercial Buildings Across Different Climates and Operating Profiles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fregosi, Daniel; Ravula, Sharmila; Brhlik, Dusan

2015-06-07

Bosch has developed and demonstrated a novel direct current (DC) microgrid system that maximizes the efficiency of locally generated photovoltaic energy while offering high reliability, safety, redundancy, and reduced cost compared to equivalent alternating current (AC) systems. Several demonstration projects validating the system feasibility and expected efficiency gains have been completed and additional ones are in progress. This paper gives an overview of the Bosch DC microgrid system and presents key results from a large simulation study done to estimate the energy savings of the Bosch DC microgrid over conventional AC systems. The study examined the system performance in locationsmore » across the United States for several commercial building types and operating profiles. It found that the Bosch DC microgrid uses generated PV energy 6%-8% more efficiently than traditional AC systems.« less

Distributing Data from Desktop to Hand-Held Computers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Elmore, Jason L.

2005-01-01

A system of server and client software formats and redistributes data from commercially available desktop to commercially available hand-held computers via both wired and wireless networks. This software is an inexpensive means of enabling engineers and technicians to gain access to current sensor data while working in locations in which such data would otherwise be inaccessible. The sensor data are first gathered by a data-acquisition server computer, then transmitted via a wired network to a data-distribution computer that executes the server portion of the present software. Data in all sensor channels -- both raw sensor outputs in millivolt units and results of conversion to engineering units -- are made available for distribution. Selected subsets of the data are transmitted to each hand-held computer via the wired and then a wireless network. The selection of the subsets and the choice of the sequences and formats for displaying the data is made by means of a user interface generated by the client portion of the software. The data displayed on the screens of hand-held units can be updated at rates from 1 to

Software-Defined Avionics and Mission Systems in Future Vertical Lift Aircraft

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-01

military rotorcraft in the service of the United States Joint services have yet to benefit significantly from this technology. At long last, that may...Despite the demonstrated success of IMA systems in commercial airliners such as the Airbus A380 and the Boeing 787, military rotorcraft in the...8 4. Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) – Generation One ..................9 5. Military IMA

Carbonate fuel cells: Milliwatts to megawatts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Farooque, M.; Maru, H. C.

The carbonate fuel cell power plant is an emerging high efficiency, ultra-clean power generator utilizing a variety of gaseous, liquid, and solid carbonaceous fuels for commercial and industrial applications. The primary mover of this generator is a carbonate fuel cell. The fuel cell uses alkali metal carbonate mixtures as electrolyte and operates at ∼650 °C. Corrosion of the cell hardware and stability of the ceramic components have been important design considerations in the early stages of development. The material and electrolyte choices are founded on extensive fundamental research carried out around the world in the 60s and early 70s. The cell components were developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The present day carbonate fuel cell construction employs commonly available stainless steels. The electrodes are based on nickel and well-established manufacturing processes. Manufacturing process development, scale-up, stack tests, and pilot system tests dominated throughout the 1990s. Commercial product development efforts began in late 1990s leading to prototype field tests beginning in the current decade leading to commercial customer applications. Cost reduction has been an integral part of the product effort. Cost-competitive product designs have evolved as a result. Approximately half a dozen teams around the world are pursuing carbonate fuel cell product development. The power plant development efforts to date have mainly focused on several hundred kW (submegawatt) to megawatt-class plants. Almost 40 submegawatt units have been operating at customer sites in the US, Europe, and Asia. Several of these units are operating on renewable bio-fuels. A 1 MW unit is operating on the digester gas from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Seattle, Washington (US). Presently, there are a total of approximately 10 MW capacity carbonate fuel cell power plants installed around the world. Carbonate fuel cell products are also being developed to operate on coal-derived gases, diesel, and other logistic fuels. Innovative carbonate fuel cell/turbine hybrid power plant designs promising record energy conversion efficiencies approaching 75% have also emerged. This paper will review the historical development of this unique technology from milliwatt-scale laboratory cells to present megawatt-scale commercial power plants.

Commercialization and internationalization of the next-generation launch system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bille, Matthew A.; Richie, George E.; Bille, Deborah A.

1996-03-01

The United States, ESA, Russia, and Japan are all pursuing the goal of a next-generation launch system. However, economic constraints may ground these programs, as they did hypersonic spaceplane efforts. In today's constrained fiscal environment, engineering is secondary unless the most practical economic and political approach is also found. While international efforts face national concerns over jobs and competitiveness, low-cost access to orbit will open up space to whole new industries. In the long run, all involved nations will gain economically if a next-generation launcher is built, and all will lose if individual efforts fail. An international consortium is most likely to amass the resources needed. The consortium would not be dedicated to any single technical concept, but would select from industry proposals to design and build the technology demonstrator. The goal is to get one working system built: after that, it is not critical whether we have one cooperative operational system or a dozen competing ones. What is critical is not to miss another chance to launch the era of space commercialization.

McIntosh Unit 4 PCFB demonstration project

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dodd, A.M.; Dryden, R.J.; Morehead, H.T.

1997-12-31

The City of Lakeland, Foster Wheeler Corporation and Westinghouse Electric Corporation have embarked on a utility scale demonstration of Pressurized Circulating Fluidized Bed (PCFB) technology at Lakeland`s McIntosh Power Station in Lakeland, Florida. The US Department of Energy will be providing approximately $195 million of funding for the project through two Cooperative Agreements under the auspices of the Clean Coal Technology Program. The project will involve the commercial demonstration of Foster Wheeler Pyroflow PCFB technology integrated with Westinghouse`s Hot Gas Filter (HGF) and power generation technologies. The total project duration will be approximately eight years and will be structured intomore » three separate phases; two years of design and permitting, followed by an initial period of two years of fabrication and construction and concluding with a four year demonstration (commercial operation) period. It is expected that the project will show that Foster Wheeler`s Pyroflow PCFB technology coupled with Westinghouse`s HGF and power generation technologies represents a cost effective, high efficiency, low emissions means of adding greenfield generation capacity and that this same technology is also well suited for repowering applications.« less

Molecular diagnosis of populational variants of Anthonomus grandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America.

PubMed

Barr, Norman; Ruiz-Arce, Raul; Obregón, Oscar; De Leon, Rosita; Foster, Nelson; Reuter, Chris; Boratynski, Theodore; Vacek, Don

2013-02-01

The utility of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) DNA sequence used for DNA barcoding and a Sequence Characterized Amplified Region for diagnosing boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, variants was evaluated. Maximum likelihood analysis of COI DNA sequences from 154 weevils collected from the United States and Mexico supports previous evidence for limited gene flow between weevil populations on wild cotton and commercial cotton in northern Mexico and southern United States. The wild cotton populations represent a variant of the species called the thurberia weevil, which is not regarded as a significant pest. The 31 boll weevil COI haplotypes observed in the study form two distinct haplogroups (A and B) that are supported by five fixed nucleotide differences and a phylogenetic analysis. Although wild and commercial cotton populations are closely associated with specific haplogroups, there is not a fixed difference between the thurberia weevil variant and other populations. The Sequence Characterized Amplified Region marker generated a larger number of inconclusive results than the COI gene but also supported evidence of shared genotypes between wild and commercial cotton weevil populations. These methods provide additional markers that can assist in the identification of pest weevil populations but not definitively diagnose samples.

Fossil fuels in a sustainable energy future

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bechtel, T.F.

1995-12-01

The coal industry in the United States has become a world leader in safety, productivity, and environmental protection in the mining of coal. The {open_quotes}pick-and-shovel{close_quotes} miner with mangled limbs and black lung disease has been replaced by the highly skilled technicians that lead the world in tons per man-hour. The gob piles, polluted streams, and scared land are a thing of the past. The complementary efforts of the DOE and EPRI-funded programs in coal utilization R&D and the Clean Coal Technology Program commercial demonstrations, have positioned the power generation industry to utilize coal in a way that doesn`t pollute themore » air or water, keeps electrical power costs low, and avoids the mountains of waste material. This paper reviews the potential for advanced coal utilization technologies in new power generation applications as well as the repowering of existing plants to increase their output, raise their efficiency, and reduce pollution. It demonstrates the potential for these advanced coal-fueled plants to play a complementary role in future planning with the natural gas and oil fired units currently favored in the market place. The status of the US program to demonstrate these technologies at commercial scale is reviewed in some detail.« less

The commercial implications of the EELV program

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sasso, Steven E.

1998-01-01

There have been several studies over the past 15 years intended to define and develop a space launch system that would meet future needs of the United States Government (USG). While these past studies (Advanced Launch System, National Launch System, Spacelifter, etc) yielded valuable data, none were carried to fruition. Overriding issues included high development cost, changing requirements, and uncertainty in the mission model, as well lack of a clear direction for where this nation should be headed. In 1995, the Air Force embarked on the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) program as a way of defining and developing the next-generation expendable launch system. This time groundrules for this effort were clearly defined-the program relied on the use of evolving a system rather than developing a high-technology solution to reduce development cost, and the commercial market was factored in as a way of reducing cost to the USG. The EELV program is nearing the engineering manufacturing development (EMD) phase by mid-1998 with first flight planned for early 2001. This paper describes the planned Lockheed Martin EELV program and its ability to utilize the commercial market to benefit the USG in its need to develop the next-generation expendable launch vehicle.

Hockey-stick steam generator for LMFBR

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hallinan, G.J.; Svedlund, P.E.

1981-01-01

This paper presents the criteria and evaluation leading to the selection of the Hockey Stick Steam Generator Concept and subsequent development of that concept for LMFBR application. The selection process and development of the Modular Steam Generator (MSG) is discussed, including the extensive test programs that culminated in the manufacture and test of a 35 MW(t) Steam Generator. The design of the CRBRP Steam Generator is described, emphasizing the current status and a review of the critical structural areas. CRBRP steam generator development tests are evaluated, with a discussion of test objectives and rating of the usefulness of test resultsmore » to the CRBRP prototype design. Manufacturing experience and status of the CRBRP prototype and plant units is covered. The scaleup of the Hockey Stick concept to large commercial plant application is presented, with an evaluation of scaleup limitations, transient effects, and system design implications.« less

Facilitating a More Efficient Commercial Review Process for Pediatric Drugs and Biologics

PubMed Central

Rykhus, Ryan D.; Shepard, Zachary V.; Young, Alix; Frisby, Hadley; Calder, Kailee A.; Coon, Collin M.; Falk, Justin A.; McAndrews, Sydney R.; Turner, Aspen; Chang, Christina; Michelsohn, Johanna; Petch, Raegan; Dieker, Sarah M.; Markworth, Benjamin H.; Alamo-Perez, Kevin; Hosack, Aaron J.; Berg, Jacob M.; Schmidt, Christian; Storsberg, Joachim; Brown, Mark A.

Over the past two decades, the biopharmaceutical industry has seen unprecedented expansion and innovation in concert with significant technological advancements. While the industry has experienced marked growth, the regulatory system in the United States still operates at a capacity much lower than the influx of new drug and biologic candidates. As a result, it has become standard for months or even years of waiting for commercial approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. These regulatory delays have generated a system that stifles growth and innovation due to the exorbitant costs associated with awaiting approval from the nation’s sole regulatory agency. The recent re-emergence of diseases that impact pediatric demographics represents one particularly acute reason for developing a regulatory system that facilitates a more efficient commercial review process. Herein, we present a range of initiatives that could represent early steps toward alleviating the delays in approving life-saving therapeutics. PMID:29271878

An in-home study of subjective response to simulated sonic booms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mccurdy, David A.; Brown, Sherilyn A.; Hilliard, R. David

1994-01-01

The proposed development of a second-generation supersonic commercial transport has resulted in increased research efforts to provide an environmentally acceptable aircraft. One of the environmental issues is the impact of sonic booms on people. Aircraft designers are attempting to design the transport to produce sonic boom signatures that will have minimum impact on the public. Current supersonic commercial aircraft produce an 'N-wave' sonic boom pressure signature that is considered unacceptable by the public. This has resulted in first-generation supersonic transports being banned from flying supersonically over land in the United States, a severe economic constraint. By tailoring aircraft volume and lift distributions, designers hope to produce sonic boom signatures having specific shapes other than 'N-wave' that may be more acceptable to the public and could possibly permit overland supersonic flight. As part of the effort to develop a second-generation supersonic commercial transport, Langley Research Center is conducting research to study people's subjective response to sonic booms. As part of that research, a system was developed for performing studies of the subjective response of people to the occurrence of simulated sonic booms in their homes. The In-Home Noise Generation/Response System (IHONORS) provides a degree of situational realism not available in the laboratory and a degree of control over the noise exposure not found in community surveys. The computer-controlled audio system generates the simulated sonic booms, measures the noise levels, and records the subjects' rating and can be placed and operated in individuals' homes for extended periods of time. The system was used to conduct an in-home study of subjective response to simulated sonic booms. The primary objective of the study was to determine the effect on annoyance of the number of sonic boom occurrences in a realistic environment.

26 CFR 1.263A-4 - Rules for property produced in a farming business.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... period of plants grown in commercial quantities in the United States is based on the nationwide weighted... plants grown in commercial quantities in the United States, the nationwide weighted average preproductive... crop or yield. The plants are grown in commercial quantities in the United States. Farmer A acquires 1...

26 CFR 1.263A-4 - Rules for property produced in a farming business.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... period of plants grown in commercial quantities in the United States is based on the nationwide weighted... plants grown in commercial quantities in the United States, the nationwide weighted average preproductive... crop or yield. The plants are grown in commercial quantities in the United States. Farmer A acquires 1...

26 CFR 1.263A-4 - Rules for property produced in a farming business.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... period of plants grown in commercial quantities in the United States is based on the nationwide weighted... plants grown in commercial quantities in the United States, the nationwide weighted average preproductive... crop or yield. The plants are grown in commercial quantities in the United States. Farmer A acquires 1...

26 CFR 1.263A-4 - Rules for property produced in a farming business.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... period of plants grown in commercial quantities in the United States is based on the nationwide weighted... plants grown in commercial quantities in the United States, the nationwide weighted average preproductive... crop or yield. The plants are grown in commercial quantities in the United States. Farmer A acquires 1...

26 CFR 1.263A-4 - Rules for property produced in a farming business.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... period of plants grown in commercial quantities in the United States is based on the nationwide weighted... plants grown in commercial quantities in the United States, the nationwide weighted average preproductive... crop or yield. The plants are grown in commercial quantities in the United States. Farmer A acquires 1...

Commercial Passenger Vehicles: Safety Inspection of Commercial Buses and Vans Entering into the United States from Mexico

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-08-08

In response to concerns about whether commercial passenger vehicles entering the United States from Mexico are meeting U.S. safety standards, this report describes (1) the number and types of commercial passenger vehicles entering U.S. border states ...

Final Environmental Statement. Continental United States Over-the- Horizon Backscatter Radar System

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-01-01

plants will be provided only for the operational radar system. When operating they will emit diesel exhaust fumes into the atmosphere. g. Noise...Pollution. Noise will be generated when the standby power plants are used. h. Foliage and Soil. The clearing of trees and shrubs in the...building, a 12 megawatt standby power plant , a gate house, transmit antennas, connection to commercial power lines, a paved access road, a well water

78 FR 78786 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; 2014 Commercial Summer Flounder Quota Adjustments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-27

.... 121009528-2729-02] RIN 0648-XD026 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; 2014 Commercial Summer... Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce. ACTION: Announcement of 2014 commercial summer flounder state quotas. SUMMARY: NMFS is announcing the commercial summer flounder state quotas for fishing year 2014...

Design Issues Affecting Pipings Associated with a New Moisture Separator Reheater

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hyung-Keun, Kim; Jae-Kyoung, Cho

2006-07-01

This paper summarizes the piping design effects on a New Moisture Separator Reheater (MSR) in Shin-Kori Nuclear Power Plant Units 1 and 2 (SKN 1 and 2) being under the construction in Korea. This SKN 1 and 2 has the same arrangement of a Turbine-Generator set as one of Korea Standard Nuclear Plant Units ( OPR 1000 ) in commercial operation. The Turbine-Generator Supplier has developed a new Moisture Separator Reheater which has first and second stage heating steam supply connections respectively, at both ends of the shell side of the vessel in comparison to MSR of OPR 1000 whichmore » has first and second stage heating steam supply connections at only one end. The different locations of reheaters in MSR cause changes in the associated pipings such as 2. stage reheater heating steam, 2. stage reheater drain, shell drain, drain tank location and tank condensate drainage pipings. (authors)« less

Types of provincial structure and population health.

PubMed

Young, Frank W; Rodriguez, Eunice

2005-01-01

This paper explores the potential of using large administrative units for studies of population health within a country. The objective is to illustrate a new way of defining structural dimensions and to use them in examining variation in life expectancy rates. We use data from the 50 provinces of Spain as a case study. A factor analysis of organizational items such as schools, hotels and medical personnel is employed to define and generate "collective" measures for well-known provincial types, in this case: urban, commercial, industrial and tourist provinces. The scores derived from the factor analysis are then used in a regression model to predict life expectancy. The City-centered and Commercial provinces showed positive correlations with life expectancy while those for the Tourist provinces were negative. The industrial type was nonsignificant. Explanations of these correlations are proposed and the advantages and disadvantages of this exploratory technique are reviewed. The use of this technique for generating an overview of social organization and population health is discussed.

49 CFR 1572.201 - Transportation of hazardous materials via commercial motor vehicle from Canada or Mexico to and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... commercial motor vehicle from Canada or Mexico to and within the United States. 1572.201 Section 1572.201... ASSESSMENTS Transportation of Hazardous Materials From Canada or Mexico To and Within the United States by... Mexico to and within the United States. (a) Applicability. This section applies to commercial motor...

19 CFR 123.51 - Commercial samples transported by automobile through Canada between ports in the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Commercial samples transported by automobile... Commercial samples transported by automobile through Canada between ports in the United States. (a) General... samples by automobile through Canada to another place in the United States without displaying the samples...

19 CFR 123.52 - Commercial samples transported by automobile through the United States between ports in Canada.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Commercial samples transported by automobile... Commercial samples transported by automobile through the United States between ports in Canada. (a) General... sealed samples in his automobile without further sealing in the United States, upon compliance with this...

19 CFR 123.51 - Commercial samples transported by automobile through Canada between ports in the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Commercial samples transported by automobile... Commercial samples transported by automobile through Canada between ports in the United States. (a) General... samples by automobile through Canada to another place in the United States without displaying the samples...

19 CFR 123.52 - Commercial samples transported by automobile through the United States between ports in Canada.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Commercial samples transported by automobile... Commercial samples transported by automobile through the United States between ports in Canada. (a) General... sealed samples in his automobile without further sealing in the United States, upon compliance with this...

19 CFR 123.51 - Commercial samples transported by automobile through Canada between ports in the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Commercial samples transported by automobile... Commercial samples transported by automobile through Canada between ports in the United States. (a) General... samples by automobile through Canada to another place in the United States without displaying the samples...

19 CFR 123.52 - Commercial samples transported by automobile through the United States between ports in Canada.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Commercial samples transported by automobile... Commercial samples transported by automobile through the United States between ports in Canada. (a) General... sealed samples in his automobile without further sealing in the United States, upon compliance with this...

19 CFR 123.51 - Commercial samples transported by automobile through Canada between ports in the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Commercial samples transported by automobile... Commercial samples transported by automobile through Canada between ports in the United States. (a) General... samples by automobile through Canada to another place in the United States without displaying the samples...

19 CFR 123.52 - Commercial samples transported by automobile through the United States between ports in Canada.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Commercial samples transported by automobile... Commercial samples transported by automobile through the United States between ports in Canada. (a) General... sealed samples in his automobile without further sealing in the United States, upon compliance with this...

19 CFR 123.52 - Commercial samples transported by automobile through the United States between ports in Canada.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Commercial samples transported by automobile... Commercial samples transported by automobile through the United States between ports in Canada. (a) General... sealed samples in his automobile without further sealing in the United States, upon compliance with this...

19 CFR 123.51 - Commercial samples transported by automobile through Canada between ports in the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Commercial samples transported by automobile... Commercial samples transported by automobile through Canada between ports in the United States. (a) General... samples by automobile through Canada to another place in the United States without displaying the samples...

Comparison of full width at half maximum and penumbra of different Gamma Knife models.

PubMed

Asgari, Sepideh; Banaee, Nooshin; Nedaie, Hassan Ali

2018-01-01

As a radiosurgical tool, Gamma Knife has the best and widespread name recognition. Gamma Knife is a noninvasive intracranial technique invented and developed by Swedish neurosurgeon Lars Leksell. The first commercial Leksell Gamma Knife entered the therapeutic armamentarium at the University of Pittsburgh in the United States on August 1987. Since that time, different generation of Gamma Knife developed. In this study, the technical points and dosimetric parameters including full width at half maximum and penumbra on different generation of Gamma Knife will be reviewed and compared. The results of this review study show that the rotating gamma system provides a better dose conformity.

Policy Considerations for Commercializing Natural Gas and Biomass CCUS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abrahams, L.; Clavin, C.

2017-12-01

Captured CO2 from power generation has been discussed as an opportunity to improve the environmental sustainability of fossil fuel-based electricity generation and likely necessary technological solution necessary for meeting long-term climate change mitigation goals. In our presentation, we review the findings of a study of natural gas CCUS technology research and development and discuss their applications to biomass CCUS technology potential. Based on interviews conducted with key stakeholders in CCUS technology development and operations, this presentation will discuss these technical and economic challenges and potential policy opportunities to support commercial scale CCUS deployment. In current domestic and electricity and oil markets, CCUS faces economic challenges for commercial deployment. In particular, the economic viability of CCUS has been impacted by the sustained low oil prices that have limited the potential for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) to serve as a near-term utilization opportunity for the captured CO2. In addition, large scale commercial adoption of CCUS is constrained by regulatory inconsistencies and uncertainties across the United States, high initial capital costs, achieving familiarity with new technology applications to existing markets, developing a successful performance track record to acquire financing agreements, and competing against well-established incumbent technologies. CCUS also has additional technical hurdles for measurement, verification, and reporting within states that have existing policy and regulatory frameworks for climate change mitigation. In addition to fossil-fuel based CCUS, we will discuss emerging opportunities to utilize CCUS fueled by gasified biomass resulting in carbon negative power generation with expanded economic opportunities associated with the enhanced carbon sequestration. Successful technology development of CCUS technology requires a portfolio of research leading to technical advances, advances in financial instruments to leverage the benefits of multiple commodity markets (e.g. natural gas, oil, biomass), and policy instruments that address regulatory hurdles posed CCUS technology deployment.

77 FR 58051 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Bluefish Fishery; Commercial Quota Harvested for the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-19

.... 120201086-2418-02] RIN 0648-XC236 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Bluefish Fishery; Commercial...: NMFS announces that the 2012 bluefish commercial quota allocated to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts has been harvested. Vessels issued a commercial Federal fisheries permit for the bluefish fishery may...

Low-grade geothermal energy conversion by organic Rankine cycle turbine generator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zarling, J. P.; Aspnes, J. D.

Results of a demonstration project which helped determine the feasibility of converting low-grade thermal energy in 49 C water into electrical energy via an organic Rankine cycle 2500 watt (electrical) turbine-generator are presented. The geothermal source which supplied the water is located in a rural Alaskan village. The reasons an organic Rankine cycle turbine-generator was investigated as a possible source of electric power in rural Alaska are: (1) high cost of operating diesel-electric units and their poor long-term reliability when high-quality maintenance is unavailable and (2) the extremely high level of long-term reliability reportedly attained by commercially available organic Rankine cycle turbines. Data is provided on the thermal and electrical operating characteristics of an experimental organic Rankine cycle turbine-generator operating at a uniquely low vaporizer temperature.

40 CFR 62.14510 - Am I subject to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Requirements for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units That Commenced Construction On or... Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units), your CISWI unit is subject to subpart CCCC of 40...

40 CFR 62.14510 - Am I subject to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Requirements for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units That Commenced Construction On or... Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units), your CISWI unit is subject to subpart CCCC of 40...

Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program Integrated Program Plan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McCarthy, Kathryn A.; Busby, Jeremy; Hallbert, Bruce

2014-04-01

Nuclear power has safely, reliably, and economically contributed almost 20% of electrical generation in the United States over the past two decades. It remains the single largest contributor (more than 70%) of non-greenhouse-gas-emitting electric power generation in the United States. Domestic demand for electrical energy is expected to experience a 31% growth from 2009 to 2035. At the same time, most of the currently operating nuclear power plants will begin reaching the end of their initial 20-year extension to their original 40-year operating license for a total of 60 years of operation. Figure E-1 shows projected nuclear energy contribution tomore » the domestic generating capacity. If current operating nuclear power plants do not operate beyond 60 years, the total fraction of generated electrical energy from nuclear power will begin to decline—even with the expected addition of new nuclear generating capacity. The oldest commercial plants in the United States reached their 40th anniversary in 2009. The U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy’s Research and Development Roadmap (Nuclear Energy Roadmap) organizes its activities around four objectives that ensure nuclear energy remains a compelling and viable energy option for the United States. The four objectives are as follows: (1) develop technologies and other solutions that can improve the reliability, sustain the safety, and extend the life of the current reactors; (2) develop improvements in the affordability of new reactors to enable nuclear energy to help meet the Administration’s energy security and climate change goals; (3) develop sustainable nuclear fuel cycles; and (4) understand and minimize the risks of nuclear proliferation and terrorism. The Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Program is the primary programmatic activity that addresses Objective 1. This document summarizes the LWRS Program’s plans.« less

Electromagnetic Fields Associated with Commercial Solar Photovoltaic Electric Power Generating Facilities.

PubMed

Tell, R A; Hooper, H C; Sias, G G; Mezei, G; Hung, P; Kavet, R

2015-01-01

The southwest region of the United States is expected to experience an expansion of commercial solar photovoltaic generation facilities over the next 25 years. A solar facility converts direct current generated by the solar panels to three-phase 60-Hz power that is fed to the grid. This conversion involves sequential processing of the direct current through an inverter that produces low-voltage three-phase power, which is stepped up to distribution voltage (∼12 kV) through a transformer. This study characterized magnetic and electric fields between the frequencies of 0 Hz and 3 GHz at two facilities operated by the Southern California Edison Company in Porterville, CA and San Bernardino, CA. Static magnetic fields were very small compared to exposure limits established by IEEE and ICNIRP. The highest 60-Hz magnetic fields were measured adjacent to transformers and inverters, and radiofrequency fields from 5-100 kHz were associated with the inverters. The fields measured complied in every case with IEEE controlled and ICNIRP occupational exposure limits. In all cases, electric fields were negligible compared to IEEE and ICNIRP limits across the spectrum measured and when compared to the FCC limits (≥0.3 MHz).

Data Center Energy Efficiency Technologies and Methodologies: A Review of Commercial Technologies and Recommendations for Application to Department of Defense Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-11-01

provided by a stand-alone desktop or hand held computing device. This introduces into the discussion a large number of mobile , tactical command...control, communications, and computer (C4) systems across the Services. A couple of examples are mobile command posts mounted on the back of an M1152... infrastructure (DCPI). This term encompasses on-site backup generators, switchgear, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), power distribution units

Fuel cell programs in the United States for stationary power applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Singer, M.

1996-04-01

The Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Fossil Energy, is participating with the private sector in sponsoring the development of molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technologies for application in the utility, commercial and industrial sectors. Phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) development was sponsored by the Office of Fossil Energy in previous years and is now being commercialized by the private sector. Private sector participants with the Department of Energy include the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), the Gas Research institute (GRI), electric and gas utilities, universities, manufacturing companies and their suppliers. through continued governmentmore » and private sector support, fuel cell systems are emerging power generation technologies which are expected to have significant worldwide impacts. An industry with annual sales of over a billion dollars is envisioned early in the 21st century. PAFC power plants have begun to enter the marketplace and MCFC and SOFC power plants are expected to be ready to enter the marketplace in the late 1990s. In support of the efficient and effective use of our natural resources, the fuel cell program seeks to increase energy efficiency and economic effectiveness of power generation. This is to be accomplished through effectiveness of power generation. This is accomplished through the development and commercialization of cost-effective, efficient and environmentally desirable fuel cell systems which will operate on fossil fuels in multiple and end use sectors.« less

Experimental investigation of domestic micro-CHP based on the gas boiler fitted with ORC module

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wajs, Jan; Mikielewicz, Dariusz; Bajor, Michał; Kneba, Zbigniew

2016-09-01

The results of investigations conducted on the prototype of vapour driven micro-CHP unit integrated with a gas boiler are presented. The system enables cogeneration of heat and electric energy to cover the energy demand of a household. The idea of such system is to produce electricity for own demand or for selling it to the electric grid - in such situation the system user will became the prosumer. A typical commercial gas boiler, additionally equipped with an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) module based on environmentally acceptable working fluid can be regarded as future generation unit. In the paper the prototype of innovative domestic cogenerative ORC system, consisting of a conventional gas boiler and a small size axial vapour microturbines (in-house designed for ORC and the commercially available for Rankine cycle (RC)), evaporator and condenser were scrutinised. In the course of study the fluid working temperatures, rates of heat, electricity generation and efficiency of the whole system were obtained. The tested system could produce electricity in the amount of 1 kWe. Some preliminary tests were started with water as working fluid and the results for that case are also presented. The investigations showed that domestic gas boiler was able to provide the saturated/superheated ethanol vapour (in the ORC system) and steam (in the RC system) as working fluids.

Genetic characterization of commercial honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) populations in the United States by using mitochondrial and microsatellite markers

Treesearch

D. A. Delaney; M.D. Meixner; N.M. Schiff; W.S. Sheppard

2009-01-01

Genetic diversity levels within and between the two commercial breeding areas in theUnited States were analyzed using the DraI restriction fragment length polymorphism of the COICOII mitochondrial region and 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci. The western commercial breeding population (WCBP) and the southeastern commercial...

Commercial space transportation licensing : Quarterly Launch Report : special report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-01-01

In order to conduct a commercial space launch or operate a commercial launch site in the U.S., it is necessary to obtain a license from the United States government. Under the 1972 United Nations Convention on International Liability for Damage Cause...

Estimates of Commercial Motor Vehicles Using the Southwest Border Crossings

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-09-20

The United States has experienced almost a five-fold increase in commercial motor vehicle traffic to and from Mexico during the past sixteen years. There were more than 4< million commercial motor vehicle (CMV) crossings from Mexico into the United S...

40 CFR 62.6360 - Identification of plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Missouri Air Emissions from Existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.6360... May 9, 2001, certifying that there are no commercial and industrial solid waste incineration units...” Solid Waste Incineration Units ...

40 CFR 62.6360 - Identification of plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Missouri Air Emissions from Existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.6360... May 9, 2001, certifying that there are no commercial and industrial solid waste incineration units...” Solid Waste Incineration Units ...

40 CFR 62.14510 - Am I subject to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Requirements for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units That Commenced Construction On or... criteria described in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(3) of this section. (1) Construction of your CISWI unit... Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units), your CISWI unit is subject to subpart CCCC of 40...

University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Anaerobic Dry Digestion Facility

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Koker, John; Lizotte, Michael

The University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Anaerobic Dry Digestion Facility is a demonstration project that supported the first commercial-scale use in the United States of high solids, static pile technology for anaerobic digestion of organic waste to generate biogas for use in generating electricity and heat. The research adds to the understanding of startup, operation and supply chain issues for anaerobic digester technology. Issues and performance were documented for equipment installation and modifications, feedstock availability and quality, weekly loading and unloading of digestion chambers, chemical composition of biogas produced, and energy production. This facility also demonstrated an urban industrial ecology approachmore » to siting such facilities near sewage treatment plants (to capture and use excess biogas generated by the plants) and organic yard waste collection sites (a source of feedstock).« less

40 CFR 62.3916 - Identification of Plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.3916 Identification of Plan. (a... reference subpart III of 40 CFR part 62, the commercial and industrial solid waste incineration rule, which... plan applies to all applicable existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units for...

40 CFR 62.3916 - Identification of Plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.3916 Identification of Plan. (a... reference subpart III of 40 CFR part 62, the commercial and industrial solid waste incineration rule, which... plan applies to all applicable existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units for...

Commercial Carpentry: Instructional Units.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Diehl, Donald W.; Penner, Wayman R.

This manual contains instructional materials which measure student performance on commercial carpentry behavioral objectives; criterion-referenced evaluation instruments are also included. Each of the manual's eleven sections consists of one or more units of instruction. Each instructional unit includes behavioral objectives, suggested activities…

40 CFR 62.650 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Existing Commercial/industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.650 Identification of plan. (a) The... are no existing commercial/industrial solid waste incineration units within the Department's.../industrial solid waste incineration units within the Department's jurisdiction that are subject to 40 CFR...

40 CFR 62.650 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Existing Commercial/industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.650 Identification of plan. (a) The... are no existing commercial/industrial solid waste incineration units within the Department's.../industrial solid waste incineration units within the Department's jurisdiction that are subject to 40 CFR...

Feasibility study for biomass power plants in Thailand. Volume 1. Main report. Export trade information

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

This study, conducted by Black & Veatch, was funded by the U.S. Trade and Development Agency. The report presents a technical and commercial analysis for the development of three nearly identical electricity generating facilities (biomass steam power plants) in the towns of Chachoengsao, Suphan Buri, and Pichit in Thailand. The Main Report is divided into the following sections: (1.0) Executive Study; (2.0) Project Objectives; (3.0) Review of Combustion Technology for Biomass Fueled Steam Generator Units; (4.0) Conceptual Design; (5.0) Plant Descriptions; (6.0) Plant Operations Staffing; (7.0) Project Schedule; (8.0) Project Cost Estimate; (9.0) Financial Analysis; Appendix - Financial Analysis.

Evaluation, analysis, and documentation support for the 10-kw Signature Suppressed Lightweight Electric Energy Plant (SLEEP). Technical report, April 1987-March 1988

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Morsch, B.A.; Main, B.W.; Buckman, A.F.

The US Army identified the need for a Signature Suppressed, Lightweight Electric Energy Plant (SLEEP) to improve the survivability of forward deployed units. The US Army Belvoir Research, Development and Engineering Center has the responsibility for procuring generators to meet this requirement. This study was to investigate power-generation technology and determine the most-effective technology to meet the SLEEP requirement. The Stirling was identified as the most-promising technology for SLEEP. Commercial systems and improvements to existing systems cannot meet this requirement. Procurement of SLEEP was determined to be well suited for the Army Streamlined Acquisition Program.

Advanced technology applications for second and third general coal gasification systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bradford, R.; Hyde, J. D.; Mead, C. W.

1980-01-01

The historical background of coal conversion is reviewed and the programmatic status (operational, construction, design, proposed) of coal gasification processes is tabulated for both commercial and demonstration projects as well as for large and small pilot plants. Both second and third generation processes typically operate at higher temperatures and pressures than first generation methods. Much of the equipment that has been tested has failed. The most difficult problems are in process control. The mechanics of three-phase flow are not fully understood. Companies participating in coal conversion projects are ordering duplicates of failure prone units. No real solutions to any of the significant problems in technology development have been developed in recent years.

Safety And Promotion in the Federal Aviation Administration- Enabling Safe and Successful Commercial Space Transportation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Repcheck, Randall J.

2010-09-01

The United States Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation(AST) authorizes the launch and reentry of expendable and reusable launch vehicles and the operation of launch and reentry sites by United States citizens or within the United States. It authorizes these activities consistent with public health and safety, the safety of property, and the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States. In addition to its safety role, AST has the role to encourage, facilitate, and promote commercial space launches and reentries by the private sector. AST’s promotional role includes, among other things, the development of information of interest to industry, the sharing of information of interest through a variety of methods, and serving as an advocate for Commercial Space Transportation within the United States government. This dual safety and promotion role is viewed by some as conflicting. AST views these two roles as complementary, and important for the current state of commercial space transportation. This paper discusses how maintaining a sound safety decision-making process, maintaining a strong safety culture, and taking steps to avoid complacency can together enable safe and successful commercial space transportation.

A Quantitative Reliability, Maintainability and Supportability Approach for NASA's Second Generation Reusable Launch Vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Safie, Fayssal M.; Daniel, Charles; Kalia, Prince; Smith, Charles A. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

The United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is in the midst of a 10-year Second Generation Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) program to improve its space transportation capabilities for both cargo and crewed missions. The objectives of the program are to: significantly increase safety and reliability, reduce the cost of accessing low-earth orbit, attempt to leverage commercial launch capabilities, and provide a growth path for manned space exploration. The safety, reliability and life cycle cost of the next generation vehicles are major concerns, and NASA aims to achieve orders of magnitude improvement in these areas. To get these significant improvements, requires a rigorous process that addresses Reliability, Maintainability and Supportability (RMS) and safety through all the phases of the life cycle of the program. This paper discusses the RMS process being implemented for the Second Generation RLV program.

The Oregon State University wind studies. [economic feasibility of windpowered generators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, R. E.

1973-01-01

The economic feasibility of commercial use of wind generated power in selected areas of Oregon is assessed. A number of machines for generating power have been examined. These include the Savonius rotor, translators, conventional wind turbines, the circulation controlled rotor and the vertical axis winged turbine. Of these machines, the conventional wind turbine and the vertical axis winged turbine show the greatest promise on the basis of the power developed per unit of rotor blade area. Attention has been focused on the structural and fatigue analysis of rotors since the economics of rotary winged, wind generated power depends upon low cost, long lifetime rotors. Analysis of energy storage systems and tower design has also been undertaken. An economic means of energy storage has not been found to date. Tower design studies have produced cost estimates that are in general agreement with the cost of the updated Putnam 110-foot tower.

Cost analysis of DAWT innovative wind energy systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Foreman, K. M.

The results of a diffuser augmented wind turbine (DAWT) preliminary design study of three constructional material approaches and cost analysis of DAWT electrical energy generation are presented. Costs are estimated assuming a limited production run (100 to 500 units) of factory-built subassemblies and on-site final assembly and erection within 200 miles of regional production centers. It is concluded that with the DAWT the (busbar) cost of electricity (COE) can range between 2.0 and 3.5 cents/kW-hr for farm and REA cooperative end users, for sites with annual average wind speeds of 16 and 12 mph respectively, and 150 kW rated units. No tax credit incentives are included in these figures. For commercial end users of the same units and site characteristics, the COE ranges between 4.0 and 6.5 cents/kW-hr.

Compressed-air energy storage: Commercialization potential and EPRI roles in the commercialization process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boyd, D. W.; Buckley, O. E.; Clark, C. E.

1982-12-01

This report describes an assessment of potential roles that EPRI might take to facilitate the commercial acceptance of compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems. The assessment is based on (1) detailed analyses of the market potential of utility storage technologies, (2) interviews with representatives of key participants in the CAES market, and (3) a decision analysis synthesizing much of the information about market and technology status. The results indicate a large potential market for CAES systems if the overall business environment for utilities improves. In addition, it appears that EPRI can have a valuable incremental impact in ensuring that utilities realize the potential of CAES by (1) continuing an aggressive information dissemination and technology transfer program, (2) working to ensure the success of the first United States CAES installation at Soyland Power Cooperative, (3) developing planning methods to allow utilities to evaluate CAES and other storage options more effectively and more realistically, and (4) supporting R and D to resolve residual uncertainties in first-generation CAES cost and performance characteristics.

KSC-2014-3922

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-09-16

KSC-2014-3922 - CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Former astronaut Bob Cabana, center, director of NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, speaks at the start of the announcement ceremony to name the providers of the next generation of crewed American spacecraft. Speaking from Kennedy’s Press Site, Cabana detailed the importance of the development effort by the agency's Commercial Crew Program for United States space exploration ambitions and the economic potential of creating new markets in human space transportation. Boeing and SpaceX were awarded contracts to complete the design of the CST-100 and Crew Dragon spacecraft, respectively, and begin manufacturing for flight tests with a goal of achieving certification to take astronauts to the International Space Station by 2017. The Commercial Crew Transportation Capability CCtCap contract also covers the beginning of operational missions for these new spacecraft and their systems. NASA spokeswoman Stephanie Schierholz, from left, Charles Bolden, NASA administrator, Kathy Lueders, manager of the agency's Commercial Crew Program, and former International Space Station Commander Mike Fincke also took part in the announcement. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

78 FR 72585 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery; Commercial Quota Harvested...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-03

.... 111220786-1781-01] RIN 0648-XD004 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery...: NMFS announces that the 2013 summer flounder commercial quota allocated to the Commonwealth of Virginia has been harvested. Vessels issued a commercial Federal fisheries [[Page 72586

75 FR 13274 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-19

... Approval; Comment Request; NSPS for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units (Renewal... . Title: NSPS for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units (Renewal). ICR Numbers: EPA ICR.... Abstract: The New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste...

76 FR 18551 - Determination of Insufficient Assets To Satisfy Claims Against Financial Institution in Receivership

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-04

... Commercial Bank, San Francisco, California, to make any distribution to general unsecured claims, and... Receiver of United Commercial Bank, Attention: Claims Agent, 40 Pacifica, 8th Floor, Irvine, California 92618. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On November 6, 2009, United Commercial Bank, San Francisco, California...

Sodium monitoring in commercially processed and restaurant foods.

PubMed

Ahuja, Jaspreet K C; Pehrsson, Pamela R; Haytowitz, David B; Wasswa-Kintu, Shirley; Nickle, Melissa; Showell, Bethany; Thomas, Robin; Roseland, Janet; Williams, Juhi; Khan, Mona; Nguyen, Quynhanh; Hoy, Kathy; Martin, Carrie; Rhodes, Donna; Moshfegh, Alanna; Gillespie, Cathleen; Gunn, Janelle; Merritt, Robert; Cogswell, Mary

2015-03-01

Most sodium in the US diet comes from commercially processed and restaurant foods. Sodium reduction in these foods is key to several recent public health efforts. The objective was to provide an overview of a program led by the USDA, in partnership with other government agencies, to monitor sodium contents in commercially processed and restaurant foods in the United States. We also present comparisons of nutrients generated under the program to older data. We track ∼125 commercially processed and restaurant food items ("sentinel foods") annually using information from food manufacturers and periodically by nationwide sampling and laboratory analyses. In addition, we monitor >1100 other commercially processed and restaurant food items, termed "priority-2 foods" (P2Fs) biennially by using information from food manufacturers. These foods serve as indicators for assessing changes in the sodium content of commercially processed and restaurant foods in the United States. We sampled all sentinel foods nationwide and reviewed all P2Fs in 2010-2013 to determine baseline sodium concentrations. We updated sodium values for 73 sentinel foods and 551 P2Fs in the USDA's National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (releases 23-26). Sodium values changed by at least 10% for 43 of the sentinel foods, which, for 31 foods, including commonly consumed foods such as bread, tomato catsup, and potato chips, the newer sodium values were lower. Changes in the concentrations of related nutrients (total and saturated fat, total sugar, potassium, or dietary fiber) that were recommended by the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans for reduced or increased consumption accompanied sodium reduction. The results of sodium reduction efforts, based on resampling of the sentinel foods or re-review of P2Fs, will become available beginning in 2015. This monitoring program tracks sodium reduction efforts, improves food composition databases, and strengthens national nutrition monitoring. © 2015 American Society for Nutrition.

Sodium monitoring in commercially processed and restaurant foods

PubMed Central

Ahuja, Jaspreet KC; Pehrsson, Pamela R; Haytowitz, David B; Wasswa-Kintu, Shirley; Nickle, Melissa; Showell, Bethany; Thomas, Robin; Roseland, Janet; Williams, Juhi; Khan, Mona; Nguyen, Quynhanh; Hoy, Kathy; Martin, Carrie; Rhodes, Donna; Moshfegh, Alanna; Gillespie, Cathleen; Gunn, Janelle; Merritt, Robert; Cogswell, Mary

2015-01-01

Background Most sodium in the US diet comes from commercially processed and restaurant foods. Sodium reduction in these foods is key to several recent public health efforts. Objective The objective was to provide an overview of a program led by the USDA, in partnership with other government agencies, to monitor sodium contents in commercially processed and restaurant foods in the United States. We also present comparisons of nutrients generated under the program to older data. Design We track ∼125 commercially processed and restaurant food items (“sentinel foods”) annually using information from food manufacturers and periodically by nationwide sampling and laboratory analyses. In addition, we monitor >1100 other commercially processed and restaurant food items, termed “priority-2 foods” (P2Fs) biennially by using information from food manufacturers. These foods serve as indicators for assessing changes in the sodium content of commercially processed and restaurant foods in the United States. We sampled all sentinel foods nationwide and reviewed all P2Fs in 2010–2013 to determine baseline sodium concentrations. Results We updated sodium values for 73 sentinel foods and 551 P2Fs in the USDA’s National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (releases 23–26). Sodium values changed by at least 10% for 43 of the sentinel foods, which, for 31 foods, including commonly consumed foods such as bread, tomato catsup, and potato chips, the newer sodium values were lower. Changes in the concentrations of related nutrients (total and saturated fat, total sugar, potassium, or dietary fiber) that were recommended by the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans for reduced or increased consumption accompanied sodium reduction. The results of sodium reduction efforts, based on resampling of the sentinel foods or re-review of P2Fs, will become available beginning in 2015. Conclusion This monitoring program tracks sodium reduction efforts, improves food composition databases, and strengthens national nutrition monitoring. PMID:25733648

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Leach, Richard; LoGrasso, Joseph; Monterosso, Sandra

The objective of this project was to develop Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) advanced propulsion technology and demonstrate a fleet of 146 Volt EREVs to gather data on vehicle performance and infrastructure to understand the impacts on commercialization while also creating or retaining a significant number of jobs in the United States. This objective was achieved by developing and demonstrating EREVs in real world conditions with customers in several diverse locations across the United States and installing, demonstration and testing charging infrastructure while also continuing development on second generation EREV technology. The project completed the development of the Chevrolet Voltmore » and placed the vehicle in the hands of consumers in diverse locations across the United States. This demonstration leveraged the unique telematics platform of OnStar, standard on all Chevrolet Volts, to capture the operating experience that lead to better understanding of customer usage. The project team included utility partners that installed, demonstrated and tested charging infrastructure located in home, workplace and public locations to understand installation issues, customer usage and interaction with the electric grid. Development and demonstration of advanced technologies such as smart charging, fast charging and battery to grid interface were completed. The recipient collected, analyzed and reported the data generated by the demonstration. The recipient also continued to advance the technology of the Chevrolet Volt technology by developing energy storage system enhancements for the next-generation vehicle. Information gathered from the first generation vehicle will be utilized to refine the technology to reduce cost and mass while also increasing energy storage capacity to enhance adoption of the second generation technology into the marketplace. The launch of the first generation Chevrolet Volt will provide additional opportunities to further enhance the RESS (Rechargeable Energy Storage System) with each additional generation. Lessons learned from the launch of the first generation RESS will be demonstrated in the second generation to enhance adoption into the marketplace.« less

Fair Oaks Dairy Farms Cellulosic Ethanol Technology Review Summary

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Andrew Wold; Robert Divers

2011-06-23

At Fair Oaks Dairy, dried manure solids (''DMS'') are currently used as a low value compost. United Power was engaged to evaluate the feasibility of processing these DMS into ethanol utilizing commercially available cellulosic biofuels conversion platforms. The Fair Oaks Dairy group is transitioning their traditional ''manure to methane'' mesophilic anaerobic digester platform to an integrated bio-refinery centered upon thermophilic digestion. Presently, the Digested Manure Solids (DMS) are used as a low value soil amendment (compost). United Power evaluated the feasibility of processing DMS into higher value ethanol utilizing commercially available cellulosic biofuels conversion platforms. DMS was analyzed and overmore » 100 potential technology providers were reviewed and evaluated. DMS contains enough carbon to be suitable as a biomass feedstock for conversion into ethanol by gasification technology, or as part of a conversion process that would include combined heat and power. In the first process, 100% of the feedstock is converted into ethanol. In the second process, the feedstock is combusted to provide heat to generate electrical power supporting other processes. Of the 100 technology vendors evaluated, a short list of nine technology providers was developed. From this, two vendors were selected as finalists (one was an enzymatic platform and one was a gasification platform). Their selection was based upon the technical feasibility of their systems, engineering expertise, experience in commercial or pilot scale operations, the ability or willingness to integrate the system into the Fair Oaks Biorefinery, the know-how or experience in producing bio-ethanol, and a clear path to commercial development.« less

Multi-gigabit optical interconnects for next-generation on-board digital equipment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Venet, Norbert; Favaro, Henri; Sotom, Michel; Maignan, Michel; Berthon, Jacques

2017-11-01

Parallel optical interconnects are experimentally assessed as a technology that may offer the high-throughput data communication capabilities required to the next-generation on-board digital processing units. An optical backplane interconnect was breadboarded, on the basis of a digital transparent processor that provides flexible connectivity and variable bandwidth in telecom missions with multi-beam antenna coverage. The unit selected for the demonstration required that more than tens of Gbit/s be supported by the backplane. The demonstration made use of commercial parallel optical link modules at 850 nm wavelength, with 12 channels running at up to 2.5 Gbit/s. A flexible optical fibre circuit was developed so as to route board-to-board connections. It was plugged to the optical transmitter and receiver modules through 12-fibre MPO connectors. BER below 10-14 and optical link budgets in excess of 12 dB were measured, which would enable to integrate broadcasting. Integration of the optical backplane interconnect was successfully demonstrated by validating the overall digital processor functionality.

Multi-gigabit optical interconnects for next-generation on-board digital equipment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Venet, Norbert; Favaro, Henri; Sotom, Michel; Maignan, Michel; Berthon, Jacques

2004-06-01

Parallel optical interconnects are experimentally assessed as a technology that may offer the high-throughput data communication capabilities required to the next-generation on-board digital processing units. An optical backplane interconnect was breadboarded, on the basis of a digital transparent processor that provides flexible connectivity and variable bandwidth in telecom missions with multi-beam antenna coverage. The unit selected for the demonstration required that more than tens of Gbit/s be supported by the backplane. The demonstration made use of commercial parallel optical link modules at 850 nm wavelength, with 12 channels running at up to 2.5 Gbit/s. A flexible optical fibre circuit was developed so as to route board-to-board connections. It was plugged to the optical transmitter and receiver modules through 12-fibre MPO connectors. BER below 10-14 and optical link budgets in excess of 12 dB were measured, which would enable to integrate broadcasting. Integration of the optical backplane interconnect was successfully demonstrated by validating the overall digital processor functionality.

Assessing Smart Phones for Generating Life-space Indicators.

PubMed

Wan, Neng; Qu, Wenyu; Whittington, Jackie; Witbrodt, Bradley C; Henderson, Mary Pearl; Goulding, Evan H; Schenk, A Katrin; Bonasera, Stephen J; Lin, Ge

2013-04-01

Life-space is a promising method for estimating older adults' functional status. However, traditional life-space measures are costly and time consuming because they often rely on active subject participation. This study assesses the feasibility of using the global positioning system (GPS) function of smart phones to generate life-space indicators. We first evaluated the location accuracy of smart phone collected GPS points versus those acquired by a commercial GPS unit. We then assessed the specificity of the smart phone processed life-space information against the traditional diary method. Our results suggested comparable location accuracy between the smart phone and the standard GPS unit in most outdoor situations. In addition, the smart phone method revealed more comprehensive life-space information than the diary method, which leads to higher and more consistent life-space scores. We conclude that the smart phone method is more reliable than traditional methods for measuring life-space. Further improvements will be required to develop a robust application of this method that is suitable for health-related practices.

Fisheries conservation on the high seas: linking conservation physiology and fisheries ecology for the management of large pelagic fishes

PubMed Central

Horodysky, Andrij Z.; Cooke, Steven J.; Graves, John E.; Brill, Richard W.

2016-01-01

Populations of tunas, billfishes and pelagic sharks are fished at or over capacity in many regions of the world. They are captured by directed commercial and recreational fisheries (the latter of which often promote catch and release) or as incidental catch or bycatch in commercial fisheries. Population assessments of pelagic fishes typically incorporate catch-per-unit-effort time-series data from commercial and recreational fisheries; however, there have been notable changes in target species, areas fished and depth-specific gear deployments over the years that may have affected catchability. Some regional fisheries management organizations take into account the effects of time- and area-specific changes in the behaviours of fish and fishers, as well as fishing gear, to standardize catch-per-unit-effort indices and refine population estimates. However, estimates of changes in stock size over time may be very sensitive to underlying assumptions of the effects of oceanographic conditions and prey distribution on the horizontal and vertical movement patterns and distribution of pelagic fishes. Effective management and successful conservation of pelagic fishes requires a mechanistic understanding of their physiological and behavioural responses to environmental variability, potential for interaction with commercial and recreational fishing gear, and the capture process. The interdisciplinary field of conservation physiology can provide insights into pelagic fish demography and ecology (including environmental relationships and interspecific interactions) by uniting the complementary expertise and skills of fish physiologists and fisheries scientists. The iterative testing by one discipline of hypotheses generated by the other can span the fundamental–applied science continuum, leading to the development of robust insights supporting informed management. The resulting species-specific understanding of physiological abilities and tolerances can help to improve stock assessments, develop effective bycatch-reduction strategies, predict rates of post-release mortality, and forecast the population effects of environmental change. In this synthesis, we review several examples of these interdisciplinary collaborations that currently benefit pelagic fisheries management. PMID:27382467

A Profile of Independent Local Radio (Commercial Radio in Great Britain).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sidel, M. Kent

Commercial and noncommercial radio in the United States and Great Britain have followed opposite paths of development. Unlike the United States, where commercial radio was the historical cornerstone of the broadcasting system, the Independent Local Radio (ILR) of Britain is the newcomer into an environment heavy with the heritage of the…

77 FR 17105 - Commercial Driver's License (CDL) Standards; Rotel North American Tours, LLC; Application for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-23

..., possessing German CDLs, to operate commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) in the United States without a CDL issued... renewal of its current exemption permitting 22 named drivers, employed by Rotel and possessing German CDLs..., Tittling) and possessing German CDLs, to operate commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) in the United States...

78 FR 76766 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery; Commercial Quota Harvested...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-19

.... 111220786-1781-01] RIN 0648-XD030 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery...: NMFS announces that the 2013 summer flounder commercial quota allocated to the State of New Jersey has been harvested. Vessels issued a commercial Federal fisheries permit for the summer flounder fishery...

77 FR 64239 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery; Commercial Quota Harvested...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-19

.... 111220786-1781-01] RIN 0648-XC294 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery...: NMFS announces that the 2012 summer flounder commercial quota allocated to the State of New York has been harvested. Vessels issued a commercial Federal fisheries permit for the summer flounder fishery...

77 FR 75569 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery; Commercial Quota Harvested...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-21

.... 111220786-1781-01] RIN 0648-XC404 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery...: NMFS announces that the 2012 summer flounder commercial quota allocated to the State of New Jersey has been harvested. Vessels issued a commercial Federal fisheries permit for the summer flounder fishery...

78 FR 59626 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery; Commercial Quota Harvested...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-27

.... 111220786-1781-01] RIN 0648-XC878 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery...: NMFS announces that the 2013 summer flounder commercial quota allocated to the State of New York has been harvested. Vessels issued a commercial Federal fisheries permit for the summer flounder fishery...

78 FR 70890 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery; Commercial Quota Harvested...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-27

.... 111220786-1781-01] RIN 0648-XC998 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery...: NMFS announces that the 2013 summer flounder commercial quota allocated to the State of New Jersey has been harvested. Vessels issued a commercial Federal fisheries permit for the summer flounder fishery...

40 CFR 62.4670 - Identification of sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.4670 Identification of sources. The plan applies to the following existing commercial and industrial solid waste incineration units: (a...

40 CFR 62.9190 - Identification of sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.9190 Identification of sources. (a) The plan applies to the following existing commercial and industrial solid waste incineration units...

40 CFR 62.4670 - Identification of sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.4670 Identification of sources. The plan applies to the following existing commercial and industrial solid waste incineration units: (a...

40 CFR 62.9190 - Identification of sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.9190 Identification of sources. (a) The plan applies to the following existing commercial and industrial solid waste incineration units...

16 CFR 1509.4 - Spacing of unit components.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Spacing of unit components. 1509.4 Section 1509.4 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION FEDERAL HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ACT REGULATIONS REQUIREMENTS FOR NON-FULL-SIZE BABY CRIBS § 1509.4 Spacing of unit components. (a) Uniformly...

An adaptive random search for short term generation scheduling with network constraints.

PubMed

Marmolejo, J A; Velasco, Jonás; Selley, Héctor J

2017-01-01

This paper presents an adaptive random search approach to address a short term generation scheduling with network constraints, which determines the startup and shutdown schedules of thermal units over a given planning horizon. In this model, we consider the transmission network through capacity limits and line losses. The mathematical model is stated in the form of a Mixed Integer Non Linear Problem with binary variables. The proposed heuristic is a population-based method that generates a set of new potential solutions via a random search strategy. The random search is based on the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. The main key of the proposed method is that the noise level of the random search is adaptively controlled in order to exploring and exploiting the entire search space. In order to improve the solutions, we consider coupling a local search into random search process. Several test systems are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed heuristic. We use a commercial optimizer to compare the quality of the solutions provided by the proposed method. The solution of the proposed algorithm showed a significant reduction in computational effort with respect to the full-scale outer approximation commercial solver. Numerical results show the potential and robustness of our approach.

43 CFR 3211.18 - What is the royalty rate on geothermal resources produced from or attributable to my lease that...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... commercial generation of electricity? 3211.18 Section 3211.18 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to... directly for purposes other than commercial generation of electricity? (a) For leases issued on or after... purposes other than commercial generation of electricity, your royalty rate is 10 percent. You must apply...

43 CFR 3211.18 - What is the royalty rate on geothermal resources produced from or attributable to my lease that...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... commercial generation of electricity? 3211.18 Section 3211.18 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to... directly for purposes other than commercial generation of electricity? (a) For leases issued on or after... purposes other than commercial generation of electricity, your royalty rate is 10 percent. You must apply...

43 CFR 3211.18 - What is the royalty rate on geothermal resources produced from or attributable to my lease that...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... commercial generation of electricity? 3211.18 Section 3211.18 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to... directly for purposes other than commercial generation of electricity? (a) For leases issued on or after... purposes other than commercial generation of electricity, your royalty rate is 10 percent. You must apply...

Condensate polisher prefiltration study for Laguna Verde Station

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Garcia, A.; Oyen, L.C.; Nelson, R.A.

1995-05-01

This paper describes an analysis of the iron and copper in the condensate and the technical and economic assessment of the installation of condensate polisher prefilters in Comision Federal de Electricidad`s Laguna Verde Nuclear Generating Station (LVNGS) north of Veracruz, Mexico. LVNGS is a 654 MWe General Electric BWR plant; Unit 1 has been in commercial operation since July, 1990, and Unit 2 is scheduled to become operational in June, 1995. The primary purpose of this study was to (1) analyze the high iron and copper concentrations in the condensate and feedwater, (2) identify, assess, and evaluate techniques to reducemore » the iron and copper concentrations, and (3) perform a cost-benefit analysis of the installation of implementing the appropriate techniques.« less

Silicon-Carbide Power MOSFET Performance in High Efficiency Boost Power Processing Unit for Extreme Environments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ikpe, Stanley A.; Lauenstein, Jean-Marie; Carr, Gregory A.; Hunter, Don; Ludwig, Lawrence L.; Wood, William; Del Castillo, Linda Y.; Fitzpatrick, Fred; Chen, Yuan

2016-01-01

Silicon-Carbide device technology has generated much interest in recent years. With superior thermal performance, power ratings and potential switching frequencies over its Silicon counterpart, Silicon-Carbide offers a greater possibility for high powered switching applications in extreme environment. In particular, Silicon-Carbide Metal-Oxide- Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors' (MOSFETs) maturing process technology has produced a plethora of commercially available power dense, low on-state resistance devices capable of switching at high frequencies. A novel hard-switched power processing unit (PPU) is implemented utilizing Silicon-Carbide power devices. Accelerated life data is captured and assessed in conjunction with a damage accumulation model of gate oxide and drain-source junction lifetime to evaluate potential system performance at high temperature environments.

Model Curriculum for Commercial Driving Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale. Safety Center.

Eight units of study, each divided into three or four episodes, make up this Illinois driver's education curriculum for commercial schools. Each unit contains behavioral objectives for the unit and for the individual episodes, each of which is broken down into sub-objectives with corresponding content information or tasks to be performed. The…

Breakeven Prices for Photovoltaics on Supermarkets in the United States

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ong, S.; Clark, N.; Denholm, P.

The photovoltaic (PV) breakeven price is the PV system price at which the cost of PV-generated electricity equals the cost of electricity purchased from the grid. This point is also called 'grid parity' and can be expressed as dollars per watt ($/W) of installed PV system capacity. Achieving the PV breakeven price depends on many factors, including the solar resource, local electricity prices, customer load profile, PV incentives, and financing. In the United States, where these factors vary substantially across regions, breakeven prices vary substantially across regions as well. In this study, we estimate current and future breakeven prices formore » PV systems installed on supermarkets in the United States. We also evaluate key drivers of current and future commercial PV breakeven prices by region. The results suggest that breakeven prices for PV systems installed on supermarkets vary significantly across the United States. Non-technical factors -- including electricity rates, rate structures, incentives, and the availability of system financing -- drive break-even prices more than technical factors like solar resource or system orientation. In 2020 (where we assume higher electricity prices and lower PV incentives), under base-case assumptions, we estimate that about 17% of supermarkets will be in utility territories where breakeven conditions exist at a PV system price of $3/W; this increases to 79% at $1.25/W (the DOE SunShot Initiative's commercial PV price target for 2020). These percentages increase to 26% and 91%, respectively, when rate structures favorable to PV are used.« less

An Atlas of Nuclear Energy. A Non-Technical World Portrait of Commercial Nuclear Energy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ball, John M.

This atlas is a nontechnical presentation of the geography and history of world commercial nuclear power with particular emphasis on the United States. Neither pro- nor antinuclear, it presents commercial nuclear power data in a series of specially prepared, easily read maps, tables, and text. The first section (United States) includes information…

19 CFR 10.179 - Canadian crude petroleum subject to a commercial exchange agreement between United States and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Canadian crude petroleum subject to a commercial... CONDITIONALLY FREE, SUBJECT TO A REDUCED RATE, ETC. General Provisions Canadian Crude Petroleum § 10.179 Canadian crude petroleum subject to a commercial exchange agreement between United States and Canadian...

19 CFR 10.179 - Canadian crude petroleum subject to a commercial exchange agreement between United States and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Canadian crude petroleum subject to a commercial... CONDITIONALLY FREE, SUBJECT TO A REDUCED RATE, ETC. General Provisions Canadian Crude Petroleum § 10.179 Canadian crude petroleum subject to a commercial exchange agreement between United States and Canadian...

30 CFR 1206.352 - How do I calculate the royalty due on geothermal resources used for commercial production or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... geothermal resources used for commercial production or generation of electricity? 1206.352 Section 1206.352... resources used for commercial production or generation of electricity? (a) If you sold geothermal resources produced from a Class I, II, or III lease at arm's length that the purchaser uses to generate electricity...

30 CFR 206.352 - How do I calculate the royalty due on geothermal resources used for commercial production or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... geothermal resources used for commercial production or generation of electricity? 206.352 Section 206.352... resources used for commercial production or generation of electricity? (a) If you sold geothermal resources produced from a Class I, II, or III lease at arm's length that the purchaser uses to generate electricity...

30 CFR 1206.352 - How do I calculate the royalty due on geothermal resources used for commercial production or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... geothermal resources used for commercial production or generation of electricity? 1206.352 Section 1206.352... resources used for commercial production or generation of electricity? (a) If you sold geothermal resources produced from a Class I, II, or III lease at arm's length that the purchaser uses to generate electricity...

30 CFR 1206.352 - How do I calculate the royalty due on geothermal resources used for commercial production or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... geothermal resources used for commercial production or generation of electricity? 1206.352 Section 1206.352... resources used for commercial production or generation of electricity? (a) If you sold geothermal resources produced from a Class I, II, or III lease at arm's length that the purchaser uses to generate electricity...

NREL Offshore Balance-of-System Model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maness, Michael; Maples, Benjamin; Smith, Aaron

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has investigated the potential for 20% of nationwide electricity demand to be generated from wind by 2030 and, more recently, 35% by 2050. Achieving this level of wind power generation may require the development and deployment of offshore wind technologies. DOE (2008) has indicated that reaching these 2030 and 2050 scenarios could result in approximately 10% and 20%, respectively, of wind energy generation to come from offshore resources. By the end of 2013, 6.5 gigawatts of offshore wind were installed globally. The first U.S. project, the Block Island Wind Farm off the coast ofmore » Rhode Island, has recently begun operations. One of the major reasons that offshore wind development in the United States is lagging behind global trends is the high capital expenditures required. An understanding of the costs and associated drivers of building a commercial-scale offshore wind plant in the United States will inform future research and help U.S. investors feel more confident in offshore wind development. In an effort to explain these costs, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory has developed the Offshore Balance-of-System model.« less

System for operating solid oxide fuel cell generator on diesel fuel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Singh, Prabhu (Inventor); George, Raymond A. (Inventor)

1997-01-01

A system is provided for operating a solid oxide fuel cell generator on diesel fuel. The system includes a hydrodesulfurizer which reduces the sulfur content of commercial and military grade diesel fuel to an acceptable level. Hydrogen which has been previously separated from the process stream is mixed with diesel fuel at low pressure. The diesel/hydrogen mixture is then pressurized and introduced into the hydrodesulfurizer. The hydrodesulfurizer comprises a metal oxide such as ZnO which reacts with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of a metal catalyst to form a metal sulfide and water. After desulfurization, the diesel fuel is reformed and delivered to a hydrogen separator which removes most of the hydrogen from the reformed fuel prior to introduction into a solid oxide fuel cell generator. The separated hydrogen is then selectively delivered to the diesel/hydrogen mixer or to a hydrogen storage unit. The hydrogen storage unit preferably comprises a metal hydride which stores hydrogen in solid form at low pressure. Hydrogen may be discharged from the metal hydride to the diesel/hydrogen mixture at low pressure upon demand, particularly during start-up and shut-down of the system.

Water quality monitor (EMPAX instrument)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kelliher, Warren C.; Clark, Ben; Thornton, Mike

1991-01-01

The impetus of the Viking Mission to Mars led to the first miniaturization of a X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRFS). Two units were flown on the Viking Mission and successfully operated for two years analyzing the elemental composition of the Martian soil. Under a Bureau of Mines/NASA Technology Utilization project, this XRFS design was utilized to produce a battery powered, portable unit for elemental analysis of geological samples. This paper will detail design improvements and additional sampling capabilities that were incorporated into a second generation portable XRFS that was funded by the EPA/NASA Technology Utilization project. The unit, Environment Monitoring with Portable Analysis by X-ray (EMPAX), was developed specifically for quantitative determination of the need of EPA and and any industry affected by environmental concerns, the EMPAX fulfills a critical need to provide on-site, real-time analysis of toxic metal contamination. A patent was issued on EMPAX, but a commercial manufacturer is still being sought.

40 CFR 62.2155 - Identification of plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... District of Columbia Emissions from Existing Commercial/industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.2155... commercial/industrial solid waste incineration units within the District of Columbia that are subject to 40...

40 CFR 62.14500 - What is the purpose of this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Federal Plan Requirements for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units That Commenced... from commercial and industrial solid waste incineration (CISWI) units that are not covered by an EPA...

40 CFR 62.2155 - Identification of plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... District of Columbia Emissions from Existing Commercial/industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.2155... commercial/industrial solid waste incineration units within the District of Columbia that are subject to 40...

40 CFR 62.14500 - What is the purpose of this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Federal Plan Requirements for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units That Commenced... from commercial and industrial solid waste incineration (CISWI) units that are not covered by an EPA...

Environmental Testing of Tritium-Phosphor Glass Vials for Use in Long-Life Radioisotope Power Conversion Units

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zemcov, Michael; Cardona, Pedro; Parkus, James; Patru, Dorin; Yost, Valerie

2017-01-01

Power generation in extreme environments, such as the outer solar system, the night side of planets, or other low-illumination environments, currently presents a technology gap that challenges NASA's ambitious scientific goals. We are developing a radioisotope power cell (RPC) that utilizes commercially available tritium light sources and standard 1.85 eV InGaP2 photovoltaic cells to convert beta particle energy to electric energy. In the test program described here, we perform environmental tests on commercially available borosilicate glass vials internally coated with a ZnS luminescent phosphor that are designed to contain gaseous tritium in our proposed power source. Such testing is necessary to ensure that the glass containing the radioactive tritium is capable of withstanding the extreme environments of launch and space for extended periods of time.

KSC-2014-3927

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-09-16

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Former astronaut Bob Cabana, director of NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, speaks at the start of the announcement ceremony to name the providers of the next generation of crewed American spacecraft. Speaking from Kennedy’s Press Site, Cabana detailed the importance of the development effort by the agency's Commercial Crew Program for United States space exploration ambitions and the economic potential of creating new markets in human space transportation. Boeing and SpaceX were awarded contracts to complete the design of the CST-100 and Crew Dragon spacecraft, respectively, and begin manufacturing for flight tests with a goal of achieving certification to take astronauts to the International Space Station by 2017. The Commercial Crew Transportation Capability CCtCap contract also covers the beginning of operational missions for these new spacecraft and their systems. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

Gas engine heat recovery unit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kubasco, A. J.

1991-07-01

The objective of Gas Engine Heat Recovery Unit was to design, fabricate, and test an efficient, compact, and corrosion resistant heat recovery unit (HRU) for use on exhaust of natural gas-fired reciprocating engine-generator sets in the 50-500 kW range. The HRU would be a core component of a factory pre-packaged cogeneration system designed around component optimization, reliability, and efficiency. The HRU uses finned high alloy, stainless steel tubing wound into a compact helical coil heat exchanger. The corrosion resistance of the tubing allows more heat to be taken from the exhaust gas without fear of the effects of acid condensation. One HRU is currently installed in a cogeneration system at the Henry Ford Hospital Complex in Dearborn, Michigan. A second unit underwent successful endurance testing for 850 hours. The plan was to commercialize the HRU through its incorporation into a Caterpillar pre-packaged cogeneration system. Caterpillar is not proceeding with the concept at this time because of a downturn in the small size cogeneration market.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Baone, Chaitanya; Acharya, Naresh; Wiegman, Herman

As microgrid installations are steadily growing in the United States and around the world, widespread adoption of commercial microgrids would rely upon the economic benefit to the owners and operators. With the introduction of new market mechanisms and growing penetration of non-traditional generation assets, there is an increasing need and interest in allowing distributed assets to participate in traditional grid services such as frequency regulation. This paper considers the problem of determining the optimal balance of energy and ancillary services for individual microgrid generation assets to participate in such markets. An optimization framework that maximizes the predicted performance of themore » microgrid over a day-ahead time horizon while accounting for individual asset constraints is proposed. Simulation results on a realistic test system with practical considerations are presented.« less

TPV power source development for an unmanned undersea vehicle

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Holmquist, G.A.

The thermophotovoltaic (TPV) generation of electrical power promises efficiencies that are exploitable for military and commercial applications. TPV offers a combination of unique characteristics as a power source for military Unmanned Undersea Vehicles. In civilian applications TPV technology offers the potential for lightweight, rugged, and reliable power systems that can be environmentally benign. These systems can use a variety of fuels and can be scaled up in size. TPV is truly a dual use technology in which the United States appears to have a technical lead. The focus of the current Quantum program is the maturation of the technology andmore » the demonstration of a 10 kilowatt generator. Preliminary results of this project are presented.« less

Road network - land use interaction model: Malang City in Indonesian case

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Waloejo, B. S.

2017-06-01

Urban population in Indonesia is significantly increasing from 44% of total population in 2002 to approximately 60% in 2015. Rapid population growth has resulted in rapid urban land use changes. The problems became more complicated since the changes created mixed use development along the main urban corridors that resulted in higher trip generation and attraction while urban land very limited that made road widening and creation of new road less possible. This led to an accumulation of movement, worse road’s level of service and congestion in the main urban corridor. The aims of the research are to analyse trip generation/attraction of the mixed- land uses of the main corridors Malang City; and to formulate road network - land use interaction model in the case of Malang (a nearly 1 million population city in 2015). The selected corridors in Malang City a main road in the west district of Malang City - Indonesia. Correlational method (Pearson Product Moment) and regression method (stepwise, anova for land use’s trip generation/attraction), and analysis of road’s level of service (LOS), using Indonesian Road Capacity Manual, are employed in this research. The research formulated the interaction model as: \\begin{eqnarray}\\begin{array}{lll}{V}{total} & = & \\displaystyle \\sum {V}{internal}+\\displaystyle \\sum {V}{external} {Where}\\ \\displaystyle \\sum {V}{internal} & = & {e}{residential}{Y}{residential}+{e}{schools}{Y}{schools}+{e}{unis}{Y}{unis}+{e}{offices}{Y}{offices}+{e}{hospital}{Y}{hospital}+{e}{chemists}{Y}{chemists}+{e}{commercial}{Y}{commercial}+{e}{market}{Y}{market}+{e}{fuel {station}}{Y}{fuel {station}}+{e}{bus {station}}{Y}{bus {station}} {and}\\ \\displaystyle \\sum {V}{external} & = & \\displaystyle \\sum {V}{local {roads}}+{V}{continous {traffic} {flow}}\\end{array}\\end{eqnarray} The research showed that V_total=23,033 car unit/day (internal) + 32,746 car unit/day (external) = 55,779 car unit/day. The trip higher than the road’s capacity (C) which 40.695 car unit/day. The levels of services of road’s segments dominantly F (congested). The simulation of the model showed that traffic engineering can be used to increase road’s capacity while land use changes (reduction of the variety of mixed land uses), particularly mix land uses at frontage area, can improve level of services (from F to C).

Expanded interleaved solid-state memory for a wide bandwidth transient waveform recorder

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thomas, R. M., Jr.

1980-01-01

An interleaved, solid state expanded memory for a 100 MHz bandwidth waveform recorder is described. The memory development resulted in a significant increase in the storage capacity of a commercially available recorder. The motivation for the memory expansion of the waveform recorder, which is used to support in-flight measurement of the electromagnetic characteristics of lightning discharges, was the need for a significantly longer data window than that provided by the commercially available unit. The expanded recorder provides a data window that is 128 times longer than the commercial unit, while maintaining the same time resolution, by increasing the storage capacity from 1024 to 131 072 data samples. The expanded unit operates at sample periods as small as 10 ns. Sampling once every 10 ns, the commercial unit records for about 10 microseconds before the memory is filled, whereas, the expanded unit records for about 1300 microseconds. A photo of the expanded waveform recorder is shown.

10 CFR 431.135 - Units to be tested.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... EQUIPMENT Automatic Commercial Ice Makers Test Procedures § 431.135 Units to be tested. For each basic model of automatic commercial ice maker selected for testing, a sample of sufficient size shall be selected...

A Study on the Commercialization of Space-Based Remote Sensing in the Twenty-First Century and Its Implications to United States National Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

Remote sensing from space provides critical data for many commercial space applications. Due to global market demand, it has undergone tremendous...commercial space imaging capability in the future, remote sensing policy makers, systems engineers, and industry analysts must be aware of the implications to United States National Security....available dissemination and accessibility. The analysis results, together with the findings from a review of commercial programs, initiatives, and remote

Technical Development Path for Gas Foil Bearings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dellacorte, Christopher

2016-01-01

Foil gas bearings are in widespread commercial use in air cycle machines, turbocompressors and microturbine generators and are emerging in more challenging applications such as turbochargers, auxiliary power units and propulsion gas turbines. Though not well known, foil bearing technology is well over fifty years old. Recent technological developments indicate that their full potential has yet to be realized. This paper investigates the key technological developments that have characterized foil bearing advances. It is expected that a better understanding of foil gas bearing development path will aid in future development and progress towards more advanced applications.

The design of an aerosol test tunnel for occupational hygiene investigations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blackford, D. B.; Heighington, K.

An aerosol test tunnel which provides large working sections is described and its performance evaluated. Air movement within the tunnel is achieved with a powerful D.C. motor and centrifugal fan. Test dusts are dispersed and injected into the tunnel by means of an aerosol generator. A unique divertor valve allows aerosol laden air to be either cleaned by a commercial pulse jet filtration unit or recycled around the tunnel to obtain a high aerosol concentration. The tunnel instrumentation is managed by a microcomputer which automatically controls the airspeed and aerosol concentration.

Biological and ecological science for Michigan—The Great Lakes State

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

2018-04-04

Michigan is rich in lakes, rivers, dune and rocky shorelines, forests, fish and wildlife, and has the longest freshwater coastline in the United States, 3,224 miles. Many enterprises critical to Michigan’s economy and cultural heritage are based on natural resources including commercial and sport fishing, hunting, and other outdoor recreation. Overall, outdoor recreation is enjoyed by more than 63 percent of Michigan residents, and has been estimated to generate $18.7 billion in consumer spending, create 194,000 jobs, and raise $1.4 billion in State and local tax revenue annually.

A review of oscillating water columns.

PubMed

Heath, T V

2012-01-28

This paper considers the history of oscillating water column (OWC) systems from whistling buoys to grid-connected power generation systems. The power conversion from the wave resource through to electricity via pneumatic and shaft power is discussed in general terms and with specific reference to Voith Hydro Wavegen's land installed marine energy transformer (LIMPET) plant on the Scottish island of Islay and OWC breakwater systems. A report on the progress of other OWC systems and power take-off units under commercial development is given, and the particular challenges faced by OWC developers reviewed.

1 ATM subcooled liquid nitrogen cryogenic system with GM-refrigerator for a HTS power transformer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoshida, S.; Ohashi, K.; Umeno, T.; Suzuki, Y.; Kamioka, Y.; Kimura, H.; Tsutsumi, K.; Iwakuma, M.; Funaki, K.; Bhono, T.; Yagi, Y.

2002-05-01

A subcooled liquid nitrogen cryogenic system with GM-refrigerators was developed. The system was operated successfully in a commercial distribution power grid for three consecutive weeks without additional liquid nitrogen supply. The system consists of two main units. One is a HTS transformer unit and the HTS transformer is installed in a G-FRP cryostat. The other one is a pump unit. The pump unit has a liquid nitrogen pump and two GM-refrigerators of 290 W at 64 K for 50 Hz operation in a stainless steel dewar. The refrigerator cold heads are immersed in liquid nitrogen and produce directly subcooled liquid nitrogen in the pump unit. Those two units are connected by transfer-tubes and 1 atmosphere (0.1 MPa) subcooled liquid nitrogen is circulated through the system. In the field test, the refrigerators were operated at 60 Hz and it took 12 hours to cool the transformer down to 70 K and 26 hours to 66 K. The refrigerator cold heads were controlled not to be below 64 K during operation. In spite of a heat generation by the HTS transformer, the subcooled liquid nitrogen temperature in the HTS transformer unit was kept lower than 68 K.

Shaping electromagnetic waves using software-automatically-designed metasurfaces.

PubMed

Zhang, Qian; Wan, Xiang; Liu, Shuo; Yuan Yin, Jia; Zhang, Lei; Jun Cui, Tie

2017-06-15

We present a fully digital procedure of designing reflective coding metasurfaces to shape reflected electromagnetic waves. The design procedure is completely automatic, controlled by a personal computer. In details, the macro coding units of metasurface are automatically divided into several types (e.g. two types for 1-bit coding, four types for 2-bit coding, etc.), and each type of the macro coding units is formed by discretely random arrangement of micro coding units. By combining an optimization algorithm and commercial electromagnetic software, the digital patterns of the macro coding units are optimized to possess constant phase difference for the reflected waves. The apertures of the designed reflective metasurfaces are formed by arranging the macro coding units with certain coding sequence. To experimentally verify the performance, a coding metasurface is fabricated by automatically designing two digital 1-bit unit cells, which are arranged in array to constitute a periodic coding metasurface to generate the required four-beam radiations with specific directions. Two complicated functional metasurfaces with circularly- and elliptically-shaped radiation beams are realized by automatically designing 4-bit macro coding units, showing excellent performance of the automatic designs by software. The proposed method provides a smart tool to realize various functional devices and systems automatically.

Decentralization in Indonesia: lessons from cost recovery rate of district hospitals.

PubMed

Maharani, Asri; Femina, Devi; Tampubolon, Gindo

2015-07-01

In 1991, Indonesia began a process of decentralization in the health sector which had implications for the country's public hospitals. The public hospitals were given greater authority to manage their own personnel, finance and procurement, with which they were allowed to operate commercial sections in addition to offering public services. These public services are subsidized by the government, although patients still pay certain proportion of fees. The main objectives of health sector decentralization are to increase the ability of public hospitals to cover their costs and to reduce government subsidies. This study investigates the consequences of decentralization on cost recovery rate of public hospitals at district level. We examine five service units (inpatient, outpatient, operating room, laboratory and radiology) in three public hospitals. We find that after 20 years of decentralization, district hospitals still depend on government subsidies, demonstrated by the fact that the cost recovery rate of most service units is less than one. The commercial sections fail to play their role as revenue generator as they are still subsidized by the government. We also find that the bulk of costs are made up of staff salaries and incentives in all units except radiology. As this study constitutes exploratory research, further investigation is needed to find out the reasons behind these results. Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine © The Author 2014; all rights reserved.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lewis, M.S.

The Barnwell Waste Management Facility (BWMF) is scheduled to restrict access to waste generators outside of the Atlantic Compact (SC, CT, NJ) on July 1, 2008. South Carolina, authorized under the Low-Level Waste Policy Act of 1980 and Amendments Act of 1985, and in agreement with the other Atlantic Compact states, will only accept Class A, B, and C low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) generated within compact. For many years, the BWMF has been the only LLRW disposal facility to accept Class B and C waste from LLRW generators throughout the country, except those that have access to the Northwest Compactmore » Site. Many Class B/C waste generators consider this to be a national crisis situation requiring interim or possible permanent storage, changes in operation, significant cost impacts, and/or elimination of services, especially in the health care and non-power generation industries. With proper in-house waste management practices and utilization of commercial processor services, a national crisis can be avoided, although some generators with specific waste forms or radionuclides will remain without options. In summary: It is unknown what the future will bring for commercial LLRW disposal. Could the anticipated post Barnwell Class B/C crisis be avoided by any of the following? - Barnwell Site remains open for the nation's commercial Class B/C waste; - Richland Site opens back up to the nation for commercial Class B/C waste; - Texas Site opens up to the nation for commercial Class B/C waste; - Federal Government intervenes by keeping a commercial Class B/C site open for the nation's commercial Class B/C waste; - Federal Government makes a DOE site available for commercial Class B/C waste; - Federal Government revisits the LLRW Policy Act of 1980 and Amendments Act of 1985. Without a future LLRW site capable of accepting Class B/C currently on the horizon, commercial LLRW generators are faced with waste volume elimination, reduction, or storage. With proper in-house waste management practices, utilization of commercial processor services and regulatory relief, a national crisis can be avoided. Waste volumes for storage can be reduced to as little as 10% of the current Class B/C volume. Although a national LLRW crisis can be avoided, some generators with specific waste forms or radionuclides will have a significant financial and/or operational impact due to a lack of commercial LLRW management options. (authors)« less

Interfacing a small thermophotovoltaic generator to the grid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Durisch, W.; Grob, B.; Mayor, J.-C.; Panitz, J.-C.; Rosselet, A.

1999-03-01

A prototype thermophotovoltaic generator and grid-interfacing device have been developed to demonstrate the feasibility of grid-connected operation. For this purpose a conventional butane burner (rated power 1.35 kWth) was equipped with a ceramic composite emitter made of rare earth oxides. A water layer between emitter and photocells was used to protect the photocells against overheating. It absorbs the nonconvertible emitter radiation and is heated up thereby. The hot water so produced in larger units of this type could be used in a primary recirculation loop to transfer heat to a secondary domestic hot water system. For the photovoltaic generator, commercial grade silicon solar cells with 16% efficiency (under standard test conditions) were used. With the radiation of the emitter, a current of 4.6 A at a maximum power point voltage of 3.3 V was produced, corresponding to a DC output of 15 W and a thermal to DC power conversion efficiency of 1.1%. A specially developed high efficiency DC/DC converter and a modified, commercially available inverter were used to feed the generated power to the local grid. Under the experimental conditions in question the DC/DC-converter and the grid-inverter had efficiencies of 98 and 91%, respectively resulting in an overall interface efficiency of 89%. From modeling of the measured electrical characteristics of the photo cell generator under solar and emitter radiation, it is concluded that the photo current was about three times higher under the filtered emitter radiation. Under these conditions the electrical losses of the photocells were significantly higher than under sunlight.

40 CFR 62.4181 - Identification of plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Kansas Air Emissions from Existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.4181... submitted November 16, 2001, certifying that there are no commercial and industrial solid waste incineration... “Other” Solid Waste Incineration Units ...

40 CFR 62.4181 - Identification of plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Kansas Air Emissions from Existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.4181... submitted November 16, 2001, certifying that there are no commercial and industrial solid waste incineration... “Other” Solid Waste Incineration Units ...

Manatee lays groundwork for commercial use of Orimulsion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Makansi, J.

1994-09-01

This article describes the conversion of an oil fired plant to Orimulsion described as a fourth fossil fuel, Orimulsion will replace oil at FP and L's Manatee station. The project involves unique business arrangements as well as important combustion, emissions control, and fuel handling system modifications. Florida Power and Light Co (FP and L) spent several years investigating the use of Orimulsion, including a full-scale five-months demonstration at its Sanford Station Unit 4. Now, the utility has taken the next giant leap; it has committed to convert the Manatee station for full-scale use of this unique fuel. The resulting projectmore » breaks new ground in the electric-generating business in several ways, including these: It represents the first long-term commercial contract for use of Orimulsion in the US, and the largest commitment world-wide. It involves unique business arrangements--not the least of which is the second major contract at an electric-utility station for a third-party-owned and operated flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) system. It indicates risk-taking on the part of utilities--with two 800-MW units, Manatee embodies a substantial amount of FP and L's total and incremental capacity base.« less

Projected Growth in Small-Scale, Fossil-Fueled Distributed Generation: Potential Implications for the U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Eberle, Annika; Heath, Garvin A

The generation capacity of small-scale (less than one megawatt) fossil-fueled electricity in the United States is anticipated to grow by threefold to twenty-fold from 2015 to 2040. However, in adherence with internationally agreed upon carbon accounting methods, the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) U.S. Greenhouse Inventory (GHGI) does not currently attribute greenhouse gases (GHGs) from these small-scale distributed generation sources to the electric power sector and instead accounts for these emissions in the sector that uses the distributed generation (e.g., the commercial sector). In addition, no other federal electric-sector GHG emission data product produced by the EPA or the U.S. Energymore » Information Administration (EIA) can attribute these emissions to electricity. We reviewed the technical documentation for eight federal electric-sector GHG emission data products, interviewed the data product owners, collected their GHG emission estimates, and analyzed projections for growth in fossil-fueled distributed generation. We show that, by 2040, these small-scale generators could account for at least about 1%- 5% of total CO2 emissions from the U.S. electric power sector. If these emissions fall outside the electric power sector, the United States may not be able to completely and accurately track changes in electricity-related CO2 emissions, which could impact how the country sets GHG reduction targets and allocates mitigation resources. Because small-scale, fossil-fueled distributed generation is expected to grow in other countries as well, the results of this work also have implications for global carbon accounting.« less

Sustained Space Superiority: A National Strategy for the United States

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-08-01

of systems related to the initial concept continued. The U.S. Army developed the Nike Zeus system, and the United States conducted the first...resolution imaging satellite was Space Imaging on September 24, 1999. It plans to capture thirty to forty percent of the commercial imagery market ...actively supported commercial space companies in order to open new international markets , Congress imposed restrictions on these commercial

Comparison of direct boiling method with commercial kits for extracting fecal microbiome DNA by Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA tags.

PubMed

Peng, Xin; Yu, Ke-Qiang; Deng, Guan-Hua; Jiang, Yun-Xia; Wang, Yu; Zhang, Guo-Xia; Zhou, Hong-Wei

2013-12-01

Low cost and high throughput capacity are major advantages of using next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques to determine metagenomic 16S rRNA tag sequences. These methods have significantly changed our view of microorganisms in the fields of human health and environmental science. However, DNA extraction using commercial kits has shortcomings of high cost and time constraint. In the present study, we evaluated the determination of fecal microbiomes using a direct boiling method compared with 5 different commercial extraction methods, e.g., Qiagen and MO BIO kits. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) using UniFrac distances and clustering showed that direct boiling of a wide range of feces concentrations gave a similar pattern of bacterial communities as those obtained from most of the commercial kits, with the exception of the MO BIO method. Fecal concentration by boiling method affected the estimation of α-diversity indices, otherwise results were generally comparable between boiling and commercial methods. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) determined through direct boiling showed highly consistent frequencies with those determined through most of the commercial methods. Even those for the MO BIO kit were also obtained by the direct boiling method with high confidence. The present study suggested that direct boiling could be used to determine the fecal microbiome and using this method would significantly reduce the cost and improve the efficiency of the sample preparation for studying gut microbiome diversity. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

76 FR 34192 - Commercial and Industrial Pumps

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-13

... 1999. The ADL analysis, ``Energy Consumption Characteristics of Commercial Building HVAC Systems... report for the United Nations (``Motor System Efficiency Supply Curves UNIDO,'' Dec. 2010),\\3\\ also used..., A. and A. Hasanbeigi, ``Motor Systems Efficiency Supply Curves,'' United Nations Industrial...

Probe-Directed Degradation (PDD) for Flexible Removal of Unwanted cDNA Sequences from RNA-Seq Libraries.

PubMed

Archer, Stuart K; Shirokikh, Nikolay E; Preiss, Thomas

2015-04-01

Most applications for RNA-seq require the depletion of abundant transcripts to gain greater coverage of the underlying transcriptome. The sequences to be targeted for depletion depend on application and species and in many cases may not be supported by commercial depletion kits. This unit describes a method for generating RNA-seq libraries that incorporates probe-directed degradation (PDD), which can deplete any unwanted sequence set, with the low-bias split-adapter method of library generation (although many other library generation methods are in principle compatible). The overall strategy is suitable for applications requiring customized sequence depletion or where faithful representation of fragment ends and lack of sequence bias is paramount. We provide guidelines to rapidly design specific probes against the target sequence, and a detailed protocol for library generation using the split-adapter method including several strategies for streamlining the technique and reducing adapter dimer content. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nuclear energy strategy to preserve the industrial base into the twenty-first century. Research report, August 1992-April 1993

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Naughton, R.J.

1993-04-01

The National Energy Strategy of 1991/1992 provides only the broadest of Outlines for a strategy to ensure a viable nuclear energy generation capability for electrical power. The FY 93 and FY 94 federal defense budgets provide minimum support to maintain a nuclear powered shipbuilding capability within the United States. These two industries are closely related and are vital strategic assets. The United States must implement a more comprehensive strategy to Preserve the core design and production technologies of the nuclear power industry. This paper examines the background of both the commercial nuclear and nuclear shipbuilding industries, then proposes modifications tomore » the National Energy Strategy and the Defense Department procurement strategy to save these industries.« less

Humidifier Development and Applicability to the Next Generation Portable Life Support System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Conger, Bruce C.; Barnes, Bruce G.; Sompayrac, Robert G.; Paul, Heather L.

2011-01-01

A development effort at the NASA Johnson Space Center investigated technologies to determine whether a humidifier would be required in the Portable Life Support System (PLSS) envisioned for future exploration missions. The humidifier has been included in the baseline PLSS schematic since performance testing of the Rapid Cycle Amine (RCA) indicates that the RCA over-dries the ventilation gas stream. Performance tests of a developmental humidifier unit and commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) units were conducted in December 2009. Following these tests, NASA revisited the need for a humidifier via system analysis. Results of this investigation indicate that it is feasible to meet humidity requirements without the humidifier if other changes are made to the PLSS ventilation loop and the Liquid Cooling and Ventilation Garment (LCVG).

Characterization of Next Generation Commercial Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates with a 633- and 785-nm System

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-01

Characterization of Next Generation Commercial Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates with a 633- and 785-nm System by Mikella E...Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates with a 633- and 785-nm System Mikella E. Farrell, Dimitra N. Stratis-Cullum, and Paul M. Pellegrino...DATES COVERED (From - To) 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Characterization of Next Generation Commercial Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates with a

New architecture for utility scale electricity from concentrator photovoltaics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Angel, Roger; Connors, Thomas; Davison, Warren; Olbert, Blain; Sivanandam, Suresh

2010-08-01

The paper describes a new system architecture optimized for utility-scale generation with concentrating photovoltaic cells (CPV) at fossil fuel price. We report on-sun tests of the architecture and development at the University of Arizona of the manufacturing processes adapted for high volume production. The new system takes advantage of triple-junction cells to convert concentrated sunlight into electricity. These commercially available cells have twice the conversion efficiency of silicon panels (40%) and one-tenth the cost per watt, when used at 1000x concentration. Telescope technology is adapted to deliver concentrated light to the cells at minimum cost. The architecture combines three novel elements: large (3.1 m x 3.1 m square) dish reflectors made as back-silvered glass monoliths; 2.5 kW receivers at each dish focus, each one incorporating a spherical field lens to deliver uniform illumination to multiple cells; and a lightweight steel spaceframe structure to hold multiple dish/receiver units in coalignment and oriented to the sun. Development of the process for replicating single-piece reflector dishes is well advanced at the Steward Observatory Mirror Lab. End-to-end system tests have been completed with single cells. A lightweight steel spaceframe to hold and track eight dish/receiver units to generate 20 kW has been completed. A single 2.5 kW receiver is presently under construction, and is expected to be operated in an end-to-end on-sun test with a monolithic dish before the end of 2010. The University of Arizona has granted an exclusive license to REhnu, LLC to commercialize this technology.

Development of Low-Cost Remote-Control Generators Based on BiTe Thermoelectric Modules

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Juanicó, Luis E.; Rinalde, Fabián; Taglialavore, Eduardo; Molina, Marcelo

2013-07-01

This paper presents a new thermogenerator based on moderate-temperature (up to 175°C) BiTe modules available on the open market. Despite this handicap relative to commercial thermogenerators based on high-temperature proprietary-technology PbBi modules (up to 560°C), this new design may become economically competitive due to its innovative thermal sink. Our thermal sink is based on a free-convection water loop built with standard tubing and household hot-water radiators, leading to a more practical, modular design. So, the specific cost of about 55,000 USD/kW obtained for this 120-W prototype is improved to 33,000 USD/kW for a 1-kW unit, which represents about half the price of commercial thermogenerators. Moreover, considering recently launched BiTe modules (that withstand up to 320°C), our proposition could have an even more favorable outlook.

Can industry`s `fourth` fossil fuel establish presence in US?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Armor, A.F.; Dene, C.E.

1996-09-01

After five years of commercial experience burning Orimulsion overseas, US utilities are now evaluating the new fuel as a serious alternative to oil. In their relentless drive to remain competitive, electric utilities with oil-fired generating units are searching for lower cost fuel alternatives. Because of high fuel prices, oil-fired units have low capacity factors. Only 23 out of 142 oil-capable units in the US had capacity factors greater than 50% in 1993; the average was a mere 24%. Utility consumption of fuel oil slid from over 600,000 barrels (bbl)/day in 1989 to less than 200,000 bbl/day last year. Orimulsion nowmore » fuels nearly 3,000 MW/yr worldwide. The UK`s PowerGen Ltd, currently the world`s largest consumer of Orimulsion, fires some 10-million bbl/yr at two 500-MW units at its Ince plant and three 120-MW units at its Richborough plant. Both plants formerly burned fuel oil, and have been using Orimulsion since 1991. Canada`s New Brunswick Power Corp has fired Orimulsion in two units at its Dalhousie plant since 1994 (Power, April 1995, p 27); one 105-MW unit was originally designed for fuel oil, the other 212-MW unit was designed for coal. Last year, Denmark`s SK Power converted its coal-fired, 700-MW Asnaes Unit 5 to Orimulsion firing. And in the US, Florida Power and Light Co. (FP and L) has signed a 20-yr fuel supply contract with Bitor America Corp (Boca Raton, Fla.), for two 800-MW units at the oil-fired Manatee plant, contingent on securing necessary permits. The Manatee installation (Power, September 1994, p 57) would be the first in the US to burn the fuel. Today, five years after Orimulsion begun to be used commercially, many of the lingering questions involving the new fuel`s handling, transportation, combustion, emissions control, spill control, and waste utilization have been settled. Several US utilities have expressed serious interest in the fuel as an alternative to oil.« less

Distributed Generation Market Demand Model (dGen): Documentation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sigrin, Benjamin; Gleason, Michael; Preus, Robert

The Distributed Generation Market Demand model (dGen) is a geospatially rich, bottom-up, market-penetration model that simulates the potential adoption of distributed energy resources (DERs) for residential, commercial, and industrial entities in the continental United States through 2050. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) developed dGen to analyze the key factors that will affect future market demand for distributed solar, wind, storage, and other DER technologies in the United States. The new model builds off, extends, and replaces NREL's SolarDS model (Denholm et al. 2009a), which simulates the market penetration of distributed PV only. Unlike the SolarDS model, dGen can modelmore » various DER technologies under one platform--it currently can simulate the adoption of distributed solar (the dSolar module) and distributed wind (the dWind module) and link with the ReEDS capacity expansion model (Appendix C). The underlying algorithms and datasets in dGen, which improve the representation of customer decision making as well as the spatial resolution of analyses (Figure ES-1), also are improvements over SolarDS.« less

Development of Residential SOFC Cogeneration System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ono, Takashi; Miyachi, Itaru; Suzuki, Minoru; Higaki, Katsuki

2011-06-01

Since 2001 Kyocera has been developing 1kW class Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) for power generation system. We have developed a cell, stack, module and system. Since 2004, Kyocera and Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. have been developed SOFC residential co-generation system. From 2007, we took part in the "Demonstrative Research on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells" Project conducted by New Energy Foundation (NEF). Total 57 units of 0.7kW class SOFC cogeneration systems had been installed at residential houses. In spite of residential small power demand, the actual electric efficiency was about 40%(netAC,LHV), and high CO2 reduction performance was achieved by these systems. Hereafter, new joint development, Osaka Gas, Toyota Motors, Kyocera and Aisin Seiki, aims early commercialization of residential SOFC CHP system.

The low cost Proton Precession Magnetometer developed at the Indian Institute of Geomagnetism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mahavarkar, P.; Singh, S.; Labde, S.; Dongre, V.; Patil, A.

2017-05-01

Proton magnetometers are the oldest scalar magnetometers. The first commercial units were produced in early 1960s as portable instruments. In continuation airborne instruments appeared with optimized speed of readings and sensitivity, large sensors etc. Later development of Overhauser and optically pumped magnetometers has eliminated Proton magnetometers from airborne surveys. However they remain very popular in various ground surveys and observatories. With this primary purpose of generating the ground based magnetic data, the Indian Institute of Geomagnetism (IIG) for the last 3 decades have been developing low cost Proton Precession Magnetometers (PPM). Beginning with the 1 nT PPM which has undergone several changes in design, the successor PM7 the advanced version has been successfully developed by the institute and is installed at various observatories of the institute. PM7 records the total field `F' with accuracy of 0.1 nT and a sampling rate of 10 seconds/sample. This article briefly discusses the design and development of this IIG make PM7 and compares the data recorded by this instrument with one of the commercially available Overhauser magnetometer in the world market. The quality of data recorded by PM7 is in excellent agreement with the Overhauser. With the available quality of data generated by this instrument, PM7 is an affordable PPM for scientific institutions, schools and colleges intending to carry out geomagnetic studies. The commercial cost of PM7 is ≈ 20% of the cost of Overhauser available in market.

Transportation Security Administration's suspension of the butane lighter ban onboard commercial aircraft.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-12-05

1) The August 2006 attempt by individuals to carry liquid explosives onboard multiple commercial aircraft bound for the United States from the United Kingdom has highlighted both the continued importance of securing the civil aviation system and the ...

40 CFR 62.8354 - Identification of plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... North Carolina Air Emissions from Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.8354..., certifying that there are no Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration units subject to 40 CFR part... Waste Incineration (CISWI) Units—Section 111(d)/129 Plan ...

40 CFR 62.10629 - Identification of plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... POLLUTANTS Tennessee Air Emissions from Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.10629..., respectively, certifying that there are no Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration units subject to... Industrial Solid Waste Incineration (CISWI) Units—Section 111(d)/129 Plan ...

40 CFR 62.10629 - Identification of plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... POLLUTANTS Tennessee Air Emissions from Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.10629..., respectively, certifying that there are no Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration units subject to... Industrial Solid Waste Incineration (CISWI) Units—Section 111(d)/129 Plan ...

40 CFR 62.8354 - Identification of plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... North Carolina Air Emissions from Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.8354..., certifying that there are no Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration units subject to 40 CFR part... Waste Incineration (CISWI) Units—Section 111(d)/129 Plan ...

15 CFR 971.206 - Statement of ownership.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SERVICE DEEP SEABED MINING REGULATIONS FOR COMMERCIAL RECOVERY PERMITS Applications Contents... demonstrate that the applicant is a United States citizen. (b) Specific. In particular, the application must include: (1) Name, address, and telephone number of the United States citizen responsible for commercial...

Threatened and endangered species evaluation for 75 licensed commercial nuclear power generating plants

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sackschewsky, M.R.

The Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended, and related implementing regulations of the jurisdictional federal agencies, the U.S. Departments of Commerce and Interior, at 50 CFR Part 17. 1, et seq., require that federal agencies ensure that any action authorized, funded, or carried out under their jurisdiction is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any threatened or endangered species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of critical habitats for such species. The issuance and maintenance of a federal license, such as a construction permit or operating license issued by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commissionmore » (NRC) for a commercial nuclear power generating facility is a federal action under the jurisdiction of a federal agency, and is therefore subject to the provisions of the ESA. The U.S. Department of the Interior (through the Fish and Wildlife Service), and the U.S. Department of Commerce, share responsibility for administration of the ESA. The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) deals with species that inhabit marine environments and anadromous fish, while the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is responsible for terrestrial and freshwater species and migratory birds. A species (or other distinct taxonomic unit such as subspecies, variety, and for vertebrates, distinct population units) may be classified for protection as `endangered` when it is in danger of extinction within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range. A `threatened` classification is provided to those animals and plants likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their ranges. As of February 1997, there were about 1067 species listed under the ESA in the United States. Additionally there were approximately 125 species currently proposed for listing as threatened or endangered, and another 183 species considered to be candidates for formal listing proposals.« less

What Practices in Airport Security Should the United States Implement at Commercial Airports in Light of the Events of September 11, 2001?

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-06-01

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS WHAT PRACTICES IN AIRPORT SECURITY SHOULD THE UNITED STATES IMPLEMENT AT...COVERED Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE What Practices in Airport Security Should the United States Implement at Commercial...complacency and conflicts of interest. 14. SUBJECT TERMS Airport Security , Aviation Security Systems, Terrorism, Hijacking

40 CFR 62.9670 - Identification of plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Pennsylvania Emissions from Existing Commercial/industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.9670..., submitted February 9, 2001, certifying that there are no existing commercial/industrial solid waste incineration units within the City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania that are subject to 40 CFR part 60, subpart...

40 CFR 62.10630 - Identification of sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Emissions from Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration (ciswi) Units-Section 111(d)/129 Plan § 62.10630 Identification of sources. The Plan applies to existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units that Commenced Construction On or Before November 30, 1999, in Nashville/Davidson County...

40 CFR 62.9670 - Identification of plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Pennsylvania Emissions from Existing Commercial/industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.9670..., submitted February 9, 2001, certifying that there are no existing commercial/industrial solid waste incineration units within the City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania that are subject to 40 CFR part 60, subpart...

40 CFR 62.10630 - Identification of sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Emissions from Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration (ciswi) Units-Section 111(d)/129 Plan § 62.10630 Identification of sources. The Plan applies to existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units that Commenced Construction On or Before November 30, 1999, in Nashville/Davidson County...

2nd Generation Reusable Launch Vehicle Potential Commercial Development Scenarios

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Creech, Stephen D.; Rogacki, John R. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

The presentation will discuss potential commercial development scenarios for a Second Generation Reusable Launch Vehicle. The analysis of potential scenarios will include commercial rates of return, government return on investment, and market considerations. The presentation will include policy considerations in addition to analysis of Second Generation Reusable Launch Vehicle economics. The data discussed is being developed as a part of NASA's Second Generation Reusable Launch Vehicle Program, for consideration as potential scenarios for enabling a next generation system. Material will include potential scenarios not previously considered by NASA or presented at other conferences. Candidate paper has not been presented at a previous meeting, and conference attendance of the author has been approved by NASA.

Stress Prediction System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

NASA wanted to know how astronauts' bodies would react under various gravitational pulls and space suit weights. Under contract to NASA, the University of Michigan's Center for Ergonomics developed a model capable of predicting what type of stress and what degree of load a body could stand. The algorithm generated was commercialized with the ISTU (Isometric Strength Testing Unit) Functional Capacity Evaluation System, which simulates tasks such as lifting a heavy box or pushing a cart and evaluates the exertion expended. It also identifies the muscle group that limits the subject's performance. It is an effective tool of personnel evaluation, selection and job redesign.

75 FR 32682 - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Major Sources: Industrial...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-09

... for Existing Sources: Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units; Identification of Non-Hazardous Secondary Materials That Are Solid Waste AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency. ACTION: Notice... Institutional Boilers located at area sources; and Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units. On...

40 CFR 62.107 - Identification of sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Emissions from Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration (ciswi) Units (section 111(d)/129 Plan) § 62.107 Identification of sources. The Plan applies to existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units that commenced construction on or before November 30, 1999. [68 FR 4105, Jan. 28, 2003] ...

40 CFR 62.6127 - Identification of Sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Emissions from Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration (ciswi) Units (section 111(d)/129 Plan) § 62.6127 Identification of Sources. The Plan applies to existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units that Commenced Construction On or Before November 30, 1999. [68 FR 25293, May 12, 2003] ...

40 CFR 62.6127 - Identification of Sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Emissions from Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration (ciswi) Units (section 111(d)/129 Plan) § 62.6127 Identification of Sources. The Plan applies to existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units that Commenced Construction On or Before November 30, 1999. [68 FR 25293, May 12, 2003] ...

40 CFR 62.107 - Identification of sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Emissions from Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration (ciswi) Units (section 111(d)/129 Plan) § 62.107 Identification of sources. The Plan applies to existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units that commenced construction on or before November 30, 1999. [68 FR 4105, Jan. 28, 2003] ...

Generation After Next Propulsor Research: Robust Design for Embedded Engine Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arend, David J.; Tillman, Gregory; O'Brien, Walter F.

2012-01-01

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, United Technologies Research Center and Virginia Polytechnic and State University have contracted to pursue multi-disciplinary research into boundary layer ingesting (BLI) propulsors for generation after next environmentally responsible subsonic fixed wing aircraft. This Robust Design for Embedded Engine Systems project first conducted a high-level vehicle system study based on a large commercial transport class hybrid wing body aircraft, which determined that a 3 to 5 percent reduction in fuel burn could be achieved over a 7,500 nanometer mission. Both pylon-mounted baseline and BLI propulsion systems were based on a low-pressure-ratio fan (1.35) in an ultra-high-bypass ratio engine (16), consistent with the next generation of advanced commercial turbofans. An optimized, coupled BLI inlet and fan system was subsequently designed to achieve performance targets identified in the system study. The resulting system possesses an inlet with total pressure losses less than 0.5%, and a fan stage with an efficiency debit of less than 1.5 percent relative to the pylon-mounted, clean-inflow baseline. The subject research project has identified tools and methodologies necessary for the design of next-generation, highly-airframe-integrated propulsion systems. These tools will be validated in future large-scale testing of the BLI inlet / fan system in NASA's 8 foot x 6 foot transonic wind tunnel. In addition, fan unsteady response to screen-generated total pressure distortion is being characterized experimentally in a JT15D engine test rig. These data will document engine sensitivities to distortion magnitude and spatial distribution, providing early insight into key physical processes that will control BLI propulsor design.

30 CFR 1206.352 - How do I calculate the royalty due on geothermal resources used for commercial production or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... geothermal resources used for commercial production or generation of electricity? 1206.352 Section 1206.352... geothermal resources used for commercial production or generation of electricity? (a) If you sold geothermal... electricity, then the royalty on the geothermal resources is the gross proceeds accruing to you from the sale...

Newman Unit 1 advanced solar repowering advanced conceptual design. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

1982-04-01

The Newman Unit 1 solar repowering design is a water/steam central receiver concept supplying superheated steam. The work reported is to develop a refined baseline conceptual design that has potential for construction and operation by 1986, makes use of existing solar thermal technology, and provides the best economics for this application. Trade studies performed in the design effort are described, both for the conceptual design of the overall system and for the subsystem conceptual design. System-level functional requirements, design, operation, performance, cost, safety, environmental, institutional, and regulatory considerations are described. Subsystems described include the collector, receiver, fossil energy, electrical powermore » generating, and master control subsystems, site and site facilities. The conceptual design, cost, and performance of each subsystem is discussed at length. A detailed economic analysis of the repowered unit is made to realistically assess the economics of the first repowered unit using present cost data for a limited production level for solar hardware. Finally, a development plan is given, including the design, procurement, construction, checkout, startup, performance validation, and commercial operation. (LEW)« less

Value engineering study report on Lower East Fork Poplar Creek Project. Alternative No. 3

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

The project under study is Alternative No. 3 as identified in the Feasibility Study dated August 1994. This alternative is identified as Excavation and Disposal of Commercial/DOE, Other, and Residential Remedial Unit Soil. The assumptions used for generating baseline costs are discussed in site associated costs. It is further described as follows: Soils with mercury concentrations greater than 200 ppM in the Commercial/DOE and Other Remedial Units and greater than 180 ppM in the Residential Remedial Unit [41,300m{sup 3} (54,000yd{sup 3} a volume equivalent to approximately 6,750 dump truck loads)] would be excavated and disposed of in an approved, linedmore » landfill at Y-12 with leachate collection and possible pretreatment of the leachate before discharge. Because 0.6 ha (1.5 acres) of wetland would be destroyed, wetlands banking would occur, whereby a 1.8-ha (4.5-acre) wetland would be constructed on DOE-owned land near K-25. Borrow soil would be obtained from the Y-12 West End Borrow Area or from excess soil located at Y-12 landfills to fill the excavation. It is estimated that 7.3 ha (18.2 acres, and area about the size of 17 football fields) of habitat would be adversely affected. This alternative would use BMPs to minimize any adverse affects and to comply substantively with regulatory requirements.« less

United States Nuclear Rocket Company (USNRC)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hardin, L. A.

2014-01-01

Historically, the development of advanced space technology has been accomplished by the federal government providing funding to commercial companies through the standard contracting process. Although recently, commercial space ventures, such as Space X, have begun to develop enhanced commercial space launch capabilities, and many companies provide space related services - including satellite development and operations, advanced technology development still requires (and should require) participation by the federal agency assigned this role - the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). However, this standard funding model may not be the most efficient and stable means of developing the advanced technology systems. And while the federal government does not need to be involved in areas where private industry can reasonably operate, it should remain the leader in supporting the development of new and advanced space technologies to further increase our national capability. And as these technologies mature, then private industry can begin the commercialization process, freeing up resources and funds for NASA to develop the next generations of advanced space technology. In fact, simply examining the last decades of space technology development shows that there is room for improvement. Part of the problem is that there are realistically two space frontiers. There is the commercialization frontier (the realm of Space X and others) and the exploratory frontier (the realm of NASA.). Often technologies that can support the exploratory frontier can also immediately support the commercialization frontier. Yet, these technologies are still developed under the standard model of federal funding and contracting. Is that really the best way to proceed? In this paper, the argument is put forward that a new process is required, a new paradigm. A consortium of federal agencies as well as commercial companies is needed - in a collaborative rather than a contractual relationship.

Clinical assessment of pacemaker power sources

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bilitch, M.; Parsonnet, V.; Furman, S.

1980-01-01

The development of power sources for cardiac pacemakers has progressed from a 15-year usage of mercury-zinc batteries to widely used and accepted lithium cells. At present, there are about 6 different types of lithium cells incorporated into commercially distributed pacemakers. The authors reviewed experience over a 5-year period with 1711 mercury-zinc, 130 nuclear (P238) and 1912 lithium powered pacemakers. The lithium units have included 698 lithium-iodide, 270 lithium-silver chromate, 135 lithium-thionyl chloride, 31 lithium-lead and 353 lithium-cupric sulfide batteries. 57 of the lithium units have failed (91.2% component failure and 5.3% battery failure). 459 mercury-zinc units failed (25% component failuremore » and 68% battery depletion). The data show that lithium powered pacemaker failures are primarily component, while mercury-zinc failures are primarily battery related. It is concluded that mercury-zinc powered pulse generators are obsolete and that lithium and nuclear (P238) power sources are highly reliable over the 5 years for which data are available. 3 refs.« less

Hyperspectral processing in graphical processing units

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Winter, Michael E.; Winter, Edwin M.

2011-06-01

With the advent of the commercial 3D video card in the mid 1990s, we have seen an order of magnitude performance increase with each generation of new video cards. While these cards were designed primarily for visualization and video games, it became apparent after a short while that they could be used for scientific purposes. These Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) are rapidly being incorporated into data processing tasks usually reserved for general purpose computers. It has been found that many image processing problems scale well to modern GPU systems. We have implemented four popular hyperspectral processing algorithms (N-FINDR, linear unmixing, Principal Components, and the RX anomaly detection algorithm). These algorithms show an across the board speedup of at least a factor of 10, with some special cases showing extreme speedups of a hundred times or more.

Performance of the Southern California Edison Company Stirling dish

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lopez, C.W.; Stone, K.W.

1993-10-01

McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company (MDAC) and United Stirling AB of Sweden (USAB) formed a joint venture in 1982 to develop and produce a Stirling dish solar generating system. In this report, the six year development and testing program continued by the Southern California Edison Company (SCE) is described. Each Stirling dish module consists of a sun tracking dish concentrator developed by the MDAC and a Stirling engine driven power conversion unit (PCU) developed by USAB. The Stirling dish system demonstrated twice the peak and daily solar-to-electric conversion efficiency of any other system then under development. This system continues to setmore » the performance standard for solar to electric systems being developed in the early 1990`s. Test data are presented and used to estimate the performance of a commercial system.« less

ALARA implementation throughout project life cycle

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Haynes, M.J.

1995-03-01

A strength of radiation protection programs generally has been endorsement and application of the ALARA principle. In Ontario Hydro, which currently operates 20 commercial size nuclear units, great strides have been made in the last three decades in reducing occupational radiation exposure per unit of electricity generated. This paper will discuss specific applications of elements of the overall ALARA program which have most contributed to dose reduction as the nuclear program has expanded. This includes such things as management commitment, ALARA application in the design phase and major rehabilitation work, the benefits of the self protection concept, a specific examplemore » of elimination (or reduction) of the source term and the importance of dose targets. Finally, it is concluded that the major opportunities for further improvements may lie in the area of information management.« less

PRSEUS Panel Fabrication Final Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Linton, Kim A.; Velicki, Alexander; Hoffman, Krishna; Thrash, Patrick; Pickell, Robert; Turley, Robert

2014-01-01

NASA and the Boeing Company have been working together under the Environmentally Responsible Aviation Project to develop stitched unitized structure for reduced weight, reduced fuel burn and reduced pollutants in the next generation of commercial aircraft. The structural concept being evaluated is PRSEUS (Pultruded Rod Stitched Efficient Unitized Structure). In the PRSEUS concept, dry carbon fabric, pultruded carbon rods, and foam are stitched together into large preforms. Then these preforms are infused with an epoxy resin into large panels in an out-of-autoclave process. These panels have stiffeners in the length-wise and width-wise directions but contain no fasteners because all stiffeners are stitched to the panel skin. This document contains a description of the fabrication of panels for use in the 30-foot-long Multi-Bay Box test article to be evaluated at NASA LaRC.

Overview of Commercial Buildings, 2003

EIA Publications

2008-01-01

The Energy Information Administration conducts the Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) to collect information on energy-related building characteristics and types and amounts of energy consumed in commercial buildings in the United States.

Scaling Retro-Commissioning to Small Commercial Buildings: A Turnkey Automated Hardware-Software Solution

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lin, Guanjing; Granderson, J.; Brambley, Michael R.

2015-07-01

In the United States, small commercial buildings represent 51% of total floor space of all commercial buildings and consume nearly 3 quadrillion Btu (3.2 quintillion joule) of site energy annually, presenting an enormous opportunity for energy savings. Retro-commissioning (RCx), the process through which professional energy service providers identify and correct operational problems, has proven to be a cost-effective means to achieve median energy savings of 16%. However, retro-commissioning is not typically conducted at scale throughout the commercial stock. Very few small commercial buildings are retro-commissioned because utility expenses are relatively modest, margins are tighter, and capital for improvements is limited.more » In addition, small buildings do not have in-house staff with the expertise to identify improvement opportunities. In response, a turnkey hardware-software solution was developed to enable cost-effective, monitoring-based RCx of small commercial buildings. This highly tailored solution enables non-commissioning providers to identify energy and comfort problems, as well as associated cost impacts and remedies. It also facilitates scale by offering energy service providers the means to streamline their existing processes and reduce costs by more than half. The turnkey RCx sensor suitcase consists of two primary components: a suitcase of sensors for short-term building data collection that guides users through the process of deploying and retrieving their data and a software application that automates analysis of sensor data, identifies problems and generates recommendations. This paper presents the design and testing of prototype models, including descriptions of the hardware design, analysis algorithms, performance testing, and plans for dissemination.« less

Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units (CISWI): New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) and Emission Guidelines (EG) for Existing Sources

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Learn about the New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for commercial and industrial solid waste incineration (CISWI) units including emission guidelines and compliance times for the rule. Read the rule history and summary, and find supporting documents

State of Wisconsin Commercial Drivers License Instructor's Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Madison Area Technical Coll., WI.

This instructor's manual contains seven units for a course to prepare students to pass the Wisconsin Commercial Driver's License test. The units cover the following: (1) introduction (rules and laws); (2) vehicle inspection; (3) transporting cargo safely; (4) transporting passengers; (5) air brakes; (6) combination vehicles; and (7) introduction…

Commercial and Industrial Wiring. Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaltwasser, Stan; Flowers, Gary

This guide is designed to assist teachers conducting a course to prepare students for entry-level employment in the commercial and industrial wiring trade. Included in the guide are 15 instructional units and the following sections of information for teachers: guidelines in using the unit components; academic and workplace skills classifications…

40 CFR 62.11480 - Identification of Plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... POLLUTANTS Vermont Air Emissions from Existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62... Resources submitted a letter certifying that there are no existing commercial and industrial solid waste incineration units in the state subject to the emission guidelines under part 60, subpart DDDD of this chapter...

40 CFR 62.5475 - Identification of Plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Massachusetts Air Emissions from Existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.5475... Protection submitted a letter certifying that there are no existing commercial and industrial solid waste incineration units in the State subject to the emission guidelines under part 60, subpart DDDD of this chapter...

40 CFR 62.2380 - Identification of sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Emissions from Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration (ciswi) Units (section 111(d)/129 Plan) § 62.2380 Identification of sources. The Plan applies to existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units that Commenced Construction On or Before November 30, 1999. [68 FR 17885, Apr. 14, 2003] Air...

40 CFR 62.4980 - Identification of Plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Maine Air Emissions from Existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.4980... Protection submitted a letter certifying that there are no existing commercial and industrial solid waste incineration units in the state subject to the emission guidelines under part 60, subpart DDDD of this chapter...

40 CFR 62.4980 - Identification of Plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Maine Air Emissions from Existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.4980... Protection submitted a letter certifying that there are no existing commercial and industrial solid waste incineration units in the state subject to the emission guidelines under part 60, subpart DDDD of this chapter...

40 CFR 62.5475 - Identification of Plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Massachusetts Air Emissions from Existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.5475... Protection submitted a letter certifying that there are no existing commercial and industrial solid waste incineration units in the State subject to the emission guidelines under part 60, subpart DDDD of this chapter...

40 CFR 62.11480 - Identification of Plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... POLLUTANTS Vermont Air Emissions from Existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62... Resources submitted a letter certifying that there are no existing commercial and industrial solid waste incineration units in the state subject to the emission guidelines under part 60, subpart DDDD of this chapter...

40 CFR 62.2380 - Identification of sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Emissions from Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration (ciswi) Units (section 111(d)/129 Plan) § 62.2380 Identification of sources. The Plan applies to existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units that Commenced Construction On or Before November 30, 1999. [68 FR 17885, Apr. 14, 2003] Air...

Commercial Carpentry: Instructional Units. INST-BBB08691;BBB12485

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Diehl, Donald W.; Penner, Wayman R.

The guide contains 11 sections, each consisting of one or more units of instruction in commercial carpentry. The sections cover the following: introduction (orientation, safety, and applying for a job), leadership, related information (lumber, measuring, and fasteners), power and hand tools, blueprint reading, site preparation and layout, forming,…

77 FR 8221 - Determination Under the Textile and Apparel Commercial Availability Provision of the Dominican...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-14

... Commercial Availability Provision of the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade...-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (``CAFTA-DR Implementation Act... FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Maria Dybczak, Office of Textiles and Apparel, U.S. Department of Commerce...

76 FR 16734 - Determination Under the Textile and Apparel Commercial Availability Provision of the Dominican...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-25

... Commercial Availability Provision of the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade... FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Maria Dybczak, Office of Textiles and Apparel, U.S. Department of Commerce...-United States Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (``CAFTA-DR Implementation Act''), Public Law 109...

40 CFR 62.14500 - What is the purpose of this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Federal Plan Requirements for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units That Commenced Construction On or Before November 30, 1999 Introduction § 62.14500 What is the purpose of this subpart? (a... from commercial and industrial solid waste incineration (CISWI) units that are not covered by an EPA...

Electronic Media Merchandising in Distributive Education. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Red Bank Regional High School, Little Silver, NJ.

This project designed and implemented an instructional unit in the production of television commercials in a distributive education program. In addition to providing students with a more comprehensive unit on advertising, the producing of commercials for products sold in the school gave them an opportunity to incorporate classroom theory into…

10 CFR 431.373 - Enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... may conduct a review of the test records. The Secretary may then conduct enforcement testing of that...) For automatic commercial ice makers, as well as commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator... numbers to select the units to be tested. (ii) For automatic commercial ice makers, as well as commercial...

Three-terminal RGB full-color OLED pixels for ultrahigh density displays.

PubMed

Fröbel, Markus; Fries, Felix; Schwab, Tobias; Lenk, Simone; Leo, Karl; Gather, Malte C; Reineke, Sebastian

2018-06-26

In recent years, the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology has been a rapidly evolving field of research, successfully making the transition to commercial applications such as mobile phones and other small portable devices. OLEDs provide efficient generation of light, excellent color quality, and allow for innovative display designs, e.g., curved shapes, mechanically flexible and/or transparent devices. Especially their self emissive nature is a highly desirable feature for display applications. In this work, we demonstrate an approach for full-color OLED pixels that are fabricated by vertical stacking of a red-, green-, and blue-emitting unit. Each unit can be addressed separately which allows for efficient generation of every color that is accessible by superpositioning the spectra of the individual emission units. Here, we use a combination of time division multiplexing and pulse width modulation to achieve efficient color mixing. The presented device design requires only three independently addressable electrodes, simplifying both fabrication and electrical driving. The device is built in a top-emission geometry, which is highly desirable for display fabrication as the pixel can be directly deposited onto back-plane electronics. Despite the top-emission design and the application of three silver layers within the device, there is only a minor color shift even for large viewing angles. The color space spanned by the three emission sub-units exceeds the sRGB space, providing more saturated green/yellow/red colors. Furthermore, the electrical performance of each individual unit is on par with standard single emission unit OLEDs, showing very low leakage currents and achieving brightness levels above 1000 cd/m 2 at moderate voltages of around 3-4 V.

Computer-generated hologram calculation for real scenes using a commercial portable plenoptic camera

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Endo, Yutaka; Wakunami, Koki; Shimobaba, Tomoyoshi; Kakue, Takashi; Arai, Daisuke; Ichihashi, Yasuyuki; Yamamoto, Kenji; Ito, Tomoyoshi

2015-12-01

This paper shows the process used to calculate a computer-generated hologram (CGH) for real scenes under natural light using a commercial portable plenoptic camera. In the CGH calculation, a light field captured with the commercial plenoptic camera is converted into a complex amplitude distribution. Then the converted complex amplitude is propagated to a CGH plane. We tested both numerical and optical reconstructions of the CGH and showed that the CGH calculation from captured data with the commercial plenoptic camera was successful.

Womb Outsourcing: Commercial Surrogacy in India.

PubMed

Frankford, David M; Bennington, Linda K; Ryan, Jane Greene

2015-01-01

Infertility affects more than 7 million American couples. As traditional treatments fail and the costs of hiring a surrogate increase in the United States, transnational commercial surrogacy becomes a feasible alternative for many couples. Infertile couples may opt for this choice after reading enticing Internet advertisements of global medical tourism offering "special deals" on commercial surrogacy. This is particularly true in India where couples from the United States can purchase transnational surrogacy for less than one-half or even one-third of the costs in the United States, including the cost of travel. The majority of surrogate mothers in India come from impoverished, poorly educated rural areas of India. Commercial surrogacy offers the lure of earning the equivalent of 5 years of family income. This multidisciplinary review of the literature suggests that the issue of commercial surrogacy is complex and influenced by a number of factors including expensive infertility costs, ease of global travel, and the financial vulnerability of Indian commercial surrogate mothers and their families. Questions are being raised about decision making by the surrogate mother particularly as influenced by gender inequities, power differentials, and inadequate legal protection for the surrogate mother. More research is needed to understand commercial surrogacy, especially research inclusive of the viewpoints of the Indian mothers and their families involved in these transactions.

Retail Marijuana Purchases in Designer and Commercial Markets in New York City: Sales Units, Weights, and Prices per Gram

PubMed Central

Sifaneck, Stephen J.; Ream, Geoffrey L.; Johnson, Bruce D.; Dunlap, Eloise

2007-01-01

This paper documents the bifurcation of the market for commercial marijuana from the market for designer marijuana in New York City. Commercial marijuana is usually grown outdoors, imported to NYC, and of average quality. By contrast, several strains of designer marijuana are usually grown indoors from specially-bred strains and carefully handled for maximum quality. The mechanisms for selling include street/park sellers, delivery services, private sales, and storefronts. Retail sales units vary from $5 to $50 and more, but the actual weights and price per gram of retail marijuana purchases lacks scientific precision. Ethnographic staff recruited marijuana purchasers who used digital scales to weigh a purposive sample of 99 marijuana purchases. Results indicate clear differences in price per gram between the purchases of commercial (avg. $8.20/gram) and designer (avg. $18.02/gram) marijuana. Designer purchases are more likely to be made by whites, downtown (Lower East Side/Union Square area), via delivery services, and in units of $10 bags, $50 cubes, and eighth and quarter ounces. Commercial marijuana purchases are more likely to be made by blacks, uptown (Harlem), via street dealers, and in units of $5 and $20 bags. Imported commercial types Arizona and Chocolate were only found uptown, while designer brand names describing actual strains like Sour Diesel and White Widow were only found downtown. Findings indicate clear divisions between commercial and designer marijuana markets in New York City. The extent that these differences may be based upon different THC potencies is a matter for future research. PMID:17055670

Commercial Art I and Commercial Art II: An Instructional Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Montgomery County Public Schools, Rockville, MD.

A teacher's guide for two sequential one-year commercial art courses for high school students is presented. Commercial Art I contains three units: visual communication, product design, and environmental design. Students study visual communication by analyzing advertising techniques, practicing fundamental drawing and layout techniques, creating…

Sustainment and Logistics in Better Buying Power

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-01

for Logistics and Materiel Readiness. He is responsible for ensuring logistics support to the United States Armed Forces. From the first issuance of...Milestone B, based on a per unit annual cost, but since DoD has been tracking and reporting such costs under BBP for only a few years, a relatively small...it’s also because logistics activities need to interoperate with commercial suppliers both within the United States and across the global commercial

The US Orphan Drug Act: rare disease research stimulator or commercial opportunity?

PubMed

Wellman-Labadie, Olivier; Zhou, Youwen

2010-05-01

This study investigates issues associated with the United States Orphan Drug Act. A comprehensive orphan drug database was compiled from FDA data and corporate annual reports of major pharmaceutical companies. Analysis allowed the generation of a descriptive orphan drug portrait as well as documentation of orphan drugs along their lifecycle. Currently, 2002 products have obtained orphan drug designation with 352 drugs obtaining FDA approval. Approximately 33% of orphan drugs are oncology products. On average, products obtain 1.7 orphan designations with approximately 70% obtaining a single designation. At least 9% of orphan drugs have reached blockbuster status with two-thirds having two or more designations. An additional 25 orphan drugs had sales exceeding US$ 100 million in 2008 alone. Since 1983, at least 14 previously discontinued products have been recycled as orphan drugs. The United States Orphan Drug Act has created issues which, in some cases, have led to commercial and ethical abuses. Orphan Drug Act reform is necessary but current incentives, including 7 year market exclusivity, should be maintained in order to favour patients as well as economic prosperity. Suggested reforms include price regulation, subsidy paybacks for profitable drugs and the establishment of an International Orphan Drug Office. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

JACIE: A Model Partnership

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thome, Kurt; Goldberg, Mitch; Mita, Dath; Stensaas, Gregory L.

2013-01-01

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the United States Geological Survey (USGS), and their associates and partners, are directly responsible for establishing and leading a unique interagency team of scientists and engineers who work together to evaluate and enhance the quality remote sensing data for commercial and government use. This team is called "the Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation (JACIE) team". The team works together to define, prioritize, assign, and assess civil and commercial image quality and jointly sponsors an annual JACIE Civil Commercial Imagery Evaluation workshop with participation support from the remote sensing calibration and validation science community.

Implementation of continuous-variable quantum key distribution with discrete modulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hirano, Takuya; Ichikawa, Tsubasa; Matsubara, Takuto; Ono, Motoharu; Oguri, Yusuke; Namiki, Ryo; Kasai, Kenta; Matsumoto, Ryutaroh; Tsurumaru, Toyohiro

2017-06-01

We have developed a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system that employs discrete quadrature-amplitude modulation and homodyne detection of coherent states of light. We experimentally demonstrated automated secure key generation with a rate of 50 kbps when a quantum channel is a 10 km optical fibre. The CV-QKD system utilises a four-state and post-selection protocol and generates a secure key against the entangling cloner attack. We used a pulsed light source of 1550 nm wavelength with a repetition rate of 10 MHz. A commercially available balanced receiver is used to realise shot-noise-limited pulsed homodyne detection. We used a non-binary LDPC code for error correction (reverse reconciliation) and the Toeplitz matrix multiplication for privacy amplification. A graphical processing unit card is used to accelerate the software-based post-processing.

Computational and Experimental Study of Supersonic Nozzle Flow and Aft-Deck Interactions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bruce, Walter E., IV; Carter, Melissa B.; Elmiligui, Alaa A.; Winski, Courtney S.; Nayani, Sudheer N.; Castner, Raymond S.

2016-01-01

NASA has been conducting research into reducing sonic boom and changing FAA regulations to allow for supersonic commercial transport over land in the United States. This particular study looks at a plume passing through a shock generated from an aft deck on a nacelle; the aft deck is meant to represent the trailing edge of a wing. NASA Langley Research Center USM3D CFD code results are compared to the experimental data taken at the NASA Glenn Research Center 1-foot by 1-foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel. This study included examining two turbulence models along with different volume sourcing methods for grid generation. The results show that using the k-epsilon turbulence model within USM3D produced shock signatures that closely follow the experimental data at a variety of nozzle pressure ratio settings.

USING A COMMERCIAL TELEPHONE DIRECTORY TO IDENTIFY A POPULATION-BASED SAMPLE OF WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE

EPA Science Inventory

Using a commercial telephone directory to identify a population-based sample of women of reproductive age
*DT Lobdell, GM Buck, JM Weiner, P Mendola (United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711)

In the United States, sampling women o...

Sodium content of popular commercially processed and restaurant foods in the United States

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) in close collaboration with U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention is monitoring the sodium content of commercially processed and restaurant foods in the United States. The main purpose of this manuscript is to prov...

Projecting potential adoption of genetically engineered freeze-tolerant Eucalyptus in the United States

Treesearch

David N. Wear; Ernest Dixon IV; Robert C. Abt; Navinder Singh

2015-01-01

Development of commercial Eucalyptus plantations has been limited in the United States because of the species’ sensitivity to freezing temperatures. Recently developed genetically engineered clones of a Eucalyptus hybrid, which confer freeze tolerance, could expand the range of commercial plantations. This study explores how...

75 FR 22581 - Energy Conservation Program for Commercial Equipment: Decision and Order Granting a Waiver to...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-29

.... (Mitsubishi) for a similar line of commercial multi-split air-conditioning systems: Testing laboratories...-conditioning systems: (1) Testing laboratories cannot test products with so many indoor units; (2) there are too many possible combinations of indoor and outdoor unit to test. The Daikin VRV-WIII systems have...

78 FR 25003 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery; Quota Transfer

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-29

.... 121009528-2729-02] RIN 0648-XC634 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery... of North Carolina is transferring a portion of its 2013 commercial summer flounder quota to the... transferring a portion of its 2013 commercial summer flounder quota to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and to...

78 FR 33 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery; Quota Transfer

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-02

.... 111220786-1781-01] RIN 0648-XC396 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery... of North Carolina is transferring a portion of its 2012 commercial summer flounder quota to the Commonwealth of Virginia, the State of North Carolina is transferring a portion of its 2012 commercial summer...

77 FR 19951 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery; Quota Transfer

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-03

.... 111220786-1781-01] RIN 0648-XB103 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery... of North Carolina is transferring a portion of its 2012 commercial summer flounder quota to the... commercial summer flounder quota to the Commonwealth of Virginia. NMFS is adjusting the quotas and announcing...

78 FR 9849 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery; Quota Transfer

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-12

.... 111220786-1781-01] RIN 0648-XC451 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery... of North Carolina is retroactively transferring a portion of its 2012 commercial summer flounder... summer flounder fishery are in 50 CFR part 648, and require annual specification of a commercial quota...

77 FR 52262 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery; Commercial Quota Harvested...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-29

.... 111220786-1781-01] RIN 0648-XC176 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery...; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS announces that the 2012 summer flounder commercial quota allocated to the... summer flounder fishery may not land summer flounder in Massachusetts for the remainder of calendar year...

75 FR 52890 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery; Commercial Quota Harvested...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-30

.... 0908191244-91427ndash;02] RIN 0648-XY35 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery...; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS announces that the 2010 summer flounder commercial quota allocated to the... summer flounder fishery may not land summer flounder in Massachusetts for the remainder of calendar year...

78 FR 51096 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery; Commercial Quota Harvested...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-20

.... 111220786-1781-01] RIN 0648-XC811 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery...; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS announces that the 2013 summer flounder commercial quota allocated to the... summer flounder fishery may not land summer flounder in Massachusetts for the remainder of calendar year...

22 CFR 1104.13 - Determination of archaeological or commercial value and cost of restoration and repair.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Determination of archaeological or commercial value and cost of restoration and repair. 1104.13 Section 1104.13 Foreign Relations INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY AND WATER COMMISSION, UNITED STATES AND MEXICO, UNITED STATES SECTION PROTECTION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL...

78 FR 37808 - Information Collection Request Submitted to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request; NSPS...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-24

... Submitted to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request; NSPS for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste... Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart CCCC) (Renewal)'' (EPA ICR No. 1926.06.... Respondents/affected entities: Owners or operators of commercial and industrial solid waste incineration units...

Gender, Marital Status, and Commercially Prepared Food Expenditure

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kroshus, Emily

2008-01-01

Objective: Assess how per capita expenditure on commercially prepared food as a proportion of total food expenditure varies by the sex and marital status of the head of the household. Design: Prospective cohort study, data collected by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics 2004 Consumer Expenditure Survey. Setting: United States.…

Seeing through the Glitz: Commercial Literacy for Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hillyer, Kathryn Oliver

Television advertising aimed at children is explored, including its regulation, techniques, and research on its effects. Particular attention is given to sexual stereotypes in commercials, including an analysis of certain commercials. A commercial literacy unit is presented for use with fourth graders. The history of advertising targeted at…

Capital projects: Egypt case study. Technical report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lieberson, J.; Stallard, J.

1994-03-01

This report assesses the US Agency for International Development`s (A.I.D.`s) capital assistance program in Egypt in terms of both its commercial benefits for the United States and its developmental benefits for Egypt. In regard to the first aspect, the study found that few A.I.D.-funded projects or studies generated either participation by other donors or follow-on sales for U.S. companies. The report places much of the blame for this on U.S. firms` failure to take advantage of a clear opportunity to develop the Egyptian commercial market. Findings regarding the developmental benefits of the projects are mixed. (1) The projects helped supportmore » strong private sector growth in Egypt through the 1980`s. Nonetheless, their economic and financial rates of return were generally disappointing. (2) The projects were built to a high technical standard, but their sustainability is in doubt. (3) The pursuit of commercial advantage for U.S. firms did not distort the developmental goals of the projects. Overall, the report attributes the disappointing economic results of A.I.D.`s capital assistance program to a poor policy environment, which the reforms pursued in connection with the program did little to change.« less

Evaluation of a commercial automatic treatment planning system for liver stereotactic body radiation therapy treatments.

PubMed

Gallio, Elena; Giglioli, Francesca Romana; Girardi, Andrea; Guarneri, Alessia; Ricardi, Umberto; Ropolo, Roberto; Ragona, Riccardo; Fiandra, Christian

2018-02-01

Automated treatment planning is a new frontier in radiotherapy. The Auto-Planning module of the Pinnacle 3 treatment planning system (TPS) was evaluated for liver stereotactic body radiation therapy treatments. Ten cases were included in the study. Six plans were generated for each case by four medical physics experts. The first two planned with Pinnacle TPS, both with manual module (MP) and Auto-Planning one (AP). The other two physicists generated two plans with Monaco TPS (VM). Treatment plan comparisons were then carried on the various dosimetric parameters of target and organs at risk, monitor units, number of segments, plan complexity metrics and human resource planning time. The user dependency of Auto-Planning was also tested and the plans were evaluated by a trained physician. Statistically significant differences (Anova test) were observed for spinal cord doses, plan average beam irregularity, number of segments, monitor units and human planning time. The Fisher-Hayter test applied to these parameters showed significant statistical differences between AP e MP for spinal cord doses and human planning time; between MP and VM for monitor units, number of segments and plan irregularity; for all those between AP and VM. The two plans created by different planners with AP were similar to each other. The plans created with Auto-Planning were comparable to the manually generated plans. The time saved in planning enables the planner to commit more resources to more complex cases. The independence of the planner enables to standardize plan quality. Copyright © 2018 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Generation of Influenza Virus from Avian Cells Infected by Salmonella Carrying the Viral Genome

PubMed Central

Zhang, Xiangmin; Kong, Wei; Wanda, Soo-Young; Xin, Wei; Alamuri, Praveen; Curtiss, Roy

2015-01-01

Domestic poultry serve as intermediates for transmission of influenza A virus from the wild aquatic bird reservoir to humans, resulting in influenza outbreaks in poultry and potential epidemics/pandemics among human beings. To combat emerging avian influenza virus, an inexpensive, heat-stable, and orally administered influenza vaccine would be useful to vaccinate large commercial poultry flocks and even migratory birds. Our hypothesized vaccine is a recombinant attenuated bacterial strain able to mediate production of attenuated influenza virus in vivo to induce protective immunity against influenza. Here we report the feasibility and technical limitations toward such an ideal vaccine based on our exploratory study. Five 8-unit plasmids carrying a chloramphenicol resistance gene or free of an antibiotic resistance marker were constructed. Influenza virus was successfully generated in avian cells transfected by each of the plasmids. The Salmonella carrier was engineered to allow stable maintenance and conditional release of the 8-unit plasmid into the avian cells for recovery of influenza virus. Influenza A virus up to 107 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID50)/ml were recovered from 11 out of 26 co-cultures of chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEF) and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells upon infection by the recombinant Salmonella carrying the 8-unit plasmid. Our data prove that a bacterial carrier can mediate generation of influenza virus by delivering its DNA cargoes into permissive host cells. Although we have made progress in developing this Salmonella influenza virus vaccine delivery system, further improvements are necessary to achieve efficient virus production, especially in vivo. PMID:25742162

Projected Salt Waste Production from a Commercial Pyroprocessing Facility

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Simpson, Michael F.

Pyroprocessing of used nuclear fuel inevitably produces salt waste from electrorefining and/or oxide reduction unit operations. Various process design characteristics can affect the actual mass of such waste produced. This paper examines both oxide and metal fuel treatment, estimates the amount of salt waste generated, and assesses potential benefit of process options to mitigate the generation of salt waste. For reference purposes, a facility is considered in which 100 MT/year of fuel is processed. Salt waste estimates range from 8 to 20 MT/year from considering numerous scenarios. It appears that some benefit may be derived from advanced processes for separatingmore » fission products from molten salt waste, but the degree of improvement is limited. Waste form production is also considered but appears to be economically unfavorable. Direct disposal of salt into a salt basin type repository is found to be the most promising with respect to minimizing the impact of waste generation on the economic feasibility and sustainability of pyroprocessing.« less

Occupational fatalities in the United States commercial fishing industry, 2000-2009.

PubMed

Lincoln, Jennifer M; Lucas, Devin L

2010-10-01

The occupational fatality rate among commercial fishermen decreased in the United States during 1992-2008; however, commercial fishing continues to be one of the most dangerous occupations in the United States, with an average annual fatality rate of 129 deaths per 100,000 fishermen in 2008. By contrast, the average annual occupational fatality rate among all US workers during the same period was four deaths per 100,000 workers. During the 1990s, numerous safety interventions were developed for Alaska fisheries that resulted in a significant decline in the state's commercial fishing fatality rate. In 2007, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) expanded surveillance of commercial fishing fatalities to the rest of the United States. The purpose of this report is to identify the hazards and risk factors for all causes of occupational mortality in the US commercial fishing industry, and to explore how those hazards and risk factors differ among fisheries and locations. During 2000-2009, 504 commercial fishing fatalities occurred in the United States. Most (261, 52%) occurred following a vessel disaster (defined as a sinking, capsizing, or other event in which the crew was forced to abandon ship) or a fall overboard (155, 31%). Fatalities occurred in Alaska (133, 26%), Northeast (124, 25%), Gulf of Mexico (116, 23%), West Coast (83, 16%), and the Mid- and South Atlantic (41, 8%) regions. Fatalities occurred most commonly while fishing for shellfish (226, 47%), groundfish (144, 30%) and pelagic fish (97, 20%). Average annual fatality rates were calculated for selected fisheries. The Northeast multispecies groundfish fleet had the highest average annual fatality rate (600 deaths per 100,000 full-time equivalent [FTE] fishermen) followed by the Atlantic scallop fleet (425 deaths per 100,000 FTE fishermen) and the West Coast Dungeness crab fleet (310 deaths per 100,000 FTE fishermen). To reduce fatalities among fishermen at greatest risk, additional prevention measures tailored to specific high-risk fisheries should be considered.

Commercial vehicle safety : technology and practice in Europe

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-05-01

The United States and Europe share common commercial vehicle safety issues, including a debate over access for longer combination vehicles; a shortage of commercial vehicle drivers; the need to integrate emerging public and private information techno...

U.S. Supersonic Commercial Aircraft: Assessing NASA's High Speed Research Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

The legislatively mandated objectives of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) include "the improvement of the usefulness, performance, speed, safety, and efficiency of aeronautical and space vehicles" and "preservation of the United States' preeminent position in aeronautics and space through research and technology development related to associated manufacturing processes." Most of NASA's activities are focused on the space-related aspects of these objectives. However, NASA also conducts important work related to aeronautics. NASA's High Speed Research (HSR) Program is a focused technology development program intended to enable the commercial development of a high speed (i.e., supersonic) civil transport (HSCT). However, the HSR Program will not design or test a commercial airplane (i.e., an HSCT); it is industry's responsibility to use the results of the HSR Program to develop an HSCT. An HSCT would be a second generation aircraft with much better performance than first generation supersonic transports (i.e., the Concorde and the Soviet Tu-144). The HSR Program is a high risk effort: success requires overcoming many challenging technical problems involving the airframe, propulsion system, and integrated aircraft. The ability to overcome all of these problems to produce an affordable HSCT is far from certain. Phase I of the HSR Program was completed in fiscal year 1995; it produced critical information about the ability of an HSCT to satisfy environmental concerns (i-e., noise and engine emissions). Phase II (the final phase according to current plans) is scheduled for completion in 2002. Areas of primary emphasis are propulsion, airframe materials and structures, flight deck systems, aerodynamic performance, and systems integration.

Authentication of digital video evidence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beser, Nicholas D.; Duerr, Thomas E.; Staisiunas, Gregory P.

2003-11-01

In response to a requirement from the United States Postal Inspection Service, the Technical Support Working Group tasked The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) to develop a technique tha will ensure the authenticity, or integrity, of digital video (DV). Verifiable integrity is needed if DV evidence is to withstand a challenge to its admissibility in court on the grounds that it can be easily edited. Specifically, the verification technique must detect additions, deletions, or modifications to DV and satisfy the two-part criteria pertaining to scientific evidence as articulated in Daubert et al. v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc., 43 F3d (9th Circuit, 1995). JHU/APL has developed a prototype digital video authenticator (DVA) that generates digital signatures based on public key cryptography at the frame level of the DV. Signature generation and recording is accomplished at the same time as DV is recorded by the camcorder. Throughput supports the consumer-grade camcorder data rate of 25 Mbps. The DVA software is implemented on a commercial laptop computer, which is connected to a commercial digital camcorder via the IEEE-1394 serial interface. A security token provides agent identification and the interface to the public key infrastructure (PKI) that is needed for management of the public keys central to DV integrity verification.

Retail marijuana purchases in designer and commercial markets in New York City: sales units, weights, and prices per gram.

PubMed

Sifaneck, Stephen J; Ream, Geoffrey L; Johnson, Bruce D; Dunlap, Eloise

2007-09-01

This paper documents the bifurcation of the market for commercial marijuana from the market for designer marijuana in New York City. Commercial marijuana is usually grown outdoors, imported to NYC, and of average quality. By contrast, several varities of designer marijuana are usually grown indoors from specially bred strains and carefully handled for maximum quality. The mechanisms for marijuana sales include street/park sellers, delivery services, private sales, and storefronts. Retail sales units vary from 5 dollars to 50 dollars and more, but the actual weights and price per gram of retail marijuana purchases lacks scientific precision. Ethnographic staff recruited marijuana purchasers who used digital scales to weigh a purposive sample of 99 marijuana purchases. Results indicate clear differences in price per gram between the purchases of commercial (average 8.20 dollars/g) and designer (average 18.02 dollars/g) marijuana. Designer purchases are more likely to be made by whites, downtown (Lower East Side/Union Square area), via delivery services, and in units of 10 dollar bags, 50 dollar cubes, and eighth and quarter ounces. Commercial marijuana purchases are more likely to be made by blacks, uptown (Harlem), via street dealers, and in units of 5 dollar and 20 dollar bags. Imported commercial types Arizona and Chocolate were only found uptown, while designer brand names describing actual strains like Sour Diesel and White Widow were only found downtown. Findings indicate clear divisions between commercial and designer marijuana markets in New York City. The extent that these differences may be based upon different THC potencies is a matter for future research.

76 FR 28662 - Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Boilers and Process Heaters and Commercial and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-18

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Parts 60 and 63 [EPA-HQ-OAR-2002-0058; EPA-HQ-2003-0119; FRL-9308-6] RIN 2060-AQ25; 2060-AO12 Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Boilers and Process Heaters and Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units AGENCY: Environmental Protection...

36 CFR 13.1144 - How often will commercial fishing lifetime access permit be renewed?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM UNITS IN ALASKA Special Regulations-Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve Commercial Fishing § 13.1144 How often will commercial fishing... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false How often will commercial...

78 FR 75267 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery; Commercial Quota Available...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-11

.... 111220786-1781-01] RIN 0648-XD012 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery... announces that the 2013 summer flounder commercial fishery in the State of New Jersey will be reopened to... Federal fisheries permit for the summer flounder fishery may land summer flounder in New Jersey until the...

77 FR 73556 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery; Quota Transfer

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-11

.... 111220786-1781-01] RIN 0648-XC373 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery... of Maine is transferring a portion of its 2012 commercial summer flounder quota to the State of... summer flounder fishery are in 50 CFR part 648, and require annual specification of a commercial quota...

78 FR 66857 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery; Quota Transfer

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-07

.... 121009528-2729-02] RIN 0648-XC932 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery... of Maine is transferring a portion of its 2013 commercial summer flounder quota to the State of... summer flounder fishery are in 50 CFR part 648, and require annual specification of a commercial quota...

40 CFR 62.14570 - What must I do if I plan to permanently close my CISWI unit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... POLLUTANTS Federal Plan Requirements for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units That... alternative waste treatment technology before you shut down your CISWI (1) Date when you will enter into a... evaluation of the option to transport your waste offsite to a commercial or municipal waste treatment and/or...

40 CFR 62.14570 - What must I do if I plan to permanently close my CISWI unit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... POLLUTANTS Federal Plan Requirements for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units That... alternative waste treatment technology before you shut down your CISWI (1) Date when you will enter into a... evaluation of the option to transport your waste offsite to a commercial or municipal waste treatment and/or...

40 CFR 62.14570 - What must I do if I plan to permanently close my CISWI unit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... POLLUTANTS Federal Plan Requirements for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units That Commenced Construction On or Before November 30, 1999 Compliance Schedule and Increments of Progress § 62... evaluation of the option to transport your waste offsite to a commercial or municipal waste treatment and/or...

Automatic Commercial Permit Sets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Grana, Paul

Final report for Folsom Labs’ Solar Permit Generator project, which has successfully completed, resulting in the development and commercialization of a software toolkit within the cloud-based HelioScope software environment that enables solar engineers to automatically generate and manage draft documents for permit submission.

Dispatch Control with PEV Charging and Renewables for Multiplayer Game Application

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Davis, Nathan; Johnson, Brian; McJunkin, Timothy

This paper presents a demand response model for a hypothetical microgrid that integrates renewable resources and plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging systems. It is assumed that the microgrid has black start capability and that external generation is available for purchase while grid connected to satisfy additional demand. The microgrid is developed such that in addition to renewable, non-dispatchable generation from solar, wind and run of the river hydroelectric resources, local dispatchable generation is available in the form of small hydroelectric and moderately sized gas and coal fired facilities. To accurately model demand, the load model is separated into independent residential,more » commercial, industrial, and PEV charging systems. These are dispatched and committed based on a mixed integer linear program developed to minimize the cost of generation and load shedding while satisfying constraints associated with line limits, conservation of energy, and ramp rates of the generation units. The model extends a research tool to longer time frames intended for policy setting and educational environments and provides a realistic and intuitive understanding of beneficial and challenging aspects of electrification of vehicles combined with integration of green electricity production.« less

Progress in a novel architecture for high performance processing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Zhiwei; Liu, Meng; Liu, Zijun; Du, Xueliang; Xie, Shaolin; Ma, Hong; Ding, Guangxin; Ren, Weili; Zhou, Fabiao; Sun, Wenqin; Wang, Huijuan; Wang, Donglin

2018-04-01

The high performance processing (HPP) is an innovative architecture which targets on high performance computing with excellent power efficiency and computing performance. It is suitable for data intensive applications like supercomputing, machine learning and wireless communication. An example chip with four application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) cores which is the first generation of HPP cores has been taped out successfully under Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 40 nm low power process. The innovative architecture shows great energy efficiency over the traditional central processing unit (CPU) and general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU). Compared with MaPU, HPP has made great improvement in architecture. The chip with 32 HPP cores is being developed under TSMC 16 nm field effect transistor (FFC) technology process and is planed to use commercially. The peak performance of this chip can reach 4.3 teraFLOPS (TFLOPS) and its power efficiency is up to 89.5 gigaFLOPS per watt (GFLOPS/W).

Regulatory control of low level radioactive waste in Taiwan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, T.D.S.; Chiou, Syh-Tsong

1996-12-31

The commercial operation of Chinshan Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) Unit One marked the beginning of Taiwan`s nuclear power program. There are now three NPPs, each consisting of two units, in operation. This represents a generating capacity of 5,144 MWe. Nuclear power plants are sharing some 30 percent of electricity supplies in Taiwan. As far as low level radwaste (LLRW) is concerned, Taiwan Power Company (TPC) is the principal producer, contributing more than 90 percent of total volume of waste arising in Taiwan. Small producers, other than nuclear industries, medicine, research institutes, and universities, are responsible for the remaining 10 percent.more » In the paper, the LLRW management policy, organizational scheme, regulatory control over waste treatment, storage, transportation and disposal are addressed. Added to the paper in the last is how this country is managing its Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) waste.« less

Realization of compact, passively-cooled, high-flux photovoltaic prototypes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feuermann, Daniel; Gordon, Jeffrey M.; Horne, Steve; Conley, Gary; Winston, Roland

2005-08-01

The materialization of a recent conceptual advance in high-flux photovoltaic concentrators into first-generation prototypes is reported. Our design strategy includes a tailored imaging dual-mirror (aplanatic) system, with a tapered glass rod that enhances concentration and accommodates larger optical errors. Designs were severely constrained by the need for ultra-compact (minimal aspect ratio) modules, simple passive heat rejection, liberal optical tolerances, incorporating off-the-shelf commercial solar cells, and pragmatic considerations of affordable fabrication technologies. Each unit has a geometric concentration of 625 and irradiates a single square 100 mm2 triple-junction high-efficiency solar cell at a net flux concentration of 500.

Note: a 4 ns hardware photon correlator based on a general-purpose field-programmable gate array development board implemented in a compact setup for fluorescence correlation spectroscopy.

PubMed

Kalinin, Stanislav; Kühnemuth, Ralf; Vardanyan, Hayk; Seidel, Claus A M

2012-09-01

We present a fast hardware photon correlator implemented in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) combined with a compact confocal fluorescence setup. The correlator has two independent units with a time resolution of 4 ns while utilizing less than 15% of a low-end FPGA. The device directly accepts transistor-transistor logic (TTL) signals from two photon counting detectors and calculates two auto- or cross-correlation curves in real time. Test measurements demonstrate that the performance of our correlator is comparable with the current generation of commercial devices. The sensitivity of the optical setup is identical or even superior to current commercial devices. The FPGA design and the optical setup both allow for a straightforward extension to multi-color applications. This inexpensive and compact solution with a very good performance can serve as a versatile platform for uses in education, applied sciences, and basic research.

Note: A 4 ns hardware photon correlator based on a general-purpose field-programmable gate array development board implemented in a compact setup for fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kalinin, Stanislav; Kühnemuth, Ralf; Vardanyan, Hayk; Seidel, Claus A. M.

2012-09-01

We present a fast hardware photon correlator implemented in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) combined with a compact confocal fluorescence setup. The correlator has two independent units with a time resolution of 4 ns while utilizing less than 15% of a low-end FPGA. The device directly accepts transistor-transistor logic (TTL) signals from two photon counting detectors and calculates two auto- or cross-correlation curves in real time. Test measurements demonstrate that the performance of our correlator is comparable with the current generation of commercial devices. The sensitivity of the optical setup is identical or even superior to current commercial devices. The FPGA design and the optical setup both allow for a straightforward extension to multi-color applications. This inexpensive and compact solution with a very good performance can serve as a versatile platform for uses in education, applied sciences, and basic research.

High-concentration planar microtracking photovoltaic system exceeding 30% efficiency

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Price, Jared S.; Grede, Alex J.; Wang, Baomin; Lipski, Michael V.; Fisher, Brent; Lee, Kyu-Tae; He, Junwen; Brulo, Gregory S.; Ma, Xiaokun; Burroughs, Scott; Rahn, Christopher D.; Nuzzo, Ralph G.; Rogers, John A.; Giebink, Noel C.

2017-08-01

Prospects for concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) power are growing as the market increasingly values high power conversion efficiency to leverage now-dominant balance of system and soft costs. This trend is particularly acute for rooftop photovoltaic power, where delivering the high efficiency of traditional CPV in the form factor of a standard rooftop photovoltaic panel could be transformative. Here, we demonstrate a fully automated planar microtracking CPV system <2 cm thick that operates at fixed tilt with a microscale triple-junction solar cell at >660× concentration ratio over a 140∘ full field of view. In outdoor testing over the course of two sunny days, the system operates automatically from sunrise to sunset, outperforming a 17%-efficient commercial silicon solar cell by generating >50% more energy per unit area per day in a direct head-to-head competition. These results support the technical feasibility of planar microtracking CPV to deliver a step change in the efficiency of rooftop solar panels at a commercially relevant concentration ratio.

22 CFR 706.12 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... United States. Non-commercial scientific institution—An institution that is operated for the purpose of conducting scientific research, the results of which are not intended to promote any particular product or... requesters—Requesters other than commercial use requesters, educational and non-commercial scientific...

22 CFR 706.12 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... United States. Non-commercial scientific institution—An institution that is operated for the purpose of conducting scientific research, the results of which are not intended to promote any particular product or... requesters—Requesters other than commercial use requesters, educational and non-commercial scientific...

22 CFR 706.12 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... United States. Non-commercial scientific institution—An institution that is operated for the purpose of conducting scientific research, the results of which are not intended to promote any particular product or... requesters—Requesters other than commercial use requesters, educational and non-commercial scientific...

Advanced satellite communication system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Staples, Edward J.; Lie, Sen

1992-01-01

The objective of this research program was to develop an innovative advanced satellite receiver/demodulator utilizing surface acoustic wave (SAW) chirp transform processor and coherent BPSK demodulation. The algorithm of this SAW chirp Fourier transformer is of the Convolve - Multiply - Convolve (CMC) type, utilizing off-the-shelf reflective array compressor (RAC) chirp filters. This satellite receiver, if fully developed, was intended to be used as an on-board multichannel communications repeater. The Advanced Communications Receiver consists of four units: (1) CMC processor, (2) single sideband modulator, (3) demodulator, and (4) chirp waveform generator and individual channel processors. The input signal is composed of multiple user transmission frequencies operating independently from remotely located ground terminals. This signal is Fourier transformed by the CMC Processor into a unique time slot for each user frequency. The CMC processor is driven by a waveform generator through a single sideband (SSB) modulator. The output of the coherent demodulator is composed of positive and negative pulses, which are the envelopes of the chirp transform processor output. These pulses correspond to the data symbols. Following the demodulator, a logic circuit reconstructs the pulses into data, which are subsequently differentially decoded to form the transmitted data. The coherent demodulation and detection of BPSK signals derived from a CMC chirp transform processor were experimentally demonstrated and bit error rate (BER) testing was performed. To assess the feasibility of such advanced receiver, the results were compared with the theoretical analysis and plotted for an average BER as a function of signal-to-noise ratio. Another goal of this SBIR program was the development of a commercial product. The commercial product developed was an arbitrary waveform generator. The successful sales have begun with the delivery of the first arbitrary waveform generator.

Electrical performance analysis and economic evaluation of combined biomass cook stove thermoelectric (BITE) generator.

PubMed

Lertsatitthanakorn, C

2007-05-01

The use of biomass cook stoves is widespread in the domestic sector of developing countries, but the stoves are not efficient. To advance the versatility of the cook stove, we investigated the feasibility of adding a commercial thermoelectric (TE) module made of bismuth-telluride based materials to the stove's side wall, thereby creating a thermoelectric generator system that utilizes a proportion of the stove's waste heat. The system, a biomass cook stove thermoelectric generator (BITE), consists of a commercial TE module (Taihuaxing model TEP1-1264-3.4), a metal sheet wall which acts as one side of the stove's structure and serves as the hot side of the TE module, and a rectangular fin heat sink at the cold side of the TE module. An experimental set-up was built to evaluate the conversion efficiency at various temperature ranges. The experimental set-up revealed that the electrical power output and the conversion efficiency depended on the temperature difference between the cold and hot sides of the TE module. At a temperature difference of approximately 150 degrees C, the unit achieved a power output of 2.4W. The conversion efficiency of 3.2% was enough to drive a low power incandescent light bulb or a small portable radio. A theoretical model approximated the power output at low temperature ranges. An economic analysis indicated that the payback period tends to be very short when compared with the cost of the same power supplied by batteries. Therefore, the generator design formulated here could be used in the domestic sector. The system is not intended to compete with primary power sources but serves adequately as an emergency or backup source of power.

Utility-Scale Solar 2014. An Empirical Analysis of Project Cost, Performance, and Pricing Trends in the United States

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bolinger, Mark; Seel, Joachim

2015-09-01

Other than the nine Solar Energy Generation Systems (“SEGS”) parabolic trough projects built in the 1980s, virtually no large-scale or “utility-scale” solar projects – defined here to include any groundmounted photovoltaic (“PV”), concentrating photovoltaic (“CPV”), or concentrating solar thermal power (“CSP”) project larger than 5 MW AC – existed in the United States prior to 2007. By 2012 – just five years later – utility-scale had become the largest sector of the overall PV market in the United States, a distinction that was repeated in both 2013 and 2014 and that is expected to continue for at least the nextmore » few years. Over this same short period, CSP also experienced a bit of a renaissance in the United States, with a number of large new parabolic trough and power tower systems – some including thermal storage – achieving commercial operation. With this critical mass of new utility-scale projects now online and in some cases having operated for a number of years (generating not only electricity, but also empirical data that can be mined), the rapidly growing utility-scale sector is ripe for analysis. This report, the third edition in an ongoing annual series, meets this need through in-depth, annually updated, data-driven analysis of not just installed project costs or prices – i.e., the traditional realm of solar economics analyses – but also operating costs, capacity factors, and power purchase agreement (“PPA”) prices from a large sample of utility-scale solar projects in the United States. Given its current dominance in the market, utility-scale PV also dominates much of this report, though data from CPV and CSP projects are presented where appropriate.« less

High temperature tubular solid oxide fuel cell development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ray, E. R.

Important to the development commercialization of any new technology is a field test program. This is a mutually beneficial program for both the developer and the prospective user. The developer is able to acquire valuable field operating experience that is not available in a laboratory while the user has the opportunity to become familiar with the new technology and gains a working knowledge of it through hands-on experience. Westinghouse, recognizing these benefits, initiated a program in 1986 by supplying a 400 W SOFC generator to Tennessee Valley Authority. This generator operated for approximately 1,760 hours and was constructed of twenty-four 30 cm thick-wall PST cells. In 1987, three, 3 kW SOFC generators were installed and operated at the facilities of the Tokyo Gas Company and the Osaka Gas Company. At Osaka Gas, two generators were used. First a training generator, operated for 2900 hours before it was replaced on a preplanned schedule with the second generator. The second generator operated for 3,600 hours. Tokyo Gas generator was operated for 4,900 hours. These generators had a 98 percent availability and measured NO(x) levels of less than 1.3 ppm. The 3 kW SOFC generators were constructed of 144 36 cm thick-wall PST cells. The 3 kW generators, as was the TVA generator, were fueled with hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The next major milestone in the field unit program was reached in early 1992 with the delivery to the UTILITIES, a consortium of the Kansai Electric Power company, the Tokyo Gas Company, and the Osaka Gas Company, of a natural gas fueled all electric SOFC system. This system is rated at a nominal 25 kW dc with a peak capacity of 40 kW dc. The NO(x) was measured at less than 0.3 ppM (corrected to 15 percent oxygen). The system consists of 1152 cells (thin-wall PST) of 50 cm active length, manufactured at the PPMF. Cells are contained in two independently controlled and operated generators.

W.A. Parish Post Combustion CO 2 Capture and Sequestration Project Final Public Design Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Armpriester, Anthony

The Petra Nova Project is a commercial scale post-combustion carbon dioxide capture project that is being developed by a joint venture between NRG Energy (NRG) and JX Nippon Oil and Gas Exploration (JX). The project is designed to separate and capture carbon dioxide from an existing coal-fired unit's flue gas slipstream at NRG's W.A. Parish Generation Station located southwest of Houston, Texas. The captured carbon dioxide will be transported by pipeline and injected into the West Ranch oil field to boost oil production. The project, which is partially funded by financial assistance from the U.S. Department of Energy will usemore » Mitsubishi Heavy Industries of America, Inc.'s Kansai Mitsubishi Carbon Dioxide Recovery (KM-CDR(R)) advanced amine-based carbon dioxide absorption technology to treat and capture at least 90% of the carbon dioxide from a 240 megawatt equivalent flue gas slipstream off of Unit 8 at W.A. Parish. The project will capture approximately 5,000 tons of carbon dioxide per day or 1.5 million tons per year that Unit 8 would otherwise emit, representing the largest commercial scale deployment of post-combustion carbon dioxide capture at a coal power plant to date. The joint venture issued full notice to proceed in July 2014 and when complete, the project is expected to be the world's largest post-combustion carbon dioxide capture facility on an existing coal plant. The detailed engineering is sufficiently complete to prepare and issue the Final Public Design Report.« less

Commercial Crop Yields Reveal Strengths and Weaknesses for Organic Agriculture in the United States.

PubMed

Kniss, Andrew R; Savage, Steven D; Jabbour, Randa

2016-01-01

Land area devoted to organic agriculture has increased steadily over the last 20 years in the United States, and elsewhere around the world. A primary criticism of organic agriculture is lower yield compared to non-organic systems. Previous analyses documenting the yield deficiency in organic production have relied mostly on data generated under experimental conditions, but these studies do not necessarily reflect the full range of innovation or practical limitations that are part of commercial agriculture. The analysis we present here offers a new perspective, based on organic yield data collected from over 10,000 organic farmers representing nearly 800,000 hectares of organic farmland. We used publicly available data from the United States Department of Agriculture to estimate yield differences between organic and conventional production methods for the 2014 production year. Similar to previous work, organic crop yields in our analysis were lower than conventional crop yields for most crops. Averaged across all crops, organic yield averaged 67% of conventional yield [corrected]. However, several crops had no significant difference in yields between organic and conventional production, and organic yields surpassed conventional yields for some hay crops. The organic to conventional yield ratio varied widely among crops, and in some cases, among locations within a crop. For soybean (Glycine max) and potato (Solanum tuberosum), organic yield was more similar to conventional yield in states where conventional yield was greatest. The opposite trend was observed for barley (Hordeum vulgare), wheat (Triticum aestevum), and hay crops, however, suggesting the geographical yield potential has an inconsistent effect on the organic yield gap.

Commercial Crop Yields Reveal Strengths and Weaknesses for Organic Agriculture in the United States

PubMed Central

Savage, Steven D.; Jabbour, Randa

2016-01-01

Land area devoted to organic agriculture has increased steadily over the last 20 years in the United States, and elsewhere around the world. A primary criticism of organic agriculture is lower yield compared to non-organic systems. Previous analyses documenting the yield deficiency in organic production have relied mostly on data generated under experimental conditions, but these studies do not necessarily reflect the full range of innovation or practical limitations that are part of commercial agriculture. The analysis we present here offers a new perspective, based on organic yield data collected from over 10,000 organic farmers representing nearly 800,000 hectares of organic farmland. We used publicly available data from the United States Department of Agriculture to estimate yield differences between organic and conventional production methods for the 2014 production year. Similar to previous work, organic crop yields in our analysis were lower than conventional crop yields for most crops. Averaged across all crops, organic yield averaged 80% of conventional yield. However, several crops had no significant difference in yields between organic and conventional production, and organic yields surpassed conventional yields for some hay crops. The organic to conventional yield ratio varied widely among crops, and in some cases, among locations within a crop. For soybean (Glycine max) and potato (Solanum tuberosum), organic yield was more similar to conventional yield in states where conventional yield was greatest. The opposite trend was observed for barley (Hordeum vulgare), wheat (Triticum aestevum), and hay crops, however, suggesting the geographical yield potential has an inconsistent effect on the organic yield gap. PMID:27552217

Current Status of Study on Hydrogen Production with Space Solar Power Systems (SSPS)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mori, M.; Kagawa, H.; Nagayama, H.; Saito, Y.

2004-12-01

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has been conducting studies on Space Solar Power Systems (SSPS) using microwave and laser beams for years since FY1998 organizing a special committee and working groups. The microwave based SSPS are huge solar power systems that generate GW power by solar cells. The electric power is transmitted via microwave from the SSPS to the ground. In the laser based SSPS, a solar condenser equipped with lenses or mirrors and laser-generator would be put into orbit. A laser beam would be sent to Earth-based hydrogen generating device. We are proposing a roadmap that consists of a stepwise approach to achieve commercial SSPS in 20-30 years. The first step is 50kW class Technology Demonstration Satellite to demonstrate microwave power transmission. The second step is to demonstrate robotic assembly of 10MW class large scale flexible structure in space on ISS co-orbit. The third step is to build a prototype SSPS in GEO. The final step is to build commercial SSPS in GEO. We continue the study of SSPS concepts and architectures, technology flight demonstration and major technology development. System design of tens of kW class Technology Demonstration Satellite and conceptual study of 10MW class demonstration system on ISS co-orbit are also conducted. Several key technologies which are needed to be developed in appropriate R&D roadmap, such as high-voltage solar cell array, fiber type of direct solar pumping solid-state laser, high efficiency magnetron, thermal control technology and control technology of large scale flexible structure etc. are also investigated. In the study of concept design of commercial SSPS mentioned above, we have studied some configurations of both microwave based SSPS and laser based SSPS. In case of microwave based SSPS, the solar energy must be converted to electricity and then converted to a microwave beam. The on-ground rectifying antenna will collect the microwave beam and convert it to electricity to connect to commercial power grids. From the past experiences of the conceptual design of the1GW class SSPS, it is clear that system with the mirrors and modularized unit which integrated solar cells and microwave power transmitters is promising. In this type of SSPS, the solar lights are directed to the energy conversion unit integrated solar cells and microwave power transmitters using mirrors. The key factor in designing systems is feasibility of thermal system. Considering above these factors, some reference models are being considered now. FY2003 reference model is the model for formation flight without the center truss which connect to primary mirrors to energy conversion unit. Using this model as basis, we are carrying out examination from various viewpoints aiming at the cost minimum to build and maintain the systems. In case of laser based SSPS, the laser beam would be directly produced from the solar light using the direct solar pumping solid-state laser device. This laser beams would be collected on ground and used to produce hydrogen from seawater. The receiving / energy conversion station is settled on an ocean, and producing hydrogen can be stored and transported by ships to consumers. In designing laser based SSPS, conversion efficiency of the direct solar pumping solid-state laser and feasibility of thermal system are critical factors. Since magnification of solar concentrator is very high, improvement of thermal control system is important. Feasibility of its ground facilities and production technology of hydrogen using laser beams has been also studied. Both hydrogen generating systems with photo-catalyst device and electrolytic ones have been examined. From the past experiences of this study, high efficient electric power generating technology using the solar cell which suited the wavelength of laser is promising. The life cycle cost model of laser based SSPS was created and evaluated its validity. Sensitivity analysis of laser based SSPS are also continued aiming at hydrogen generating cost of around 20 cent per Nm3 . This paper presents a summary of studies on SSPS that JAXA has examined.

36 CFR 13.1132 - What types of commercial fishing are authorized in Glacier Bay?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM UNITS IN ALASKA Special Regulations-Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve Commercial Fishing § 13.1132 What types of commercial fishing are... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What types of commercial...

36 CFR 13.1132 - What types of commercial fishing are authorized in Glacier Bay?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM UNITS IN ALASKA Special Regulations-Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve Commercial Fishing § 13.1132 What types of commercial fishing are... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What types of commercial...

Commercial Skills Test Information Management System final report and self-sustainability plan : [technology brief].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-04-01

The Commercial Skills Test Information Management System (CSTIMS) was developed to address the fraudulent issuance of commercial drivers licenses (CDLs) across the United States. CSTIMS was developed as a Web-based, software-as-a-service system to...

Timber resource statistics for the upper Tanana block, Tanana inventory unit, Alaska, 1974.

Treesearch

Karl M. Hegg

1983-01-01

This report for the 3.6-million-acre Upper Tanana block is the third of four on the 14-million-acre Tanana Valley forest inventory unit. Descriptions of area, climate, forest, general resource use, and inventory methodology are presented. Area and volume tables are provided for commercial and operable noncommercial forest lands. Estimates for commercial forest land...

The cooperative forestry research unit Commercial Thinning Research Network--9-year results

Treesearch

Robert S. Seymour; Spencer R. Meyer; Robert G. Wagner

2014-01-01

The Commercial Thinning Research Network (CTRN) was established throughout the spruce-fir forest of Maine beginning in 2000 with substantial funding from the University of Maine's Cooperative Forestry Research Unit. One of six replicates of the precommercially thinned stand condition in the CTRN is located in compartment 23A in the U.S. Department of Agriculture,...

Development of a solar powered residential air conditioner (General optimization)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lowen, D. J.

1976-01-01

A commercially available 3-ton residential Lithium Bromide (LiBr) absorption air conditioner was modified for use with lower temperature solar heated water. The modification included removal of components such as the generator, concentration control chamber, liquid trap, and separator; and the addition of a Chrysler designed generator, an off-the-shelf LiBr-solution pump. The design goal of the modified unit was to operate with water as the heat-transfer fluid at a target temperature of 85 C (185 F), 29.4 C (85 F) cooling water inlet, producing 10.5 kW (3 tons) of cooling. Tests were performed on the system before and after modification to provide comparative data. At elevated temperatures (96 C, 205 F), the test results show that Lithium Bromide was carried into the condenser due to the extremely violent boiling and degraded the evaporator performance.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

J. E. Lawson, R. Marsala, S. Ramakrishnan, X. Zhao, P. Sichta

In order to provide improved and expanded experimental capabilities, the existing Transrex power supplies at PPPL are to be upgraded and modernized. Each of the 39 power supplies consists of two six pulse silicon controlled rectifier sections forming a twelve pulse power supply. The first modification is to split each supply into two independent six pulse supplies by replacing the existing obsolete twelve pulse firing generator with two commercially available six pulse firing generators. The second change replaces the existing control link with a faster system, with greater capacity, which will allow for independent control of all 78 power supplymore » sections. The third change replaces the existing Computer Automated Measurement and Control (CAMAC) based fault detector with an Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) compatible unit, eliminating the obsolete CAMAC modules. Finally the remaining relay logic and interfaces to the "Hardwired Control System" will be replaces with a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC).« less

Cost trends among commercially insured and Medicare Advantage-insured patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: 2006 through 2009.

PubMed

Dalal, Anand A; Liu, Fang; Riedel, Aylin A

2011-01-01

Few estimates of health care costs related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are available regarding commercially insured patients in the United States. The aims of this retrospective observational analysis of administrative data were to describe and compare health care resource use and costs related to COPD in the United States for patients with commercial insurance or Medicare Advantage with Part D benefits, and to assess cost trends over time. Patient-level and visit-level health care costs in the calendar years 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009 were assessed for patients with evidence of COPD. Generalized linear models adjusting for sex, age category, and geographic region were used to investigate cost trends over time for patients with Medicare or commercial insurance. Medical costs, which ranged from an annual mean of US$2382 (Medicare 2007) to US$3339 (commercial 2009) per patient, comprised the majority of total costs in all years for patients with either type of insurance. COPD-related costs were less for Medicare than commercial cohorts. In the multivariate analysis, total costs increased by approximately 6% per year for commercial insurance patients (cost ratio 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.07; P < 0.001) and 5% per year for Medicare patients (cost ratio 1.05; 95% CI 1.03-1.07; P < 0.001). Costs for outpatient and emergency department visits increased significantly over time in both populations. Standard admission costs increased significantly for Medicare patients (cost ratio 1.03; 95% CI 1.00-1.05; P = 0.03), but not commercial patients, and costs for intensive care unit visits remained stable for both populations. COPD imposed a substantial economic burden on patients and the health care system, with costs increasing significantly in both the Medicare and commercial populations.

The AP1000{sup R} China projects move forward to construction completion and equipment installation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Harrop, G.

2012-07-01

The AP1000 design is the only Generation III+ technology to receive design certification from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. This evolutionary design provides the highest safety and performance standards and has several distinct advantages over other designs, including improved operations and reduced construction schedule risks through the use of modern, modular, engineering principles that allow construction and fabrication tasks traditionally performed in sequence to be undertaken in parallel. Since the first granting of Design Certification in 2005 by the NRC, the AP1000 design has been modified to meet emergent NRC requirements such as those requiring the design to withstand themore » impact of an aircraft crash. Both domestic and foreign utilities have turned to the Westinghouse AP1000 plant design to meet their near - and long-term sustainable energy needs. The first ever deployment of this advanced U.S. nuclear power technology began in China in 2007 with the award of a contract to build four AP1000 units, constructed in pairs at the coastal sites of Sanmen (Zhejiang Province) and Haiyang (Shandong Province). Currently, all four units are at an advanced stage of construction. The commercial operation date for Sanmen Unit 1 is November 2013 followed by Haiyang Unit 1 being operational in May 2014. Construction and equipment manufacture is at an advanced stage. Sanmen Unit 1 equipment that has been delivered includes the reactor vessel, the reactor vessel closure head, the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger, the integrated head package, the polar crane, and the refueling machine. The steam generators are also completed. The RV was installed within the containment vessel building in September 2011. The installation of this major equipment will allow the setting of the containment vessel top head. Haiyang Unit 1 is also achieving significant progress. Significant benefits continue to be realized as a result of lessons learned and experience gained from the first-of-a-kind activities for Sanmen Unit 1 and AP1000 equipment design and manufacturing. For example, the nuclear island basemat at Haiyang Units 1 and 2 and Sanmen Unit 2 was laid in less time than that of Sanmen Unit 1, the ultra-large steam generator and RV forging lead times were reduced for the follow on units, and the fabrication of the auxiliary building module for Haiyang Unit 1 took less time than for the Sanmen first unit. These benefits are also being realized by the United States AP1000 project construction and fabrication modules, and equipment. Some difficulties arise from building this first-of-a-kind (advanced passive) type of plant; however, these difficulties are being overcome and the overall schedule remains achievable. (authors)« less

Coalbed methane resources of the Appalachian Basin, eastern USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Milici, Robert C.; Hatch, Joseph R.; Pawlewicz, Mark J.

2010-01-01

In 2002, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessed the technically recoverable, undiscovered coalbed-gas resources in the Appalachian basin and Black Warrior basin Assessment Provinces as about 15.5 trillion cubic feet. Although these resources are almost equally divided between the two areas, most of the production occurs within relatively small areas within these Provinces, where local geological and geochemical attributes have resulted in the generation and retention of large amounts of methane within the coal beds and have enhanced the producibility of the gas from the coal. In the Appalachian basin, coalbed methane (CBM) tests are commonly commercial where the cumulative coal thickness completed in wells is greater than three meters (10 ft), the depth of burial of the coal beds is greater than 100 m (350 ft), and the coal is in the thermogenic gas window. In addition to the ubiquitous cleating within the coal beds, commercial production may be enhanced by secondary fracture porosity related to supplemental fracture systems within the coal beds. In order to release the methane from microporus coal matrix, most wells are dewatered prior to commercial production of gas. Two Total Petroleum Systems (TPS) were defined by the USGS during the assessment: the Pottsville Coal-bed gas TPS in Alabama, and the Carboniferous Coal-bed Gas TPS in Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, Virginia, Tennessee, and Alabama. These were divided into seven assessment units, of which three had sufficient data to be assessed. Production rates are higher in most horizontal wells drilled into relatively thick coal beds, than in vertical wells; recovery per unit area is greater, and potential adverse environmental impact is decreased.

Sub-orbital commercial Human space flight and informed consent in the United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carminati, Maria-Vittoria « Giugi »; Griffith, Doug; Campbell, Mark R.

2013-12-01

Commercial space flight is expected to rapidly develop in the near future. This will begin with sub-orbital missions and then progress to orbital flights. In the United States, technical informed consent of space flight participants is required by the commercial space flight operator for regulatory purposes. Additionally, though not required by U.S. regulation, the aerospace medicine professional involved in the medical screening of both space flight participants and crewmembers will be asked to assist operators in obtaining medical informed consent for liability purposes. The various US federal and state regulations regarding informed consent for sub-orbital commercial space flight are evolving and are unfamiliar to most aerospace medical professionals and are reviewed and discussed.

Integration of a molten carbonate fuel cell with a direct exhaust absorption chiller

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Margalef, Pere; Samuelsen, Scott

A high market value exists for an integrated high-temperature fuel cell-absorption chiller product throughout the world. While high-temperature, molten carbonate fuel cells are being commercially deployed with combined heat and power (CHP) and absorption chillers are being commercially deployed with heat engines, the energy efficiency and environmental attributes of an integrated high-temperature fuel cell-absorption chiller product are singularly attractive for the emerging distributed generation (DG) combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) market. This study addresses the potential of cooling production by recovering and porting the thermal energy from the exhaust gas of a high-temperature fuel cell (HTFC) to a thermally activated absorption chiller. To assess the practical opportunity of serving an early DG-CCHP market, a commercially available direct fired double-effect absorption chiller is selected that closely matches the exhaust flow and temperature of a commercially available HTFC. Both components are individually modeled, and the models are then coupled to evaluate the potential of a DG-CCHP system. Simulation results show that a commercial molten carbonate fuel cell generating 300 kW of electricity can be effectively coupled with a commercial 40 refrigeration ton (RT) absorption chiller. While the match between the two "off the shelf" units is close and the simulation results are encouraging, the match is not ideal. In particular, the fuel cell exhaust gas temperature is higher than the inlet temperature specified for the chiller and the exhaust flow rate is not sufficient to achieve the potential heat recovery within the chiller heat exchanger. To address these challenges, the study evaluates two strategies: (1) blending the fuel cell exhaust gas with ambient air, and (2) mixing the fuel cell exhaust gases with a fraction of the chiller exhaust gas. Both cases are shown to be viable and result in a temperature drop and flow rate increase of the gases before the chiller inlet. The results show that no risk of cold end corrosion within the chiller heat exchanger exists. In addition, crystallization is not an issue during system operation. Accounting for the electricity and the cooling produced and disregarding the remaining thermal energy, the second strategy is preferred and yields an overall estimated efficiency of 71.7%.

32 CFR 37.1250 - Commercial firm.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Definitions of Terms Used in This Part § 37.1250 Commercial firm. A for-profit firm or segment of a for-profit firm (e.g., a division or other business unit) that does a substantial portion of its business in the commercial marketplace. ...

10 CFR 603.1230 - Commercial firm.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Commercial firm. 603.1230 Section 603.1230 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Definitions of Terms...., a division or other business unit) that does a substantial portion of its business in the commercial...

Low-cost Solar Array Project. Feasibility of the Silane Process for Producing Semiconductor-grade Silicon

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1979-01-01

The feasibility of Union Carbide's silane process for commercial application was established. An integrated process design for an experimental process system development unit and a commercial facility were developed. The corresponding commercial plant economic performance was then estimated.

Stem cell research funding policies and dynamic innovation: a survey of open access and commercialization requirements.

PubMed

Lévesque, Maroussia; Kim, Jihyun Rosel; Isasi, Rosario; Knoppers, Bartha Maria; Plomer, Aurora; Joly, Yann

2014-08-01

This article compares and contrasts the pressures of both open access data sharing and commercialization policies in the context of publicly funded embryonic stem cell research (SCR). First, normative guidelines of international SCR organizations were examined. We then examined SCR funding guidelines and the project evaluation criteria of major funding organizations in the EU, the United Kingdom (UK), Spain, Canada and the United States. Our survey of policies revealed subtle pressures to commercialize research that include: increased funding availability for commercialization opportunities, assistance for obtaining intellectual property rights (IPRs) and legislation mandating commercialization. In lieu of open access models, funders are increasingly opting for limited sharing models or "protected commons" models that make the research available to researchers within the same region or those receiving the same funding. Meanwhile, there still is need for funding agencies to clarify and standardize terms such as "non-profit organizations" and "for-profit research," as more universities are pursuing for-profit or commercial opportunities.

User-generated online health content: a survey of Internet users in the United Kingdom.

PubMed

O'Neill, Braden; Ziebland, Sue; Valderas, Jose; Lupiáñez-Villanueva, Francisco

2014-04-30

The production of health information has begun to shift from commercial organizations to health care users themselves. People increasingly go online to share their own health and illness experiences and to access information others have posted, but this behavior has not been investigated at a population level in the United Kingdom. This study aims to explore access and production of user-generated health content among UK Internet users and to investigate relationships between frequency of use and other variables. We undertook an online survey of 1000 UK Internet users. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses were used to interpret the data. Nearly one-quarter of respondents (23.7%, 237/1000) reported accessing and sharing user-generated health content online, whereas more than 20% (22.2%, 222/1000) were unaware that it was possible to do this. Respondents could be divided into 3 groups based on frequency of use: rare users (78.7%, 612/778) who accessed and shared content less than weekly, users (13.9%, 108/778) who did so weekly, and superusers (7.5%, 58/778) who did so on a daily basis. Superusers were more likely to be male (P<.001) and to be employed (P<.001), but there were no differences between the groups with respect to educational level (P=.99) or health status (P=.63). They were more likely to use the Internet for varied purposes such as banking and shopping (P<.001). Although this study found reasonably widespread access of user-generated online health content, only a minority of respondents reported doing so frequently. As this type of content proliferates, superusers are likely to shape the health information that others access. Further research should assess the effect of user-generated online content on health outcomes and use of health services by Internet users.

A Spatial-Economic Cost-Reduction Pathway Analysis for U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Development from 2015-2030

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Beiter, Philipp; Stehly, Tyler

The potential for cost reduction and economic viability for offshore wind varies considerably within the United States. This analysis models the cost impact of a range of offshore wind locational cost variables across more than 7,000 potential coastal sites in the United States' offshore wind resource area. It also assesses the impact of over 50 technology innovations on potential future costs between 2015 and 2027 (Commercial Operation Date) for both fixed-bottom and floating wind systems. Comparing these costs to an initial assessment of local avoided generating costs, this analysis provides a framework for estimating the economic potential for offshore wind.more » Analyzing economic potential within this framework can help establish a refined understanding across industries of the technology and site-specific risks and opportunities associated with future offshore wind development. The findings from the original report indicate that under the modeled scenario, offshore wind can be expected to achieve significant cost reductions and may approach economic viability in some parts of the United States within the next 15 years.« less

Very large scale monoclonal antibody purification: the case for conventional unit operations.

PubMed

Kelley, Brian

2007-01-01

Technology development initiatives targeted for monoclonal antibody purification may be motivated by manufacturing limitations and are often aimed at solving current and future process bottlenecks. A subject under debate in many biotechnology companies is whether conventional unit operations such as chromatography will eventually become limiting for the production of recombinant protein therapeutics. An evaluation of the potential limitations of process chromatography and filtration using today's commercially available resins and membranes was conducted for a conceptual process scaled to produce 10 tons of monoclonal antibody per year from a single manufacturing plant, a scale representing one of the world's largest single-plant capacities for cGMP protein production. The process employs a simple, efficient purification train using only two chromatographic and two ultrafiltration steps, modeled after a platform antibody purification train that has generated 10 kg batches in clinical production. Based on analyses of cost of goods and the production capacity of this very large scale purification process, it is unlikely that non-conventional downstream unit operations would be needed to replace conventional chromatographic and filtration separation steps, at least for recombinant antibodies.

"Catalysis in a tea bag": synthesis, catalytic performance and recycling of dendrimer-immobilised bis- and trisoxazoline copper catalysts.

PubMed

Gaab, Manuela; Bellemin-Laponnaz, Stéphane; Gade, Lutz H

2009-01-01

Bis- and trisoxazolines (BOX and trisox), containing a linker unit in the ligand backbone that allows their covalent attachment to carbosilane dendrimers, have been employed as polyfunctional ligands for recyclable Cu(II) Lewis acid catalysts that were immobilised in a membrane bag. The oxazolines contained an alkynyl unit attached to their backbone that was deprotonated with LDA or BuLi and then reacted with the chlorosilyl termini of zeroth-, first- and second-generation carbosilane dendrimers in the presence of TlPF(6). The functionalised dendritic systems were subsequently separated from excess ligand by way of dialysis. The general catalytic potential of these systems was assessed by studying two benchmark reactions, the alpha-hydrazination of a beta-keto ester as well as the Henry reaction of 2-nitrobenzaldehyde with nitromethane. For both reactions the bisoxazoline-based catalysts displayed superior selectivity and, in particular, catalyst activity. The latter was interpreted as being due to the hindered decoordination of the third oxazoline unit, the key step in the generation of the active catalyst, in the immobilised trisox-copper complexes. Solutions of the second-generation dendrimer catalysts were placed in membrane bags, fabricated from commercially available dialysis membranes, with the purpose of catalyst recycling based on dialysis. Overall, the supported BOX catalyst gave good and highly reproducible results throughout the study, whereas the performance of the trisox dendrimer system decreased monotonically. The reason for the different behaviour is the markedly lower activity of trisox-based catalysts relative to those based on the BOX ligand. This necessitated an increased reaction time for each cycle of the trisox derivatives, resulting in higher levels of catalyst leaching, which was attributed to a modification of the structure of the membrane by its exposure to the solvent trifluoroethanol at 40 degrees C.

Piscicultura. Productor Comercial de Peces. Guia Tecnica. Documento de trabajo, Programa de Educacion Agricola (Fish Farming. Commercial Fish Producer. Technical Guide. Curriculum Document, Agriculture Education Program).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Puerto Rico State Dept. of Education, Hato Rey. Area for Vocational and Technical Education.

This curriculum guide begins with an introduction, course description, and description of the occupation of commercial fish farmer. A course outline covers five units: starting a business, establishing the fish farm, managing the enterprise, harvesting the fish, and administering the business. For each unit, the following are provided: terminal…

Impact of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal) in Mid-Atlantic tree fruit orchards in the United States: case studies of commercial management

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Four commercial orchards in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States were surveyed weekly in 2010 and 2011 for the presence of brown marmorated stink bug and the injury caused to both apple and peaches. Among tested sampling techniques, baited pyramid traps yielded the most brown marmorated sti...

Timber resource statistics for the Wood-Salcha Block, Tanana inventory unit, Alaska, 1975.

Treesearch

Kenneth C. Winterberger

1983-01-01

This statistical report on timber resources of the 4.1-million-acre Wood-Salcha block is the last of four reports on the 14-million-acre Tanana Valley inventory unit. Tables are provided for commercial and operable noncommercial forest land, total gross and net volumes, and annual net growth and mortality. Estimates for commercial forest land total 626,300 acres with...

Evolution of the VLT instrument control system toward industry standards

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kiekebusch, Mario J.; Chiozzi, Gianluca; Knudstrup, Jens; Popovic, Dan; Zins, Gerard

2010-07-01

The VLT control system is a large distributed system consisting of Linux Workstations providing the high level coordination and interfaces to the users, and VME-based Local Control Units (LCU's) running the VxWorks real-time operating system with commercial and proprietary boards acting as the interface to the instrument functions. After more than 10 years of VLT operations, some of the applied technologies used by the astronomical instruments are being discontinued making it difficult to find adequate hardware for future projects. In order to deal with this obsolescence, the VLT Instrumentation Framework is being extended to adopt well established Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) components connected through industry standard fieldbuses. This ensures a flexible state of the art hardware configuration for the next generation VLT instruments allowing the access to instrument devices via more compact and simpler control units like PC-based Programmable Logical Controllers (PLC's). It also makes it possible to control devices directly from the Instrument Workstation through a normal Ethernet connection. This paper outlines the requirements that motivated this work, as well as the architecture and the design of the framework extension. In addition, it describes the preliminary results on a use case which is a VLTI visitor instrument used as a pilot project to validate the concepts and the suitability of some COTS products like a PC-based PLCs, EtherCAT8 and OPC UA6 as solutions for instrument control.

Buying time: Franchising hazardous and nuclear waste cleanup

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hale, D.R.

This paper describes a private franchise approach to long-term custodial care, monitoring and eventual cleanup of hazardous and nuclear waste sites. The franchise concept could be applied to Superfund sites, decommissioning commercial reactors and safeguarding their wastes and to Department of Energy sites. Privatization would reduce costs by enforcing efficient operations and capital investments during the containment period, by providing incentives for successful innovation and by sustaining containment until the cleanup`s net benefits exceed its costs. The franchise system would also permit local governments and citizens to demand and pay for more risk reduction than provided by the federal government.more » In principle, they would have the option of taking over site management. The major political drawback of the idea is that it requires society to be explicit about what it is willing to pay for now to protect current and future generations. Hazardous waste sites are enduring legacies of energy development. Abandoned mines, closed refineries, underground storage tanks and nuclear facilities have often become threats to human health and water quality. The policy of the United States government is that such sites should quickly be made nonpolluting and safe for unrestricted use. That is, the policy of the United States is prompt cleanup. Orphaned commercial hazardous waste sites are addressed by the US Environmental Protection Agency`s Superfund program. 17 refs., 2 tabs.« less

KSC-2012-3152

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-04-06

DALLAS – This computational fluid dynamics CFD image was taken during a series of wind tunnel tests for Blue Origin's next-generation Space Vehicle at Lockheed Martin's High Speed Wind Tunnel Facility in Dallas. The Space Vehicle's innovative biconic shape is designed to provide more cross-range and interior volume than a traditional capsule and weigh less than a winged vehicle. More than 180 wind tunnel tests validated the company's analysis of the Space Vehicle's aerodynamics during descent through the atmosphere and the ability to change its flight path, which could increase the number of available landing opportunities and enhance the vehicle's emergency return capability. In 2011, NASA selected Blue Origin during Commercial Crew Development Round 2 CCDev2) activities for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program to mature the design and development of a crew transportation system with the overall goal of accelerating a United States-led capability to the International Space Station. The goal of CCP is to drive down the cost of space travel as well as open up space to more people than ever before by balancing industry’s own innovative capabilities with NASA's 50 years of human spaceflight experience. Six other aerospace companies also are maturing launch vehicle and spacecraft designs under CCDev2, including Alliant Techsystems Inc. ATK, The Boeing Co., Excalibur Almaz Inc., Sierra Nevada Corp., Space Exploration Technologies SpaceX, and United Launch Alliance ULA. For more information, visit www.nasa.gov/commercialcrew. Image credit: Blue Origin

When Spreadsheets Become Software - Quality Control Challenges and Approaches - 13360

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fountain, Stefanie A.; Chen, Emmie G.; Beech, John F.

2013-07-01

As part of a preliminary waste acceptance criteria (PWAC) development, several commercial models were employed, including the Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance model (HELP) [1], the Disposal Unit Source Term - Multiple Species model (DUSTMS) [2], and the Analytical Transient One, Two, and Three-Dimensional model (AT123D) [3]. The results of these models were post-processed in MS Excel spreadsheets to convert the model results to alternate units, compare the groundwater concentrations to the groundwater concentration thresholds, and then to adjust the waste contaminant masses (based on average concentration over the waste volume) as needed in an attempt to achieve groundwater concentrationsmore » at the limiting point of assessment that would meet the compliance concentrations while maximizing the potential use of the landfill (i.e., maximizing the volume of projected waste being generated that could be placed in the landfill). During the course of the PWAC calculation development, one of the Microsoft (MS) Excel spreadsheets used to post-process the results of the commercial model packages grew to include more than 575,000 formulas across 18 worksheets. This spreadsheet was used to assess six base scenarios as well as nine uncertainty/sensitivity scenarios. The complexity of the spreadsheet resulted in the need for a rigorous quality control (QC) procedure to verify data entry and confirm the accuracy of formulas. (authors)« less

Destruction of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Salmonella spp., and Mycoplasma spp. in raw milk by a commercial on-farm high-temperature, short-time pasteurizer.

PubMed

Stabel, J R; Hurd, S; Calvente, L; Rosenbusch, R F

2004-07-01

The 2002 NAHM's Dairy Survey indicated that 87.2% of dairy farms in the United States feed waste milk to their neonatal calves. Although cost-effective, this practice can lead to increased calf morbidity and mortality due to ingestion of pathogenic agents. In an effort to reduce the risk of infection, dairy producers are implementing on-farm pasteurization of the waste milk as a control procedure before feeding the milk to calves. In the present study, the efficacy of a commercial high-temperature, short-time (HTST) on-farm pasteurizer unit to destroy Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Salmonella enterica spp., and Mycoplasma spp. in raw milk was evaluated. Replicate experiments were run for 3 isolates of M. paratuberculosis, 3 serovars of Salmonella (derby, dublin, typhimurium); and 4 species of Mycoplasma (bovis, californicum, canadense, serogroup 7) at 2 different levels of experimental inoculation. In addition, HTST pasteurization experiments were performed on colostrum experimentally inoculated with M. paratuberculosis. After culture of the pasteurized milk samples, no viable M. paratuberculosis, Salmonella, or Mycoplasma were recovered, regardless of species, strain, or isolate. Pasteurization of colostrum was also effective in the destruction of M. paratuberculosis but resulted in an average 25% reduction in colostral immunoglobulin. These results suggest that HTST pasteurization is effective in generating a safer product to feed to young calves.

22 CFR 40.24 - Prostitution and commercialized vice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Prostitution and commercialized vice. 40.24... Certain Crimes § 40.24 Prostitution and commercialized vice. (a) Activities within 10 years preceding visa... United States solely, principally, or incidentally to engage in prostitution, or has engaged in...

7 CFR 944.28 - Avocado Import Grade Regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., seed, or commercial processing into products; prior to or after reconditioning may be exported or..., distribution by relief agencies, seed, or commercial processing into products, but shall be subject to the... importation means release from custody of the United States Customs Service. The term commercial processing...

7 CFR 944.28 - Avocado Import Grade Regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., seed, or commercial processing into products; prior to or after reconditioning may be exported or..., distribution by relief agencies, seed, or commercial processing into products, but shall be subject to the... importation means release from custody of the United States Customs Service. The term commercial processing...

7 CFR 944.28 - Avocado Import Grade Regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., seed, or commercial processing into products; prior to or after reconditioning may be exported or..., distribution by relief agencies, seed, or commercial processing into products, but shall be subject to the... importation means release from custody of the United States Customs Service. The term commercial processing...

7 CFR 944.28 - Avocado Import Grade Regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., seed, or commercial processing into products; prior to or after reconditioning may be exported or..., distribution by relief agencies, seed, or commercial processing into products, but shall be subject to the... importation means release from custody of the United States Customs Service. The term commercial processing...

7 CFR 944.28 - Avocado Import Grade Regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., seed, or commercial processing into products; prior to or after reconditioning may be exported or..., distribution by relief agencies, seed, or commercial processing into products, but shall be subject to the... importation means release from custody of the United States Customs Service. The term commercial processing...

Toward An Affordable Commercial Fuel Cell (LBNL Summer Lecture Series)

ScienceCinema

Visco, Steve [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Materials Sciences Division

2018-02-16

Steve Visco, a materials scientist, has come up with a solid oxide fuel cell that promises to generate electricity as cheaply as the most efficient gas turbine engine. But there's a lot more work to do before commercially viable fuel cells and pollution-free power generators become reality.

Comparison of three commercial knowledge bases for detection of drug-drug interactions in clinical decision support.

PubMed

Fung, Kin Wah; Kapusnik-Uner, Joan; Cunningham, Jean; Higby-Baker, Stefanie; Bodenreider, Olivier

2017-07-01

To compare 3 commercial knowledge bases (KBs) used for detection and avoidance of potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in clinical practice. Drugs in the DDI tables from First DataBank (FDB), Micromedex, and Multum were mapped to RxNorm. The KBs were compared at the clinical drug, ingredient, and DDI rule levels. The KBs were evaluated against a reference list of highly significant DDIs from the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC). The KBs and the ONC list were applied to a prescription data set to simulate their use in clinical decision support. The KBs contained 1.6 million (FDB), 4.5 million (Micromedex), and 4.8 million (Multum) clinical drug pairs. Altogether, there were 8.6 million unique pairs, of which 79% were found only in 1 KB and 5% in all 3 KBs. However, there was generally more agreement than disagreement in the severity rankings, especially in the contraindicated category. The KBs covered 99.8-99.9% of the alerts of the ONC list and would have generated 25 (FDB), 145 (Micromedex), and 84 (Multum) alerts per 1000 prescriptions. The commercial KBs differ considerably in size and quantity of alerts generated. There is less variability in severity ranking of DDIs than suggested by previous studies. All KBs provide very good coverage of the ONC list. More work is needed to standardize the editorial policies and evidence for inclusion of DDIs to reduce variation among knowledge sources and improve relevance. Some DDIs considered contraindicated in all 3 KBs might be possible candidates to add to the ONC list. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Medical Informatics Association 2017. This work is written by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States.

Culture-Independent Metagenomic Surveillance of Commercially Available Probiotics with High-Throughput Next-Generation Sequencing.

PubMed

Patro, Jennifer N; Ramachandran, Padmini; Barnaba, Tammy; Mammel, Mark K; Lewis, Jada L; Elkins, Christopher A

2016-01-01

Millions of people consume dietary supplements either following a doctor's recommendation or at their own discretion to improve their overall health and well-being. This is a rapidly growing trend, with an associated and expanding manufacturing industry to meet the demand for new health-related products. In this study, we examined the contents and microbial viability of several popular probiotic products on the United States market. Culture-independent methods are proving ideal for fast and efficient analysis of foodborne pathogens and their associated microbial communities but may also be relevant for analyzing probiotics containing mixed microbial constituents. These products were subjected to next-generation whole-genome sequencing and analyzed by a custom in-house-developed k-mer counting method to validate manufacturer label information. In addition, the batch variability of respective products was examined to determine if any changes in their formulations and/or the manufacturing process occurred. Overall, the products we tested adhered to the ingredient claims and lot-to-lot differences were minimal. However, there were a few discrepancies in the naming of closely related Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, whereas one product contained an apparent Enterococcus contaminant in two of its three lots. With the microbial contents of the products identified, we used traditional PCR and colony counting methods to comparatively assess our results and verify the viability of the microbes in these products with regard to the labeling claims. Of all the supplements examined, only one was found to be inaccurate in viability. Our use of next-generation sequencing as an analytical tool clearly demonstrated its utility for quickly analyzing commercially available products containing multiple microbes to ensure consumer safety. IMPORTANCE The rapidly growing supplement industry operates without a formal premarket approval process. Consumers rely on product labels to be accurate and true. Those products containing live microbials report both identity and viability on most product labels. This study used next-generation sequencing technology as an analytical tool in conjunction with classic culture methods to examine the validity of the labels on supplement products containing live microbials found in the United States marketplace. Our results show the importance of testing these products for identity, viability, and potential contaminants, as well as introduce a new culture-independent diagnostic approach for testing these products. Podcast: A podcast concerning this article is available.

Culture-Independent Metagenomic Surveillance of Commercially Available Probiotics with High-Throughput Next-Generation Sequencing

PubMed Central

Patro, Jennifer N.; Ramachandran, Padmini; Barnaba, Tammy; Mammel, Mark K.; Lewis, Jada L.

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Millions of people consume dietary supplements either following a doctor’s recommendation or at their own discretion to improve their overall health and well-being. This is a rapidly growing trend, with an associated and expanding manufacturing industry to meet the demand for new health-related products. In this study, we examined the contents and microbial viability of several popular probiotic products on the United States market. Culture-independent methods are proving ideal for fast and efficient analysis of foodborne pathogens and their associated microbial communities but may also be relevant for analyzing probiotics containing mixed microbial constituents. These products were subjected to next-generation whole-genome sequencing and analyzed by a custom in-house-developed k-mer counting method to validate manufacturer label information. In addition, the batch variability of respective products was examined to determine if any changes in their formulations and/or the manufacturing process occurred. Overall, the products we tested adhered to the ingredient claims and lot-to-lot differences were minimal. However, there were a few discrepancies in the naming of closely related Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, whereas one product contained an apparent Enterococcus contaminant in two of its three lots. With the microbial contents of the products identified, we used traditional PCR and colony counting methods to comparatively assess our results and verify the viability of the microbes in these products with regard to the labeling claims. Of all the supplements examined, only one was found to be inaccurate in viability. Our use of next-generation sequencing as an analytical tool clearly demonstrated its utility for quickly analyzing commercially available products containing multiple microbes to ensure consumer safety. IMPORTANCE The rapidly growing supplement industry operates without a formal premarket approval process. Consumers rely on product labels to be accurate and true. Those products containing live microbials report both identity and viability on most product labels. This study used next-generation sequencing technology as an analytical tool in conjunction with classic culture methods to examine the validity of the labels on supplement products containing live microbials found in the United States marketplace. Our results show the importance of testing these products for identity, viability, and potential contaminants, as well as introduce a new culture-independent diagnostic approach for testing these products. Podcast: A podcast concerning this article is available. PMID:27303722

Application of laser-based profilometry to tubing in power generating utilities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doyle, James L.

1995-05-01

Over the past several years lasers have been employed in an ever widening number of applications in an incredibly diverse set of markets. In the area of nondestructive testing, however, laser-based systems have only recently made inroads into the commercial markets. About ten years ago QUEST Integrated, Inc., began working with the U.S. Navy to adapt the principal of laser triangulation to solve a serious maintenance related problem. The internal surfaces of marine boiler tubes were experiencing pitting and corrosion which had resulted in catastrophic shipboard failures. At that time, conventional visual methods only allowed operators to inspect the first eighteen inches of the tube using a rigid borescope. If any pits were located, a mechanical stylus mechanism was used to obtain an approximate depth measurement of the pit. The condition of the balance of the tube was then extrapolated based on this extremely limited amount of information. Often the worst pitting was found in the bends of the tube, which could not be inspected by the visual method. Finally, a catastrophic boiler failure on an aircraft carrier resulted in the initiation of a search by the U.S. Navy for a better solution. Quest was contracted to develop an articulated probe which could negotiate the full length of a boiler tube with multiple bends, and generate a complete digital map of the inside surface. A key requirement of this probe would be rapid and quantitative measurement of internal features such as ID pits and corrosion. In 1987 QUEST delivered the first laser- optic tube inspection system to the U.S. Navy for use in marine boiler tubes. The Laser Optic Tube Inspection System (LOTISTM) was immediately put to use and paid for itself many times over in reduced maintenance costs. Over the next six years several generations of LOTIS were developed for the U.S. Navy, each one providing more capabilities, improved inspection speeds, and more user friendly operator interface. Today, LOTIS is used for routine inspections on marine boiler tubes by the U.S. Navy, with units located in several parts of the United States and overseas. In 1993 QUEST began exploring the possibility of extending this technology to the inspection of commercial tubes used in power generation and chemical processing. The following is an overview of the use of laser profilometry for nondestructive testing.

A difference-matrix metaheuristic for intensity map segmentation in step-and-shoot IMRT delivery.

PubMed

Gunawardena, Athula D A; D'Souza, Warren D; Goadrich, Laura D; Meyer, Robert R; Sorensen, Kelly J; Naqvi, Shahid A; Shi, Leyuan

2006-05-21

At an intermediate stage of radiation treatment planning for IMRT, most commercial treatment planning systems for IMRT generate intensity maps that describe the grid of beamlet intensities for each beam angle. Intensity map segmentation of the matrix of individual beamlet intensities into a set of MLC apertures and corresponding intensities is then required in order to produce an actual radiation delivery plan for clinical use. Mathematically, this is a very difficult combinatorial optimization problem, especially when mechanical limitations of the MLC lead to many constraints on aperture shape, and setup times for apertures make the number of apertures an important factor in overall treatment time. We have developed, implemented and tested on clinical cases a metaheuristic (that is, a method that provides a framework to guide the repeated application of another heuristic) that efficiently generates very high-quality (low aperture number) segmentations. Our computational results demonstrate that the number of beam apertures and monitor units in the treatment plans resulting from our approach is significantly smaller than the corresponding values for treatment plans generated by the heuristics embedded in a widely use commercial system. We also contrast the excellent results of our fast and robust metaheuristic with results from an 'exact' method, branch-and-cut, which attempts to construct optimal solutions, but, within clinically acceptable time limits, generally fails to produce good solutions, especially for intensity maps with more than five intensity levels. Finally, we show that in no instance is there a clinically significant change of quality associated with our more efficient plans.

Prediction of household and commercial BMW generation according to socio-economic and other factors for the Dublin region.

PubMed

Purcell, M; Magette, W L

2009-04-01

Both planning and design of integrated municipal solid waste management systems require accurate prediction of waste generation. This research predicted the quantity and distribution of biodegradable municipal waste (BMW) generation within a diverse 'landscape' of residential areas, as well as from a variety of commercial establishments (restaurants, hotels, hospitals, etc.) in the Dublin (Ireland) region. Socio-economic variables, housing types, and the sizes and main activities of commercial establishments were hypothesized as the key determinants contributing to the spatial variability of BMW generation. A geographical information system (GIS) 'model' of BMW generation was created using ArcMap, a component of ArcGIS 9. Statistical data including socio-economic status and household size were mapped on an electoral district basis. Historical research and data from scientific literature were used to assign BMW generation rates to residential and commercial establishments. These predictions were combined to give overall BMW estimates for the region, which can aid waste planning and policy decisions. This technique will also aid the design of future waste management strategies, leading to policy and practice alterations as a function of demographic changes and development. The household prediction technique gave a more accurate overall estimate of household waste generation than did the social class technique. Both techniques produced estimates that differed from the reported local authority data; however, given that local authority reported figures for the region are below the national average, with some of the waste generated from apartment complexes being reported as commercial waste, predictions arising from this research are believed to be closer to actual waste generation than a comparison to reported data would suggest. By changing the input data, this estimation tool can be adapted for use in other locations. Although focusing on waste in the Dublin region, this method of waste prediction can have significant potential benefits if a universal method can be found to apply it effectively.

Solar thermal central receivers for industrial process heat generation: User views and recommendations for commercialization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fish, M. J.

1981-08-01

Results of recent meetings with several private industrial groups in which solar thermal central receivers were discussed in depth as a potential for industrial process heat generation are summarized. Topics covering potential economics, technical requirements, and actions to promote commercialization of the technology are presented. These findings are then translated into recommendations for commercialization in private industrial markets. Key points include the need for small scale systems integration projects in addition to the 10 MW/sub e/ plant under construction at Barstow, CA, and the adoption of financial incentives, such as tax credits, for getting the early commercial plants built.

Proximity Operations and Docking Sensor Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howard, Richard T.; Bryan, Thomas C.; Brewster, Linda L.; Lee, James E.

2009-01-01

The Next Generation Advanced Video Guidance Sensor (NGAVGS) has been under development for the last three years as a long-range proximity operations and docking sensor for use in an Automated Rendezvous and Docking (AR&D) system. The first autonomous rendezvous and docking in the history of the U.S. Space Program was successfully accomplished by Orbital Express, using the Advanced Video Guidance Sensor (AVGS) as the primary docking sensor. That flight proved that the United States now has a mature and flight proven sensor technology for supporting Crew Exploration Vehicles (CEV) and Commercial Orbital Transport Systems (COTS) Automated Rendezvous and Docking (AR&D). NASA video sensors have worked well in the past: the AVGS used on the Demonstration of Autonomous Rendezvous Technology (DART) mission operated successfully in spot mode out to 2 km, and the first generation rendezvous and docking sensor, the Video Guidance Sensor (VGS), was developed and successfully flown on Space Shuttle flights in 1997 and 1998. 12 Parts obsolescence issues prevent the construction of more AVGS units, and the next generation sensor was updated to allow it to support the CEV and COTS programs. The flight proven AR&D sensor has been redesigned to update parts and add additional capabilities for CEV and COTS with the development of the Next Generation AVGS at the Marshall Space Flight Center. The obsolete imager and processor are being replaced with new radiation tolerant parts. In addition, new capabilities include greater sensor range, auto ranging capability, and real-time video output. This paper presents some sensor hardware trades, use of highly integrated laser components, and addresses the needs of future vehicles that may rendezvous and dock with the International Space Station (ISS) and other Constellation vehicles. It also discusses approaches for upgrading AVGS to address parts obsolescence, and concepts for minimizing the sensor footprint, weight, and power requirements. In addition, the testing of the brassboard and proto-type NGAVGS units will be discussed along with the use of the NGAVGS as a proximity operations and docking sensor.

Standardized Curriculum for Commercial Garment and Apparel Construction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mississippi State Dept. of Education, Jackson. Office of Vocational, Technical and Adult Education.

Standardized curricula are provided for two courses for the secondary vocational education program in Mississippi: commercial garment and apparel construction I and II. The seven units in commercial garment and apparel construction I are as follows: orientation; securing a job; human relations; safety; maintenance; needle trade techniques; and…

New Hampshire | Midmarket Solar Policies in the United States | Solar

Science.gov Websites

implemented. New Hampshire Public Utilities Commission's (NHPUC) administers a rebate program for commercial Administrator Incentive Commercial & Industrial Solar Incentive Program New Hampshire Public Utilities $0.25/W rebate for residential systems $0.25/W rebate for commercial/government systems Capped at $1,375

36 CFR 13.1316 - Commercial transport of passengers by motor vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... passengers by motor vehicles. 13.1316 Section 13.1316 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM UNITS IN ALASKA Special Regulations-Kenai Fjords National Park General Provisions § 13.1316 Commercial transport of passengers by motor vehicles. Commercial...

7 CFR 786.104 - Eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... number of cows in the dairy herd and annual milk production commercially marketed by all persons in the... operation must: (1) Have produced and commercially marketed milk in the United States and commercially marketed the milk produced anytime during the period of January 2, 2005 through December 30, 2007; (2) Be a...

7 CFR 51.1433 - U.S. Commercial Halves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. Commercial Halves. 51.1433 Section 51.1433 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Shelled Pecans Grades § 51.1433 U.S. Commercial Halves. The...

7 CFR 51.1435 - U.S. Commercial Pieces.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. Commercial Pieces. 51.1435 Section 51.1435 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Shelled Pecans Grades § 51.1435 U.S. Commercial Pieces. The...

10 CFR 431.92 - Definitions concerning commercial air conditioners and heat pumps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... expressed in identical units of measurement. Commercial package air-conditioning and heating equipment means... application. Computer Room Air Conditioner means a basic model of commercial package air-conditioning and heating equipment (packaged or split) that is: Used in computer rooms, data processing rooms, or other...

INTEGRATED POWER GENERATION SYSTEMS FOR COAL MINE WASTE METHANE UTILIZATION

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Peet M. Soot; Dale R. Jesse; Michael E. Smith

2005-08-01

An integrated system to utilize the waste coal mine methane (CMM) at the Federal No. 2 Coal Mine in West Virginia was designed and built. The system includes power generation, using internal combustion engines, along with gas processing equipment to upgrade sub-quality waste methane to pipeline quality standards. The power generation has a nominal capacity of 1,200 kw and the gas processing system can treat about 1 million cubic feet per day (1 MMCFD) of gas. The gas processing is based on the Northwest Fuel Development, Inc. (NW Fuel) proprietary continuous pressure swing adsorption (CPSA) process that can remove nitrogenmore » from CMM streams. The two major components of the integrated system are synergistic. The byproduct gas stream from the gas processing equipment can be used as fuel for the power generating equipment. In return, the power generating equipment provides the nominal power requirements of the gas processing equipment. This Phase III effort followed Phase I, which was comprised of a feasibility study for the project, and Phase II, where the final design for the commercial-scale demonstration was completed. The fact that NW Fuel is desirous of continuing to operate the equipment on a commercial basis provides the validation for having advanced the project through all of these phases. The limitation experienced by the project during Phase III was that the CMM available to operate the CPSA system on a commercial basis was not of sufficiently high quality. NW Fuel's CPSA process is limited in its applicability, requiring a relatively high quality of gas as the feed to the process. The CPSA process was demonstrated during Phase III for a limited time, during which the processing capabilities met the expected results, but the process was never capable of providing pipeline quality gas from the available low quality CMM. The NW Fuel CPSA process is a low-cost ''polishing unit'' capable of removing a few percent nitrogen. It was never intended to process CMM streams containing high levels of nitrogen, as is now the case at the Federal No.2 Mine. Even lacking the CPSA pipeline delivery demonstration, the project was successful in laying the groundwork for future commercial applications of the integrated system. This operation can still provide a guide for other coal mines which need options for utilization of their methane resources. The designed system can be used as a complete template, or individual components of the system can be segregated and utilized separately at other mines. The use of the CMM not only provides an energy fuel from an otherwise wasted resource, but it also yields an environmental benefit by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The methane has twenty times the greenhouse effect as compared to carbon dioxide, which the combustion of the methane generates. The net greenhouse gas emission mitigation is substantial.« less

Pathways for Disposal of Commercially-Generated Tritiated Waste

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Halverson, Nancy V.

From a waste disposal standpoint, tritium is a major challenge. Because it behaves like hydrogen, tritium exchanges readily with hydrogen in the ground water and moves easily through the ground. Land disposal sites must control the tritium activity and mobility of incoming wastes to protect human health and the environment. Consequently, disposal of tritiated low-level wastes is highly regulated and disposal options are limited. The United States has had eight operating commercial facilities licensed for low-level radioactive waste disposal, only four of which are currently receiving waste. Each of these is licensed and regulated by its state. Only two ofmore » these sites accept waste from states outside of their specified regional compact. For waste streams that cannot be disposed directly at one of the four active commercial low-level waste disposal facilities, processing facilities offer various forms of tritiated low-level waste processing and treatment, and then transport and dispose of the residuals at a disposal facility. These processing facilities may remove and recycle tritium, reduce waste volume, solidify liquid waste, remove hazardous constituents, or perform a number of additional treatments. Waste brokers also offer many low-level and mixed waste management and transportation services. These services can be especially helpful for small-quantity tritiated-waste generators, such as universities, research institutions, medical facilities, and some industries. The information contained in this report covers general capabilities and requirements for the various disposal/processing facilities and brokerage companies, but is not considered exhaustive. Typically, each facility has extensive waste acceptance criteria and will require a generator to thoroughly characterize their wastes. Then a contractual agreement between the waste generator and the disposal/processing/broker entity must be in place before waste is accepted. Costs for tritiated waste transportation, processing and disposal vary based a number of factors. In many cases, wastes with very low radioactivity are priced primarily based on weight or volume. For higher activities, costs are based on both volume and activity, with the activity-based charges usually being much larger than volume-based charges. Other factors affecting cost include location, waste classification and form, other hazards in the waste, etc. Costs may be based on general guidelines used by an individual disposal or processing site, but final costs are established by specific contract with each generator. For this report, seven hypothetical waste streams intended to represent commercially-generated tritiated waste were defined in order to calculate comparative costs. Ballpark costs for disposition of these hypothetical waste streams were calculated. These costs ranged from thousands to millions of dollars. Due to the complexity of the cost-determining factors mentioned above, the costs calculated in this report should be understood to represent very rough cost estimates for the various hypothetical wastes. Actual costs could be higher or could be lower due to quantity discounts or other factors.« less

Long life, low cost, rechargeable AgZn battery for non-military applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brown, Curtis C.

1996-03-01

Of the rechargeable (secondary) battery systems with mature technology, the silver oxide-zinc system (AgZn) safely offers the highest power and energy (watts and watt hours) per unit of volume and mass. As a result they have long been used for aerospace and defense applications where they have also proven their high reliability. In the past, the expense associated with the cost of silver and the resulting low production volume have limited their commercial application. However, the relative low cost of silver now make this system feasible in many applications where high energy and reliability are required. One area of commercial potential is power for a new generation of sophisticated, portable medical equipment. AgZn batteries have recently proven ``enabling technology'' for power critical, advanced medical devices. By extending the cycle calendar life to the system (offers both improved performance and lower operating cost), a combination is achieved which may enable a wide range of future electrical devices. Other areas where AgZn batteries have been used in nonmilitary applications to provide power to aid in the development of commercial equipment have been: (a) Electrically powered vehicles; (b) Remote sensing in nuclear facilities; (c) Special effects equipment for movies; (d) Remote sensing in petroleum pipe lines; (e) Portable computers; (f) Fly by wire systems for commercial aircraft; and (g) Robotics. However none of these applications have progressed to the level where the volume required will significantly lower cost.

15 CFR 971.416 - Approval of permit transfers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SERVICE DEEP SEABED MINING REGULATIONS FOR COMMERCIAL RECOVERY PERMITS Issuance/Transfer... transferee is a United States citizen and proposed commercial recovery activities meet the requirements of...

Increased Efficiency of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator through Optimization of NdFeB Magnet Arrays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khazdozian, Helena; Hadimani, Ravi; Jiles, David

2014-03-01

The United States is currently dependent on fossil fuels for the majority of its energy needs, which has many negative consequences such as climate change. Wind turbines present a viable alternative, with the highest energy return on investment among even fossil fuel generation. Traditional commercial wind turbines use an induction generator for energy conversion. However, induction generators require a gearbox to increase the rotational speed of the drive shaft. These gearboxes increase the overall cost of the wind turbine and account for about 35 percent of reported wind turbine failures. Direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) offer an alternative to induction generators which eliminate the need for a gearbox. Yet, PMSGs can be more expensive than induction generators at large power output due to their size and weight. To increase the efficiency of PMSGs, the geometry and configuration of NdFeB permanent magnets were investigated using finite element techniques. The optimized design of the PMSG increases flux density and minimizes cogging torque with NdFeB permanent magnets of a reduced volume. These factors serve to increase the efficiency and reduce the overall cost of the PMSG. This work is supported by a National Science Foundation IGERT fellowship and the Barbara and James Palmer Endowment at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of Iowa State University.

Electricity market liberalization under the power of customer value evaluation and service model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bai, Hong Kun; Wang, Jiang Bo; Song, Da Wei

2018-06-01

After the power reform No. 9 was released in March 2015, the state officially released the Opinions on the Implementation of the Reform on the Power Sales Side. From this document, we can see that the openness of sales of social capital to the electricity business, the sales side of the market competition through multiple ways to train the main competitors, the result is more users have the right to choose, sales service quality and user energy levels will significantly improve. With the gradual promotion of the electricity sales market, the national electricity sales companies have been established one after another. In addition to power grid outside the power generation companies, energy-saving service companies and distributed power companies may become the main selling power, while industrial parks, commercial complex, large residential area, industrial and commercial users, large industrial users in the new electricity demand appearing The new changes, some power customers have also self-built distributed power supply, installation of energy storage devices or equipment to participate in the transformation of the electricity market. The main body of the electricity sales market has gradually evolved from the traditional electricity generation main body to the multi-unit main body and emerged new value points. Therefore, the electricity sales companies need to establish a power customer value evaluation method and service mode to adapt to the new electricity reform, Provide supportive decision support.

A Thermally Powered ISFET Array for On-Body pH Measurement.

PubMed

Douthwaite, Matthew; Koutsos, Ermis; Yates, David C; Mitcheson, Paul D; Georgiou, Pantelis

2017-12-01

Recent advances in electronics and electrochemical sensors have led to an emerging class of next generation wearables, detecting analytes in biofluids such as perspiration. Most of these devices utilize ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) as a detection method; however, ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) offer a solution with improved integration and a low power consumption. This work presents a wearable, thermoelectrically powered system composed of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), two commercial power management integrated circuits and a network of commercial thermoelectric generators (TEGs). The ASIC is fabricated in 0.35 m CMOS and contains an ISFET array designed to read pH as a current, a processing module which averages the signal to reduce noise and encodes it into a frequency, and a transmitter. The output frequency has a measured sensitivity of 6 to 8 kHz/pH for a pH range of 7-5. It is shown that the sensing array and processing module has a power consumption 6 W and, therefore, can be entirely powered by body heat using a TEG. Array averaging is shown to reduce noise at these low power levels to 104 V (input referred integrated noise), reducing the minimum detectable limit of the ASIC to 0.008 pH units. The work forms the foundation and proves the feasibility of battery-less, on-body electrochemical for perspiration analysis in sports science and healthcare applications.

Recombinational Cloning Using Gateway and In-Fusion Cloning Schemes

PubMed Central

Throop, Andrea L.; LaBaer, Joshua

2015-01-01

The comprehensive study of protein structure and function, or proteomics, depends on the obtainability of full-length cDNAs in species-specific expression vectors and subsequent functional analysis of the expressed protein. Recombinational cloning is a universal cloning technique based on site-specific recombination that is independent of the insert DNA sequence of interest, which differentiates this method from the classical restriction enzyme-based cloning methods. Recombinational cloning enables rapid and efficient parallel transfer of DNA inserts into multiple expression systems. This unit summarizes strategies for generating expression-ready clones using the most popular recombinational cloning technologies, including the commercially available Gateway® (Life Technologies) and In-Fusion® (Clontech) cloning technologies. PMID:25827088

Concept and realization of a fully configurable and programmable data-acquisition system for the neutron scattering instruments at SINQ

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Greuter, U.; Buehler, C.; Rasmussen, P.; Emmenegger, M.; Maden, D.; Koennecke, M.; Schlumpf, N.

We present the basic concept and the realization of our fully configurable data-acquisition hardware for the neutron scattering instruments at SINQ. This system allows collection of the different data entities and event-related signals generated by the various detector units. It offers a variety of synchronization options, including a time-measuring mode for time-of-flight determinations. Based on configurable logic (FPGA, CPLD), event rates up to the MHz range can be processed and transmitted to a programmable online data-reduction system (Histogram Memory). It is implemented on a commercially available VME Power PC module running a real-time operating system (VxWorks).

Heating and Cooling System Design for a Modern Transportable Container

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Berger, Jason E.

Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has been tasked with the design of a modern transportable container (MTC) for use in high reliability transportation environments. The container is required to transport cargo capable of generating its own heat and operate under the United States’ climatic extremes. In response to these requirements, active heating and cooling is necessary to maintain a controlled environment inside the container. The following thesis project documents the design of an active heating, active cooling, and combined active heating and cooling system (now referred to as active heating and cooling systems) through computational thermal analyses, scoping of commercial systemmore » options, and mechanical integration with the container’s structure.« less

2015 Cost of Wind Energy Review

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mone, Christopher; Hand, Maureen; Bolinger, Mark

This report uses representative commercial projects to estimate the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for both land-based and offshore wind plants in the United States for 2015. Scheduled to be published on an annual basis, the analysis relies on both market and modeled data to maintain an up-to-date understanding of wind generation cost trends and drivers. It is intended to provide insight into current component-level costs and a basis for understanding variability in the LCOE across the industry. Data and tools developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) are used in this analysis to inform wind technology cost projections,more » goals, and improvement opportunities.« less

Water-use information for California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Templin, W.E.

1986-01-01

This pamphlet reports on the availability of water use information to and for the state of California, through the development of the State Water-Use Data System (SWUDS). SWUDS is currently organized into 12 water use categories: Agricultural non-irrigation; Commercial; Domestic; Industrial; Irrigation; Mining; Power generation--fossil fuel, geothermal, hydroelectric , nuclear; Sewage treatment; and Water supply. The information needs of this system include type of water use (by category); name of water user; location of water use (latitude/longitude, county, and hydrologic unit--drainage basin); sources of water supply and return (fresh, saline, or reclaimed surface or groundwater); volume of water withdrawn, delivered, consumed, released, and returned; and period of water use (month, year). (Lantz-PTT)

[Anesthesiological systems "Polinarkon-Vita" with microprocessor for artificial lung ventilation apparatuses and monitoring].

PubMed

Trushin, A I; Uliakov, G I; Reĭderman, E N

2005-01-01

The anesthesiological systems Polinarkon-Vita for adults and children are described. These systems were developed at VNIIMP-VITA, Ltd. on the basis of basic model of the anesthesiological system Polinarkon-E-Vita. The following new important units of the fifth generation apparatuses for inhalation anesthesia (IA) are described: Anestezist-4 monocomponent evaporator for liquid anesthetics (enfluran and isofluran); Diana, Diana-Det, and Elan-NR apparatuses for mechanical lung ventilation (MLV); dosimeters of medical gases, etc. These systems implement monitoring of vitally important functions of patient and parameters of IN and MLV. The anesthesiological systems Polinarkon-Vita are recommended for medical practice and commercially available from VNIIMP-VITA, Ltd. as small lots.

2014 Cost of Wind Energy Review

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mone, Christopher; Stehly, Tyler; Maples, Ben

2015-10-01

This report uses representative commercial projects to estimate the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for both land-based and offshore wind plants in the United States for 2014. Scheduled to be published on an annual basis, the analysis relies on both market and modeled data to maintain an up-to-date understanding of wind generation cost trends and drivers. It is intended to provide insight into current component-level costs and a basis for understanding variability in the LCOE across the industry. Data and tools developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) are used in this analysis to inform wind technology cost projections,more » goals, and improvement opportunities.« less

Concept and design of the 2.0-m NGAT: the new generation of astronomical telescopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mansfield, Anthony G.

1998-08-01

The Royal Greenwich Observatory and Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom, have joined in a collaboration to produce high quality, ground based robotic telescopes (2.0 to 5.0 m), for use with optical, infrared and interferometric astronomy. This venture has taken the form of a commercial company, Telescope Technologies Limited, to produce the range of Alt-azimuth telescopes. The reliability of the low cost, advanced technology, telescope design will enable remote observing over the Internet. The first two telescopes, currently under production, will see first light in La Palma and India in 1999. This paper covers the concept, design and capability range of the NGAT telescopes.

Project demonstration of wind-turbine electricity: Interconnecting a northern Michigan fruit farm with a major utility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amon, D. M.

Progress is reviewed in a project to test the economic feasibility of wind turbine technology for generating electricity. The use of wind generating electricity on a commercial fruit farm interconnecting a commercial fruit farm with a major utility to sell power are the find project goals.

40 CFR 60.2010 - Does this subpart apply to my incineration unit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... incineration unit? 60.2010 Section 60.2010 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED... for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units for Which Construction Is Commenced After... Applicability § 60.2010 Does this subpart apply to my incineration unit? Yes, if your incineration unit meets...

The SunShot Initiative’s 2030 Goal: 3¢ per Kilowatt Hour for Solar Electricity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

In 2011, when solar power comprised less than 0.1% of the U.S. electricity supply, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) launched the SunShot Initiative with the goal of making solar electricity cost-competitive with traditionally generated electricity by 2020 without subsidies. At the time, this meant reducing photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) prices by approximately 75% across the residential, commercial, and utility-scale sectors. For utility-scale solar, this target is a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of 6¢ per kilowatt hour (kWh)1. Rapid progress has been made in accelerating achievement of these cost reductions, and DOE’s Solar Energy Technologies Officemore » (SETO) sees clear pathways to meeting the SunShot 2020 cost targets on schedule.2 Enabled by the cost reductions to date, solar-generated electricity has become mainstream. In 2014 and 2015, solar represented about one-third of new electrical generating capacity installed in the United States Halfway through 2016, solar was supplying 1% of U.S. electricity demand and growing with an installed capacity of 30 gigawatts.« less

Louisiana | Solar Research | NREL

Science.gov Websites

required to offer net metering for commercial and agricultural systems up to 300 kW. Commercial customers commercial and agricultural, 25 kW residential Aggregate cap: None Credit: Net excess generation is credited requirements are not addressed. System size limit: 300 kW for commercial and agricultural, 25 kW for

15 CFR 971.203 - Commercial recovery plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SERVICE DEEP SEABED MINING REGULATIONS FOR COMMERCIAL RECOVERY PERMITS Applications Contents... requirements for resource assessment and logical mining unit (§ 971.501); (6) A description of the methods and...

15 CFR 971.203 - Commercial recovery plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SERVICE DEEP SEABED MINING REGULATIONS FOR COMMERCIAL RECOVERY PERMITS Applications Contents... requirements for resource assessment and logical mining unit (§ 971.501); (6) A description of the methods and...

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Nose-Only Inhalation Exposures ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

There is a critical need to assess the health effects associated with exposure of commercially produced NPs across the size ranges reflective of that detected in the industrial sectors that are generating, as well as incorporating, NPs into products. Generation of stable and low concentrations of size-fractionated nanoscale aerosols in nose-only chambers can be difficult, and when the aerosol agglomerates during generation, the problems are significantly increased. One problem is that many nanoscale aerosol generators have higher aerosol output and/or airflow than can be accommodated by a nose-only inhalation chamber, requiring much of the generated aerosol to be diverted to exhaust. Another problem is that mixing vessels used to modulate the fluctuating output from aerosol generators can cause substantial wall losses, consuming much of the generated aerosol. Other available aerosol generation systems can produce nanoscale aerosols from nanoparticles (NPs), however these NPs are generated in real time and do not approximate the physical and chemical characteristics of NPs that are commercially produced exposing the workers and the public. The health effects associated with exposure to commercial NP production, which are more morphologically and size heterogeneous, is required for risk assessment. To overcome these problems, a low-consumption dry-particulate nanoscale aerosol generator was developed to deliver stable concentrations in the range of 10–5000 µg

Conformity of commercial oral single solid unit dose packages in hospital pharmacy practice.

PubMed

Thibault, Maxime; Prot-Labarthe, Sonia; Bussières, Jean-François; Lebel, Denis

2008-06-01

There are limited published data on the labelling of single unit dose packages in hospitals. The study was conducted in three large hospitals (two adult and one paediatric) in the metropolitan Montreal area, Quebec, Canada. The objective is to evaluate the labelling of commercial oral single solid unit dose packages available in Canadian urban hospital pharmacy practice. The study endpoint was the labelling conformity of each unit dose package for each criterion and overall for each manufacturer. Complete labelling of unit dose packages should include the following information: (1) brand name, (2) international non-proprietary name or generic name, (3) dosage, (4) pharmaceutical form, (5) manufacturer's name, (6) expiry date, (7) batch number and (8) drug identification number. We also evaluated the ease with which a single unit dose package is detached from a multiple unit dose package for quick, easy and safe use by pharmacy staff. Conformity levels were compared between brand-name and generic packages. A total of 124 different unit dose packages were evaluated. The level of conformity of each criterion varied between 19 and 50%. Only 43% of unit dose packages provided an easy-to-detach system for single doses. Among the 14 manufacturers with three or more unit dose packages evaluated, eight (57%) had a conformity level less than 50%. This study describes the conformity of commercial oral single solid unit dose packages in hospital pharmacy practice in Quebec. A large proportion of unit dose packages do not conform to a set of nine criteria set out in the guidelines of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists and the Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists.

Improved heat recovery and high-temperature clean-up for coal-gas fired combustion turbines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barthelemy, N.M.; Lynn, S.

1991-07-01

This study investigates the performance of an Improved Heat Recovery Method (IHRM) applied to a coal-gas fired power-generating system using a high-temperature clean-up. This heat recovery process has been described by Higdon and Lynn (1990). The IHRM is an integrated heat-recovery network that significantly increases the thermal efficiency of a gas turbine in the generation of electric power. Its main feature is to recover both low- and high-temperature heat reclaimed from various gas streams by means of evaporating heated water into combustion air in an air saturation unit. This unit is a packed column where compressed air flows countercurrently tomore » the heated water prior to being sent to the combustor, where it is mixed with coal-gas and burned. The high water content of the air stream thus obtained reduces the amount of excess air required to control the firing temperature of the combustor, which in turn lowers the total work of compression and results in a high thermal efficiency. Three designs of the IHRM were developed to accommodate three different gasifying process. The performances of those designs were evaluated and compared using computer simulations. The efficiencies obtained with the IHRM are substantially higher those yielded by other heat-recovery technologies using the same gasifying processes. The study also revealed that the IHRM compares advantageously to most advanced power-generation technologies currently available or tested commercially. 13 refs., 34 figs., 10 tabs.« less

Teaching a Semiotic Analysis of Television Commercials to Chinese College Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Notar, Ellen Elms

In the United States, people have become resistant to advertising because they live surrounded by messages. However, in China, the average viewer is relatively naive about the use of commercial messages. An attempt was made to teach Chinese college students semiotic analysis of television commercials. Observations of Chinese television were made…

19 CFR Appendix to Part 163 - Interim (a)(1)(A) List

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... for commercial samples, tools, theatrical effects §§ 10.70, 10.71Purebred breeding certificate § 10..., merchandise (commercial product) description, quantities, values, unit price, trade terms, part, model, style... Access Program (9802/GSP/CBI) § 141.89CF 5523 Part 141Corrected Commercial Invoice 141.86 (e)Packing List...

50 CFR 23.62 - What factors are considered in making a finding of not for primarily commercial purposes?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... for breeding or artificial propagation is considered to be for primarily commercial purposes. As a... finding of not for primarily commercial purposes? 23.62 Section 23.62 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES..., SALE, PURCHASE, BARTER, EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON...

19 CFR Appendix to Part 163 - Interim (a)(1)(A) List

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... for commercial samples, tools, theatrical effects §§ 10.70, 10.71Purebred breeding certificate § 10..., merchandise (commercial product) description, quantities, values, unit price, trade terms, part, model, style... Access Program (9802/GSP/CBI) § 141.89CF 5523 Part 141Corrected Commercial Invoice 141.86 (e)Packing List...

19 CFR Appendix to Part 163 - Interim (a)(1)(A) List

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... for commercial samples, tools, theatrical effects §§ 10.70, 10.71Purebred breeding certificate § 10..., merchandise (commercial product) description, quantities, values, unit price, trade terms, part, model, style... Access Program (9802/GSP/CBI) § 141.89CF 5523 Part 141Corrected Commercial Invoice 141.86 (e)Packing List...

19 CFR Appendix to Part 163 - Interim (a)(1)(A) List

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... for commercial samples, tools, theatrical effects §§ 10.70, 10.71Purebred breeding certificate § 10..., merchandise (commercial product) description, quantities, values, unit price, trade terms, part, model, style... Access Program (9802/GSP/CBI) § 141.89CF 5523 Part 141Corrected Commercial Invoice 141.86 (e)Packing List...

50 CFR 23.62 - What factors are considered in making a finding of not for primarily commercial purposes?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... for breeding or artificial propagation is considered to be for primarily commercial purposes. As a... finding of not for primarily commercial purposes? 23.62 Section 23.62 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES..., SALE, PURCHASE, BARTER, EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON...

19 CFR Appendix to Part 163 - Interim (a)(1)(A) List

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... for commercial samples, tools, theatrical effects §§ 10.70, 10.71Purebred breeding certificate § 10..., merchandise (commercial product) description, quantities, values, unit price, trade terms, part, model, style... Access Program (9802/GSP/CBI) § 141.89CF 5523 Part 141Corrected Commercial Invoice 141.86 (e)Packing List...

50 CFR 23.62 - What factors are considered in making a finding of not for primarily commercial purposes?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... for breeding or artificial propagation is considered to be for primarily commercial purposes. As a... finding of not for primarily commercial purposes? 23.62 Section 23.62 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES..., SALE, PURCHASE, BARTER, EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON...

50 CFR 23.62 - What factors are considered in making a finding of not for primarily commercial purposes?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... for breeding or artificial propagation is considered to be for primarily commercial purposes. As a... finding of not for primarily commercial purposes? 23.62 Section 23.62 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES..., SALE, PURCHASE, BARTER, EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON...

Dan Says - Continuum Magazine | NREL

Science.gov Websites

efficiency of residential and commercial buildings. At first glance, energy efficiency may not seem as and commercial structures account for more than 70% of all electricity used in the United States. That end of the decade. That is why improving the energy efficiency of our homes and commercial buildings

50 CFR 23.62 - What factors are considered in making a finding of not for primarily commercial purposes?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... for breeding or artificial propagation is considered to be for primarily commercial purposes. As a... finding of not for primarily commercial purposes? 23.62 Section 23.62 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES..., SALE, PURCHASE, BARTER, EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON...

Recovery of paper and wood for recycling : actual and potential

Treesearch

P. J. Ince; D. B. McKeever

1995-01-01

Quantities of paper and wood recovered annually for recycling were estimated for all principal commercial uses in the United States, based on material consumption and end-use data. Principal categories of commercial uses were identified and relative quantities were compared. Some innovative or novel commercial product developments were identified. The potential for...

40 CFR 62.6916 - Identification of plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Nebraska Air Emissions from Existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.6916... submitted June 8, 2001, certifying that there are no commercial and industrial solid waste incineration...

40 CFR 62.6916 - Identification of plan-negative declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Nebraska Air Emissions from Existing Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units § 62.6916... submitted June 8, 2001, certifying that there are no commercial and industrial solid waste incineration...

Can commercial low-cost sensor platforms contribute to air quality monitoring and exposure estimates?

PubMed

Castell, Nuria; Dauge, Franck R; Schneider, Philipp; Vogt, Matthias; Lerner, Uri; Fishbain, Barak; Broday, David; Bartonova, Alena

2017-02-01

The emergence of low-cost, user-friendly and very compact air pollution platforms enable observations at high spatial resolution in near-real-time and provide new opportunities to simultaneously enhance existing monitoring systems, as well as engage citizens in active environmental monitoring. This provides a whole new set of capabilities in the assessment of human exposure to air pollution. However, the data generated by these platforms are often of questionable quality. We have conducted an exhaustive evaluation of 24 identical units of a commercial low-cost sensor platform against CEN (European Standardization Organization) reference analyzers, evaluating their measurement capability over time and a range of environmental conditions. Our results show that their performance varies spatially and temporally, as it depends on the atmospheric composition and the meteorological conditions. Our results show that the performance varies from unit to unit, which makes it necessary to examine the data quality of each node before its use. In general, guidance is lacking on how to test such sensor nodes and ensure adequate performance prior to marketing these platforms. We have implemented and tested diverse metrics in order to assess if the sensor can be employed for applications that require high accuracy (i.e., to meet the Data Quality Objectives defined in air quality legislation, epidemiological studies) or lower accuracy (i.e., to represent the pollution level on a coarse scale, for purposes such as awareness raising). Data quality is a pertinent concern, especially in citizen science applications, where citizens are collecting and interpreting the data. In general, while low-cost platforms present low accuracy for regulatory or health purposes they can provide relative and aggregated information about the observed air quality. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Electrical start-up for diesel fuel processing in a fuel-cell-based auxiliary power unit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samsun, Remzi Can; Krupp, Carsten; Tschauder, Andreas; Peters, Ralf; Stolten, Detlef

2016-01-01

As auxiliary power units in trucks and aircraft, fuel cell systems with a diesel and kerosene reforming capacity offer the dual benefit of reduced emissions and fuel consumption. In order to be commercially viable, these systems require a quick start-up time with low energy input. In pursuit of this end, this paper reports an electrical start-up strategy for diesel fuel processing. A transient computational fluid dynamics model is developed to optimize the start-up procedure of the fuel processor in the 28 kWth power class. The temperature trend observed in the experiments is reproducible to a high degree of accuracy using a dual-cell approach in ANSYS Fluent. Starting from a basic strategy, different options are considered for accelerating system start-up. The start-up time is reduced from 22 min in the basic case to 9.5 min, at an energy consumption of 0.4 kW h. Furthermore, an electrical wire is installed in the reformer to test the steam generation during start-up. The experimental results reveal that the generation of steam at 450 °C is possible within seconds after water addition to the reformer. As a result, the fuel processor can be started in autothermal reformer mode using the electrical concept developed in this work.

Mapping the impacts of thermoelectric power generation: a global, spatially explicit database

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raptis, Catherine; Pfister, Stephan

2017-04-01

Thermoelectric power generation is associated with environmental pressures resulting from emissions to air and water, as well as water consumption. The need to achieve global coverage in related studies has become pressing in view of climate change. At the same time, the ability to quantify impacts from power production on a high resolution remains pertinent, given their highly regionalized nature, particularly when it comes to water-related impacts. Efforts towards global coverage have increased in recent years, but most work on the impacts of global electricity production presents a coarse geographical differentiation. Over the past few years we have begun a concerted effort to create and make available a global georeferenced inventory of thermoelectric power plant operational characteristics and emissions, by modelling the relevant processes on the highest possible level: that of a generating unit. Our work extends and enhances a commercially available global power plant database, and so far includes: - Georeferencing the generating units and populating the gaps in their steam properties. - Identifying the cooling system for 92% of the global installed thermoelectric power capacity. - Using the completed steam property data, along with local environmental temperature data, to systematically solve the Rankine cycle for each generating unit, involving: i) distinguishing between simple, reheat, and cogenerative cycles, and accounting for particularities in nuclear power cycles; ii) accounting for the effect of different cooling systems (once-through, recirculating (wet tower), dry cooling) on the thermodynamic cycle. One of the direct outcomes of solving the Rankine cycle is the cycle efficiency, an indispensable parameter in any study related to power production, including the quantification of air emissions and water consumption. Another direct output, for those units employing once-through cooling, is the rate of heat rejection to water, which can lead to thermal pollution. The opportunities afforded by the creation of this comprehensive database are numerous, including its use in integrated studies of electricity production and environmental burden, on local or global scales. The quantification, on the highest possible geographical and technological resolution, of all the different current impacts caused by thermoelectric power generation is crucial in order to conduct a proper assessment of the trade-offs in impacts in future scenario studies including technological changes, and to avoid burden-shifting. Here, we present the progress made in the building of the database so far, as well as the results of its application in a worldwide study of the thermal stress of rivers from the heat rejected by power plants using once-through cooling systems.

Commercial landscape of noninvasive prenatal testing in the United States.

PubMed

Agarwal, Ashwin; Sayres, Lauren C; Cho, Mildred K; Cook-Deegan, Robert; Chandrasekharan, Subhashini

2013-06-01

Cell-free fetal DNA-based noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) could significantly change the paradigm of prenatal testing and screening. Intellectual property (IP) and commercialization promise to be important components of the emerging debate about clinical implementation of these technologies. We have assembled information about types of testing, prices, turnaround times, and reimbursement of recently launched commercial tests in the United States from the trade press, news articles, and scientific, legal, and business publications. We also describe the patenting and licensing landscape of technologies underlying these tests and ongoing patent litigation in the United States. Finally, we discuss how IP issues may affect clinical translation of NIPT and their potential implications for stakeholders. Fetal medicine professionals (clinicians and researchers), genetic counselors, insurers, regulators, test developers, and patients may be able to use this information to make informed decisions about clinical implementation of current and emerging noninvasive prenatal tests. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Commercial Landscape of noninvasive prenatal testing in the United States

PubMed Central

Agarwal, Ashwin; Sayres, Lauren C.; Cho, Mildred K.; Cook-Deegan, Robert; Chandrasekharan, Subhashini

2014-01-01

Cell-free fetal DNA-based noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) could significantly change the paradigm of prenatal testing and screening. Intellectual property (IP) and commercialization promise to be important components of the emerging debate about clinical implementation of these technologies. We have assembled information about types of testing, prices, turnaround times and reimbursement of recently launched commercial tests in the United States from the trade press, news articles, and scientific, legal, and business publications. We also describe the patenting and licensing landscape of technologies underlying these tests and ongoing patent litigation in the United States. Finally, we discuss how IP issues may affect clinical translation of NIPT and their potential implications for stakeholders. Fetal medicine professionals (clinicians and researchers), genetic counselors, insurers, regulators, test developers and patients may be able to use this information to make informed decisions about clinical implementation of current and emerging noninvasive prenatal tests. PMID:23686656

Identifying Potential Markets for Behind-the-Meter Battery Energy Storage: A Survey of U.S. Demand Charges

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McLaren, Joyce A; Gagnon, Pieter J; Mullendore, Seth

This paper presents the first publicly available comprehensive survey of the magnitude of demand charges for commercial customers across the United States -- a key predictor of the financial performance of behind-the-meter battery storage systems. Notably, the analysis estimates that there are nearly 5 million commercial customers in the United States who can subscribe to retail electricity tariffs that have demand charges in excess of $15 per kilowatt (kW), over a quarter of the 18 million commercial customers in total in the United States. While the economic viability of installing battery energy storage must be determined on a case-by-case basis,more » high demand charges are often cited as a critical factor in battery project economics. Increasing use of demand charges in utility tariffs and anticipated future declines in storage costs will only serve to unlock additional markets and strengthen existing ones.« less

Cost trends among commercially insured and Medicare Advantage-insured patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: 2006 through 2009

PubMed Central

Dalal, Anand A; Liu, Fang; Riedel, Aylin A

2011-01-01

Background Few estimates of health care costs related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are available regarding commercially insured patients in the United States. The aims of this retrospective observational analysis of administrative data were to describe and compare health care resource use and costs related to COPD in the United States for patients with commercial insurance or Medicare Advantage with Part D benefits, and to assess cost trends over time. Methods Patient-level and visit-level health care costs in the calendar years 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009 were assessed for patients with evidence of COPD. Generalized linear models adjusting for sex, age category, and geographic region were used to investigate cost trends over time for patients with Medicare or commercial insurance. Results Medical costs, which ranged from an annual mean of US$2382 (Medicare 2007) to US$3339 (commercial 2009) per patient, comprised the majority of total costs in all years for patients with either type of insurance. COPD-related costs were less for Medicare than commercial cohorts. In the multivariate analysis, total costs increased by approximately 6% per year for commercial insurance patients (cost ratio 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.07; P < 0.001) and 5% per year for Medicare patients (cost ratio 1.05; 95% CI 1.03–1.07; P < 0.001). Costs for outpatient and emergency department visits increased significantly over time in both populations. Standard admission costs increased significantly for Medicare patients (cost ratio 1.03; 95% CI 1.00–1.05; P = 0.03), but not commercial patients, and costs for intensive care unit visits remained stable for both populations. Conclusion COPD imposed a substantial economic burden on patients and the health care system, with costs increasing significantly in both the Medicare and commercial populations. PMID:22069365

Impacts of Commercial Building Controls on Energy Savings and Peak Load Reduction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fernandez, Nicholas E.P.; Katipamula, Srinivas; Wang, Weimin

Commercial buildings in the United States use about 18 Quadrillion British thermal units (Quads) of primary energy annually . Studies have shown that as much as 30% of building energy consumption can be avoided by using more accurate sensing, using existing controls better, and deploying advanced controls; hence, the motivation for the work described in this report. Studies also have shown that 10% to 20% of the commercial building peak load can be temporarily managed/curtailed to provide grid services. Although many studies have indicated significant potential for reducing the energy consumption in commercial buildings, very few have documented the actualmore » savings. The studies that did so only provided savings at the whole building level, which makes it difficult to assess the savings potential of each individual measure deployed.« less

Defect evolution and pore collapse in crystalline energetic materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barton, Nathan R.; Winter, Nicholas W.; Reaugh, John E.

2009-04-01

This work examines the use of crystal based continuum mechanics in the context of dynamic loading. In particular, we examine model forms and simulations which are relevant to pore collapse in crystalline energetic materials. Strain localization and the associated generation of heat are important for the initiation of chemical reactions in this context. The crystal mechanics based model serves as a convenient testbed for the interactions among wave motion, slip kinetics, defect generation kinetics and physical length scale. After calibration to available molecular dynamics and single crystal gas gun data for HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine), the model is used to predict behaviors for the collapse of pores under various conditions. Implications for experimental observations are discussed. This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, nor any of their employees makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes.

Current Status of Continued Operation for Kori unit 1 beyond Design Life

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tai-hyun Kim; Pan-sool Kim; Yeon-sang Yu

2006-07-01

Since the commercial operation of Kori Nuclear Power Plant unit 1 in April 1978, Korea has achieved rapid growth in its nuclear industry, and now has 20 operating nuclear power plants. As the design life of Kori unit 1 comes to an end, Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., Ltd.(KHNP) is preparing for the continued operation of the plant for the first time in Korea. The feasibility of continued operation beyond design life has been already proven in many countries. Developed countries, such as the USA, England, Japan and so on, are also proceeding with the continued operation of NPPsmore » whose design life or license is due to expire, as long as the adequate safety and aging management review meet the acceptance criteria. Continued operation is absolutely needed for countries lacking in natural resources, such as Korea, in view of the efficient utilization of energy resources and reduction of greenhouse gases (CO{sub 2}) emission. For the continued operation beyond design life (30 yrs) of Kori unit 1, KHNP has performed Lifetime Management (PLiM) study, Periodic Safety Review (PSR), Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) and Environmental Qualification (EQ), etc. and replaced main equipment, such as Steam Generators, Low Pressure Turbine Rotor, RCP Internals, Main Transformer, Main Generator, and so on. In September 2005, The Regulation of Atomic Energy Act in Korea was revised and published referring to License Renewal Rule of the USA. According to the revised regulations, KHNP is performing Life Assessment for Main Systems, Structures and Components (SSCs) and Radiological Impacts on the Environment with PSR for continued operation. (authors)« less

Benchmarking Commercial Conformer Ensemble Generators.

PubMed

Friedrich, Nils-Ole; de Bruyn Kops, Christina; Flachsenberg, Florian; Sommer, Kai; Rarey, Matthias; Kirchmair, Johannes

2017-11-27

We assess and compare the performance of eight commercial conformer ensemble generators (ConfGen, ConfGenX, cxcalc, iCon, MOE LowModeMD, MOE Stochastic, MOE Conformation Import, and OMEGA) and one leading free algorithm, the distance geometry algorithm implemented in RDKit. The comparative study is based on a new version of the Platinum Diverse Dataset, a high-quality benchmarking dataset of 2859 protein-bound ligand conformations extracted from the PDB. Differences in the performance of commercial algorithms are much smaller than those observed for free algorithms in our previous study (J. Chem. Inf. 2017, 57, 529-539). For commercial algorithms, the median minimum root-mean-square deviations measured between protein-bound ligand conformations and ensembles of a maximum of 250 conformers are between 0.46 and 0.61 Å. Commercial conformer ensemble generators are characterized by their high robustness, with at least 99% of all input molecules successfully processed and few or even no substantial geometrical errors detectable in their output conformations. The RDKit distance geometry algorithm (with minimization enabled) appears to be a good free alternative since its performance is comparable to that of the midranked commercial algorithms. Based on a statistical analysis, we elaborate on which algorithms to use and how to parametrize them for best performance in different application scenarios.

Design of hydraulic recuperation unit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jandourek, Pavel; Habán, Vladimír; Hudec, Martin; Dobšáková, Lenka; Štefan, David

2016-03-01

This article deals with design and measurement of hydraulic recuperation unit. Recuperation unit consist of radial turbine and axial pump, which are coupled on the same shaft. Speed of shaft with impellers are 6000 1/min. For economic reasons, is design of recuperation unit performed using commercially manufactured propellers.

Advanced Demonstration and Test Reactor Options Study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Petti, David Andrew; Hill, R.; Gehin, J.

Global efforts to address climate change will require large-scale decarbonization of energy production in the United States and elsewhere. Nuclear power already provides 20% of electricity production in the United States (U.S.) and is increasing in countries undergoing rapid growth around the world. Because reliable, grid-stabilizing, low emission electricity generation, energy security, and energy resource diversity will be increasingly valued, nuclear power’s share of electricity production has a potential to grow. In addition, there are non electricity applications (e.g., process heat, desalination, hydrogen production) that could be better served by advanced nuclear systems. Thus, the timely development, demonstration, and commercializationmore » of advanced nuclear reactors could diversify the nuclear technologies available and offer attractive technology options to expand the impact of nuclear energy for electricity generation and non-electricity missions. The purpose of this planning study is to provide transparent and defensible technology options for a test and/or demonstration reactor(s) to be built to support public policy, innovation and long term commercialization within the context of the Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) broader commitment to pursuing an “all of the above” clean energy strategy and associated time lines. This planning study includes identification of the key features and timing needed for advanced test or demonstration reactors to support research, development, and technology demonstration leading to the commercialization of power plants built upon these advanced reactor platforms. This planning study is consistent with the Congressional language contained within the fiscal year 2015 appropriation that directed the DOE to conduct a planning study to evaluate “advanced reactor technology options, capabilities, and requirements within the context of national needs and public policy to support innovation in nuclear energy”. Advanced reactors are defined in this study as reactors that use coolants other than water. Advanced reactor technologies have the potential to expand the energy applications, enhance the competitiveness, and improve the sustainability of nuclear energy.« less

Solar energy potential of the largest buildings in the United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wence, E. R.; Grodsky, S.; Hernandez, R. R.

2017-12-01

Sustainable pathways of land use for energy are necessary to mitigate climate change and limit conversion of finite land resources needed for conservation and food production. Large, commercial buildings (LCBs) are increasing in size and number throughout the United States (US) and may serve as suitable recipient environments for photovoltaic (PV) solar energy infrastructure that may support a low carbon, low land footprint energy transition. In this study, we identified, characterized, and evaluated the technical potential of the largest, commercial building rooftops (i.e., exceeding 110,000 m2) and their associated parking lots in the US for PV solar energy systems using Aurora, a cloud-based solar optimization platform. We also performed a case study of building-specific electricity generation: electricity consumption balance. Further, we quantified the environmental co-benefit of land sparing and associated avoided emissions (t-CO2-eq) conferred under the counterfactual scenario that solar development would otherwise proceed as a ground-mounted, utility-scale PV installation of equal nominal capacity. We identified and mapped 37 LCBs (by rooftop area) across 18 states in the US, spanning from as far north as the state of Minnesota to as far south as Florida. Rooftop footprints range from 427,297 to 113,689 m2 and have a cumulative surface area of 99.8 million ft2. We characterize the LCBs as either: distribution/warehouse, factory, shopping center, or administrative office/facility. Three of the 37 LCBs currently support rooftop PV and the numbers of associated, detached buildings number up to 38. This study elucidates the extent to which LCBs and their respective parking lots can serve as suitable sites for PV solar energy generation. Lastly, this study demonstrates research-based applications of the Aurora energy modeling platform and informs decision-making focused on redirecting energy development towards human-modified landscapes to prioritize land use for biodiversity and agriculture.

Options for near-term phaseout of CO(2) emissions from coal use in the United States.

PubMed

Kharecha, Pushker A; Kutscher, Charles F; Hansen, James E; Mazria, Edward

2010-06-01

The global climate problem becomes tractable if CO(2) emissions from coal use are phased out rapidly and emissions from unconventional fossil fuels (e.g., oil shale and tar sands) are prohibited. This paper outlines technology options for phasing out coal emissions in the United States by approximately 2030. We focus on coal for physical and practical reasons and on the U.S. because it is most responsible for accumulated fossil fuel CO(2) in the atmosphere today, specifically targeting electricity production, which is the primary use of coal. While we recognize that coal emissions must be phased out globally, we believe U.S. leadership is essential. A major challenge for reducing U.S. emissions is that coal provides the largest proportion of base load power, i.e., power satisfying minimum electricity demand. Because this demand is relatively constant and coal has a high carbon intensity, utility carbon emissions are largely due to coal. The current U.S. electric grid incorporates little renewable power, most of which is not base load power. However, this can readily be changed within the next 2-3 decades. Eliminating coal emissions also requires improved efficiency, a "smart grid", additional energy storage, and advanced nuclear power. Any further coal usage must be accompanied by carbon capture and storage (CCS). We suggest that near-term emphasis should be on efficiency measures and substitution of coal-fired power by renewables and third-generation nuclear plants, since these technologies have been successfully demonstrated at the relevant (commercial) scale. Beyond 2030, these measures can be supplemented by CCS at power plants and, as needed, successfully demonstrated fourth-generation reactors. We conclude that U.S. coal emissions could be phased out by 2030 using existing technologies or ones that could be commercially competitive with coal within about a decade. Elimination of fossil fuel subsidies and a substantial rising price on carbon emissions are the root requirements for a clean, emissions-free future.

Current HDTV overview in the United States, Japan, and Europe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cripps, Dale E.

1991-08-01

Vast resources are being spent on three continents, preparing for the commercialization of HDTV. The forces that together will launch this new industry are moving at dizzying speeds. This paper covers the highlights of events past and present and offers some predictions for the future. Difficult standards problems that keep brakes on the industry, and that will continue for some time to come. Standards committees have been set up around the world and are hard at work. It is a job with considerable technical and political challenges. By the time major plans and resources come together for commercialization of HDTV, one can trust that there will be adequately stable standards. But to observe the current status is to see a mess. High definition is not only consumer television. Because of its versatility, it is much more likely to find its way first into areas offering high returns such as medicine, education, printing, corporate communications, military and space, and even criminal control. HDTV is very likely to deliver movies and cultural events to theaters, and may also become the platform for a new generation of computers.

Picosecond lasers: the next generation of short-pulsed lasers.

PubMed

Freedman, Joshua R; Kaufman, Joely; Metelitsa, Andrea I; Green, Jeremy B

2014-12-01

Selective photothermolysis, first discussed in the context of targeted microsurgery in 1983, proposed that the optimal parameters for specific thermal damage rely critically on the duration over which energy is delivered to the tissue. At that time, nonspecific thermal damage had been an intrinsic limitation of all commercially available lasers, despite efforts to mitigate this by a variety of compensatory cooling mechanisms. Fifteen years later, experimental picosecond lasers were first reported in the dermatological literature to demonstrate greater efficacy over their nanosecond predecessors in the context of targeted destruction of tattoo ink. Within the last 4 years, more than a decade after those experiments, the first commercially available cutaneous picosecond laser unit became available (Cynosure, Westford, Massachusetts), and several pilot studies have demonstrated its utility in tattoo removal. An experimental picosecond infrared laser has also recently demonstrated a nonthermal tissue ablative capability in soft tissue, bone, and dentin. In this article, we review the published data pertaining to dermatology on picosecond lasers from their initial reports to the present as well as discuss forthcoming technology.

NGNP Project 2011 Status and Path Forward

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

L.E. Demick

2011-12-01

High Temperature Gas Reactor (HTGR) technology can play an important role in the United States’ energy future by extending the use of nuclear energy for non-electricity energy production missions as well as continuing to provide a considerable base load electric power generation capability. Extending nuclear energy into the industrial and transportation sectors through the co-production of process heat and electricity provides safe and reliable energy for these sectors in an environmentally responsible manner. The safety case for the modular HTGR provides a substantial improvement in nuclear plant safety for the protection of the public and the environment, and supports collocationmore » of the HTGR with major industrial facilities. The NGNP Project at the Idaho National Laboratory has been working toward an objective of commercializing the HTGR technology under DOE direction since 2006. The Project is undergoing a quantum shift in direction and scope as a result of recent DOE decisions. This paper summarizes where the Project has been, where it is at the time of this writing and what is needed in future activities to commercialize HTGR technology.« less

How Online Quality Ratings Influence Patients’ Choice of Medical Providers: Controlled Experimental Survey Study

PubMed Central

Wang, Weiguang; Gao, Guodong (Gordon); Agarwal, Ritu

2018-01-01

Background In recent years, the information environment for patients to learn about physician quality is being rapidly changed by Web-based ratings from both commercial and government efforts. However, little is known about how various types of Web-based ratings affect individuals’ choice of physicians. Objective The objective of this research was to measure the relative importance of Web-based quality ratings from governmental and commercial agencies on individuals’ choice of primary care physicians. Methods In a choice-based conjoint experiment conducted on a sample of 1000 Amazon Mechanical Turk users in October 2016, individuals were asked to choose their preferred primary care physician from pairs of physicians with different ratings in clinical and nonclinical aspects of care provided by governmental and commercial agencies. Results The relative log odds of choosing a physician increases by 1.31 (95% CI 1.26-1.37; P<.001) and 1.32 (95% CI 1.27-1.39; P<.001) units when the government clinical ratings and commercial nonclinical ratings move from 2 to 4 stars, respectively. The relative log odds of choosing a physician increases by 1.12 (95% CI 1.07-1.18; P<.001) units when the commercial clinical ratings move from 2 to 4 stars. The relative log odds of selecting a physician with 4 stars in nonclinical ratings provided by the government is 1.03 (95% CI 0.98-1.09; P<.001) units higher than a physician with 2 stars in this rating. The log odds of selecting a physician with 4 stars in nonclinical government ratings relative to a physician with 2 stars is 0.23 (95% CI 0.13-0.33; P<.001) units higher for females compared with males. Similar star increase in nonclinical commercial ratings increases the relative log odds of selecting the physician by female respondents by 0.15 (95% CI 0.04-0.26; P=.006) units. Conclusions Individuals perceive nonclinical ratings provided by commercial websites as important as clinical ratings provided by government websites when choosing a primary care physician. There are significant gender differences in how the ratings are used. More research is needed on whether patients are making the best use of different types of ratings, as well as the optimal allocation of resources in improving physician ratings from the government’s perspective. PMID:29581091

Mercury recovery from mercury-containing wastes using a vacuum thermal desorption system.

PubMed

Lee, Woo Rim; Eom, Yujin; Lee, Tai Gyu

2017-02-01

Mercury (Hg)-containing waste from various industrial facilities is commonly treated by incineration or stabilization/solidification and retained in a landfill at a managed site. However, when highly concentrated Hg waste is treated using these methods, Hg is released into the atmosphere and soil environment. To eliminate these risks, Hg recovery technology using thermal treatment has been developed and commercialized to recover Hg from Hg-containing waste for safe disposal. Therefore, we developed Hg recovery equipment to treat Hg-containing waste under a vacuum of 6.67kPa (abs) at 400°C and recover the Hg. In addition, the dust generated from the waste was separated by controlling the temperature of the dust filtration unit to 230°C. Additionally, water and Hg vapors were condensed in a condensation unit. The Hg removal rate after waste treatment was 96.75%, and the Hg recovery rate as elemental Hg was 75.23%. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Minor metals and renewable energy—Diversifying America’s energy sources

USGS Publications Warehouse

Singerling, Sheryl A.; Nassar, Nedal T.

2017-08-16

Solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine technologies are projected to make up an increasing proportion of electricity generation capacity in the United States in the coming decades. By 2050, they will account for 36 percent (or 566 gigawatts) of capacity compared with about 11 percent (or 118 gigawatts) in 2016 (fig. 1; EIA, 2017). There are several different types of commercial solar PV and wind turbine technologies, and each type makes use of different minor metals. “Minor metal” is the term used for metals for which world production is small compared with the more widely produced base metals, and they are often produced as byproducts of the mining or processing of base metals. Minor metals used in renewable energy technologies often have complex supply chains, are often produced primarily outside of the United States, and are also used in many other applications. A larger amount of minor metals will be needed in the future to support the projected increases in solar PV and wind energy production capacity (Nassar and others, 2016).

Fabrication of Lower Section and Upper Forward Bulkhead Panels of the Multi-Bay Box and Panel Preparation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Velicki, Alexander; Linton, Kim; Hoffman, Krishna; Thrash, Patrick; Pickell, Robert; Turley, Robert

2015-01-01

NASA and the Boeing Co. have been working together under the Environmentally Responsible Aviation Project to develop stitched unitized structure for reduced weight, reduced fuel burn and reduced pollutants in the next generation of commercial aircraft. The structural concept being evaluated is PRSEUS (Pultruded Rod Stitched Efficient Unitized Structure). In the PRSEUS concept, dry carbon fabric, pultruded carbon rods, and foam are stitched together into large preforms. Then these preforms are infused with an epoxy resin into large panels in an out-of-autoclave process. These panels have stiffeners in the length-wise and width-wise directions but contain no fasteners because all stiffeners are stitched to the panel skin. This document contains a description of the fabrication of panels for use in the 30-foot-long Multi-Bay Box test article to be evaluated at NASA LaRC. The document also describes a panel which explores new PRSEUS concepts for applications beyond the Multi-Bay Box.

Bringing Solid-State Magnetocaloric Cooling to the Market: A Commercialization Plan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abu-Heiba, Ahmad; Sikes, Karen; Blackburn, Julia

Air conditioning has become a staple in American life, bringing improved health, productivity, and comfort to 93% of single-family homes as of 2015, compared to only 76% in 1990. This rise in demand has contributed to the 2.51 quads (12.5%) of total annual energy consumption in residential buildings attributable to space cooling (U.S. Energy Information Administration 2017). Accompanying this upward trend in space cooling has been increased refrigerant use, which has historically contributed to ozone depletion, global warming, or both. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory – along with German-based partner Vacuumschmelze GmbH & Co. KG – is working to reducemore » energy consumption and refrigerant use through the development of a next-generation, solid-state magnetocaloric cooling system. The purpose of this study is to investigate market potential of these systems in the United States, including information on the industry landscape, market share and unit shipment projections, optimal price points, and barriers to market entry.« less

Experimental design, operation, and results of a 4 kW high temperature steam electrolysis experiment

DOE PAGES

Zhang, Xiaoyu; O'Brien, James E.; Tao, Greg; ...

2015-08-06

High temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE) is a promising technology for large-scale hydrogen production. However, research on HTSE performance above the kW level is limited. This paper presents the results of 4 kW HTSE long-term test completed in a multi-kW test facility recently developed at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). The 4 kW HTSE unit included two solid oxide electrolysis stacks operating in parallel, each of which included 40 electrode-supported planar cells. A current density of 0.41 A/cm2 was used for the long-term operation, resulting in a hydrogen production rate about 25 slpm. A demonstration of 920 hours stable operation wasmore » achieved. The paper also includes detailed descriptions of the piping layout, steam generation and delivery system, test fixture, heat recuperation system, hot zone, instrumentation, and operating conditions. As a result, this successful demonstration of multi-kW scale HTSE unit will help to advance the technology toward near-term commercialization.« less

Internship Progress Summary: Fall 2016

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wiser, Ralph S.; Valencia, Matthew John

2016-12-13

This fall I had the opportunity to work at Los Alamos National Laboratory for the Technology Applications engineering group. I assisted two main projects during my appointment, both related to the Lab’s mission statement: “To solve national security challenges through scientific excellence.” My first project, a thermal source transfer unit, involved skills such as mechanical design, heat transfer simulation, and design analysis. The goal was to create a container that could protect a heat source and regulate its temperature during transit. I generated several designs, performed heat transfer simulations, and chose a design for prototyping. The second project was amore » soil drying unit for use in post blast sample analysis. To ensure fast and accurate sample processing, agents in the field wanted a system that could process wet dirt and turn it into dry powder. We designed a system of commercially available parts, and we tested the systems to determine the best methods and processes.« less

Media and Democracy: The Emergence of Commercial Broadcasting in the United States, 1927-1935.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McChesney, Robert W.

1992-01-01

Presents U.S. broadcasting history as the interplay between powerful commercial forces and a broadcast reform movement that opposed commercial control of the industry. Suggests that broadcast reformers developed traditions of media criticism that are useful today. Describes the lack of debate preceding the Communications Act of 1934 as a weak spot…

Midscale Commercial Solar Market | Solar Research | NREL

Science.gov Websites

analysis to expand the midscale solar market. The midscale market for solar photovoltaics (PV), loosely than other PV market segments in recent years. Featured Analysis Midmarket Solar Policies in the United Midscale Commercial Solar Market Midscale Commercial Solar Market NREL experts are providing

75 FR 61031 - Provision of Aviation Insurance Coverage for Commercial Air Carrier Service in Domestic and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-01

... for Commercial Air Carrier Service in Domestic and International Operations #0; #0; #0; Presidential... of Aviation Insurance Coverage for Commercial Air Carrier Service in Domestic and International... Constitution and the laws of the United States, including 49 U.S.C. 44302, et seq., I hereby: 1. Determine that...

36 CFR 13.1130 - Is commercial fishing authorized in the marine waters of Glacier Bay National Park?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... authorized in the marine waters of Glacier Bay National Park? 13.1130 Section 13.1130 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM UNITS IN ALASKA Special Regulations-Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve Commercial Fishing § 13.1130 Is commercial...

36 CFR 13.1130 - Is commercial fishing authorized in the marine waters of Glacier Bay National Park?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... authorized in the marine waters of Glacier Bay National Park? 13.1130 Section 13.1130 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM UNITS IN ALASKA Special Regulations-Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve Commercial Fishing § 13.1130 Is commercial...

36 CFR 13.1130 - Is commercial fishing authorized in the marine waters of Glacier Bay National Park?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... authorized in the marine waters of Glacier Bay National Park? 13.1130 Section 13.1130 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM UNITS IN ALASKA Special Regulations-Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve Commercial Fishing § 13.1130 Is commercial...

36 CFR 13.1146 - What other closures and restrictions apply to commercial fishermen and commercial fishing vessels?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM UNITS IN ALASKA Special Regulations-Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve Commercial Fishing § 13.1146... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What other closures and...

36 CFR 13.1130 - Is commercial fishing authorized in the marine waters of Glacier Bay National Park?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... authorized in the marine waters of Glacier Bay National Park? 13.1130 Section 13.1130 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM UNITS IN ALASKA Special Regulations-Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve Commercial Fishing § 13.1130 Is commercial...

36 CFR 13.1130 - Is commercial fishing authorized in the marine waters of Glacier Bay National Park?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... authorized in the marine waters of Glacier Bay National Park? 13.1130 Section 13.1130 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM UNITS IN ALASKA Special Regulations-Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve Commercial Fishing § 13.1130 Is commercial...

26 CFR 1.892-5T - Controlled commercial entity (temporary regulations).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... anywhere in the world. Corp 1 owns 60 percent of the stock of Corp 2, which is engaged in commercial... controls a strategic natural resource which such entity uses in the conduct of its trade or business... commercial activity anywhere in the world, receives interest income from deposits in banks in the United...

26 CFR 1.892-5T - Controlled commercial entity (temporary regulations).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... anywhere in the world. Corp 1 owns 60 percent of the stock of Corp 2, which is engaged in commercial... controls a strategic natural resource which such entity uses in the conduct of its trade or business... commercial activity anywhere in the world, receives interest income from deposits in banks in the United...

26 CFR 1.892-5T - Controlled commercial entity (temporary regulations).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... anywhere in the world. Corp 1 owns 60 percent of the stock of Corp 2, which is engaged in commercial... controls a strategic natural resource which such entity uses in the conduct of its trade or business... commercial activity anywhere in the world, receives interest income from deposits in banks in the United...

26 CFR 1.892-5T - Controlled commercial entity (temporary regulations).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... anywhere in the world. Corp 1 owns 60 percent of the stock of Corp 2, which is engaged in commercial... controls a strategic natural resource which such entity uses in the conduct of its trade or business... commercial activity anywhere in the world, receives interest income from deposits in banks in the United...

26 CFR 1.892-5T - Controlled commercial entity (temporary regulations).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... anywhere in the world. Corp 1 owns 60 percent of the stock of Corp 2, which is engaged in commercial... controls a strategic natural resource which such entity uses in the conduct of its trade or business... commercial activity anywhere in the world, receives interest income from deposits in banks in the United...

Cost-effective retrofit technology for reducing peak power demand in small and medium commercial buildings

DOE PAGES

Nutaro, James J.; Fugate, David L.; Kuruganti, Teja; ...

2015-05-27

We describe a cost-effective retrofit technology that uses collective control of multiple rooftop air conditioning units to reduce the peak power consumption of small and medium commercial buildings. The proposed control uses a model of the building and air conditioning units to select an operating schedule for the air conditioning units that maintains a temperature set point subject to a constraint on the number of units that may operate simultaneously. A prototype of this new control system was built and deployed in a large gymnasium to coordinate four rooftop air conditioning units. Based on data collected while operating this prototype,more » we estimate that the cost savings achieved by reducing peak power consumption is sufficient to repay the cost of the prototype within a year.« less

Policy commercializing nonprofits in health: the history of a paradox from the 19th century to the ACA.

PubMed

Fox, Daniel M

2015-03-01

POLICY POINTS: Health policy in the United States has, for more than a century, simultaneously and paradoxically incentivized the growth as well as the commercialization of nonprofit organizations in the health sector. This policy paradox persists during the implementation of the Affordable Care Act of 2010. For more than a century, policy in the United States has incentivized both expansion in the number and size of tax-exempt nonprofit organizations in the health sector and their commercialization. The implementation of the Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) began yet another chapter in the history of this policy paradox. This article explores the origin and persistence of the paradox using what many scholars call "interpretive social science." This methodology prioritizes history and contingency over formal theory and methods in order to present coherent and plausible narratives of events and explanations for them. These narratives are grounded in documents generated by participants in particular events, as well as conversations with them, observing them in action, and analysis of pertinent secondary sources. The methodology achieves validity and reliability by gathering information from multiple sources and making disciplined judgments about its coherence and correspondence with reality. A paradox with deep historical roots persists as a result of consensus about its value for both population health and the revenue of individuals and organizations in the health sector. Participants in this consensus include leaders of governance who have disagreed about many other issues. The paradox persists because of assumptions about the burden of disease and how to address it, as well as about the effects of biomedical science that is translated into professional education, practice, and the organization of services for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of illness. The policy paradox that has incentivized the growth and commercialization of nonprofits in the health sector since the late 19th century remains influential in health policy, especially for the allocation of resources. However, aspects of the implementation of the ACA may constrain some of the effects of the paradox. © 2015 Milbank Memorial Fund.

Policy Commercializing Nonprofits in Health: The History of a Paradox From the 19th Century to the ACA

PubMed Central

FOX, DANIEL M

2015-01-01

Policy Points: Health policy in the United States has, for more than a century, simultaneously and paradoxically incentivized the growth as well as the commercialization of nonprofit organizations in the health sector. This policy paradox persists during the implementation of the Affordable Care Act of 2010. Context For more than a century, policy in the United States has incentivized both expansion in the number and size of tax-exempt nonprofit organizations in the health sector and their commercialization. The implementation of the Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) began yet another chapter in the history of this policy paradox. Methods This article explores the origin and persistence of the paradox using what many scholars call “interpretive social science.” This methodology prioritizes history and contingency over formal theory and methods in order to present coherent and plausible narratives of events and explanations for them. These narratives are grounded in documents generated by participants in particular events, as well as conversations with them, observing them in action, and analysis of pertinent secondary sources. The methodology achieves validity and reliability by gathering information from multiple sources and making disciplined judgments about its coherence and correspondence with reality. Findings A paradox with deep historical roots persists as a result of consensus about its value for both population health and the revenue of individuals and organizations in the health sector. Participants in this consensus include leaders of governance who have disagreed about many other issues. The paradox persists because of assumptions about the burden of disease and how to address it, as well as about the effects of biomedical science that is translated into professional education, practice, and the organization of services for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of illness. Conclusions The policy paradox that has incentivized the growth and commercialization of nonprofits in the health sector since the late 19th century remains influential in health policy, especially for the allocation of resources. However, aspects of the implementation of the ACA may constrain some of the effects of the paradox. PMID:25752354

DOE-NE Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program and EPRI Long-Term Operations Program. Joint Research and Development Plan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Williams, Don

2014-04-01

Nuclear power has contributed almost 20% of the total amount of electricity generated in the United States over the past two decades. High capacity factors and low operating costs make nuclear power plants (NPPs) some of the most economical power generators available. Further, nuclear power remains the single largest contributor (nearly 70%) of non-greenhouse gas-emitting electric power generation in the United States. Even when major refurbishments are performed to extend operating life, these plants continue to represent cost-effective, low-carbon assets to the nation’s electrical generation capability. By the end of 2014, about one-third of the existing domestic fleet will havemore » passed their 40th anniversary of power operations, and about one-half of the fleet will reach the same 40-year mark within this decade. Recognizing the challenges associated with pursuing extended service life of commercial nuclear power plants, the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy (NE) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) have established separate but complementary research and development programs (DOE-NE’s Light Water Reactor Sustainability [LWRS] Program and EPRI’s Long-Term Operations [LTO] Program) to address these challenges. To ensure that a proper linkage is maintained between the programs, DOE-NE and EPRI executed a memorandum of understanding in late 2010 to “establish guiding principles under which research activities (between LWRS and LTO) could be coordinated to the benefit of both parties.” This document represents the third annual revision to the initial version (March 2011) of the plan as called for in the memorandum of understanding.« less

Combined installation of electric and heat supply for climatic conditions of Iraq

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaisi, Osama Al; Sidenkov, D. V.

2017-11-01

Electricity, heating and cooling are the three main components that make up the energy consumption base in residential, commercial and public buildings around the world. Demand for energy and fuel costs are constantly growing. Combined cooling, heating and power generation or trigeneration can be a promising solution to such a problem, providing an efficient, reliable, flexible, competitive and less harmful alternative to existing heat and cold supply systems. In this paper, scheme of the tri-generation plant on non-aqueous working substances is considered as an installation of a locally centralized electro-heat and cold supply of a typical residential house in a hot climate. The scheme of the combined installation of electro-heat (cold) supply consisted of the vapor power plant and heat pump system on low-boiling working substance for local consumers under the climatic conditions of Iraq is presented. The possibility of using different working substances in the thermodynamic cycles of these units, which will provide better efficiency of such tri-generation systems is shown. The calculations of steam turbine cycles and heat pump part on the selected working substances are conducted. It is proposed to use heat exchangers of plate type as the main exchangers in the combined processing. The developed method of thermal-hydraulic calculation of heat exchangers implemented in MathCad, which allows to evaluate the efficiency of plants of this type using the ε - NTU method. For the selected working substances of the steam part the optimal temperature of heat supply to the steam generator is determined. The results of thermodynamic and technical-economic analysis of the application of various working substances in the “organic” Rankine cycle of the steam turbine unit and the heat pump system of the heat and cold supply system are presented.

Next Generation Advanced Video Guidance Sensor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Jimmy; Spencer, Susan; Bryan, Tom; Johnson, Jimmie; Robertson, Bryan

2008-01-01

The first autonomous rendezvous and docking in the history of the U.S. Space Program was successfully accomplished by Orbital Express, using the Advanced Video Guidance Sensor (AVGS) as the primary docking sensor. The United States now has a mature and flight proven sensor technology for supporting Crew Exploration Vehicles (CEV) and Commercial Orbital Transport. Systems (COTS) Automated Rendezvous and Docking (AR&D). AVGS has a proven pedigree, based on extensive ground testing and flight demonstrations. The AVGS on the Demonstration of Autonomous Rendezvous Technology (DART)mission operated successfully in "spot mode" out to 2 km. The first generation rendezvous and docking sensor, the Video Guidance Sensor (VGS), was developed and successfully flown on Space Shuttle flights in 1997 and 1998. Parts obsolescence issues prevent the construction of more AVGS. units, and the next generation sensor must be updated to support the CEV and COTS programs. The flight proven AR&D sensor is being redesigned to update parts and add additional. capabilities for CEV and COTS with the development of the Next, Generation AVGS (NGAVGS) at the Marshall Space Flight Center. The obsolete imager and processor are being replaced with new radiation tolerant parts. In addition, new capabilities might include greater sensor range, auto ranging, and real-time video output. This paper presents an approach to sensor hardware trades, use of highly integrated laser components, and addresses the needs of future vehicles that may rendezvous and dock with the International Space Station (ISS) and other Constellation vehicles. It will also discuss approaches for upgrading AVGS to address parts obsolescence, and concepts for minimizing the sensor footprint, weight, and power requirements. In addition, parts selection and test plans for the NGAVGS will be addressed to provide a highly reliable flight qualified sensor. Expanded capabilities through innovative use of existing capabilities will also be discussed.

Biomethane

Science.gov Websites

; wastewater treatment; and industrial, institutional, and commercial organic waste (IIC). The purpose of this used in any advertising or publicity to endorse or promote any product or commercial entity using or FIPS ESRI OWCH4t Methane generation potential from industrial, institutional, and commercial organic

Effects of temporal dynamics, nut weight and nut size on growth of American chestnut, Chinese chestnut and backcross generations in a commercial nursery

Treesearch

Cornelia Pinchot; Stacy Clark; Scott Schlarbaum; Arnold Saxton; Shi-Jean Sung; Frederick. Hebard

2015-01-01

Blight-resistant American chestnut (Castanea dentata) may soon be commercially available, but few studies have tested methods to produce high quality seedlings that will be competitive after planting. This study evaluated the performance of one American, one Chinese (C. mollissima), one second-generation backcross (BC3...

In vitro and in vivo characterization of a reversible synthetic heparin analog.

PubMed

Whelihan, Matthew F; Cooley, Brian; Xu, Yongmei; Pawlinski, Rafal; Liu, Jian; Key, Nigel S

2016-02-01

The global supply of unfractionated heparin (UFH) and all commercially available low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) remain dependent on animal sources, such as porcine intestine or bovine lung. Recent experience has shown that contamination of the supply chain (with over-sulfated chondroitin sulfates) can result in lethal toxicity. Fondaparinux is currently the only commercially available synthetic analog of heparin. We recently described a new class of chemoenzymatically synthesized heparin analogs. One of these compounds (S12-mer) is a dodecasaccharide consisting of an antithrombin-binding moiety with repeating units of IdoA2S-GlcNS6S and two 3-O-sulfate groups that confer the ability to bind protamine. We sought to further characterize this new compound in vitro using biochemical and global coagulation assays and in vivo using thrombosis and hemostasis assays. The anticoagulant activities of the Super 12-mer (S12-mer) and Enoxaparin in anti-factor Xa and plasma-based thrombin generation assays were roughly equivalent with a 50% reduction in peak thrombin generation occurring at approximately 325nM. When protamine was titrated against a fixed concentration of S12-mer in plasma or blood, the S12-mer displayed a significant restitution of thrombin generation and clot formation. In vivo, S12-mer inhibited venous thrombosis to a similar extent as Enoxaparin, with similar bleeding profiles. These data show that the S12-mer has almost identical efficacy to Enoxaparin in terms of FXa inhibition, while displaying significant reversibility with protamine. Taken together with the ability to ensure purity and homogeneity from batch to batch, the S12-mer is a promising new synthetic heparin analog with a potentially enhanced safety profile. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Does transfer of work from a public sector organisation to a commercial enterprise without staff reductions increase risk of long-term sickness absence among the staff? A cohort study of laboratory and radiology employees.

PubMed

Kokkinen, Lauri; Virtanen, Marianna; Pentti, Jaana; Vahtera, Jussi; Kivimäki, Mika

2013-08-01

Privatisations of public sector organisations are not uncommon, and some studies suggest that such organisational changes may adversely affect employee health. In this study, we examined whether transfer of work from public sector hospital units to commercial enterprises, without major staff reductions, was associated with an increased risk of long-term sickness absence among employees. A cohort study of 962 employees from four public hospital laboratory and radiology units in three hospitals which were privatised during the follow-up and 1832 employees from similar units without such organisational changes. Records of new long-term sick leaves (>90 days) were obtained from national health registers and were linked to the data. Mean follow-up was 9.2 years. Age- and sex-adjusted HR for long-term sickness absence after privatisation was 0.83 (95% CI 0.68 to 1.00) among employees whose work unit underwent a change from a public organisation to a commercial enterprise compared with employees in unchanged work units. Further adjustments for occupation, socioeconomic status, type of job contract, size of residence and sick leaves before privatisation had little impact on the observed association. A sensitivity analysis with harmonised occupations across the two groups replicated the finding (multivariable adjusted HR 0.92 (0.70-1.20)). In this study, transfer of work from public organisation to commercial enterprise did not increase the risk of long-term sickness absence among employees.

Safeguards Challenges for Pebble-Bed Reactors (PBRs):Peoples Republic of China (PRC)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Forsberg, Charles W.; Moses, David Lewis

2009-11-01

The Peoples Republic of China (PRC) is operating the HTR-10 pebble-bed reactor (PBR) and is in the process of building a prototype PBR plant with two modular reactors (250-MW(t) per reactor) feeding steam to a single turbine-generator. It is likely to be the first modular hightemperature reactor to be ready for commercial deployment in the world because it is a highpriority project for the PRC. The plant design features multiple modular reactors feeding steam to a single turbine generator where the number of modules determines the plant output. The design and commercialization strategy are based on PRC strengths: (1) amore » rapidly growing electric market that will support low-cost mass production of modular reactor units and (2) a balance of plant system based on economics of scale that uses the same mass-produced turbine-generator systems used in PRC coal plants. If successful, in addition to supplying the PRC market, this strategy could enable China to be the leading exporter of nuclear reactors to developing countries. The modular characteristics of the reactor match much of the need elsewhere in the world. PBRs have major safety advantages and a radically different fuel. The fuel, not the plant systems, is the primary safety system to prevent and mitigate the release of radionuclides under accident conditions. The fuel consists of small (6-cm) pebbles (spheres) containing coatedparticle fuel in a graphitized carbon matrix. The fuel loading per pebble is small (~9 grams of low-enriched uranium) and hundreds of thousands of pebbles are required to fuel a nuclear plant. The uranium concentration in the fuel is an order of magnitude less than in traditional nuclear fuels. These characteristics make the fuel significantly less attractive for illicit use (weapons production or dirty bomb); but, its unusual physical form may require changes in the tools used for safeguards. This report describes PBRs, what is different, and the safeguards challenges. A series of safeguards recommendations are made based on the assumption that the reactor is successfully commercialized and is widely deployed.« less

Nonconvex model predictive control for commercial refrigeration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gybel Hovgaard, Tobias; Boyd, Stephen; Larsen, Lars F. S.; Bagterp Jørgensen, John

2013-08-01

We consider the control of a commercial multi-zone refrigeration system, consisting of several cooling units that share a common compressor, and is used to cool multiple areas or rooms. In each time period we choose cooling capacity to each unit and a common evaporation temperature. The goal is to minimise the total energy cost, using real-time electricity prices, while obeying temperature constraints on the zones. We propose a variation on model predictive control to achieve this goal. When the right variables are used, the dynamics of the system are linear, and the constraints are convex. The cost function, however, is nonconvex due to the temperature dependence of thermodynamic efficiency. To handle this nonconvexity we propose a sequential convex optimisation method, which typically converges in fewer than 5 or so iterations. We employ a fast convex quadratic programming solver to carry out the iterations, which is more than fast enough to run in real time. We demonstrate our method on a realistic model, with a full year simulation and 15-minute time periods, using historical electricity prices and weather data, as well as random variations in thermal load. These simulations show substantial cost savings, on the order of 30%, compared to a standard thermostat-based control system. Perhaps more important, we see that the method exhibits sophisticated response to real-time variations in electricity prices. This demand response is critical to help balance real-time uncertainties in generation capacity associated with large penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources in a future smart grid.

Pathways to Deep Decarbonization in the United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Torn, M. S.; Williams, J.

2015-12-01

Limiting anthropogenic warming to less than 2°C will require a reduction in global net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on the order of 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. Thus, there is a growing need to understand what would be required to achieve deep decarbonization (DD) in different economies. We examined the technical and economic feasibility of such a transition in the United States, evaluating the infrastructure and technology changes required to reduce U.S. GHG emissions in 2050 by 80% below 1990 levels. Using the PATHWAYS and GCAM models, we found that this level of decarbonization in the U.S. can be accomplished with existing commercial or near-commercial technologies, while providing the same level of energy services and economic growth as a reference case based on the U.S. DOE Annual Energy Outlook. Reductions are achieved through high levels of energy efficiency, decarbonization of electric generation, electrification of most end uses, and switching the remaining end uses to lower carbon fuels. Incremental energy system cost would be equivalent to roughly 1% of gross domestic product, not including potential non-energy benefits such as avoided human and infrastructure costs of climate change. Starting now on the deep decarbonization path would allow infrastructure stock turnover to follow natural replacement rates, which reduces costs, eases demand on manufacturing, and allows gradual consumer adoption. Energy system changes must be accompanied by reductions in non-energy and non-CO2 GHG emissions.

Advances of two-stage riser catalytic cracking of heavy oil for maximizing propylene yield (TMP) process.

PubMed

Chaohe, Yang; Xiaobo, Chen; Jinhong, Zhang; Chunyi, Li; Honghong, Shan

Two-stage riser catalytic cracking of heavy oil for maximizing propylene yield (TMP) process proposed by State Key Laboratory of Heavy oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, can remarkably enhance the propylene yield and minimize the dry gas and coke yields, and obtain high-quality light oils (gasoline and diesel). It has been commercialized since 2006. Up to now, three TMP commercial units have been put into production and other four commercial units are under design and construction. The commercial data showed that taking paraffinic based Daqing (China) atmospheric residue as the feedstock, the propylene yield reached 20.31 wt%, the liquid products yield (the total yield of liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, and diesel) was 82.66 wt%, and the total yield of dry gas and coke was 14.28 wt%. Moreover, the research octane number of gasoline could be up to 96.

TESTING PRACTICES AND VOLUME OF NON-LYME TICKBORNE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES

PubMed Central

Connally, Neeta P.; Hinckley, Alison F.; Feldman, Katherine A.; Kemperman, Melissa; Neitzel, David; Wee, Siok-Bi; White, Jennifer L.; Mead, Paul S.; Meek, James I.

2015-01-01

Large commercial laboratories in the United States were surveyed regarding the number of specimens tested for eight tickborne diseases in 2008. Seven large commercial laboratories reported testing a total of 2,927,881 specimens nationally (including Lyme disease). Of these, 495,585 specimens (17 percent) were tested for tickborne diseases other than Lyme disease. In addition to large commercial laboratories, another 1,051 smaller commercial, hospital, and government laboratories in four states (CT, MD, MN, and NY) were surveyed regarding tickborne disease testing frequency, practices, and results. Ninety-two of these reported testing a total of 10,091 specimens for four tickborne diseases other than Lyme disease. We estimate the cost of laboratory diagnostic testing for non-Lyme disease tickborne diseases in 2008 to be $9.6 million. These data provide a baseline to evaluate trends in tickborne disease test utilization and insight into the burden of these diseases. PMID:26565931

Bill Livingood | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Bill Livingood Photo of Bill Livingood Bill Livingood Group Manager, Commercial Buildings manager of the commercial buildings research team, he oversees the development of next generation

Subjective Response to Simulated Sonic Booms in Homes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McCurdy, David A.; Brown, Sherilyn A.

1996-01-01

One of the environmental issues affecting the development of a second-generation supersonic commercial transport is the impact of sonic booms on people. Aircraft designers are attempting to design the transport to produce sonic boom signatures that will have minimum impact on the public. Current supersonic commercial aircraft produce an 'N-wave' sonic boom pressure signature that is considered unacceptable by the public. This has resulted in first-generation supersonic transports being banned from flying supersonic over land in the United States, a severe economic constraint. By tailoring aircraft volume and lift distributions, designers hope to produce sonic boom signatures having specific shapes other than 'N-wave' that may be more acceptable to the public. As part of the effort to develop a second-generation supersonic commercial transport, Langley Research Center is conducting research to study people's subjective response to sonic booms. As part of that research, a system was developed for performing studies of the subjective response of people to the occurrence of simulated sonic booms in their homes. The In-Home Noise Generation/Response System (IHONORS) provides a degree of situational realism not available in the laboratory and a degree of control over the noise exposure not found in community surveys. The computer-controlled audio system generates the simulated sonic booms, measures the noise levels, and records the subjects' ratings and can be placed and operated in individual homes for extended periods of time. The system was used to conduct an in-home study of subjective response to simulated sonic booms. The primary objective of the study was to determine the effect on annoyance of the number of sonic boom occurrences in a realistic environment. The effects on annoyance of several other parameters were also examined. Initially, data analyses were based on all the data collected. However, further analyser found that test subjects adapted to the sonic booms during the first few days of exposure. The first eight days of each testing period consisted of eight introductory exposures that were repeated on randomly selected days later in the testing period. Comparison of the introductory exposures with their repeats indicated that the test subjects adapted to the new sonic boom noise environment during the first days of the testing period. Because of the adaptation occurring, the introductory days were deleted from the ds set and the analyses redone. This paper presents the updated analyses. Elimination of the introductory days did not significantly affect the results and conclusions of the initial analyses. This paper also presents analyses of the effects on annoyance of additional factors in the study not previously examined.

Indirect combustion noise of auxiliary power units

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tam, Christopher K. W.; Parrish, Sarah A.; Xu, Jun; Schuster, Bill

2013-08-01

Recent advances in noise suppression technology have significantly reduced jet and fan noise from commercial jet engines. This leads many investigators in the aeroacoustics community to suggest that core noise could well be the next aircraft noise barrier. Core noise consists of turbine noise and combustion noise. There is direct combustion noise generated by the combustion processes, and there is indirect combustion noise generated by the passage of combustion hot spots, or entropy waves, through constrictions in an engine. The present work focuses on indirect combustion noise. Indirect combustion noise has now been found in laboratory experiments. The primary objective of this work is to investigate whether indirect combustion noise is also generated in jet and other engines. In a jet engine, there are numerous noise sources. This makes the identification of indirect combustion noise a formidable task. Here, our effort concentrates exclusively on auxiliary power units (APUs). This choice is motivated by the fact that APUs are relatively simple engines with only a few noise sources. It is, therefore, expected that the chance of success is higher. Accordingly, a theoretical model study of the generation of indirect combustion noise in an Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) is carried out. The cross-sectional areas of an APU from the combustor to the turbine exit are scaled off to form an equivalent nozzle. A principal function of a turbine in an APU is to extract mechanical energy from the flow stream through the exertion of a resistive force. Therefore, the turbine is modeled by adding a negative body force to the momentum equation. This model is used to predict the ranges of frequencies over which there is a high probability for indirect combustion noise generation. Experimental spectra of internal pressure fluctuations and far-field noise of an RE220 APU are examined to identify anomalous peaks. These peaks are possible indirection combustion noise. In the case of the APU RE220, such peaks are identified. The frequency ranges of these peaks are found to overlap those predicted by the model theory. Based on this agreement, a tentative conclusion is drawn that there is good reason to believe that APUs do generate measurable indirect combustion noise. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Phil Doak for his numerous contributions to Aeroacoustics and the Journal of Sound and Vibration.

Progression of Space Transportation - Transitioning from Government to Commercial

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lueders, Kathy

2015-01-01

Spaceflight began as the exclusive province of government, however, starting in the 1980's the United States began to promote commercial participation in space transportation. Beginning with Executive policy and extending through legislation and regulation, NASA has embarked on facilitating the commercialization of space transportation to serve NASA needs and enable a non-NASA market place. This presentation provides background on the transition to commercial space transportation and the specific role NASA is playing in that endeavor.

Aviation Logistics in U.S. Pacific Command: A Cost-Based Analysis and Comparative Advantage to Commercial Shipment

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-12-01

IN U.S. PACIFIC COMMAND: A COST- BASED ANALYSIS AND COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE TO COMMERCIAL SHIPMENT by Tod B. Diffey Matthew J. Beck December...PACIFIC COMMAND: A COST- BASED ANALYSIS AND COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE TO COMMERCIAL SHIPMENT 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 6. AUTHOR(S) Tod B. Diffey and Matthew...this study will provide a cost based analysis and qualitative evaluation regarding the use of commercial agencies and/or United States Marine Corps

Southwest Project: resource/institutional requirements analysis. Volume III. Systems integration studies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ormsby, L. S.; Sawyer, T. G.; Brown, Dr., M. L.

The purpose of this project is to provide information to DOE which can be used to establish its plans for accelerated commercialization and market penetration of solar electric generating plants in the southwestern region of the United States. The area of interest includes Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and sections of Oklahoma and Texas. The system integration study establishes the investment that utilities could afford to make in solar thermal, photovoltaic, and wind energy systems, and to assess the sensitivity of the break-even cost to critical variables including fuel escalation rates, fixed charge rates, load growth rates, cloudmore » cover, number of sites, load shape, and energy storage. This information will be used as input to Volume IV, Institutional Studies, one objective of which will be to determine the incentives required to close the gap between the break-even investment for the utilities of the Southwest and the estimated cost of solar generation.« less

Energy performance and greenhouse gas emissions of kelp cultivation for biogas and fertilizer recovery in Sweden.

PubMed

Pechsiri, Joseph S; Thomas, Jean-Baptiste E; Risén, Emma; Ribeiro, Mauricio S; Malmström, Maria E; Nylund, Göran M; Jansson, Anette; Welander, Ulrika; Pavia, Henrik; Gröndahl, Fredrik

2016-12-15

The cultivation of seaweed as a feedstock for third generation biofuels is gathering interest in Europe, however, many questions remain unanswered in practise, notably regarding scales of operation, energy returns on investment (EROI) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, all of which are crucial to determine commercial viability. This study performed an energy and GHG emissions analysis, using EROI and GHG savings potential respectively, as indicators of commercial viability for two systems: the Swedish Seafarm project's seaweed cultivation (0.5ha), biogas and fertilizer biorefinery, and an estimation of the same system scaled up and adjusted to a cultivation of 10ha. Based on a conservative estimate of biogas yield, neither the 0.5ha case nor the up-scaled 10ha estimates met the (commercial viability) target EROI of 3, nor the European Union Renewable Energy Directive GHG savings target of 60% for biofuels, however the potential for commercial viability was substantially improved by scaling up operations: GHG emissions and energy demand, per unit of biogas, was almost halved by scaling operations up by a factor of twenty, thereby approaching the EROI and GHG savings targets set, under beneficial biogas production conditions. Further analysis identified processes whose optimisations would have a large impact on energy use and emissions (such as anaerobic digestion) as well as others embodying potential for further economies of scale (such as harvesting), both of which would be of interest for future developments of kelp to biogas and fertilizer biorefineries. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

31 CFR 515.527 - Certain transactions with respect to United States intellectual property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... paragraph (a)(1) of this section with respect to a mark, trade name, or commercial name that is the same as or substantially similar to a mark, trade name, or commercial name that was used in connection with a... of the mark, trade name, or commercial name, or the bona fide successor-in-interest has expressly...