7 CFR 91.16 - Order of a laboratory service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Order of a laboratory service. 91.16 Section 91.16..., Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Laboratory Service § 91.16 Order of a laboratory service. Laboratory...

7 CFR 91.16 - Order of a laboratory service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Laboratory Service § 91.16 Order of a laboratory service. Laboratory... 7 Agriculture 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Order of a laboratory service. 91.16 Section 91.16...

7 CFR 91.1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES... administrative rules of the Science and Technology of the Agricultural Marketing Service for conducting the analytical testing and laboratory audits with quality assurance reviews. It also contains the fees, charges...

7 CFR 91.1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES... administrative rules of the Science and Technology of the Agricultural Marketing Service for conducting the analytical testing and laboratory audits with quality assurance reviews. It also contains the fees, charges...

7 CFR 91.1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES... administrative rules of the Science and Technology of the Agricultural Marketing Service for conducting the analytical testing and laboratory audits with quality assurance reviews. It also contains the fees, charges...

7 CFR 91.1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES... administrative rules of the Science and Technology of the Agricultural Marketing Service for conducting the analytical testing and laboratory audits with quality assurance reviews. It also contains the fees, charges...

7 CFR 91.35 - Who shall perform an appealed laboratory service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Appeal of Laboratory Services § 91.35 Who shall perform an appealed laboratory service. An appealed laboratory service shall be performed... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Who shall perform an appealed laboratory service. 91...

7 CFR 98.100 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS MEALS, READY-TO-EAT (MRE's), MEATS, AND MEAT PRODUCTS USDA Certification of Laboratories for the Testing of... specified in this subpart shall receive an AMS Science and Technology certificate to approve its analysis...

7 CFR 98.100 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS MEALS, READY-TO-EAT (MRE's), MEATS, AND MEAT PRODUCTS USDA Certification of Laboratories for the Testing of... specified in this subpart shall receive an AMS Science and Technology certificate to approve its analysis...

7 CFR 98.100 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS MEALS, READY-TO-EAT (MREs), MEATS, AND MEAT PRODUCTS USDA Certification of Laboratories for the Testing of... specified in this subpart shall receive an AMS Science and Technology certificate to approve its analysis...

7 CFR 98.100 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS MEALS, READY-TO-EAT (MRE's), MEATS, AND MEAT PRODUCTS USDA Certification of Laboratories for the Testing of... specified in this subpart shall receive an AMS Science and Technology certificate to approve its analysis...

7 CFR 91.15 - Basis of a laboratory service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Basis of a laboratory service. 91.15 Section 91.15..., Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Laboratory Service § 91.15 Basis of a laboratory service. Analytical...

7 CFR 91.15 - Basis of a laboratory service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Laboratory Service § 91.15 Basis of a laboratory service. Analytical... 7 Agriculture 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Basis of a laboratory service. 91.15 Section 91.15...

7 CFR 94.5 - Charges for laboratory service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Charges for laboratory service. 94.5 Section 94.5 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS...

7 CFR 91.34 - When an appeal of a laboratory service may be refused.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Appeal of Laboratory Services § 91.34 When an appeal of a laboratory service may be refused. An application for an appeal of a laboratory... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false When an appeal of a laboratory service may be refused...

7 CFR 91.33 - When an application for an appeal of a laboratory service may be withdrawn.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Appeal of Laboratory Services § 91.33 When an application for an appeal of a laboratory service may be withdrawn. An... 7 Agriculture 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false When an application for an appeal of a laboratory...

7 CFR 91.31 - When an appeal of a laboratory service may be requested.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Appeal of Laboratory Services § 91.31 When an appeal of a laboratory service may be requested. (a) An application for an appeal... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false When an appeal of a laboratory service may be...

7 CFR 91.33 - When an application for an appeal of a laboratory service may be withdrawn.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Appeal of Laboratory Services § 91.33 When an application for an appeal of a laboratory service may be withdrawn. An... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false When an application for an appeal of a laboratory...

7 CFR 91.31 - When an appeal of a laboratory service may be requested.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Appeal of Laboratory Services § 91.31 When an appeal of a laboratory service may be requested. (a) An application for an appeal... 7 Agriculture 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false When an appeal of a laboratory service may be...

7 CFR 91.40 - Fees for courier service and facsimile of the analysis report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Fees and Charges § 91.40... the shortest round trip route from laboratory to sample retrieval site. Pursuant to the requirements...

7 CFR 91.40 - Fees for courier service and facsimile of the analysis report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Fees and Charges § 91.40... the shortest round trip route from laboratory to sample retrieval site. Pursuant to the requirements...

7 CFR 91.40 - Fees for courier service and facsimile of the analysis report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Fees and Charges § 91.40... the shortest round trip route from laboratory to sample retrieval site. Pursuant to the requirements...

7 CFR 91.40 - Fees for courier service and facsimile of the analysis report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Fees and Charges § 91.40... the shortest round trip route from laboratory to sample retrieval site. Pursuant to the requirements...

7 CFR 91.40 - Fees for courier service and facsimile of the analysis report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Fees and Charges § 91.40... the shortest round trip route from laboratory to sample retrieval site. Pursuant to the requirements...

7 CFR 91.32 - Where to file for an appeal of a laboratory service and information required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Appeal of Laboratory Services § 91.32 Where to file for an appeal of a laboratory service and information required. (a... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Where to file for an appeal of a laboratory service...

7 CFR 91.32 - Where to file for an appeal of a laboratory service and information required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Appeal of Laboratory Services § 91.32 Where to file for an appeal of a laboratory service and information required. (a... 7 Agriculture 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Where to file for an appeal of a laboratory service...

Quality and future of clinical laboratories: the Vico's whole cyclical theory of the recurring cycles.

PubMed

Plebani, Mario

2018-05-24

In the last few decades, laboratory medicine has undergone monumental changes, and laboratory technology, which has made enormous advances, now has new clinical applications thanks to the identification of a growing number of biomarkers and risk factors conducive to the promotion of predictive and preventive interventions that have enhanced the role of laboratory medicine in health care delivering. However, the paradigm shift in the past 50 years has led to a gap between laboratory and clinic, with an increased risk of inappropriateness in test request and interpretation, as well as the consolidation of analytical work in focused factories and megastructurers oriented only toward achieving greater volumes, decreasing cost per test and generating a vision of laboratory services as simple commodities. A careful historical revision of the changing models for delivering laboratory services in the United States leads to the prediction that there are several reasons for counteracting the vision of clinical laboratory as a commodity, and restoring the true nature of laboratory services as an integral part of the diagnosis and therapy process. The present study, which reports on internal and external drivers for change, proposes an integrated vision of quality in laboratory medicine.

Syphilis testing practices in the Americas.

PubMed

Trinh, Thuy T; Kamb, Mary L; Luu, Minh; Ham, D Cal; Perez, Freddy

2017-09-01

To present the findings of the Pan American Health Organization's 2014 survey on syphilis testing policies and practices in the Americas. Representatives of national/regional reference and large, lower-level laboratories from 35 member states were invited to participate. A semi-structured, electronically administered questionnaire collected data on syphilis tests, algorithms, equipment/commodities, challenges faced and basic quality assurance (QA) strategies employed (i.e. daily controls, standard operating procedures, technician training, participating in external QA programmes, on-site evaluations). The 69 participating laboratories from 30 (86%) member states included 41 (59%) national/regional reference and 28 (41%) lower-level laboratories. Common syphilis tests conducted were the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) (62% of surveyed laboratories), venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) (54%), fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) (41%) and Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) (32%). Only three facilities reported using direct detection methods, and 28 (41% overall, 32% of lower-level facilities) used rapid tests. Most laboratories (62%) used only traditional testing algorithms (non-treponemal screening and treponemal confirmatory testing); however, 12% used only a reverse sequence algorithm (treponemal test first), and 14% employed both algorithms. Another nine (12%) laboratories conducted only one type of serologic test. Although most reference (97%) and lower-level (89%) laboratories used at least one QA strategy, only 16% reported using all five basic strategies. Commonly reported challenges were stock-outs of essential reagents or commodities (46%), limited staff training (73%) and insufficient equipment (39%). Many reference and clinical laboratories in the Americas face challenges in conducting appropriate syphilis testing and in ensuring quality of testing. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd The Pan-American Health Organization retains copyright and all other rights in the manuscript of this article as submitted for publication.

7 CFR 94.300 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS POULTRY AND EGG PRODUCTS Processed Poultry Products § 94.300 General. Laboratory services of processed poultry... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false General. 94.300 Section 94.300 Agriculture Regulations...

7 CFR 94.300 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS POULTRY AND EGG PRODUCTS Processed Poultry Products § 94.300 General. Laboratory services of processed poultry... 7 Agriculture 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false General. 94.300 Section 94.300 Agriculture Regulations...

7 CFR 90.101 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS... approved by the Science and Technology shall have quality assurance requirements that are generalized in...

7 CFR 90.101 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS... approved by the Science and Technology shall have quality assurance requirements that are generalized in...

7 CFR 90.101 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS... approved by the Science and Technology shall have quality assurance requirements that are generalized in...

7 CFR 90.101 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS... approved by the Science and Technology shall have quality assurance requirements that are generalized in...

Assessment of laboratory logistics management information system practice for HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis laboratory commodities in selected public health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

PubMed

Desale, Adino; Taye, Bineyam; Belay, Getachew; Nigatu, Alemayehu

2013-01-01

Logistics management information system for health commodities remained poorly implemented in most of developing countries. To assess the status of laboratory logistics management information system for HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis laboratory commodities in public health facilities in Addis Ababa. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from September 2010-January 2011 at selected public health facilities. A stratified random sampling method was used to include a total of 43 facilities which, were investigated through quantitative methods using structured questionnaires interviews. Focus group discussion with the designated supply chain managers and key informant interviews were conducted for the qualitative method. There exists a well-designed logistics system for laboratory commodities with trained pharmacy personnel, distributed standard LMIS formats and established inventory control procedures. However, majority of laboratory professionals were not trained in LMIS. Majority of the facilities (60.5%) were stocked out for at least one ART monitoring and TB laboratory reagents and the highest stock out rate was for chemistry reagents. Expired ART monitoring laboratory commodities were found in 25 (73.5%) of facilities. Fifty percent (50%) of the assessed hospitals and 54% of health centers were currently using stock/bin cards for all HIV/AIDS and TB laboratory commodities in main pharmacy store, among these only 25% and 20.8% of them were updated with accurate information matching with the physical count done at the time of visit for hospitals and health centers respectively. Even though there exists a well designed laboratory LMIS, keeping quality stock/bin cards and LMIS reports were very low. Key ART monitoring laboratory commodities were stock out at many facilities at the day of visit and during the past six months. Based on findings, training of laboratory personnel's managing laboratory commodities and keeping accurate inventory control procedures were recommended.

Assessment of laboratory logistics management information system practice for HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis laboratory commodities in selected public health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

PubMed Central

Desale, Adino; Taye, Bineyam; Belay, Getachew; Nigatu, Alemayehu

2013-01-01

Introduction Logistics management information system for health commodities remained poorly implemented in most of developing countries. To assess the status of laboratory logistics management information system for HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis laboratory commodities in public health facilities in Addis Ababa. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from September 2010-January 2011 at selected public health facilities. A stratified random sampling method was used to include a total of 43 facilities which, were investigated through quantitative methods using structured questionnaires interviews. Focus group discussion with the designated supply chain managers and key informant interviews were conducted for the qualitative method. Results There exists a well-designed logistics system for laboratory commodities with trained pharmacy personnel, distributed standard LMIS formats and established inventory control procedures. However, majority of laboratory professionals were not trained in LMIS. Majority of the facilities (60.5%) were stocked out for at least one ART monitoring and TB laboratory reagents and the highest stock out rate was for chemistry reagents. Expired ART monitoring laboratory commodities were found in 25 (73.5%) of facilities. Fifty percent (50%) of the assessed hospitals and 54% of health centers were currently using stock/bin cards for all HIV/AIDS and TB laboratory commodities in main pharmacy store, among these only 25% and 20.8% of them were updated with accurate information matching with the physical count done at the time of visit for hospitals and health centers respectively. Conclusion Even though there exists a well designed laboratory LMIS, keeping quality stock/bin cards and LMIS reports were very low. Key ART monitoring laboratory commodities were stock out at many facilities at the day of visit and during the past six months. Based on findings, training of laboratory personnel's managing laboratory commodities and keeping accurate inventory control procedures were recommended. PMID:24106574

7 CFR 91.6 - Availability of services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS... furnished whenever a Science and Technology staff is available and the facilities and conditions are...

7 CFR 91.6 - Availability of services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS... furnished whenever a Science and Technology staff is available and the facilities and conditions are...

7 CFR 97.179 - Copies and certified copies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS..., copies of applications, certificates, or of any records, books, papers, drawings, or photographs in the...

7 CFR 93.14 - Fees for aflatoxin analysis and fees for testing of other mycotoxins.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fees for aflatoxin analysis and fees for testing of other mycotoxins. 93.14 Section 93.14 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS PROCESSED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES Peanuts, Tree...

7 CFR 91.39 - Premium hourly fee rates for overtime and legal holiday service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... overtime work. When analytical testing in a Science and Technology facility requires the services of... (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Fees and Charges § 91.39 Premium hourly fee rates for overtime and legal holiday service. (a) When analytical testing in a Science...

7 CFR 91.39 - Premium hourly fee rates for overtime and legal holiday service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... overtime work. When analytical testing in a Science and Technology facility requires the services of... (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Fees and Charges § 91.39 Premium hourly fee rates for overtime and legal holiday service. (a) When analytical testing in a Science...

7 CFR 91.39 - Premium hourly fee rates for overtime and legal holiday service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... overtime work. When analytical testing in a Science and Technology facility requires the services of... (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Fees and Charges § 91.39 Premium hourly fee rates for overtime and legal holiday service. (a) When analytical testing in a Science...

7 CFR 91.39 - Premium hourly fee rates for overtime and legal holiday service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... overtime work. When analytical testing in a Science and Technology facility requires the services of... (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Fees and Charges § 91.39 Premium hourly fee rates for overtime and legal holiday service. (a) When analytical testing in a Science...

7 CFR 93.14 - Fees for aflatoxin analysis and fees for testing of other mycotoxins.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Fees for aflatoxin analysis and fees for testing of... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS PROCESSED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES Peanuts, Tree Nuts, Corn and Other Oilseeds § 93.14 Fees for aflatoxin analysis and fees for testing of other...

7 CFR 93.14 - Fees for aflatoxin analysis and fees for testing of other mycotoxins.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Fees for aflatoxin analysis and fees for testing of... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS PROCESSED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES Peanuts, Tree Nuts, Corn and Other Oilseeds § 93.14 Fees for aflatoxin analysis and fees for testing of other...

7 CFR 93.14 - Fees for aflatoxin analysis and fees for testing of other mycotoxins.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Fees for aflatoxin analysis and fees for testing of... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS PROCESSED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES Peanuts, Tree Nuts, Corn and Other Oilseeds § 93.14 Fees for aflatoxin analysis and fees for testing of other...

7 CFR 97.157 - Professional conduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS... appearing before the Office shall conform to the standards of ethical and professional conduct, generally...

7 CFR 97.100 - Examination of applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS... if there are fundamental defects in the application, as determined by the examiner, the examination...

7 CFR 110.9 - Miscellaneous.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS... recordkeeping provisions in this rule have been approved by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and there...

7 CFR 90.3 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 90.3 Section 90.3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS...

7 CFR 90.101 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false General. 90.101 Section 90.101 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS...

7 CFR 98.100 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false General. 98.100 Section 98.100 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS MEALS...

7 CFR 91.1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false General. 91.1 Section 91.1 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES...

7 CFR 97.5 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS... International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (including states which are members of an...

7 CFR 93.14 - Fees for aflatoxin analysis and fees for testing of other mycotoxins.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS PROCESSED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES Peanuts, Tree...: 334-794-5070, Facsimile: 334-792-1432. (b) The charge for the aflatoxin testing of raw peanuts under the Peanut Marketing Agreement for subsamples 1-AB, 2-AB, 3-AB, and 1-CD is a set cost per pair of...

7 CFR 97.14 - Joint applicants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS..., notice of the filing of the application shall be published once in the Official Journal. Prior to the...

7 CFR 97.403 - Manner of service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS... of serving the paper is practicable, service may be by notice, published once in the Office Journal...

7 CFR 91.6 - Availability of services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Availability of services. 91.6 Section 91.6 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS...

7 CFR 90.2 - General terms defined.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false General terms defined. 90.2 Section 90.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS...

7 CFR 110.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Definitions. 110.2 Section 110.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS RECORDKEEPING ON RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDES BY...

7 CFR 110.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Definitions. 110.2 Section 110.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS RECORDKEEPING ON RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDES BY...

7 CFR 90.102 - Quality assurance review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Quality assurance review. 90.102 Section 90.102 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS INTRODUCTION Quality Assurance §...

The Tanzania experience: clinical laboratory testing harmonization and equipment standardization at different levels of a tiered health laboratory system.

PubMed

Massambu, Charles; Mwangi, Christina

2009-06-01

The rapid scale-up of the care and treatment programs in Tanzania during the preceding 4 years has greatly increased the demand for quality laboratory services for diagnosis of HIV and monitoring patients during antiretroviral therapy. Laboratory services were not in a position to cope with this demand owing to poor infrastructure, lack of human resources, erratic and/or lack of reagent supply and commodities, and slow manual technologies. With the limited human resources in the laboratory and the need for scaling up the care and treatment program, it became necessary to install automated equipment and train personnel for the increased volume of testing and new tests across all laboratory levels. With the numerous partners procuring equipment, the possibility of a multitude of equipment platforms with attendant challenges for procurement of reagents, maintenance of equipment, and quality assurance arose. Tanzania, therefore, had to harmonize laboratory tests and standardize laboratory equipment at different levels of the laboratory network. The process of harmonization of tests and standardization of equipment included assessment of laboratories, review of guidelines, development of a national laboratory operational plan, and stakeholder advocacy. This document outlines this process.

Optimising the laboratory supply chain: The key to effective laboratory services

PubMed Central

Williams, Jason; Smith, Peter; Kuritsky, Joel

2014-01-01

Background The Supply Chain Management System (SCMS) is a contract managed under the Partnership for Supply Chain Management (PFSCM) consortium by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). SCMS procures commodities for programmes supported by the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). From 2005 to mid-2012, PEPFAR, through SCMS, spent approximately $384 million on non-pharmaceutical commodities. Of this, an estimated $90m was used to purchase flow cytometry technology, largely for flow cytometry platforms and reagents. Objectives The purpose of this paper is to highlight the cost differences between low, medium and high utilisation rates of common CD4 testing instruments that have been procured though PEPFAR funding. Method A scale of costs per test as a function of test volume through the machine was calculated for the two most common CD4 testing machines used in HIV programmes: Becton Dickinson (BD) FACSCount™ and BD FACSCalibur™. Instrument utilisation data collected at the facility level in three selected countries were then used to calculate the onsite cost-per-test experienced in each country. Results Cost analyses indicated that a target of at least 40% utilisation for FACSCount™ and 15% utilisation for FACSCalibur™, respectively, closely approach maximal per-test cost efficiency. The average utilisation rate for CD4 testing instruments varies widely by country, level of laboratory and partner (0% − 68%). Conclusion Our analysis indicates that, because cost-per-test is related inversely to sample throughput, the underutilisation of flow cytometry machines is resulting in an increase in average cost-per-test for many instruments. PMID:29043175

Syphilis testing in antenatal care: Policies and practices among laboratories in the Americas.

PubMed

Luu, Minh; Ham, Cal; Kamb, Mary L; Caffe, Sonja; Hoover, Karen W; Perez, Freddy

2015-06-01

To asses laboratory syphilis testing policies and practices among laboratories in the Americas. Laboratory directors or designees from PAHO member countries were invited to participate in a structured, electronically-delivered survey between March and August, 2014. Data on syphilis tests, algorithms, and quality control (QC) practices were analyzed, focusing on laboratories receiving specimens from antenatal clinics (ANCs). Surveys were completed by 69 laboratories representing 30 (86%) countries. Participating laboratories included 36 (52%) national or regional reference labs and 33 (48%) lower-level laboratories. Most (94%) were public sector facilities and 71% reported existence of a national algorithm for syphilis testing in pregnancy, usually involving both treponemal and non-treponemal testing (72%). Less than half (41%) used rapid syphilis tests (RSTs); and only seven laboratories representing five countries reported RSTs were included in the national algorithm for pregnant women. Most (83%) laboratories serving ANCs reported using some type of QC system; 68% of laboratories reported participation in external QC. Only 36% of laboratories reported data to national/local surveillance. Half of all laboratories serving ANC settings reported a stockout of one or more essential supplies during the previous year (median duration, 30days). Updating laboratory algorithms, improving testing standards, integrating data into existing surveillance, and improved procurement and distribution of commodities may be needed to ensure elimination of MTCT of syphilis in the Americas. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

7 CFR 110.5 - Availability of records to facilitate medical treatment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Availability of records to facilitate medical treatment. 110.5 Section 110.5 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS...

7 CFR 93.5 - Fees for citrus product analyses set by cooperative agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS PROCESSED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES Citrus Juices and Certain... applicant, the State of Florida, and the AMS Deputy Administrator, Science and Technology programs. A... Technology and the State of Florida, regarding the set hourly rate and the costs to perform individual...

7 CFR 93.5 - Fees for citrus product analyses set by cooperative agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS PROCESSED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES Citrus Juices and Certain... applicant, the State of Florida, and the AMS Deputy Administrator, Science and Technology programs. A... Technology and the State of Florida, regarding the set hourly rate and the costs to perform individual...

7 CFR 93.5 - Fees for citrus product analyses set by cooperative agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS PROCESSED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES Citrus Juices and Certain... applicant, the State of Florida, and the AMS Deputy Administrator, Science and Technology programs. A... Technology and the State of Florida, regarding the set hourly rate and the costs to perform individual...

7 CFR 93.5 - Fees for citrus product analyses set by cooperative agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS PROCESSED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES Citrus Juices and Certain... applicant, the State of Florida, and the AMS Deputy Administrator, Science and Technology programs. A... Technology and the State of Florida, regarding the set hourly rate and the costs to perform individual...

7 CFR 91.28 - Issuance of corrected certificates or amendments for analysis reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... analysis reports. 91.28 Section 91.28 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued... (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Reporting § 91.28 Issuance of corrected certificates or amendments for analysis reports. (a) A corrected certificate of analysis...

7 CFR 91.29 - Issuance of duplicate certificates or reissuance of an analysis report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... analysis report. 91.29 Section 91.29 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued... (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Reporting § 91.29 Issuance of duplicate certificates or reissuance of an analysis report. (a) Upon request by an applicant, a...

7 CFR 91.28 - Issuance of corrected certificates or amendments for analysis reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... analysis reports. 91.28 Section 91.28 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued... (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Reporting § 91.28 Issuance of corrected certificates or amendments for analysis reports. (a) A corrected certificate of analysis...

7 CFR 91.29 - Issuance of duplicate certificates or reissuance of an analysis report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... analysis report. 91.29 Section 91.29 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued... (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Reporting § 91.29 Issuance of duplicate certificates or reissuance of an analysis report. (a) Upon request by an applicant, a...

7 CFR 91.29 - Issuance of duplicate certificates or reissuance of an analysis report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... analysis report. 91.29 Section 91.29 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued... (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Reporting § 91.29 Issuance of duplicate certificates or reissuance of an analysis report. (a) Upon request by an applicant, a...

7 CFR 91.29 - Issuance of duplicate certificates or reissuance of an analysis report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... analysis report. 91.29 Section 91.29 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued... (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Reporting § 91.29 Issuance of duplicate certificates or reissuance of an analysis report. (a) Upon request by an applicant, a...

7 CFR 91.29 - Issuance of duplicate certificates or reissuance of an analysis report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... analysis report. 91.29 Section 91.29 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued... (CONTINUED) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Reporting § 91.29 Issuance of duplicate certificates or reissuance of an analysis report. (a) Upon request by an applicant, a...

78 FR 16777 - Export Sales Reporting Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-19

... DDG] would facilitate market transparency and allow our industry and our corn marketing partners with... commodities to be used for seed which have been treated in such a manner that their use is limited to seed for planting purposes or on which a certificate has been issued by a recognized seed testing laboratory setting...

7 CFR 91.10 - Information required in connection with an application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... requested, and the size of the sample. In addition, information regarding analysis of the lot by any federal... 7 Agriculture 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Information required in connection with an application...) COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION Application for Services § 91.10...

[Revolution of the health care delivery system and its impacts on laboratory testing in the United States].

PubMed

Takemura, Y; Ishibashi, M

2000-02-01

Failure to slow the exponential growth of total health care expenditures in the United States through the government policies resulted in a rapid and progressive penetration of managed care organizations(MCOs) in the early 1990s. Diagnostic testing is viewed as a "commodity" rather than a medical service under the managed care environment. Traditional hospital-based laboratories are placed in a downward spiral with the advent of managed care era. A massive reduction of in-house testing resulted from shorter lengths of patients' hospital stay and a marked decrease in admission under the dominance of managed care urges them to develop strategies for restoring tests deprived by the managed care-associated new businesses: consolidation and networking, participation in the outreach-testing market, and point-of-care/satellite laboratory testing in non-traditional, ambulatory settings are major strategies for survival of hospital laboratories. A number of physicians' office laboratories(POLs) have been closed owing to regulatory restrictions imposed by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988(CLIA '88), and to the expanded penetration of MCOs which limit reimbursement to a very few in-house procedures. It seems likely that POLs and hospital laboratories continue to reduce test volumes, while commercial reference laboratories(CRLs) gain more tests through contracting with MCOs. In the current stream of managed care dominance in the United States, clinical laboratories are changing their basic operation focus and mission in response to the aggressively changing landscape. Traditional laboratories which are unwilling to adapt themselves to the new environment will not survive in this country.

Challenges of Maintaining Good Clinical Laboratory Practices in Low-Resource Settings:  A Health Program Evaluation Framework Case Study From East Africa.

PubMed

Zhang, Helen L; Omondi, Michael W; Musyoka, Augustine M; Afwamba, Isaac A; Swai, Remigi P; Karia, Francis P; Muiruri, Charles; Reddy, Elizabeth A; Crump, John A; Rubach, Matthew P

2016-08-01

Using a clinical research laboratory as a case study, we sought to characterize barriers to maintaining Good Clinical Laboratory Practice (GCLP) services in a developing world setting. Using a US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention framework for program evaluation in public health, we performed an evaluation of the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre-Duke University Health Collaboration clinical research laboratory sections of the Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute in Moshi, Tanzania. Laboratory records from November 2012 through October 2014 were reviewed for this analysis. During the 2-year period of study, seven instrument malfunctions suspended testing required for open clinical trials. A median (range) of 9 (1-55) days elapsed between instrument malfunction and biomedical engineer service. Sixteen (76.1%) of 21 suppliers of reagents, controls, and consumables were based outside Tanzania. Test throughput among laboratory sections used a median (range) of 0.6% (0.2%-2.7%) of instrument capacity. Five (55.6%) of nine laboratory technologists left their posts over 2 years. These findings demonstrate that GCLP laboratory service provision in this setting is hampered by delays in biomedical engineer support, delays and extra costs in commodity procurement, low testing throughput, and high personnel turnover. © American Society for Clinical Pathology, 2016. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

[AT THE CROSSROADS: THE ROLE OF LABORATORY MEDICINE IN THE PATIENT CARE PROCESS].

PubMed

Geffen, Yuval; Zaidise, Itzhak

2017-06-01

In recent decades, the laboratory medicine profession has undergone significant changes due to both technological developments and economic constraints. Technological innovations support automation, provide faster and more accurate equipment, and allow increased efficiency through the use of commercial test kits. These changes, combined with budgetary constraints, have led to mergers and centralization of medical laboratories to optimize work and cut costs. While this centralization may be a business necessity, it leads to a disconnection between the laboratory and the clinical context. In addition, laboratory tests are treated as a commodity, which places emphasis on price only, rather than quality. In this article, we review the developments and changes that medical laboratories and the laboratory medicine profession have undergone in recent decades. We focus on technological and structural challenges affecting the functioning of medical laboratories and the relations between laboratory workers and medical teams. We then introduce vocational education changes required for the laboratory medicine profession. We propose defining the role of medical laboratory directors in terms of their basic training as medical doctors or doctors of science. We suggest that laboratory employees should become a reliable source of information regarding selection of appropriate test methods, processing data and presenting the results to the medical staff. Laboratory workers must deepen their clinical knowledge and become an integral part of the patient care process, along with medical and nursing staff. Special training programs for medical laboratory workers and directors must be developed in order to match the complex activities currently being conducted in laboratories.

An informatics model for guiding assembly of telemicrobiology workstations for malaria collaborative diagnostics using commodity products and open-source software.

PubMed

Suhanic, West; Crandall, Ian; Pennefather, Peter

2009-07-17

Deficits in clinical microbiology infrastructure exacerbate global infectious disease burdens. This paper examines how commodity computation, communication, and measurement products combined with open-source analysis and communication applications can be incorporated into laboratory medicine microbiology protocols. Those commodity components are all now sourceable globally. An informatics model is presented for guiding the use of low-cost commodity components and free software in the assembly of clinically useful and usable telemicrobiology workstations. The model incorporates two general principles: 1) collaborative diagnostics, where free and open communication and networking applications are used to link distributed collaborators for reciprocal assistance in organizing and interpreting digital diagnostic data; and 2) commodity engineering, which leverages globally available consumer electronics and open-source informatics applications, to build generic open systems that measure needed information in ways substantially equivalent to more complex proprietary systems. Routine microscopic examination of Giemsa and fluorescently stained blood smears for diagnosing malaria is used as an example to validate the model. The model is used as a constraint-based guide for the design, assembly, and testing of a functioning, open, and commoditized telemicroscopy system that supports distributed acquisition, exploration, analysis, interpretation, and reporting of digital microscopy images of stained malarial blood smears while also supporting remote diagnostic tracking, quality assessment and diagnostic process development. The open telemicroscopy workstation design and use-process described here can address clinical microbiology infrastructure deficits in an economically sound and sustainable manner. It can boost capacity to deal with comprehensive measurement of disease and care outcomes in individuals and groups in a distributed and collaborative fashion. The workstation enables local control over the creation and use of diagnostic data, while allowing for remote collaborative support of diagnostic data interpretation and tracking. It can enable global pooling of malaria disease information and the development of open, participatory, and adaptable laboratory medicine practices. The informatic model highlights how the larger issue of access to generic commoditized measurement, information processing, and communication technology in both high- and low-income countries can enable diagnostic services that are much less expensive, but substantially equivalent to those currently in use in high-income countries.

A Study on Market Efficiency of Selected Commodity Derivatives Traded on NCDEX During 2011

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sajipriya, N.

2012-10-01

The study aims at testing the weak form of Efficient Market Hypothesis in the context of an emerging commodity market - National Commodity Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX), which is considered as the prime commodity derivatives market in India. The study considered daily spot and futures prices of five selected commodities traded on NCDEX over 12 month period (the futures contracts originating and expiring during the period January 2011 to December 2011) The five commodities chosen are Pepper, Crude palm Oil, steel silver and Chana as they account for almost two-thirds of the value of agricultural commodity derivatives traded on NCDEX. The results of Run test indicate that both spot and futures prices are weak form efficient

26 CFR 1.954-0 - Introduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... income. (1) De minimis and full inclusion tests. (i) De minimis test. (A) In general. (B) Currency... debt instrument. (3) Property that does not give rise to income. (f) Commodities transactions. (1) In... losses. (2) Definitions. (i) Commodity. (ii) Commodities transaction. (iii) Qualified active sale. (A) In...

26 CFR 1.954-0 - Introduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... income. (1) De minimis and full inclusion tests. (i) De minimis test. (A) In general. (B) Currency... debt instrument. (3) Property that does not give rise to income. (f) Commodities transactions. (1) In... losses. (2) Definitions. (i) Commodity. (ii) Commodities transaction. (iii) Qualified active sale. (A) In...

From laboratory to point of entry: development and implementation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based genetic identification system to prevent introduction of quarantine insect species.

PubMed

Blaser, Simon; Diem, Hanspeter; von Felten, Andreas; Gueuning, Morgan; Andreou, Michael; Boonham, Neil; Tomlinson, Jennifer; Müller, Pie; Utzinger, Jürg; Frey, Jürg E; Bühlmann, Andreas

2018-06-01

Rapid genetic on-site identification methods at points of entry, such as seaports and airports, have the potential to become important tools to prevent the introduction and spread of economically harmful pest species that are unintentionally transported by the global trade of plant commodities. This paper reports the development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based identification system to prevent introduction of the three most frequently encountered regulated quarantine insect species groups at Swiss borders, Bemisia tabaci, Thrips palmi and several regulated fruit flies of the genera Bactrocera and Zeugodacus. The LAMP primers were designed to target a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene and were generated based on publicly available DNA sequences. Laboratory evaluations analysing 282 insect specimens suspected to be quarantine organisms revealed an overall test efficiency of 99%. Additional on-site evaluation at a point of entry using 37 specimens performed by plant health inspectors with minimal laboratory training resulted in an overall test efficiency of 95%. During both evaluation rounds, there were no false-positives and the observed false-negatives were attributable to human-induced manipulation errors. To overcome the possibility of accidental introduction of pests as a result of rare false-negative results, samples yielding negative results in the LAMP method were also subjected to DNA barcoding. Our LAMP assays reliably differentiated between the tested regulated and non-regulated insect species within <1 h. Hence, LAMP assays represent suitable tools for rapid on-site identification of harmful pests, which might facilitate an accelerated import control process for plant commodities. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

National Security Science and Technology Initiative: Air Cargo Screening

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bingham, Philip R; White, Tim; Cespedes, Ernesto

The non-intrusive inspection (NII) of consolidated air cargo carried on commercial passenger aircraft continues to be a technically challenging, high-priority requirement of the Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Directorate (DHS S&T), the Transportation Security Agency and the Federal Aviation Administration. The goal of deploying a screening system that can reliably and cost-effectively detect explosive threats in consolidated cargo without adversely affecting the flow of commerce will require significant technical advances that will take years to develop. To address this critical National Security need, the Battelle Memorial Institute (Battelle), under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with fourmore » of its associated US Department of Energy (DOE) National Laboratories (Oak Ridge, Pacific Northwest, Idaho, and Brookhaven), conducted a research and development initiative focused on identifying, evaluating, and integrating technologies for screening consolidated air cargo for the presence of explosive threats. Battelle invested $8.5M of internal research and development funds during fiscal years 2007 through 2009. The primary results of this effort are described in this document and can be summarized as follows: (1) Completed a gap analysis that identified threat signatures and observables, candidate technologies for detection, their current state of development, and provided recommendations for improvements to meet air cargo screening requirements. (2) Defined a Commodity/Threat/Detection matrix that focuses modeling and experimental efforts, identifies technology gaps and game-changing opportunities, and provides a means of summarizing current and emerging capabilities. (3) Defined key properties (e.g., elemental composition, average density, effective atomic weight) for basic commodity and explosive benchmarks, developed virtual models of the physical distributions (pallets) of three commodity types and three explosive benchmarks combinations, and conducted modeling and simulation studies to begin populating the matrix of commodities, threats, and detection technologies. (4) Designed and fabricated basic (homogeneous) commodity test pallets and fabricated inert stimulants to support experiments and to validate modeling/simulation results. (5) Developed/expanded the team's capabilities to conduct full-scale imaging (neutron and x-ray) experiments of air cargo commodities and explosive benchmarks. (6) Conducted experiments to improve the collection of trace particles of explosives from a variety of surfaces representative of air cargo materials by means of mechanical (air/vibration/pressure), thermal, and electrostatic methods. Air cargo screening is a difficult challenge that will require significant investment in both research and development to find a suitable solution to ensure the safety of passengers without significantly hindering the flow of commodities. The initiative funded by Battelle has positioned this group to make major contributions in meeting the air cargo challenge by developing collaborations, developing laboratory test systems, improving knowledge of the challenges (both technical and business) for air cargo screening, and increasing the understanding of the capabilities for current inspection methods (x-ray radiography, x-ray backscatter, etc.) and potential future inspection methods (neutron radiography, fusion of detector modalities, advanced trace detection, etc.). Lastly, air cargo screening is still an issue that will benefit from collaboration between Department of Energy Laboratories and Battelle. On January 7, 2010, DHS Secretary Napolitano joined White House Press Secretary Robert Gibbs and Assistant to the President for Counterterrorism and Homeland Security John Brennan to announce several recommendations DHS has made to the President for improving the technology and procedures used to protect air travel from acts of terrorism. (This announcement followed the 25 Dec'09 Delta/Northwest Airlines Flight 253 terror attack.) Secretary Napolitano outlined five recommendations DHS will pursue to enhance the safety of the traveling public. One of the five recommendations, read as follows: 'Establish a partnership on aviation security between DHS and the Department of Energy and its National Laboratories in order to develop new and more effective technologies to deter and disrupt known threats and proactively anticipate and protect against new ways by which terrorists could seek to board an aircraft.' In conclusion, it appears very timely that Battelle and its DOE lab partners initiated a serious collaboration on the air cargo topic, and that we should continue to work toward future collaboration in response to the government's needs.« less

7 CFR 93.3 - Analyses available and location of laboratory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Analyses available and location of laboratory. 93.3 Section 93.3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) COMMODITY...

Gas-liquid chromatographic method for determining ethylenethiourea in potatoes, spinach, applesauce, and milk: collaborative study.

PubMed

Onley, H H

1977-09-01

Eight laboratories collaboratively tested a gas-liquid chromatographic method for determining ethylenetiourea (ETU) in potatoes, spinach, applesauce, and milk. In the determinative step, ETU is converted to the S-butyl derivative (2-n-butylmercapto-2-imidazoline) which is detected by a flame photometric detector, sulfur mode. For unknown fortification levels of 0.06, 0.12, and 0.30 ppm, the collaborators reported an overall average recovery range of 85-97% in the various commodities. The method has been adopted as interim official first action.

Asymmetric Aldol Additions: A Guided-Inquiry Laboratory Activity on Catalysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

King, Jorge H. Torres; Wang, Hong; Yezierski, Ellen J.

2018-01-01

Despite the importance of asymmetric catalysis in both the pharmaceutical and commodity chemicals industries, asymmetric catalysis is under-represented in undergraduate chemistry laboratory curricula. A novel guided-inquiry experiment based on the asymmetric aldol addition was developed. Students conduct lab work to compare the effectiveness of…

HESTIA Commodities Exchange Pallet and Sounding Rocket Test Stand

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chaparro, Javier

2013-01-01

During my Spring 2016 internship, my two major contributions were the design of the Commodities Exchange Pallet and the design of a test stand for a 100 pounds-thrust sounding rocket. The Commodities Exchange Pallet is a prototype developed for the Human Exploration Spacecraft Testbed for Integration and Advancement (HESTIA) program. Under the HESTIA initiative the Commodities Exchange Pallet was developed as a method for demonstrating multi-system integration thru the transportation of In-Situ Resource Utilization produced oxygen and water to a human habitat. Ultimately, this prototype's performance will allow for future evaluation of integration, which may lead to the development of a flight capable pallet for future deep-space exploration missions. For HESTIA, my main task was to design the Commodities Exchange Pallet system to be used for completing an integration demonstration. Under the guidance of my mentor, I designed, both, the structural frame and fluid delivery system for the commodities pallet. The fluid delivery system includes a liquid-oxygen to gaseous-oxygen system, a water delivery system, and a carbon-dioxide compressors system. The structural frame is designed to meet safety and transportation requirements, as well as the ability to interface with the ER division's Portable Utility Pallet. The commodities pallet structure also includes independent instrumentation oxygen/water panels for operation and system monitoring. My major accomplishments for the commodities exchange pallet were the completion of the fluid delivery systems and the structural frame designs. In addition, parts selection was completed in order to expedite construction of the prototype, scheduled to begin in May of 2016. Once the commodities pallet is assembled and tested it is expected to complete a fully integrated transfer demonstration with the ISRU unit and the Environmental Control and Life Support System test chamber in September of 2016. In addition to the development of the Commodities Exchange Pallet, I also assisted in preparation for testing the upper stage of a sounding rocket developed as a Center Innovation Fund project. The main objective of this project is to demonstrate the integration between a propulsion system and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The upper stage and SOFC are scheduled to complete an integrated test in August of 2016. As part of preparation for scheduled testing, I was responsible for designing the upper stage's test stand/support structure and main engine plume deflector to be used during hot-fire testing (fig. 3). The structural components of the test stand need to meet safety requirements for operation of the propulsion system, which consist of a 100 pounds-thrust main engine and two 15 pounds-thrust reaction control thrusters. My main accomplishment for this project was the completion of the design and the parts selection for construction of the structure, scheduled to begin late April of 2016.

AgRISTARS: Foreign commodity production forecasting. Project test reports document, volume 1. [using North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and Minnesota

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Waggoner, J. T.; Phinney, D. E. (Principal Investigator)

1981-01-01

Foreign Commodity Production Forecasting testing activities through June 1981 are documented. A log of test reports is presented. Standard documentation sets are included for each test. The documentation elements presented in each set are summarized.

Thermal Performance Comparison of Glass Microsphere and Perlite Insulation Systems for Liquid Hydrogen Storage Tanks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sass, J. P.; Fesmire, J. E.; Nagy, Z. F.; Sojourner, S. J.; Morris, D. L.; Augustynowicz, S. D.

2008-03-01

A technology demonstration test project was conducted by the Cryogenics Test Laboratory at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) to provide comparative thermal performance data for glass microspheres, referred to as bubbles, and perlite insulation for liquid hydrogen tank applications. Two identical 1/15th scale versions of the 3,200,000 liter spherical liquid hydrogen tanks at Launch Complex 39 at KSC were custom designed and built to serve as test articles for this test project. Evaporative (boil-off) calorimeter test protocols, including liquid nitrogen and liquid hydrogen, were established to provide tank test conditions characteristic of the large storage tanks that support the Space Shuttle launch operations. This paper provides comparative thermal performance test results for bubbles and perlite for a wide range of conditions. Thermal performance as a function of cryogenic commodity (nitrogen and hydrogen), vacuum pressure, insulation fill level, tank liquid level, and thermal cycles will be presented.

7 CFR 868.90 - Fees for certain Federal inspection services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Miscellaneous Processed Commodities: 2 (1) Additional Tests (cost per test, assessed in addition to the hourly rate): (i) Aflatoxin Test (Thin Layer Chromatography) 51.40 (ii) Falling Number 12.50 (iii) Aflatoxin Test Kit 7.50 Graded Commodities (Beans, Peas, Lentils, Hops, and Pulses): (1) Additional Tests—Unit...

Electrostatic Precipitator

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-06-09

In their Swamp Works laboratory at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Dr. Carlos Calle and Jay Phillips are testing an electrostatic precipitator using dust that closely approximates the make-up of that on Mars. They upgraded their electrostatic precipitator to fully simulate Martian atmosphere by designing and constructing a dust aerosolization pre-chamber. The agency's Journey to Mars requires cutting-edge technologies to solve the problems explorers will face on the Red Planet. Scientists are developing some of the needed solutions by adapting a device to remove the ever-present dust from valuable elements in the Martian atmosphere. Those commodities include oxygen, water and methane.

78 FR 52166 - Quantitative Messaging Research

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-22

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Quantitative Messaging Research AGENCY: Commodity Futures... survey will follow qualitative message testing research (for which CFTC received fast-track OMB approval... message testing research (for which CFTC received fast-track OMB approval) and is necessary to identify...

Application of Bayesian techniques to model the burden of human salmonellosis attributable to U.S. food commodities at the point of processing: adaptation of a Danish model.

PubMed

Guo, Chuanfa; Hoekstra, Robert M; Schroeder, Carl M; Pires, Sara Monteiro; Ong, Kanyin Liane; Hartnett, Emma; Naugle, Alecia; Harman, Jane; Bennett, Patricia; Cieslak, Paul; Scallan, Elaine; Rose, Bonnie; Holt, Kristin G; Kissler, Bonnie; Mbandi, Evelyne; Roodsari, Reza; Angulo, Frederick J; Cole, Dana

2011-04-01

Mathematical models that estimate the proportion of foodborne illnesses attributable to food commodities at specific points in the food chain may be useful to risk managers and policy makers to formulate public health goals, prioritize interventions, and document the effectiveness of mitigations aimed at reducing illness. Using human surveillance data on laboratory-confirmed Salmonella infections from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Salmonella testing data from U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service's regulatory programs, we developed a point-of-processing foodborne illness attribution model by adapting the Hald Salmonella Bayesian source attribution model. Key model outputs include estimates of the relative proportions of domestically acquired sporadic human Salmonella infections resulting from contamination of raw meat, poultry, and egg products processed in the United States from 1998 through 2003. The current model estimates the relative contribution of chicken (48%), ground beef (28%), turkey (17%), egg products (6%), intact beef (1%), and pork (<1%) across 109 Salmonella serotypes found in food commodities at point of processing. While interpretation of the attribution estimates is constrained by data inputs, the adapted model shows promise and may serve as a basis for a common approach to attribution of human salmonellosis and food safety decision-making in more than one country. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

Application of Bayesian Techniques to Model the Burden of Human Salmonellosis Attributable to U.S. Food Commodities at the Point of Processing: Adaptation of a Danish Model

PubMed Central

Guo, Chuanfa; Hoekstra, Robert M.; Schroeder, Carl M.; Pires, Sara Monteiro; Ong, Kanyin Liane; Hartnett, Emma; Naugle, Alecia; Harman, Jane; Bennett, Patricia; Cieslak, Paul; Scallan, Elaine; Rose, Bonnie; Holt, Kristin G.; Kissler, Bonnie; Mbandi, Evelyne; Roodsari, Reza; Angulo, Frederick J.

2011-01-01

Abstract Mathematical models that estimate the proportion of foodborne illnesses attributable to food commodities at specific points in the food chain may be useful to risk managers and policy makers to formulate public health goals, prioritize interventions, and document the effectiveness of mitigations aimed at reducing illness. Using human surveillance data on laboratory-confirmed Salmonella infections from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Salmonella testing data from U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service's regulatory programs, we developed a point-of-processing foodborne illness attribution model by adapting the Hald Salmonella Bayesian source attribution model. Key model outputs include estimates of the relative proportions of domestically acquired sporadic human Salmonella infections resulting from contamination of raw meat, poultry, and egg products processed in the United States from 1998 through 2003. The current model estimates the relative contribution of chicken (48%), ground beef (28%), turkey (17%), egg products (6%), intact beef (1%), and pork (<1%) across 109 Salmonella serotypes found in food commodities at point of processing. While interpretation of the attribution estimates is constrained by data inputs, the adapted model shows promise and may serve as a basis for a common approach to attribution of human salmonellosis and food safety decision-making in more than one country. PMID:21235394

41 CFR 101-25.101-2 - Supply through storage and issue.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... dangerous commodities of high weight and density, or commodities highly susceptible to damage normally... close inspection or testing is necessary to secure quality, or where repetitive inspection and test of small lots are prohibitive from the standpoint of cost or potential urgency of need. (3) Where advance...

Choosing a commode for the ward environment.

PubMed

Ballinger, C; Pain, H; Pascoe, J; Gore, S

The choice of appropriate equipment to promote patient independence and enhance nursing care is of major concern to the nurse in the ward environment. This article reports on a recent evaluation of specialist commodes, (Ballinger et al, 1994), with reference to the programme funded by the Medical Devices Agency, Department of Health, under whose auspices the project was carried out. The results of user evaluations and technical tests of six mobile commodes are presented, the preferred model being the Mayfair commode supplied by Carters (J&A) Ltd. The article concludes by identifying a number of important considerations to bear in mind when selecting a commode.

Cross-commodity delay discounting of alcohol and money in alcohol users

PubMed Central

Moody, Lara N.; Tegge, Allison N.; Bickel, Warren K.

2017-01-01

Despite real-world implications, the pattern of delay discounting in alcohol users when the commodities now and later differ has not been well characterized. In this study, 60 participants on Amazon's Mechanical Turk completed the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) to assess severity of use and completed four delay discounting tasks between hypothetical, equivalent amounts of alcohol and money available at five delays. The tasks included two cross-commodity (alcohol now-money later and money now-alcohol later) and two same-commodity (money now-money later and alcohol now-alcohol later) conditions. Delay discounting was significantly associated with clinical cutoffs of the AUDIT for both of the cross-commodity conditions but not for either of the same-commodity delay discounting tasks. The cross-commodity discounting conditions were related to severity of use wherein heavy users discounted future alcohol less and future money more. The change in direction of the discounting effect was dependent on the commodity that was distally available suggesting a distinctive pattern of discounting across commodities when comparing light and heavy alcohol users. PMID:29056767

Cross-commodity delay discounting of alcohol and money in alcohol users.

PubMed

Moody, Lara N; Tegge, Allison N; Bickel, Warren K

2017-06-01

Despite real-world implications, the pattern of delay discounting in alcohol users when the commodities now and later differ has not been well characterized. In this study, 60 participants on Amazon's Mechanical Turk completed the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) to assess severity of use and completed four delay discounting tasks between hypothetical, equivalent amounts of alcohol and money available at five delays. The tasks included two cross-commodity (alcohol now-money later and money now-alcohol later) and two same-commodity (money now-money later and alcohol now-alcohol later) conditions. Delay discounting was significantly associated with clinical cutoffs of the AUDIT for both of the cross-commodity conditions but not for either of the same-commodity delay discounting tasks. The cross-commodity discounting conditions were related to severity of use wherein heavy users discounted future alcohol less and future money more. The change in direction of the discounting effect was dependent on the commodity that was distally available suggesting a distinctive pattern of discounting across commodities when comparing light and heavy alcohol users.

Smart Computer-Assisted Markets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McCabe, Kevin A.; Rassenti, Stephen J.; Smith, Vernon L.

1991-10-01

The deregulation movement has motivated the experimental study of auction markets designed for interdependent network industries such as natural gas pipelines or electric power systems. Decentralized agents submit bids to buy commodity and offers to sell transportation and commodity to a computerized dispatch center. Computer algorithms determine prices and allocations that maximize the gains from exchange in the system relative to the submitted bids and offers. The problem is important, because traditionally the scale and coordination economies in such industries were thought to require regulation. Laboratory experiments are used to study feasibility, limitations, incentives, and performance of proposed market designs for deregulation, providing motivation for new theory.

Data Cubes Integration in Spatial OLAP for Agricultural Commodities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Putri, A. I.; Sitanggang, I. S.

2017-03-01

Ministry of Agriculture Indonesia collects data of agricultural commodities in Indonesia in the annual period. Agricultural commodities data include food crops, horticulture, plantations, and livestock. The data are available in the spreadsheet format. This study developed data cubes for food crops, plantations, and livestock using the galaxy schema of data warehouse and integrated the data cubes into the SOLAP Horticulture using SpagoBI. SOLAP is useful for data analysis and data visualization. The application displays agricultural commodities data in form of crosstab and chart. This study also developed the location intelligence module that visualizes agricultural commodities data on the map. The system was tested using the black box approach. The result showed that main functions including roll up, drill down, slice, dice, and pivot work properly. This application is expected to enable users to easily obtain data summaries of agricultural commodities.

77 FR 1396 - Procurement of Commodities and Services Financed by USAID Federal Program Funds.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-10

... Agriculture Commodities, has been revised to state that USAID provides a list of restricted agricultural... salts, biologicals, and some in-vitro diagnostic reagents/test kits; but does not include devices or...

7 CFR 250.13 - Distribution and control of donated foods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... provided by USDA on commodity survey memoranda. The USDA commodity file cost shall be defined as the cost... agency to bona fide experimental or testing agencies, or for use in workshops, or for demonstrations or...

Exchanging the liquidity hypothesis: Delay discounting of money and self-relevant non-money rewards

PubMed Central

Stuppy-Sullivan, Allison M.; Tormohlen, Kayla N.; Yi, Richard

2015-01-01

Evidence that primary rewards (e.g., food and drugs of abuse) are discounted more than money is frequently attributed to money's high degree of liquidity, or exchangeability for many commodities. The present study provides some evidence against this liquidity hypothesis by contrasting delay discounting of monetary rewards (liquid) and non-monetary commodities (non-liquid) that are self-relevant and utility-matched. Ninety-seven (97) undergraduate students initially completed a conventional binary-choice delay discounting of money task. Participants returned one week later and completed a self-relevant commodity delay discounting task. Both conventional hypothesis testing and more-conservative tests of statistical equivalence revealed correspondence in rate of delay discounting of money and self-relevant commodities, and in one magnitude condition, less discounting for the latter. The present results indicate that liquidity of money cannot fully account for the lower rate of delay discounting compared to non-money rewards. PMID:26556504

Yield and Economic Responses of Peanut to Crop Rotation Sequence

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson, GA 39842. Proper crop rotation is essential to maintaining high peanut yield and quality. However, the economic considerations of maintaining or altering crop rotation sequences must incorporate the commodity prices, production costs, and yield responses...

Pathogen risk associated with farming practices

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7 associated with the consumption of leafy greens has focused attention on routes of contamination of these commodities with bacterial foodborne pathogens. A summary of research activities at the Environmental Micorbial and Food Safety Laboratory have evaluated mechanism...

ISO 15859 Propellant and Fluid Specifications: A Review and Comparison with Military and NASA Specifications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Greene, Ben; McClure, Mark B.; Baker, David L.

2006-01-01

This work presents an overview of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15859 International Standard for Space Systems Fluid Characteristics, Sampling and Test Methods Parts 1 through 13 issued in June 2004. These standards establish requirements for fluid characteristics, sampling, and test methods for 13 fluids of concern to the propellant community and propellant characterization laboratories: oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, helium, nitrogen tetroxide, monomethylhydrazine, hydrazine, kerosene, argon, water, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and breathing air. A comparison of the fluid characteristics, sampling, and test methods required by the ISO standards to the current military and NASA specifications, which are in use at NASA facilities and elsewhere, is presented. Many ISO standards composition limits and other content agree with those found in the applicable parts of NASA SE-S-0073, NASA SSP 30573, military performance standards and details, and Compressed Gas Association (CGA) commodity specifications. The status of a current project managed at NASA Johnson Space Center White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) to rewrite these documents is discussed.

Shared Freight Transportation and Energy Commodities Phase One: Coal, Crude Petroleum, & Natural Gas Flows

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chin, Shih-Miao; Hwang, Ho-Ling; Davidson, Diane

2016-07-01

The Freight Analysis Framework (FAF) integrates data from a variety of sources to create a comprehensive picture of nationwide freight movements among states and major metropolitan areas for all modes of transportation. It provides a national picture of current freight flows to, from, and within the United States, assigns selected flows to the transportation network, and projects freight flow patterns into the future. The latest release of FAF is known as FAF4 with a base year of 2012. The FAF4 origin-destination-commodity-mode (ODCM) matrix is provided at national, state, major metropolitan areas, and major gateways with significant freight activities (e.g., Elmore » Paso, Texas). The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is interested in using FAF4 database for its strategic planning and policy analysis, particularly in association with the transportation of energy commodities. However, the geographic specification that DOE requires is a county-level ODCM matrix. Unfortunately, the geographic regions in the FAF4 database were not available at the DOE desired detail. Due to this limitation, DOE tasked Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to assist in generating estimates of county-level flows for selected energy commodities by mode of transportation.« less

Enhanced diversity and aflatoxigenicity in interspecific hybrids of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus are two of the most important aflatoxin-producing species that contaminate agricultural commodities worldwide. Both species are heterothallic and undergo sexual reproduction in laboratory crosses. Here, we examine the possibility of interspecific matings betwe...

78 FR 64202 - Quantitative Messaging Research

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-28

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Quantitative Messaging Research AGENCY: Commodity Futures... survey will follow qualitative message testing research (for which CFTC received fast- track OMB approval... comments. Please submit your comments using only one method and identify that it is for the ``Quantitative...

Behavioral assessment of intermittent wheel running and individual housing in mice in the laboratory.

PubMed

Pham, Therese M; Brené, Stefan; Baumans, Vera

2005-01-01

Physical cage enrichment--exercise devices for rodents in the laboratory--often includes running wheels. This study compared responses of mice in enriched physical and social conditions and in standard social conditions to wheel running, individual housing, and open-field test. The study divided into 6 groups, 48 female BALB/c mice group housed in enriched and standard conditions. On alternate days, the study exposed 2 groups to individual running wheel cages. It intermittently separated from their cage mates and housed individually 2 groups with no running wheels; 2 control groups remained in enriched or standard condition cages. There were no significant differences between enriched and standard group housed mice in alternate days' wheel running. Over time, enriched, group housed mice ran less. Both groups responded similarly to individual housing. In open-field test, mice exposed to individual housing without running wheel moved more and faster than wheel running and home cage control mice. They have lower body weights than group housed and wheel running mice. Intermittent withdrawal of individual housing affects the animals more than other commodities. Wheel running normalizes some effects of intermittent separation from the enriched, social home cage.

Development, Construction, and Content Validation of a Questionnaire to Test Mobile Shower Commode Usability

PubMed Central

Theodoros, Deborah G.; Russell, Trevor G.

2015-01-01

Background: Usability is an emerging domain of outcomes measurement in assistive technology provision. Currently, no questionnaires exist to test the usability of mobile shower commodes (MSCs) used by adults with spinal cord injury (SCI). Objective: To describe the development, construction, and initial content validation of an electronic questionnaire to test mobile shower commode usability for this population. Methods: The questionnaire was constructed using a mixed-methods approach in 5 phases: determining user preferences for the questionnaire’s format, developing an item bank of usability indicators from the literature and judgement of experts, constructing a preliminary questionnaire, assessing content validity with a panel of experts, and constructing the final questionnaire. Results: The electronic Mobile Shower Commode Assessment Tool Version 1.0 (eMAST 1.0) questionnaire tests MSC features and performance during activities identified using a mixed-methods approach and in consultation with users. It confirms that usability is complex and multidimensional. The final questionnaire contains 25 questions in 3 sections. The eMAST 1.0 demonstrates excellent content validity as determined by a small sample of expert clinicians. Conclusion: The eMAST 1.0 tests usability of MSCs from the perspective of adults with SCI and may be used to solicit feedback during MSC design, assessment, prescription, and ongoing use. Further studies assessing the eMAST’s psychometric properties, including studies with users of MSCs, are needed. PMID:25762862

Commodity aspirations in Easterlin's relative income theory of fertility.

PubMed

Ahlburg, D A

1984-01-01

This paper presents the preference ordering that underlies Easterlin's relative income theory of fertility. Commodity aspirations are a key component of the theory and the paper explores how the introduction of commodity aspirations into the utility function affects the consumption of commodities and bearing of children. The formation and empirical specification of commodity aspirations are also discussed. Commodity aspirations are formed by the material environment experienced during childhood and are primarily a function of parental income. Easterlin, Leibenstein and Ben-Porath argus that it is the parental consumption or standard of living that determines the child's testes or aspirations. It is the parents' spending on themseleves rather than total parental income that can be used as a proxy for the child's commodity aspirations. Bagozzi and Van Loo identify 4 significant contributions made by Easterlinhs theory of fertility. They cite his stress on potential income flow through time as being pertinent to household decision making; tastes being an explicit determinant of fertility; background charactersticis and norms as to standards of child care and family size affecting fertility indirectly through tastes rather than directly; and the fact that relative income has an effect on fertility in addition to the influence of the absolute level of income. The number of children demanded is a negative function of commodity aspirations, as is the utility of the family. Studies of the demand for commodities and children should include data on parental resources.

17 CFR 23.609 - Clearing member risk management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... management. 23.609 Section 23.609 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION... Clearing member risk management. (a) With respect to clearing activities in futures, security futures...) Monitor for adherence to the risk-based limits intra-day and overnight; (4) Conduct stress tests under...

17 CFR 23.609 - Clearing member risk management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... management. 23.609 Section 23.609 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION... Clearing member risk management. (a) With respect to clearing activities in futures, security futures...) Monitor for adherence to the risk-based limits intra-day and overnight; (4) Conduct stress tests under...

Exchanging the liquidity hypothesis: Delay discounting of money and self-relevant non-money rewards.

PubMed

Stuppy-Sullivan, Allison M; Tormohlen, Kayla N; Yi, Richard

2016-01-01

Evidence that primary rewards (e.g., food and drugs of abuse) are discounted more than money is frequently attributed to money's high degree of liquidity, or exchangeability for many commodities. The present study provides some evidence against this liquidity hypothesis by contrasting delay discounting of monetary rewards (liquid) and non-monetary commodities (non-liquid) that are self-relevant and utility-matched. Ninety-seven (97) undergraduate students initially completed a conventional binary-choice delay discounting of money task. Participants returned one week later and completed a self-relevant commodity delay discounting task. Both conventional hypothesis testing and more-conservative tests of statistical equivalence revealed correspondence in rate of delay discounting of money and self-relevant commodities, and in one magnitude condition, less discounting for the latter. The present results indicate that liquidity of money cannot fully account for the lower rate of delay discounting compared to non-money rewards. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

COMMODITY SCALE SYNTHESIS OF 1-METHYLIMIDAZOLE BASED IONIC LIQUIDS USING A SPINNING TUBE-IN-TUBE REACTOR

EPA Science Inventory

The continuous large-scale preparation of several 1-methylimidazole based ionic liquids was carried out using a Spinning Tube-in-Tube (STT) reactor (manufactured by Kreido Laboratories). This reactor, which embodies and facilitates the use of Green Chemistry principles and Proce...

Using hyperspectral fluorescence spectra of deli commodities to select wavelengths for surveying deli food contact surfaces

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Problems with assessing the efficacy of cleaning and sanitation procedures in delicatessen departments is a recognized food safety concern. Our laboratory demonstrated that cleaning procedures in produce processing plants can be enhanced using a portable fluorescence imaging device. To explore the f...

Use of a portable fluorescence imaging device to facilitate cleaning of deli slicers

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Cross-contamination is a recognized food safety concern for deli departments, and deli slicers remain a particular concern. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that deli commodity residues can be detected using fluorescence imaging, and that the efficacy of cleaning and sanitation in produce proc...

The Radicalism of the Liberal Arts Tradition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lears, Jackson

2003-01-01

Discusses the threat to intellectual freedom in the academy from market-driven managerial influence, the impulse to subject universities to quantitative standards of efficiency and productivity, to turn knowledge into a commodity, and to transform open sites of inquiry into corporate research laboratories and job-training centers. Calls for the…

Hardware Testing and System Evaluation: Procedures to Evaluate Commodity Hardware for Production Clusters

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Goebel, J

2004-02-27

Without stable hardware any program will fail. The frustration and expense of supporting bad hardware can drain an organization, delay progress, and frustrate everyone involved. At Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), we have created a testing method that helps our group, SLAC Computer Services (SCS), weed out potentially bad hardware and purchase the best hardware at the best possible cost. Commodity hardware changes often, so new evaluations happen periodically each time we purchase systems and minor re-evaluations happen for revised systems for our clusters, about twice a year. This general framework helps SCS perform correct, efficient evaluations. This article outlinesmore » SCS's computer testing methods and our system acceptance criteria. We expanded the basic ideas to other evaluations such as storage, and we think the methods outlined in this article has helped us choose hardware that is much more stable and supportable than our previous purchases. We have found that commodity hardware ranges in quality, so systematic method and tools for hardware evaluation were necessary. This article is based on one instance of a hardware purchase, but the guidelines apply to the general problem of purchasing commodity computer systems for production computational work.« less

Development of the Orion Crew-Service Module Umbilical Retention and Release Mechanism

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Delap, Damon; Glidden, Joel; Lamoreaux, Christopher

2013-01-01

The Orion Crew-Service Module umbilical retention and release mechanism supports, protects and disconnects all of the cross-module commodities between the spacecraft's crew and service modules. These commodities include explosive transfer lines, wiring for power and data, and flexible hoses for ground purge and life support systems. Initial development testing of the mechanism's separation interface resulted in binding failures due to connector misalignments. The separation interface was redesigned with a robust linear guide system, and the connector separation and boom deployment were separated into two discretely sequenced events. Subsequent analysis and testing verified that the design changes corrected the binding. This umbilical separation design will be used on Exploration Flight Test 1 (EFT-1) as well as all future Orion flights. The design is highly modular and can easily be adapted to other vehicles/modules and alternate commodity sets.

Low-cost, ready-to-use therapeutic foods can be designed using locally available commodities with the aid of linear programming.

PubMed

Dibari, Filippo; Diop, El Hadji I; Collins, Steven; Seal, Andrew

2012-05-01

According to the United Nations (UN), 25 million children <5 y of age are currently affected by severe acute malnutrition and need to be treated using special nutritional products such as ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF). Improved formulations are in demand, but a standardized approach for RUTF design has not yet been described. A method relying on linear programming (LP) analysis was developed and piloted in the design of a RUTF prototype for the treatment of wasting in East African children and adults. The LP objective function and decision variables consisted of the lowest formulation price and the weights of the chosen commodities (soy, sorghum, maize, oil, and sugar), respectively. The LP constraints were based on current UN recommendations for the macronutrient content of therapeutic food and included palatability, texture, and maximum food ingredient weight criteria. Nonlinear constraints for nutrient ratios were converted to linear equations to allow their use in LP. The formulation was considered accurate if laboratory results confirmed an energy density difference <10% and a protein or lipid difference <5 g · 100 g(-1) compared to the LP formulation estimates. With this test prototype, the differences were 7%, and 2.3 and -1.0 g · 100 g(-1), respectively, and the formulation accuracy was considered good. LP can contribute to the design of ready-to-use foods (therapeutic, supplementary, or complementary), targeting different forms of malnutrition, while using commodities that are cheaper, regionally available, and meet local cultural preferences. However, as with all prototype feeding products for medical use, composition analysis, safety, acceptability, and clinical effectiveness trials must be conducted to validate the formulation.

Noninvasive ultrasonic examination technology in support of counter-terrorism and drug interdiction activities: the acoustic inspection device (AID)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Diaz, Aaron A.; Burghard, Brion J.; Skorpik, James R.; Shepard, Chester L.; Samuel, Todd J.; Pappas, Richard A.

2003-07-01

The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has developed a portable, battery-operated, handheld ultrasonic device that provides non-invasive container interrogation and material identification capabilities. The technique governing how the acoustic inspection device (AID) functions, involves measurements of ultrasonic pulses (0.1 to 5 MHz) that are launched into a container or material. The return echoes from these pulses are analyzed in terms of time-of-flight and frequency content to extract physical property measurements (the acoustic velocity and attenuation coefficient) of the material under test. The AID performs an automated analysis of the return echoes to identify the material, and detect contraband in the form of submerged packages and concealed compartments in liquid filled containers and solid-form commodities. An inspector can quickly interrogate outwardly innocuous commodity items such as shipping barrels, tanker trucks, and metal ingots. The AID can interrogate container sizes ranging from approximately 6 inches in diameter to over 96 inches in diameter and allows the inspector to sort liquid and material types into groups of like and unlike; a powerful method for discovering corrupted materials or miss-marked containers co-mingled in large shipments. This manuscript describes the functionality, capabilities and measurement methodology of the technology as it relates to homeland security applications.

Current and state-of-the-art approaches for detecting mycotoxins in commodities

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The tools that have been applied to detection of mycotoxins in commodities are numerous and powerful. These include everything from simple to use diagnostic test strips to complex, instrument intensive, methods such as ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). This wi...

Pilot assessment of supply chains for pharmaceuticals and medical commodities for malaria, tuberculosis and HIV infection in Ethiopia.

PubMed

Daniel, Gabriel; Tegegnework, Hailu; Demissie, Tsion; Reithinger, Richard

2012-01-01

To obtain preliminary data on the drug supply management system in Ethiopia, selected facilities were assessed for the availability of essential drugs and commodities for malaria, TB and HIV. Of the 48 surveyed hospitals and health centers, 9 (19%), 9 (19%) and 10 (21%) did not have malaria, TB or HIV drugs, respectively. Similarly, of 27 health posts, 9 (33%) and 6 (22%) did not have rapid diagnostic tests and antimalarial drugs, respectively. The findings indicated an inadequate availability of essential drugs and commodities in the surveyed facilities as well as weaknesses in human resources and training. Assessments of commodity supply chains to ensure operational program success and impact are important. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

A Multistep Synthesis Featuring Classic Carbonyl Chemistry for the Advanced Organic Chemistry Laboratory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duff, David B.; Abbe, Tyler G.; Goess, Brian C.

2012-01-01

A multistep synthesis of 5-isopropyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione is carried out from three commodity chemicals. The sequence involves an aldol condensation, Dieckmann-type annulation, ester hydrolysis, and decarboxylation. No purification is required until after the final step, at which point gravity column chromatography provides the desired product in…

[Assessment of the sensitizing potency of cosmetic ingredients and commodities. How will the ingredients of cosmetics and commodities be tested in Europe today and tomorrow?].

PubMed

Peiser, M; Platzek, T; Luch, A

2012-03-01

Cosmetics and certain commodities are applied or used by consumers directly on the skin. Creams may remain on the skin for longer periods, hair is dyed multiple times per year, nickel ions can be released from studs and piercings in areas of skin damage or migrate from toy materials into the skin of children. Accordingly, using or handling such products always entails a risk for developing a contact allergy. Moreover, daily usage and repeated contacts to certain cosmetics and commodities might lead to repeated elicitation of contact eczema in people already sensitized against allergenic ingredients. Unfortunately, contact allergy is not curable. For the assessment of the allergenic potential of chemicals, only testing based on animal experiments was available in the past. In 2003, the 7(th) amendment of the Cosmetics Directive 76/768/EWG laid down a ban on animal testing of cosmetic ingredients and from 2013 a general marketing ban of such products as well. Therefore, the development and validation of non-animal methods for assessing the toxicological endpoint sensitization/allergenic potency of chemicals is a major task for the years ahead and remains equally a challenge for industry and regulatory agencies.

Mycotoxin occurrence in commodities, feeds and feed ingredients sourced in the Middle East and Africa

PubMed Central

Rodrigues, I.; Handl, J.; Binder, E.M.

2011-01-01

Between February and October 2009, 324 grain, feed and feed commodity samples were sourced directly at animal farms or feed production sites in Middle East and Africa and tested for the presence of A- and B-trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins, aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, or for selected groups of mycotoxins only. Samples were analyzed after clean-up by immunoaffinity or solid-phase extraction followed by HPLC with derivatization where appropriate and fluorescence, UV or mass spectrometric detection. The percentage of positive samples of B-trichothecenes ranged from 0 to 87% of tested samples. The prevalence of fumonisins in the different countries was >50% in most cases. Zearalenone was present in tested commodities from all countries except three. The presence of aflatoxin in analyzed samples varied from 0 to 94%. Ochratoxin A was present in 67% of samples in Sudan and in 100% of Nigerian samples. No A-trichothecenes were found in this survey. PMID:24786003

Measuring whole-plant transpiration gravimetrically: a scalable automated system built from components

Treesearch

Damian Cirelli; Victor J. Lieffers; Melvin T. Tyree

2012-01-01

Measuring whole-plant transpiration is highly relevant considering the increasing interest in understanding and improving plant water use at the whole-plant level. We present an original software package (Amalthea) and a design to create a system for measuring transpiration using laboratory balances based on the readily available commodity hardware. The system is...

Rapid diagnostic test supply chain and consumption study in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique: estimating stock shortages and identifying drivers of stock-outs.

PubMed

Hasselback, Leah; Crawford, Jessica; Chaluco, Timoteo; Rajagopal, Sharanya; Prosser, Wendy; Watson, Noel

2014-08-02

Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are particularly useful in low-resource settings where follow-through on traditional laboratory diagnosis is challenging or lacking. The availability of these tests depends on supply chain processes within the distribution system. In Mozambique, stock-outs of malaria RDTs are fairly common at health facilities. A longitudinal cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate drivers of stock shortages in the Cabo Delgado province. Data were collected from purposively sampled health facilities, using monthly cross-sectional surveys between October 2011 and May 2012. Estimates of lost consumption (consumption not met due to stock-outs) served as the primary quantitative indicator of stock shortages. This is a better measure of the magnitude of stock-outs than binary indicators that only measure frequency of stock-outs at a given facility. Using a case study based methodology, distribution system characteristics were qualitatively analysed to examine causes of stock-outs at the provincial, district and health centre levels. 15 health facilities were surveyed over 120 time points. Stock-out patterns varied by data source; average monthly proportions of 59%, 17% and 17% of health centres reported a stock-out on stock cards, laboratory and pharmacy forms, respectively. Estimates of lost consumption percentage were significantly high; ranging from 0% to 149%; with a weighted average of 78%. Each ten-unit increase in monthly-observed consumption was associated with a nine-unit increase in lost consumption percentage indicating that higher rates of stock-outs occurred at higher levels of observed consumption. Causes of stock-outs included inaccurate tracking of lost consumption, insufficient sophistication in inventory management and replenishment, and poor process compliance by facility workers, all arguably stemming from inadequate attention to the design and implementation of the distribution system. Substantially high levels of RDT stock-outs were found in Cabo Delgado. Study findings point to a supply chain with a commendable degree of sophistication. However, insufficient attention paid to system design and implementation resulted in deteriorating performance in areas of increased need. In such settings fast moving commodities like malaria RDTs can call attention to supply chain vulnerabilities, the findings from which can be used to address other slower moving health commodities.

Rapid diagnostic test supply chain and consumption study in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique: estimating stock shortages and identifying drivers of stock-outs

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are particularly useful in low-resource settings where follow-through on traditional laboratory diagnosis is challenging or lacking. The availability of these tests depends on supply chain processes within the distribution system. In Mozambique, stock-outs of malaria RDTs are fairly common at health facilities. A longitudinal cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate drivers of stock shortages in the Cabo Delgado province. Methods Data were collected from purposively sampled health facilities, using monthly cross-sectional surveys between October 2011 and May 2012. Estimates of lost consumption (consumption not met due to stock-outs) served as the primary quantitative indicator of stock shortages. This is a better measure of the magnitude of stock-outs than binary indicators that only measure frequency of stock-outs at a given facility. Using a case study based methodology, distribution system characteristics were qualitatively analysed to examine causes of stock-outs at the provincial, district and health centre levels. Results 15 health facilities were surveyed over 120 time points. Stock-out patterns varied by data source; average monthly proportions of 59%, 17% and 17% of health centres reported a stock-out on stock cards, laboratory and pharmacy forms, respectively. Estimates of lost consumption percentage were significantly high; ranging from 0% to 149%; with a weighted average of 78%. Each ten-unit increase in monthly-observed consumption was associated with a nine-unit increase in lost consumption percentage indicating that higher rates of stock-outs occurred at higher levels of observed consumption. Causes of stock-outs included inaccurate tracking of lost consumption, insufficient sophistication in inventory management and replenishment, and poor process compliance by facility workers, all arguably stemming from inadequate attention to the design and implementation of the distribution system. Conclusions Substantially high levels of RDT stock-outs were found in Cabo Delgado. Study findings point to a supply chain with a commendable degree of sophistication. However, insufficient attention paid to system design and implementation resulted in deteriorating performance in areas of increased need. In such settings fast moving commodities like malaria RDTs can call attention to supply chain vulnerabilities, the findings from which can be used to address other slower moving health commodities. PMID:25086645

Liquid Oxygen/Liquid Methane Integrated Power and Propulsion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Banker, Brian; Ryan, Abigail

2016-01-01

The proposed paper will cover ongoing work at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center (JSC) on integrated power and propulsion for advanced human exploration. Specifically, it will present findings of the integrated design, testing, and operational challenges of a liquid oxygen / liquid methane (LOx/LCH4) propulsion brassboard and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system. Human-Mars architectures point to an oxygen-methane economy utilizing common commodities, scavenged from the planetary atmosphere and soil via In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU), and common commodities across sub-systems. Due to the enormous mass gear-ratio required for human exploration beyond low-earth orbit, (for every 1 kg of payload landed on Mars, 226 kg will be required on Earth) increasing commonality between spacecraft subsystems such as power and propulsion can result in tremendous launch mass and volume savings. Historically, propulsion and fuel cell power subsystems have had little interaction outside of the generation (fuel cell) and consumption (propulsion) of electrical power. This was largely due to a mismatch in preferred commodities (hypergolics for propulsion; oxygen & hydrogen for fuel cells). Although this stove-piped approach benefits from simplicity in the design process, it means each subsystem has its own tanks, pressurization system, fluid feed system, etc. increasing overall spacecraft mass and volume. A liquid oxygen / liquid methane commodities architecture across propulsion and power subsystems would enable the use of common tankage and associated pressurization and commodity delivery hardware for both. Furthermore, a spacecraft utilizing integrated power and propulsion could use propellant residuals - propellant which could not be expelled from the tank near depletion due to hydrodynamic considerations caused by large flow demands of a rocket engine - to generate power after all propulsive maneuvers are complete thus utilizing previously wasted mass. Such is the case for human and robotic planetary landers. Although many potential benefits through integrated power & propulsion exist, integrated operations have yet to be successfully demonstrated and many challenges have already been identified the most obvious of which is the large temperature gradient. SOFC chemistry is exothermic with operating temperatures in excess of 1,000 K; however, any shared commodities will be undoubtedly stored at cryogenic temperatures (90-112 K) for mass efficiency reasons. Spacecraft packaging will drive these two subsystems in close proximity thus heat leak into the commodity tankage must be minimized and/or mitigated. Furthermore, commodities must be gasified prior to consumption by the SOFC. Excess heat generated by the SOFC could be used to perform this phase change; however, this has yet to be demonstrated. A further identified challenge is the ability of the SOFC to handle the sudden power spikes created by the propulsion system. A power accumulator (battery) will likely be necessary to handle these sudden demands while the SOFC thermally adjusts. JSC's current SOFC test system consists of a 1 kW fuel cell designed by Delphi. The fuel cell is currently undergoing characterization testing at the NASA JSC Energy Systems Test Area (ESTA) after which a Steam Methane Reformer (SMR) will be integrated and the combined system tested in closed-loop. The propulsion brassboard is approximately the size of what could be flown on a sounding rocket. It consists of one 100 lbf thrust "main" engine developed for NASA by Aerojet and two 10 lbf thrusters to simulate a reaction control system developed at NASA JSC. This system is also under development and initial testing at ESTA. After initial testing, combined testing will occur which will provide data on the fuel cell's ability to sufficiently handle the power spikes created by the propulsion system. These two systems will also be modeled using General-Use Nodal Network Solver (GUNNS) software. Once anchored with test data, this model will be used to extrapolate onto other firing profiles and used to size the power accumulator.

Development of the Orion Crew-Service Module Umbilical Retention and Release Mechanism

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Delap, Damon C.; Glidden, Joel Micah; Lamoreaux, Christopher

2013-01-01

The Orion CSM umbilical retention and release mechanism supports and protects all of the cross-module commodities between the spacecrafts crew and service modules. These commodities include explosive transfer lines, wiring for power and data, and flexible hoses for ground purge and life support systems. The mechanism employs a single separation interface which is retained with pyrotechnically actuated separation bolts and supports roughly two dozen electrical and fluid connectors. When module separation is commanded, either for nominal on-orbit CONOPS or in the event of an abort, the mechanism must release the separation interface and sever all commodity connections within milliseconds of command receipt. There are a number of unique and novel aspects of the design solution developed by the Orion mechanisms team. The design is highly modular and can easily be adapted to other vehiclesmodules and alternate commodity sets. It will be flight tested during Orions Exploration Flight Test 1 (EFT-1) in 2014, and the Orion team anticipates reuse of the design for all future missions. The design packages fluid, electrical, and ordnance disconnects in a single separation interface. It supports abort separations even in cases where aerodynamic loading prevents the deployment of the umbilical arm. Unlike the Apollo CSM umbilical which was a destructive separation device, the Orion design is resettable and flight units can be tested for separation performance prior to flight.Initial development testing of the mechanisms separation interface resulted in binding failures due to connector misalignments. The separation interface was redesigned with a robust linear guide system, and the connector separation and boom deployment were separated into two discretely sequenced events. These changes addressed the root cause of the binding failure by providing better control of connector alignment. The new design was tuned and validated analytically via Monte Carlo simulation. The analytical validation was followed by a repeat of the initial test suite plus test cases at thermal extremes and test cases with imposed mechanical failures demonstrating fault tolerance. The mechanism was then exposed to the qualification vibration environment. Finally, separation testing was performed at full speed with live ordnance.All tests of the redesigned mechanism resulted in successful separation of the umbilical interface with adequate force margins and timing. The test data showed good agreement with the predictions of the Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation proved invaluable due to the number of variables affecting the separation and the uncertainty associated with each. The simulation allowed for rapid assessment of numerous trades and contingency scenarios, and can be easily reconfigured for varying commodity sets and connector layouts.

Multiple pathways of commodity crop expansion in tropical forest landscapes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meyfroidt, Patrick; Carlson, Kimberly M.; Fagan, Matthew E.; Gutiérrez-Vélez, Victor H.; Macedo, Marcia N.; Curran, Lisa M.; DeFries, Ruth S.; Dyer, George A.; Gibbs, Holly K.; Lambin, Eric F.; Morton, Douglas C.; Robiglio, Valentina

2014-07-01

Commodity crop expansion, for both global and domestic urban markets, follows multiple land change pathways entailing direct and indirect deforestation, and results in various social and environmental impacts. Here we compare six published case studies of rapid commodity crop expansion within forested tropical regions. Across cases, between 1.7% and 89.5% of new commodity cropland was sourced from forestlands. Four main factors controlled pathways of commodity crop expansion: (i) the availability of suitable forestland, which is determined by forest area, agroecological or accessibility constraints, and land use policies, (ii) economic and technical characteristics of agricultural systems, (iii) differences in constraints and strategies between small-scale and large-scale actors, and (iv) variable costs and benefits of forest clearing. When remaining forests were unsuitable for agriculture and/or policies restricted forest encroachment, a larger share of commodity crop expansion occurred by conversion of existing agricultural lands, and land use displacement was smaller. Expansion strategies of large-scale actors emerge from context-specific balances between the search for suitable lands; transaction costs or conflicts associated with expanding into forests or other state-owned lands versus smallholder lands; net benefits of forest clearing; and greater access to infrastructure in already-cleared lands. We propose five hypotheses to be tested in further studies: (i) land availability mediates expansion pathways and the likelihood that land use is displaced to distant, rather than to local places; (ii) use of already-cleared lands is favored when commodity crops require access to infrastructure; (iii) in proportion to total agricultural expansion, large-scale actors generate more clearing of mature forests than smallholders; (iv) property rights and land tenure security influence the actors participating in commodity crop expansion, the form of land use displacement, and livelihood outcomes; (v) intensive commodity crops may fail to spare land when inducing displacement. We conclude that understanding pathways of commodity crop expansion is essential to improve land use governance.

Trends in procurement costs for HIV commodities: a 7-year retrospective analysis of global fund data across 125 countries.

PubMed

Wafula, Francis; Agweyu, Ambrose; Macintyre, Kate

2014-04-01

Nearly 40% of Global Fund money goes toward procurement. However, no analyses have been published to show how costs vary across regions and time, despite the availability of procurement data collected through the Global Fund's price and quality reporting system. We analyzed data for the 3 most widely procured commodities for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HIV. These were male condoms, HIV rapid tests, and the antiretroviral (ARV) combination of lamivudine/nevirapine/zidovudine. The compared costs, first across time (2005-2012), then across regions, and finally, between individual procurement reported through the price and quality reporting and pooled procurement reported through the Global Fund's voluntary pooled procurement system. All costs were adjusted for inflation and reported in US dollars. There were 2337 entries from 578 grants in 125 countries. The procurement cost for the ARV dropped substantially over the period, whereas those for condoms and HIV tests remained relatively stable. None of the commodity prices increased. Regional variations were pronounced for HIV tests, but minimal for condoms and the ARV. The unit cost for the 3-table ARV combination, for instance, varied between US$0.15 and US$0.23 in South Asia and the Eastern Europe/Central Asia regions, respectively, compared with a range of $0.23 (South Asia)-$1.50 (Eastern Europe/Central Asia) for a single diagnostic test. Pooled procurement lowered costs for condoms but not the other commodities. We showed how global procurement costs vary by region and time. Such analyses should be done more often to identify and correct market insufficiencies.

Stationarity test with a direct test for heteroskedasticity in exchange rate forecasting models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khin, Aye Aye; Chau, Wong Hong; Seong, Lim Chee; Bin, Raymond Ling Leh; Teng, Kevin Low Lock

2017-05-01

Global economic has been decreasing in the recent years, manifested by the greater exchange rates volatility on international commodity market. This study attempts to analyze some prominent exchange rate forecasting models on Malaysian commodity trading: univariate ARIMA, ARCH and GARCH models in conjunction with stationarity test on residual diagnosis direct testing of heteroskedasticity. All forecasting models utilized the monthly data from 1990 to 2015. Given a total of 312 observations, the data used to forecast both short-term and long-term exchange rate. The forecasting power statistics suggested that the forecasting performance of ARIMA (1, 1, 1) model is more efficient than the ARCH (1) and GARCH (1, 1) models. For ex-post forecast, exchange rate was increased from RM 3.50 per USD in January 2015 to RM 4.47 per USD in December 2015 based on the baseline data. For short-term ex-ante forecast, the analysis results indicate a decrease in exchange rate on 2016 June (RM 4.27 per USD) as compared with 2015 December. A more appropriate forecasting method of exchange rate is vital to aid the decision-making process and planning on the sustainable commodities' production in the world economy.

Major advances in testing of dairy products: milk component and dairy product attribute testing.

PubMed

Barbano, D M; Lynch, J M

2006-04-01

Milk component analysis is relatively unusual in the field of quantitative analytical chemistry because an analytical test result determines the allocation of very large amounts of money between buyers and sellers of milk. Therefore, there is high incentive to develop and refine these methods to achieve a level of analytical performance rarely demanded of most methods or laboratory staff working in analytical chemistry. In the last 25 yr, well-defined statistical methods to characterize and validate analytical method performance combined with significant improvements in both the chemical and instrumental methods have allowed achievement of improved analytical performance for payment testing. A shift from marketing commodity dairy products to the development, manufacture, and marketing of value added dairy foods for specific market segments has created a need for instrumental and sensory approaches and quantitative data to support product development and marketing. Bringing together sensory data from quantitative descriptive analysis and analytical data from gas chromatography olfactometry for identification of odor-active compounds in complex natural dairy foods has enabled the sensory scientist and analytical chemist to work together to improve the consistency and quality of dairy food flavors.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, Lorraine M.

This report describes groundwater monitoring in 2014 for the property at Ramona, Kansas, on which a grain storage facility was formerly operated by the Commodity Credit Corporation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CCC/USDA). The monitoring was implemented on behalf of the CCC/USDA by Argonne National Laboratory and was conducted as specified in the Long-Term Groundwater Monitoring Plan (Argonne 2012) approved by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE 2012).

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, Lorraine M.

This Monitoring Report describes groundwater monitoring for the property at Ramona, Kansas, on which a grain storage facility was formerly operated by the Commodity Credit Corporation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CCC/USDA). The monitoring was implemented on behalf of the CCC/USDA by Argonne National Laboratory. Monitoring was conducted as specified in the Long-Term Groundwater Monitoring Plan (Argonne 2012) approved by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE 2012).

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, Lorraine M.

This report describes groundwater monitoring in 2015 for the property at Ramona, Kansas, on which a grain storage facility was formerly operated by the Commodity Credit Corporation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CCC/USDA). The monitoring was implemented on behalf of the CCC/USDA by Argonne National Laboratory and was conducted as specified in the Long-Term Groundwater Monitoring Plan (Argonne 2012) approved by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE 2012).

It's just as well kids don't vote: the positioning of children through public discourse around national testing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lange, Troels; Meaney, Tamsin

2014-06-01

The importance of mathematics or its alter ego `numeracy' is being cemented in the public's mind with the instigation of national, high-stakes testing in Australia. Discussions about national testing in press releases, online news articles and online public comments tacitly attribute importance to mathematics. In these discussions, children are positioned as commodities, with mathematics achievement being the value that can be added to them. Deficit language identified some children as being less valuable commodities and less likely to gain value from schooling. In the same public discourse, the value of the sort of mathematics that can be assessed in these tests appeared to be so accepted that it did not need to be mentioned. This has social justice implications.

Malaria rapid diagnostic test transport and storage conditions in Burkina Faso, Senegal, Ethiopia and the Philippines

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background As more point of care diagnostics become available, the need to transport and store perishable medical commodities to remote locations increases. As with other diagnostics, malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) must be highly reliable at point of use, but exposure to adverse environmental conditions during distribution has the potential to degrade tests and accuracy. In remote locations, poor quality diagnostics and drugs may have significant negative health impact that is not readily detectable by routine monitoring. This study assessed temperature and humidity throughout supply chains used to transport and store health commodities, such as RDTs. Methods Monitoring devices capable of recording temperature and humidity were deployed to Burkina Faso (8), Senegal (10), Ethiopia (13) and the Philippines (6) over a 13-month period. The devices travelled through government supply chains, usually alongside RDTs, to health facilities where RDTs are stored, distributed and used. The recording period spanned just over a year, in order to avoid any biases related to seasonal temperature variations. Results In the four countries, storage and transport temperatures regularly exceeded 30.0°C; maximum humidity level recorded was above 94% for the four countries. In three of the four countries, temperatures recorded at central storage facilities exceeded pharmaceutical storage standards for over 20% of the time, in another case for a majority of the time; and sometimes exceeded storage temperatures at peripheral sites. Conclusions Malaria RDTs were regularly exposed to temperatures above recommended limits for many commercially-available RDTs and other medical commodities such as drugs, but rarely exceeded the recommended storage limits for particular products in use in these countries. The results underline the need to select RDTs, and other commodities, according to expected field conditions, actively manage the environmental conditions in supply chains in tropical and sub-tropical climates. This would benefit from a re-visit of current global standards on stability of medical commodities based in tropical and sub-tropical climatic zones. PMID:23217104

Malaria rapid diagnostic test transport and storage conditions in Burkina Faso, Senegal, Ethiopia and the Philippines.

PubMed

Albertini, Audrey; Lee, Evan; Coulibaly, Sheick Oumar; Sleshi, Markos; Faye, Babacar; Mationg, Mary Lorraine; Ouedraogo, Kadi; Tsadik, Abeba G; Feleke, Sendeaw Maksha; Diallo, Ibrahima; Gaye, Oumar; Luchavez, Jennifer; Bennett, Jessica; Bell, David

2012-12-06

As more point of care diagnostics become available, the need to transport and store perishable medical commodities to remote locations increases. As with other diagnostics, malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) must be highly reliable at point of use, but exposure to adverse environmental conditions during distribution has the potential to degrade tests and accuracy. In remote locations, poor quality diagnostics and drugs may have significant negative health impact that is not readily detectable by routine monitoring. This study assessed temperature and humidity throughout supply chains used to transport and store health commodities, such as RDTs. Monitoring devices capable of recording temperature and humidity were deployed to Burkina Faso (8), Senegal (10), Ethiopia (13) and the Philippines (6) over a 13-month period. The devices travelled through government supply chains, usually alongside RDTs, to health facilities where RDTs are stored, distributed and used. The recording period spanned just over a year, in order to avoid any biases related to seasonal temperature variations. In the four countries, storage and transport temperatures regularly exceeded 30.0°C; maximum humidity level recorded was above 94% for the four countries. In three of the four countries, temperatures recorded at central storage facilities exceeded pharmaceutical storage standards for over 20% of the time, in another case for a majority of the time; and sometimes exceeded storage temperatures at peripheral sites. Malaria RDTs were regularly exposed to temperatures above recommended limits for many commercially-available RDTs and other medical commodities such as drugs, but rarely exceeded the recommended storage limits for particular products in use in these countries. The results underline the need to select RDTs, and other commodities, according to expected field conditions, actively manage the environmental conditions in supply chains in tropical and sub-tropical climates. This would benefit from a re-visit of current global standards on stability of medical commodities based in tropical and sub-tropical climatic zones.

Scaling up HIV viral load - lessons from the large-scale implementation of HIV early infant diagnosis and CD4 testing.

PubMed

Peter, Trevor; Zeh, Clement; Katz, Zachary; Elbireer, Ali; Alemayehu, Bereket; Vojnov, Lara; Costa, Alex; Doi, Naoko; Jani, Ilesh

2017-11-01

The scale-up of effective HIV viral load (VL) testing is an urgent public health priority. Implementation of testing is supported by the availability of accurate, nucleic acid based laboratory and point-of-care (POC) VL technologies and strong WHO guidance recommending routine testing to identify treatment failure. However, test implementation faces challenges related to the developing health systems in many low-resource countries. The purpose of this commentary is to review the challenges and solutions from the large-scale implementation of other diagnostic tests, namely nucleic-acid based early infant HIV diagnosis (EID) and CD4 testing, and identify key lessons to inform the scale-up of VL. Experience with EID and CD4 testing provides many key lessons to inform VL implementation and may enable more effective and rapid scale-up. The primary lessons from earlier implementation efforts are to strengthen linkage to clinical care after testing, and to improve the efficiency of testing. Opportunities to improve linkage include data systems to support the follow-up of patients through the cascade of care and test delivery, rapid sample referral networks, and POC tests. Opportunities to increase testing efficiency include improvements to procurement and supply chain practices, well connected tiered laboratory networks with rational deployment of test capacity across different levels of health services, routine resource mapping and mobilization to ensure adequate resources for testing programs, and improved operational and quality management of testing services. If applied to VL testing programs, these approaches could help improve the impact of VL on ART failure management and patient outcomes, reduce overall costs and help ensure the sustainable access to reduced pricing for test commodities, as well as improve supportive health systems such as efficient, and more rigorous quality assurance. These lessons draw from traditional laboratory practices as well as fields such as logistics, operations management and business. The lessons and innovations from large-scale EID and CD4 programs described here can be adapted to inform more effective scale-up approaches for VL. They demonstrate that an integrated approach to health system strengthening focusing on key levers for test access such as data systems, supply efficiencies and network management. They also highlight the challenges with implementation and the need for more innovative approaches and effective partnerships to achieve equitable and cost-effective test access. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of the International AIDS Society published by John Wiley & sons Ltd on behalf of the International AIDS Society.

Comparing Server Energy Use and Efficiency Using Small Sample Sizes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Coles, Henry C.; Qin, Yong; Price, Phillip N.

This report documents a demonstration that compared the energy consumption and efficiency of a limited sample size of server-type IT equipment from different manufacturers by measuring power at the server power supply power cords. The results are specific to the equipment and methods used. However, it is hoped that those responsible for IT equipment selection can used the methods described to choose models that optimize energy use efficiency. The demonstration was conducted in a data center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California. It was performed with five servers of similar mechanical and electronic specifications; three from Intel andmore » one each from Dell and Supermicro. Server IT equipment is constructed using commodity components, server manufacturer-designed assemblies, and control systems. Server compute efficiency is constrained by the commodity component specifications and integration requirements. The design freedom, outside of the commodity component constraints, provides room for the manufacturer to offer a product with competitive efficiency that meets market needs at a compelling price. A goal of the demonstration was to compare and quantify the server efficiency for three different brands. The efficiency is defined as the average compute rate (computations per unit of time) divided by the average energy consumption rate. The research team used an industry standard benchmark software package to provide a repeatable software load to obtain the compute rate and provide a variety of power consumption levels. Energy use when the servers were in an idle state (not providing computing work) were also measured. At high server compute loads, all brands, using the same key components (processors and memory), had similar results; therefore, from these results, it could not be concluded that one brand is more efficient than the other brands. The test results show that the power consumption variability caused by the key components as a group is similar to all other components as a group. However, some differences were observed. The Supermicro server used 27 percent more power at idle compared to the other brands. The Intel server had a power supply control feature called cold redundancy, and the data suggest that cold redundancy can provide energy savings at low power levels. Test and evaluation methods that might be used by others having limited resources for IT equipment evaluation are explained in the report.« less

Running SW4 On New Commodity Technology Systems (CTS-1) Platform

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rodgers, Arthur J.; Petersson, N. Anders; Pitarka, Arben

We have recently been running earthquake ground motion simulations with SW4 on the new capacity computing systems, called the Commodity Technology Systems - 1 (CTS-1) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). SW4 is a fourth order time domain finite difference code developed by LLNL and distributed by the Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics (CIG). SW4 simulates seismic wave propagation in complex three-dimensional Earth models including anelasticity and surface topography. We are modeling near-fault earthquake strong ground motions for the purposes of evaluating the response of engineered structures, such as nuclear power plants and other critical infrastructure. Engineering analysis of structures requiresmore » the inclusion of high frequencies which can cause damage, but are often difficult to include in simulations because of the need for large memory to model fine grid spacing on large domains.« less

Study of Rapid-Regression Liquefying Hybrid Rocket Fuels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zilliac, Greg; DeZilwa, Shane; Karabeyoglu, M. Arif; Cantwell, Brian J.; Castellucci, Paul

2004-01-01

A report describes experiments directed toward the development of paraffin-based hybrid rocket fuels that burn at regression rates greater than those of conventional hybrid rocket fuels like hydroxyl-terminated butadiene. The basic approach followed in this development is to use materials such that a hydrodynamically unstable liquid layer forms on the melting surface of a burning fuel body. Entrainment of droplets from the liquid/gas interface can substantially increase the rate of fuel mass transfer, leading to surface regression faster than can be achieved using conventional fuels. The higher regression rate eliminates the need for the complex multi-port grain structures of conventional solid rocket fuels, making it possible to obtain acceptable performance from single-port structures. The high-regression-rate fuels contain no toxic or otherwise hazardous components and can be shipped commercially as non-hazardous commodities. Among the experiments performed on these fuels were scale-up tests using gaseous oxygen. The data from these tests were found to agree with data from small-scale, low-pressure and low-mass-flux laboratory tests and to confirm the expectation that these fuels would burn at high regression rates, chamber pressures, and mass fluxes representative of full-scale rocket motors.

Vibration and Thermal Cycling Effects on Bulk-fill Insulation Materials for Cryogenic Tanks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fesmire, J. E.; Augustynowicz, S. D.; Nagy, Z. F.; Sojourner, S. J.; Morris, D. L.

2006-04-01

Large-scale (1,000,000 liters or more) cryogenic storage tanks are typically perlite-insulated double-walled vessels. Associated problems with perlite, such as mechanical compaction and settling, could be greatly reduced by using newer bulk-fill materials such as glass bubbles or aerogel beads. Using the newer materials should translate to lower life cycle costs and improved system reliability. NASA Kennedy Space Center is leveraging its experience in the areas of materials development, insulation testing, and cryogenic systems design to develop an insulation retrofit option that will meet both industry and NASA requirements. A custom 10-liter dewar test apparatus, developed by the KSC Cryogenics Test Laboratory, was used to determine the vibration and thermal cycling effects on different bulk-fill insulation materials for cryogenic tanks. The testing included liquid-nitrogen boiloff testing and thermal cycling (with vibration) of a number of test dewars. Test results show that glass bubbles have better thermal performance and less mechanical compaction compared to perlite powder. The higher cost of the bulk material should be offset by reduced commodity loss from boiloff and improvements in material handling, evacuation, and vacuum retention. The long-term problem with settling and compaction of perlite should also be eliminated. Aerogel beads are superior for the no-vacuum condition and can now be considered in some applications. Further studies on large-scale systems are presently being pursued.

Treatment of Oil & Gas Produced Water.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dwyer, Brian P.

Production of oil and gas reserves in the New Mexico Four Corners Region results in large volumes of "produced water". The common method for handling the produced water from well production is re-injection in regulatory permitted salt water disposal wells. This is expensive (%7E $5/bbl.) and does not recycle water, an ever increasingly valuable commodity. Previously, Sandia National Laboratories and several NM small business tested pressure driven membrane-filtration techniques to remove the high TDS (total dissolved solids) from a Four Corners Coal Bed Methane produced water. Treatment effectiveness was less than optimal due to problems with pre-treatment. Inadequate pre-treatment allowedmore » hydrocarbons, wax and biological growth to foul the membranes. Recently, an innovative pre-treatment scheme using ozone and hydrogen peroxide was pilot tested. Results showed complete removal of hydrocarbons and the majority of organic constituents from a gas well production water. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was made possible through funding from the New Mexico Small Business Administration (NMSBA) Program at Sandia National Laboratories. Special thanks to Juan Martinez and Genaro Montoya for guidance and support from project inception to completion. Also, special thanks to Frank McDonald, the small businesses team POC, for laying the ground work for the entire project; Teresa McCown, the gas well owner and very knowledgeable- fantastic site host; Lea and Tim Phillips for their tremendous knowledge and passion in the oil & gas industry.; and Frank Miller and Steve Addleman for providing a pilot scale version of their proprietary process to facilitate the pilot testing.« less

Voluntary medical male circumcision: logistics, commodities, and waste management requirements for scale-up of services.

PubMed

Edgil, Dianna; Stankard, Petra; Forsythe, Steven; Rech, Dino; Chrouser, Kristin; Adamu, Tigistu; Sakallah, Sameer; Thomas, Anne Goldzier; Albertini, Jennifer; Stanton, David; Dickson, Kim Eva; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel

2011-11-01

The global HIV prevention community is implementing voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programs across eastern and southern Africa, with a goal of reaching 80% coverage in adult males by 2015. Successful implementation will depend on the accessibility of commodities essential for VMMC programming and the appropriate allocation of resources to support the VMMC supply chain. For this, the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, in collaboration with the World Health Organization and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, has developed a standard list of commodities for VMMC programs. This list of commodities was used to inform program planning for a 1-y program to circumcise 152,000 adult men in Swaziland. During this process, additional key commodities were identified, expanding the standard list to include commodities for waste management, HIV counseling and testing, and the treatment of sexually transmitted infections. The approximate costs for the procurement of commodities, management of a supply chain, and waste disposal, were determined for the VMMC program in Swaziland using current market prices of goods and services. Previous costing studies of VMMC programs did not capture supply chain costs, nor the full range of commodities needed for VMMC program implementation or waste management. Our calculations indicate that depending upon the volume of services provided, supply chain and waste management, including commodities and associated labor, contribute between US$58.92 and US$73.57 to the cost of performing one adult male circumcision in Swaziland. Experience with the VMMC program in Swaziland indicates that supply chain and waste management add approximately US$60 per circumcision, nearly doubling the total per procedure cost estimated previously; these additional costs are used to inform the estimate of per procedure costs modeled by Njeuhmeli et al. in "Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Modeling the Impact and Cost of Expanding Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in Eastern and Southern Africa." Program planners and policy makers should consider the significant contribution of supply chain and waste management to VMMC program costs as they determine future resource needs for VMMC programs.

17 CFR 4.41 - Advertising by commodity pool operators, commodity trading advisors, and the principals thereof.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... operators, commodity trading advisors, and the principals thereof. 4.41 Section 4.41 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Advertising § 4.41 Advertising by commodity pool operators, commodity trading advisors, and the...

17 CFR 242.201 - Price test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Price test. 242.201 Section...-Regulation of Short Sales § 242.201 Price test. Link to an amendment published at 75 FR 11323, Mar. 10, 2010. (a) No short sale price test, including any short sale price test of any self-regulatory organization...

Commodity Tracker: Mobile Application for Food Security Monitoring in Haiti

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chiu, M. T.; Huang, X.; Baird, J.; Gourley, J. R.; Morelli, R.; de Lanerolle, T. R.; Haiti Food Security Monitoring Mobile App Team

2011-12-01

Megan Chiu, Jason Baird, Xu Huang, Trishan de Lanerolle, Ralph Morelli, Jonathan Gourley Trinity College, Computer Science Department and Environmental Science Program, 300 Summit Street, Hartford, CT 06106 megan.chiu@trincoll.edu, Jason.baird@trincoll.edu, xu.huang@trincoll.edu, trishan.delanerolle@trincoll.edu, ralph.morelli@trincoll.edu, jonathan.gourley@trincoll.edu Price data for Haiti commodities such as rice and potatoes have been traditionally recorded by hand on paper forms for many years. The information is then entered onto computer manually, thus making the process a long and arduous one. With the development of the Haiti Commodity Tracker mobile app, we are able to make this commodity price data recording process more efficient. Officials may use this information for making inferences about the difference in commodity prices and for food distribution during critical time after natural disasters. This information can also be utilized by governments and aid agencies on their food assistance programs. Agronomists record the item prices from several sample sites in a marketplace and compare those results from other markets across the region. Due to limited connectivity in rural areas, data is first saved to the phone's database and then retransmitted to a central server via SMS messaging. The mobile app is currently being field tested by an international NGO providing agricultural aid and support in rural Haiti.

Rodent repellents: Preparation and properties of thiouronium compounds and cyclic imides

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bellack, E.; DeWitt, J.B.

1954-01-01

Syntheses and bioassays of cyclic imides and thiouronium compounds were carried out as part of a search for materials capable of preventing rodent damage to packaged commodities. Previous studies had shown that repellent activity was associated with functional groups containing nitrogen and sulfur, and was enhanced by the presence of ionic linkages. Twenty-seven thiouronium compounds and 40 imides, including 1 0 compounds not described previously, were prepared for these tests. Ten imides and 26 thiouronium compounds were repellent under the conditions of test. Information obtained in these studies will be utilized in the development and selection of more effective materials for prevention of rodent damage to foods and other commodities.

Epidemiology of Foodborne Disease Outbreaks Caused by Clostridium perfringens, United States, 1998–2010

PubMed Central

Grass, Julian E.; Gould, L. Hannah; Mahon, Barbara E.

2015-01-01

Clostridium perfringens is estimated to be the second most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the United States, causing one million illnesses each year. Local, state, and territorial health departments voluntarily report C. perfringens outbreaks to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System. Our analysis included outbreaks confirmed by laboratory evidence during 1998–2010. A food item was implicated if C. perfringens was isolated from food or based on epidemiologic evidence. Implicated foods were classified into one of 17 standard food commodities when possible. From 1998 to 2010, 289 confirmed outbreaks of C. perfringens illness were reported with 15,208 illnesses, 83 hospitalizations, and eight deaths. The number of outbreaks reported each year ranged from 16 to 31 with no apparent trend over time. The annual number of outbreak-associated illnesses ranged from 359 to 2,173, and the median outbreak size was 24 illnesses. Outbreaks occurred year round, with the largest number in November and December. Restaurants (43%) were the most common setting of food preparation. Other settings included catering facility (19%), private home (16%), prison or jail (11%), and other (10%). Among the 144 (50%) outbreaks attributed to a single food commodity, beef was the most common commodity (66 outbreaks, 46%), followed by poultry (43 outbreaks, 30%), and pork (23 outbreaks, 16%). Meat and poultry outbreaks accounted for 92% of outbreaks with an identified single food commodity. Outbreaks caused by C. perfringens occur regularly, are often large, and can cause substantial morbidity yet are preventable if contamination of raw meat and poultry products is prevented at the farm or slaughterhouse or, after contamination, if these products are properly handled and prepared, particularly in restaurants and catering facilities. PMID:23379281

HIV/AIDS related commodities supply chain management in public health facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional survey.

PubMed

Berhanemeskel, Eyerusalem; Beedemariam, Gebremedhin; Fenta, Teferi Gedif

2016-01-01

A wide range of pharmaceutical products are needed for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of HIV/AIDS. However, interrupted supplies and stock-outs are the major challenges in the supply chain of ARV medicines and related commodities. The aim of this study was to assess the supply chain management of HIV/AIDS related commodities in public health facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A descriptive cross-sectional survey complemented by qualitative method was conducted in 24 public health facilities (4 hospitals and 20 health centers). A semi-structured questionnaire and observation check list were used to collect data on HIV/AIDS related service, reporting and ordering; receiving, transportation and storage condition of ARV medicines and test kits; and supportive supervision and logistics management information system. In addition, in-depth interview with flexible probing techniques was used to complement the quantitative data with emphasis to the storage condition of ARV medicines and test kits. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version-20. Analysis of qualitative data involved rigorous reading of transcripts in order to identify key themes and data was analyzed using thematic approach. The study revealed that 16 health centers and one hospital had recorded and reported patient medication record. Six months prior to the study, 14 health centers and 2 hospitals had stopped VCT services for one time or more. Three hospitals and 18 health centers claimed to have been able to submit the requisition and report concerning ARV medicines to Pharmaceutical Fund and Supply Agency according to the specific reporting period. More than three-fourth of the health centers had one or more emergency order of ARV medicines on the day of visit, while all of hospitals had emergency order more than 3 times within 6 months prior to the study. All of the hospitals and nearly half of the health centers had an emergency order of test kits more than 3 times in the past 6 months. Overall, nearly 3/4th of the health facilities faced stock-out of one or more ARV medicines and test kits on the day of visit. There was no adequate data on patient medication record and stock status of HIV/AIDS related commodities. Moreover there were frequent stock-outs of ARV medicines and HIV test kits, which was an indicator of the weak supply chain management. Hospitals and health centers, therefore, should devise a system to capture and make use of patient medication record and stock status information so as to ensure continuous supply of the commodities.

Decentralized Algorithms for Optimization of Single Commodity Flows

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-01

Offiachstssiue of Navallog Researche o T1 LaoayfrInformation Sytm rgadDcso yt~ NCd SifyiEDN.04-8 Coe47II. CNRLIGOFCAEADADES1. ftoftT ADPIAIO100WORAI Arlington...requirements for the degree of Master of Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, May 1980. The research was conducted at the M.I.T...this thesis topic. His interest and suggestions made the research rewarding. The research was carried out at the M.I.T. Laboratory for Information

Oligonucleotide microarray for the identification of potential mycotoxigenic fungi

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites which are produced by numerous fungi and pose a continuous challenge to the safety and quality of food commodities in South Africa. These toxins have toxicologically relevant effects on humans and animals that eat contaminated foods. In this study, a diagnostic DNA microarray was developed for the identification of the most common food-borne fungi, as well as the genes leading to toxin production. Results A total of 40 potentially mycotoxigenic fungi isolated from different food commodities, as well as the genes that are involved in the mycotoxin synthetic pathways, were analyzed. For fungal identification, oligonucleotide probes were designed by exploiting the sequence variations of the elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1 α) coding regions and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the rRNA gene cassette. For the detection of fungi able to produce mycotoxins, oligonucleotide probes directed towards genes leading to toxin production from different fungal strains were identified in data available in the public domain. The probes selected for fungal identification and the probes specific for toxin producing genes were spotted onto microarray slides. Conclusions The diagnostic microarray developed can be used to identify single pure strains or cultures of potentially mycotoxigenic fungi as well as genes leading to toxin production in both laboratory samples and maize-derived foods offering an interesting potential for microbiological laboratories. PMID:20307326

17 CFR 5.4 - Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors. 5.4 Section 5.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.4 Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors. Part 4 of...

17 CFR 5.4 - Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors. 5.4 Section 5.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.4 Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors. Part 4 of...

Evaluation of ELISA screening test for detecting aflatoxin in biogenic dust samples

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Durant, J.T.

Aflatoxin is a carcinogenic chemical that is sometimes produced when agricultural commodities are infested by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. Parasiticus. Aflatoxin has been found to be present in air samples taken around persons handling materials likely to be contaminated. The purpose of this investigation was to demonstrate the feasibility of using an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test kit that was developed to screen for aflatoxin in bulk agricultural commodities, to an air sample. Samples were taken from two environments likely to be contaminated with aflatoxin, a dairy farm feed mixing operation and a peanut bagging operation. Themore » dust collected from these environments was considered to be biogenic, in that it originated primarily from biological materials.« less

17 CFR 4.13 - Exemption from registration as a commodity pool operator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... a commodity pool operator. 4.13 Section 4.13 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.13 Exemption from registration as a commodity pool operator. This section is...

Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Logistics, Commodities, and Waste Management Requirements for Scale-Up of Services

PubMed Central

Edgil, Dianna; Stankard, Petra; Forsythe, Steven; Rech, Dino; Chrouser, Kristin; Adamu, Tigistu; Sakallah, Sameer; Thomas, Anne Goldzier; Albertini, Jennifer; Stanton, David; Dickson, Kim Eva; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel

2011-01-01

Background The global HIV prevention community is implementing voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programs across eastern and southern Africa, with a goal of reaching 80% coverage in adult males by 2015. Successful implementation will depend on the accessibility of commodities essential for VMMC programming and the appropriate allocation of resources to support the VMMC supply chain. For this, the United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, in collaboration with the World Health Organization and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, has developed a standard list of commodities for VMMC programs. Methods and Findings This list of commodities was used to inform program planning for a 1-y program to circumcise 152,000 adult men in Swaziland. During this process, additional key commodities were identified, expanding the standard list to include commodities for waste management, HIV counseling and testing, and the treatment of sexually transmitted infections. The approximate costs for the procurement of commodities, management of a supply chain, and waste disposal, were determined for the VMMC program in Swaziland using current market prices of goods and services. Previous costing studies of VMMC programs did not capture supply chain costs, nor the full range of commodities needed for VMMC program implementation or waste management. Our calculations indicate that depending upon the volume of services provided, supply chain and waste management, including commodities and associated labor, contribute between US$58.92 and US$73.57 to the cost of performing one adult male circumcision in Swaziland. Conclusions Experience with the VMMC program in Swaziland indicates that supply chain and waste management add approximately US$60 per circumcision, nearly doubling the total per procedure cost estimated previously; these additional costs are used to inform the estimate of per procedure costs modeled by Njeuhmeli et al. in “Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Modeling the Impact and Cost of Expanding Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in Eastern and Southern Africa.” Program planners and policy makers should consider the significant contribution of supply chain and waste management to VMMC program costs as they determine future resource needs for VMMC programs. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary PMID:22140363

17 CFR 32.9 - Fraud in connection with commodity option transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Fraud in connection with commodity option transactions. 32.9 Section 32.9 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 32.9 Fraud in connection with commodity...

7 CFR 91.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Agriculture. Analyses. Microbiological, chemical, or physical tests performed on a commodity. Applicant. Any person or organization requesting services provided by the Science and Technology (S&T) programs. Legal...

7 CFR 91.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Agriculture. Analyses. Microbiological, chemical, or physical tests performed on a commodity. Applicant. Any person or organization requesting services provided by the Science and Technology (S&T) programs. Legal...

7 CFR 91.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Agriculture. Analyses. Microbiological, chemical, or physical tests performed on a commodity. Applicant. Any person or organization requesting services provided by the Science and Technology (S&T) programs. Legal...

7 CFR 91.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Agriculture. Analyses. Microbiological, chemical, or physical tests performed on a commodity. Applicant. Any person or organization requesting services provided by the Science and Technology (S&T) programs. Legal...

Towards a Tool for Malaria Supply Chain Management Improvement in Rural Ghana.

PubMed

Carlo, Lorena; Bakken, Suzanne; Mamykina, Lena; Kodie, Richmond; Kanter, Andrew S

2015-01-01

The maintenance of adequate quantities of antimalarial medicines and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) at health facilities in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa is a challenging task because of poor supply chain management. Antimalarial stock-outs in the communities could lead patients (that need to travel long distances to get medications) to remain untreated, develop severe malaria and die. A prototype to improve the management of health commodities in rural Ghana through the visualization of current stock levels and the forecasting of commodities is proposed.

The Principles and the Specifics of Trading in Commodities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baran, Dušan; Herbacsková, Anita

2012-12-01

In the present period of instability on financial markets, investments in commodities are the solution for elimination of the consequences of inflation and ensure the yield. When investing in commodities, the use of specifics of commodities compared to other assets. The distribution of commodities we can interpret for agricultural commodities, commodities of energy, precious and other metals, and weather. Therefore, in the framework of the investment portfolio are the commodities. This is the reason why one of the most popular types of investment assets now become commodities. In the interpretation of particular commodities we talk about commodity futures. The reason is that the spot market with commodities is limited storage facilities. The growth of the popularity, which allows a wide range of commodities, has caused that in addition to from institutional investors and speculators for trade may involve even small investors. This development will be supplemented by interpretation of the charts and figers, which will be commented and used for generalization of knowledge. Finally, the article will be interpreted by the further development of the market for commodities as it by article assumes from the results of research.

Shrink-induced single-cell plastic microwell array.

PubMed

Lew, Valerie; Nguyen, Diep; Khine, Michelle

2011-12-01

The ability to interrogate and track single cells over time in a high-throughput format would provide critical information for fundamental biological understanding of processes and for various applications, including drug screening and toxicology. We have developed an ultrarapid and simple method to create single-cell wells of controllable diameter and depth with commodity shrink-wrap film and tape. Using a programmable CO(2) laser, we cut hole arrays into the tape. The tape then serves as a shadow mask to selectively etch wells into commodity shrink-wrap film by O(2) plasma. When the shrink-wrap film retracts upon briefly heating, high-aspect plastic microwell arrays with diameters down to 20 μm are readily achieved. We calibrated the loading procedure with fluorescent microbeads. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of the wells by loading fluorescently labeled single human embryonic stem cells into the wells. Copyright © 2011 Society for Laboratory Automation and Screening. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Stockouts of HIV commodities in public health facilities in Kinshasa: Barriers to end HIV

PubMed Central

Bossard, Claire; Verdonck, Kristien; Owiti, Philip; Casteels, Ilse; Mashako, Maria; Van Cutsem, Gilles; Ellman, Tom

2018-01-01

Stockouts of HIV commodities increase the risk of treatment interruption, antiretroviral resistance, treatment failure, morbidity and mortality. The study objective was to assess the magnitude and duration of stockouts of HIV medicines and diagnostic tests in public facilities in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. This was a cross-sectional survey involving visits to facilities and warehouses in April and May 2015. All zonal warehouses, all public facilities with more than 200 patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART) (high-burden facilities) and a purposive sample of facilities with 200 or fewer patients (low-burden facilities) in Kinshasa were selected. We focused on three adult ART formulations, cotrimoxazole tablets, and HIV diagnostic tests. Availability of items was determined by physical check, while stockout duration until the day of the survey visit was verified with stock cards. In case of ART stockouts, we asked the pharmacist in charge what the facility coping strategy was for patients needing those medicines. The study included 28 high-burden facilities and 64 low-burden facilities, together serving around 22000 ART patients. During the study period, a national shortage of the newly introduced first-line regimen Tenofovir-Lamivudine-Efavirenz resulted in stockouts of this regimen in 56% of high-burden and 43% of low-burden facilities, lasting a median of 36 (interquartile range 29–90) and 44 days (interquartile range 24–90) until the day of the survey visit, respectively. Each of the other investigated commodities were found out of stock in at least two low-burden and two high-burden facilities. In 30/41 (73%) of stockout cases, the commodity was absent at the facility but present at the upstream warehouse. In 30/57 (54%) of ART stockout cases, patients did not receive any medicines. In some cases, patients were switched to different ART formulations or regimens. Stockouts of HIV commodities were common in the visited facilities. Introduction of new ART regimens needs additional planning. PMID:29351338

Stockouts of HIV commodities in public health facilities in Kinshasa: Barriers to end HIV.

PubMed

Gils, Tinne; Bossard, Claire; Verdonck, Kristien; Owiti, Philip; Casteels, Ilse; Mashako, Maria; Van Cutsem, Gilles; Ellman, Tom

2018-01-01

Stockouts of HIV commodities increase the risk of treatment interruption, antiretroviral resistance, treatment failure, morbidity and mortality. The study objective was to assess the magnitude and duration of stockouts of HIV medicines and diagnostic tests in public facilities in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. This was a cross-sectional survey involving visits to facilities and warehouses in April and May 2015. All zonal warehouses, all public facilities with more than 200 patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART) (high-burden facilities) and a purposive sample of facilities with 200 or fewer patients (low-burden facilities) in Kinshasa were selected. We focused on three adult ART formulations, cotrimoxazole tablets, and HIV diagnostic tests. Availability of items was determined by physical check, while stockout duration until the day of the survey visit was verified with stock cards. In case of ART stockouts, we asked the pharmacist in charge what the facility coping strategy was for patients needing those medicines. The study included 28 high-burden facilities and 64 low-burden facilities, together serving around 22000 ART patients. During the study period, a national shortage of the newly introduced first-line regimen Tenofovir-Lamivudine-Efavirenz resulted in stockouts of this regimen in 56% of high-burden and 43% of low-burden facilities, lasting a median of 36 (interquartile range 29-90) and 44 days (interquartile range 24-90) until the day of the survey visit, respectively. Each of the other investigated commodities were found out of stock in at least two low-burden and two high-burden facilities. In 30/41 (73%) of stockout cases, the commodity was absent at the facility but present at the upstream warehouse. In 30/57 (54%) of ART stockout cases, patients did not receive any medicines. In some cases, patients were switched to different ART formulations or regimens. Stockouts of HIV commodities were common in the visited facilities. Introduction of new ART regimens needs additional planning.

17 CFR 32.13 - Exemption from prohibition of commodity option transactions for trade options on certain...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Exemption from prohibition of commodity option transactions for trade options on certain agricultural commodities. 32.13 Section 32.13 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 32.13 Exemption from...

Econometrics as evidence? Examining the 'causal' connections between financial speculation and commodities prices.

PubMed

Williams, James W; Cook, Nikolai M

2016-10-01

One of the lasting legacies of the financial crisis of 2008, and the legislative energies that followed from it, is the growing reliance on econometrics as part of the rulemaking process. Financial regulators are increasingly expected to rationalize proposed rules using available econometric techniques, and the courts have vacated several key rules emanating from Dodd-Frank on the grounds of alleged deficiencies in this evidentiary effort. The turn toward such econometric tools is seen as a significant constraint on and challenge to regulators as they endeavor to engage with such essential policy questions as the impact of financial speculation on food security. Yet, outside of the specialized practitioner community, very little is known about these techniques. This article examines one such econometric test, Granger causality, and its role in a pivotal Dodd-Frank rulemaking. Through an examination of the test for Granger causality and its attempts to distill the causal connections between financial speculation and commodities prices, the article argues that econometrics is a blunt but useful tool, limited in its ability to provide decisive insights into commodities markets and yet yielding useful returns for those who are able to wield it.

International development of methods of analysis for the presence of products of modern biotechnology.

PubMed

Cantrill, Richard C

2008-01-01

Methods of analysis for products of modern biotechnology are required for national and international trade in seeds, grain and food in order to meet the labeling or import/export requirements of different nations and trading blocks. Although many methods were developed by the originators of transgenic events, governments, universities, and testing laboratories, trade is less complicated if there exists a set of international consensus-derived analytical standards. In any analytical situation, multiple methods may exist for testing for the same analyte. These methods may be supported by regional preferences and regulatory requirements. However, tests need to be sensitive enough to determine low levels of these traits in commodity grain for regulatory purposes and also to indicate purity of seeds containing these traits. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and its European counterpart have worked to produce a suite of standards through open, balanced and consensus-driven processes. Presently, these standards are approaching the time for their first review. In fact, ISO 21572, the "protein standard" has already been circulated for systematic review. In order to expedite the review and revision of the nucleic acid standards an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS 21098) was drafted to set the criteria for the inclusion of precision data from collaborative studies into the annexes of these standards.

Inventory of Physical and Cultural Elements, Middle Mississippi River Floodplain (River Reach - St. Louis, Missouri, to Cairo, Illinois)

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-01-01

Environmental Effects Laboratory in July 1971 *. the floodplain. This report was written by Mr. Stoll and CPT R. D. Brown, formerly of ESB. Directors of...Middle Mississippi River for 1971 « ’ It should be noted that these tables exclude Government em- ployees, railroad employees, and self-employed...pipeline. 180. A breakdown of 1971 cargo tonnage for commodity groups car- 1+1 ried on the Middle Mississippi River is presented in Table 19. Spe

Electrostatic Precipitator

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-06-09

Dr. Carlos Calle, lead scientist in the Kennedy Space Center's Electrostatics and Surface Physics Laboratory, left, and Jay Phillips, a research physicist, are modifying an electrostatic precipitator to help remove dust from simulated Martian atmosphere. NASA's Journey to Mars requires cutting-edge technologies to solve the problems explorers will face on the Red Planet. Scientists are developing some of the needed solutions by adapting a device to remove the ever-present dust from valuable elements in the Martian atmosphere. Those commodities include oxygen, water and methane.

Electrostatic Precipitator

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-06-09

Dr. Carlos Calle, lead scientist in the Kennedy Space Center's Electrostatics and Surface Physics Laboratory, left, and Jay Phillips, a research physicist, are modifying an electrostatic precipitator to help remove dust from a simulated Martian atmosphere. NASA's Journey to Mars requires cutting-edge technologies to solve the problems explorers will face on the Red Planet. Scientists are developing some of the needed solutions by adapting a device to remove the ever-present dust from valuable elements in the Martian atmosphere. Those commodities include oxygen, water and methane.

Electrostatic Precipitator

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-06-09

Jay Phillips, a research physicist in the Kennedy Space Center's Electrostatics and Surface Physics Laboratory, left, and Dr. Carlos Calle, lead scientist in the lab, are modifying an electrostatic precipitator to help remove dust from simulated Martian atmosphere. NASA's Journey to Mars requires cutting-edge technologies to solve the problems explorers will face on the Red Planet. Scientists are developing some of the needed solutions by adapting a device to remove the ever-present dust from valuable elements in the Martian atmosphere. Those commodities include oxygen, water and methane.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, L. M.; Environmental Science Division

The 2007 investigation of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform contamination at Powhattan, Kansas, was conducted at the request of the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE 2006a). The Environmental Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory implemented the investigation on behalf of the Commodity Credit Corporation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CCC/USDA). The primary purposes of the investigation were to evaluate potential contaminant source areas on the former CCC/USDA property, determine the horizontal and vertical extent of potential contamination, conduct groundwater monitoring, and provide recommendations for future action.

Antimicrobial resistance: harmonisation of national antimicrobial resistance monitoring and surveillance programmes in animals and in animal-derived food.

PubMed

Franklin, A; Acar, J; Anthony, F; Gupta, R; Nicholls, T; Tamura, Y; Thompson, S; Threlfall, E J; Vose, D; van Vuuren, M; White, D G; Wegener, H C; Costarrica, M L

2001-12-01

A guideline on the harmonisation of national antimicrobial resistance monitoring and surveillance programmes in animals and animal-derived foods has been developed by the Ad hoc Group of experts on antimicrobial resistance of the Office International des Epizooties. The objective of the guideline is to allow the generation of comparable data from various national surveillance and monitoring systems in order to compare the situations in different regions or countries and to consolidate results at the national, regional and international level. Definitions of surveillance and monitoring are provided. National systems should be able to detect the emergence of resistance, and to determine the prevalence of resistant bacteria. The resulting data should be used in the assessment of risks to public health and should contribute to the establishment of a risk management policy. Specific factors identified for harmonisation include the animal species, food commodities, sampling plans, bacterial species, antimicrobials to be tested, laboratory methods, data reporting, database structure and the structure of reports.

17 CFR 5.4 - Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors. 5.4 Section 5.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.4...

Nonlinear bivariate dependency of price-volume relationships in agricultural commodity futures markets: A perspective from Multifractal Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Ling-Yun; Chen, Shu-Peng

2011-01-01

Nonlinear dependency between characteristic financial and commodity market quantities (variables) is crucially important, especially between trading volume and market price. Studies on nonlinear dependency between price and volume can provide practical insights into market trading characteristics, as well as the theoretical understanding of market dynamics. Actually, nonlinear dependency and its underlying dynamical mechanisms between price and volume can help researchers and technical analysts in understanding the market dynamics by integrating the market variables, instead of investigating them in the current literature. Therefore, for investigating nonlinear dependency of price-volume relationships in agricultural commodity futures markets in China and the US, we perform a new statistical test to detect cross-correlations and apply a new methodology called Multifractal Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis (MF-DCCA), which is an efficient algorithm to analyze two spatially or temporally correlated time series. We discuss theoretically the relationship between the bivariate cross-correlation exponent and the generalized Hurst exponents for time series of respective variables. We also perform an empirical study and find that there exists a power-law cross-correlation between them, and that multifractal features are significant in all the analyzed agricultural commodity futures markets.

17 CFR 33.3 - Unlawful commodity option transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Unlawful commodity option... REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.3 Unlawful commodity option... of, or maintain a position in, any commodity option transaction subject to the provisions of this...

49 CFR 1248.100 - Commodity classification designated.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Commodity classification designated. 1248.100... STATISTICS Commodity Code § 1248.100 Commodity classification designated. Commencing with reports for the..., reports of commodity statistics required to be made to the Board, shall be based on the commodity codes...

FUNGIBILITY AND CONSUMER CHOICE: EVIDENCE FROM COMMODITY PRICE SHOCKS.

PubMed

Hastings, Justine S; Shapiro, Jesse M

2013-11-01

We formulate a test of the fungibility of money based on parallel shifts in the prices of different quality grades of a commodity. We embed the test in a discrete-choice model of product quality choice and estimate the model using panel microdata on gasoline purchases. We find that when gasoline prices rise consumers substitute to lower octane gasoline, to an extent that cannot be explained by income effects. Across a wide range of specifications, we consistently reject the null hypothesis that households treat "gas money" as fungible with other income. We compare the empirical fit of three psychological models of decision-making. A simple model of category budgeting fits the data well, with models of loss aversion and salience both capturing important features of the time series.

Analysis of 100Mb/s Ethernet for the Whitney Commodity Computing Testbed

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fineberg, Samuel A.; Pedretti, Kevin T.; Kutler, Paul (Technical Monitor)

1997-01-01

We evaluate the performance of a Fast Ethernet network configured with a single large switch, a single hub, and a 4x4 2D torus topology in a testbed cluster of "commodity" Pentium Pro PCs. We also evaluated a mixed network composed of ethernet hubs and switches. An MPI collective communication benchmark, and the NAS Parallel Benchmarks version 2.2 (NPB2) show that the torus network performs best for all sizes that we were able to test (up to 16 nodes). For larger networks the ethernet switch outperforms the hub, though its performance is far less than peak. The hub/switch combination tests indicate that the NAS parallel benchmarks are relatively insensitive to hub densities of less than 7 nodes per hub.

FUNGIBILITY AND CONSUMER CHOICE: EVIDENCE FROM COMMODITY PRICE SHOCKS*

PubMed Central

Hastings, Justine S.; Shapiro, Jesse M.

2015-01-01

We formulate a test of the fungibility of money based on parallel shifts in the prices of different quality grades of a commodity. We embed the test in a discrete-choice model of product quality choice and estimate the model using panel microdata on gasoline purchases. We find that when gasoline prices rise consumers substitute to lower octane gasoline, to an extent that cannot be explained by income effects. Across a wide range of specifications, we consistently reject the null hypothesis that households treat “gas money” as fungible with other income. We compare the empirical fit of three psychological models of decision-making. A simple model of category budgeting fits the data well, with models of loss aversion and salience both capturing important features of the time series. PMID:26937053

17 CFR 33.10 - Fraud in connection with commodity option transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Fraud in connection with commodity option transactions. 33.10 Section 33.10 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.10 Fraud in...

17 CFR 32.11 - Suspension of commodity option transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Suspension of commodity option... REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 32.11 Suspension of commodity option transactions. (a... accept money, securities or property in connection with, the purchase or sale of any commodity option, or...

7 CFR 65.135 - Covered commodity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., PEANUTS, AND GINSENG General Provisions Definitions § 65.135 Covered commodity. (a) Covered commodity... nuts; (6) Pecans; and (7) Ginseng. (b) Covered commodities are excluded from this part if the commodity...

7 CFR 65.135 - Covered commodity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., PEANUTS, AND GINSENG General Provisions Definitions § 65.135 Covered commodity. (a) Covered commodity... nuts; (6) Pecans; and (7) Ginseng. (b) Covered commodities are excluded from this part if the commodity...

7 CFR 65.135 - Covered commodity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., PEANUTS, AND GINSENG General Provisions Definitions § 65.135 Covered commodity. (a) Covered commodity... nuts; (6) Pecans; and (7) Ginseng. (b) Covered commodities are excluded from this part if the commodity...

7 CFR 65.135 - Covered commodity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., PEANUTS, AND GINSENG General Provisions Definitions § 65.135 Covered commodity. (a) Covered commodity... nuts; (6) Pecans; and (7) Ginseng. (b) Covered commodities are excluded from this part if the commodity...

Current Status of Mycotoxin Contamination of Food Commodities in Zimbabwe.

PubMed

Nleya, Nancy; Adetunji, Modupeade Christianah; Mwanza, Mulunda

2018-05-03

Agricultural products, especially cereal grains, serve as staple foods in sub-Saharan Africa. However, climatic conditions in this region can lead to contamination of these commodities by moulds, with subsequent production of mycotoxins posing health risks to both humans and animals. There is limited documentation on the occurrence of mycotoxins in sub-Saharan African countries, leading to the exposure of their populations to a wide variety of mycotoxins through consumption of contaminated foods. This review aims at highlighting the current status of mycotoxin contamination of food products in Zimbabwe and recommended strategies of reducing this problem. Zimbabwe is one of the African countries with very little information with regards to mycotoxin contamination of its food commodities, both on the market and at household levels. Even though evidence of multitoxin occurrence in some food commodities such as maize and other staple foods exist, available published research focuses only on Aspergillus and Fusarium mycotoxins, namely aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON), trichothecenes, fumonisins, and zearalenone (ZEA). Occurrence of mycotoxins in the food chain has been mainly associated with poor agricultural practices. Analysis of mycotoxins has been done mainly using chromatographic and immunological methods. Zimbabwe has adopted European standards, but the legislation is quite flexible, with testing for mycotoxin contamination in food commodities being done voluntarily or upon request. Therefore, the country needs to tighten its legislation as well as adopt stricter standards that will improve the food safety and security of the masses.

17 CFR 4.6 - Exclusion for certain otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term “commodity...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term âcommodity trading advisor.â 4.6 Section 4.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.6 Exclusion for certain...

17 CFR 33.4 - Designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... market for the trading of commodity options. 33.4 Section 33.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.4 Designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. The Commission may...

17 CFR 4.6 - Exclusion for certain otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term “commodity...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term âcommodity trading advisor.â 4.6 Section 4.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.6 Exclusion for certain...

17 CFR 4.6 - Exclusion for certain otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term “commodity...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term âcommodity trading advisor.â 4.6 Section 4.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.6 Exclusion for certain...

17 CFR 33.4 - Designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... market for the trading of commodity options. 33.4 Section 33.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.4 Designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. The Commission may...

17 CFR 4.6 - Exclusion for certain otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term “commodity...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term âcommodity trading advisor.â 4.6 Section 4.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.6 Exclusion for certain...

17 CFR 4.6 - Exclusion for certain otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term “commodity...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term âcommodity trading advisor.â 4.6 Section 4.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.6 Exclusion for certain...

Egalitarian despots: hierarchy steepness, reciprocity and the grooming-trade model in wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes.

PubMed

Kaburu, Stefano S K; Newton-Fisher, Nicholas E

2015-01-01

Biological market theory models the action of natural selection as a marketplace in which animals are viewed as traders with commodities to offer and exchange. Studies of female Old World monkeys have suggested that grooming might be employed as a commodity to be reciprocated or traded for alternative services, yet previous tests of this grooming-trade model in wild adult male chimpanzees have yielded mixed results. Here we provide the strongest test of the model to date for male chimpanzees: we use data drawn from two social groups (communities) of chimpanzees from different populations and give explicit consideration to variation in dominance hierarchy steepness, as such variation results in differing conditions for biological markets. First, analysis of data from published accounts of other chimpanzee communities, together with our own data, showed that hierarchy steepness varied considerably within and across communities and that the number of adult males in a community aged 20-30 years predicted hierarchy steepness. The two communities in which we tested predictions of the grooming-trade model lay at opposite extremes of this distribution. Second, in accord with the grooming-trade model, we found evidence that male chimpanzees trade grooming for agonistic support where hierarchies are steep (despotic) and consequent effective support is a rank-related commodity, but not where hierarchies are shallow (egalitarian). However, we also found that grooming was reciprocated regardless of hierarchy steepness. Our findings also hint at the possibility of agonistic competition, or at least exclusion, in relation to grooming opportunities compromising the free market envisioned by biological market theory. Our results build on previous findings across chimpanzee communities to emphasize the importance of reciprocal grooming exchanges among adult male chimpanzees, which can be understood in a biological markets framework if grooming by or with particular individuals is a valuable commodity.

Egalitarian despots: hierarchy steepness, reciprocity and the grooming-trade model in wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes

PubMed Central

Kaburu, Stefano S. K.; Newton-Fisher, Nicholas E.

2014-01-01

Biological market theory models the action of natural selection as a marketplace in which animals are viewed as traders with commodities to offer and exchange. Studies of female Old World monkeys have suggested that grooming might be employed as a commodity to be reciprocated or traded for alternative services, yet previous tests of this grooming-trade model in wild adult male chimpanzees have yielded mixed results. Here we provide the strongest test of the model to date for male chimpanzees: we use data drawn from two social groups (communities) of chimpanzees from different populations and give explicit consideration to variation in dominance hierarchy steepness, as such variation results in differing conditions for biological markets. First, analysis of data from published accounts of other chimpanzee communities, together with our own data, showed that hierarchy steepness varied considerably within and across communities and that the number of adult males in a community aged 20–30 years predicted hierarchy steepness. The two communities in which we tested predictions of the grooming-trade model lay at opposite extremes of this distribution. Second, in accord with the grooming-trade model, we found evidence that male chimpanzees trade grooming for agonistic support where hierarchies are steep (despotic) and consequent effective support is a rank-related commodity, but not where hierarchies are shallow (egalitarian). However, we also found that grooming was reciprocated regardless of hierarchy steepness. Our findings also hint at the possibility of agonistic competition, or at least exclusion, in relation to grooming opportunities compromising the free market envisioned by biological market theory. Our results build on previous findings across chimpanzee communities to emphasize the importance of reciprocal grooming exchanges among adult male chimpanzees, which can be understood in a biological markets framework if grooming by or with particular individuals is a valuable commodity. PMID:25580017

Simple techniques for improving deep neural network outcomes on commodity hardware

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Colina, Nicholas Christopher A.; Perez, Carlos E.; Paraan, Francis N. C.

2017-08-01

We benchmark improvements in the performance of deep neural networks (DNN) on the MNIST data test upon imple-menting two simple modifications to the algorithm that have little overhead computational cost. First is GPU parallelization on a commodity graphics card, and second is initializing the DNN with random orthogonal weight matrices prior to optimization. Eigenspectra analysis of the weight matrices reveal that the initially orthogonal matrices remain nearly orthogonal after training. The probability distributions from which these orthogonal matrices are drawn are also shown to significantly affect the performance of these deep neural networks.

17 CFR 33.5 - Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.5 Section 33.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.5 Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. (a...

17 CFR 37.4 - Election to trade excluded and exempt commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Election to trade excluded and exempt commodities. 37.4 Section 37.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES TRANSACTION EXECUTION FACILITIES § 37.4 Election to trade excluded and exempt commodities. A board of trade that is or elects...

17 CFR 33.5 - Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.5 Section 33.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS THAT ARE OPTIONS... contract market for the trading of commodity options. (a) Any board of trade desiring to be designated as a...

17 CFR 33.5 - Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.5 Section 33.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.5 Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. (a...

17 CFR 33.6 - Suspension or revocation of designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.6 Section 33.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS THAT... designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. The Commission may, after notice and...

17 CFR 33.4 - Designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... market for the trading of commodity options. 33.4 Section 33.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS THAT ARE OPTIONS ON CONTRACTS OF SALE OF A COMMODITY FOR FUTURE DELIVERY § 33.4 Designation as a contract market for the trading...

17 CFR 33.5 - Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.5 Section 33.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.5 Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. (a...

7 CFR 28.603 - Procedures for air flow tests of micronaire reading.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Procedures for air flow tests of micronaire reading. 28.603 Section 28.603 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMMODITY STANDARDS AND STANDARD CONTAINER REGULATIONS COTTON...

7 CFR 28.603 - Procedures for air flow tests of micronaire reading.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Procedures for air flow tests of micronaire reading. 28.603 Section 28.603 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMMODITY STANDARDS AND STANDARD CONTAINER REGULATIONS COTTON...

7 CFR 28.603 - Procedures for air flow tests of micronaire reading.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Procedures for air flow tests of micronaire reading. 28.603 Section 28.603 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMMODITY STANDARDS AND STANDARD CONTAINER REGULATIONS COTTON...

7 CFR 28.603 - Procedures for air flow tests of micronaire reading.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Procedures for air flow tests of micronaire reading. 28.603 Section 28.603 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMMODITY STANDARDS AND STANDARD CONTAINER REGULATIONS COTTON...

Biosensors for Mycotoxin Analysis: Recent Developments and Future Prospects

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The toxicity and prevalence of mycotoxins in commodities and foods has necessitated the development of rapid methods in order to ensure the protection of human food and animal feed supplies. Testing for mycotoxins can be accomplished by many techniques that range from determinative tests in which t...

17 CFR 210.4-08 - General notes to financial statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., options, and other financial instruments with similar characteristics. (ii) Derivative commodity... futures, commodity forwards, commodity swaps, commodity options, and other commodity instruments with... policies for certain derivative instruments. Disclosures regarding accounting policies shall include...

Distribution and Availability of Essential Tuberculosis Diagnostic Items in Amhara Region, Ethiopia.

PubMed

Sinishaw, Mulusew Alemneh; Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe; Shiferaw, Melashu Balew

2015-01-01

Adequate supplies of tuberculosis laboratory reagents and consumables are necessary for tuberculosis diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response. This study assessed the distribution and stock levels of laboratory commodities used in tuberculosis control in health centers of Amhara region, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 82 health centers, among 801, providing sputum microscopy services. Stock levels were calculated, and distribution of reagents and consumables assessed. Thirty three (40.2%) health centers were under stocked for at least one of the key items for tuberculosis diagnosis at the time of visit. Fifteen (18.3%) health centers had no stocks of at least one of the key items (methylene blue (11%), carbol fuchsin (11%), acid alcohol (8.5%) and sputum cups (3.7%)). Of the 82 health centers, 77 (93.9%) did not fulfill the criteria for effective distribution of tuberculosis laboratory reagents and consumables. There were many health centers that had no or only low stocks of key tuberculosis laboratory reagents and consumables as a result of ineffective distribution system. It is necessary to strengthen supply chain management to ensure uninterrupted TB diagnostic service.

Distribution and Availability of Essential Tuberculosis Diagnostic Items in Amhara Region, Ethiopia

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Adequate supplies of tuberculosis laboratory reagents and consumables are necessary for tuberculosis diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response. This study assessed the distribution and stock levels of laboratory commodities used in tuberculosis control in health centers of Amhara region, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 82 health centers, among 801, providing sputum microscopy services. Stock levels were calculated, and distribution of reagents and consumables assessed. Thirty three (40.2%) health centers were under stocked for at least one of the key items for tuberculosis diagnosis at the time of visit. Fifteen (18.3%) health centers had no stocks of at least one of the key items (methylene blue (11%), carbol fuchsin (11%), acid alcohol (8.5%) and sputum cups (3.7%)). Of the 82 health centers, 77 (93.9%) did not fulfill the criteria for effective distribution of tuberculosis laboratory reagents and consumables. There were many health centers that had no or only low stocks of key tuberculosis laboratory reagents and consumables as a result of ineffective distribution system. It is necessary to strengthen supply chain management to ensure uninterrupted TB diagnostic service. PMID:26641097

Multiresidue method for N-methyl carbamates and metabolite pesticide residues at the parts-per-billion level in selected representative commodities of fruit and vegetable crop groups.

PubMed

Podhorniak, Lynda V; Schenck, Frank J; Krynitsky, Alexander; Griffith, Francis

2004-01-01

A reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method with both fluorescence and mass spectrometric detection is presented for the determination of 13 parent N-methyl carbamate pesticides and their metabolites, as well as piperonyl butoxide, for a total of 24 compounds in selected fruits and vegetables. The commodities chosen were of special concern to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) because they had the least amount of monitoring data for dietary exposure estimates used in risk assessment. The method is based on a judicious selection of procedures from U.S. Food and Drug Administration sources such as the Pesticide Analytical Manual (Volume I), and Laboratory Information Bulletins, plus additional material from the chemical literature combined in a manner to recover the N-methyl carbamates and their metabolites at the 1 microg/kg or 1 part-per-billion level. The method uses an acetone extraction, followed by an aminopropyl solid-phase extraction cleanup. Determination of residues is by RP-LC, in which the liquid chromatograph is interfaced with either a fluorescence or a mass spectrometric detector. The method is designed so that a set of 6 samples can be prepared in 1 working day for overnight instrumental analysis. Recovery data are presented from analyses of selected commodities in some of EPA's fruit and vegetable crop groupings. A table listing relative retention times is presented for the N-methyl carbamates and their metabolites.

A pilot study of loss aversion for drug and non-drug commodities in cocaine users.

PubMed

Strickland, Justin C; Beckmann, Joshua S; Rush, Craig R; Stoops, William W

2017-11-01

Numerous studies in behavioral economics have demonstrated that individuals are more sensitive to the prospect of a loss than a gain (i.e., loss aversion). Although loss aversion has been well described in "healthy" populations, little research exists in individuals with substance use disorders. This gap is notable considering the prominent role that choice and decision-making play in drug use. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate loss aversion in active cocaine users. Current cocaine users (N=38; 42% female) participated in this within-subjects laboratory pilot study. Subjects completed a battery of tasks designed to assess loss aversion for drug and non-drug commodities under varying risk conditions. Standardized loss aversion coefficients (λ) were compared to theoretically and empirically relevant normative values (i.e., λ=2). Compared to normative loss aversion coefficient values, a precise and consistent decrease in loss aversion was observed in cocaine users (sample λ≈1). These values were observed across drug and non-drug commodities as well as under certain and risky conditions. These data represent the first systematic study of loss aversion in cocaine-using populations and provide evidence for equal sensitivity to losses and gains or loss equivalence. Futures studies should evaluate the specificity of these effects to a history of cocaine use as well as the impact of manipulations of loss aversion on drug use to determine how this phenomenon may contribute to intervention development efforts. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

[Research progress on standards of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica and discussion on several key problems].

PubMed

Yang, Guang; Zeng, Yan; Guo, Lan-Ping; Huang, Lu-Qi; Jin, Yan; Zheng, Yu-Guang; Wang, Yong-Yan

2014-05-01

Standards of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica is an important way to solve the "Lemons Problem" of traditional Chinese medicine market. Standards of commodity classes are also helpful to rebuild market mechanisms for "high price for good quality". The previous edition of commodity classes standards of Chinese materia medica was made 30 years ago. It is no longer adapted to the market demand. This article researched progress on standards of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica. It considered that biological activity is a better choice than chemical constituents for standards of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica. It is also considered that the key point to set standards of commodity classes is finding the influencing factors between "good quality" and "bad quality". The article also discussed the range of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica, and how to coordinate standards of pharmacopoeia and commodity classes. According to different demands, diversiform standards can be used in commodity classes of Chinese materia medica, but efficacy is considered the most important index of commodity standard. Decoction pieces can be included in standards of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica. The authors also formulated the standards of commodity classes of Notoginseng Radix as an example, and hope this study can make a positive and promotion effect on traditional Chinese medicine market related research.

17 CFR 32.5 - Disclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... effect of any foreign currency fluctuations with respect to commodity option transactions which are to be... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Disclosure. 32.5 Section 32.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION...

17 CFR 31.6 - Registration of leverage commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... commodities. 31.6 Section 31.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION... applied to the National Futures Association for registration as a leverage transaction merchant; (2... the spot, forward, and futures markets for the generic commodity; (3) Specify a commercial or retail...

7 CFR 250.57 - Commodity schools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Commodity schools. 250.57 Section 250.57 Agriculture... TERRITORIES AND POSSESSIONS AND AREAS UNDER ITS JURISDICTION National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and Other Child Nutrition Programs § 250.57 Commodity schools. (a) Categorization of commodity schools. Commodity...

7 CFR 250.57 - Commodity schools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Commodity schools. 250.57 Section 250.57 Agriculture... TERRITORIES AND POSSESSIONS AND AREAS UNDER ITS JURISDICTION National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and Other Child Nutrition Programs § 250.57 Commodity schools. (a) Categorization of commodity schools. Commodity...

Commodity-Free Calibration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2008-01-01

Commodity-free calibration is a reaction rate calibration technique that does not require the addition of any commodities. This technique is a specific form of the reaction rate technique, where all of the necessary reactants, other than the sample being analyzed, are either inherent in the analyzing system or specifically added or provided to the system for a reason other than calibration. After introduction, the component of interest is exposed to other reactants or flow paths already present in the system. The instrument detector records one of the following to determine the rate of reaction: the increase in the response of the reaction product, a decrease in the signal of the analyte response, or a decrease in the signal from the inherent reactant. With this data, the initial concentration of the analyte is calculated. This type of system can analyze and calibrate simultaneously, reduce the risk of false positives and exposure to toxic vapors, and improve accuracy. Moreover, having an excess of the reactant already present in the system eliminates the need to add commodities, which further reduces cost, logistic problems, and potential contamination. Also, the calculations involved can be simplified by comparison to those of the reaction rate technique. We conducted tests with hypergols as an initial investigation into the feasiblility of the technique.

17 CFR 14.4 - Violation of Commodity Exchange Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Violation of Commodity Exchange Act. 14.4 Section 14.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION... Exchange Act. The Commission may deny, temporarily or permanently, the privilege of appearing or practicing...

17 CFR 3.10 - Registration of futures commission merchants, retail foreign exchange dealers, introducing...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., commodity pool operators and leverage transaction merchants. 3.10 Section 3.10 Commodity and Securities..., commodity pool operators and leverage transaction merchants. (a) Application for registration. (1)(i) Except... merchant, retail foreign exchange dealers, introducing broker, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool...

Air pollution control system research: An iterative approach to developing affordable systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Watt, Lewis C.; Cannon, Fred S.; Heinsohn, Robert J.; Spaeder, Timothy A.

1995-01-01

This paper describes a Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded project led jointly by the Marine Corps Multi-Commodity Maintenance Centers, and the Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory (AEERL) of the USEPA. The research focuses on paint booth exhaust minimization using recirculation, and on volatile organic compound (VOC) oxidation by the modules of a hybrid air pollution control system. The research team is applying bench, pilot and full scale systems to accomplish the goals of reduced cost and improved effectiveness of air treatment systems for paint booth exhaust.

15 CFR 740.9 - Temporary imports, exports, and reexports (TMP).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... the end of the beta test period as defined by the software producer or, if the software producer does... States; and exports and reexports of beta test software. (a) Temporary exports and reexports—(1) Scope. You may export and reexport commodities and software for temporary use abroad (including use in...

15 CFR 740.9 - Temporary imports, exports, and reexports (TMP).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... the end of the beta test period as defined by the software producer or, if the software producer does... States; and exports and reexports of beta test software. (a) Temporary exports and reexports—(1) Scope. You may export and reexport commodities and software for temporary use abroad (including use in...

29 CFR 780.114 - Wild commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Agricultural Or Horticultural Commodities § 780.114 Wild commodities. Employees engaged in the gathering or harvesting of wild commodities such as mosses, wild rice, burls and laurel plants, the trapping of wild... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Wild commodities. 780.114 Section 780.114 Labor Regulations...

29 CFR 780.114 - Wild commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Agricultural Or Horticultural Commodities § 780.114 Wild commodities. Employees engaged in the gathering or harvesting of wild commodities such as mosses, wild rice, burls and laurel plants, the trapping of wild... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Wild commodities. 780.114 Section 780.114 Labor Regulations...

29 CFR 780.114 - Wild commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Agricultural Or Horticultural Commodities § 780.114 Wild commodities. Employees engaged in the gathering or harvesting of wild commodities such as mosses, wild rice, burls and laurel plants, the trapping of wild... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Wild commodities. 780.114 Section 780.114 Labor Regulations...

29 CFR 780.114 - Wild commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Agricultural Or Horticultural Commodities § 780.114 Wild commodities. Employees engaged in the gathering or harvesting of wild commodities such as mosses, wild rice, burls and laurel plants, the trapping of wild... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Wild commodities. 780.114 Section 780.114 Labor Regulations...

29 CFR 780.114 - Wild commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Agricultural Or Horticultural Commodities § 780.114 Wild commodities. Employees engaged in the gathering or harvesting of wild commodities such as mosses, wild rice, burls and laurel plants, the trapping of wild... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Wild commodities. 780.114 Section 780.114 Labor Regulations...

17 CFR 37.3 - Requirements for underlying commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 5a(b)(3) of the Act, may trade any contract of sale of a commodity for future delivery (or option on... that are a security futures product, and the registered derivatives transaction execution facility is a... commodities. 37.3 Section 37.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION...

17 CFR 4.32 - Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution Facility for Non-Institutional Customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Trading on a Registered... Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Trading Advisors § 4.32 Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution...

17 CFR 32.3 - Unlawful commodity option transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Unlawful commodity option... REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 32.3 Unlawful commodity option transactions. (a) On and after... extend credit in lieu thereof) from an option customer as payment of the purchase price in connection...

17 CFR 37.4 - Election to trade excluded and exempt commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Election to trade excluded and exempt commodities. 37.4 Section 37.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES TRANSACTION EXECUTION FACILITIES § 37.4 Election to trade excluded and exempt...

17 CFR 4.32 - Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution Facility for Non-Institutional Customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Trading on a Registered... Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Trading Advisors § 4.32 Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution...

49 CFR 1248.100 - Commodity classification designated.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... STATISTICS Commodity Code § 1248.100 Commodity classification designated. Commencing with reports for the..., reports of commodity statistics required to be made to the Board, shall be based on the commodity codes... Statistics, 1963, issued by the Bureau of the Budget, and on additional codes 411 through 462 shown in § 1248...

Multiple commodities in statistical microeconomics: Model and market

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baaquie, Belal E.; Yu, Miao; Du, Xin

2016-11-01

A statistical generalization of microeconomics has been made in Baaquie (2013). In Baaquie et al. (2015), the market behavior of single commodities was analyzed and it was shown that market data provides strong support for the statistical microeconomic description of commodity prices. The case of multiple commodities is studied and a parsimonious generalization of the single commodity model is made for the multiple commodities case. Market data shows that the generalization can accurately model the simultaneous correlation functions of up to four commodities. To accurately model five or more commodities, further terms have to be included in the model. This study shows that the statistical microeconomics approach is a comprehensive and complete formulation of microeconomics, and which is independent to the mainstream formulation of microeconomics.

The Influence Of Highway Transportation Infrastructure Condition Toward Commodity Production Generation for The Resilience Needs at Regional Internal Zone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akbardin, Juang; Parikesit, Danang; Riyanto, Bambang; Mulyono, Agus Taufik

2018-02-01

The poultry commodity consumption and requirement is one of the main commodities that must be fulfilled in a region to maintain the availability of meat from poultry. Poultry commodity production is one of the production sectors that have a clean environment resistance. An increasing of poultry commodity generation production requires a smooth distribution to arrive at the processing. The livestock location as a commodity production is placed at a considerable far distance from residential and market locations. Zones that have poultry commodity production have an excess potential to supply other zones that are lacking in production to the consumption of these commodities. The condition of highway transportation infrastructure that is very diverse with the damage level availability in a zone has an influence in the supply and demand of poultry commodity requirement in the regional internal of Central Java province. In order to know the effect of highway transportation infrastructure condition toward the poultry commodity movement, demography factor and availability of freight vehicles will be reviewed to estimate the amount of poultry commodity movement generation production. Thus the poultry commodity consumption requirement that located in the internal - regional zone of central java province can be adequated from the zone. So it can be minimized the negative impacts that affect the environment at the zone in terms of comparison of the movement attraction and generation production at poultry commodity in Central Java.

Commodes: inconvenient conveniences.

PubMed

Naylor, J R; Mulley, G P

1993-11-13

To investigate use of commodes and attitudes of users and carers to them. Interview with semi-structured questionnaire of subjects supplied with commodes from Leeds community appliance centre. 140 users of a commode and 105 of their carers. Main reasons for being supplied with a commode were impaired mobility (130 subjects), difficulty in climbing stairs (128), and urinary incontinence (127). Main concerns of users and carers were lack of privacy (120 subjects felt embarrassed about using their commode, and 96 would not use it if someone was present); unpleasant smells (especially for 20 subjects who were confined to one room); physical appearance of commode chair (101 users said it had an unfavourable appearance, and 44 had tried to disguise it); and lack of follow up after commode was supplied (only 15 users and carers knew who to contact if there were problems). Users generally either had very positive or very negative attitudes to their commodes but most carers viewed them very negatively, especially with regard to cleaning them. Health professionals should be aware of people's need for privacy when advising them where to keep their commode. A standard commode is inappropriate for people confined to one room, and alternatives such as a chemical toilet should be considered. Regular follow up is needed to identify any problems such as uncomfortable or unsafe chairs. More thought should be given to the appearance of commodes in their design.

75 FR 67794 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Order Granting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-03

... commodities or commodity futures, options on commodities, or other commodity derivatives or Commodity-Based... options or other derivatives on any of the foregoing; or (b) interest rate futures or options or... derivatives on any of the foregoing; or (b) interest rate futures or options or derivatives on the foregoing...

17 CFR 15.00 - Definitions of terms used in parts 15 to 21 of this chapter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... commodity, means the actual commodity as distinguished from a futures or options contract in such commodity... for future delivery or commodity option transactions, or for effecting settlements of contracts for future delivery or commodity option transactions, for and between members of any designated contract...

75 FR 71762 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-24

... commodities or commodity futures, options on commodities, or other commodity derivatives or Commodity-Based...) interest rate futures or options or derivatives on the foregoing in this subparagraph (b) (``Futures... options or other derivatives on any of the foregoing; or (b) interest rate futures or options or...

17 CFR 4.14 - Exemption from registration as a commodity trading advisor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions... commodity pool operator and the person's commodity trading advice is directed solely to, and for the sole use of, the pool or pools for which it is so registered; (5) It is exempt from registration as a...

17 CFR Appendix B to Part 43 - Enumerated Physical Commodity Contracts and Other Contracts

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Enumerated Physical Commodity... TRADING COMMISSION REAL-TIME PUBLIC REPORTING Pt. 43, App. B Appendix B to Part 43—Enumerated Physical Commodity Contracts and Other Contracts Enumerated Physical Commodity Contracts Agriculture ICE Futures U.S...

17 CFR 32.13 - Exemption from prohibition of commodity option transactions for trade options on certain...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Exemption from prohibition of... Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION... are met at the time of the solicitation or acceptance: (1) That person is registered with the...

17 CFR 4.32 - Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution Facility for Non-Institutional Customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution Facility for Non-Institutional Customers. 4.32 Section 4.32 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING...

Kinetic market models with single commodity having price fluctuations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chatterjee, A.; Chakrabarti, B. K.

2006-12-01

We study here numerically the behavior of an ideal gas like model of markets having only one non-consumable commodity. We investigate the behavior of the steady-state distributions of money, commodity and total wealth, as the dynamics of trading or exchange of money and commodity proceeds, with local (in time) fluctuations in the price of the commodity. These distributions are studied in markets with agents having uniform and random saving factors. The self-organizing features in money distribution are similar to the cases without any commodity (or with consumable commodities), while the commodity distribution shows an exponential decay. The wealth distribution shows interesting behavior: gamma like distribution for uniform saving propensity and has the same power-law tail, as that of the money distribution, for a market with agents having random saving propensity.

A Crosswalk of Mineral Commodity End Uses and North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes

USGS Publications Warehouse

Barry, James J.; Matos, Grecia R.; Menzie, W. David

2015-09-14

The links between the end uses of mineral commodities and the NAICS codes provide an instrument for analyzing the use of mineral commodities in the economy. The crosswalk is also a guide, highlighting those industrial sectors in the economy that rely heavily on mineral commodities. The distribution of mineral commodities across the economy is dynamic and does differ from year to year. This report reflects a snapshot of the state of the economy and mineral commodities in 2010.

Computerized commodity management system in Thailand and Brazil.

PubMed

1984-01-01

Thailand's National Family Planning Program is testing a computerized contraceptive commodity reporting management in 4 provinces with 104 National Family Planning Program (NFPP) reporting entities. Staff in the Brazilian Association of Family Planning Entities (ABEPF) and CPAIMC, a major family planning service agency, have been trained in the use of a computerized commodity distribution management system and are ready to initiate test use. The systems were designed in response to specific commodity management needs of the concerned organizations. Neither distribution program functions as a contraceptive social marketing (CSM) program, but each system reviewed has aspects that are relevant to CSM commodity management needs. Both the Thai and Brazilian systems were designed to be as automatic and user friendly as possible. Both have 3 main databases and perform similar management and reporting functions. Differing program configurations and basic data forms reflect the specific purposes of each system. Databases for the logistics monitoring system in Thailand arethe reporting entity (or ID) file; the current month's data file; and the master balance file. The data source is the basic reporting form that also serves as a Request and Issue Voucher for commodities. Editing functions in the program check to see that the current "beginning balance" equals the previous month's ending balance. Indexing functions in the system allow direct access to the records of any reporting entity via the ID number, as well as the sequential processing of records by ID number. 6 reports can be generated: status report by issuing entity; status report by dispensing entity; aggregate status report; out of compliance products report; out of compliance outlets report; and suggested shipment to regional warehouse report. Databases for the distribution management system in Brazil are: the name-ID (client institution) file; the product file; and the data file. The data source is an order form that contains a client code similar to the code used in Thailand. An interrogative data entry program enhances the management function of the system. 8 reports can be individually issued: a status report on back orders by product; a status report on back orders by institution and product; a historical report of year to date shipments and value by product; a historical report of year to date shipments by client and product; year to date payment reports from each client; outstanding invoices by month for the previous 12 months; a product report showing the amount of each product or order with outstanding invoices; and a stock position report.

17 CFR 1.19 - Prohibited trading in certain “puts” and “calls”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Prohibited trading in certain âputsâ and âcallsâ. 1.19 Section 1.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Prohibited Trading in Commodity Options § 1...

17 CFR 33.6 - Suspension or revocation of designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.6 Section 33.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.6 Suspension or revocation of designation as a contract market for the trading...

17 CFR 1.19 - Prohibited trading in certain “puts” and “calls”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Prohibited trading in certain âputsâ and âcallsâ. 1.19 Section 1.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Prohibited Trading in Commodity Options § 1...

17 CFR 33.6 - Suspension or revocation of designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.6 Section 33.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.6 Suspension or revocation of designation as a contract market for the trading...

17 CFR 1.19 - Prohibited trading in certain “puts” and “calls”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Prohibited trading in certain âputsâ and âcallsâ. 1.19 Section 1.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Prohibited Trading in Commodity Options § 1...

17 CFR 1.19 - Prohibited trading in certain “puts” and “calls”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Prohibited trading in certain âputsâ and âcallsâ. 1.19 Section 1.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Prohibited Trading in Commodity Options § 1...

17 CFR 1.19 - Prohibited trading in certain “puts” and “calls”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Prohibited trading in certain âputsâ and âcallsâ. 1.19 Section 1.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Prohibited Trading in Commodity Options § 1...

7 CFR 1421.5 - Eligible commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...)(1) To be an eligible commodity, the commodity must be merchantable for food, feed, or other uses... poisonous to humans or animals. A commodity containing vomitoxin, aflatoxin, or Aspergillus mold may not be...

7 CFR 1421.5 - Eligible commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...)(1) To be an eligible commodity, the commodity must be merchantable for food, feed, or other uses... poisonous to humans or animals. A commodity containing vomitoxin, aflatoxin, or Aspergillus mold may not be...

Commonly Consumed Food Commodities

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Commonly consumed foods are those ingested for their nutrient properties. Food commodities can be either raw agricultural commodities or processed commodities, provided that they are the forms that are sold or distributed for human consumption. Learn more.

76 FR 28641 - Commodity Pool Operators: Relief From Compliance With Certain Disclosure, Reporting and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-18

... are subject to certain operational and advertising requirements under Part 4, to all other provisions... 4 Advertising, Brokers, Commodity futures, Commodity pool operators, Commodity trading advisors...

Commodes: inconvenient conveniences.

PubMed Central

Naylor, J R; Mulley, G P

1993-01-01

OBJECTIVES--To investigate use of commodes and attitudes of users and carers to them. DESIGN--Interview with semi-structured questionnaire of subjects supplied with commodes from Leeds community appliance centre. SUBJECTS--140 users of a commode and 105 of their carers. RESULTS--Main reasons for being supplied with a commode were impaired mobility (130 subjects), difficulty in climbing stairs (128), and urinary incontinence (127). Main concerns of users and carers were lack of privacy (120 subjects felt embarrassed about using their commode, and 96 would not use it if someone was present); unpleasant smells (especially for 20 subjects who were confined to one room); physical appearance of commode chair (101 users said it had an unfavourable appearance, and 44 had tried to disguise it); and lack of follow up after commode was supplied (only 15 users and carers knew who to contact if there were problems). Users generally either had very positive or very negative attitudes to their commodes but most carers viewed them very negatively, especially with regard to cleaning them. CONCLUSIONS--Health professionals should be aware of people's need for privacy when advising them where to keep their commode. A standard commode is inappropriate for people confined to one room, and alternatives such as a chemical toilet should be considered. Regular follow up is needed to identify any problems such as uncomfortable or unsafe chairs. More thought should be given to the appearance of commodes in their design. Images FIG 1 FIG 2 PMID:8281060

Simultaneous analysis of Alternaria toxins and citrinin in tomato: an optimised method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

PubMed Central

Tölgyesi, Ádám; Stroka, Joerg; Tamosiunas, Vytautas; Zwickel, Theresa

2015-01-01

Alternaria toxins and citrinin are mycotoxins produced by fungi growing on different raw materials and agricultural commodities. Maximum levels of these toxins in foods are currently under consideration by the European Commission as a risk management measure. In this study, a new quantitative method is described for the determination of five Alternaria toxins and citrinin in tomato and tomato juice samples based on LC-MS/MS detection. Samples were extracted with pure methanol, followed by a derivatisation step with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to improve the determination of tenuazonic acid and to decrease the wide polarity difference between the compounds of interest. Samples were purified on hydrophilic-modified styrene polymer solid-phase extraction cartridges. High-performance liquid chromatographic columns packed with different core–shell materials were tested for the separation of toxins and a C-18 phase was in the final method applied to achieve sufficient separation of all relevant analytes. A key element of this approach was to prove successful transferability of the method to three different triple quadrupole mass spectrometers. A full single laboratory method validation was performed on two LC-MS/MS systems and performance characteristics met the predefined requirements. Moreover, the method was used in an international proficiency test and the satisfactory z-scores obtained (−0.1 to 0.8 in tomato juice samples) demonstrated the reliability of the approach described. The method will be validated in an inter-laboratory collaborative study and if the criteria for method precision are met, the method will be proposed as a new Work Item to the European Committee for Standardisation. PMID:26212568

75 FR 27338 - NASDAQ OMX Commodities Clearing-Contract Merchant LLC; NASDAQ OMX Commodities Clearing-Delivery...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-14

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket Nos. ER10-912-000; ER10-913-000; ER10-914-000] NASDAQ OMX Commodities Clearing--Contract Merchant LLC; NASDAQ OMX Commodities Clearing--Delivery LLC; NASDAQ OMX Commodities Clearing--Finance LLC; Notice of Filing May 6, 2010. Take notice that, on May 3, 2010, NASDAQ OMX Commoditie...

17 CFR Appendix C to Part 4 - Form CTA-PR

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Form CTA-PR C Appendix C to Part 4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Pt. 4, App. C Appendix C to Part 4—Form CTA-PR ER24FE12.052 ER24FE12...

17 CFR 41.43 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... options with persons other than brokers, dealers, futures commission merchants, floor brokers, or floor... securities, commodity futures, or commodity options with persons other than brokers, dealers, persons....43 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SECURITY FUTURES PRODUCTS...

75 FR 54794 - Commodity Pool Operators: Relief From Compliance With Certain Disclosure, Reporting and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-09

... are subject to certain operational \\7\\ and advertising requirements \\8\\ under Part 4, to all other... in 17 CFR Part 4 Advertising, Brokers, Commodity futures, Commodity pool operators, Commodity trading...

78 FR 41384 - Agricultural Advisory Committee Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-10

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agricultural Advisory Committee Meeting AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice of Meeting. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission's... Lachenmayr, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Three Lafayette Centre, 1155 21st Street NW., Washington...

Economic modeling of the rational consumption of addictive substances.

PubMed

Ferguson, Brian S

2006-01-01

This article gives an overview of the way economists model the decision to consume addictive commodities and reviews some of the relevant literature testing aspects of the model. It aims to answer the question of how it is that economists can speak of the consumption of addictive harmful commodities as a rational decision. Health economics treats the consumption of commodities that have beneficial (or harmful) effects on health, and therefore on utility or well-being, as intertemporal decisions with regard to investment decisions. In investment in health, the payoff to an action comes appreciably later than the action itself. The decision to consume harmful, and even addictive, commodities fits into the investment in health framework, with the benefit comes now, in the form of the pleasure derived from consuming them, and the costs, in terms of damage to the individual's health, comes later. The value that a person places on the future vs. the present is called time preference or subjective rate of time discounting, which represents the weight he places on the future relative to the present when he makes decisions that have future consequences. The more they discount the future, the more myopic they are and the more likely to undertake risky behaviors, including smoking or using drugs such as amphetamines or heroin, as well as dropping out of school or taking on high risk jobs.

Manufacturing process design for multi commodities in agriculture

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prasetyawan, Yudha; Santosa, Andrian Henry

2017-06-01

High-potential commodities within particular agricultural sectors should be accompanied by maximum benefit value that can be attained by both local farmers and business players. In several cases, the business players are small-medium enterprises (SMEs) which have limited resources to perform added value process of the local commodities into the potential products. The weaknesses of SMEs such as the manual production process with low productivity, limited capacity to maintain prices, and unattractive packaging due to conventional production. Agricultural commodity is commonly created into several products such as flour, chips, crackers, oil, juice, and other products. This research was initiated by collecting data by interview method particularly to obtain the perspectives of SMEs as the business players. Subsequently, the information was processed based on the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) to determine House of Quality from the first to fourth level. A proposed design as the result of QFD was produced and evaluated with Technology Assessment Model (TAM) and continued with a revised design. Finally, the revised design was analyzed with financial perspective to obtain the cost structure of investment, operational, maintenance, and workers. The machine that performs manufacturing process, as the result of revised design, was prototyped and tested to determined initial production process. The designed manufacturing process offers IDR 337,897, 651 of Net Present Value (NPV) in comparison with the existing process value of IDR 9,491,522 based on similar production input.

17 CFR 242.401 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... of whose business consists of transactions in securities, commodity futures, or commodity options... securities, commodity futures, or commodity options with persons other than brokers, dealers, persons... M, SHO, ATS, AC, AND NMS AND CUSTOMER MARGIN REQUIREMENTS FOR SECURITY FUTURES Customer Margin...

40 CFR 180.108 - Acephate; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... phosphoramidothioate, in or on the commodity. Commodity 1 Parts per million Bean, dry, seed 3.0 Bean, succulent 3.0... phosphoramidothioate, in or on the commodity. Commodity Parts per million Bean, dry, seed 1 Bean, succulent 1 Brussels...

40 CFR 180.108 - Acephate; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... phosphoramidothioate, in or on the commodity. Commodity 1 Parts per million Bean, dry, seed 3.0 Bean, succulent 3.0... phosphoramidothioate, in or on the commodity. Commodity Parts per million Bean, dry, seed 1 Bean, succulent 1 Brussels...

40 CFR 180.108 - Acephate; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... phosphoramidothioate, in or on the commodity. Commodity 1 Parts per million Bean, dry, seed 3.0 Bean, succulent 3.0... phosphoramidothioate, in or on the commodity. Commodity Parts per million Bean, dry, seed 1 Bean, succulent 1 Brussels...

40 CFR 180.108 - Acephate; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... phosphoramidothioate, in or on the commodity. Commodity 1 Parts per million Bean, dry, seed 3.0 Bean, succulent 3.0... phosphoramidothioate, in or on the commodity. Commodity Parts per million Bean, dry, seed 1 Bean, succulent 1 Brussels...

17 CFR 162.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... control with a covered affiliate. (b) Clear and conspicuous. The term “clear and conspicuous” means... exchange dealer, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap..., commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap participant or swap...

17 CFR 162.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... corporate control with a covered affiliate. (b) Clear and conspicuous. The term “clear and conspicuous... exchange dealer, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap..., commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap participant or swap...

17 CFR 162.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... control with a covered affiliate. (b) Clear and conspicuous. The term “clear and conspicuous” means... exchange dealer, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap..., commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap participant or swap...

17 CFR Appendix C to Part 1 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false [Reserved] C Appendix C to Part 1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Appendix C to Part 1 [Reserved] ...

Test Operations Procedure (TOP) 4-2-013 Commodity Engineering Test Procedures, Recoilless Rifle Ammunition

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-09-22

test officer). At a minimum, the CIL will be conducted at the operator level (often referred to as “field strip and clean”). More detailed...is checked before each shot is fired. Use a boresight (optical or laser ) as necessary to check alignment to the target aiming point if the barrel is...for this test should be representative of production. All components must be present, including projectile paint and markings, fuzes, any tool

AgRISTARS: Foreign commodity production forecasting. Minutes of the annual formal project manager's review, including preliminary technical review reports of FY80 experiments. [wheat/barley and corn/soybean experiments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

The U.S./Canada wheat/barley exploratory experiment is discussed with emphasis on labeling, machine processing using P1A, and the crop calendar. Classification and the simulated aggregation test used in the U.S. corn/soybean exploratory experiment are also considered. Topics covered regarding the foreign commodity production forecasting project include: (1) the acquisition, handling, and processing of both U.S. and foreign agricultural data, as well as meteorological data. The accuracy assessment methodology, multicrop sampling and aggregation technology development, frame development, the yield project interface, and classification for area estimation are also examined.

17 CFR 1.1 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false [Reserved] 1.1 Section 1.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Definitions § 1.1 [Reserved] [66 FR 42269, Aug. 10, 2001] ...

75 FR 77576 - General Regulations and Derivatives Clearing Organizations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-13

... Derivatives Clearing Organizations AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice of proposed... clearing transactions in commodities for future delivery or commodity option transactions, or for effecting settlements of contracts for future delivery or commodity option transactions, for and between members of any...

40 CFR 414.60 - Applicability; description of the commodity organic chemicals subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... commodity organic chemicals subcategory. 414.60 Section 414.60 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ORGANIC CHEMICALS, PLASTICS, AND SYNTHETIC FIBERS Commodity Organic Chemicals § 414.60 Applicability; description of the commodity organic chemicals...

40 CFR 414.60 - Applicability; description of the commodity organic chemicals subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... commodity organic chemicals subcategory. 414.60 Section 414.60 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ORGANIC CHEMICALS, PLASTICS, AND SYNTHETIC FIBERS Commodity Organic Chemicals § 414.60 Applicability; description of the commodity organic chemicals...

40 CFR 414.60 - Applicability; description of the commodity organic chemicals subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... commodity organic chemicals subcategory. 414.60 Section 414.60 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ORGANIC CHEMICALS, PLASTICS, AND SYNTHETIC FIBERS Commodity Organic Chemicals § 414.60 Applicability; description of the commodity organic chemicals...

40 CFR 414.60 - Applicability; description of the commodity organic chemicals subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... commodity organic chemicals subcategory. 414.60 Section 414.60 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ORGANIC CHEMICALS, PLASTICS, AND SYNTHETIC FIBERS Commodity Organic Chemicals § 414.60 Applicability; description of the commodity organic chemicals...

40 CFR 414.60 - Applicability; description of the commodity organic chemicals subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... commodity organic chemicals subcategory. 414.60 Section 414.60 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ORGANIC CHEMICALS, PLASTICS, AND SYNTHETIC FIBERS Commodity Organic Chemicals § 414.60 Applicability; description of the commodity organic chemicals...

40 CFR 180.473 - Glufosinate ammonium; tolerances for residues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoic acid, in or on the commodity. Commodity Parts per... measuring only the sum of glufosinate ammonium, 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoic acid... stoichiometric equivalent of 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoic acid, in or on the commodity. Commodity...

26 CFR 4.954-0 - Introduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... corporation beginning after December 31, 1986. Consequently, any gain or loss (including foreign currency gain.... [Reserved] (f) Commodities transactions. (1) In general. (2) Definitions. (i) Commodity. (ii) Commodities transaction. (3) Definition of the term “qualified active sales”. (i) In general. (ii) Sale of commodities...

26 CFR 4.954-0 - Introduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... corporation beginning after December 31, 1986. Consequently, any gain or loss (including foreign currency gain.... [Reserved] (f) Commodities transactions. (1) In general. (2) Definitions. (i) Commodity. (ii) Commodities transaction. (3) Definition of the term “qualified active sales”. (i) In general. (ii) Sale of commodities...

7 CFR 17.1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Secretary of Agriculture SALES OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES MADE AVAILABLE UNDER TITLE I OF THE AGRICULTURAL... commodities by the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), through private trade channels to the maximum extent..., as amended (hereinafter called “the Act”). (b) Agricultural commodities agreements. (1) Under the Act...

32 CFR 275.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... dealer in securities or commodities. (9) An investment banker or investment company. (10) A currency... matters. (26) Any futures commission merchant, commodity trading advisor, or commodity pool operator registered, or required to register, under the Commodity Exchange Act that is located inside any State or...

7 CFR 17.1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Secretary of Agriculture SALES OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES MADE AVAILABLE UNDER TITLE I OF THE AGRICULTURAL... commodities by the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), through private trade channels to the maximum extent..., as amended (hereinafter called “the Act”). (b) Agricultural commodities agreements. (1) Under the Act...

77 FR 27444 - Joint CFTC-SEC Advisory Committee on Emerging Regulatory Issues

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-10

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION [Release Nos. 34-66932... and Exchange Commission (``SEC'') and Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC'') (each, an.... Commodity Futures Trading Commission Written comments may be mailed to the Commodity Futures Trading...

17 CFR 1.1 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false [Reserved] 1.1 Section 1.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Definitions § 1.1 [Reserved] [66 FR 42269, Aug. 10, 2001] ...

17 CFR 1.1 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false [Reserved] 1.1 Section 1.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Definitions § 1.1 [Reserved] [66 FR 42269, Aug. 10, 2001] ...

17 CFR 1.1 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false [Reserved] 1.1 Section 1.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Definitions § 1.1 [Reserved] [66 FR 42269, Aug. 10, 2001] ...

A world of minerals in your mobile device

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jenness, Jane E.; Ober, Joyce A.; Wilkins, Aleeza M.; Gambogi, Joseph

2016-09-15

Mobile phones and other high-technology communications devices could not exist without mineral commodities. More than one-half of all components in a mobile device—including its electronics, display, battery, speakers, and more—are made from mined and semiprocessed materials (mineral commodities). Some mineral commodities can be recovered as byproducts during the production and processing of other commodities. As an example, bauxite is mined for its aluminum content, but gallium is recovered during the aluminum production process. The images show the ore minerals (sources) of some mineral commodities that are used to make components of a mobile device. On the reverse side, the map and table depict the major source countries producing these mineral commodities along with how these commodities are used in mobile devices. For more information on minerals, visit http://minerals.usgs.gov.

40 CFR 180.31 - Temporary tolerances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... seeking an experimental permit for a pesticide chemical under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and... period designed to allow the orderly marketing of the raw agricultural commodities produced while testing a pesticide chemical under an experimental permit issued under authority of the Federal Insecticide...

40 CFR 180.31 - Temporary tolerances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... seeking an experimental permit for a pesticide chemical under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and... period designed to allow the orderly marketing of the raw agricultural commodities produced while testing a pesticide chemical under an experimental permit issued under authority of the Federal Insecticide...

40 CFR 180.31 - Temporary tolerances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... seeking an experimental permit for a pesticide chemical under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and... period designed to allow the orderly marketing of the raw agricultural commodities produced while testing a pesticide chemical under an experimental permit issued under authority of the Federal Insecticide...

40 CFR 180.31 - Temporary tolerances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... seeking an experimental permit for a pesticide chemical under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and... period designed to allow the orderly marketing of the raw agricultural commodities produced while testing a pesticide chemical under an experimental permit issued under authority of the Federal Insecticide...

40 CFR 180.31 - Temporary tolerances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... seeking an experimental permit for a pesticide chemical under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and... period designed to allow the orderly marketing of the raw agricultural commodities produced while testing a pesticide chemical under an experimental permit issued under authority of the Federal Insecticide...

7 CFR 28.961 - False and misleading information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

....961 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMMODITY STANDARDS AND STANDARD CONTAINER... Tests § 28.961 False and misleading information. The publication or communication by any person of false...

7 CFR 28.961 - False and misleading information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

....961 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMMODITY STANDARDS AND STANDARD CONTAINER... Tests § 28.961 False and misleading information. The publication or communication by any person of false...

7 CFR 28.959 - Limitation of testing services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMMODITY STANDARDS AND STANDARD CONTAINER... be submitted by individuals during any one fiscal year or any one calendar month, and may direct that...

Preliminary Metallogenic Map of North America; a listing of deposits by commodity

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lee, Michael P.; Guild, Philip White; Schruben, Paul G.

1987-01-01

The 4,215 ore deposits shown on the Preliminary Metallogenic Map of North America and contained in the Metallogenic Map file have been sorted by their principal (first-listed) commodities and grouped into metallic and nonmetallic categories. Deposit listings for 56 individual metals and minerals have been assembled using the data base and are arranged alphabetically by country, political subdivision (for the larger countries), and deposit name. Map numbers, major and minor constituents, geographic coordinates, and a geologic code are given for each deposit; additionally, the relative size and deposit class have been derived from the code and are listed separately. The frequencies of individual commodities and commodity groups by type, geographic distribution, and geologic occurrence are summarized in tables, and the relationships of associated commodities to principal commodities in the data base are emphasized in both tables and brief texts. In all, 49 metals and minerals are listed as principal (first or only) commodities and 7 more are shown as 'major' but not principal commodities. (Commodities listed as 'minor' in the data base were not sorted or tabulated separately.) Metals, divided into six subgroups, predominate over nonmetallic minerals by a ratio of about 7 to 1, although in terms of quantities and value the disparity is not so great. Within the metals group, the ranking according to frequency is as follows: base, precious, iron and alloying, other (antimony, beryllium, and others), nuclear-fuel, and light metals. The most frequently occurring commodity in the Metallogenic Map file is gold. Copper is ranked second, both in number of occurrences and as the principal commodity in deposits. Silver is ranked third in frequency of occurrence; lead and zinc are ranked fourth and fifth, respectively. Iron, ranked sixth in frequency of occurrence as a major commodity, is the third most reported principal commodity in the data base, ahead of silver (ranked fourth), lead (ranked fifth), and zinc (ranked sixth).

7 CFR 1427.22 - Commodity certificate exchanges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Commodity certificate exchanges. 1427.22 Section 1427... Deficiency Payments § 1427.22 Commodity certificate exchanges. (a) For any outstanding marketing assistance loan provided for upland cotton, a producer may purchase a commodity certificate and exchange that...

44 CFR 206.151 - Food commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Food commodities. 206.151... Food commodities. (a) The Administrator will assure that adequate stocks of food will be ready and... section, the Administrator may direct the Secretary of Agriculture to purchase food commodities in...

44 CFR 206.151 - Food commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Food commodities. 206.151... Food commodities. (a) The Administrator will assure that adequate stocks of food will be ready and... section, the Administrator may direct the Secretary of Agriculture to purchase food commodities in...

44 CFR 206.151 - Food commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Food commodities. 206.151... Food commodities. (a) The Administrator will assure that adequate stocks of food will be ready and... section, the Administrator may direct the Secretary of Agriculture to purchase food commodities in...

44 CFR 206.151 - Food commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2012-10-01 2011-10-01 true Food commodities. 206.151... Food commodities. (a) The Administrator will assure that adequate stocks of food will be ready and... section, the Administrator may direct the Secretary of Agriculture to purchase food commodities in...

Commodity-based Approach for Evaluating the Value of Freight Moving on Texas’ Roadway Network

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-12-10

The researchers took a commodity-based approach to evaluate the value of a list of selected commodities moved on the Texas freight network. This approach takes advantage of commodity-specific data sources and modeling processes. It provides a unique ...

22 CFR 228.51 - Commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Commodities. 228.51 Section 228.51 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RULES ON SOURCE, ORIGIN AND NATIONALITY FOR COMMODITIES AND... agricultural commodities, motor vehicles, or pharmaceuticals (see § 228.13, “Special source rules requiring...

17 CFR 190.10 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... STATEMENT IS FURNISHED TO YOU BECAUSE RULE 190.10 (c) OF THE COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REQUIRES... any combination of the following: futures commission merchant, commodity option dealer, foreign... “from or for the commodity futures account” or “from or for the commodity options account” of such...

17 CFR 32.6 - Segregation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Segregation. 32.6 Section 32.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 32.6 Segregation. (a) Any person which accepts money, securities, or property from an option...

17 CFR 32.6 - Segregation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Segregation. 32.6 Section 32.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 32.6 Segregation. (a) Any person which accepts money, securities, or property from an option...

7 CFR 1421.110 - Commodity certificate exchanges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... COMMODITIES-MARKETING ASSISTANCE LOANS AND LOAN DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS FOR 2008 THROUGH 2012 Marketing Assistance Loans § 1421.110 Commodity certificate exchanges. (a) For any outstanding marketing assistance loan for... commodity certificate for the marketing assistance loan collateral. (b) The exchange rate is the lesser of...

7 CFR 1488.8 - Documents required after delivery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES Financing of Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC... delivery. (a) CCC will purchase an exporter's account receivable only if the Treasurer, Commodity Credit... or Assistant Treasurer, CCC, after date of delivery of commodities exported or to be exported under...

7 CFR 1488.8 - Documents required after delivery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES Financing of Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC... delivery. (a) CCC will purchase an exporter's account receivable only if the Treasurer, Commodity Credit... or Assistant Treasurer, CCC, after date of delivery of commodities exported or to be exported under...

The natural radioactivity in some Nigerian foodstuffs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Olomo, James B.

1990-12-01

The average activity concentrations of seven locally produced food commodities that form the total diets of a baby, a teenager or an adult male in Nigeria were measured by means of a well-calibrated high-resolution lithium-drifted germanium (Ge(Li)) spectrometer system. The food commodities were collected at several centers such as a nuclear research center as well as metropolitan and industrial areas. The emission lines identified with reliable regularity belonged to the 238U and 232Th decay series. The other isotope is a non-related naturally occurring radionuclide, 40K. Average total specific-activity values of 7.29 ± 1.08, 6.27 ± 1.01 and 11.23 ± 1.64 Bq/kg for 238U, 232Th and 40K, respectively, were obtained for the seven food commodities studied. The food samples were also checked for fission-product residues ( 137Cs and 90Sr) from atmospheric weapons tests which are slowly being purged from the food chain. Their estimation revealed that they were below the minimum detectable limit determined at a two-standard deviation analytical error.

Maximizing profit on New England organic dairy farms: an economic comparison of 4 total mixed rations for organic Holsteins and Jerseys.

PubMed

Marston, S P; Clark, G W; Anderson, G W; Kersbergen, R J; Lunak, M; Marcinkowski, D P; Murphy, M R; Schwab, C G; Erickson, P S

2011-06-01

The objective of these experiments was to compare 4 total mixed rations fed to USDA-certified organic dairy cows in New England. Forty-eight Jersey cows from the University of New Hampshire (UNH) and 64 Holstein cows from the University of Maine (UMaine) were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments testing the main effects of corn silage versus grass silage as the forage base and commodity concentrates versus a complete pelleted concentrate mixture. Treatment diets were fed as a total mixed ration for 8 wk during the winter and spring months of 2007, 2008, and 2009. Milk yield, component, and quality data were recorded and used to calculate the value of the milk produced for each cow. The dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded and used to calculate the average cost per cow per day of each diet. Income over feed costs were calculated for each diet using milk value and feed cost data. Feed cost and income over feed cost data were resampled using bootstrap methodology to examine potential patterns. Milk yield, milk fat and true protein concentrations, and SCC were similar among treatments. Cows at UNH fed corn silage tended to have higher DMI and lower milk urea nitrogen than did cows fed grass silage, whereas cows fed pellets had higher DMI than cows fed commodities. Cows at UNH fed commodities tended to have higher body condition scores than those fed pellets. Cows at UMaine fed commodities tended to have higher DMI than did cows fed pellets, and cows fed corn silage had lower milk urea nitrogen than did cows fed grass silage. Body weights and body condition scores were not different for cows at UMaine. Feed costs were significantly higher for corn silage diets and diets at UNH containing pellets, but not at UMaine. The calculated value of the milk and income over feed costs did not differ among treatments at either university. Bootstrap replications indicated that the corn silage with commodities diet generally had the highest feed cost at both UNH and UMaine, whereas grass silage diets containing commodities generally had the lowest cost. In contrast, the grass silage with commodities diets had the highest income over feed cost in the majority of the replications at both UNH and UMaine replications, whereas the corn silage with commodities diets had the lowest rank. Similar results were observed when forage prices were increased or decreased by 5, 10, and 25% above or below the actual feed price. Feeding a grass silage-based diet supplemented with commodity concentrates may have an economic advantage for dairy producers in New England operating under an organic system of production. Copyright © 2011 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

22 CFR 228.52 - Suppliers of commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Suppliers of commodities. 228.52 Section 228.52 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RULES ON SOURCE, ORIGIN AND NATIONALITY FOR COMMODITIES AND SERVICES FINANCED BY USAID Waivers § 228.52 Suppliers of commodities. Geographic code changes...

7 CFR 17.2 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Office of the Secretary of Agriculture SALES OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES MADE AVAILABLE UNDER TITLE I OF... in the second legal entity. CCC. The Commodity Credit Corporation, USDA. Commodity. An agricultural commodity produced in the United States, or product thereof produced in the United States, as specified in...

17 CFR 1.32 - Segregated account; daily computation and record.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Segregated account; daily computation and record. 1.32 Section 1.32 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Recordkeeping § 1.32 Segregated account...

31 CFR 560.533 - Brokering sales of agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... commodities, medicine, and medical devices. 560.533 Section 560.533 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... Brokering sales of agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical devices. (a) General license for... agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical devices, provided that the sale and exportation or...

31 CFR 560.533 - Brokering sales of agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... commodities, medicine, and medical devices. 560.533 Section 560.533 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... Brokering sales of agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical devices. (a) General license for... agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical devices, provided that the sale and exportation or...

Capital dissipation minimization for a class of complex irreversible resource exchange processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xia, Shaojun; Chen, Lingen

2017-05-01

A model of a class of irreversible resource exchange processes (REPes) between a firm and a producer with commodity flow leakage from the producer to a competitive market is established in this paper. The REPes are assumed to obey the linear commodity transfer law (LCTL). Optimal price paths for capital dissipation minimization (CDM) (it can measure economic process irreversibility) are obtained. The averaged optimal control theory is used. The optimal REP strategy is also compared with other strategies, such as constant-firm-price operation and constant-commodity-flow operation, and effects of the amount of commodity transferred and the commodity flow leakage on the optimal REP strategy are also analyzed. The commodity prices of both the producer and the firm for the CDM of the REPes with commodity flow leakage change with the time exponentially.

17 CFR 2.2 - Authority to affix seal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Authority to affix seal. 2.2 Section 2.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFFICIAL SEAL § 2.2 Authority to affix seal. (a) The following officials of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission are...

17 CFR 2.2 - Authority to affix seal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Authority to affix seal. 2.2 Section 2.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFFICIAL SEAL § 2.2 Authority to affix seal. (a) The following officials of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission are...

29 CFR 780.112 - General meaning of “agriculture or horticultural commodities.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... EXEMPTIONS APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURE, PROCESSING OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AND RELATED SUBJECTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT General Scope of Agriculture Agricultural Or Horticultural Commodities § 780.112 General meaning of “agriculture or horticultural commodities.” Section 3(f) of the Act defines as...

29 CFR 780.112 - General meaning of “agriculture or horticultural commodities.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... EXEMPTIONS APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURE, PROCESSING OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AND RELATED SUBJECTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT General Scope of Agriculture Agricultural Or Horticultural Commodities § 780.112 General meaning of “agriculture or horticultural commodities.” Section 3(f) of the Act defines as...

29 CFR 780.112 - General meaning of “agriculture or horticultural commodities.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... EXEMPTIONS APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURE, PROCESSING OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AND RELATED SUBJECTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT General Scope of Agriculture Agricultural Or Horticultural Commodities § 780.112 General meaning of “agriculture or horticultural commodities.” Section 3(f) of the Act defines as...

29 CFR 780.112 - General meaning of “agriculture or horticultural commodities.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... EXEMPTIONS APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURE, PROCESSING OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AND RELATED SUBJECTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT General Scope of Agriculture Agricultural Or Horticultural Commodities § 780.112 General meaning of “agriculture or horticultural commodities.” Section 3(f) of the Act defines as...

29 CFR 780.112 - General meaning of “agriculture or horticultural commodities.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... EXEMPTIONS APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURE, PROCESSING OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AND RELATED SUBJECTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT General Scope of Agriculture Agricultural Or Horticultural Commodities § 780.112 General meaning of “agriculture or horticultural commodities.” Section 3(f) of the Act defines as...

22 CFR 228.11 - Source and origin of commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Source and origin of commodities. 228.11 Section 228.11 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RULES ON SOURCE, ORIGIN AND... Commodity Procurement Transactions for USAID Financing § 228.11 Source and origin of commodities. (a) The...

17 CFR 1.49 - Denomination of customer funds and location of depositories.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Denomination of customer funds and location of depositories. 1.49 Section 1.49 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Miscellaneous § 1.49 Denomination...

17 CFR Appendix B to Part 190 - Special Bankruptcy Distributions

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Special Bankruptcy Distributions B Appendix B to Part 190 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION... purposes of this distributional rule, XM accounts will be deemed to be commodity interest accounts and...

31 CFR 560.533 - Brokering sales of agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... commodities, medicine, and medical devices. 560.533 Section 560.533 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... Policy § 560.533 Brokering sales of agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical devices. (a) General... of agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical devices, provided that the sale and exportation or...

31 CFR 538.526 - Brokering sales of agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... commodities, medicine, and medical devices. 538.526 Section 538.526 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... Brokering sales of agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical devices. (a) General license for... agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical devices to the Government of Sudan, to any individual or entity...

31 CFR 560.533 - Brokering sales of agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... commodities, medicine, and medical devices. 560.533 Section 560.533 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... Policy § 560.533 Brokering sales of agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical devices. (a) General... agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical devices, provided that the sale and exportation or...

31 CFR 538.526 - Brokering sales of agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... commodities, medicine, and medical devices. 538.526 Section 538.526 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... Brokering sales of agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical devices. (a) General license for... agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical devices to the Government of Sudan, to any individual or entity...

31 CFR 560.530 - Commercial sales, exportation, and reexportation of agricultural commodities, medicine, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... reexportation of agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical devices. 560.530 Section 560.530 Money and... commodities, medicine, and medical devices. (a)(1) One-year license requirement. (i) The exportation or reexportation of agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical devices that are not covered by the general...

17 CFR 4.12 - Exemption from provisions of part 4.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... part 4. 4.12 Section 4.12 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION... said Act; (B) Will generally and routinely engage in the buying and selling of securities and securities derived instruments; (C) Will not enter into commodity futures and commodity options contracts for...

31 CFR 560.526 - Commodities trading and related transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Commodities trading and related... Licenses, Authorizations and Statements of Licensing Policy § 560.526 Commodities trading and related transactions. (a) Trading in Iranian-origin commodities. With respect to § 560.206, specific licenses may be...

75 FR 44890 - Operation, in the Ordinary Course, of a Commodity Broker in Bankruptcy

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-30

... of the customers of such commodity broker, under appropriate circumstances, as determined by the... contracts on behalf of the customers of such commodity broker (the ``Notice'').\\1\\ The proposed rule stated... customer accounts are handled, under appropriate circumstances, in a commodity broker bankruptcy, which may...

7 CFR 17.5 - Contracts between commodity suppliers and importers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... officers and a description of the firm's experience as an exporter of U.S. agricultural commodities. Copies... under this part and the purchase authorization. (3) If, at the time the commodity supplier reports the... requirements unless otherwise specified in the purchase authorization. (1) Commodity contracts between...

17 CFR 31.6 - Registration of leverage commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... commodity's economic value and how such amendments might affect the ability of leverage customers making or... a change in the economic value of such commodities and, if so, quantify the extent of such changes... the ability of leverage customers electing to make or take delivery of the commodity at an economic...

31 CFR 560.526 - Commodities trading and related transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Commodities trading and related... Licenses, Authorizations and Statements of Licensing Policy § 560.526 Commodities trading and related transactions. (a) Trading in Iranian-origin commodities. With respect to § 560.206, specific licenses may be...

7 CFR 1488.9a - Evidence of export for commodities delivered before export.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... COMMODITIES Financing of Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit... financial period is 12 months or less, the exporter shall furnish a certification to the Treasurer, CCC... Assistant Treasurer, CCC, certifying that the commodities have been exported. The certification must include...

7 CFR 1488.9a - Evidence of export for commodities delivered before export.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... COMMODITIES Financing of Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit... financial period is 12 months or less, the exporter shall furnish a certification to the Treasurer, CCC... Assistant Treasurer, CCC, certifying that the commodities have been exported. The certification must include...

7 CFR 1488.9a - Evidence of export for commodities delivered before export.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... COMMODITIES Financing of Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit... financial period is 12 months or less, the exporter shall furnish a certification to the Treasurer, CCC... Assistant Treasurer, CCC, certifying that the commodities have been exported. The certification must include...

School Meal Programs: More Systematic Development of Specifications Could Improve the Safety of Foods Purchased through USDA's Commodity Program. Report to the Ranking Member, Committee on Education and the Workforce, House of Representatives. GAO-11-376

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shames, Lisa

2011-01-01

Through its commodity program, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) provides commodity foods at no cost to schools taking part in the national school meals programs. Commodities include raw ground beef, cheese, poultry, and fresh produce. Like federal food safety agencies, the commodity program has taken steps designed to reduce microbial…

Child mortality, commodity price volatility and the resource curse.

PubMed

Makhlouf, Yousef; Kellard, Neil M; Vinogradov, Dmitri

2017-04-01

Given many developing economies depend on primary commodities, the fluctuations of commodity prices may imply significant effects for the wellbeing of children. To investigate, this paper examines the relationship between child mortality and commodity price movements as reflected by country-specific commodity terms-of-trade. Employing a panel of 69 low and lower-middle income countries over the period 1970-2010, we show that commodity terms-of-trade volatility increases child mortality in highly commodity-dependent importers suggesting a type of 'scarce' resource curse. Strikingly however, good institutions appear able to mitigate the negative impact of volatility. The paper concludes by highlighting this tripartite relationship between child mortality, volatility and good institutions and posits that an effective approach to improving child wellbeing in low to lower-middle income countries will combine hedging, import diversification and improvement of institutional quality. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Botswana's Beef Global Commodity Chain: Explaining the Resistance to Change

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ransom, Elizabeth

2011-01-01

In an era of increasing global agricultural trade, many firms and farms seek to upgrade their agricultural commodity chains to become better integrated into global markets. Utilizing a global commodity chain (GCC) approach, this analysis unravels the challenges to and the potential consequences of upgrading Botswana's beef commodity chain.…

17 CFR 190.05 - Making and taking delivery on commodity contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Making and taking delivery on... COMMISSION BANKRUPTCY § 190.05 Making and taking delivery on commodity contracts. (a) General. (1) In the..., which: (1) Permit the making and taking of delivery to fulfill a commodity futures contract for a...

17 CFR 32.1 - Scope of part 32; definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 32.1 Scope of part 32; definitions. (a) Scope. The provisions of... commodity option transactions, shall apply to all commodity option transactions except for commodity option transactions conducted or executed on or subject to the rules of a contract market, or a foreign board of trade...

17 CFR 1.46 - Application and closing out of offsetting long and short positions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Application and closing out of offsetting long and short positions. 1.46 Section 1.46 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Miscellaneous § 1.46 Application...

31 CFR 538.525 - Payment for and financing of commercial sales of agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... commercial sales of agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical equipment. 538.525 Section 538.525 Money... commodities, medicine, and medical equipment. (a) General license for payment terms. The following payment terms for sales, pursuant to § 538.523(a)(1), of agricultural commodities and products, medicine, and...

31 CFR 560.532 - Payment for and financing of exports and reexports of agricultural commodities, medicine, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... and reexports of agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical devices. 560.532 Section 560.532... commodities, medicine, and medical devices. (a) General license for payment terms. The following payment terms for sales of agricultural commodities and products, medicine, and medical equipment pursuant to §§ 560...

31 CFR 560.532 - Payment for and financing of exports and reexports of agricultural commodities, medicine, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... and reexports of agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical devices. 560.532 Section 560.532... commodities, medicine, and medical devices. (a) General license for payment terms. The following payment terms for sales of agricultural commodities and products, medicine, and medical equipment pursuant to §§ 560...

31 CFR 538.525 - Payment for and financing of commercial sales of agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... commercial sales of agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical equipment. 538.525 Section 538.525 Money... commodities, medicine, and medical equipment. (a) General license for payment terms. The following payment terms for sales, pursuant to § 538.523(a)(1), of agricultural commodities and products, medicine, and...

22 CFR 201.63 - Maximum prices for commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... actually incurred in moving the commodities supplied from the point of purchase to a position alongside or... between those points. (g) Commodity price subject to escalation. If a purchase contract contains a price.... prevailing market price—U.S. source. The purchase price for a commodity, the source of which is the United...

49 CFR 1248.1 - Freight commodity statistics.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Freight commodity statistics. 1248.1 Section 1248... STATISTICS § 1248.1 Freight commodity statistics. All class I railroads, as described in § 1240.1 of this... statistics on the basis of the commodity codes named in § 1248.101. Carriers shall report quarterly on the...

17 CFR 1.39 - Simultaneous buying and selling orders of different principals; execution of, for and between...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Simultaneous buying and... Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Recordkeeping § 1.39 Simultaneous buying and selling orders of different principals...

49 CFR 1248.1 - Freight commodity statistics.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Freight commodity statistics. 1248.1 Section 1248... STATISTICS § 1248.1 Freight commodity statistics. All class I railroads, as described in § 1240.1 of this... statistics on the basis of the commodity codes named in § 1248.101. Carriers shall report quarterly on the...

Multinetwork of international trade: A commodity-specific analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barigozzi, Matteo; Fagiolo, Giorgio; Garlaschelli, Diego

2010-04-01

We study the topological properties of the multinetwork of commodity-specific trade relations among world countries over the 1992-2003 period, comparing them with those of the aggregate-trade network, known in the literature as the international-trade network (ITN). We show that link-weight distributions of commodity-specific networks are extremely heterogeneous and (quasi) log normality of aggregate link-weight distribution is generated as a sheer outcome of aggregation. Commodity-specific networks also display average connectivity, clustering, and centrality levels very different from their aggregate counterpart. We also find that ITN complete connectivity is mainly achieved through the presence of many weak links that keep commodity-specific networks together and that the correlation structure existing between topological statistics within each single network is fairly robust and mimics that of the aggregate network. Finally, we employ cross-commodity correlations between link weights to build hierarchies of commodities. Our results suggest that on the top of a relatively time-invariant “intrinsic” taxonomy (based on inherent between-commodity similarities), the roles played by different commodities in the ITN have become more and more dissimilar, possibly as the result of an increased trade specialization. Our approach is general and can be used to characterize any multinetwork emerging as a nontrivial aggregation of several interdependent layers.

A Qualitative Assessment of Participation in a Rapid Scale-Up, Diagonally-Integrated MDG-Related Disease Prevention Campaign in Rural Kenya

PubMed Central

Dye, Timothy De Ver; Apondi, Rose; Lugada, Eric

2011-01-01

Background Many countries face severe scale-up barriers toward achievement of MDGs. We ascertained motivational and experiential dimensions of participation in a novel, rapid, “diagonal” Integrated Prevention Campaign (IPC) in rural Kenya that provided prevention goods and services to 47,000 people within one week, aimed at rapidly moving the region toward MDG achievement. Specifically, the IPC provided interventions and commodities targeting disease burden reduction in HIV/AIDS, malaria, and water-borne illness. Methods Qualitative in-depth interviews (IDI) were conducted with 34 people (18 living with HIV/AIDS and 16 not HIV-infected) randomly selected from IPC attendees consenting to participate. Interviews were examined for themes and patterns to elucidate participant experience and motivation with IPC. Findings Participants report being primarily motivated to attend IPC to learn of their HIV status (through voluntary counseling and testing), and with receipt of prevention commodities (bednets, water filters, and condoms) providing further incentive. Participants reported that they were satisfied with the IPC experience and offered suggestions to improve future campaigns. Interpretation Learning their HIV status motivated participants along with the incentive of a wider set of commodities that were rapidly deployed through IPC in this challenging region. The critical role of wanting to know their HIV status combined with commodity incentives may offer a new model for rapid scaled-up of prevention strategies that are wider in scope in rural Africa. PMID:21267452

Availability, prices and affordability of UN Commission's lifesaving medicines for reproductive and maternal health in Uganda.

PubMed

Kibira, Denis; Kitutu, Freddy Eric; Merrett, Gemma Buckland; Mantel-Teeuwisse, Aukje K

2017-01-01

Uganda was one of seven countries in which the United Nations Commission on Life Saving Commodities (UNCoLSC) initiative was implemented starting from 2013. A nationwide survey was conducted in 2015 to determine availability, prices and affordability of essential UNCoLSC maternal and reproductive health (MRH) commodities. The survey at health facilities in Uganda was conducted using an adapted version of the standardized methodology co-developed by World Health Organisation (WHO) and Health Action International (HAI). In this study, six maternal and reproductive health commodities, that were part of the UNCoLSC initiative, were studied in the public, private and mission health sectors. Median price ratios were calculated with Management Sciences for Health International Drug Price Indicator prices as reference. Maternal and reproductive health commodity stocks were reviewed from stock cards for their availability for a period of 6 months preceding the survey. Affordability was measured using wages of the lowest paid government worker. Overall none of the six maternal and reproductive commodities was found in the surveyed health facilities. Public sector had the highest availability (52%), followed by mission sector (36%) and then private sector had the least (30%). Stock outs ranged from 7 to 21 days in public sector; 2 to 23 days in private sector and 3 to 27 days in mission sector. During the survey, maternal health commodities were more available and had less number of stock out days than reproductive health commodities. Median price ratios (MPR) indicated that medicines and commodities were more expensive in Uganda compared to international reference prices. Furthermore, MRH medicines and commodities were more expensive and less affordable in private sector compared to mission sector. Access to MRH commodities is inadequate in Uganda. Maternal health commodities were more available, cheaper and thus more affordable than reproductive health commodities in the current study. Efforts should be undertaken by the Ministry of Health and stakeholders to improve availability, prices and affordability of MRH commodities in Uganda to ensure that sustainable Development Goals are met.

7 CFR 29.431 - Handling of imported tobacco pending test results.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

....431 Section 29.431 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMMODITY STANDARDS AND... must be kept in the original packages, and not be mixed, blended, manipulated, or altered in any manner...

7 CFR 29.431 - Handling of imported tobacco pending test results.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

....431 Section 29.431 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMMODITY STANDARDS AND... must be kept in the original packages, and not be mixed, blended, manipulated, or altered in any manner...

75 FR 27987 - Certain Welded Stainless Steel Pipes From the Republic of Korea: Final Results of Antidumping...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-19

... forth by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) for the welded form of chromium-nickel... configuration and welding along the seam. WSSP is a commodity product generally used as a conduit to transmit...

Fuel Your Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mitchell, Richard

2000-01-01

Presents a soybean project designed with an interdisciplinary approach that includes the stages of planting soybeans, studying the impact of rhizobium bacteria on soybean root development, synthesizing the raw oil to methyl ester, testing of biodiesel on a hybrid electric car, and studying the commodities market. Integrates plant science,…

CITICO CREEK WILDERNESS STUDY AREA, TENNESSEE.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Slack, John F.; Behum, Paul T.

1984-01-01

A mineral-resource survey of the Citico Creek Wilderness Study Area, in easternmost Tennessee, indicated that the area offers little promise for the occurrence of metallic mineral resources. Geochemical sampling found traces of gold, copper, cobalt, barium, arsenic, lead, zinc, and thorium in rocks, stream sediments, and panned concentrates, but not in sufficient quantities to indicate the presence of metallic mineral deposits. The only apparent resources are nonmetallic commodities including rock suitable for construction materials, and small amounts of sand and gravel; however, these commodities are found in abundance outside the study area. The potential for oil and natural gas at great depths could not be evaluated by this study. Deep drilling would test the potential for hydrocarbon resources underlying the metamorphic rocks.

Storage, preparation, and usage of fortified food aid among Guatemalan, Ugandan, and Malawian beneficiaries: a field study report.

PubMed

Rowe, Jonathan P; Brodegard, William C; Pike, Oscar A; Steele, Frost M; Dunn, Michael L

2008-09-01

An important consideration in determining the ability of fortified food-aid commodities to meet the nutritional needs of beneficiaries is the manner in which commodities are utilized and prepared and the degree to which micronutrient losses occur during handling and cooking by the beneficiaries. A field study was conducted in Uganda, Malawi, and Guatemala to obtain data on storage, preparation, and usage of fortified blended foods provided by the US Agency for International Development. Interview and observational data on the use of corn-soy blend, cornmeal, soy-fortified cornmeal, soy-fortified bulgur, and fortified vegetable oil were collected from more than 100 households and two wet-feeding sites (where food is prepared and served by staff on-site) in 32 villages. Storage practices by beneficiaries appeared to be appropriate, and all commodities observed were free from off-flavors and odors. Cooking water was typically obtained from boreholes or open wells with a pH range of 4.7 to 7.7 Food preparation usually took place in covered areas with the use of an aluminum or clay pot over a wood-fueled fire. Thin or thick porridges were the most common dishes prepared from cereal-based products, with concentration ranges of 10% to 31% (wt/ wt) in water. Cooking times for porridges ranged from 5 to 53 minutes, with a mean of 26 minutes. Tortillas and beverages were other preparations commonly observed in Guatemala. Vegetable oil was typically used for pan frying. Cooking fuel could be saved and nutritional quality probably improved if relief agencies emphasized shorter cooking times. These data can be used to simulate preparation methods in the laboratory for assessment of the nutritional impact of cooking.

22 CFR 211.9 - Liability for loss damage or improper distribution of commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... sponsors may add to the value any provable costs they have incurred prior to delivery by the ocean carrier... TRANSFER OF FOOD COMMODITIES FOR FOOD USE IN DISASTER RELIEF, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND OTHER ASSISTANCE... or damage to commodities. (See paragraph (c)(2)(iii) of this section.) (B) The value of commodities...

22 CFR 211.9 - Liability for loss damage or improper distribution of commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... sponsors may add to the value any provable costs they have incurred prior to delivery by the ocean carrier... TRANSFER OF FOOD COMMODITIES FOR FOOD USE IN DISASTER RELIEF, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND OTHER ASSISTANCE... or damage to commodities. (See paragraph (c)(2)(iii) of this section.) (B) The value of commodities...

48 CFR 470.202 - Acquisition of commodities for United States Agency for International Development (USAID) programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... to foreign destinations and related freight to transport such commodities under Title II of Public... respect to a commodity procurement or a freight procurement will specify that in the event an offer... offer if the acceptance of another offer for the commodity or freight, when combined with other offers...

48 CFR 470.202 - Acquisition of commodities for United States Agency for International Development (USAID) programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... to foreign destinations and related freight to transport such commodities under Title II of Public... respect to a commodity procurement or a freight procurement will specify that in the event an offer... offer if the acceptance of another offer for the commodity or freight, when combined with other offers...

48 CFR 470.202 - Acquisition of commodities for United States Agency for International Development (USAID) programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... to foreign destinations and related freight to transport such commodities under Title II of Public... respect to a commodity procurement or a freight procurement will specify that in the event an offer... offer if the acceptance of another offer for the commodity or freight, when combined with other offers...

48 CFR 470.202 - Acquisition of commodities for United States Agency for International Development (USAID) programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... to foreign destinations and related freight to transport such commodities under Title II of Public... respect to a commodity procurement or a freight procurement will specify that in the event an offer... offer if the acceptance of another offer for the commodity or freight, when combined with other offers...

Economic Development Policymaking Down the Global Commodity Chain: Attracting an Auto Industry to Silao, Mexico

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rothstein, Jeffrey S.

2005-01-01

This article applies the global commodity chain approach to analyze the way policymakers encouraged an automotive commodity chain to touch down in Silao, Mexico. The article explains that the changing dynamics of the global auto industry have transformed it into an "assembler-driven" commodity chain. It notes how policymakers in the…

Origin of Money: Dynamic Duality Between Necessity and Unnecessity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tauchi, Yuka; Kamiura, Moto; Haruna, Taichi; Gunji, Yukio-Pegio

2008-10-01

We propose a mathematical model of economic agents to study origin of money. This multi-agent model is based on commodity theory of money, which says that a commodity used as money emerges from barter transaction. Each agent has a different value system which is given by a Heyting algebra, and exchanges one's commodities based on the value system. In each value system, necessity and unnecessity of commodities are expressed by some elements and their compliments on a Heyting Algebra. Moreover, the concept of the compliment is extended. Consequently, the duality of the necessity-unnecessity is weakened, and the exchanges of the commodities are promoted. The commodities which keeps being exchanged for a long time can correspond to money.

Evaluation of the US Army Institute of Public Health Destination Monitoring Program, a food safety surveillance program.

PubMed

Rapp-Santos, Kamala; Havas, Karyn; Vest, Kelly

2015-01-01

The Destination Monitoring Program, operated by the US Army Public Health Command (APHC), is one component that supports the APHC Veterinary Service's mission to ensure safety and quality of food procured for the Department of Defense (DoD). This program relies on retail product testing to ensure compliance of production facilities and distributors that supply food to the DoD. This program was assessed to determine the validity and timeliness by specifically evaluating whether sample size of items collected was adequate, if food samples collected were representative of risk, and whether the program returns results in a timely manner. Data was collected from the US Army Veterinary Services Lotus Notes database, including all food samples collected and submitted from APHC Region-North for the purposes of destination monitoring from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013. For most food items, only one sample was submitted for testing. The ability to correctly identify a contaminated food lot may be limited by reliance on test results from only one sample, as the level of confidence in a negative test result is low. The food groups most frequently sampled by APHC correlated with the commodities that were implicated in foodborne illness in the United States. Food items to be submitted were equally distributed among districts and branches, but sections within large branches submitted relatively few food samples compared to sections within smaller branches and districts. Finally, laboratory results were not available for about half the food items prior to their respective expiration dates.

17 CFR 15.00 - Definitions of terms used in parts 15 to 21 of this chapter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... chapter. As used in parts 15 to 21 of this chapter: (a) Cash or Spot, when used in connection with any..., commodity pool or partnership account. (g) Discretionary account means a commodity futures or commodity... spot, single or in all-months fixed in § 150.2 of this chapter for the particular commodity and...

Methodology and User Guide for the Food Intakes Converted to Retail Commodities Databases: CSFII 1994-1996 and 1998; NHANES 1999-2000; WWEIA, NHANES 2001-2002

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The purpose for developing the Food Intakes Converted to Retail Commodities Database (FICRCD) is to convert foods consumed in the national dietary surveys, 1994-2002, to respective amounts of retail-level food commodities. Food commodities are defined as those available for purchase in retail store...

17 CFR 1.1 - Fraud in or in connection with transactions in foreign currency subject to the Commodity Exchange...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Fraud in or in connection with... Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Definitions § 1.1 Fraud in or in connection with transactions in foreign currency subject to the...

ON FARM SAMPLING FOR SALMONELLA: IMPACT OF METHOD AND DESIGN ON RESULTS

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Current sampling for the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) is comprised primarily of receipt of Salmonella isolates from the USDA FSIS as part of their regulatory compliance testing. These isolates are received from all commodities and product classes. Isolates are charac...

USE OF RFID TO TRACK HAZARDOUS WASTE SHIPMENTS ACROSS DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL BORDERS

EPA Science Inventory

Radio-frequency identification system (RFID) is an emerging commodity tracking technology that is being tested and implemented in a large number of applications worldwide. RFID is a method of transmitting data using radio waves, usually through communication with a tag. Both ac...

Environmentally friendly and cost-efficient analysis of aflatoxins in corn

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The extraction procedure adds a significant cost to the overall expense of aflatoxin analysis in agricultural commodities. An inexpensive and low-waste extraction method using a household espresso coffee maker was tested. This appliance was used for the high-temperature /high-pressure extraction of ...

Construction Method of Display Proposal for Commodities in Sales Promotion by Genetic Algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yumoto, Masaki

In a sales promotion task, wholesaler prepares and presents the display proposal for commodities in order to negotiate with retailer's buyers what commodities they should sell. For automating the sales promotion tasks, the proposal has to be constructed according to the target retailer's buyer. However, it is difficult to construct the proposal suitable for the target retail store because of too much combination of commodities. This paper proposes a construction method by Genetic algorithm (GA). The proposed method represents initial display proposals for commodities with genes, improve ones with the evaluation value by GA, and rearrange one with the highest evaluation value according to the classification of commodity. Through practical experiment, we can confirm that display proposal by the proposed method is similar with the one constructed by a wholesaler.

A comparison of wood preservatives in posts in southern Mississippi : results from a half-decade of testing

Treesearch

Mike H. Freeman; Douglas Crawford; Patricia Lebow; James A. Brient

2005-01-01

Wood preservatives extend the useful service life of all wooden commodities used above ground and in ground contact, Over SO years ago, the USDA-Forest Products Lab established tests in a high decay and high termite hazard zone in southern Mississippi. During the last five decades, periodic reports have been issued by researchers located at the USDA-FPL, in Madison, WI...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, L. M.; Environmental Science Division

The 2006-2007 investigation of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform contamination at Barnes, Kansas, was conducted at the request of the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE). The Environmental Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory implemented the investigation on behalf of the Commodity Credit Corporation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CCC/USDA). The overall goal of the investigation was to establish criteria for monitoring leading to potential site reclassification. The investigation objectives were to (1) determine the hydraulic gradient near the former CCC/USDA facility, (2) delineate the downgradient carbon tetrachloride plume, and (3) design and implement an expanded monitoring network atmore » Barnes (Argonne 2006a).« less

17 CFR 3.3 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false [Reserved] 3.3 Section 3.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGISTRATION Registration § 3.3 [Reserved] ...

17 CFR 3.3 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false [Reserved] 3.3 Section 3.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGISTRATION Registration § 3.3 [Reserved] ...

Profitability of Using Forecasting Techniques in the Commodities Market

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-12-01

12 II. THE NATURE OF THE COMMODITIES MARKET . . . . . 13 A. FUTURES TRADING . . . . ...... . . . . . 13 B. HEDGING IN THE COMMODITIES...1984 WHEAT ........ . . . ............... . 74 j7 4’ -- S . LIST OF FIGURES 2.1 Example of a Perfect Hedge . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.1 Iterative...actually results in a commodity delivery [Ref. 31. The majority of these transactions are * taken up by hedgers and speculators. B. HEDGING IN THE

Primary Commodity Dependency: A Limiting Factor for Achieving Democracy

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-24

two ~gricultural crops, minerals, petroleum, or fisheries can be considered primary commodity dependent. Tea, coffee, and cocoa ; peanuts and cotton...Rostow’s Development Model Pre-conditions for take-off mass consumption democracy. In 1960s, economists, associated democratization to a developmental...Commodities can be renewable or non-renewable. Petroleum, diamonds, cocoa , bananas, coffee, and timber are just a few of the commodities that have

7 CFR 247.28 - Storage and inventory of commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.28 Storage and... must provide for storage of commodities that protects them from theft, spoilage, damage or destruction...

7 CFR 247.28 - Storage and inventory of commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.28 Storage and... must provide for storage of commodities that protects them from theft, spoilage, damage or destruction...

7 CFR 247.28 - Storage and inventory of commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.28 Storage and... must provide for storage of commodities that protects them from theft, spoilage, damage or destruction...

7 CFR 247.28 - Storage and inventory of commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.28 Storage and... must provide for storage of commodities that protects them from theft, spoilage, damage or destruction...

7 CFR 247.28 - Storage and inventory of commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.28 Storage and... must provide for storage of commodities that protects them from theft, spoilage, damage or destruction...

33 CFR 402.6 - Volume Rebate Incentive program

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... defined under the Manager's commodity classification, for which a Volume Rebate is sought, the origin or... already move the commodity, as defined under the Manager's commodity classification, through the Seaway at...

33 CFR 402.6 - Volume Rebate Incentive program

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... defined under the Manager's commodity classification, for which a Volume Rebate is sought, the origin or... already move the commodity, as defined under the Manager's commodity classification, through the Seaway at...

Random matrix theory filters and currency portfolio optimisation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Daly, J.; Crane, M.; Ruskin, H. J.

2010-04-01

Random matrix theory (RMT) filters have recently been shown to improve the optimisation of financial portfolios. This paper studies the effect of three RMT filters on realised portfolio risk, using bootstrap analysis and out-of-sample testing. We considered the case of a foreign exchange and commodity portfolio, weighted towards foreign exchange, and consisting of 39 assets. This was intended to test the limits of RMT filtering, which is more obviously applicable to portfolios with larger numbers of assets. We considered both equally and exponentially weighted covariance matrices, and observed that, despite the small number of assets involved, RMT filters reduced risk in a way that was consistent with a much larger S&P 500 portfolio. The exponential weightings indicated showed good consistency with the value suggested by Riskmetrics, in contrast to previous results involving stocks. This decay factor, along with the low number of past moves preferred in the filtered, equally weighted case, displayed a trend towards models which were reactive to recent market changes. On testing portfolios with fewer assets, RMT filtering provided less or no overall risk reduction. In particular, no long term out-of-sample risk reduction was observed for a portfolio consisting of 15 major currencies and commodities.

7 CFR 1421.102 - Adjustment of basic loan rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...-MARKETING ASSISTANCE LOANS AND LOAN DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS FOR 2008 THROUGH 2012 Marketing Assistance Loans... county marketing assistance loan rate. (2) For farm-stored commodities where the test weight discounts... schedule of discounts, the marketing assistance loan rate shall be reduced to 20 percent of the county loan...

7 CFR 1421.102 - Adjustment of basic loan rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...-MARKETING ASSISTANCE LOANS AND LOAN DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS FOR 2008 THROUGH 2012 Marketing Assistance Loans... county marketing assistance loan rate. (2) For farm-stored commodities where the test weight discounts... schedule of discounts, the marketing assistance loan rate shall be reduced to 20 percent of the county loan...

7 CFR 1421.102 - Adjustment of basic loan rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...-MARKETING ASSISTANCE LOANS AND LOAN DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS FOR 2008 THROUGH 2012 Marketing Assistance Loans... county marketing assistance loan rate. (2) For farm-stored commodities where the test weight discounts... schedule of discounts, the marketing assistance loan rate shall be reduced to 20 percent of the county loan...

FY 2002 Pollution Prevention/Compliance, Acquisition and Technology Division Annual Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-03-03

will be better able to preserve readiness, save money and avoid bad decisions by knowing which alternative cleaning products meet its stringent...partnership with commodity managers, USAEC and ATC are leading an initiative to compre- hensively test several cleaning products and gather data the Army

17 CFR 39.36 - Risk management for systemically important derivatives clearing organizations and subpart C...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) Establish procedures for: (i) Reporting stress test results to its risk management committee or board of... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Risk management for....36 Risk management for systemically important derivatives clearing organizations and subpart C...

Response of white peach scale to metabolic stress disinfection and disinfestation (MSDD) treatment

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Metabolic stress disinfection and disinfestation (MSDD) is a postharvest treatment that combines short periods of low pressure (vacuum) and high CO2 with ethanol vapor to control pathogens and arthropod pests on commodities. The system was tested against white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona ...

Real-Time GPS-Alternative Navigation Using Commodity Hardware

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

4.1 Test Plan and Setup ..............................................................................................84 4.1.1 Component and...improvements planned , the most influential for navigation are additional signals, frequencies, and improved signal strength. These improvements will... planned and implemented to provide maximum extensibility for additional sensors and functionality without disturbing the core GPU-accelerated

7 CFR 28.161 - Disputes involving contracts for shipment of cotton from United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Disputes involving contracts for shipment of cotton... COMMODITY STANDARDS AND STANDARD CONTAINER REGULATIONS COTTON CLASSING, TESTING, AND STANDARDS Regulations Under the United States Cotton Standards Act Adjustment of Contract Disputes § 28.161 Disputes involving...

7 CFR 28.161 - Disputes involving contracts for shipment of cotton from United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Disputes involving contracts for shipment of cotton... COMMODITY STANDARDS AND STANDARD CONTAINER REGULATIONS COTTON CLASSING, TESTING, AND STANDARDS Regulations Under the United States Cotton Standards Act Adjustment of Contract Disputes § 28.161 Disputes involving...

7 CFR 28.161 - Disputes involving contracts for shipment of cotton from United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Disputes involving contracts for shipment of cotton... COMMODITY STANDARDS AND STANDARD CONTAINER REGULATIONS COTTON CLASSING, TESTING, AND STANDARDS Regulations Under the United States Cotton Standards Act Adjustment of Contract Disputes § 28.161 Disputes involving...

7 CFR 28.161 - Disputes involving contracts for shipment of cotton from United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Disputes involving contracts for shipment of cotton... COMMODITY STANDARDS AND STANDARD CONTAINER REGULATIONS COTTON CLASSING, TESTING, AND STANDARDS Regulations Under the United States Cotton Standards Act Adjustment of Contract Disputes § 28.161 Disputes involving...

7 CFR 28.161 - Disputes involving contracts for shipment of cotton from United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Disputes involving contracts for shipment of cotton... COMMODITY STANDARDS AND STANDARD CONTAINER REGULATIONS COTTON CLASSING, TESTING, AND STANDARDS Regulations Under the United States Cotton Standards Act Adjustment of Contract Disputes § 28.161 Disputes involving...

7 CFR 1421.102 - Adjustment of basic loan rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...-MARKETING ASSISTANCE LOANS AND LOAN DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS FOR 2008 THROUGH 2012 Marketing Assistance Loans... county marketing assistance loan rate. (2) For farm-stored commodities where the test weight discounts... schedule of discounts, the marketing assistance loan rate shall be reduced to 20 percent of the county loan...

7 CFR 1421.112 - Foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... effected without removing the commodity from storage. The commodity may be processed before sale and CCC may become the purchaser of the whole or any part of the commodity at either a public or private sale...

7 CFR 1421.112 - Foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... effected without removing the commodity from storage. The commodity may be processed before sale and CCC may become the purchaser of the whole or any part of the commodity at either a public or private sale...

7 CFR 253.10 - Commodity control, storage and distribution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... recorded. (15) Posters are conspicuously displayed advising program participants to accept only those... commodities with the same or similar kind of commodities which are sound and in good condition. The State...

7 CFR 1499.8 - Entry and handling of commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... entry and transit. The participant shall store and maintain the donated commodities in good condition...) Banners, posters or other media informing the public of the name and source of the donated commodities...

41 CFR 51-6.13 - Replacement and similar commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Public Contracts COMMITTEE FOR PURCHASE FROM PEOPLE WHO ARE BLIND OR SEVERELY DISABLED 6-PROCUREMENT... desire to procure additional sizes, colors, or other variations of a commodity after the commodity is...

41 CFR 51-6.13 - Replacement and similar commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Public Contracts COMMITTEE FOR PURCHASE FROM PEOPLE WHO ARE BLIND OR SEVERELY DISABLED 6-PROCUREMENT... desire to procure additional sizes, colors, or other variations of a commodity after the commodity is...

41 CFR 51-6.13 - Replacement and similar commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Public Contracts COMMITTEE FOR PURCHASE FROM PEOPLE WHO ARE BLIND OR SEVERELY DISABLED 6-PROCUREMENT... desire to procure additional sizes, colors, or other variations of a commodity after the commodity is...

41 CFR 51-6.13 - Replacement and similar commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Public Contracts COMMITTEE FOR PURCHASE FROM PEOPLE WHO ARE BLIND OR SEVERELY DISABLED 6-PROCUREMENT... desire to procure additional sizes, colors, or other variations of a commodity after the commodity is...

41 CFR 51-6.13 - Replacement and similar commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Public Contracts COMMITTEE FOR PURCHASE FROM PEOPLE WHO ARE BLIND OR SEVERELY DISABLED 6-PROCUREMENT... desire to procure additional sizes, colors, or other variations of a commodity after the commodity is...

Effects of Regulation and Technology on End Uses of Nonfuel Mineral Commodities in the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Matos, Grecia R.

2007-01-01

The regulatory system and advancement of technologies have shaped the end-use patterns of nonfuel minerals used in the United States. These factors affected the quantities and types of materials used by society. Environmental concerns and awareness of possible negative effects on public health prompted numerous regulations that have dramatically altered the use of commodities like arsenic, asbestos, lead, and mercury. While the selected commodities represent only a small portion of overall U.S. materials use, they have the potential for harmful effects on human health or the environment, which other commodities, like construction aggregates, do not normally have. The advancement of technology allowed for new uses of mineral materials in products like high-performance computers, telecommunications equipment, plasma and liquid-crystal display televisions and computer monitors, mobile telephones, and electronic devices, which have become mainstream products. These technologies altered the end-use pattern of mineral commodities like gallium, germanium, indium, and strontium. Human ingenuity and people?s demand for different and creative services increase the demand for new materials and industries while shifting the pattern of use of mineral commodities. The mineral commodities? end-use data are critical for the understanding of the magnitude and character of these flows, assessing their impact on the environment, and providing an early warning of potential problems in waste management of products containing these commodities. The knowledge of final disposition of the mineral commodity allows better decisions as to how regulation should be tailored.

Statistical field theory of futures commodity prices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baaquie, Belal E.; Yu, Miao

2018-02-01

The statistical theory of commodity prices has been formulated by Baaquie (2013). Further empirical studies of single (Baaquie et al., 2015) and multiple commodity prices (Baaquie et al., 2016) have provided strong evidence in support the primary assumptions of the statistical formulation. In this paper, the model for spot prices (Baaquie, 2013) is extended to model futures commodity prices using a statistical field theory of futures commodity prices. The futures prices are modeled as a two dimensional statistical field and a nonlinear Lagrangian is postulated. Empirical studies provide clear evidence in support of the model, with many nontrivial features of the model finding unexpected support from market data.

7 CFR 1599.8 - Entry and handling of commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... approvals for entry and transit. The participant shall store and maintain the donated commodities in good...) Banners, posters or other media informing the public of the name and source of the donated commodities...

17 CFR 42.1 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false [Reserved] 42.1 Section 42.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING, TERRORIST FINANCING General Provisions § 42.1 [Reserved] ...

78 FR 50040 - Technology Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-16

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Technology Advisory Committee AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice of Meeting of Technology Advisory Committee. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) announces that on September 12, 2013, the CFTC's Technology Advisory...

Food commodity pipeline management in transitional settings: challenges and lessons learned from the first USAID food development program in South Sudan

PubMed Central

Tappis, Hannah; Doocy, Shannon; Amoako, Stephen

2013-01-01

ABSTRACT Despite decades of support for international food assistance programs by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Office of Food for Peace, relatively little is known about the commodity pipeline and management issues these programs face in post-conflict and politically volatile settings. Based on an audit of the program's commodity tracking system and interviews with 13 key program staff, this case study documents the experiences of organizations implementing the first USAID-funded non-emergency (development) food assistance program approved for Sudan and South Sudan. Key challenges and lessons learned in this experience about food commodity procurement, transport, and management may help improve the design and implementation of future development food assistance programs in a variety of complex, food-insecure settings around the world. Specifically, expanding shipping routes in complex political situations may facilitate reliable and timely commodity delivery. In addition, greater flexibility to procure commodities locally, rather than shipping U.S.-procured commodities, may avoid unnecessary shipping delays and reduce costs. PMID:25276532

Overcoming Health System Challenges for Women and Children Living With HIV Through the Global Plan.

PubMed

Modi, Surbhi; Callahan, Tegan; Rodrigues, Jessica; Kajoka, Mwikemo D; Dale, Helen M; Langa, Judite O; Urso, Marilena; Nchephe, Matsepeli I; Bongdene, Helene; Romano, Sostena; Broyles, Laura N

2017-05-01

To meet the ambitious targets set by the Global Plan Towards the Elimination of New HIV Infections Among Children by 2015 and Keeping Their Mothers Alive (Global Plan), the initial 22 priority countries quickly developed innovative approaches for overcoming long-standing health systems challenges and providing HIV testing and treatment to pregnant and breastfeeding women and their infants. The Global Plan spurred programs for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission to integrate HIV-related care and treatment into broader maternal, newborn, and child health services; expand the effectiveness of the health workforce through task sharing; extend health services into communities; strengthen supply chain and commodity management systems; reduce diagnostic and laboratory hurdles; and strengthen strategic supervision and mentorship. The article reviews the ongoing challenges for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programs as they continue to strive for elimination of vertical transmission of HIV infection in the post-Global Plan era. Although progress has been rapid, health systems still face important challenges, particularly follow-up and diagnosis of HIV-exposed infants, continuity of care, and the promotion of services that are respectful and client centered.

Overcoming Health System Challenges for Women and Children Living With HIV Through the Global Plan

PubMed Central

Modi, Surbhi; Callahan, Tegan; Rodrigues, Jessica; Kajoka, Mwikemo D.; Dale, Helen M.; Langa, Judite O.; Urso, Marilena; Nchephe, Matsepeli I.; Bongdene, Helene; Romano, Sostena; Broyles, Laura N.

2017-01-01

To meet the ambitious targets set by the Global Plan Towards the Elimination of New HIV Infections Among Children by 2015 and Keeping Their Mothers Alive (Global Plan), the initial 22 priority countries quickly developed innovative approaches for overcoming long-standing health systems challenges and providing HIV testing and treatment to pregnant and breastfeeding women and their infants. The Global Plan spurred programs for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission to integrate HIV-related care and treatment into broader maternal, newborn, and child health services; expand the effectiveness of the health workforce through task sharing; extend health services into communities; strengthen supply chain and commodity management systems; reduce diagnostic and laboratory hurdles; and strengthen strategic supervision and mentorship. The article reviews the ongoing challenges for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programs as they continue to strive for elimination of vertical transmission of HIV infection in the post-Global Plan era. Although progress has been rapid, health systems still face important challenges, particularly follow-up and diagnosis of HIV-exposed infants, continuity of care, and the promotion of services that are respectful and client centered. PMID:28399000

2002 economic census : transportation : 2002 commodity flow survey : exports

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-03-01

This report contains background information on the 2002 Commodity Flow Survey and then presents : detailed tabular results on shipment characteristics by mode of transportation, commodity, : and geography. In Appendix A, key characteristics of the 20...

1993 commodity flow survey : state summaries

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-06-01

This report summarizes the Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) state reports released between February 1996 and July 1996 by the Bureau of the Census and the 1993 Commodity Flow Survey: Preliminary Observations by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Inf...

Critical mineral resources of the United States—An introduction

USGS Publications Warehouse

Schulz, Klaus J.; DeYoung, John H.; Seal, Robert R.; Bradley, Dwight C.; Schulz, Klaus J.; DeYoung,, John H.; Seal, Robert R.; Bradley, Dwight C.

2017-12-19

Many changes have taken place in the mineral resource sector since the publication by the U.S. Geological Survey of Professional Paper 820, “United States Mineral Resources,” which is a review of the long-term United States resource position for 65 mineral commodities or commodity groups. For example, since 1973, the United States has continued to become increasingly dependent on imports to meet its demands for an increasing number of mineral commodities. The global demand for mineral commodities is at an alltime high and is expected to continue to increase, and the development of new technologies and products has led to the use of a greater number of mineral commodities in increasing quantities to the point that, today, essentially all naturally occurring elements have several significant industrial uses. Although most mineral commodities are present in sufficient amounts in the earth to provide adequate supplies for many years to come, their availability can be affected by such factors as social constraints, politics, laws, environmental regulations, land-use restrictions, economics, and infrastructure.This volume presents updated reviews of 23 mineral commodities and commodity groups viewed as critical to a broad range of existing and emerging technologies, renewable energy, and national security. The commodities or commodity groups included are antimony, barite, beryllium, cobalt, fluorine, gallium, germanium, graphite, hafnium, indium, lithium, manganese, niobium, platinum-group elements, rare-earth elements, rhenium, selenium, tantalum, tellurium, tin, titanium, vanadium, and zirconium. All these commodities have been listed as critical and (or) strategic in one or more of the recent studies based on assessed likelihood of supply interruption and the possible cost of such a disruption to the assessor. For some of the minerals, current production is limited to only one or a few countries. For many, the United States currently has no mine production or any significant identified resources and is largely dependent on imports to meet its needs. As a result, the emphasis in this volume is on the global distribution and availability of each mineral commodity. The environmental issues related to production of each mineral commodity, including current mitigation and remediation approaches to deal with these challenges, are also addressed.This introductory chapter provides an overview of the mineral resource classifications, terms, and definitions used in this volume. A review of the history of the use and meaning of the term “critical” minerals (or materials) is included as an appendix to the chapter.

Marijuana and tobacco cigarettes: Estimating their behavioral economic relationship using purchasing tasks.

PubMed

Peters, Erica N; Rosenberry, Zachary R; Schauer, Gillian L; O'Grady, Kevin E; Johnson, Patrick S

2017-06-01

Although marijuana and tobacco are commonly coused, the nature of their relationship has not been fully elucidated. Behavioral economics has characterized the relationship between concurrently available commodities but has not been applied to marijuana and tobacco couse. U.S. adults ≥18 years who coused marijuana and tobacco cigarettes were recruited via Mechanical Turk, a crowdsourcing service by Amazon. Participants (N = 82) completed online purchasing tasks assessing hypothetical marijuana or tobacco cigarette puff consumption across a range of per-puff prices; 2 single-commodity tasks assessed these when only 1 commodity was available, and 2 cross-commodity tasks assessed these in the presence of a concurrently available fixed-price commodity. Purchasing tasks generated measures of demand elasticity, that is, sensitivity of consumption to prices. In single-commodity tasks, consumption of tobacco cigarette puffs (elasticity of demand: α = 0.0075; 95% confidence interval [0.0066, 0.0085], R² = 0.72) and of marijuana puffs (α = .0044; 95% confidence interval [0.0038, 0.0049], R² = 0.71) declined significantly with increases in price per puff. In cross-commodity tasks when both tobacco cigarette puffs and marijuana puffs were available, demand for 1 commodity was independent of price increases in the other commodity (ps > .05). Results revealed that, in this small sample, marijuana and tobacco cigarettes did not substitute for each other and did not complement each other; instead, they were independent of each other. These preliminary results can inform future studies assessing the economic relationship between tobacco and marijuana in the quickly changing policy climate in the United States. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

Inspection report: the Department of Energy's export licensing process for dual-use and munitions commodities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Friedman, Gregory H.

1999-05-01

Export of commodities, encouraged by both the private sector and the Federal Government, helps to improve our position in the global economy and is in the national interest of the US. However, exports of commodities or technologies, without regard to whether they may significantly contribute to the military potential of individual countries or combination of countries or enhance the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, may adversely affect the national security of the US. The Federal Government, therefore, implements several laws, Executive Orders, and regulations to control the export of certain commodities and technologies. These commodities and technologies require amore » license for export. Some of the controlled items are designated as ''dual-use,'' that is, commodities and technologies that have both civilian and military application. Some dual-use commodities are designated as ''nuclear dual-use''--items controlled for nuclear nonproliferation purposes. Another group of controlled commodities is designated as munitions, which are goods and technologies that have solely military uses. The Department of Energy (Energy) conducts reviews of export license applications for nuclear dual-use items and certain munitions. On August 26, 1998, the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs requested that the Inspectors General from the Departments of Commerce, Defense, Energy, State, and Treasury, and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), update and expand on a 1993 interagency review conducted by the Inspectors General of the Departments of Commerce, Defense, Energy, and State of the export licensing processes for dual-use and munitions commodities.« less

United States, 2002 : 2002 Economic Census : Transportation : 2002 commodity flow survey

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-12-01

This report contains background information on the 2002 Commodity Flow Survey and then presents : detailed tabular results on shipment characteristics by mode of transportation, commodity, : distance shipped, and shipment weight. In Appendix A, key c...

A Space Commodities Futures Trading Exchange to Grow the Lunar Economy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cahan, B. B. C.

2017-10-01

This paper proposes to establish a Space Commodities Futures Trading Exchange in order to define and trade essential commodities that, when traded on an open exchange, improve availability, quality, price discovery, financeability, and equal access.

17 CFR Appendix C to Part 145 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false [Reserved] C Appendix C to Part 145 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMISSION RECORDS AND INFORMATION Appendix C to Part 145 [Reserved] ...

17 CFR Appendix C to Part 40 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false [Reserved] C Appendix C to Part 40 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PROVISIONS COMMON TO REGISTERED ENTITIES Appendix C to Part 40 [Reserved] ...

78 FR 16663 - Agency Information Collection Activities Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-18

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agency Information Collection Activities Under OMB Review AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: In compliance with the Paperwork...: Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC''), Attention: Gary J. Martinaitis, Division of Market...

Characterization of the Virtual Water Commodity Network of Major U.S. Cities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garcia, S.; Ahams, I. C.; Ruddell, B. L.; Mejia, A.

2016-12-01

Cities, through their socioeconomic power and consumption patterns, drive an intricate web of commodity flows that gives rise to an underlying network of indirect transfers of energy and water. The virtual water content of a commodity represents the water embedded in its production. It can serve as a measure of city water consumption that, along with direct, metabolic consumption, exposes the dependence of cities on distant regions and the potential vulnerabilities of the network to shocks and stresses. Using the U.S. network of commodities flows, together with their associated virtual water content, we use network theory to analyze first-order and higher-order topological properties of virtual water flows for major U.S. cities, defined by their metropolitan boundaries. They are represented as nodes and weighted directed links, symbolizing the volume and direction of the virtual water flows associated with the transfer of agricultural, livestock and industrial commodities. We find that network properties, generally, vary across commodities and reveal complex structures such as the appearance of hubs like Chicago, Houston, and New Orleans for industrial commodities and the formation of communities (megaregions). Additionally, using scaling arguments, we find that increasing city size makes larger cities more water efficient and hydroeconomically productive than smaller ones. This work represents an initial step towards understanding the role played by cities in the U.S. commodity network and food-energy-water (FEW) nexus.

Analytical methods for the quantification of bisphenol A, alkylphenols, phthalate esters, and perfluoronated chemicals in biological samples.

PubMed

Nakazawa, Hiroyuki; Iwasaki, Yusuke; Ito, Rie

2014-01-01

Our modern society has created a large number of chemicals that are used for the production of everyday commodities including toys, food packaging, cosmetic products, and building materials. We enjoy a comfortable and convenient lifestyle with access to these items. In addition, in specialized areas, such as experimental science and various medical fields, laboratory equipment and devices that are manufactured using a wide range of chemical substances are also extensively employed. The association between human exposure to trace hazardous chemicals and an increased incidence of endocrine disease has been recognized. However, the evaluation of human exposure to such endocrine disrupting chemicals is therefore imperative, and the determination of exposure levels requires the analysis of human biological materials, such as blood and urine. To obtain as much information as possible from limited sample sizes, highly sensitive and reliable analytical methods are also required for exposure assessments. The present review focuses on effective analytical methods for the quantification of bisphenol A (BPA), alkylphenols (APs), phthalate esters (PEs), and perfluoronated chemicals (PFCs), which are chemicals used in the production of everyday commodities. Using data obtained from liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and LC/MS/MS analyses, assessments of the risks to humans were also presented based on the estimated levels of exposure to PFCs.

1993 commodity flow survey : United States highlights

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-02-01

This report summarizes information from the 1993 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) released in 1996 by the Bureau of the Census. The report presents data on domestic shipments of commodities by value and weight, destination by value and weight, mode of tra...

2002 economic census : transportation : 2002 commodity flow survey : United States, 2002 : Hazardous materials

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-12-01

This report contains background information on the 2002 Commodity Flow Survey and then presents : detailed tabular results on shipment characteristics by mode of transportation, commodity, : distance shipped, and shipment weight. In Appendix A, key c...

17 CFR 4.25 - Performance disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Performance disclosures. 4.25... OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Pool Operators § 4.25 Performance disclosures. (a) General principles—(1) Capsule performance information—(i) For pools. Unless otherwise specified...

17 CFR 4.25 - Performance disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Performance disclosures. 4.25... OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Pool Operators § 4.25 Performance disclosures. (a) General principles—(1) Capsule performance information—(i) For pools. Unless otherwise specified...

17 CFR 4.25 - Performance disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Performance disclosures. 4.25... OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Pool Operators § 4.25 Performance disclosures. (a) General principles—(1) Capsule performance information—(i) For pools. Unless otherwise specified...

17 CFR 4.25 - Performance disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Performance disclosures. 4.25... OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Pool Operators § 4.25 Performance disclosures. (a) General principles—(1) Capsule performance information—(i) For pools. Unless otherwise specified...

17 CFR 4.25 - Performance disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Performance disclosures. 4.25... OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Pool Operators § 4.25 Performance disclosures. (a) General principles—(1) Capsule performance information—(i) For pools. Unless otherwise specified...

17 CFR 8.08 - Disciplinary committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Disciplinary committee. 8.08 Section 8.08 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXCHANGE PROCEDURES FOR DISCIPLINARY, SUMMARY, AND MEMBERSHIP DENIAL ACTIONS Disciplinary Procedure § 8.08 Disciplinary...

17 CFR 37.2 - Exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exemption. 37.2 Section 37.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES TRANSACTION EXECUTION FACILITIES § 37.2 Exemption. Contracts, agreements or transactions traded on a derivatives transaction...

17 CFR 37.9 - Enforceability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Enforceability. 37.9 Section 37.9 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES TRANSACTION... pursuant to the rules of, a registered derivatives transaction execution facility shall not be void...

17 CFR 39.6 - Enforceability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Enforceability. 39.6 Section 39.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES CLEARING ORGANIZATIONS § 39.6 Enforceability. An agreement, contract or transaction submitted to a derivatives clearing...

7 CFR 1421.6 - Beneficial interest.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... have control of the commodity, such person must have complete decision-making authority regarding... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS GRAINS AND SIMILARLY HANDLED COMMODITIES... person who purchases or otherwise acquires a commodity from a producer under any circumstances does not...

Metabolic physiology of the invasive clam, Potamocorbula amurensis: the interactive role of temperature, salinity, and food availability.

PubMed

Miller, Nathan A; Chen, Xi; Stillman, Jonathon H

2014-01-01

In biological systems energy serves as the ultimate commodity, often determining species distributions, abundances, and interactions including the potential impact of invasive species on native communities. The Asian clam Potamocorbula amurensis invaded the San Francisco Estuary (SFE) in 1986 and is implicated in the decline of native fish species through resource competition. Using a combined laboratory/field study we examined how energy expenditure in this clam is influenced by salinity, temperature and food availability. Measures of metabolism were made at whole organism (metabolic rate) and biochemical (pyruvate kinase (PK) and citrate synthase (CS) enzyme activities) levels. We found in the field, over the course of a year, the ratio of PK to CS was typically 1.0 suggesting that aerobic and fermentative metabolism were roughly equivalent, except for particular periods characterized by low salinity, higher temperatures, and intermediate food availabilities. In a 30-day laboratory acclimation experiment, however, neither metabolic rate nor PK:CS ratio was consistently influenced by the same variables, though the potential for fermentative pathways did predominate. We conclude that in field collected animals, the addition of biochemical measures of energetic state provide little additional information to the previously measured whole organism metabolic rate. In addition, much of the variation in the laboratory remained unexplained and additional variables, including reproductive stage or body condition may influence laboratory-based results. Further study of adult clams must consider the role of organismal condition, especially reproductive state, in comparisons of laboratory experiments and field observations.

First report of Pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus-1 in Ecuador

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In Ecuador, where pineapple represents one of the most important export commodities, virus testing has been neglected. In July 2014, a total of twenty MD2 hybrid pineapple plants showing virus-like symptoms (Fig. 1) were collected from a commercial planting located at the border of Santo Domingo and...

15 CFR 740.9 - Temporary imports, exports, reexports, and transfers (in-country) (TMP).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... commodities and software may be placed in a bonded warehouse or a storage facility provided that the exporter... the end of the beta test period as defined by the software producer or, if the software producer does... software. (a) Temporary exports, reexports, and transfers (in-country). License Exception TMP authorizes...

17 CFR 40.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., transaction, or instrument, or any commodity futures or option contract with respect to all future or option... (2) Any commodity futures or option contract or other agreement, contract, transaction or instrument... clearing organization; or (3) Any commodity futures or option contract or other agreement, contract...

17 CFR 141.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 141.2 Section 141.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SALARY OFFSET § 141.2... social security, federal, state or local income tax, health insurance premiums, retirement contributions...

17 CFR 38.256 - Trade reconstruction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Trade reconstruction. 38.256 Section 38.256 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DESIGNATED CONTRACT MARKETS Prevention of Market Disruption § 38.256 Trade reconstruction. The designated contract market must...