Sample records for common partial ownership

  1. 43 CFR 426.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... entitlements mean the ownership and nonfull-cost entitlements. Acreage limitation provisions mean the ownership... land means nonexempt land that is in excess of a landowner's maximum ownership entitlement under the... economic risk and the use or possession of the lessor's land is partially or wholly transferred to the...

  2. 12 CFR 334.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... company that is related by common ownership or common corporate control with another company. (c...) Common ownership or common corporate control means a relationship between two companies under which: (1) One company has, with respect to the other company: (i) Ownership, control, or power to vote 25...

  3. 42 CFR 420.201 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... provider of services, an independent clinical laboratory, a renal disease facility, a rural health clinic..., common supporting staff, or common equipment). Indirect ownership interest means any ownership interest in an entity that has an ownership interest in the disclosing entity. The term includes an ownership...

  4. 42 CFR 420.201 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... provider of services, an independent clinical laboratory, a renal disease facility, a rural health clinic..., common supporting staff, or common equipment). Indirect ownership interest means any ownership interest in an entity that has an ownership interest in the disclosing entity. The term includes an ownership...

  5. 42 CFR 420.201 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... provider of services, an independent clinical laboratory, a renal disease facility, a rural health clinic..., common supporting staff, or common equipment). Indirect ownership interest means any ownership interest in an entity that has an ownership interest in the disclosing entity. The term includes an ownership...

  6. 24 CFR 960.707 - Pet ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Pet ownership. 960.707 Section 960... ADMISSION TO, AND OCCUPANCY OF, PUBLIC HOUSING Pet Ownership in Public Housing § 960.707 Pet ownership. (a..., may own one or more common household pets or have one or more common household pets present in the...

  7. 24 CFR 960.707 - Pet ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Pet ownership. 960.707 Section 960... ADMISSION TO, AND OCCUPANCY OF, PUBLIC HOUSING Pet Ownership in Public Housing § 960.707 Pet ownership. (a..., may own one or more common household pets or have one or more common household pets present in the...

  8. 24 CFR 960.707 - Pet ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Pet ownership. 960.707 Section 960... ADMISSION TO, AND OCCUPANCY OF, PUBLIC HOUSING Pet Ownership in Public Housing § 960.707 Pet ownership. (a..., may own one or more common household pets or have one or more common household pets present in the...

  9. 24 CFR 960.707 - Pet ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Pet ownership. 960.707 Section 960... ADMISSION TO, AND OCCUPANCY OF, PUBLIC HOUSING Pet Ownership in Public Housing § 960.707 Pet ownership. (a..., may own one or more common household pets or have one or more common household pets present in the...

  10. Corporate Investors Increased Common Ownership In Hospitals And The Postacute Care And Hospice Sectors.

    PubMed

    Fowler, Annabelle C; Grabowski, David C; Gambrel, Robert J; Huskamp, Haiden A; Stevenson, David G

    2017-09-01

    The sharing of investors across firms is a new antitrust focus because of its potential negative effects on competition. Historically, the ability to track common investors across the continuum of health care providers has been limited. Thus, little is known about common investor ownership structures that might exist across health care delivery systems and how these linkages have evolved over time. We used data from the Provider Enrollment, Chain, and Ownership System of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to identify common investor ownership linkages across the acute care, postacute care, and hospice sectors within the same geographic markets. To our knowledge, this study provides the first description of common investor ownership trends in these sectors. We found that the percentage of acute care hospitals having common investor ties to the postacute or hospice sectors increased from 24.6 percent in 2005 to 48.9 percent in 2015. These changes have important implications for antitrust, payment, and regulatory policies. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

  11. 13 CFR 108.460 - Restrictions on Common Control or ownership of two (or more) NMVC Companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Restrictions on Common Control or ownership of two (or more) NMVC Companies. 108.460 Section 108.460 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION NEW MARKETS VENTURE CAPITAL (âNMVCâ) PROGRAM Changes in Ownership, Structure, or...

  12. Relative household wealth and non-fatal road crashes: analysis of population-representative data of Kenyan adults.

    PubMed

    Kraemer, John D

    2018-05-18

    This study aims to examine potential road crash disparities across relative wealth and location of residence in Kenya by analyzing population-representative Demographic and Health Survey data. Relative wealth was measured by household assets, converted into an index by polychoric principal components analysis. Location and sex-stratified associations between wealth quantiles and crashes were flexibly estimated using fractional polynomial models. Structural equation models were fit to examine whether observed differences may operate through previously identified determinants. In rural areas, crashes were least common for both the poorest men (-5.2 percentage points, 95% CI: -7.3 to -3.2) and women (-1.6 percentage points, 95% CI: -2.9 to -0.4). In urban areas, male crashes were lowest (-3.0 percentage points, 95% CI: -5.2 to -0.8) among the wealthiest, while they peaked in the middle of the female wealth distribution (2.0 percentage points, 95% CI: 0.3-3.8). Male differences operate partially though occupational driving and vehicle ownership. Urban female differences operate partially through household vehicle ownership, but differences for rural women were not explained by modeled determinants. Relative wealth and road crash have opposite associations in rural and urban areas. Especially in rural areas, it is important to mitigate potential unintended effects of economic development.

  13. 29 CFR 779.219 - Unified operation may be achieved without common control or common ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Unified operation may be achieved without common control or... Act May Apply; Enterprise Coverage Unified Operation Or Common Control § 779.219 Unified operation may be achieved without common control or common ownership. The performance of related activities through...

  14. Sliding perspectives: dissociating ownership from self-location during full body illusions in virtual reality

    PubMed Central

    Maselli, Antonella; Slater, Mel

    2014-01-01

    Bodily illusions have been used to study bodily self-consciousness and disentangle its various components, among other the sense of ownership and self-location. Congruent multimodal correlations between the real body and a fake humanoid body can in fact trigger the illusion that the fake body is one's own and/or disrupt the unity between the perceived self-location and the position of the physical body. However, the extent to which changes in self-location entail changes in ownership is still matter of debate. Here we address this problem with the support of immersive virtual reality. Congruent visuotactile stimulation was delivered on healthy participants to trigger full body illusions from different visual perspectives, each resulting in a different degree of overlap between real and virtual body. Changes in ownership and self-location were measured with novel self-posture assessment tasks and with an adapted version of the cross-modal congruency task. We found that, despite their strong coupling, self-location and ownership can be selectively altered: self-location was affected when having a third person perspective over the virtual body, while ownership toward the virtual body was experienced only in the conditions with total or partial overlap. Thus, when the virtual body is seen in the far extra-personal space, changes in self-location were not coupled with changes in ownership. If a partial spatial overlap is present, ownership was instead typically experienced with a boosted change in the perceived self-location. We discussed results in the context of the current knowledge of the multisensory integration mechanisms contributing to self-body perception. We argue that changes in the perceived self-location are associated to the dynamical representation of peripersonal space encoded by visuotactile neurons. On the other hand, our results speak in favor of visuo-proprioceptive neuronal populations being a driving trigger in full body ownership illusions. PMID:25309383

  15. 29 CFR 779.222 - Ownership as factor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... example, a parent corporation may operate a chain of retail or service establishments which, for business... single business organization under the “common control” of the parent corporation so long as they are related activities performed for a common business purpose. The common ownership in such cases provides...

  16. 77 FR 24452 - Foreign Ownership Policies

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-24

    ... Ownership Policies AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: In this... policies and procedures that apply to foreign ownership of common carrier radio station licensees pursuant..., www.bcpiweb.com ; telephone: (800) 378-3160, fax: (202) 488-5563; (2) James Ball, Chief, Policy...

  17. 78 FR 44028 - Review of Foreign Ownership Policies for Common Carrier and Aeronautical Radio Licensees

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-23

    ... Foreign Ownership Policies for Common Carrier and Aeronautical Radio Licensees AGENCY: Federal... route and aeronautical fixed radio station licensees. DATES: Effective on August 9, 2013. FOR FURTHER... following corrections are made: Subpart F--Wireless Radio Services Applications and Proceedings [Corrected...

  18. 24 CFR 5.309 - Prohibition against discrimination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... Urban Development GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons... any tenant of such housing from owning common household pets or having such pets living in the tenant..., or continued occupancy of, such housing by reason of the person's ownership of common household pets...

  19. 24 CFR 5.309 - Prohibition against discrimination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Urban Development GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons... any tenant of such housing from owning common household pets or having such pets living in the tenant..., or continued occupancy of, such housing by reason of the person's ownership of common household pets...

  20. 24 CFR 5.309 - Prohibition against discrimination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... Urban Development GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons... any tenant of such housing from owning common household pets or having such pets living in the tenant..., or continued occupancy of, such housing by reason of the person's ownership of common household pets...

  1. 24 CFR 5.309 - Prohibition against discrimination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Urban Development GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons... any tenant of such housing from owning common household pets or having such pets living in the tenant..., or continued occupancy of, such housing by reason of the person's ownership of common household pets...

  2. 24 CFR 5.309 - Prohibition against discrimination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... Urban Development GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons... any tenant of such housing from owning common household pets or having such pets living in the tenant..., or continued occupancy of, such housing by reason of the person's ownership of common household pets...

  3. Government Ownership Restrictions and Efficiency: The Case of the FCC's Dupoply Rule.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Anderson, Keith B.; Woodbury, John R.

    Recently the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has been considering modifications to its regulations governing local and national media ownership and has indicated more interest in the efficiency consequences of the regulations, including those that might arise from common ownership of multiple radio stations. This paper seeks to determine…

  4. 78 FR 3060 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC Notice; of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-15

    ... Pilot Options which either adds or removes liquidity.\\7\\ \\4\\ For a detailed description of the ISP, see... immediate effectiveness); and 63628 (January 3, 2011), 76 FR 1201 (January 7, 2011) (NASDAQ- 2010-154.... Common ownership is defined as 75 percent common ownership or control. \\7\\ See the Exchange's Rules at...

  5. 42 CFR 417.576 - Final settlement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... end of each contract period, unless CMS extends the period for good cause shown by the HMO or CMP. (2... by common ownership or control; and (B) For reports for cost-reporting periods that begin on or after... CMP or related to the HMO or CMP by common ownership or control and that provides services to the HMO...

  6. 36 CFR 13.104 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... definitions apply to this subpart: Cabin means a small, usually one-story dwelling of simple construction... claimant or of the claimant's spouse. Possessory interest means the partial or total ownership of a cabin...

  7. 26 CFR 1.1042-1T - Questions and answers relating to the sales of stock to employee stock ownership plans or certain...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... stock to employee stock ownership plans or certain cooperatives (temporary). 1.1042-1T Section 1.1042-1T...) INCOME TAXES Common Nontaxable Exchanges § 1.1042-1T Questions and answers relating to the sales of stock to employee stock ownership plans or certain cooperatives (temporary). Q-1: What does section 1042...

  8. Reasons People Surrender Unowned and Owned Cats to Australian Animal Shelters and Barriers to Assuming Ownership of Unowned Cats.

    PubMed

    Zito, Sarah; Morton, John; Vankan, Dianne; Paterson, Mandy; Bennett, Pauleen C; Rand, Jacquie; Phillips, Clive J C

    2016-01-01

    Most cats surrendered to nonhuman animal shelters are identified as unowned, and the surrender reason for these cats is usually simply recorded as "stray." A cross-sectional study was conducted with people surrendering cats to 4 Australian animal shelters. Surrenderers of unowned cats commonly gave surrender reasons relating to concern for the cat and his/her welfare. Seventeen percent of noncaregivers had considered adopting the cat. Barriers to assuming ownership most commonly related to responsible ownership concerns. Unwanted kittens commonly contributed to the decision to surrender for both caregivers and noncaregivers. Nonowners gave more surrender reasons than owners, although many owners also gave multiple surrender reasons. These findings highlight the multifactorial nature of the decision-making process leading to surrender and demonstrate that recording only one reason for surrender does not capture the complexity of the surrender decision. Collecting information about multiple reasons for surrender, particularly reasons for surrender of unowned cats and barriers to assuming ownership, could help to develop strategies to reduce the number of cats surrendered.

  9. The body fades away: investigating the effects of transparency of an embodied virtual body on pain threshold and body ownership.

    PubMed

    Martini, Matteo; Kilteni, Konstantina; Maselli, Antonella; Sanchez-Vives, Maria V

    2015-09-29

    The feeling of "ownership" over an external dummy/virtual body (or body part) has been proven to have both physiological and behavioural consequences. For instance, the vision of an "embodied" dummy or virtual body can modulate pain perception. However, the impact of partial or total invisibility of the body on physiology and behaviour has been hardly explored since it presents obvious difficulties in the real world. In this study we explored how body transparency affects both body ownership and pain threshold. By means of virtual reality, we presented healthy participants with a virtual co-located body with four different levels of transparency, while participants were tested for pain threshold by increasing ramps of heat stimulation. We found that the strength of the body ownership illusion decreases when the body gets more transparent. Nevertheless, in the conditions where the body was semi-transparent, higher levels of ownership over a see-through body resulted in an increased pain sensitivity. Virtual body ownership can be used for the development of pain management interventions. However, we demonstrate that providing invisibility of the body does not increase pain threshold. Therefore, body transparency is not a good strategy to decrease pain in clinical contexts, yet this remains to be tested.

  10. Exploring the link between clinical managers involvement in budgeting and performance: Insights from the Italian public health care sector.

    PubMed

    Macinati, Manuela S; Rizzo, Marco G

    2016-01-01

    The public health care sector has had an increase in initiatives, mostly inspired by New Public Management principles, aimed at assigning financial accountability to clinical managers. However, clinical managers might experience a scarce alignment between professional values and organizational requirements, which is a potentially important phenomena that may result in negative consequences on clinical managers' job performance. Building on Psychological Ownership Theory and adopting a psychology-based management accounting research approach, we focus on the managerial (nonmedical) role the clinical manager fulfills and explore the budgetary participation-performance link via the indirect effects of job-based psychological ownership, role clarity, and clinical managers' affective commitment toward managerial roles. The data were collected by a survey conducted in an Italian hospital. The research hypotheses were tested employing a path model. Our study revealed new insights that shed some light on underexplored processes through which mental states mediate the participation-performance link. Among these latter, the findings demonstrate that (a) budgetary participation has a direct effect on job-based psychological ownership; (b) role clarity mediates participation- and job-based psychological ownership link; (c) role clarity and job-based psychological ownership partially mediate the participation-commitment link; and (d) job-based psychological ownership, role clarity, and commitment fully mediate the participation-performance link. From a managerial viewpoint, an understanding of how clinical managers' feelings of ownership toward managerial roles could be enhanced is imperative in health care because ownership accounts for important attitudinal and organizational consequences. Results suggest that health care organizations that invest in budgetary participation will directly and indirectly affect clinical managers' psychological ownership, and this, along with role clarity, motivates clinical managers' managerial work attitudes and performance.

  11. Cost of ownership for military cargo aircraft using a common versus disparate display configuration

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Desjardins, Daniel D.; Most, Marvin C.

    2010-04-01

    A 2009 paper considered possibilities for applying a common display suite to various front-line bubble canopy fighters, whereas further research suggests the cost savings, post Milestone C production/deployment, might not be advantageous. The situation for military cargo and tanker aircraft, may offer a different paradigm. The primary objective of Defense acquisition is to acquire quality products that satisfy user needs with measurable improvements to mission capability and operational support, in a timely manner, and at a fair and reasonable price. DODD 5000.01 specifies that all participants in the acquisition system shall recognize the reality of fiscal constraints, viewing cost as an independent variable. DoD Components must therefore plan programs based on realistic projections of the dollars and manpower likely to be available in future years and also identify the total costs of ownership, as well as the major drivers of total ownership costs. In theory, therefore, this has already been done for existing cargo/tanker aircraft programs accommodating independent, disparate display suites. This paper goes beyond that stage by exploring total costs of ownership for a hypothetical common approach to cargo/tanker display avionics, bounded by looking at a limited number of such aircraft, e.g., C-5, C-17, C-130H (variants), and C-130J. It is the purpose of this paper to reveal whether there are total cost of ownership advantages for a common approach over and above the existing disparate approach. Aside from cost issues, other considerations, i.e., availability and supportability, may also be analyzed.

  12. Does dog or cat ownership lead to increased gastroenteritis in young children in South Australia?

    PubMed

    Heyworth, J S; Cutt, H; Glonek, G

    2006-10-01

    The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dog and cat ownership and gastroenteritis in young children. A diary study of 965 children aged 4-6 years living in rural or semi-rural South Australia was undertaken. Data were collected on pet ownership, drinking water and other risk factors for gastroenteritis. Overall 89% of households had pets and dog ownership was more common than cat ownership. The multivariable models for gastroenteritis and pet ownership indicated that living in a household with a dog or cat was associated with a reduced risk of gastroenteritis (adj. OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.55-0.92; OR 0.70, % CI 0.51-0.97 respectively). This paper adds to the evidence that pets are not a major source of gastroenteritis in the home and lends support to the health benefits of pet ownership. However, this must be weighed against the potential negative consequences, such as dog bites, particularly for this age group.

  13. Potential International Approaches to Ownership/Control of Human Genetic Resources.

    PubMed

    Rhodes, Catherine

    2016-09-01

    In its governance activities for genetic resources, the international community has adopted various approaches to their ownership, including: free access; common heritage of mankind; intellectual property rights; and state sovereign rights. They have also created systems which combine elements of these approaches. While governance of plant and animal genetic resources is well-established internationally, there has not yet been a clear approach selected for human genetic resources. Based on assessment of the goals which international governance of human genetic resources ought to serve, and the implications for how they will be accessed and utilised, it is argued that common heritage of mankind will be the most appropriate approach to adopt to their ownership/control. It does this with the aim of stimulating discussion in this area and providing a starting point for deeper consideration of how a common heritage of mankind, or similar, regime for human genetic resources would function and be implemented.

  14. 29 CFR 1471.905 - Affiliate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... limited to— (a) Interlocking management or ownership; (b) Identity of interests among family members; (c) Shared facilities and equipment; (d) Common use of employees; or (e) A business entity which has been organized following the exclusion of a person which has the same or similar management, ownership, or...

  15. Is childhood cat ownership a risk factor for schizophrenia later in life?

    PubMed

    Fuller Torrey, E; Simmons, Wendy; Yolken, Robert H

    2015-06-01

    Two previous studies suggested that childhood cat ownership is a possible risk factor for later developing schizophrenia or other serious mental illness. We therefore used an earlier, large NAMI questionnaire to try and replicate this finding. The results were the same, suggesting that cat ownership in childhood is significantly more common in families in which the child later becomes seriously mentally ill. If true, an explanatory mechanism may be Toxoplasma gondii. We urge our colleagues to try and replicate these findings to clarify whether childhood cat ownership is truly a risk factor for later schizophrenia. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  16. The evolution of respect for property.

    PubMed

    Sherratt, T N; Mesterton-Gibbons, M

    2015-06-01

    Although possession is 'nine-tenths of the law', respect for ownership is widespread in the animal kingdom even without third-party enforcement. Thus, the first individuals to find objects are frequently left unchallenged by potential competitors and tend to win contests when disputes arise. Game theory has shown that respect for ownership ('Bourgeois' behaviour) can arise as an arbitrary convention to avoid costly disputes. However, the same theory predicts that a paradoxical respect for lack of ownership ('anti-Bourgeois' behaviour) can evolve under the same conditions and in some cases is the only stable outcome. Despite these predictions, anti-Bourgeois behaviour is rare in nature, whereas respect for ownership is frequently not absolute. Here, we review extensions of the classic models involving repeated interactions, confusion over roles, strategic coordination of behaviour ('secret handshakes'), owner-intruder asymmetries and continuous control of fighting investment. Confusion over roles and owner-intruder asymmetries in fighting ability may explain why respect for ownership is often partial. Moreover, although most model extensions facilitate the evolution of Bourgeois-like behaviour, secret handshakes and continuous control of fighting investment render the alternative anti-Bourgeois convention unstable. We develop these insights to highlight several key areas for future investigation. © 2015 European Society For Evolutionary Biology. Journal of Evolutionary Biology © 2015 European Society For Evolutionary Biology.

  17. The body fades away: investigating the effects of transparency of an embodied virtual body on pain threshold and body ownership

    PubMed Central

    Martini, Matteo; Kilteni, Konstantina; Maselli, Antonella; Sanchez-Vives, Maria V.

    2015-01-01

    The feeling of “ownership” over an external dummy/virtual body (or body part) has been proven to have both physiological and behavioural consequences. For instance, the vision of an “embodied” dummy or virtual body can modulate pain perception. However, the impact of partial or total invisibility of the body on physiology and behaviour has been hardly explored since it presents obvious difficulties in the real world. In this study we explored how body transparency affects both body ownership and pain threshold. By means of virtual reality, we presented healthy participants with a virtual co-located body with four different levels of transparency, while participants were tested for pain threshold by increasing ramps of heat stimulation. We found that the strength of the body ownership illusion decreases when the body gets more transparent. Nevertheless, in the conditions where the body was semi-transparent, higher levels of ownership over a see-through body resulted in an increased pain sensitivity. Virtual body ownership can be used for the development of pain management interventions. However, we demonstrate that providing invisibility of the body does not increase pain threshold. Therefore, body transparency is not a good strategy to decrease pain in clinical contexts, yet this remains to be tested. PMID:26415748

  18. 24 CFR 5.359 - Housing programs: Rejection of units by applicants for tenancy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Secretary, Department of Housing and Urban Development GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons With Disabilities Pet Ownership Requirements for Housing Programs § 5... a common household pet. An applicant's rejection of a unit under this section shall not adversely...

  19. 24 CFR 5.359 - Housing programs: Rejection of units by applicants for tenancy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Secretary, Department of Housing and Urban Development GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons With Disabilities Pet Ownership Requirements for Housing Programs § 5... a common household pet. An applicant's rejection of a unit under this section shall not adversely...

  20. 24 CFR 5.359 - Housing programs: Rejection of units by applicants for tenancy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... Secretary, Department of Housing and Urban Development GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons With Disabilities Pet Ownership Requirements for Housing Programs § 5... a common household pet. An applicant's rejection of a unit under this section shall not adversely...

  1. 24 CFR 5.359 - Housing programs: Rejection of units by applicants for tenancy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... Secretary, Department of Housing and Urban Development GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons With Disabilities Pet Ownership Requirements for Housing Programs § 5... a common household pet. An applicant's rejection of a unit under this section shall not adversely...

  2. 24 CFR 5.359 - Housing programs: Rejection of units by applicants for tenancy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... Secretary, Department of Housing and Urban Development GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons With Disabilities Pet Ownership Requirements for Housing Programs § 5... a common household pet. An applicant's rejection of a unit under this section shall not adversely...

  3. 47 CFR 63.18 - Contents of applications for international common carriers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... more of the following statements, as pertinent: (1) Global facilities-based authority. If applying for... this part. (2) Global Resale Authority. If applying for authority to resell the international services... ownership percentages for each link in the vertical ownership chain and application of the relevant...

  4. Firearm ownership among American veterans: findings from the 2015 National Firearm Survey.

    PubMed

    Cleveland, Emily C; Azrael, Deborah; Simonetti, Joseph A; Miller, Matthew

    2017-12-19

    While the majority of veteran suicides involve firearms, no contemporary data describing firearm ownership among US veterans are available. This study uses survey data to describe the prevalence of firearm ownership among a nationally representative sample of veterans, as well as veterans' reasons for firearm ownership. A cross-sectional, nationally representative web-based survey conducted in 2015. Nearly half of all veterans own one or more firearms (44.9%, 95% CI 41.3-48.6%), with male veterans more commonly owning firearms than do female veterans (47.2%, 95% CI 43.4-51.0% versus 24.4%, 95%CI 15.6-36.1%). Most veteran firearm owners own both handguns and long guns (56.5%, 95% CI 51.1-61.8%); a majority cite protection as a primary reason for firearm ownership (63.1%, 95% CI 58.2-67.8%). The current study is the first to provide detailed, nationally representative information about firearm ownership among U.S. veterans. Better understanding firearm ownership among veterans can usefully inform ongoing suicide prevention efforts aiming to facilitate lethal means safety among vulnerable veterans during at-risk periods.

  5. Strategies for delivering insecticide-treated nets at scale for malaria control: a systematic review

    PubMed Central

    Paintain, Lucy Smith; Mangham, Lindsay; Car, Josip; Schellenberg, Joanna Armstrong

    2012-01-01

    Abstract Objective To synthesize findings from recent studies of strategies to deliver insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) at scale in malaria-endemic areas. Methods Databases were searched for studies published between January 2000 and December 2010 in which: subjects resided in areas with endemicity for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria; ITN delivery at scale was evaluated; ITN ownership among households, receipt by pregnant women and/or use among children aged < 5 years was evaluated; and the study design was an individual or cluster-randomized controlled design, nonrandomized, quasi-experimental, before-and-after, interrupted time series or cross-sectional without temporal or geographical controls. Papers describing qualitative studies, case studies, process evaluations and cost-effectiveness studies linked to an eligible paper were also included. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias checklist and GRADE criteria. Important influences on scaling up were identified and assessed across delivery strategies. Findings A total of 32 papers describing 20 African studies were reviewed. Many delivery strategies involved health sectors and retail outlets (partial subsidy), antenatal care clinics (full subsidy) and campaigns (full subsidy). Strategies achieving high ownership among households and use among children < 5 delivered ITNs free through campaigns. Costs were largely comparable across strategies; ITNs were the main cost. Cost-effectiveness estimates were most sensitive to the assumed net lifespan and leakage. Common barriers to delivery included cost, stock-outs and poor logistics. Common facilitators were staff training and supervision, cooperation across departments or ministries and stakeholder involvement. Conclusion There is a broad taxonomy of strategies for delivering ITNs at scale. PMID:22984312

  6. Fulfilling the Dream of Home Ownership

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Braswell, Gail; Sufficool, Mary Jane

    2009-01-01

    Imagine a neighborhood where residents share ownership of all the common areas but privately own their residence. Imagine these residents are a diverse group of individuals of various income levels, abilities, ages, and ethnic backgrounds. Imagine that this unique group of people has planned activities and look out for each other like an extended…

  7. JPRS Report, China.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-08-22

    the opposite is true. This is a special method of excercising the property ownership rights of a commodity owner. A popular conception is that...a partial or full loss of the ability to work, or during pregnancy , childbirth or nursing, or those who make a mistake on the job which does not

  8. The association between ownership of common household devices and obesity and diabetes in high, middle and low income countries

    PubMed Central

    Lear, Scott A.; Teo, Koon; Gasevic, Danijela; Zhang, Xiaohe; Poirier, Paul P.; Rangarajan, Sumathy; Seron, Pamela; Kelishadi, Roya; Tamil, Azmi Mohd; Kruger, Annamarie; Iqbal, Romaina; Swidan, Hani; Gómez-Arbeláez, Diego; Yusuf, Rita; Chifamba, Jephat; Kutty, V. Raman; Karsidag, Kubilay; Kumar, Rajesh; Li, Wei; Szuba, Andrzej; Avezum, Alvaro; Diaz, Rafael; Anand, Sonia S.; Rosengren, Annika; Yusuf, Salim

    2014-01-01

    Background: Household devices (e.g., television, car, computer) are common in high income countries, and their use has been linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We hypothesized that device ownership is associated with obesity and diabetes and that these effects are explained through reduced physical activity, increased sitting time and increased energy intake. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study involving 153 996 adults from high, upper-middle, lower-middle and low income countries. We used multilevel regression models to account for clustering at the community and country levels. Results: Ownership of a household device increased from low to high income countries (4% to 83% for all 3 devices) and was associated with decreased physical activity and increased sitting, dietary energy intake, body mass index and waist circumference. There was an increased odds of obesity and diabetes with the ownership of any 1 household device compared to no device ownership (obesity: odds ratio [OR] 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32–1.55; diabetes: OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.28–1.50). Ownership of a second device increased the odds further but ownership of a third device did not. Subsequent adjustment for lifestyle factors modestly attenuated these associations. Of the 3 devices, ownership of a television had the strongest association with obesity (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.29–1.49) and diabetes (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.23–1.44). When stratified by country income level, the odds of obesity and diabetes when owning all 3 devices was greatest in low income countries (obesity: OR 3.15, 95% CI 2.33–4.25; diabetes: OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.53–2.53) and decreased through country income levels such that we did not detect an association in high income countries. Interpretation: The ownership of household devices increased the likelihood of obesity and diabetes, and this was mediated in part by effects on physical activity, sitting time and dietary energy intake. With increasing ownership of household devices in developing countries, societal interventions are needed to mitigate their effects on poor health. PMID:24516093

  9. Measures of Disadvantage: Is Car Ownership a Good Indicator?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Johnson, Victoria; Currie, Graham; Stanley, Janet

    2010-01-01

    A need to better understand the multidimensional nature of disadvantage is leading to the adoption of a wider range of measurement variables. One variable now commonly adopted is zero car ownership. This paper challenges the logic of including "not having a car" as an indicator of disadvantage. It argues that this can distort the real picture of…

  10. Impacts on South Carolina timber production over the last five decades.

    Treesearch

    Jinglong Mo; Thomas Straka; Richard Harper

    2013-01-01

    Timberland ownership patterns and national forest timber harvesting policy have undergone significant changes in South Carolina over the past five decades. Timber output studies for the state commonly focused on short time frames and seldom addressed timberland ownership patterns in detail. We describe fifty-year timber output for South Carolina, allowing us to address...

  11. Land and federal mineral ownership coverage for the Uinta Basin, Wasatch Plateau and surrounding areas, northeastern Utah

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Biewick, L.H.; Green, G.A.

    1999-01-01

    This Arc/Info coverage contains land status and Federal and State mineral ownership for approximately 25,900 square miles in northeastern Utah. The polygon coverage (which is also provided here as a shapefile) contains three attributes of ownership information for each polygon. One attribute indicates whether the surface is State owned, privately owned, consists of Tribal and Indian lands, or, if Federally owned, which Federal agency manages the land surface. Another attribute indicates where the Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration (SITLA) maintains full or partial subsurface mineral rights. The third attribute indicates which energy minerals, if any, are owned by the Federal govenment. This coverage is based on land management status and Federal and State mineral ownership data compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the former U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM), and the Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration at a scale of 1:100,000. This coverage was compiled primarily to serve the USGS National Oil and Gas Resource Assessment Project in the Uinta-Piceance Basin Province and the USGS National Coal Resource Assessment Project in the Colorado Plateau.

  12. Trade-offs and synergies between carbon storage and livelihood benefits from forest commons.

    PubMed

    Chhatre, Ashwini; Agrawal, Arun

    2009-10-20

    Forests provide multiple benefits at local to global scales. These include the global public good of carbon sequestration and local and national level contributions to livelihoods for more than half a billion users. Forest commons are a particularly important class of forests generating these multiple benefits. Institutional arrangements to govern forest commons are believed to substantially influence carbon storage and livelihood contributions, especially when they incorporate local knowledge and decentralized decision making. However, hypothesized relationships between institutional factors and multiple benefits have never been tested on data from multiple countries. By using original data on 80 forest commons in 10 countries across Asia, Africa, and Latin America, we show that larger forest size and greater rule-making autonomy at the local level are associated with high carbon storage and livelihood benefits; differences in ownership of forest commons are associated with trade-offs between livelihood benefits and carbon storage. We argue that local communities restrict their consumption of forest products when they own forest commons, thereby increasing carbon storage. In showing rule-making autonomy and ownership as distinct and important institutional influences on forest outcomes, our results are directly relevant to international climate change mitigation initiatives such as Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) and avoided deforestation. Transfer of ownership over larger forest commons patches to local communities, coupled with payments for improved carbon storage can contribute to climate change mitigation without adversely affecting local livelihoods.

  13. 26 CFR 1.1502-92 - Ownership change of a loss group or a loss subgroup.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... stock. The P group has a consolidated net operating loss arising in Year 1 that is carried over to Year... L loss group is treated as remaining in existence, with P taking the place of L as the new common... 5-percent shareholder that has increased his ownership interest in P during the testing period (from...

  14. Children's judgments about ownership rights and body rights: Evidence for a common basis.

    PubMed

    Van de Vondervoort, Julia W; Meinz, Paul; Friedman, Ori

    2017-03-01

    We report two experiments supporting the theory that children's understanding of ownership rights is related to their notions of body rights. Experiment 1 investigated 4- to 7-year-olds' (N=123) developing sensitivity to physical contact in their judgments about the acceptability of behaving in relation to owned objects and body parts. Experiment 2 used a simpler design to investigate this in 3- and 4-year-olds (N=112). Findings confirmed two predictions of the theory. First, in both experiments, children's judgments about ownership and body rights were similarly affected by physical contact. Second, judgments about both kinds of rights were yoked in development; age-related changes in judgments about ownership rights were paralleled by changes in judgments about body rights. Our findings have additional import for theories of ownership rights because they suggest that physical contact may be a crucial factor in whether behaviors targeting property are judged to be permissible. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  15. Worker Participation--Productivity and the Quality of Work Life. Worldwatch Paper 25.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stokes, Bruce

    The world economic situation is beset by growing worker dissatisfaction, slowing economic growth, and rising energy and resource costs. A partial solution to these problems may be worker participation in management and ownership. As production has become more dehumanized and workers have become increasingly dissatisfied and alienated, the quality…

  16. Drug interaction databases in medical literature: transparency of ownership, funding, classification algorithms, level of documentation, and staff qualifications. A systematic review.

    PubMed

    Kongsholm, Gertrud Gansmo; Nielsen, Anna Katrine Toft; Damkier, Per

    2015-11-01

    It is well documented that drug-drug interaction databases (DIDs) differ substantially with respect to classification of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). The aim of this study was to study online available transparency of ownership, funding, information, classifications, staff training, and underlying documentation of the five most commonly used open access English language-based online DIDs and the three most commonly used subscription English language-based online DIDs in the literature. We conducted a systematic literature search to identify the five most commonly used open access and the three most commonly used subscription DIDs in the medical literature. The following parameters were assessed for each of the databases: Ownership, classification of interactions, primary information sources, and staff qualification. We compared the overall proportion of yes/no answers from open access databases and subscription databases by Fisher's exact test-both prior to and after requesting missing information. Among open access DIDs, 20/60 items could be verified from the webpage directly compared to 24/36 for the subscription DIDs (p = 0.0028). Following personal request, these numbers rose to 22/60 and 30/36, respectively (p < 0.0001). For items within the "classification of interaction" domain, proportions were 3/25 versus 11/15 available from the webpage (P = 0.0001) and 3/25 versus 15/15 (p < 0.0001) available upon personal request. Available information on online available transparency of ownership, funding, information, classifications, staff training, and underlying documentation varies substantially among various DIDs. Open access DIDs had a statistically lower score on parameters assessed.

  17. Cat Ownership Perception and Caretaking Explored in an Internet Survey of People Associated with Cats

    PubMed Central

    Zito, Sarah; Vankan, Dianne

    2015-01-01

    People who feed cats that they do not perceive they own (sometimes called semi-owners) are thought to make a considerable contribution to unwanted cat numbers because the cats they support are generally not sterilized. Understanding people’s perception of cat ownership and the psychology underlying cat semi-ownership could inform approaches to mitigate the negative effects of cat semi-ownership. The primary aims of this study were to investigate cat ownership perception and to examine its association with human-cat interactions and caretaking behaviours. A secondary aim was to evaluate a definition of cat semi-ownership (including an association time of ≥1 month and frequent feeding), revised from a previous definition proposed in the literature to distinguish cat semi-ownership from casual interactions with unowned cats. Cat owners and semi-owners displayed similar types of interactions and caretaking behaviours. Nevertheless, caretaking behaviours were more commonly displayed towards owned cats than semi-owned cats, and semi-owned cats were more likely to have produced kittens (p<0.01). All interactions and caretaking behaviours were more likely to be displayed towards cats in semi-ownership relationships compared to casual interaction relationships. Determinants of cat ownership perception were identified (p<0.05) and included association time, attachment, perceived cat friendliness and health, and feelings about unowned cats, including the acceptability of feeding unowned cats. Encouraging semi-owners to have the cats they care for sterilized may assist in reducing the number of unwanted kittens and could be a valuable alternative to trying to prevent semi-ownership entirely. Highly accessible semi-owner “gatekeepers” could help to deliver education messages and facilitate the provision of cat sterilization services to semi-owners. This research enabled semi-ownership to be distinguished from casual interaction relationships and can assist welfare and government agencies to identify cat semi-owners in order to develop strategies to address this source of unwanted cats. PMID:26218243

  18. Is ownership the decisive factor in collaborations between occupational health services and client companies?

    PubMed

    Schmidt, Lisa; Sjöström, John; Antonsson, Ann-Beth

    2017-01-01

    Swedish employers are required to use external resources such as Occupational Health Services (OHS providers) if their own knowledge of occupational health and safety is insufficient. Some large employers have their own in-house OHS units but it is more common to engage the services of an external provider. However, no studies have been carried out from a critical perspective regarding how ownership of the OHS provider is related to a successful collaboration with client companies. This study explores the extent to which the six key factors for a successful collaboration are related to ownership and seeks to identify the challenges that the different models of ownership pose. Interviews with 15 client companies and their OHS providers were conducted in order to identify key factors in achieving a successful collaboration with an OHS provider. This study utilizes existing data to identify challenges related to ownership. Two key factors were identified with challenges related to ownership of the OHS provider: The importance of having a long-term perspective when building a relationship; and ensuring that collaboration extends beyond the client's HR Department to the various organisational levels of the company. Whatever form the ownership of an OHS provider may take, each comes with its own specific set of challenges that must be managed in order to achieve a successful collaboration with the client company.

  19. 26 CFR 1.1502-92A - Ownership change of a loss group or a loss subgroup generally applicable for testing dates before...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... in Year 1 that is carried over to Year 2. On September 9, Year 2, P sells 51 percent of the L stock... loss group is treated as remaining in existence, with P taking the place of L as the new common parent... 5-percent shareholder that has increased his ownership interest in P during the testing period (from...

  20. Looking Māori Predicts Decreased Rates of Home Ownership: Institutional Racism in Housing Based on Perceived Appearance

    PubMed Central

    2015-01-01

    This study examined differences in rates of home ownership among Māori (the indigenous peoples of New Zealand). We identified systematic factors that predicted why some Māori were more likely to own their own home (partially or fully) relative to other Māori. Data were drawn from a large national postal sample of 561 self-identified Māori collected as part of the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study. As predicted, our analyses indicated that self-reported appearance as Māori, or the extent to which people thought they personally displayed features which visibly identified them as Māori to others, significantly predicted decreased rates of home ownership. This association held when adjusting for numerous demographic covariates, such as education, level of deprivation of the immediate area, household income, age, relationship status, region of residence, and so forth. Our analyses suggest there is, or at least has been in the recent past, institutional racism against Māori in New Zealand’s home lending industry based on merely appearing more Māori. PMID:25738961

  1. Looking Māori predicts decreased rates of home ownership: institutional racism in housing based on perceived appearance.

    PubMed

    Houkamau, Carla A; Sibley, Chris G

    2015-01-01

    This study examined differences in rates of home ownership among Māori (the indigenous peoples of New Zealand). We identified systematic factors that predicted why some Māori were more likely to own their own home (partially or fully) relative to other Māori. Data were drawn from a large national postal sample of 561 self-identified Māori collected as part of the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study. As predicted, our analyses indicated that self-reported appearance as Māori, or the extent to which people thought they personally displayed features which visibly identified them as Māori to others, significantly predicted decreased rates of home ownership. This association held when adjusting for numerous demographic covariates, such as education, level of deprivation of the immediate area, household income, age, relationship status, region of residence, and so forth. Our analyses suggest there is, or at least has been in the recent past, institutional racism against Māori in New Zealand's home lending industry based on merely appearing more Māori.

  2. 24 CFR 5.324 - Implementation of lease provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... Urban Development GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons... with any applicable regulation; and (2) When a Housing program tenant registers a common household pet... a common household pet in his or her unit. ...

  3. 24 CFR 5.324 - Implementation of lease provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... Urban Development GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons... with any applicable regulation; and (2) When a Housing program tenant registers a common household pet... a common household pet in his or her unit. ...

  4. 24 CFR 5.324 - Implementation of lease provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Urban Development GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons... with any applicable regulation; and (2) When a Housing program tenant registers a common household pet... a common household pet in his or her unit. ...

  5. 24 CFR 5.324 - Implementation of lease provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Urban Development GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons... with any applicable regulation; and (2) When a Housing program tenant registers a common household pet... a common household pet in his or her unit. ...

  6. 24 CFR 5.324 - Implementation of lease provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... Urban Development GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons... with any applicable regulation; and (2) When a Housing program tenant registers a common household pet... a common household pet in his or her unit. ...

  7. Community Crowd-Funded Solar Finance

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jagerson, Gordon "Ty"

    The award supported the demonstration and development of the Village Power Platform, which enables community organizations to more readily develop, finance and operate solar installations on local community organizations. The platform enables partial or complete local ownership of the solar installation. The award specifically supported key features including financial modeling tools, community communications tools, crowdfunding mechanisms, a mobile app, and other critical features.

  8. 24 CFR Appendix II to Subpart B of... - Homebuyers Ownership Opportunity Agreement (Turnkey III)

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Association in keeping and maintaining the common area and property, including fixtures and equipment, in good... undivided interest in all common areas and property (herein called the “Home”) located in the... description of location of Home, including rights with respect to common areas and property, and making...

  9. 12 CFR 222.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., general or limited partnership, association, or similar organization. (e) Consumer means an individual. (f)-(h) [Reserved] (i) Common ownership or common corporate control means a relationship between two... over the management or policies of a company, as the Board determines; or (2) Any other person has...

  10. Examining the association between livestock ownership typologies and child nutrition in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia

    PubMed Central

    Kassa, Lea; Young, Sera L.; Travis, Alexander J.

    2018-01-01

    Objective To investigate the association between livestock ownership and dietary diversity, animal-source food consumption, height-for-age z-score, and stunting among children living in wildlife “buffer zones” of Zambia’s Luangwa Valley using a novel livestock typology approach. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 838 children aged 6–36 months. Households were categorized into typologies based on the types and numbers of animals owned, ranging from no livestock to large numbers of mixed livestock. We used multilevel mixed-effects linear and logistic regression to examine the association between livestock typologies and four nutrition-related outcomes of interest. Results were compared with analyses using more common binary and count measures of livestock ownership. Results No measure of livestock ownership was significantly associated with children’s odds of animal-source food consumption, child height-for-age z-score, or stunting odds. Livestock ownership Type 2 (having a small number of poultry) was surprisingly associated with decreased child dietary diversity (β = -0.477; p<0.01) relative to owning no livestock. Similarly, in comparison models, chicken ownership was negatively associated with dietary diversity (β = -0.320; p<0.01), but increasing numbers of chickens were positively associated with dietary diversity (β = 0.022; p<0.01). Notably, neither child dietary diversity nor animal-source food consumption was significantly associated with height, perhaps due to unusually high prevalences of morbidities. Conclusions Our novel typologies methodology allowed for an efficient and a more in-depth examination of the differential impact of livestock ownership patterns compared to typical binary or count measures of livestock ownership. We found that these patterns were not positively associated with child nutrition outcomes in this context. Development and conservation programs focusing on livestock must carefully consider the complex, context-specific relationship between livestock ownership and nutrition outcomes–including how livestock are utilized by the target population–when attempting to use livestock as a means of improving child nutrition. PMID:29408920

  11. Examining the association between livestock ownership typologies and child nutrition in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia.

    PubMed

    Dumas, Sarah E; Kassa, Lea; Young, Sera L; Travis, Alexander J

    2018-01-01

    To investigate the association between livestock ownership and dietary diversity, animal-source food consumption, height-for-age z-score, and stunting among children living in wildlife "buffer zones" of Zambia's Luangwa Valley using a novel livestock typology approach. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 838 children aged 6-36 months. Households were categorized into typologies based on the types and numbers of animals owned, ranging from no livestock to large numbers of mixed livestock. We used multilevel mixed-effects linear and logistic regression to examine the association between livestock typologies and four nutrition-related outcomes of interest. Results were compared with analyses using more common binary and count measures of livestock ownership. No measure of livestock ownership was significantly associated with children's odds of animal-source food consumption, child height-for-age z-score, or stunting odds. Livestock ownership Type 2 (having a small number of poultry) was surprisingly associated with decreased child dietary diversity (β = -0.477; p<0.01) relative to owning no livestock. Similarly, in comparison models, chicken ownership was negatively associated with dietary diversity (β = -0.320; p<0.01), but increasing numbers of chickens were positively associated with dietary diversity (β = 0.022; p<0.01). Notably, neither child dietary diversity nor animal-source food consumption was significantly associated with height, perhaps due to unusually high prevalences of morbidities. Our novel typologies methodology allowed for an efficient and a more in-depth examination of the differential impact of livestock ownership patterns compared to typical binary or count measures of livestock ownership. We found that these patterns were not positively associated with child nutrition outcomes in this context. Development and conservation programs focusing on livestock must carefully consider the complex, context-specific relationship between livestock ownership and nutrition outcomes-including how livestock are utilized by the target population-when attempting to use livestock as a means of improving child nutrition.

  12. 24 CFR 5.306 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons With Disabilities General Requirements § 5.306 Definitions. Common household pet means: (1) For purposes of Housing programs: A... traditionally kept in the home for pleasure rather than for commercial purposes. Common household pet does not...

  13. 24 CFR 5.306 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons With Disabilities General Requirements § 5.306 Definitions. Common household pet means: (1) For purposes of Housing programs: A... traditionally kept in the home for pleasure rather than for commercial purposes. Common household pet does not...

  14. 24 CFR 5.306 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons With Disabilities General Requirements § 5.306 Definitions. Common household pet means: (1) For purposes of Housing programs: A... traditionally kept in the home for pleasure rather than for commercial purposes. Common household pet does not...

  15. 26 CFR 1.469-4 - Definition of activity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... trade or business; or (iii) Involve research or experimental expenditures that are deductible under... or businesses; (ii) The extent of common control; (iii) The extent of common ownership; (iv... activities. Moreover, once C groups these activities into appropriate economic units, paragraph (e) of this...

  16. 26 CFR 1.469-4 - Definition of activity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... trade or business; or (iii) Involve research or experimental expenditures that are deductible under... or businesses; (ii) The extent of common control; (iii) The extent of common ownership; (iv... activities. Moreover, once C groups these activities into appropriate economic units, paragraph (e) of this...

  17. 26 CFR 1.469-4 - Definition of activity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... trade or business; or (iii) Involve research or experimental expenditures that are deductible under... or businesses; (ii) The extent of common control; (iii) The extent of common ownership; (iv... activities. Moreover, once C groups these activities into appropriate economic units, paragraph (e) of this...

  18. 26 CFR 1.469-4 - Definition of activity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... trade or business; or (iii) Involve research or experimental expenditures that are deductible under... or businesses; (ii) The extent of common control; (iii) The extent of common ownership; (iv... activities. Moreover, once C groups these activities into appropriate economic units, paragraph (e) of this...

  19. 12 CFR 41.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... similar organization. (e) Consumer means an individual. (f)-(h) [Reserved] (i) Common ownership or common corporate control means a relationship between two companies under which: (1) One company has, with respect... power to exercise, directly or indirectly, a controlling influence over the management or policies of a...

  20. 12 CFR 571.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... similar organization. (e) Consumer means an individual. (f)-(h) [Reserved] (i) Common ownership or common corporate control means a relationship between two companies under which: (1) One company has, with respect... power to exercise, directly or indirectly, a controlling influence over the management or policies of a...

  1. Demographic and psychosocial characteristics of mobile phone ownership and usage among youth living in the slums of Kampala, Uganda.

    PubMed

    Swahn, Monica H; Braunstein, Sarah; Kasirye, Rogers

    2014-08-01

    The use of mobile phones and other technology for improving health through research and practice is growing quickly, in particular in areas with difficult-to-reach population or where the research infrastructure is less developed. In Sub-Saharan Africa, there appears to be a dramatic increase in mobile phone ownership and new initiatives that capitalize on this technology to support health promotion campaigns to change behavior and to increase health literacy. However, the extent to which difficult-to-reach youth in the slums of Kampala may own and use mobile phones has not been reported despite the burden of injuries, substance use, and HIV that they face. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of mobile phone ownership and use in this high-risk population and to identify psychosocial characteristics that may differentiate those owning and using a phone from those who do not. We conducted secondary analyses of the Kampala Youth Survey (N=457). Data collection took place in 2011, and the survey was designed to quantify high-risk behaviors in a convenience sample of urban youth living on the streets or in the slums, 14-24 years of age, who were participating in a Uganda Youth Development Link drop-in center for disadvantaged street youth. We computed chi-square analyses to determine any significant differences in psychosocial characteristics based on phone ownership and use. Overall, 46.9% of youth reported owning a mobile phone and ownership did not vary by sex but was more common among youth older than 18 years of age. Mobile phone ownership was also more common among those who reported taking care of themselves at night, who reported current drug use and who reported trading sex for money, food or other things. Given that nearly half of the youth own and use phones daily, new research is needed to determine next steps for mobile health (mhealth), including the feasibility of using mobile phones for data collection and interventions with this hard-to-reach population. Moreover, this technology may also be suitable for injury-specific research given that there were few differences with respect to injury-related variables in mobile phone ownership and usage.

  2. 13 CFR 121.103 - How does SBA determine affiliation?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... directors or shareholders. (4) Affiliation may be found where an individual, concern, or entity exercises... the totality of the circumstances, and may find affiliation even though no single factor is sufficient... common ownership or common management. In addition, affiliation will not be found based upon the...

  3. 12 CFR 717.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... organization. (e) Consumer means an individual. (f)-(h) [Reserved] (i) Common ownership or common corporate control means a relationship between two companies under which: (1) One company has, with respect to the..., directly or indirectly, a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company, as the NCUA...

  4. 49 CFR 23.3 - What do the terms used in this part mean?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., including common ownership, common management, and contractual relationships. Affiliates must be considered... management and daily business operations are controlled by one or more of the socially and economically... an airport subject to this part, as long as the activities take place on the airport: Management...

  5. 76 FR 65472 - Review of Foreign Ownership Policies for Common Carrier and Aeronautical Radio Licensees

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-21

    ... market power in foreign telecommunications services or facilities into U.S. wireless markets. 9...--e.g., companies using wireless licenses to provide phone service--and of aeronautical en route and... burdens imposed on wireless common carrier and aeronautical applicants, licensees, and spectrum lessees...

  6. Factors associated with furry pet ownership among patients with asthma.

    PubMed

    Downes, Martin J; Roy, Angkana; McGinn, Thomas G; Wisnivesky, Juan P

    2010-09-01

    Exposure to indoor allergens is an established risk factor for poor asthma control. Current guidelines recommend removing pets from the home of patients with asthma. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of furry pet ownership in asthmatics compared to non-asthmatics and to identify factors associated with furry pet ownership among those with asthma. Secondary analysis assessed characteristics among asthmatics that might be associated with allowing a furry pet into the bedroom. Using data from The National Asthma Survey collected from 2003 to 2004, we carried out univariate and multiple regression analyses, in 2009, to identify independent predictors of furry pet ownership in asthma sufferers after controlling for potential confounders. Overall, asthmatics were more likely to own a furry pet than nonasthmatic individuals in the general population (49.9% versus 44.8%, p < .001). Multivariate analysis showed that female sex, older age, white race, and high income were independent predictors of furry pet ownership among asthmatics. Additionally, 68.7% of patients with asthma who own a furry pet allowed them into their bedroom. Higher income and carrying out < or =2 environmental control practices in the home were associated with increased likelihood of allowing a furry pet into the bedroom. Furry pet ownership is equally or more common among asthmatics compared to those without asthma. The majority of asthmatics with furry pets allow them into the bedroom. Recognizing and addressing these problems may help decrease asthma morbidity.

  7. Do motivation-related cognitions explain the relationship between perceptions of urban form and neighborhood walking?

    PubMed

    McCormack, Gavin R; Friedenreich, Christine M; Giles-Corti, Billie; Doyle-Baker, Patricia K; Shiell, Alan

    2013-09-01

    The built and social environments may contribute to physical activity motivations and behavior. We examined the extent to which the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) mediated the association between neighborhood walkability and walking. Two random cross-sectional samples (n = 4422 adults) completed telephone interviews capturing walking-related TPB variables (perceived behavioral control (PBC), attitudes, subjective norm, intention). Of those, 2006 completed a self-administered questionnaire capturing walkability, social support (friends, family, dog ownership), and neighborhood-based transportation (NTW) and recreational walking (NRW). The likelihood of undertaking 1) any vs. none and 2) sufficient vs. insufficient levels (≥150 vs. <150 minutes/week) of NTW and NWR, in relation to walkability, social support, and TPB was estimated. Any and sufficient NTW were associated with access to services, connectivity, residential density, not owning a dog (any NTW only), and friend and family support. Any and sufficient NRW were associated with neighborhood aesthetics (any NRW only), dog ownership, and friend and family support. PBC partially mediated the association between access to services and NTW (any and sufficient), while experiential attitudes partially mediated the association between neighborhood aesthetics and any NRW. Interventions that increase positive perceptions of the built environment may motivate adults to undertake more walking.

  8. Association between pet ownership and the sensitization to pet allergens in adults with various allergic diseases.

    PubMed

    Park, Yong-Bum; Mo, Eun-Kyung; Lee, Jae-Young; Kim, Joo-Hee; Kim, Cheol-Hong; Hyun, In-Gyu; Choi, Jeong-Hee

    2013-09-01

    As pet ownership increases, sensitization to animal allergens due to domestic exposure is a concern. Sensitization to animal allergens may occur from indirect exposure, as well as direct ownership of animals. However, there have been conflicting results regarding the association between pet ownership and sensitization to animal allergens in adults. In total, 401 patients with various allergic diseases were enrolled in this study. We performed skin prick tests with 55 common inhalant and food allergens, including dog, cat, and rabbit allergens. A mean wheal diameter of 3 mm or greater was considered a positive reaction. The exposure modality to each animal allergen was investigated using a questionnaire and included present ownership, past ownership, occupational exposure, occasional exposure, contact with pet owner, and no contact. Present ownership, past ownership, occupational, and occasional exposure were regarded as direct exposure. The sensitization rate for animal allergens was 20.4% for dog, 15.0% for cat, and 9.0% for rabbit. Direct exposure to dogs (72.0%) was significantly higher than that of other animals (18.4% for cats and 16.7% for rabbits), whereas 'no contact' with cats (78.3%) and rabbits (83.3%) was significantly higher than with dogs (26.8%; P<0.0001). Independent risk factors for sensitization to animal allergens were sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (OR=2.4, P=0.052), Dermatophagoides farinae (OR=5.1, P<0.001), cat (OR=4.4, P<0.0001), and direct exposure to dogs (OR=1.5, P=0.029) for dog, and sensitization to dog (OR=4.4, P<0.0001) and rabbit (OR=2.6, P=0.036) for cats. Finally, for rabbits, the independent risk factor was sensitization to Alternaria (OR=6.0, P<0.002). These results suggest that direct exposure to dogs contributes to the sensitization to dog allergens in patients with allergic diseases, whereas indirect exposure to cats and rabbits may induce sensitization to each animal's allergen.

  9. Prevalence and Correlates of Firearm Ownership in the Homes of Fifth Graders: Birmingham, AL, Houston, TX, and Los Angeles, CA

    PubMed Central

    Schwebel, David C.; Lewis, Terri; Simon, Thomas R.; Elliott, Marc N.; Toomey, Sara L.; Tortolero, Susan R.; Cuccaro, Paula M.; Schuster, Mark A.

    2015-01-01

    Firearms in the home are associated with increased injury risk, especially when loaded and unlocked. In this study, 5,010 fifth-graders and their caregivers in three U.S. metropolitan areas participated in the 2004-2006 Healthy Passages study on adolescent health. Firearm ownership and storage patterns were examined by four self-reported sociodemographic characteristics (child’s race/ethnicity, child’s gender, family socioeconomic status, and study site) and reasons for ownership. Eighteen percent (n = 880) of the families reported firearms in the home. Families with African American and Hispanic children had lower odds of owning firearms than families with non-Hispanic White children. The most common reasons for ownership were protection from crime and hunting. Six percent (n = 56) of the families with firearms stored at least one firearm unlocked, assembled, without a trigger lock, and with unlocked ammunition. Compared with families with non-Hispanic White children, families with African American children engaged in safer storage practices. Results can inform childhood firearm injury prevention activities. PMID:24419969

  10. Prevalence and Correlates of Firearm Ownership in the Homes of Fifth Graders: Birmingham, AL, Houston, TX, and Los Angeles, CA.

    PubMed

    Schwebel, David C; Lewis, Terri; Simon, Thomas R; Elliott, Marc N; Toomey, Sara L; Tortolero, Susan R; Cuccaro, Paula M; Schuster, Mark A

    2014-06-01

    Firearms in the home are associated with increased injury risk, especially when loaded and unlocked. In this study, 5,010 fifth-graders and their caregivers in three U.S. metropolitan areas participated in the 2004-2006 Healthy Passages study on adolescent health. Firearm ownership and storage patterns were examined by four self-reported sociodemographic characteristics (child's race/ethnicity, child's gender, family socioeconomic status, and study site) and reasons for ownership. Eighteen percent (n = 880) of the families reported firearms in the home. Families with African American and Hispanic children had lower odds of owning firearms than families with non-Hispanic White children. The most common reasons for ownership were protection from crime and hunting. Six percent (n = 56) of the families with firearms stored at least one firearm unlocked, assembled, without a trigger lock, and with unlocked ammunition. Compared with families with non-Hispanic White children, families with African American children engaged in safer storage practices. Results can inform childhood firearm injury prevention activities. © 2014 Society for Public Health Education.

  11. The ownership of human body: an islamic perspective.

    PubMed

    Aramesh, Kiarash

    2009-01-01

    Using human dead body for medical purposes is a common practice in medical schools and hospitals throughout the world. Iran, as an Islamic country is not an exception. According to the Islamic view, the body, like the soul, is a "gift" from God; therefore, human being does not possess absolute ownership on his or her body. But, the ownership of human beings on their bodies can be described as a kind of "stewardship". Accordingly, any kind of dissection or mutilation of the corpse is forbidden, even with the informed consent of the dead or his/her relatives. The exception of this principle is when such procedures are necessary for saving lives of other persons. In this article using the human dead body for medical education, research and treatment is discussed and the perspective of Iranian Shiite religious scholars in this regard is explained.

  12. 42 CFR 411.352 - Group practice.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... practices under common ownership or control through a physician practice management company, hospital... of whether the member's time in the HPSA is spent in a group practice, clinic, or office setting. (5...

  13. Social networking among upper extremity patients.

    PubMed

    Rozental, Tamara D; George, Tina M; Chacko, Aron T

    2010-05-01

    Despite their rising popularity, the health care profession has been slow to embrace social networking sites. These are Web-based initiatives, designed to bring people with common interests or activities under a common umbrella. The purpose of this study is to evaluate social networking patterns among upper extremity patients. A total of 742 anonymous questionnaires were distributed among upper extremity outpatients, with a 62% response rate (462 were completed). Demographic characteristics (gender, age, level of education, employment, type of health insurance, and income stratification) were defined, and data on computer ownership and frequency of social networking use were collected. Social network users and nonusers were compared according to their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Our patient cohort consisted of 450 patients. Of those 450 patients, 418 had a high school education or higher, and 293 reported a college or graduate degree. The majority of patients (282) were employed at the time of the survey, and income was evenly distributed among U.S. Census Bureau quintiles. A total of 349 patients reported computer ownership, and 170 reported using social networking sites. When compared to nonusers, social networking users were younger (p<.001), more educated (p<.001), and more likely to be employed (p = .013). Users also had higher income levels (p=0.028) and had high rates of computer ownership (p<.001). Multivariate regression revealed that younger age (p<.001), computer ownership (p<.001), and higher education (p<.001) were independent predictors of social networking use. Most users (n = 114) regularly visit a single site. Facebook was the most popular site visited (n=142), followed by MySpace (n=28) and Twitter (n=16). Of the 450 upper extremity patients in our sample, 170 use social networking sites. Younger age, higher level of education, and computer ownership were associated with social networking use. Physicians should consider expanding their use of social networking sites to reach their online patient populations. Copyright 2010 American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. Charity and community: the role of nonprofit ownership in a managed health care system.

    PubMed

    Schlesinger, M; Gray, B; Bradley, E

    1996-01-01

    As American medicine has been transformed by the growth of managed care, so too have questions about the appropriate role of nonprofit ownership in the health care system. The standards for community benefit that are increasingly applied to nonprofit hospitals are, at best, only partially relevant to expectations for nonprofit managed care plans. Can we expect nonprofit ownership to substantially affect the behavior of an increasingly competitive managed care industry dealing with insured populations? Drawing from historical interpretations of tax exemption in health care and from the theoretical literature on the implications of ownership for organizational behavior, we identify five forms of community benefit that might be associated with nonprofit forms of managed care. Using data from a national survey of firms providing third-party utilization review services in 1993, we test for ownership-related differences in these five dimensions. Nonprofit utilization review firms generally provide more public goods, such as information dissemination, and are more "community oriented" than proprietary firms, but they are not distinguishable from their for-profit counterparts in addressing the implications of medical quality or the cost of the review process. However, a subgroup of nonprofit review organizations with medical origins are more likely to address quality issues than are either for-profit firms or other nonprofit agencies. Evidence on responses to information asymmetries is mixed but suggests that some ownership related differences exist. The term "charitable" is thus capable of a definition far broader than merely the relief of the poor. While it is true that in the past Congress and the federal courts have conditioned the hospital's charitable status on the level of free or below cost care that it provided for indigents, there is no authority for the conclusion that the determination of "charitable" status was always so limited. Such an inflexible construction fails to recognize the changing economic, social and technological precepts and values of contemporary society. -Circuit Court of Appeals, District of Columbia, Eastern Kentucky Welfare Rights Organization v. Simon (1974).

  15. 42 CFR 421.404 - Assignment of providers and suppliers to MACs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... section— Chain provider means a group of two or more providers under common ownership or control. Common..., prosthetics, orthotics, and supplies (DMEPOS) means the types of services specified in § 421.210(b). Eligible....202 of this chapter. Qualified chain provider means a chain provider comprised of— (1) 10 or more...

  16. 42 CFR 421.404 - Assignment of providers and suppliers to MACs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... section— Chain provider means a group of two or more providers under common ownership or control. Common..., prosthetics, orthotics, and supplies (DMEPOS) means the types of services specified in § 421.210(b). Eligible....202 of this chapter. Qualified chain provider means a chain provider comprised of— (1) 10 or more...

  17. 42 CFR 421.404 - Assignment of providers and suppliers to MACs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... section— Chain provider means a group of two or more providers under common ownership or control. Common..., prosthetics, orthotics, and supplies (DMEPOS) means the types of services specified in § 421.210(b). Eligible....202 of this chapter. Qualified chain provider means a chain provider comprised of— (1) 10 or more...

  18. 42 CFR 421.404 - Assignment of providers and suppliers to MACs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...— Chain provider means a group of two or more providers under common ownership or control. Common control..., prosthetics, orthotics, and supplies (DMEPOS) means the types of services specified in § 421.210(b). Eligible....202 of this chapter. Qualified chain provider means a chain provider comprised of— (1) 10 or more...

  19. 42 CFR 421.404 - Assignment of providers and suppliers to MACs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...— Chain provider means a group of two or more providers under common ownership or control. Common control..., prosthetics, orthotics, and supplies (DMEPOS) means the types of services specified in § 421.210(b). Eligible....202 of this chapter. Qualified chain provider means a chain provider comprised of— (1) 10 or more...

  20. 20 CFR 639.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... under common ownership or control. An example would be a major auto maker which has dozens of automobile... “employer”, the auto maker. (b) Plant closing. The term “plant closing” means the permanent or temporary...

  1. 20 CFR 639.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... under common ownership or control. An example would be a major auto maker which has dozens of automobile... “employer”, the auto maker. (b) Plant closing. The term “plant closing” means the permanent or temporary...

  2. 20 CFR 639.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... under common ownership or control. An example would be a major auto maker which has dozens of automobile... “employer”, the auto maker. (b) Plant closing. The term “plant closing” means the permanent or temporary...

  3. EPA's Information Architecture and Web Taxonomy

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    EPA's Information Architecture creates a topical organization of our website, instead of an ownership-based organization. The EPA Web Taxonomy allows audiences easy access to relevant information from EPA programs, by using a common vocabulary.

  4. 47 CFR 1.992 - How to calculate indirect equity and voting interests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... PROCEDURE Grants by Random Selection Wireless Radio Services Applications and Proceedings Foreign Ownership of Common Carrier, Aeronautical En Route, and Aeronautical Fixed Radio Station Licensees § 1.992 How...

  5. 47 CFR 1.992 - How to calculate indirect equity and voting interests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... PROCEDURE Grants by Random Selection Wireless Radio Services Applications and Proceedings Foreign Ownership of Common Carrier, Aeronautical En Route, and Aeronautical Fixed Radio Station Licensees § 1.992 How...

  6. Use of mobile technology in a community mental health setting.

    PubMed

    Glick, Gretl; Druss, Benjamin; Pina, Jamie; Lally, Cathy; Conde, Mark

    2016-10-01

    mHealth holds promise in transforming care for people with serious mental illness (SMI) and other disadvantaged populations. However, information about the rates of smartphone ownership and usage of mobile health apps among people with SMI is limited. The objective of this research is to examine the current ownership, usage patterns, and existing barriers to mobile health interventions for people with SMI treated in a public sector community mental health setting and to compare the findings with national usage patterns from the general population. A survey was conducted to determine rates of ownership of smartphone devices among people with SMI. Surveys were administered to 100 patients with SMI at an outpatient psychiatric clinic. Results were compared with respondents to the 2012 Pew Survey of mobile phone usage. A total of 85% of participants reported that they owned a cell phone; of those, 37% reported that they owned a smartphone, as compared with 53% of respondents to the Pew Survey and 44% of socioeconomically disadvantaged respondents to the Pew Survey. While cell phone ownership is common among people with SMI, their adoption of smartphone technology lags behind that of the general population primarily due to cost barriers. Efforts to use mHealth in these populations need to recognize current mobile ownership patterns while planning for anticipated expansion of new technologies to poor populations as cost barriers are reduced in the coming years. © The Author(s) 2015.

  7. Emerging Cardiovascular Risk Research: Impact of Pets on Cardiovascular Risk Prevention

    PubMed Central

    Schreiner, Pamela J.

    2016-01-01

    Animals interact with humans in multiple ways, including as therapy and service animals, commercially as livestock, as wildlife, and in zoos. But the most common interaction is as companion animals in our homes, with an estimated 180 million cats and dogs living in US households. While pet ownership has been reported to have many health benefits, the findings are inconsistent. Cardiovascular risk factors such as lipids, glucose, obesity, and heart rate variability have improved, worsened, or remained the same in the limited number of studies considering companion animals. Physical activity increases have more consistently been linked with dog ownership, although whether this reflects antecedent motivation or direct benefit from the dog is unclear. Allergies and asthma also are variably linked to pet ownership and are confounded by family history of atopy and timing of exposure to pet dander. The benefits of companion animals are most likely to be through reduction in depression, anxiety, and social isolation, but these studies have been largely cross-sectional and may depend on degree of bonding of the owner with the animal. Positive relationships show measurably higher oxytocin with lower cortisol and alpha-amylase levels. Finally, pet ownership is also a marker of better socioeconomic status and family stability, and if companion animals are to provide cardiovascular risk benefit, the route should perhaps be through improved education and opportunity for ownership. PMID:27547289

  8. Emerging Cardiovascular Risk Research: Impact of Pets on Cardiovascular Risk Prevention.

    PubMed

    Schreiner, Pamela J

    2016-02-01

    Animals interact with humans in multiple ways, including as therapy and service animals, commercially as livestock, as wildlife, and in zoos. But the most common interaction is as companion animals in our homes, with an estimated 180 million cats and dogs living in US households. While pet ownership has been reported to have many health benefits, the findings are inconsistent. Cardiovascular risk factors such as lipids, glucose, obesity, and heart rate variability have improved, worsened, or remained the same in the limited number of studies considering companion animals. Physical activity increases have more consistently been linked with dog ownership, although whether this reflects antecedent motivation or direct benefit from the dog is unclear. Allergies and asthma also are variably linked to pet ownership and are confounded by family history of atopy and timing of exposure to pet dander. The benefits of companion animals are most likely to be through reduction in depression, anxiety, and social isolation, but these studies have been largely cross-sectional and may depend on degree of bonding of the owner with the animal. Positive relationships show measurably higher oxytocin with lower cortisol and alpha-amylase levels. Finally, pet ownership is also a marker of better socioeconomic status and family stability, and if companion animals are to provide cardiovascular risk benefit, the route should perhaps be through improved education and opportunity for ownership.

  9. The Ownership of Human Body: An Islamic Perspective

    PubMed Central

    Aramesh, Kiarash

    2009-01-01

    Using human dead body for medical purposes is a common practice in medical schools and hospitals throughout the world. Iran, as an Islamic country is not an exception. According to the Islamic view, the body, like the soul, is a “gift” from God; therefore, human being does not possess absolute ownership on his or her body. But, the ownership of human beings on their bodies can be described as a kind of “stewardship”. Accordingly, any kind of dissection or mutilation of the corpse is forbidden, even with the informed consent of the dead or his/her relatives. The exception of this principle is when such procedures are necessary for saving lives of other persons. In this article using the human dead body for medical education, research and treatment is discussed and the perspective of Iranian Shiite religious scholars in this regard is explained. PMID:23908718

  10. Bicycle ownership, use, and injury patterns among elementary schoolchildren

    PubMed Central

    Waller, Julian A

    1995-01-01

    Patterns of bicycle ownership and injury were studied over a four month period among over 6000 schoolchildren. Two thirds of the bikes owned were standard style and one third high rise. Boys more often had high rise bikes. Slightly over 2% of bike owners are injured annually, but no differences were found according to bike style either in injury rate or severity. Bike borrowing and riding double were common factors in the injury events. Injury from spokes and loss of control because of loose handlebars were identified as problems resulting from product design. PMID:9346042

  11. 47 CFR 1.993 - Insulation criteria for interests in limited partnerships, limited liability partnerships, and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Wireless Radio Services Applications and Proceedings Foreign Ownership of Common Carrier, Aeronautical En Route, and Aeronautical Fixed Radio Station Licensees § 1.993 Insulation criteria for interests in...

  12. 47 CFR 1.993 - Insulation criteria for interests in limited partnerships, limited liability partnerships, and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Wireless Radio Services Applications and Proceedings Foreign Ownership of Common Carrier, Aeronautical En Route, and Aeronautical Fixed Radio Station Licensees § 1.993 Insulation criteria for interests in...

  13. Association between firearm ownership, firearm-related risk and risk reduction behaviours and alcohol-related risk behaviours.

    PubMed

    Wintemute, Garen J

    2011-12-01

    Alcohol use and firearm ownership are risk factors for violent injury and death. To determine whether firearm ownership and specific firearm-related behaviours are associated with alcohol-related risk behaviours, the author conducted a cross-sectional study using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for eight states in the USA from 1996 to 1997 (the most recent data available). Altogether, 15 474 respondents provided information on firearm exposure. After adjustment for demographics and state of residence, firearm owners were more likely than those with no firearms at home to have ≥5 drinks on one occasion (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.50), to drink and drive (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.34 to 2.39) and to have ≥60 drinks per month (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.83). Heavy alcohol use was most common among firearm owners who also engaged in behaviours such as carrying a firearm for protection against other people and keeping a firearm at home that was both loaded and not locked away. The author concludes that firearm ownership and specific firearm-related behaviours are associated with alcohol-related risk behaviours.

  14. Association of car ownership and physical activity across the spectrum of human development: Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study (METS).

    PubMed

    Shoham, David A; Dugas, Lara R; Bovet, Pascal; Forrester, Terrence E; Lambert, Estelle V; Plange-Rhule, Jacob; Schoeller, Dale A; Brage, Soren; Ekelund, Ulf; Durazo-Arvizu, Ramon A; Cooper, Richard S; Luke, Amy

    2015-02-21

    Variations in physical activity (PA) across nations may be driven by socioeconomic position. As national incomes increase, car ownership becomes within reach of more individuals. This report characterizes associations between car ownership and PA in African-origin populations across 5 sites at different levels of economic development and with different transportation infrastructures: US, Seychelles, Jamaica, South Africa, and Ghana. Twenty-five hundred adults, ages 25-45, were enrolled in the study. A total of 2,101 subjects had valid accelerometer-based PA measures (reported as average daily duration of moderate to vigorous PA, MVPA) and complete socioeconomic information. Our primary exposure of interest was whether the household owned a car. We adjusted for socioeconomic position using household income and ownership of common goods. Overall, PA levels did not vary largely between sites, with highest levels in South Africa, lowest in the US. Across all sites, greater PA was consistently associated with male gender, fewer years of education, manual occupations, lower income, and owning fewer material goods. We found heterogeneity across sites in car ownership: after adjustment for confounders, car owners in the US had 24.3 fewer minutes of MVPA compared to non-car owners in the US (20.7 vs. 45.1 minutes/day of MVPA); in the non-US sites, car-owners had an average of 9.7 fewer minutes of MVPA than non-car owners (24.9 vs. 34.6 minutes/day of MVPA). PA levels are similar across all study sites except Jamaica, despite very different levels of socioeconomic development. Not owning a car in the US is associated with especially high levels of MVPA. As car ownership becomes prevalent in the developing world, strategies to promote alternative forms of active transit may become important.

  15. Cat and Dog Exposure and Respiratory Morbidities in Cystic Fibrosis

    PubMed Central

    Morrow, Christopher B.; Raraigh, Karen S.; Green, Deanna M.; Blackman, Scott M.; Cutting, Garry R.; Collaco, Joseph M.

    2014-01-01

    Objective To understand the triggers that may impact respiratory health in cystic fibrosis (CF), including the effects of pets, because environmental factors contribute to one-half of the variation in lung function in patients with CF. Study design A total of 703 subjects with CF were recruited through the U.S. CF Twin-Sibling Study. Questionnaires were used to determine the presence/absence of cats and dogs in households with a child with CF. Questionnaires, chart review, and U.S. CF Foundation Patient Registry data were used to track respiratory and infection outcomes. Results Within the sample 47% of subjects reported owning a dog, and 28% reported owning a cat. After adjustment for demographic factors, dog ownership was not associated with any adverse clinical outcomes, and cat ownership was associated an increased risk in developing nasal polyps (adjusted OR 1.66; p=0.024) compared with non-cat owners. Subjects who owned both cats and dogs were twice as likely to report wheezing compared with other subjects (adjusted OR: 2.01; p=0.009). There were no differences in prevalence and age of acquisition for the common CF respiratory pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus between cat/dog owners and non-cat/dog owners. Conclusions Cat ownership was associated with a higher frequency of developing nasal polyps and combined cat-dog ownership was associated with a higher rate of wheezing. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these associations and the potential psychosocial benefits of cat and/or dog ownership. PMID:25027361

  16. Cat and dog exposure and respiratory morbidities in cystic fibrosis.

    PubMed

    Morrow, Christopher B; Raraigh, Karen S; Green, Deanna M; Blackman, Scott M; Cutting, Garry R; Collaco, Joseph M

    2014-10-01

    To understand the triggers that may impact respiratory health in cystic fibrosis (CF), including the effects of pets, because environmental factors contribute to one-half of the variation in lung function in patients with CF. A total of 703 subjects with CF were recruited through the US CF Twin-Sibling Study. Questionnaires were used to determine the presence/absence of cats and dogs in households with a child with CF. Questionnaires, chart review, and US CF Foundation Patient Registry data were used to track respiratory and infection outcomes. Within the sample, 47% of subjects reported owning a dog, and 28% reported owning a cat. After adjustment for demographic factors, dog ownership was not associated with any adverse clinical outcomes, and cat ownership was associated an increased risk in developing nasal polyps (aOR 1.66; P = .024) compared with noncat owners. Subjects who owned both cats and dogs were twice as likely to report wheezing compared with other subjects (aOR: 2.01; P = .009). There were no differences in prevalence and age of acquisition for the common CF respiratory pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus between cat/dog owners and noncat/dog owners. Cat ownership was associated with a greater frequency of developing nasal polyps and combined cat-dog ownership was associated with a greater rate of wheezing. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these associations and the potential psychosocial benefits of cat and/or dog ownership. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. Is employer-based health insurance a barrier to entrepreneurship?

    PubMed

    Fairlie, Robert W; Kapur, Kanika; Gates, Susan

    2011-01-01

    The focus on employer-provided health insurance in the United States may restrict business creation. We address the limited research on the topic of "entrepreneurship lock" by using recent panel data from matched Current Population Surveys. We use difference-in-difference models to estimate the interaction between having a spouse with employer-based health insurance and potential demand for health care. We find evidence of a larger negative effect of health insurance demand on business creation for those without spousal coverage than for those with spousal coverage. We also take a new approach in the literature to examine the question of whether employer-based health insurance discourages business creation by exploiting the discontinuity created at age 65 through the qualification for Medicare. Using a novel procedure of identifying age in months from matched monthly CPS data, we compare the probability of business ownership among male workers in the months just before turning age 65 and in the months just after turning age 65. We find that business ownership rates increase from just under age 65 to just over age 65, whereas we find no change in business ownership rates from just before to just after for other ages 55-75. We also do not find evidence from the previous literature and additional estimates that other confounding factors such as retirement, partial retirement, social security and pension eligibility are responsible for the increase in business ownership in the month individuals turn 65. Our estimates provide some evidence that "entrepreneurship lock" exists, which raises concerns that the bundling of health insurance and employment may create an inefficient level of business creation. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. Nursing home spending, staffing, and turnover.

    PubMed

    Kash, Bita A; Castle, Nicholas G; Phillips, Charles D

    2007-01-01

    Recent work on nursing home staffing and turnover has stressed the importance of ownership and resources. However, few studies have examined spending behaviors, which might also influence staffing levels and staff turnover rates. This study investigates whether spending behaviors measured by financial ratios are associated with staffing levels and staff turnover in nursing homes. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 1,014 Texas homes. Data were from the 2002 Texas Nursing Facility Medicaid Cost Report and the 2003 Area Resource File. First, we examined differences in financial ratios by ownership type. Next, the effect of 10 financial ratios on staffing levels and turnover rates for registered nurses, licensed vocational nurses, and certified nursing assistants was examined using robust regression models. Descriptive data indicated that expense ratios related to resident care activities and staff development were significantly higher among not-for-profit than for-profit homes. Higher profits were associated with lower staffing levels, but not higher turnover rates. Administrative expenses (a measure of management capacity) had a negative impact both on staffing levels and staff turnover for licensed vocational nurses and certified nursing assistants, but they did not affect registered nurse staffing. Employee benefit expenses exhibited a positive impact on registered nurse and licensed vocational nurse staffing levels. The addition of information on financial ratios to models predicting staffing indicators reduced the effect of ownership on these indicators. Solutions to the staffing and turnover problem should focus on more effective management practices. Certain levels of administrative and staff benefit expenses may be necessary to improve professional staff recruitment and reduce both staffing and turnover costs. Differences in these financial ratios may partially explain the role played by ownership in determining staffing levels and turnover.

  19. 77 FR 50628 - Review of Foreign Ownership Policies for Common Carrier and Aeronautical Radio Licensees

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-22

    ... the licensee in a manner that best accommodates their financial considerations and business needs. 9... national security and law enforcement interests. 11. The First Report and Order defers consideration, to a...

  20. 40 CFR 63.5686 - How do I demonstrate that my facility is not a major source?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... manufacturing facility and all other sources that are collocated and under common ownership or control with the... coatings, aluminum wipedown solvents, application gun cleaning solvents, and carpet and fabric adhesives...

  1. 40 CFR 63.5686 - How do I demonstrate that my facility is not a major source?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... manufacturing facility and all other sources that are collocated and under common ownership or control with the... coatings, aluminum wipedown solvents, application gun cleaning solvents, and carpet and fabric adhesives...

  2. Pet ownership, dog types and attachment to pets in 9–10 year old children in Liverpool, UK

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Background Little is known about ethnic, cultural and socioeconomic differences in childhood ownership and attitudes to pets. The objective of this study was to describe the factors associated with living with different pet types, as well as factors that may influence the intensity of relationship or ‘attachment’ that children have to their pet. Data were collected using a survey of 1021 9–10 year old primary school children in a deprived area of the city of Liverpool, UK. Results Dogs were the most common pet owned, most common ‘favourite’ pet, and species most attached to. Twenty-seven percent of dog-owning children (10% of all children surveyed) reported living with a ‘Bull Breed’ dog (which includes Pit Bulls and Staffordshire Bull Terriers), and the most popular dog breed owned was the Staffordshire Bull Terrier. Multivariable regression modelling identified a number of variables associated with ownership of different pets and the strength of attachment to the child’s favourite pet. Girls were more likely to own most pet types, but were no more or less attached to their favourite pet than boys. Children of white ethnicity were more likely to own dogs, rodents and ‘other’ pets but were no more or less attached to their pets than children of non-white ethnicity. Single and youngest children were no more or less likely to own pets than those with younger brothers and sisters, but they showed greater attachment to their pets. Children that owned dogs lived in more deprived areas than those without dogs, and deprivation increased with number of dogs owned. ‘Pit Bull or cross’ and ‘Bull Breed’ dogs were more likely to be found in more deprived areas than other dog types. Non-whites were also more likely to report owning a ‘Pit Bull or cross’ than Whites. Conclusions Gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic status were associated with pet ownership, and sibling status with level of attachment to the pet. These are important to consider when conducting research into the health benefits and risks of the common childhood phenomenon of growing up with pets. PMID:23668544

  3. Pet ownership, dog types and attachment to pets in 9-10 year old children in Liverpool, UK.

    PubMed

    Westgarth, Carri; Boddy, Lynne M; Stratton, Gareth; German, Alexander J; Gaskell, Rosalind M; Coyne, Karen P; Bundred, Peter; McCune, Sandra; Dawson, Susan

    2013-05-13

    Little is known about ethnic, cultural and socioeconomic differences in childhood ownership and attitudes to pets. The objective of this study was to describe the factors associated with living with different pet types, as well as factors that may influence the intensity of relationship or 'attachment' that children have to their pet. Data were collected using a survey of 1021 9-10 year old primary school children in a deprived area of the city of Liverpool, UK. Dogs were the most common pet owned, most common 'favourite' pet, and species most attached to. Twenty-seven percent of dog-owning children (10% of all children surveyed) reported living with a 'Bull Breed' dog (which includes Pit Bulls and Staffordshire Bull Terriers), and the most popular dog breed owned was the Staffordshire Bull Terrier. Multivariable regression modelling identified a number of variables associated with ownership of different pets and the strength of attachment to the child's favourite pet. Girls were more likely to own most pet types, but were no more or less attached to their favourite pet than boys. Children of white ethnicity were more likely to own dogs, rodents and 'other' pets but were no more or less attached to their pets than children of non-white ethnicity. Single and youngest children were no more or less likely to own pets than those with younger brothers and sisters, but they showed greater attachment to their pets. Children that owned dogs lived in more deprived areas than those without dogs, and deprivation increased with number of dogs owned. 'Pit Bull or cross' and 'Bull Breed' dogs were more likely to be found in more deprived areas than other dog types. Non-whites were also more likely to report owning a 'Pit Bull or cross' than Whites. Gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic status were associated with pet ownership, and sibling status with level of attachment to the pet. These are important to consider when conducting research into the health benefits and risks of the common childhood phenomenon of growing up with pets.

  4. Combined Utility/Transportation Tunnel Systems - Economic, Technical and Institutional Feasibility

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1976-07-01

    Although utility tunnels are common in Europe and Asia, United States use is largely confined to institutions where all utilities are under single ownership. Cut-and-cover transportation projects appear to display nearly ideal conditions for the use ...

  5. 10 CFR 490.301 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Alternative Fuel Provider Vehicle..., is controlled by, or is under common ownership or control of a person subject to vehicle acquisition... selling at wholesale or retail electricity. Business Unit means a semi-autonomous major grouping of...

  6. 10 CFR 490.301 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Alternative Fuel Provider Vehicle..., is controlled by, or is under common ownership or control of a person subject to vehicle acquisition... selling at wholesale or retail electricity. Business Unit means a semi-autonomous major grouping of...

  7. 10 CFR 490.301 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Alternative Fuel Provider Vehicle..., is controlled by, or is under common ownership or control of a person subject to vehicle acquisition... selling at wholesale or retail electricity. Business Unit means a semi-autonomous major grouping of...

  8. 10 CFR 490.301 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Alternative Fuel Provider Vehicle..., is controlled by, or is under common ownership or control of a person subject to vehicle acquisition... selling at wholesale or retail electricity. Business Unit means a semi-autonomous major grouping of...

  9. Firearms and suicide in US cities.

    PubMed

    Miller, Matthew; Warren, Molly; Hemenway, David; Azrael, Deborah

    2015-04-01

    On an average day in the USA more than 100 Americans die by suicide-half use firearms. Suicide rates overall and by firearms are higher, on average, in states where household firearm ownership is more common. In general this means in states where a greater proportion of the population lives in rural areas. The current ecological study focuses on the relation between measures of household firearm prevalence and suicide mortality in urban areas (metropolitan statistical areas and divisions) using survey-based measures of firearm ownership. Suicide rates (1999-2010) for metropolitan statistical areas that are comprised of large US cities come from death certificate records; rates of household firearm ownership come from the 2002 and 2004 Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System. Higher rates of firearm ownership are strongly associated with higher rates of overall suicide and firearm suicide, but not with non-firearm suicide. Stratification by gender, age and race did not materially affect the association between firearms and suicide. This study provides evidence consistent with previous case-control work and extends evidence from previous state- and region-level ecological studies that firearms in the home impose suicide risk above and beyond baseline. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

  10. Firearm Ownership Among Military Veterans with PTSD: A Profile of Demographic and Psychosocial Correlates

    PubMed Central

    Heinz, Adrienne J.; Cohen, Nicole L.; Holleran, Lori; Alvarez, Jennifer A.; Bonn-Miller, Marcel O.

    2016-01-01

    Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a condition that disproportionately affects military veterans, is associated with heightened rates of aggression and suicide. Although experience with firearms is common among this population, virtually nothing is known regarding who is more likely to own a firearm and whether firearm ownership is differentially associated with psychological and behavioral risk factors among veterans with PTSD. Of 465 veterans (79% male) entering PTSD treatment, 28% owned a firearm (median number of firearms among owners = 3, range 1-40). Firearm owners reported higher income, were less likely to be unemployed, and were more likely to be male, Caucasian, married, and living in permanent housing. Ownership was associated with higher combat exposure and driving aggression, yet lower rates of childhood and military sexual trauma, suicidal ideation, and incarceration. Ownership was not associated with previous suicide attempt, arrest history, number of traumas experienced, PTSD symptoms, or depression. Together, among a sample of treatment-seeking military veterans with PTSD, those who owned a firearm appeared to demonstrate greater stability across a number of domains of functioning. Importantly though, routine firearm safety discussions (e.g., accessibility restrictions; violence risk assessments) and bolstering of anger management skills remain critical when working with this high-risk population. PMID:27753553

  11. Firearm Ownership Among Military Veterans With PTSD: A Profile of Demographic and Psychosocial Correlates.

    PubMed

    Heinz, Adrienne J; Cohen, Nicole L; Holleran, Lori; Alvarez, Jennifer A; Bonn-Miller, Marcel O

    2016-10-01

    Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a condition that disproportionately affects military veterans, is associated with heightened rates of aggression and suicide. Although experience with firearms is common among this population, virtually nothing is known regarding who is more likely to own a firearm and whether firearm ownership is differentially associated with psychological and behavioral risk factors among veterans with PTSD. Of 465 veterans (79% male) entering PTSD treatment, 28% owned a firearm (median number of firearms among owners = 3, range = 1-40). Firearm owners reported higher income were less likely to be unemployed, and were more likely to be male, Caucasian, married, and living in permanent housing. Ownership was associated with higher combat exposure and driving aggression, yet lower rates of childhood and military sexual trauma, suicidal ideation, and incarceration. Ownership was not associated with previous suicide attempt, arrest history, number of traumas experienced, PTSD symptoms, or depression. Together, among a sample of treatment-seeking military veterans with PTSD, those who owned a firearm appeared to demonstrate greater stability across a number of domains of functioning. Importantly though, routine firearm safety discussions (e.g., accessibility restrictions; violence risk assessments) and bolstering of anger management skills remain critical when working with this high-risk population. Reprint & Copyright © 2016 Association of Military Surgeons of the U.S.

  12. Community perceptions of state forest ownership and management: a case study of the Sundarbans Mangrove Forest in Bangladesh.

    PubMed

    Roy, Anjan Kumer Dev; Alam, Khorshed; Gow, Jeff

    2013-03-15

    The Sundarbans Mangrove Forest (SMF) is the world's largest mangrove forest and it provides livelihoods to 3.5 million forest-dependent people in coastal Bangladesh. The first study aim was to analyse the efficacy of the state property regime in managing the forest through a close examination of the relationship between property rights and mangrove conservation practices. The second study aim was to explore forest-dependent communities' (FDCs) perceptions about their participation in management and conservation practices. The Schlager and Ostrom theoretical framework was adopted to examine the role of potential ownership variations in a common property resource regime. A survey of 412 FDC households was undertaken. Current management by the Bangladesh Forest Department (BFD) does not result in implementation of mandated mangrove conservation practices. It was found that allocation of property rights to FDCs would be expected to increase conservation practices. 92% of respondents expressed the view that the evidenced rapid degradation over the past 30 years was due primarily to corruption in the BFD. About half of FDCs (46%) surveyed are willing to participate in mangrove conservation through involvement in management as proprietors. Consistent with Schlager and Ostrom's theory, the results indicate the necessity for de facto and de jure ownership and management change from a state to common property regime to ensure FDCs' participation in conservation practices. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. Early, current and past pet ownership: associations with sensitization, bronchial responsiveness and allergic symptoms in school children.

    PubMed

    Anyo, G; Brunekreef, B; de Meer, G; Aarts, F; Janssen, N A H; van Vliet, P

    2002-03-01

    Studies have suggested that early contact with pets may prevent the development of allergy and asthma. To study the association between early, current and past pet ownership and sensitization, bronchial responsiveness and allergic symptoms in school children. A population of almost 3000 primary school children was investigated using protocols of the International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Allergic symptoms were measured using the parent-completed ISAAC questionnaire. Sensitization to common allergens was measured using skin prick tests (SPT)s and/or serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E determinations. Bronchial responsiveness was tested using a hypertonic saline challenge. Pet ownership was investigated by questionnaire. Current, past and early exposure to pets was documented separately for cats, dogs, rodents and birds. The data on current, past and early pet exposure were then related to allergic symptoms, sensitization and bronchial responsiveness. Among children currently exposed to pets, there was significantly less sensitization to cat (odds ratio (OR) = 0.69) and dog (OR = 0.63) allergens, indoor allergens in general (OR = 0.64), and outdoor allergens (OR = 0.60) compared to children who never had pets in the home. There was also less hayfever (OR = 0.66) and rhinitis (OR = 0.76). In contrast, wheeze, asthma and bronchial responsiveness were not associated with current pet ownership. Odds ratios associated with past pet ownership were generally above unity, and significant for asthma in the adjusted analysis (OR = 1.85), suggesting selective avoidance in families with sensitized and/or symptomatic children. Pet ownership in the first two years of life only showed an inverse association with sensitization to pollen: OR = 0.71 for having had furry or feathery pets in general in the first two years of life, and OR = 0.73 for having had cats and/or dogs in the first two years of life, compared to not having had pets in the first two years of life. These results suggest that the inverse association between current pet ownership and sensitization and hayfever symptoms was partly due to the removal of pets in families with sensitized and/or symptomatic children. Pet ownership in the first two years of life only seemed to offer some protection against sensitization to pollen.

  14. 26 CFR 1.861-14 - Special rules for allocating and apportioning certain expenses (other than interest expense) of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... chains of includible corporations connected through 80-percent stock ownership with a common parent... basis of assets is chosen, the average amount of assets (tax book value or fair market value) for the...

  15. 48 CFR 231.205-70 - External restructuring costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... subsection: (1) Business combination means a transaction whereby assets or operations of two or more... after a business combination that affect the operations of companies not previously under common ownership or control. They do not include restructuring activities occurring after a business combination...

  16. 48 CFR 231.205-70 - External restructuring costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... subsection: (1) Business combination means a transaction whereby assets or operations of two or more... after a business combination that affect the operations of companies not previously under common ownership or control. They do not include restructuring activities occurring after a business combination...

  17. 48 CFR 231.205-70 - External restructuring costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... subsection: (1) Business combination means a transaction whereby assets or operations of two or more... after a business combination that affect the operations of companies not previously under common ownership or control. They do not include restructuring activities occurring after a business combination...

  18. 48 CFR 231.205-70 - External restructuring costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... subsection: (1) Business combination means a transaction whereby assets or operations of two or more... after a business combination that affect the operations of companies not previously under common ownership or control. They do not include restructuring activities occurring after a business combination...

  19. 47 CFR 1.994 - Routine terms and conditions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Random Selection Wireless Radio Services Applications and Proceedings Foreign Ownership of Common Carrier... or spectrum leasing arrangement by assignment or transfer of control provided that the subsidiary or... license or spectrum leasing arrangement by assignment or transfer of control provided that the subsidiary...

  20. 47 CFR 1.994 - Routine terms and conditions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Random Selection Wireless Radio Services Applications and Proceedings Foreign Ownership of Common Carrier... or spectrum leasing arrangement by assignment or transfer of control provided that the subsidiary or... license or spectrum leasing arrangement by assignment or transfer of control provided that the subsidiary...

  1. 10 CFR 490.301 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... following definitions apply to this subpart— Affiliate means a person that, directly or indirectly, controls, is controlled by, or is under common ownership or control of a person subject to vehicle acquisition... activities for administrative purposes and organizational structure within a business entity and that is...

  2. 48 CFR 9.403 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...— Affiliates. Business concerns, organizations, or individuals are affiliates of each other if, directly or... management or ownership, identity of interests among family members, shared facilities and equipment, common.... Contractor means any individual or other legal entity that— (1) Directly or indirectly (e.g., through an...

  3. 48 CFR 9.403 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...— Affiliates. Business concerns, organizations, or individuals are affiliates of each other if, directly or... management or ownership, identity of interests among family members, shared facilities and equipment, common.... Contractor means any individual or other legal entity that— (1) Directly or indirectly (e.g., through an...

  4. 48 CFR 9.403 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...— Affiliates. Business concerns, organizations, or individuals are affiliates of each other if, directly or... management or ownership, identity of interests among family members, shared facilities and equipment, common.... Contractor means any individual or other legal entity that— (1) Directly or indirectly (e.g., through an...

  5. 48 CFR 9.403 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...— Affiliates. Business concerns, organizations, or individuals are affiliates of each other if, directly or... management or ownership, identity of interests among family members, shared facilities and equipment, common.... Contractor means any individual or other legal entity that— (1) Directly or indirectly (e.g., through an...

  6. 48 CFR 9.403 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...— Affiliates. Business concerns, organizations, or individuals are affiliates of each other if, directly or... management or ownership, identity of interests among family members, shared facilities and equipment, common.... Contractor means any individual or other legal entity that— (1) Directly or indirectly (e.g., through an...

  7. Salmon's Laws.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Shannon, Thomas A.

    1994-01-01

    Presents Paul Salmon's old-fashioned, common-sense guidelines for success in practical school administration. The maxims advise on problem ownership; the value of selective neglect; the importance of empowerment, enthusiasm, and effective communication; and the need for positive reinforcement, cultivation of support, and good relations with media,…

  8. Pet ownership among persons with AIDS in three Florida counties.

    PubMed

    Conti, L; Lieb, S; Liberti, T; Wiley-Bayless, M; Hepburn, K; Diaz, T

    1995-11-01

    Interviews were conducted among 408 adults with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome at three local health departments to determine the proportion who owned pets, their perceived attachment to their pets, and the proportion who were informed about zoonoses. Nearly half (187, or 46%) were living with pets, most commonly dogs (64%), followed by cats (38%), fish (15%), birds (8%), reptiles (3%), and rodents (2%). Most pet owners (81%) reported an attachment to their pet. Only 10% were informed of zoonoses, albeit some incorrectly. Health care providers should recognize the high pet ownership rate among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus and correctly inform their patients of strategies to sustain a low zoonotic disease incidence.

  9. 24 CFR 5.321 - Lease provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons With Disabilities General Requirements § 5.321 Lease provisions. (a) Lease provisions. (1) PHAs which have established pet... persons with disabilities: (i) State that tenants are permitted to keep common household pets in their...

  10. 24 CFR 5.321 - Lease provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons With Disabilities General Requirements § 5.321 Lease provisions. (a) Lease provisions. (1) PHAs which have established pet... persons with disabilities: (i) State that tenants are permitted to keep common household pets in their...

  11. 24 CFR 5.321 - Lease provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons With Disabilities General Requirements § 5.321 Lease provisions. (a) Lease provisions. (1) PHAs which have established pet... persons with disabilities: (i) State that tenants are permitted to keep common household pets in their...

  12. 24 CFR 5.321 - Lease provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons With Disabilities General Requirements § 5.321 Lease provisions. (a) Lease provisions. (1) PHAs which have established pet... persons with disabilities: (i) State that tenants are permitted to keep common household pets in their...

  13. 24 CFR 5.321 - Lease provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons With Disabilities General Requirements § 5.321 Lease provisions. (a) Lease provisions. (1) PHAs which have established pet... persons with disabilities: (i) State that tenants are permitted to keep common household pets in their...

  14. 42 CFR 413.17 - Cost to related organizations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ....17 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES MEDICARE PROGRAM PRINCIPLES OF REASONABLE COST REIMBURSEMENT; PAYMENT FOR END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE SERVICES... related to the provider by common ownership or control are includable in the allowable cost of the...

  15. 42 CFR 413.17 - Cost to related organizations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ....17 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES MEDICARE PROGRAM PRINCIPLES OF REASONABLE COST REIMBURSEMENT; PAYMENT FOR END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE SERVICES... related to the provider by common ownership or control are includable in the allowable cost of the...

  16. 42 CFR 413.17 - Cost to related organizations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ....17 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES MEDICARE PROGRAM PRINCIPLES OF REASONABLE COST REIMBURSEMENT; PAYMENT FOR END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE SERVICES... related to the provider by common ownership or control are includable in the allowable cost of the...

  17. The Effects of Chains on the Measurement of Competition in the Nursing Home Industry.

    PubMed

    Hirth, Richard A; Zheng, Qing; Grabowski, David C; Stevenson, David G; Intrator, Orna; Banaszak-Holl, Jane

    2017-04-01

    Consistently accounting for more than 50% of the nursing homes in the United States, corporate chains have played an important role in the industry for several decades. However, few studies have explicitly considered the role of chains in measuring competition in nursing home markets. In this study, we use a newly developed database tracking common ownership over a period of nearly two decades to compare chain-adjusted and unadjusted measures of competition at the county and 25 km fixed-radius levels and explore how the differences would affect the assessment of local market structure. On average, the chain-adjusted Herfindahl-Hirschman Indexes (HHIs) are about 0.02 higher than the unadjusted HHIs. Each year, about 20% to 22% of the counties would appear more concentrated when recalculating HHIs accounting for common ownership. Evidence suggests that nursing home chains tend to focus more on expanding access to new markets within a state than to increasing market power within a smaller local market.

  18. 14 CFR 93.31 - Minimum usage requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... operating Carrier used for air traffic control communications, scheduled time of operation, origin airport...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Congestion and Delay Reduction at... shall identify any Common Ownership or control of, by, or with any other carrier. A senior official of...

  19. 14 CFR 93.31 - Minimum usage requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... operating Carrier used for air traffic control communications, scheduled time of operation, origin airport...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Congestion and Delay Reduction at... shall identify any Common Ownership or control of, by, or with any other carrier. A senior official of...

  20. 22 CFR 1006.905 - Affiliate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    .... The ways we use to determine control include, but are not limited to— (a) Interlocking management or ownership; (b) Identity of interests among family members; (c) Shared facilities and equipment; (d) Common use of employees; or (e) A business entity which has been organized following the exclusion of a...

  1. 22 CFR 1508.905 - Affiliate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    .... The ways we use to determine control include, but are not limited to— (a) Interlocking management or ownership; (b) Identity of interests among family members; (c) Shared facilities and equipment; (d) Common use of employees; or (e) A business entity which has been organized following the exclusion of a...

  2. 34 CFR 85.905 - Affiliate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    .... The ways we use to determine control include, but are not limited to— (a) Interlocking management or ownership; (b) Identity of interests among family members; (c) Shared facilities and equipment; (d) Common use of employees; or (e) A business entity which has been organized following the exclusion of a...

  3. 22 CFR 208.905 - Affiliate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    .... The ways we use to determine control include, but are not limited to— (a) Interlocking management or ownership; (b) Identity of interests among family members; (c) Shared facilities and equipment; (d) Common use of employees; or (e) A business entity which has been organized following the exclusion of a...

  4. Structuring the Multimedia Deal: Legal Issues--Part 1: Licensing in the Multimedia Arena.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gersh, David L.; Jeffrey, Sheri

    1993-01-01

    Provides an overview of legal issues related to licensing entertainment rights for multimedia source materials, including the grant of rights clause, copyright ownership, territory and languages, term provision, specifications, approvals/controls, royalties, guilds, bankruptcies, termination of the license, and confidentiality. Common mistakes…

  5. A quantum mechanical model for the relationship between stock price and stock ownership

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cotfas, Liviu-Adrian

    2012-11-01

    The trade of a fixed stock can be regarded as the basic process that measures its momentary price. The stock price is exactly known only at the time of sale when the stock is between traders, that is, only in the case when the owner is unknown. We show that the stock price can be better described by a function indicating at any moment of time the probabilities for the possible values of price if a transaction takes place. This more general description contains partial information on the stock price, but it also contains partial information on the stock owner.more » By following the analogy with quantum mechanics, we assume that the time evolution of the function describing the stock price can be described by a Schroedinger type equation.« less

  6. Predictive validity of the tobacco marketing receptivity index among non-smoking youth.

    PubMed

    Braun, Sandra; Abad-Vivero, Erika Nayeli; Mejía, Raúl; Barrientos, Inti; Sargent, James D; Thrasher, James F

    2018-05-01

    In a previous cross-sectional study of early adolescents, we developed a marketing receptivity index (MRI) that integrates point-of-sale (PoS) marketing exposures, brand recall, and ownership of branded merchandise. The MRI had independent, positive associations with smoking susceptibility among never smokers and with current smoking behavior. The current longitudinal study assessed the MRI's predictive validity among adolescents who have never smoked cigarettes METHODS: Data come from a longitudinal, school-based survey of 33 secondary schools in Argentina. Students who had never smoked at baseline were followed up approximately 17months later (n=1700). Questions assessed: PoS marketing exposure by querying frequency of going to stores where tobacco is commonly sold; cued recall of brand names for 3 cigarette packages from dominant brands but with the brand name removed; and ownership of branded merchandise. A four-level MRI was derived: 1.low PoS marketing exposure only; 2. high PoS exposure or recall of 1 brand; 3. recall of 2 or more brands; and 4. ownership of branded merchandise. Logistic regression models regressed smoking initiation by follow up survey on the MRI, each of its components, and students' willingness to try a brand, adjusting for sociodemographics, social network smoking, and sensation seeking. The MRI had an independent positive association with smoking initiation. When analyzed separately, each MRI component was associated with outcomes except branded merchandise ownership. The MRI and its components were associated with smoking initiation, except for branded merchandise ownership, which may better predict smoking progression than initiation. The MRI appears valid and useful for future studies. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. 12 CFR 1807.104 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... means any entity that Controls, is Controlled by, or is under common Control with, an entity; (c...) Control means: (1) Ownership, control, or power to vote 25 percent or more of the outstanding shares of... other persons; (2) Control in any manner over the election of a majority of the directors, trustees, or...

  8. 12 CFR 1807.104 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... means any entity that Controls, is Controlled by, or is under common Control with, an entity; (c...) Control means: (1) Ownership, control, or power to vote 25 percent or more of the outstanding shares of... other persons; (2) Control in any manner over the election of a majority of the directors, trustees, or...

  9. 78 FR 59004 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-25

    ... Robles El Paso TX, 79912. Application No.: 13-00001. Date Deemed Submitted: September 17, 2013. Members... principal address is the same as the applicant's and Bobby Smith's address is 2200 Panther Trail, 503 Austin, TX 78704. Both members are affiliated with the applicant through common ownership. Emporia Trading...

  10. Exploring the origins of ecological forestry in North America

    Treesearch

    Anthony W. ​D' Amato; Brian J. Palik; Jerry F. Franklin; David R. Foster

    2016-01-01

    The use of ecological forestry to achieve management objectives, such as the maintenance of native biodiversity, has become increasingly common on public and private ownerships in North America. These approaches generally use natural disturbance processes and their structural and compositional outcomes as models for designing silvicultural prescriptions that restore or...

  11. 27 CFR 27.140 - Certification requirements for wine.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... two or more persons if one of such persons has actual or legal control, directly or indirectly... ownership interest. An affiliate also means any one of two or more persons subject to common control, actual... governmental or government-approved entity having oversight or control over enological practices in the...

  12. 27 CFR 27.140 - Certification requirements for wine.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... two or more persons if one of such persons has actual or legal control, directly or indirectly... ownership interest. An affiliate also means any one of two or more persons subject to common control, actual... governmental or government-approved entity having oversight or control over enological practices in the...

  13. 27 CFR 27.140 - Certification requirements for wine.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... two or more persons if one of such persons has actual or legal control, directly or indirectly... ownership interest. An affiliate also means any one of two or more persons subject to common control, actual... governmental or government-approved entity having oversight or control over enological practices in the...

  14. 27 CFR 27.140 - Certification requirements for wine.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... two or more persons if one of such persons has actual or legal control, directly or indirectly... ownership interest. An affiliate also means any one of two or more persons subject to common control, actual... governmental or government-approved entity having oversight or control over enological practices in the...

  15. Timber salvage economics

    Treesearch

    Jeffrey P. Prestemon; Thomas P. Holmes

    2008-01-01

    Timber salvage is commonly done following natural disturbances, to recover some value from damaged forests. Decision making about salvage, however, is affected by ownership objectives, the nature of the damage agent, site factors, and the strength of the local timber market. For profit-maximizing landowners, salvage decisions must balance the cost of harvesting...

  16. 76 FR 8788 - Riverside Casualty, Inc.; Notice of Application

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-15

    .../search/search.htm or by calling (202) 551-8090. Applicant's Representations 1. The Haskell Company (``THC..., construction, real estate and facility management services. All of the outstanding shares of THC's common stock are owned by The Haskell Company Employee Stock Ownership Trust (``THC ESOP''); Preston H. Haskell III...

  17. 48 CFR 904.7003 - Disclosure of foreign ownership, control, or influence.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... undue risk to the common defense and security through the possible compromise of that information or material. If the DOE determines that such a threat or potential threat exists, the contracting officer... the DOE to obtain information about FOCI which is sufficient to help the Department determine whether...

  18. 24 CFR 5.312 - Notice to tenants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons With Disabilities General Requirements § 5.312 Notice to tenants. (a) During the development of pet rules as described in...) Tenants are permitted to own and keep common household pets in their dwelling units, in accordance with...

  19. 24 CFR 5.312 - Notice to tenants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons With Disabilities General Requirements § 5.312 Notice to tenants. (a) During the development of pet rules as described in...) Tenants are permitted to own and keep common household pets in their dwelling units, in accordance with...

  20. 24 CFR 5.312 - Notice to tenants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons With Disabilities General Requirements § 5.312 Notice to tenants. (a) During the development of pet rules as described in...) Tenants are permitted to own and keep common household pets in their dwelling units, in accordance with...

  1. 24 CFR 5.312 - Notice to tenants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons With Disabilities General Requirements § 5.312 Notice to tenants. (a) During the development of pet rules as described in...) Tenants are permitted to own and keep common household pets in their dwelling units, in accordance with...

  2. 24 CFR 5.312 - Notice to tenants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Pet Ownership for the Elderly or Persons With Disabilities General Requirements § 5.312 Notice to tenants. (a) During the development of pet rules as described in...) Tenants are permitted to own and keep common household pets in their dwelling units, in accordance with...

  3. Enterprise Standard Industrial Classification Manual. 1974.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Executive Office of the President, Washington, DC. Statistical Policy Div.

    This classification is presented to provide a standard for use with statistics about enterprises (i.e., companies, rather than their individual establishments) by kind of economic activity. The enterprise unit consists of all establishments under common direct or indirect ownership. It is defined to include all entities, including subsidiaries,…

  4. 29 CFR 98.905 - Affiliate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... determine control include, but are not limited to— (a) Interlocking management or ownership; (b) Identity of interests among family members; (c) Shared facilities and equipment; (d) Common use of employees; or (e) A business entity which has been organized following the exclusion of a person which has the same or similar...

  5. 7 CFR 3017.905 - Affiliate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... determine control include, but are not limited to— (a) Interlocking management or ownership; (b) Identity of interests among family members; (c) Shared facilities and equipment; (d) Common use of employees; or (e) A business entity which has been organized following the exclusion of a person which has the same or similar...

  6. 75 FR 76725 - Combined Notice of Filings No. 1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-09

    ... Through Foreclosure of the Indirect Common Equity Ownership of a Power Plant and Request for an Order...: Docket Numbers: EC11-25-000. Applicants: MILFORD POWER CO LLC, EquiPower Resources Corp. Description: Joint Application of Milford Power Company, LLC and EquiPower Resources Corp. for Authorization of...

  7. 26 CFR 1.1502-90A - Table of contents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... general. (2) Examples. (e) Filing the election to apportion. (1) Form of the election to apportion. (2...) Principal purpose of avoiding a limitation. (5) Special rules. (6) Examples. (e) Pre-change consolidated... ownership change under this section. (e) Information statements. (1) Common parent of a loss group. (2...

  8. Leadership for Learning: An Action Theory of School Change.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wagner, Tony

    2001-01-01

    Common factors contributing to teachers' resistance include risk aversion, craft expertise, and autonomy and isolation. Leaders' problem is to create ownership, not buy-in. Principals cannot make change alone or by edict, but must nurture engagement and commitment and motivate groups to learn and solve problems cooperatively. (MLH)

  9. 42 CFR 417.810 - Final settlement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... common ownership or control; (ii) The HCPP's methods of apportioning costs among its Medicare enrollees... extension of time to submit a cost report for good cause shown. (4) Failure to report required financial... good cause shown, CMS may— (i) Regard the failure to report this information as evidence of likely...

  10. Pedagogical Voyeurism: Dialogic Critique of Documentation and Assessment of Learning

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Matusov, Eugene; Marjanovic-Shane, Ana; Meacham, Sohyun

    2016-01-01

    We challenge a common emphasis on documentation and assessment of learning for providing good education: from the mainstream of neoliberal accountability movement to the progressive Reggio Emilia schools. We develop these arguments through discussing: 1) immeasurableness of education and learning, 2) students' ownership/authorship of education and…

  11. No Ownership of Common Factors

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tryon, Warren W.; Tryon, Georgiana Shick

    2011-01-01

    Comments on the original article, "The efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy," by J. Shedler. Shedler's informative article raised several issues worthy of comment. His choice of the word distinctive (p. 98) in describing aspects of psychodynamic technique is open to at least two interpretations. On the one hand, distinctive can have a…

  12. 47 CFR 53.207 - Successor or assign.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES (CONTINUED) SPECIAL.... If a BOC transfers to an affiliated entity ownership of any network elements that must be provided on... “assign” of the BOC under section 3(4) of the Act with respect to such transferred network elements. A BOC...

  13. Area-Level Socioeconomic Factors Are Associated With Noncompletion of Pediatric Preventive Services.

    PubMed

    Jones, Margaret N; Brown, Courtney M; Widener, Michael J; Sucharew, Heidi J; Beck, Andrew F

    2016-07-01

    We examined 4872 infants born consecutively, 2011-2012, and seen at 3 primary care centers to determine whether area-based socioeconomic measures were associated with noncompletion of common preventive services within the first 15 months. Addresses were geocoded and linked to census tract poverty, adult educational attainment, and household vehicle ownership rates. The quartile of patients in the highest poverty (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.54) and lowest vehicle ownership tracts (aOR 1.32; 95% CI 1.07-1.63) had significantly increased odds of service noncompletion. There were significant spatial clusters of low completion in Cincinnati's urban core. These findings have implications for preventive service delivery. © The Author(s) 2016.

  14. IRS Could Better Protect U.S. Tax Interests in Determining the Income of Multinational Corporations.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-09-30

    together by ties of common ownership and responsive to a common management strat- egy. 2/ Unlike a corporation which conducts business in only one...multinational corporate tax returns. The Assistant Commissi3ner carries out this responsibility through the IRS Examination Divi- sion and Office of...information return would not place an added burden on the corporations be- cause the corporations are currently providing similar data in response to

  15. Does Pet Ownership in Infancy Lead to Asthma or Allergy at School Age? Pooled Analysis of Individual Participant Data from 11 European Birth Cohorts

    PubMed Central

    Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Mowinckel, Petter; Wijga, Alet H.; Brunekreef, Bert; Torrent, Maties; Roberts, Graham; Arshad, S. Hasan; Kull, Inger; Krämer, Ursula; von Berg, Andrea; Eller, Esben; Høst, Arne; Kuehni, Claudia; Spycher, Ben; Sunyer, Jordi; Chen, Chih-Mei; Reich, Andreas; Asarnoj, Anna; Puig, Carmen; Herbarth, Olf; Mahachie John, Jestinah M.; Van Steen, Kristel; Willich, Stefan N.; Wahn, Ulrich; Lau, Susanne; Keil, Thomas; Wickman, Magnus; Hallner, Eva; Alm, Johan; Almqvist, Catarina; Wennergren, Göran; Alm, Bernt; Heinrich, Joachim; Smit, Henriette A.; Thijs, Carel; Mommers, Monique; Bindslev-Jensen, Carsten; Halken, Susanne; Fantini, Maria Pia; Bravi, Francesca; Porta, Daniela; Forastiere, Francesco; Custovic, Adnan; Dubakiene, Ruta; Mahachie, Jestinah

    2012-01-01

    Objective To examine the associations between pet keeping in early childhood and asthma and allergies in children aged 6–10 years. Design Pooled analysis of individual participant data of 11 prospective European birth cohorts that recruited a total of over 22,000 children in the 1990s. Exposure definition Ownership of only cats, dogs, birds, rodents, or cats/dogs combined during the first 2 years of life. Outcome definition Current asthma (primary outcome), allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis and allergic sensitization during 6–10 years of age. Data synthesis Three-step approach: (i) Common definition of outcome and exposure variables across cohorts; (ii) calculation of adjusted effect estimates for each cohort; (iii) pooling of effect estimates by using random effects meta-analysis models. Results We found no association between furry and feathered pet keeping early in life and asthma in school age. For example, the odds ratio for asthma comparing cat ownership with “no pets” (10 studies, 11489 participants) was 1.00 (95% confidence interval 0.78 to 1.28) (I2 = 9%; p = 0.36). The odds ratio for asthma comparing dog ownership with “no pets” (9 studies, 11433 participants) was 0.77 (0.58 to 1.03) (I2 = 0%, p = 0.89). Owning both cat(s) and dog(s) compared to “no pets” resulted in an odds ratio of 1.04 (0.59 to 1.84) (I2 = 33%, p = 0.18). Similarly, for allergic asthma and for allergic rhinitis we did not find associations regarding any type of pet ownership early in life. However, we found some evidence for an association between ownership of furry pets during the first 2 years of life and reduced likelihood of becoming sensitized to aero-allergens. Conclusions Pet ownership in early life did not appear to either increase or reduce the risk of asthma or allergic rhinitis symptoms in children aged 6–10. Advice from health care practitioners to avoid or to specifically acquire pets for primary prevention of asthma or allergic rhinitis in children should not be given. PMID:22952649

  16. 26 CFR 1.544-3 - Constructive ownership by reason of family and partnership ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Constructive ownership by reason of family and... Constructive ownership by reason of family and partnership ownership. (a) The following example illustrates the application of section 544(a)(2), relating to constructive ownership by reason of family and partnership...

  17. 26 CFR 1.544-3 - Constructive ownership by reason of family and partnership ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Constructive ownership by reason of family and... Constructive ownership by reason of family and partnership ownership. (a) The following example illustrates the application of section 544(a)(2), relating to constructive ownership by reason of family and partnership...

  18. 26 CFR 1.544-3 - Constructive ownership by reason of family and partnership ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2014-04-01 2013-04-01 true Constructive ownership by reason of family and... Constructive ownership by reason of family and partnership ownership. (a) The following example illustrates the application of section 544(a)(2), relating to constructive ownership by reason of family and partnership...

  19. 26 CFR 1.544-3 - Constructive ownership by reason of family and partnership ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Constructive ownership by reason of family and... Constructive ownership by reason of family and partnership ownership. (a) The following example illustrates the application of section 544(a)(2), relating to constructive ownership by reason of family and partnership...

  20. 26 CFR 1.544-3 - Constructive ownership by reason of family and partnership ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Constructive ownership by reason of family and... Constructive ownership by reason of family and partnership ownership. (a) The following example illustrates the application of section 544(a)(2), relating to constructive ownership by reason of family and partnership...

  1. Controlling new knowledge: Genomic science, governance and the politics of bioinformatics.

    PubMed

    Salter, Brian; Salter, Charlotte

    2017-04-01

    The rise of bioinformatics is a direct response to the political difficulties faced by genomics in its quest to be a new biomedical innovation, and the value of bioinformatics lies in its role as the bridge between the promise of genomics and its realization in the form of health benefits. Western scientific elites are able to use their close relationship with the state to control and facilitate the emergence of new domains compatible with the existing distribution of epistemic power - all within the embrace of public trust. The incorporation of bioinformatics as the saviour of genomics had to be integrated with the operation of two key aspects of governance in this field: the definition and ownership of the new knowledge. This was achieved mainly by the development of common standards and by the promotion of the values of communality, open access and the public ownership of data to legitimize and maintain the governance power of publicly funded genomic science. Opposition from industry advocating the private ownership of knowledge has been largely neutered through the institutions supporting the science-state concordat. However, in order for translation into health benefits to occur and public trust to be assured, genomic and clinical data have to be integrated and knowledge ownership agreed upon across the separate and distinct governance territories of scientist, clinical medicine and society. Tensions abound as science seeks ways of maintaining its control of knowledge production through the negotiation of new forms of governance with the institutions and values of clinicians and patients.

  2. Curriculum, Intellectual Property Rights and Open Educational Resources in British Universities--and Beyond

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hawkridge, David; Armellini, Alejandro; Nikoi, Samuel; Rowlett, Tania; Witthaus, Gabi

    2010-01-01

    Is the curriculum in British universities being influenced by decisions about ownership of intellectual property rights (IPR) in "open educational resources" (OERs) that are available online under Creative Commons licenses, free of charge? This paper provides the context for, describes and analyses three significant examples in British…

  3. 78 FR 17763 - Housatonic Railroad Company, Inc., Maybrook Railroad Company, and Housatonic Transportation...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-22

    ... Family Transaction Exemption Housatonic Railroad Company, Inc. (HRRC), Maybrook Railroad Company (MRC... notice of exemption under 49 CFR 1180.2(d)(3) and 1180.2(d)(6) for an intra-corporate family transaction... ownership and common control and are members of the Housatonic corporate family. \\1\\ The Berkshire Line is...

  4. Helping Farmers Access Farmland: New Jersey's New Land Link Website

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schilling, Brian J.; Marxen, Lucas J.; Everett, Jeffrey C.; Miller, Camille L.; Kimmel, David A.; Cook, Justine C.

    2015-01-01

    Access to land is a common obstacle for beginning farmers and established farmers seeking to expand their operations. Particularly in urban-influenced areas, leasing farmland is often more financially feasible than fee ownership. Locating available land or the right leasing situation, however, can be difficult. NJ Land Link (http://njlandlink.org)…

  5. How large is large? Identifying large corporate ownerships in FIA datasets

    Treesearch

    Jesse Caputo; Brett Butler; Andy Hartsell

    2017-01-01

    Forest ownership size is a continuous variable, albeit one with a distinctly nonnormal distribution. Although large corporate forest ownerships are expected to differ in terms of behavior and objectives from smaller corporate ownerships, there is no clear and unambiguous means of defined these two ownership groups. We examined the distribution of the ownership size...

  6. A Framework to Reduce Infectious Disease Risk from Urban Poultry in the United States

    PubMed Central

    Tobin, Molly R.; Goldshear, Jesse L.; Price, Lance B.; Graham, Jay P.

    2015-01-01

    Objectives Backyard poultry ownership is increasingly common in U.S. cities and is regulated at the local level. Human contact with live poultry is a well-known risk for infection with zoonotic pathogens, notably Salmonella, yet the ability of local jurisdictions to reduce the risk of infectious disease transmission from poultry to humans is unstudied. We reviewed urban poultry ordinances in the United States and reported Salmonella outbreaks from backyard poultry to identify regulatory gaps in preventing zoonotic pathogen transmission. Based on this analysis, we propose regulatory guidelines for U.S. cities to reduce infectious disease risk from backyard poultry ownership. Methods We assessed local ordinances in the 150 most populous U.S. jurisdictions for content related to noncommercial poultry ownership using online resources and communications with government officials. We also performed a literature review using publicly available data sources to identify human infectious disease outbreaks caused by contact with backyard poultry. Results Of the cities reviewed, 93% (n=139) permit poultry in some capacity. Most urban poultry ordinances share common characteristics focused on reducing nuisance to neighbors. Ordinances do not address many pathways of transmission relevant to poultry-to-human transmission of pathogens, such as manure management. Conclusions To reduce the risk of pathogen exposure from backyard poultry, urban ordinances should incorporate the following seven components: limited flock size, composting of manure in sealed containers, prohibition of slaughter, required veterinary care to sick birds, appropriate disposal of dead birds, annual permits linked to consumer education, and a registry of poultry owners. PMID:26346104

  7. Study on the ownership balance and the efficiency of mixed ownership enterprises from the perspective of heterogeneous shareholders

    PubMed Central

    Yin, Zhujia; Liu, Lijuan; Wang, Haidong

    2018-01-01

    Based on the database data of Chinese industrial enterprises from 2000 to 2007 and the LP method, this paper measures the total factor productivity of enterprises and investigates the effect of different mixed ownership forms on enterprises’ efficiency and the effect of heterogeneous ownership balance on the mixed ownership enterprises’ efficiency. The state-owned enterprise and mixed ownership enterprise are identified by the enterprise’s paid-up capital. The results show that, on the whole, for the mixed ownership enterprise, the higher the diversification degree of the shareholders is, the higher the efficiency becomes, and in different types of industries, the mixed forms of shareholders have different effects on the efficiency of enterprises. The heterogeneous ownership balance and the enterprise efficiency show nonlinear U-type relationships. Both the higher and lower heterogeneous ownership balance degrees will promote the enterprise’s efficiency. However, when the ownership balance degree is in the range of [0.2 0.5], the increase in ownership balance will lead to the decline of enterprise efficiency. Therefore, when introducing non-state-owned capital, state-owned enterprises should take full account of their own characteristics by rationally controlling the shareholding ratio of non-state-owned capital and play the positive role of a mixed ownership structure in corporate governance with appropriate ownership balances. PMID:29614126

  8. Dignity and the ownership and use of body parts.

    PubMed

    Foster, Charles

    2014-10-01

    Property-based models of the ownership of body parts are common. They are inadequate. They fail to deal satisfactorily with many important problems, and even when they do work, they rely on ideas that have to be derived from deeper, usually unacknowledged principles. This article proposes that the parent principle is always human dignity, and that one will get more satisfactory answers if one interrogates the older, wiser parent instead of the younger, callow offspring. But human dignity has a credibility problem. It is often seen as hopelessly amorphous or incurably theological. These accusations are often just. But a more thorough exegesis exculpates dignity and gives it its proper place at the fountainhead of bioethics. Dignity is objective human thriving. Thriving considerations can and should be applied to dead people as well as live ones. To use dignity properly, the unit of bioethical analysis needs to be the whole transaction rather than (for instance) the doctor-patient relationship. The dignity interests of all the stakeholders are assessed in a sort of utilitarianism. Its use in relation to body part ownership is demonstrated. Article 8(1) of the European Convention of Human Rights endorses and mandates this approach.

  9. Youth in detention and handguns.

    PubMed

    Callahan, C M; Rivara, F P; Farrow, J A

    1993-07-01

    The objective of this work was to describe the frequency and correlates of handgun ownership and firearm injury experiences among youth in a detention facility. A convenience sample of 89 males detained in the King County Youth Services Center, a short-term holding facility, voluntarily completed an anonymous survey. Results showed that 59% of the youth reported owning a handgun. Firearm experiences included carrying a gun to school (46%); firing at another person (68% of handgun owners); firearm injury to self (27%); death of a close friend or family member to firearm homicide or suicide (35%). Personal safety far exceeded recreational use of guns as motivation for self-arming (52% versus 4%). Handgun ownership was more common among youth who reported problem behaviors. Adjusting for age and controlling for covariation of the problem behaviors, gang membership [odds ratio (OR) 6.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-26.1], committing assault and battery (OR 7.7; 95% CI 2.2-26.8) and selling drugs (OR 3.6; 95% CI 0.99-13.4) were associated with handgun ownership. Our conclusion was that firearm experiences for youth in detention pose health risks equal to or far exceeding other high-risk behaviors in this population.

  10. Firearm Ownership and Violent Crime in the U.S.: An Ecologic Study.

    PubMed

    Monuteaux, Michael C; Lee, Lois K; Hemenway, David; Mannix, Rebekah; Fleegler, Eric W

    2015-08-01

    Although some view the ownership of firearms as a deterrent to crime, the relationship between population-level firearm ownership rates and violent criminal perpetration is unclear. The purpose of this study is to test the association between state-level firearm ownership and violent crime. State-level rates of household firearm ownership and annual rates of criminal acts from 2001, 2002, and 2004 were analyzed in 2014. Firearm ownership rates were taken from a national survey and crime data were taken from the Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports. Rates of criminal behavior were estimated as a function of household gun ownership using negative binomial regression models, controlling for several demographic factors. Higher levels of firearm ownership were associated with higher levels of firearm assault and firearm robbery. There was also a significant association between firearm ownership and firearm homicide, as well as overall homicide. The findings do not support the hypothesis that higher population firearm ownership rates reduce firearm-associated criminal perpetration. On the contrary, evidence shows that states with higher levels of firearm ownership have an increased risk for violent crimes perpetrated with a firearm. Public health stakeholders should consider the outcomes associated with private firearm ownership. Copyright © 2015 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  11. 47 CFR 73.3555 - Multiple ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... vertical ownership chain and application of the relevant attribution benchmark to the resulting product, except that wherever the ownership percentage for any link in the chain exceeds 50%, it shall not be... multiplication of the ownership percentages for each link in the vertical ownership chain and application of the...

  12. 47 CFR 73.3555 - Multiple ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... vertical ownership chain and application of the relevant attribution benchmark to the resulting product, except that wherever the ownership percentage for any link in the chain exceeds 50%, it shall not be... multiplication of the ownership percentages for each link in the vertical ownership chain and application of the...

  13. 77 FR 43967 - Account Ownership and Control Report; Withdrawal

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-26

    ... 15, 16, 17, et al. Account Ownership and Control Report; Withdrawal; Ownership and Control Reports... RIN 3038-AC63 Account Ownership and Control Report; Withdrawal AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading... ownership and control information for all trading accounts active on U.S. futures exchanges and other...

  14. 24 CFR 242.9 - Physician ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... within limits determined by HUD to avoid insurance risks that may be associated with such ownership. The... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Physician ownership. 242.9 Section... INSURANCE FOR HOSPITALS General Eligibility Requirements § 242.9 Physician ownership. Ownership of an...

  15. 47 CFR 73.3555 - Multiple ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... vertical ownership chain and application of the relevant attribution benchmark to the resulting product, except that wherever the ownership percentage for any link in the chain exceeds 50%, it shall not be... multiplication of the ownership percentages for each link in the vertical ownership chain and application of the...

  16. 47 CFR 73.3555 - Multiple ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... vertical ownership chain and application of the relevant attribution benchmark to the resulting product, except that wherever the ownership percentage for any link in the chain exceeds 50%, it shall not be... multiplication of the ownership percentages for each link in the vertical ownership chain and application of the...

  17. 47 CFR 73.3555 - Multiple ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... vertical ownership chain and application of the relevant attribution benchmark to the resulting product, except that wherever the ownership percentage for any link in the chain exceeds 50%, it shall not be... multiplication of the ownership percentages for each link in the vertical ownership chain and application of the...

  18. Psychological Ownership and Ownership Markers in Collaborative Working Environment

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wang, Qian Ying

    2010-01-01

    Ownership is a fundamental human concern. It has been explored by various disciplines and within a variety of contexts. However, previous ownership researches focus primarily on physical objects such as toys, houses and stamps, while almost no research has been conducted about the psychological ownership toward digital entities. This dissertation…

  19. 78 FR 41314 - Review of Foreign Ownership Policies for Common Carrier and Aeronautical Radio Licensees

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-10

    ... individuals, governments, and corporations in U.S.-organized entities that directly or indirectly control a U....-organized entities that do not control the licensee, to the extent the Commission determines such foreign... foreign investment that may pose a risk of harm to important national policies. WTO and Non-WTO Investment...

  20. 77 FR 65747 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; CBOE Futures Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-30

    ... money passes, CFE Rule 618 relating to accommodation trading, and CFE Rule 619 relating to front-running... orders for different accounts with common beneficial ownership that are entered with the intent to negate... Law. CFE Rule 619 regarding front running is proposed to provide that no Trading Privilege Holder nor...

  1. Health Problems and Male Firearm Suicide

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hempstead, Katherine; Nguyen, Tuan; David-Rus, Richard; Jacquemin, Bretta

    2013-01-01

    Drawing on constructs of masculinity as it relates to both gun ownership and men's health, we use a rich data set, the New Jersey Violent Death Reporting System as well as hospital discharge data, to analyze 3,413 completed male suicides between the years of 2003 and 2009. We test the hypotheses that the use of firearms is more common when…

  2. 12 CFR Appendix M2 to Part 226 - Actual Repayment Disclosures

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Disclosures (a) Calculating actual repayment disclosures. (1) Definitions. (i) “Retail credit card” means a credit card that is issued by a retailer that can be used only in transactions with the retailer or a group of retailers that are related by common ownership or control, or a credit card where a retailer...

  3. Occupational Skill Standards. Experience Shows Industry Involvement To Be Key. Testimony before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, U.S. Senate.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Morra, Linda G.

    A study reviewed eight standards and certification systems for occupations that required less than a bachelor's degree for entry-level employment. Common elements among systems included industry ownership and control, recertification requirements to keep certificate holders' skills current, national portability of credentials, and integration of…

  4. Defense Acquisition Transformation Report to Congress

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-02-01

    current initiatives and for the purposes of this report are put into a framework of workforce, acquisition, requirements, budget, industry and organization...requirements. The Capability Portfolio Management Initiative provides a common framework to recognize federated ownership and senior-level teams have been...Performance Trade Off Constraints Risk Based Source Selection techniques are also being piloted to provide an improved framework for

  5. Proceedings: views from the ridge—considerations for planning at the landscape scale.

    Treesearch

    Hermann Gucinski; Cynthia Miner; Becky Bittner

    2004-01-01

    When resource managers, researchers, and policymakers approach landscape management, they bring perspectives that reflect their disciplines, the decisions they make, and their objectives. In working at a landscape level, they need to begin developing some common scales of perspective across the variety of forest ownerships and usages. This proceedings is a compilation...

  6. 78 FR 34646 - Pure Magnesium from the People's Republic of China: Preliminary Results of 2011-2012 Antidumping...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-10

    ...(f),\\8\\ due to the high level of common ownership, interlocking boards and managers, and intertwined... will be unable to assign the collapsed entity a joint cash deposit rate under both company names, and may determine the cash deposit rate for TMM by relying upon adverse facts available. Methodology The...

  7. 42 CFR 414.412 - Submission of bids under a competitive bidding program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... D of this part. (c) Furnishing of items. A bid must include all costs related to furnishing an item... capital, stock or profits of another supplier; (ii) A controlling interest exists if one or more of owners... controlling interest and each supplier which has an ownership or controlling interest in it. (3) Commonly...

  8. Incorporating shrub and snag specific LiDAR data into GAP wildlife models

    Treesearch

    Teresa J Lorenz; Kerri T Vierling; Jody Vogeler; Jeffrey Lonneker; Jocelyn Aycrigg

    2015-01-01

    The U.S. Geological Survey’s Gap Analysis Program (hereafter, GAP) is a nationally based program that uses land cover, vertebrate distributions, and land ownership to identify locations where gaps in conservation coverage exist, and GAP products are commonly used by government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and private citizens. The GAP land-cover...

  9. 13 CFR 107.750 - Conditions for financing a change of ownership of a Small Business.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... development or preserve the existence of the Small Business; (2) Help create a Small Business as a result of a... financing, mergers, and acquisitions. (2) For purposes of this section, “debt” means long-term debt... concern's fiscal year). (3) For purposes of this section, “equity” means common and preferred stock...

  10. Effect of Facility Ownership on Utilization of Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery.

    PubMed

    Black, Eric M; Reynolds, John; Maltenfort, Mitchell G; Williams, Gerald R; Abboud, Joseph A; Lazarus, Mark D

    2018-03-01

    We examined practice patterns and surgical indications in the management of common shoulder procedures by surgeons practicing at physician-owned facilities. This study was a retrospective analysis of 501 patients who underwent arthroscopic shoulder procedures performed by five surgeons in our practice at one of five facilities during an 18-month period. Two of the facilities were physician-owned, and three of the five surgeons were shareholders. Demographics, insurance status, symptom duration, time from injury/symptom onset to the decision to perform surgery (at which time surgical consent is obtained), and time to schedule surgery were studied to determine the influence of facility type and physician shareholder status. Median duration of symptoms before surgery was significantly shorter in workers' compensation patients than in non-workers' compensation patients (47% less; P < 0.0001) and in men than in women (31% less; P < 0.001), but was not influenced by shareholder status or facility ownership (P > 0.05). Time between presentation and surgical consent was not influenced by facility ownership (P = 0.39) or shareholder status (P = 0.50). Time from consent to procedure was 13% faster in physician-owned facilities than in non-physician-owned facilities (P = 0.03) and 35% slower with shareholder physicians than with nonshareholder physicians (P < 0.0001). The role of physician investment in private healthcare facilities has caused considerable debate in the orthopaedic surgery field. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the effects of shareholder status and facility ownership on surgeons' practice patterns, surgical timing, and measures of nonsurgical treatment before shoulder surgery. Neither shareholder status nor facility ownership characteristics influenced the speed with which surgeons determined that shoulder surgery was indicated or surgeons' use of preoperative nonsurgical treatment. After the need for surgery was determined, patients underwent surgery sooner at physician-owned facilities than at non-physician-owned facilities and with nonshareholder physicians than with shareholder physicians. Level III.

  11. The Rubber Hand Illusion: Feeling of Ownership and Proprioceptive Drift Do Not Go Hand in Hand

    PubMed Central

    Rohde, Marieke; Di Luca, Massimiliano; Ernst, Marc O.

    2011-01-01

    In the Rubber Hand Illusion, the feeling of ownership of a rubber hand displaced from a participant's real occluded hand is evoked by synchronously stroking both hands with paintbrushes. A change of perceived finger location towards the rubber hand (proprioceptive drift) has been reported to correlate with this illusion. To measure the time course of proprioceptive drift during the Rubber Hand Illusion, we regularly interrupted stroking (performed by robot arms) to measure perceived finger location. Measurements were made by projecting a probe dot into the field of view (using a semi-transparent mirror) and asking participants if the dot is to the left or to the right of their invisible hand (Experiment 1) or to adjust the position of the dot to that of their invisible hand (Experiment 2). We varied both the measurement frequency (every 10 s, 40 s, 120 s) and the mode of stroking (synchronous, asynchronous, just vision). Surprisingly, with frequent measurements, proprioceptive drift occurs not only in the synchronous stroking condition but also in the two control conditions (asynchronous stroking, just vision). Proprioceptive drift in the synchronous stroking condition is never higher than in the just vision condition. Only continuous exposure to asynchronous stroking prevents proprioceptive drift and thus replicates the differences in drift reported in the literature. By contrast, complementary subjective ratings (questionnaire) show that the feeling of ownership requires synchronous stroking and is not present in the asynchronous stroking condition. Thus, subjective ratings and drift are dissociated. We conclude that different mechanisms of multisensory integration are responsible for proprioceptive drift and the feeling of ownership. Proprioceptive drift relies on visuoproprioceptive integration alone, a process that is inhibited by asynchronous stroking, the most common control condition in Rubber Hand Illusion experiments. This dissociation implies that conclusions about feelings of ownership cannot be drawn from measuring proprioceptive drift alone. PMID:21738756

  12. Young Children's Understanding of the Limits and Benefits of Group Ownership

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Huh, Michelle; Friedman, Ori

    2017-01-01

    Group ownership is ubiquitous-property is owned by countries, corporations, families, and clubs. However, people cannot understand group ownership by simply relying on their conceptions of ownership by individuals, as group ownership is subject to complexities that do not arise when property is individually owned. We report 6 experiments…

  13. Trends in Reports on Climate Change in 2009-2011 in the Korean Press Based on Daily Newspapers' Ownership Structure

    PubMed Central

    Lee, Jihye; Kim, Hyunsook; Hong, Youngtak; Lee, Weonyoung

    2013-01-01

    Objectives The mass media play a crucial role in risk communication regarding climate change. The aim of this study was to investigate the trend in journalistic reports on climate change in the daily newspapers of Korea. Methods We selected 9 daily newspapers in Korea, which according to the ABC Association, represented 77% of newspaper circulation, out of a total of 44 Korean daily newspapers. The collected articles were from 2009 to 2011. All of the articles were sorted into the following 8 categories: greenhouse gas, climate change conventions, sea level rise, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change synthesis reports, expected damage and effect, use of fossil fuels, global warming, and mitigation or adaptation. A chi-squared test was done on the articles, which were counted and classified into cause, effect, and measurement of climate change according to the newspaper's majority or minority ownership structure. Results From the 9 selected newspapers, the number of articles on climate change by month was greatest in December 2009. Generally, the articles vague about climate change (lack of precise data, negative or skeptical tone, and improper use of terminology) were much more common than the articles presenting accurate knowledge. A statistical difference was found based on ownership structure: the majority-owned newspapers addressed the cause of climate change, while the minority-owned newspapers referred more to climate change measurement. Conclusions Our investigation revealed that generally Korean daily newspapers did not deliver accurate information about climate change. The coverage of the newspapers showed significant differences according to the ownership structure. PMID:23573375

  14. Controlling new knowledge: Genomic science, governance and the politics of bioinformatics

    PubMed Central

    Salter, Brian; Salter, Charlotte

    2017-01-01

    The rise of bioinformatics is a direct response to the political difficulties faced by genomics in its quest to be a new biomedical innovation, and the value of bioinformatics lies in its role as the bridge between the promise of genomics and its realization in the form of health benefits. Western scientific elites are able to use their close relationship with the state to control and facilitate the emergence of new domains compatible with the existing distribution of epistemic power – all within the embrace of public trust. The incorporation of bioinformatics as the saviour of genomics had to be integrated with the operation of two key aspects of governance in this field: the definition and ownership of the new knowledge. This was achieved mainly by the development of common standards and by the promotion of the values of communality, open access and the public ownership of data to legitimize and maintain the governance power of publicly funded genomic science. Opposition from industry advocating the private ownership of knowledge has been largely neutered through the institutions supporting the science-state concordat. However, in order for translation into health benefits to occur and public trust to be assured, genomic and clinical data have to be integrated and knowledge ownership agreed upon across the separate and distinct governance territories of scientist, clinical medicine and society. Tensions abound as science seeks ways of maintaining its control of knowledge production through the negotiation of new forms of governance with the institutions and values of clinicians and patients. PMID:28056721

  15. Trends in reports on climate change in 2009-2011 in the Korean press based on daily newspapers' ownership structure.

    PubMed

    Lee, Jihye; Hong, Yeon-pyo; Kim, Hyunsook; Hong, Youngtak; Lee, Weonyoung

    2013-03-01

    The mass media play a crucial role in risk communication regarding climate change. The aim of this study was to investigate the trend in journalistic reports on climate change in the daily newspapers of Korea. We selected 9 daily newspapers in Korea, which according to the ABC Association, represented 77% of newspaper circulation, out of a total of 44 Korean daily newspapers. The collected articles were from 2009 to 2011. All of the articles were sorted into the following 8 categories: greenhouse gas, climate change conventions, sea level rise, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change synthesis reports, expected damage and effect, use of fossil fuels, global warming, and mitigation or adaptation. A chi-squared test was done on the articles, which were counted and classified into cause, effect, and measurement of climate change according to the newspaper's majority or minority ownership structure. From the 9 selected newspapers, the number of articles on climate change by month was greatest in December 2009. Generally, the articles vague about climate change (lack of precise data, negative or skeptical tone, and improper use of terminology) were much more common than the articles presenting accurate knowledge. A statistical difference was found based on ownership structure: the majority-owned newspapers addressed the cause of climate change, while the minority-owned newspapers referred more to climate change measurement. Our investigation revealed that generally Korean daily newspapers did not deliver accurate information about climate change. The coverage of the newspapers showed significant differences according to the ownership structure.

  16. 77 FR 73461 - Commission Seeks Comment on Broadcast Ownership Report

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-10

    ... information by race, ethnicity, and gender concerning ownership of commercial television, radio, Class A... (``Ownership Report''). The Ownership Report provides detailed information by race, ethnicity, and gender...

  17. Explanation of Louisiana mineral law and the doctrine of liberative prescription: policy considerations for common law jurisdictions

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Dobray, D.

    Louisiana is a leading producer of oil and gas despite its small size in comparison with Texas, Alaska, and California. The author describes the basic features of Louisiana's unique property system and the forms of mineral ownership under that system, including divided ownership and pooled interests. She examines the state's pro-development doctrine of liberative prescription and its effect on mineral rights, and discusses the policy choices which permeate the state's approach. Louisiana mineral law is based upon notions inherent in the Civil Law that dismembered interests in land cannot be conveyed in perpetuity nor transferred or reserved as future interests,more » which allows mineral rights to be terminated if they are unused. Louisiana incorporates a computerized approach to dispute resolution, thanks to a rich legislative and jurisprudential background.« less

  18. 7 CFR 4290.420 - Prohibition on exercise of ownership or Control rights in RBIC before approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Prohibition on exercise of ownership or Control... Changes in Control Or Ownership of Rbic § 4290.420 Prohibition on exercise of ownership or Control rights... proposed new owner(s) to exercise voting rights with respect to such ownership interest (including directly...

  19. 7 CFR 4290.420 - Prohibition on exercise of ownership or Control rights in RBIC before approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Prohibition on exercise of ownership or Control... Changes in Control Or Ownership of Rbic § 4290.420 Prohibition on exercise of ownership or Control rights... proposed new owner(s) to exercise voting rights with respect to such ownership interest (including directly...

  20. 7 CFR 4290.420 - Prohibition on exercise of ownership or Control rights in RBIC before approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Prohibition on exercise of ownership or Control... Changes in Control Or Ownership of Rbic § 4290.420 Prohibition on exercise of ownership or Control rights... proposed new owner(s) to exercise voting rights with respect to such ownership interest (including directly...

  1. 7 CFR 4290.420 - Prohibition on exercise of ownership or Control rights in RBIC before approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Prohibition on exercise of ownership or Control... Changes in Control Or Ownership of Rbic § 4290.420 Prohibition on exercise of ownership or Control rights... proposed new owner(s) to exercise voting rights with respect to such ownership interest (including directly...

  2. Theme: Employee Ownership.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gordon, Michael E.; And Others

    1991-01-01

    Includes "Introduction" (Gordon); "Employee Ownership: Opportunities for Unions" (Blasi, Kruse); "Participation, Control, and Performance" (Rosen); Beyond the Contract: Taking on Ownership" (Mackin); "Worker Participation on Boards of Directors" (Hammer); and "Case Study of Employee Ownership and…

  3. Lack of agreement over the use and ownership of the internationally shared resources (such as air space, outer space and the oceans) leading to international conflict

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1975-01-01

    The lack of adequate institutional mechanisms to regulate, monitor and govern the use of commonly owned world resources appears to be politically destabilizing and subject to socioeconomic pressures of overpopulation, food shortages, cartelism, terrorism, and wealth distribution to developing countries. The capacity and propensity to wage war and its potential consequences are elaborated. It is shown that technology is one of the dominant factors affecting the exploration and management of commonly shared resources.

  4. Teaching Small Business Ownership and Management

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Leach, James A.

    1977-01-01

    Topics discussed include integrating small business ownership with existing programs; establishing awareness, exploration, and orientation activities; and preparation for small business ownership. A curriculum guide developed for teaching small business ownership and management is also described. (TA)

  5. Off-balance-sheet financing can generate capital for strategic development.

    PubMed

    Campobasso, F D

    2000-06-01

    To manage their real estate portfolios effectively and obtain funding for strategic development, IDSs should consider adopting off-balance-sheet financing strategies, such as sale-and-leaseback transactions, synthetic leases, and joint-venture arrangements. Under these approaches, real estate assets are moved off of the organization's balance sheet via a partial or complete transfer of ownership to a third-party entity. The organization typically retains a satisfactory degree of control over the assets as lessee in sale-and-leaseback and synthetic-lease arrangements, or limited or minority partner in a joint venture, while freeing up cash to use for other strategic purposes.

  6. Satellite power system (SPS) financial/management scenarios

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1978-10-01

    The problems of financing and managing a large-scale, lengthy SPS program reduce to the key questions of ownership and control. Ownership (that is, the sources of capital) may be governmental, corporate, or individual; control may be exercised by a government agency, a government-sanctioned monopoly, or a competitive corporation. Since the R and D phase and the commercial implementation phase of an SPS program are qualitatively very different with respect to length of time before return-on-investment, we have considered two general categories of SPS organizations: (1) organizations capable of carrying out a complete SPS program, from R and D through commercialization;more » (2) organizations capable of carrying out commercial implementation only. Six organizational models for carrying out the complete SPS program have been examined in some detail: 1) existing government agencies (DOE, NASA, etc.); 2) a new government agency, patterned after TVA; 3) a taxpayer stock corporation, a new concept; 4) a trust fund supported by energy taxes, patterned after the financing of the Interstate Highway System; 5) a federal agency financed by bonds, patterned after the Federal National Mortgage Association; and 6) the staging company, a new concept, already in the early stages of implementation as a private venture. Four additional organizational forms have been considered for commercial implementation of SPS: 7) a government-chartered monopoly, patterned after the Communications Satellite Corporation; 8) the consortium model, already widely used for large-scale projects; 9) the corporate socialism model, patterned after such developments as the transcontinental railroad; and 10) the universal capitalism model, a concept partially implemented in the 1976 legislation creating Employee Stock Ownership Plans. A number of qualitative criteria for comparative assessment of these alternatives have been developed.« less

  7. Adolescents' electronic media use at night, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms in the smartphone age.

    PubMed

    Lemola, Sakari; Perkinson-Gloor, Nadine; Brand, Serge; Dewald-Kaufmann, Julia F; Grob, Alexander

    2015-02-01

    Adolescence is a time of increasing vulnerability for poor mental health, including depression. Sleep disturbance is an important risk factor for the development of depression during adolescence. Excessive electronic media use at night is a risk factor for both adolescents' sleep disturbance and depression. To better understand the interplay between sleep, depressive symptoms, and electronic media use at night, this study examined changes in adolescents' electronic media use at night and sleep associated with smartphone ownership. Also examined was whether sleep disturbance mediated the relationship between electronic media use at night and depressive symptoms. 362 adolescents (12-17 year olds, M = 14.8, SD = 1.3; 44.8% female) were included and completed questionnaires assessing sleep disturbance (short sleep duration and sleep difficulties) and depressive symptoms. Further, participants reported on their electronic media use in bed before sleep such as frequency of watching TV or movies, playing video games, talking or text messaging on the mobile phone, and spending time online. Smartphone ownership was related to more electronic media use in bed before sleep, particularly calling/sending messages and spending time online compared to adolescents with a conventional mobile phone. Smartphone ownership was also related to later bedtimes while it was unrelated to sleep disturbance and symptoms of depression. Sleep disturbance partially mediated the relationship between electronic media use in bed before sleep and symptoms of depression. Electronic media use was negatively related with sleep duration and positively with sleep difficulties, which in turn were related to depressive symptoms. Sleep difficulties were the more important mediator than sleep duration. The results of this study suggest that adolescents might benefit from education regarding sleep hygiene and the risks of electronic media use at night.

  8. Japan's New Technology Transfer System and the Pre-Emption of University Discoveries by Sponsored Research and Co-Inventorship

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kneller, Robert

    2007-01-01

    Following the incorporation of Japanese national universities in April 2004, the ownership of university inventions is now similar to that in the USA. However, in contrast to the USA, joint research projects involving close collaboration with company researchers who are frequently named as co-inventors are common. A large proportion of university…

  9. 26 CFR 5.1502-45 - Limitation on losses to amount at risk.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Limitation on losses to amount at risk. 5.1502... Limitation on losses to amount at risk. (a) In general—(1) Scope. This section applies to a loss of any subsidiary if the common parent's stock meets the stock ownership requirement described in section 465(a)(1...

  10. Alternatives to estimate statewide changes in aspen cover type volumes

    Treesearch

    Curtis L. VanderSchaaf

    2015-01-01

    For Minnesota, the only data available to conduct regional or state-wide level assessments across all ownerships is the Forest Inventory and Analysis Program (FIA). Some of the many alternatives available to estimate regional changes in standing volume are referred to here as 1.) FIA alternative, 2.) a commonly applied growth and yield system referred to as Walters and...

  11. Supporting Non-State Providers in Basic Education Service Delivery. Create Pathways to Access. Research Monograph No. 4

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rose, Pauline

    2007-01-01

    Basic education is commonly regarded as a state responsibility. However, in reality, non-state providers (NSPs) have always been involved in basic education service delivery, and there is often a blurring of boundaries between state and non-state roles with respect to financing, ownership, management, and regulation. In recent years, the focus on…

  12. Alcohol-Branded Merchandise Ownership and Drinking.

    PubMed

    Jones, Sandra C

    2016-05-01

    Alcohol-branded merchandise (ABM) has a longer shelf-life than other forms of alcohol marketing and the potential to become integrated into children's self-identities. This review sought to explore the current literature on children's exposure to, and the impact of, ABM. PsycInfo, Proquest, Science Direct, and ABI-Inform databases were searched from the earliest available date to May 2015. Additional studies were identified by a manual review of the reference lists of retrieved articles and contacting the corresponding author of each included study. Articles that reported on child or adolescent ownership of ABM and/or the relationship between ABM ownership and drinking were included. Data on key measures were tabulated; where data of interest were not reported, requests for further information were sent to the articles' authors. Nine cross-sectional and 4 longitudinal studies were identified. ABM ownership ranged from 11% to 59% and was higher among older children and males. Seven cross-sectional studies reported associations between ABM ownership and drinking-related behaviors. All 4 longitudinal studies reported a significant relationship between ownership at baseline and drinking initiation at follow-up. The small number of available studies, with different measures of ABM ownership and of associations/effects. The few studies exploring ABM ownership are consistent in showing high rates of ownership and associations between ownership and current and future drinking. There is a need for further research into specific aspects of ABM ownership. However, there is also a need for policy interventions to reduce children's access to and ownership of ABM. Copyright © 2016 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

  13. 13 CFR 107.750 - Conditions for financing a change of ownership of a Small Business.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... of ownership of a Small Business. You may finance a change of ownership of a Small Business only... corporate divestiture; or (3) Facilitate ownership in a Disadvantaged Business. (b) The Resulting Concern...

  14. [The elderly and their pets. Supportive and problematic aspects and implications for care. A descriptive study].

    PubMed

    Graf, S

    1999-04-01

    Pet ownership by elderly people is very common. This phenomenological study investigated why elderly people keep pets and what illness of the animals or their loss means to them. Nine women and three men owning either cats, dogs, or birds participated in this study. Their average age was 84. The results confirm on the one hand that elderly people experience happiness and joy thanks to having pets, giving them an ingenious social function as well as helping overcome the frequent passivity of old age. The problems arising with the ownership of animals are accident endangering (falls) and overexertion. An additional concern is the support of the animals during illness of the owner. The loss of animals is often connected with serious grief reaction and disorganisation of daily life. Serious, long-lasting, and pathological grief reactions were shown after a forced separation from the pet. Four recommendations for nursing practice resulted from this study: to approve and support the ownership of pets and domestic animals as a factor of the "good old age"; to accept the pets as part of the 'family' and integrate them into nursing work, to encourage the owner to plan the future of the pet. Finally, to help overcome the loss of pets and animals a specific nursing therapeutic treatment is required.

  15. Correlates of credit card ownership in men and women.

    PubMed

    Yang, Bijou; Lester, David

    2005-06-01

    In a sample of 352 students, correlates of credit card ownership differed by sex. For both men and women, credit card ownership was predicted by their affective attitude toward credit cards. However, whereas for men concern with money as a tactic for gaining power predicted credit card ownership, for women feelings of insecurity about having sufficient money and having a conservative approach to money predicted credit card ownership.

  16. Linguistic analysis of project ownership for undergraduate research experiences.

    PubMed

    Hanauer, D I; Frederick, J; Fotinakes, B; Strobel, S A

    2012-01-01

    We used computational linguistic and content analyses to explore the concept of project ownership for undergraduate research. We used linguistic analysis of student interview data to develop a quantitative methodology for assessing project ownership and applied this method to measure degrees of project ownership expressed by students in relation to different types of educational research experiences. The results of the study suggest that the design of a research experience significantly influences the degree of project ownership expressed by students when they describe those experiences. The analysis identified both positive and negative aspects of project ownership and provided a working definition for how a student experiences his or her research opportunity. These elements suggest several features that could be incorporated into an undergraduate research experience to foster a student's sense of project ownership.

  17. Associations of Pet Ownership with Wheezing and Lung Function in Childhood: Findings from a UK Birth Cohort.

    PubMed

    Collin, Simon M; Granell, Raquel; Westgarth, Carri; Murray, Jane; Paul, Elizabeth S; Sterne, Jonathan A C; Henderson, A John

    2015-01-01

    Asthma is a heterogeneous condition and differential effects of pet ownership on non-atopic versus atopic asthma have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pet ownership during pregnancy and early childhood was associated with wheezing from birth to age 7 years and with lung function at age 8 years in a UK population-based birth cohort. Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were used to investigate associations of pet ownership at six time-points from pregnancy to age 7 years with concurrent episodes of wheezing, wheezing trajectories (phenotypes) and lung function at age 8 years using logistic regression models adjusted for child's sex, maternal history of asthma/atopy, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and family adversity. 4,706 children had complete data on pet ownership and wheezing. From birth to age 7 years, cat ownership was associated with an overall 6% lower odds of wheezing (OR=0.94 (0.89-0.99)). Rabbit and rodent ownership was associated with 21% (OR=1.21 (1.12-1.31)) and 11% (OR=1.11 (1.02-1.21)) higher odds of wheezing, respectively, with strongest effects evident during infancy. Rabbit and rodent ownership was positively associated with a 'persistent wheeze' phenotype. Pet ownership was not associated with lung function at age 8 years, with the exception of positive associations of rodent and bird ownership with better lung function. Cat ownership was associated with reduced risk, and rabbit and rodent ownership with increased risk, of wheezing during childhood. The mechanisms behind these differential effects warrant further investigation.

  18. Associations of Pet Ownership with Wheezing and Lung Function in Childhood: Findings from a UK Birth Cohort

    PubMed Central

    Collin, Simon M.; Granell, Raquel; Westgarth, Carri; Murray, Jane; Paul, Elizabeth S.; Sterne, Jonathan A. C.; Henderson, A. John

    2015-01-01

    Background Asthma is a heterogeneous condition and differential effects of pet ownership on non-atopic versus atopic asthma have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pet ownership during pregnancy and early childhood was associated with wheezing from birth to age 7 years and with lung function at age 8 years in a UK population-based birth cohort. Methods Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were used to investigate associations of pet ownership at six time-points from pregnancy to age 7 years with concurrent episodes of wheezing, wheezing trajectories (phenotypes) and lung function at age 8 years using logistic regression models adjusted for child’s sex, maternal history of asthma/atopy, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and family adversity. Results 4,706 children had complete data on pet ownership and wheezing. From birth to age 7 years, cat ownership was associated with an overall 6% lower odds of wheezing (OR=0.94 (0.89-0.99)). Rabbit and rodent ownership was associated with 21% (OR=1.21 (1.12-1.31)) and 11% (OR=1.11 (1.02–1.21)) higher odds of wheezing, respectively, with strongest effects evident during infancy. Rabbit and rodent ownership was positively associated with a ‘persistent wheeze’ phenotype. Pet ownership was not associated with lung function at age 8 years, with the exception of positive associations of rodent and bird ownership with better lung function. Conclusions Cat ownership was associated with reduced risk, and rabbit and rodent ownership with increased risk, of wheezing during childhood. The mechanisms behind these differential effects warrant further investigation. PMID:26061067

  19. A culture gap in the United States: Implications for policy on limiting access to firearms for suicidal persons.

    PubMed

    Marino, Elizabeth; Wolsko, Christopher; Keys, Susan G; Pennavaria, Laura

    2016-09-01

    Suicide is a critical public health problem worldwide. In the United States (US), firearm ownership is common, and firearms account for the majority of deaths by suicide. While suicide prevention strategies may include limiting access to firearms, the contentious nature of gun regulations in the US, particularly among members of rural communities, often gives rise to constitutional concerns and political polarization that could inhibit suicidal persons from seeking the help they need. We examine potential outcomes of public health strategies in the US that encourage limiting access to firearms for populations who both value firearm ownership and are vulnerable to suicide. Based on preliminary results from a firearm safety study, we argue that attempts to limit access to firearms among those at risk of suicide will only succeed when the most affected cultural groups are engaged in collaborative discussions.

  20. Body ownership and beyond: connections between cognitive neuroscience and linguistic typology.

    PubMed

    Kemmerer, David

    2014-05-01

    During the past few decades, two disciplines that rarely come together-namely, cognitive neuroscience and linguistic typology-have been generating remarkably similar results regarding the representational domain of personal possessions. Research in cognitive neuroscience indicates that although the core self is grounded in body ownership, the extended self encompasses a variety of noncorporeal possessions, especially those that play a key role in defining one's identity. And research in linguistic typology indicates that many languages around the world contain a distinct grammatical construction for encoding what is commonly called "inalienable" possession-a category of owned objects that almost always includes body parts, but that also tends to include several other kinds of personally relevant entities. Both of these independent lines of investigation are summarized, and a number of interdisciplinary connections between them are discussed. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  1. Social care and support for elderly men and women in an urban and a rural area of Nepal.

    PubMed

    Kshetri, Dan Bahadur Baidwar; Smith, Cairns S; Khadka, Mira

    2012-09-01

    This study has aimed to describe the care and support for urban and rural elderly people of Bhaktapur district, Nepal. Efforts were made to identify the feeling of some features of general well-beings associated to mental health, person responsible for care and support, capability to perform daily routine activities, sources of finance and ownership to the property. More than half of the respondents were found having single or multiple features of loneliness, anxiety, depression and insomnia. The rate of point prevalence loneliness was found higher in the above 80 years of age, urban respondents. Almost 9 in 10 respondents were capable themselves to dress, walk and maintain personal hygiene and majority of them were assisted by spouse, son/daughter-in-laws. Family support was common sources of income and ownership to the property was absolutely high.

  2. Spatially Characterizing Effective Timber Supply

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Berry, J. K.; Sailor, J.

    1982-01-01

    The structure of a computer-oriented cartographic model for assessing roundwood supply for generation of base load electricity is discussed. The model provides an analytical procedure for coupling spatial information of harvesting economics and owner willingness to sell stumpages. Supply is characterized in terms of standing timber; of accessibility considering various harvesting and hauling factors; and of availability as affected by ownership and residential patterns. Factors governing accessibility to timber include effective harvesting distance to haulic roads as modified by barriers and slopes. Haul distance is expressed in units that take into account the relative ease of travel along various road types to a central processing facility. Areas of accessible timber are grouped into spatial units, termed 'timbersheds', of common access to particular haul road segments that belong to unique 'transport zones'. Timber availability considerations include size of ownership parcels, housing density and excluded areas. The analysis techniques are demonstrated for a cartographic data base in western Massachusetts.

  3. 42 CFR 455.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., independent clinical laboratory, renal disease facility, rural health clinic, or health maintenance... specified in § 438.2. Indirect ownership interest means an ownership interest in an entity that has an ownership interest in the disclosing entity. This term includes an ownership interest in any entity that has...

  4. 42 CFR 455.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., independent clinical laboratory, renal disease facility, rural health clinic, or health maintenance... specified in § 438.2. Indirect ownership interest means an ownership interest in an entity that has an ownership interest in the disclosing entity. This term includes an ownership interest in any entity that has...

  5. 42 CFR 455.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., independent clinical laboratory, renal disease facility, rural health clinic, or health maintenance... specified in § 438.2. Indirect ownership interest means an ownership interest in an entity that has an ownership interest in the disclosing entity. This term includes an ownership interest in any entity that has...

  6. 42 CFR 455.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., independent clinical laboratory, renal disease facility, rural health clinic, or health maintenance... specified in § 438.2. Indirect ownership interest means an ownership interest in an entity that has an ownership interest in the disclosing entity. This term includes an ownership interest in any entity that has...

  7. Predictors of the use of interventions to prevent malaria in pregnancy in Cameroon.

    PubMed

    Dionne-Odom, Jodie; Westfall, Andrew O; Apinjoh, Tobias O; Anchang-Kimbi, Judith; Achidi, Eric A; Tita, Alan T N

    2017-03-27

    Malaria in pregnancy is common in sub-Saharan Africa where it contributes to perinatal morbidity and mortality. Use of insecticide-treated bed nets and intermittent preventive therapy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine during pregnancy are effective but underutilized interventions to prevent infection. Factors associated with bed net ownership and usage, and use of prophylaxis among recently pregnant women in Cameroon were investigated. National data from the 2011 Cameroon Demographic Health Survey was used to identify women with a pregnancy within the previous 5 years. Logistic regression models were created to assess for independent predictors of reported bed net ownership, bed net usage, and the use of malaria prophylaxis medications during pregnancy. Nearly one in two women surveyed had a recent pregnancy (n = 7647). In this group, bed net ownership and usage rates were low (33.7 and 16.9%, respectively); 61.6% used medication for malaria prophylaxis during pregnancy. Bed net ownership and usage were associated with maternal literacy (aOR 1.4 for net usage, 95% CI 1.1-1.8) and the presence of children under age 5 in the home (aOR 2.3 for net usage, 95% CI 1.6-3.3). The use of malaria prophylaxis medication was associated with measures of healthcare access (aOR 17.8, 95% CI 13-24.5 for ≥4 antenatal care visits), higher maternal education (aOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1) and maternal literacy (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.7). Women in Cameroon and their antenatal providers missed many opportunities to prevent malaria in pregnancy. Efforts toward ensuring universal bed net provision, consistent antenatal care and the education of girls are likely to improve birth outcomes attributable to malaria infection.

  8. Use of a Night Float System to Comply With Resident Duty Hours Restrictions: Perceptions of Workplace Changes and Their Effects on Professionalism.

    PubMed

    Sun, Ning-Zi; Gan, Runye; Snell, Linda; Dolmans, Diana

    2016-03-01

    Although some evidence suggests that resident duty hours reforms can lead to shift-worker mentality and loss of patient ownership, other evidence links long hours and fatigue to poor work performance and loss of empathy, suggesting the restrictions could positively affect professionalism. The authors explored perceived impacts of a 16-hour duty restriction, achieved using a night float (NF) system, on the workplace and professionalism. In 2013, the authors conducted semistructured interviews with 18 residents, 9 staff physicians, and 3 residency program directors in the McGill University core internal medicine residency program regarding their perceptions of the program's 12-hour shift-based NF system. Interviews were transcribed and coded for common themes. The authors used a descriptive qualitative methodology. Participants viewed implementation of the NF system as leading to decreased physical and mental exhaustion, more consistent interaction with patients, and more stable team structure within shifts compared with the previous 24-hour call system. These workplace changes were felt to improve teamwork and patient ownership within shifts, quality of work performed, and empathy. Across shifts, however, more frequent sign-overs, stricter application of shift time boundaries, and loose integration between daytime and NF teams were perceived as leading to emergence of shift-worker mentality around sign-over. Perceptions of optimal patient ownership changed from the traditional single-physician-24/7 model to team-based shared ownership. Duty hours restrictions, as exemplified by an NF system, have both positive and negative impacts on professionalism. Interventions and training toward effective team-based care are needed to curb emergence of shift-worker mentality.

  9. Formative evaluation of a proposed mHealth program for childhood illness management in a resource-limited setting in Peru.

    PubMed

    Calderón, T A; Martin, H; Volpicelli, K; Diaz, C; Gozzer, E; Buttenheim, A M

    2015-08-01

    To conduct a formative evaluation of a proposed mobile health (mHealth) program designed to educate caregivers about management of common childhood illnesses. A cluster-randomized sample (n = 220) of mothers in Cono Norte, Arequipa, Peru with at least one child under five completed an iPad-based survey. This descriptive study examined trends in mobile phone ownership and feasibility of and interest in mHealth across sociodemographic categories. Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate associations. Univariate logistic regression models were fitted to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Of 220 participants, 82.3% and 95.0% reported mobile phone ownership and access, respectively. Ownership was significantly associated with educational level (P = 0.031); however, even among mothers with the lowest education, ownership approached 80%. Educational level and age, respectively, were associated with the ability to open (P < 0.001; P < 0.001), read (P < 0.001; P < 0.001), write (P < 0.001; P < 0.001), and send (P = 0.006; P = 0.047) text messages. Over 85% of mothers were interested in using their mobile phones to receive health advice for their child and to seek help during illness. Regression analyses revealed that ability to use a mobile phone was positively associated with the mother's intention to participate in the mHealth program. The study findings confirm widespread access to mobile phones and sufficient ability to utilize text messaging within this population of caregivers. In addition to access and feasibility, high levels of interest in using mobile phones for health-related purposes suggest the potential value associated with an mHealth program designed to improve childhood illness management in this community.

  10. Heredity, pet ownership, and confounding control in a population-based birth cohort.

    PubMed

    Almqvist, Catarina; Egmar, Ann-Charlotte; van Hage-Hamsten, Marianne; Berglind, Niklas; Pershagen, Göran; Nordvall, S Lennart; Svartengren, Magnus; Hedlin, Gunilla; Wickman, Magnus

    2003-04-01

    The association between pet ownership in childhood and subsequent allergic disease is controversial. Bias related to selection of pet exposure has been suggested as a reason for contradictory study results. The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate how pet exposure depends on family history of allergic disease, smoking, and socioeconomic factors in a prospective birth cohort. Parents of 4089 two-month-old children answered a questionnaire that included detailed questions about family history of asthma (maternal, paternal, and sibling), rhinoconjunctivitis, atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome, pollen and pet allergy, smoking habits, parental occupation, and family pet ownership (cat and dog). Dust samples collected from the mothers' beds were analyzed for Fel d 1 and Can f 1 in a subgroup of the cohort. Cats were less frequently kept in families with parental asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, or pet or pollen allergy (3.5% to 5.8%) than in families without parental allergic disease (10.8% to 11.8%). Dogs were less common in families with (3.3%) than in families without (5.9%) parental atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome. Families with smoking mothers and those with low socioeconomic index kept cats and dogs more frequently. Cat allergen levels were lower in homes with than in homes without maternal pet allergy, and this tended to hold true even for homes without a cat. Cat ownership decreased from birth to 2 years of age, especially in families with parental history of allergic diseases. There seems to be a selection of pet exposure based on parental history of allergy, maternal smoking, and socioeconomic factors. This has to be taken into consideration in evaluations of risk associations between pet exposure and allergic disease in childhood.

  11. The Importance of Fostering Ownership during Medical Training

    PubMed Central

    Dubov, Oleksandr; Fraenkel, Liana; Seng, Elizabeth

    2016-01-01

    There is a need to consider the impact of the new resident-hours regulations on the variety of aspects of medical education and patient care. Most existing literature about this subject has focused on the role of fatigue in resident performance, education and healthcare delivery. However, there are other possible consequences of these new regulations, including a negative impact on decision ownership. Our main assumption of is that increased shiftwork in medicine can decrease ownership of treatment decisions and impact negatively on quality of care. We review some potential components of decision-ownership in treatment context and suggests possible ways in which the absence of decision-ownership may decrease the quality of medical decision-making. The paper opens with the definition of decision ownership and the overview of some contextual factors that may contribute to the development of ownership in medical residency. The following section discusses decision-ownership in medical care from the perspective of “diffusion of responsibility”. We will question quality of choices made within narrow decisional frames. We will also compare isolated and interrelated choices assuming that residents make more isolated decisions during their shifts. Lastly, we discuss the consequences of decreased decision-ownership impacting the delivery of healthcare. PMID:27471927

  12. The Importance of Fostering Ownership During Medical Training.

    PubMed

    Dubov, Alex; Fraenkel, Liana; Seng, Elizabeth

    2016-09-01

    There is a need to consider the impact of the new resident-hours regulations on the variety of aspects of medical education and patient care. Most existing literature about this subject has focused on the role of fatigue in resident performance, education, and health care delivery. However, there are other possible consequences of these new regulations, including a negative impact on decision ownership. Our main assumption of is that increased shift work in medicine can decrease ownership of treatment decisions and impact negatively on quality of care. We review some potential components of decision ownership in treatment context and suggest possible ways in which the absence of decision ownership may decrease the quality of medical decision making. The article opens with the definition of decision ownership and the overview of some contextual factors that may contribute to the development of ownership in medical residency. The following section discusses decision ownership in medical care from the perspective of "diffusion of responsibility." We question the quality of choices made within narrow decisional frames. We also compare isolated and interrelated choices, assuming that residents make more isolated decisions during their shifts. Lastly, we discuss the consequences of decreased decision ownership impacting the delivery of health care.

  13. 42 CFR 411.354 - Financial relationship, compensation, and ownership or investment interest.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Health Services § 411.354 Financial relationship, compensation, and ownership or investment interest. (a) Financial relationships. (1) Financial relationship means— (i) A direct or indirect ownership or investment... financial relationship. (3) Ownership and investment interests do not include, among other things— (i) An...

  14. Early Representations of Ownership

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Blake, Peter R.; Harris, Paul L.

    2011-01-01

    To navigate a world filled with private property, children must be able to assign ownership information to objects and update that information when appropriate. In this chapter, the authors propose that children include ownership as an attribute of their object representations. Children can learn about ownership attributes either by witnessing…

  15. Unearthing ‘dead capital’: Heirs’ property prediction in two U.S. southern counties

    Treesearch

    Cassandra Johnson Gaither; Stanley J. Zarnoch

    2017-01-01

    Heirs’ property is a form of tenancy in common. It is typically inherited land passed to subsequent generations asintestate property, or property inherited outside of the formal probate process, without “clear title.” In economicterms, this form of property ownership can result in inefficient property uses, as owners tend to under-invest in

  16. The Secret to Great Coaching: Inquiry Method Helps Teachers Take Ownership of Their Learning

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Foltos, Les

    2014-01-01

    A common question raised by new coaches is: When can I share my experience and expertise with teachers I am coaching to help them improve? It is a logical question. Many coaches know that they were chosen for the role in part because their peers respect them as a teacher. They know the instructional strategies they have used give them credibility…

  17. Additive Manufacturing in the Marine Corps

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-06-01

    commonly referred to as 3D printing. This thesis answers the question of how additive manufacturing can improve the effectiveness of Marine Corps...analysis of current and future 3D -printing processes, examination of several civilian and military examples, and examination of the impact across...fully integrating 3D printers, such as the lack of certification and qualification standards, unreliable end product results, and determining ownership

  18. 42 CFR 495.360 - Software and ownership rights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Software and ownership rights. 495.360 Section 495... PROGRAM Requirements Specific to the Medicaid Program § 495.360 Software and ownership rights. (a) General... that the State or local government will have all ownership rights in software or modifications thereof...

  19. 45 CFR 95.617 - Software and ownership rights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Software and ownership rights. 95.617 Section 95... (FFP) Specific Conditions for Ffp § 95.617 Software and ownership rights. (a) General. The State or... local government will have all ownership rights in software or modifications thereof and associated...

  20. 45 CFR 95.617 - Software and ownership rights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Software and ownership rights. 95.617 Section 95... (FFP) Specific Conditions for Ffp § 95.617 Software and ownership rights. (a) General. The State or... local government will have all ownership rights in software or modifications thereof and associated...

  1. 42 CFR 495.360 - Software and ownership rights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Software and ownership rights. 495.360 Section 495... PROGRAM Requirements Specific to the Medicaid Program § 495.360 Software and ownership rights. (a) General... that the State or local government will have all ownership rights in software or modifications thereof...

  2. 42 CFR 495.360 - Software and ownership rights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Software and ownership rights. 495.360 Section 495... PROGRAM Requirements Specific to the Medicaid Program § 495.360 Software and ownership rights. (a) General... that the State or local government will have all ownership rights in software or modifications thereof...

  3. 45 CFR 95.617 - Software and ownership rights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Software and ownership rights. 95.617 Section 95... (FFP) Specific Conditions for Ffp § 95.617 Software and ownership rights. (a) General. The State or... local government will have all ownership rights in software or modifications thereof and associated...

  4. 45 CFR 95.617 - Software and ownership rights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Software and ownership rights. 95.617 Section 95... (FFP) Specific Conditions for Ffp § 95.617 Software and ownership rights. (a) General. The State or... local government will have all ownership rights in software or modifications thereof and associated...

  5. 42 CFR 495.360 - Software and ownership rights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Software and ownership rights. 495.360 Section 495... PROGRAM Requirements Specific to the Medicaid Program § 495.360 Software and ownership rights. (a) General... that the State or local government will have all ownership rights in software or modifications thereof...

  6. 14 CFR 91.1411 - Continuous airworthiness maintenance program use by fractional ownership program manager.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... program use by fractional ownership program manager. 91.1411 Section 91.1411 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL... airworthiness maintenance program use by fractional ownership program manager. Fractional ownership program... through 91.1443. Any program manager who elects to maintain the program aircraft using a continuous...

  7. Car Ownership and Welfare-to-Work

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ong, Paul M.

    2002-01-01

    This study examines the role of car ownership in facilitating employment among recipients under the current welfare-to-work law. Because of a potential problem with simultaneity, the analysis uses predicted car ownership constructed from two instrumental variables, insurance premiums and population density for car ownership. The data come from a…

  8. 75 FR 41775 - Account Ownership and Control Report

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-19

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 16 RIN 3038-AC63 Account Ownership and Control... to collect certain ownership, control, and related information for all trading accounts active on U.S.... Comments may be submitted via e-mail at [email protected] . ``Account Ownership and Control Report'' must be in...

  9. 75 FR 54801 - Account Ownership and Control Report

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-09

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 16 RIN 3038-AC63 Account Ownership and Control...'') that calls for the collection of ownership, control and related information.\\1\\ The new deadline for..., DC 20581. Comments may be submitted via e-mail at [email protected] . ``Account Ownership and Control...

  10. 22 CFR 120.37 - Foreign ownership and foreign control.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Foreign ownership and foreign control. 120.37 Section 120.37 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.37 Foreign ownership and foreign control. Foreign ownership means more than 50 percent of...

  11. 22 CFR 120.37 - Foreign ownership and foreign control.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Foreign ownership and foreign control. 120.37 Section 120.37 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.37 Foreign ownership and foreign control. Foreign ownership means more than 50 percent of...

  12. 22 CFR 120.37 - Foreign ownership and foreign control.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Foreign ownership and foreign control. 120.37 Section 120.37 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.37 Foreign ownership and foreign control. Foreign ownership means more than 50 percent of...

  13. 5 CFR 3201.103 - Prohibition on acquisition, ownership, or control of securities of FDIC-insured depository...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...-split, involuntary stock dividend, merger, acquisition, or other change in corporate ownership, exercise... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Prohibition on acquisition, ownership, or... acquisition, ownership, or control of securities of FDIC-insured depository institutions and certain holding...

  14. 29 CFR 1904.34 - Change in business ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Change in business ownership. 1904.34 Section 1904.34 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... Requirements § 1904.34 Change in business ownership. If your business changes ownership, you are responsible...

  15. 26 CFR 1.883-4 - Qualified shareholder stock ownership test.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... proportionate interest rules of this paragraph (c) shall apply successively upward through the chain of... in the chain of ownership to satisfy one of the stock ownership tests, the foreign corporation must... intermediary in the chain of ownership between that person and the foreign corporation seeking qualified...

  16. 26 CFR 1.883-4 - Qualified shareholder stock ownership test.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... proportionate interest rules of this paragraph (c) shall apply successively upward through the chain of... in the chain of ownership to satisfy one of the stock ownership tests, the foreign corporation must... intermediary in the chain of ownership between that person and the foreign corporation seeking qualified...

  17. 26 CFR 1.883-4 - Qualified shareholder stock ownership test.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... proportionate interest rules of this paragraph (c) shall apply successively upward through the chain of... in the chain of ownership to satisfy one of the stock ownership tests, the foreign corporation must... intermediary in the chain of ownership between that person and the foreign corporation seeking qualified...

  18. 26 CFR 1.883-4 - Qualified shareholder stock ownership test.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... proportionate interest rules of this paragraph (c) shall apply successively upward through the chain of... in the chain of ownership to satisfy one of the stock ownership tests, the foreign corporation must... intermediary in the chain of ownership between that person and the foreign corporation seeking qualified...

  19. Household knowledge, attitudes and practices related to pet contact and associated zoonoses in Ontario, Canada

    PubMed Central

    2012-01-01

    Background Many human infections are transmitted through contact with animals (zoonoses), including household pets. Although pet ownership is common in most countries and non-pet owners may have frequent contact with pets, there is limited knowledge of the public’s pet contact practices and awareness of zoonotic disease risks from pets. The objective of this study was to characterize the general public’s knowledge, attitudes and risks related to pet ownership and animal contact in southern Ontario, Canada. Methods A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to individuals at two multi-physician clinics in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada during 2010. A single adult from each household was invited to participate in the study. Results Seventy five percent (641/853) of individuals approached completed the questionnaire. Pet ownership and contact were common; 64% of participants had a pet in their household and 37% of non-pet owning households had a member with at least weekly animal contact outside the home. Pet ownership was high (55%) for households with individuals at higher risk for infections (i.e., < 5 yrs, ≥ 65 yrs, immunocompromised). Most respondents (64%) indicated that they had never received information regarding pet-associated disease risks. When given a list of 11 infectious pathogens, respondents were only able to correctly classify just over half on their potential to be transmitted from pets to people (mean 6.4); independently, pet owners and those who recalled receiving information in the past about this topic were able to make significantly more correct identifications. Pet (36%) and non-pet owning households (10%) reported dog or cat bites or scratches during the preceding year. Households with individuals at higher risk for an infection did not differ from the remaining households regarding their perceived disease risk of pets, zoonotic disease knowledge, recall of being asked by their medical provider if they owned any pets, or recall of having received information regarding pet-associated disease risks and preventive measures. Conclusions These results suggest that there is a need for accessible zoonotic disease information for both pet and non-owning households, with additional efforts made by veterinary, human and public health personnel. Immediate educational efforts directed toward households with individuals at higher risk to infections are especially needed. PMID:22831165

  20. Gun ownership and social gun culture

    PubMed Central

    Kalesan, Bindu; Villarreal, Marcos D; Keyes, Katherine M; Galea, Sandro

    2016-01-01

    We assessed gun ownership rates in 2013 across the USA and the association between exposure to a social gun culture and gun ownership. We used data from a nationally representative sample of 4000 US adults, from 50 states and District of Columbia, aged >18 years to assess gun ownership and social gun culture performed in October 2013. State-level firearm policy information was obtained from the Brady Law Center and Injury Prevention and Control Center. One-third of Americans reported owning a gun, ranging from 5.2% in Delaware to 61.7% in Alaska. Gun ownership was 2.25-times greater among those reporting social gun culture (PR=2.25, 95% CI 2.02 to 2.52) than those who did not. In conclusion, we found strong association between social gun culture and gun ownership. Gun cultures may need to be considered for public health strategies that aim to change gun ownership in the USA. PMID:26124073

  1. Body ownership promotes visual awareness.

    PubMed

    van der Hoort, Björn; Reingardt, Maria; Ehrsson, H Henrik

    2017-08-17

    The sense of ownership of one's body is important for survival, e.g., in defending the body against a threat. However, in addition to affecting behavior, it also affects perception of the world. In the case of visuospatial perception, it has been shown that the sense of ownership causes external space to be perceptually scaled according to the size of the body. Here, we investigated the effect of ownership on another fundamental aspect of visual perception: visual awareness. In two binocular rivalry experiments, we manipulated the sense of ownership of a stranger's hand through visuotactile stimulation while that hand was one of the rival stimuli. The results show that ownership, but not mere visuotactile stimulation, increases the dominance of the hand percept. This effect is due to a combination of longer perceptual dominance durations and shorter suppression durations. Together, these results suggest that the sense of body ownership promotes visual awareness.

  2. Body ownership promotes visual awareness

    PubMed Central

    Reingardt, Maria; Ehrsson, H Henrik

    2017-01-01

    The sense of ownership of one’s body is important for survival, e.g., in defending the body against a threat. However, in addition to affecting behavior, it also affects perception of the world. In the case of visuospatial perception, it has been shown that the sense of ownership causes external space to be perceptually scaled according to the size of the body. Here, we investigated the effect of ownership on another fundamental aspect of visual perception: visual awareness. In two binocular rivalry experiments, we manipulated the sense of ownership of a stranger’s hand through visuotactile stimulation while that hand was one of the rival stimuli. The results show that ownership, but not mere visuotactile stimulation, increases the dominance of the hand percept. This effect is due to a combination of longer perceptual dominance durations and shorter suppression durations. Together, these results suggest that the sense of body ownership promotes visual awareness. PMID:28826500

  3. Pet ownership and health in older adults: findings from a survey of 2,551 community-based Australians aged 60-64.

    PubMed

    Parslow, Ruth A; Jorm, Anthony F; Christensen, Helen; Rodgers, Bryan; Jacomb, Patricia

    2005-01-01

    It is commonly assumed that owning a pet provides older residents in the community with health benefits including improved physical health and psychological well-being. It has also been reported that pet owners are lower on neuroticism and higher on extraversion compared with those without pets. However, findings of research on this topic have been mixed with a number of researchers reporting that, for older people, there is little or no health benefit associated with pet ownership. To identify health benefits associated with pet ownership and pet caring responsibilities in a large sample of older community-based residents. Using survey information provided by 2,551 individuals aged between 60 and 64 years, we compared the sociodemographic attributes, mental and physical health measures, and personality traits of pet owners and non-owners. For 78.8% of these participants, we were also able to compare the health services used, based on information obtained from the national insurer on the number of general practitioner (GP) visits they made over a 12-month period. Compared with non-owners, those with pets reported more depressive symptoms while female pet owners who were married also had poorer physical health. We found that caring for a pet was associated with negative health outcomes including more symptoms of depression, poorer physical health and higher rates of use of pain relief medication. No relationship was found between pet ownership and use of GP services. When we examined the personality traits of pet owners and carers, we found that men who cared for pets had higher extraversion scores. Our principal and unexpected finding, however, was that pet owners and carers reported higher levels of psychoticism as measured by the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. We conclude that pet ownership confers no health benefits for this age group. Instead, those with pets have poorer mental and physical health and use more pain relief medication. Further, our study suggests that those with pets are less conforming to social norms as indicated by their higher levels of psychoticism. Copyright (c) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel

  4. 28 CFR 553.13 - Procedures for handling contraband.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... purchase, or as a gift) without staff authorization may be considered nuisance contraband for which a claim of ownership is ordinarily not accepted. (iii) If the inmate establishes ownership, but the item is... evidence of ownership of the listed items. A claim of ownership may not be accepted for an item made from...

  5. 14 CFR 204.6 - Certificated and commuter air carriers proposing a change in operations, ownership, or management...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... proposing a change in operations, ownership, or management which is not substantial. 204.6 Section 204.6... carriers proposing a change in operations, ownership, or management which is not substantial. Carriers proposing to make a change which would not substantially affect their operations, management, or ownership...

  6. Acquiring Ownership and the Attribution of Responsibility

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Palamar, Max; Le, Doan T.; Friedman, Ori

    2012-01-01

    How is ownership established over non-owned things? We suggest that people may view ownership as a kind of credit given to agents responsible for making possession of a non-owned object possible. On this view, judgments about the establishment of ownership depend on attributions of responsibility. We report three experiments showing that people's…

  7. Ownership Patterns on Hardwood Lands

    Treesearch

    Sam C. Doak

    1991-01-01

    The pattern of land use and ownership—including sizes of ownerships, types of landowners, and their various management objectives—affects the level of benefits available from the California's hardwood resource. Geographic information system (GIS) databases of ownership and population characteristics were developed for two California counties using local assessors...

  8. 29 CFR 779.223 - Control where ownership vested in individual or single organization.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... single business organization. Ownership sufficient to exercise “control” exist also where there is more... in individual or single organization. Ownership, sufficient to exercise “control,” of course, exists... “control” may exist with much more limited ownership, and, in certain cases exists in the absence of any...

  9. 9 CFR 355.9 - Numbers granted same ownership or control.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Numbers granted same ownership or control. 355.9 Section 355.9 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF....9 Numbers granted same ownership or control. Two or more official plants under the same ownership or...

  10. 14 CFR 204.6 - Certificated and commuter air carriers proposing a change in operations, ownership, or management...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... proposing a change in operations, ownership, or management which is not substantial. 204.6 Section 204.6... carriers proposing a change in operations, ownership, or management which is not substantial. Carriers proposing to make a change which would not substantially affect their operations, management, or ownership...

  11. Power structure in Chilean news media

    PubMed Central

    Bahamonde, Jorge; Bollen, Johan; Ferres, Leo; Poblete, Barbara

    2018-01-01

    Even democracies endowed with the most active free press struggle to maintain diversity of news coverage. Consolidation and market forces may cause only a few dominant players to control the news cycle. Editorial policies may be biased by corporate ownership relations, narrowing news coverage and focus. To an increasing degree this problem also applies to social media news distribution, since it is subject to the same socio-economic drivers. To study the effects of consolidation and ownership on news diversity, we model the diversity of Chilean coverage on the basis of ownership records and social media data. We create similarity networks of news outlets on the basis of their ownership and the topics they cover. We then examine the relationships between the topology of ownership networks and content similarity to characterize how ownership affects news coverage. A network analysis reveals that Chilean media is highly concentrated both in terms of ownership as well as in terms of topics covered. Our method can be used to determine which groups of outlets and ownership exert the greatest influence on news coverage. PMID:29874241

  12. Power structure in Chilean news media.

    PubMed

    Bahamonde, Jorge; Bollen, Johan; Elejalde, Erick; Ferres, Leo; Poblete, Barbara

    2018-01-01

    Even democracies endowed with the most active free press struggle to maintain diversity of news coverage. Consolidation and market forces may cause only a few dominant players to control the news cycle. Editorial policies may be biased by corporate ownership relations, narrowing news coverage and focus. To an increasing degree this problem also applies to social media news distribution, since it is subject to the same socio-economic drivers. To study the effects of consolidation and ownership on news diversity, we model the diversity of Chilean coverage on the basis of ownership records and social media data. We create similarity networks of news outlets on the basis of their ownership and the topics they cover. We then examine the relationships between the topology of ownership networks and content similarity to characterize how ownership affects news coverage. A network analysis reveals that Chilean media is highly concentrated both in terms of ownership as well as in terms of topics covered. Our method can be used to determine which groups of outlets and ownership exert the greatest influence on news coverage.

  13. Ownership, financing, and management strategies of the ten largest for-profit nursing home chains in the United States.

    PubMed

    Harrington, Charlene; Hauser, Clarilee; Olney, Brian; Rosenau, Pauline Vaillancourt

    2011-01-01

    This study examined the ownership, financing, and management strategies of the 10 largest for-profit nursing home chains in the United States, including the four largest chains purchased by private equity corporations. Descriptive data were collected from Internet searches, company reports, and other sources for the decade 1998-2008. Since 1998, the largest chains have made many changes in their ownership and structure, and some have converted from publicly traded companies to private ownership. This study shows the increasing complexity of corporate nursing home ownership and the lack of public information about ownership and financial status. The chains have used strategies to maximize shareholder and investor value that include increasing Medicare revenues, occupancy rates, and company diversification, establishing multiple layers of corporate ownership, developing real estate investment trusts, and creating limited liability companies. These strategies enhance shareholder and investor profits, reduce corporate taxes, and reduce liability risk. There is a need for greater transparency in ownership and financial reporting and for more government oversight of the largest for-profit chains, including those owned by private equity companies.

  14. Is childhood obesity influenced by dog ownership? No cross-sectional or longitudinal evidence.

    PubMed

    Westgarth, Carri; Heron, Jon; Ness, Andrew R; Bundred, Peter; Gaskell, Rosalind M; Coyne, Karen; German, Alexander J; McCune, Sandra; Dawson, Susan

    2012-01-01

    To examine whether dog ownership is associated with lower risk of childhood obesity. Cross-sectional study of 7,759 children at age 7 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) in the UK. In addition, longitudinal analyses were conducted between age 7 and 9 years. BMI at age 7 and 9 years was calculated from clinic-measured weight and height and standardised in reference to 1990 UK data. Dog ownership data were collected by carer questionnaire at various time points. After adjustment for confounding factors associated with dog ownership or obesity, there was no evidence of an association between obesity and dog ownership at 7 years OR = 1.18, 95% confidence interval = 0.88-1.59, p = 0.27), or dog ownership history. There was also no evidence for an effect of dog ownership on BMI change between 7 and 9 years, nor acquisition of a dog on the change in weight status of obese children between 7 and 9 years. This study provides no evidence for a protective effect of dog ownership on the development of childhood obesity. Further investigation is required to determine the impact of dog ownership on physical activity in overweight and obese children. Copyright © 2012 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg

  15. Firearm ownership in households with children.

    PubMed

    Drongowski, R A; Smith, S J; Coran, A G; Cullen, M L

    1998-04-01

    Increased morbidity and mortality rates in children injured by firearms has been well documented during this past decade. The aim of this study was to determine the socioeconomic factors affecting firearm ownership in families with children living in suburban/rural versus inner-city environments, and to identify predictors of firearm ownership in these families. Parents of children less than 19 years old seen in a suburban (n = 751) or inner-city hospital (n = 406) anonymously completed a questionnaire regarding firearm ownership. Firearm ownership was 54% in rural locations, versus 18% among inner-city residents (P< .05). Firearm ownership in white households was 45% versus 20% in African-American households (P< .05). Mean number of all types of firearms in white households was 3.38 versus 1.78 in black households (P< .001). Firearm ownership was 19% in the less than $20,000 income bracket, significantly lower than households with greater incomes, and was significantly lower in households in which parents had the least education (19.7%) versus those with college degrees (38.5%; P< .05). Firearm owners of rifles and shotguns significantly more often cited hunting, collection, and target shooting as reasons for owning firearms, in contrast to revolver owners who cited protection and collection as reasons for firearm ownership (P < .05). Firearm ownership is higher in rural, caucasian versus inner-city African-American residents and is significantly less in households with lower income and educational levels. Significant predictors for firearm ownership were number of parents in households, educational level of parents, and population of residence.

  16. Negotiating ownership: Understanding the cultivation of student ownership in an urban science video project

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    O'Neill, Tara Breckenridge

    The intention of this study is to define student ownership in an informal science learning setting in a low performing middle school in New York City, to investigate what characterizes such ownership, and to determine how to cultivate it. In addition, I am interested in investigating the effects of the students' sense of ownership on their sense of self, in relation to the study and the practice of science and the role of race in power in framing the context in which ownership is cultivated. This is a qualitative study; specifically I apply a critical ethnography framework for both data collection an analysis. This study is based in an informal science video project lasting three years in which two groups of sixth and seventh grade students, made three movies about their perceptions of science, who they felt knew science, and how science related to their lives. In chapter IV, I explain that students' expression of ownership is visible via five main themes. (1) Students viewed themselves in relation to science in ways that are positive, empowering, and full of self-awareness. (2) Students actively and purposefully chose to expend their capital. (3) Students expressed pride around the multiple contexts. (4) Students used the video project to effect positive changes in their lives. (5) Students expressed positive and realistic vision for the role that science played in their lives. In chapter V, I explain that student agency and student ownership share a dialectic relationship in which student agency must be valued to cultivate student ownership and the cultivation of student ownership expands student agency. Lastly, in chapter VII, I explore the role race and power play in framing the context in which ownership is cultivated. Specifically, I argue that in order to cultivate ownership in high-poverty urban science learning environments, the teacher in this environment must be critically reflective of her/his practice and pay particular attention to issues of race and power.

  17. Pet ownership is associated with increased risk of non-atopic asthma and reduced risk of atopy in childhood: findings from a UK birth cohort.

    PubMed

    Collin, S M; Granell, R; Westgarth, C; Murray, J; Paul, E; Sterne, J A C; John Henderson, A

    2015-01-01

    Studies have shown an inverse association of pet ownership with allergy but inconclusive findings for asthma. To investigate whether pet ownership during pregnancy and childhood was associated with asthma and atopy at the age of 7 in a UK population-based birth cohort. Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were used to investigate associations of pet ownership at six time points from pregnancy to the age of 7 with asthma, atopy (grass, house dust mite, and cat skin prick test) and atopic vs. non-atopic asthma at the age of 7 using logistic regression models adjusted for child's sex, maternal history of asthma/atopy, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and family adversity. A total of 3768 children had complete data on pet ownership, asthma, and atopy. Compared with non-ownership, continuous ownership of any pet (before and after the age of 3) was associated with 52% lower odds of atopic asthma [odds ratio (OR) 0.48, 95% CI 0.34-0.68]. Pet ownership tended to be associated with increased risk of non-atopic asthma, particularly rabbits (OR 1.61, 1.04-2.51) and rodents (OR 1.86, 1.15-3.01), comparing continuous vs. non-ownership. Pet ownership was consistently associated with lower odds of sensitization to grass, house dust mite, and cat allergens, but rodent ownership was associated with higher odds of sensitization to rodent allergen. Differential effects of pet ownership on atopic vs. non-atopic asthma were evident for all pet types. Pet ownership during pregnancy and childhood in this birth cohort was consistently associated with a reduced risk of aeroallergen sensitization and atopic asthma at the age of 7, but tended to be associated (particularly for rabbits and rodents) with an increased risk of non-atopic asthma. The opposing effects on atopy vs. non-atopic asthma might be considered by parents when they are deciding whether to acquire a pet. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  18. Pet ownership is associated with increased risk of non-atopic asthma and reduced risk of atopy in childhood: findings from a UK birth cohort

    PubMed Central

    Collin, S.M.; Granell, R; Westgarth, C; Murray, J; Paul, E; Sterne, J.A.C.; Henderson, A. John

    2014-01-01

    Background Studies have shown an inverse association of pet ownership with allergy but inconclusive findings for asthma. Objective To investigate whether pet ownership during pregnancy and childhood was associated with asthma and atopy at age 7 years in a UK population-based birth cohort. Methods Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were used to investigate associations of pet ownership at six time-points from pregnancy to age 7 years with asthma, atopy (grass, house-dust mite, and cat skin prick test) and atopic versus non-atopic asthma at age 7 years using logistic regression models adjusted for child's sex, maternal history of asthma/atopy, maternal smoking during pregnancy and family adversity. Results 3,768 children had complete data on pet ownership, asthma and atopy. Compared with non-ownership, continuous ownership of any pet (before and after age 3 years) was associated with 52% lower odds of atopic asthma (odds ratio [OR] 0.48, 95% CI 0.34–0.68). Pet ownership tended to be associated with increased risk of non-atopic asthma, particularly rabbits (OR 1.61, 1.04–2.51) and rodents (OR 1.86, 1.15–3.01), comparing continuous versus non-ownership. Pet ownership was consistently associated with lower odds of sensitization to grass, house-dust mite and cat allergens, but rodent ownership was associated with higher odds of sensitization to rodent allergen. Differential effects of pet ownership on atopic versus non-atopic asthma were evident for all pet types. Conclusions Pet ownership during pregnancy and childhood in this birth cohort was consistently associated with a reduced risk of aeroallergen sensitization and atopic asthma at age 7 years, but tended to be associated (particularly for rabbits and rodents) with an increased risk of non-atopic asthma. Clinical relevance The opposing effects on atopy versus non-atopic asthma might be considered by parents when they are deciding whether to acquire a pet. PMID:25077415

  19. 30 CFR 773.25 - Who may challenge ownership or control listings and findings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Who may challenge ownership or control listings... EXPLORATION SYSTEMS UNDER REGULATORY PROGRAMS REQUIREMENTS FOR PERMITS AND PERMIT PROCESSING § 773.25 Who may challenge ownership or control listings and findings. You may challenge a listing or finding of ownership or...

  20. Analysis of Technology Ownership and Selective Use among Undergraduates

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Diamanduros, Terry; Jenkins, Stephen J.; Downs, Elizabeth

    2007-01-01

    Extent of technology ownership and use has been documented for teens and even pre-teens. However, little is known as to whether such ownership and use patterns change over time. This study examined these issues by surveying a sample of undergraduates as to their ownership and selective use of technology. Compared to teens, undergraduates had…

  1. 18 CFR 1304.10 - Change in ownership of approved facilities or activities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... STRUCTURES AND OTHER ALTERATIONS Procedures for Approval of Construction § 1304.10 Change in ownership of approved facilities or activities. (a) When there is a change in ownership of the land on which a permitted... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Change in ownership of...

  2. 24 CFR 906.25 - Ownership interests that may be conveyed to a purchaser.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Ownership interests that may be... § 906.25 Ownership interests that may be conveyed to a purchaser. A homeownership program may provide for sale to the purchasing family of any ownership interest that the PHA considers appropriate under...

  3. 9 CFR 2.8 - Notification of change of name, address, control, or ownership of business.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... substantial control or ownership of his business or operation, or of any additional sites, within 10 days of..., address, control, or ownership of business. 2.8 Section 2.8 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT... Notification of change of name, address, control, or ownership of business. A licensee shall promptly notify...

  4. 42 CFR 420.206 - Disclosure of persons having ownership, financial, or control interest.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Disclosure of persons having ownership, financial... of Ownership and Control Information § 420.206 Disclosure of persons having ownership, financial, or... information in the manner specified in paragraph (b) of this section: (1) The name and address of each person...

  5. 42 CFR 420.206 - Disclosure of persons having ownership, financial, or control interest.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Disclosure of persons having ownership, financial... of Ownership and Control Information § 420.206 Disclosure of persons having ownership, financial, or... information in the manner specified in paragraph (b) of this section: (1) The name and address of each person...

  6. 37 CFR 2.171 - New certificate on change of ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... New certificate on change of ownership. (a) Full change of ownership. If the ownership of a registered mark changes, the new owner may request that a new certificate of registration be issued in the name of... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false New certificate on change of...

  7. 37 CFR 2.171 - New certificate on change of ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... New certificate on change of ownership. (a) Full change of ownership. If the ownership of a registered mark changes, the new owner may request that a new certificate of registration be issued in the name of... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false New certificate on change of...

  8. 37 CFR 2.171 - New certificate on change of ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... New certificate on change of ownership. (a) Full change of ownership. If the ownership of a registered mark changes, the new owner may request that a new certificate of registration be issued in the name of... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false New certificate on change of...

  9. 37 CFR 2.171 - New certificate on change of ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... New certificate on change of ownership. (a) Full change of ownership. If the ownership of a registered mark changes, the new owner may request that a new certificate of registration be issued in the name of... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false New certificate on change of...

  10. Carbon stocks and changes on Pacific Northwest national forests and the role of disturbance, management, and growth

    Treesearch

    Andrew N. Gray; Thomas R. Whittier

    2014-01-01

    The National Forest System (NFS) of the United States plays an important role in the carbon cycle because these lands make up a large proportion of the forested land in the country and commonly store more wood per unit area than other forest ownerships. In addition to sustaining natural resources, these lands are managed for multiple objectives that do not always align...

  11. Life cycle air emissions impacts and ownership costs of light-duty vehicles using natural gas as a primary energy source.

    PubMed

    Luk, Jason M; Saville, Bradley A; MacLean, Heather L

    2015-04-21

    This paper aims to comprehensively distinguish among the merits of different vehicles using a common primary energy source. In this study, we consider compressed natural gas (CNG) use directly in conventional vehicles (CV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), and natural gas-derived electricity (NG-e) use in plug-in battery electric vehicles (BEV). This study evaluates the incremental life cycle air emissions (climate change and human health) impacts and life cycle ownership costs of non-plug-in (CV and HEV) and plug-in light-duty vehicles. Replacing a gasoline CV with a CNG CV, or a CNG CV with a CNG HEV, can provide life cycle air emissions impact benefits without increasing ownership costs; however, the NG-e BEV will likely increase costs (90% confidence interval: $1000 to $31 000 incremental cost per vehicle lifetime). Furthermore, eliminating HEV tailpipe emissions via plug-in vehicles has an insignificant incremental benefit, due to high uncertainties, with emissions cost benefits between -$1000 and $2000. Vehicle criteria air contaminants are a relatively minor contributor to life cycle air emissions impacts because of strict vehicle emissions standards. Therefore, policies should focus on adoption of plug-in vehicles in nonattainment regions, because CNG vehicles are likely more cost-effective at providing overall life cycle air emissions impact benefits.

  12. The Nonobvious Basis of Ownership: Preschool Children Trace the History and Value of Owned Objects

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gelman, Susan A.; Manczak, Erika M.; Noles, Nicholaus S.

    2012-01-01

    For adults, ownership is nonobvious: (a) determining ownership depends more on an object's history than on perceptual cues, and (b) ownership confers special value on an object ("endowment effect"). This study examined these concepts in preschoolers (2.0-4.4) and adults (n = 112). Participants saw toy sets in which 1 toy was designated as the…

  13. The US gun stock: results from the 2004 national firearms survey.

    PubMed

    Hepburn, L; Miller, M; Azrael, D; Hemenway, D

    2007-02-01

    To examine the size and composition of the privately held firearm stock in the US; and to describe demographic patterns of firearm ownership and motivations for ownership. A nationally representative household telephone survey of 2770 adults aged>or=18 years living in the US, conducted in the spring of 2004. Responses to questions regarding firearm ownership, the number and types of guns owned, and motivations for ownership. 38% of households and 26% of individuals reported owning at least one firearm. This corresponds to 42 million US households with firearms, and 57 million adult gun owners. 64% of gun owners or 16% of American adults reported owning at least one handgun. Long guns represent 60% of the privately held gun stock. Almost half (48%) of all individual gun owners reported owning>or=4 firearms. Men more often reported firearm ownership, with 45% stating that they personally owned at least one firearm, compared with 11% for women. The US population continues to contain at least one firearm for every adult, and ownership is becoming increasingly concentrated. Long guns are the most prevalent type of gun in the US but handgun ownership is widespread. Ownership demographic patterns support findings of previous studies.

  14. The project ownership survey: measuring differences in scientific inquiry experiences.

    PubMed

    Hanauer, David I; Dolan, Erin L

    2014-01-01

    A growing body of research documents the positive outcomes of research experiences for undergraduates, including increased persistence in science. Study of undergraduate lab learning experiences has demonstrated that the design of the experience influences the extent to which students report ownership of the project and that project ownership is one of the psychosocial factors involved in student retention in the sciences. To date, methods for measuring project ownership have not been suitable for the collection of larger data sets. The current study aims to rectify this by developing, presenting, and evaluating a new instrument for measuring project ownership. Eighteen scaled items were generated based on prior research and theory related to project ownership and combined with 30 items shown to measure respondents' emotions about an experience, resulting in the Project Ownership survey (POS). The POS was analyzed to determine its dimensionality, reliability, and validity. The POS had a coefficient alpha of 0.92 and thus has high internal consistency. Known-groups validity was analyzed through the ability of the instrument to differentiate between students who studied in traditional versus research-based laboratory courses. The POS scales as differentiated between the groups and findings paralleled previous results in relation to the characteristics of project ownership.

  15. Fake ID ownership and heavy drinking in underage college students: prospective findings.

    PubMed

    Martinez, Julia A; Rutledge, Patricia C; Sher, Kenneth J

    2007-06-01

    The authors examined the ownership of false identification (fake ID) for the purpose of obtaining alcohol and the relation of fake ID ownership to heavy drinking in a longitudinal sample of college students under 21 years of age. A sample of 3,720 undergraduates was assessed the summer prior to college entrance and during the 4 semesters comprising freshman and sophomore years. Regression analyses were used to estimate bidirectional relations between consumption and fake ID ownership. Sex, Greek membership, and prior drinking were controlled. Results showed that fake ID ownership increased over time (12.5% pre-college to 32.2% fourth semester) and that Greek members were more likely than others to own fake IDs. Fake ID ownership predicted concurrent and next-semester heavy drinking with increasing strength over time. Also, the acquisition (onset) of fake ID ownership at each time point was predicted by previous-semester consumption. When traditional, robust risk factors of consumption are controlled, fake ID ownership meaningfully relates to heavy drinking in college. It thus presents a significant public health problem, addressable through training for alcohol servers and retailers, punitive measures toward fake ID owners, and other possible interventions.

  16. Firearm Prevalence and Homicides of Law Enforcement Officers in the United States

    PubMed Central

    Simmons, Molly M.; Dominici, Francesca; Hemenway, David

    2015-01-01

    Objectives. In the United States, state firearm ownership has been correlated with homicide rates. More than 90% of homicides of law enforcement officers (LEOs) are committed with firearms. We examined the relationship between state firearm ownership rates and LEO occupational homicide rates. Methods. We obtained the number LEOs killed from 1996 to 2010 from a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) database. We calculated homicide rates per state as the number of officers killed per number of LEOs per state, obtained from another FBI database. We obtained the mean household firearm ownership for each state from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Results. Using Poisson regression and controlling for factors known to affect homicide rates, we associated firearm ownership with the homicide rates for LEOs (incidence rate ratio = 1.044; P = .005); our results were supported by cross-sectional and longitudinal sensitivity analyses. LEO homicide rates were 3 times higher in states with high firearm ownership compared with states with low firearm ownership. Conclusions. High public gun ownership is a risk for occupational mortality for LEOs in the United States. States could consider methods for reducing firearm ownership as a way to reduce occupational deaths of LEOs. PMID:26270316

  17. Firearm Prevalence and Homicides of Law Enforcement Officers in the United States.

    PubMed

    Swedler, David I; Simmons, Molly M; Dominici, Francesca; Hemenway, David

    2015-10-01

    In the United States, state firearm ownership has been correlated with homicide rates. More than 90% of homicides of law enforcement officers (LEOs) are committed with firearms. We examined the relationship between state firearm ownership rates and LEO occupational homicide rates. We obtained the number LEOs killed from 1996 to 2010 from a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) database. We calculated homicide rates per state as the number of officers killed per number of LEOs per state, obtained from another FBI database. We obtained the mean household firearm ownership for each state from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Using Poisson regression and controlling for factors known to affect homicide rates, we associated firearm ownership with the homicide rates for LEOs (incidence rate ratio = 1.044; P = .005); our results were supported by cross-sectional and longitudinal sensitivity analyses. LEO homicide rates were 3 times higher in states with high firearm ownership compared with states with low firearm ownership. High public gun ownership is a risk for occupational mortality for LEOs in the United States. States could consider methods for reducing firearm ownership as a way to reduce occupational deaths of LEOs.

  18. The Relationship Between Gun Ownership and Stranger and Nonstranger Firearm Homicide Rates in the United States, 1981–2010

    PubMed Central

    Negussie, Yamrot; Vanture, Sarah; Pleskunas, Jane; Ross, Craig S.; King, Charles

    2014-01-01

    Objectives. We examined the relationship between gun ownership and stranger versus nonstranger homicide rates. Methods. Using data from the Supplemental Homicide Reports of the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Uniform Crime Reports for all 50 states for 1981 to 2010, we modeled stranger and nonstranger homicide rates as a function of state-level gun ownership, measured by a proxy, controlling for potential confounders. We used a negative binomial regression model with fixed effects for year, accounting for clustering of observations among states by using generalized estimating equations. Results. We found no robust, statistically significant correlation between gun ownership and stranger firearm homicide rates. However, we found a positive and significant association between gun ownership and nonstranger firearm homicide rates. The incidence rate ratio for nonstranger firearm homicide rate associated with gun ownership was 1.014 (95% confidence interval = 1.009, 1.019). Conclusions. Our findings challenge the argument that gun ownership deters violent crime, in particular, homicides. PMID:25121817

  19. The relationship between gun ownership and stranger and nonstranger firearm homicide rates in the United States, 1981-2010.

    PubMed

    Siegel, Michael; Negussie, Yamrot; Vanture, Sarah; Pleskunas, Jane; Ross, Craig S; King, Charles

    2014-10-01

    We examined the relationship between gun ownership and stranger versus nonstranger homicide rates. Using data from the Supplemental Homicide Reports of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reports for all 50 states for 1981 to 2010, we modeled stranger and nonstranger homicide rates as a function of state-level gun ownership, measured by a proxy, controlling for potential confounders. We used a negative binomial regression model with fixed effects for year, accounting for clustering of observations among states by using generalized estimating equations. We found no robust, statistically significant correlation between gun ownership and stranger firearm homicide rates. However, we found a positive and significant association between gun ownership and nonstranger firearm homicide rates. The incidence rate ratio for nonstranger firearm homicide rate associated with gun ownership was 1.014 (95% confidence interval=1.009, 1.019). Our findings challenge the argument that gun ownership deters violent crime, in particular, homicides.

  20. The effect of creative labor on property-ownership transfer by preschool children and adults.

    PubMed

    Kanngiesser, Patricia; Gjersoe, Nathalia; Hood, Bruce M

    2010-09-01

    Recognizing property ownership is of critical importance in social interactions, but little is known about how and when this attribute emerges. We investigated whether preschool children and adults believe that ownership of one person's property is transferred to a second person following the second person's investment of creative labor in that property. In our study, an experimenter and a participant borrowed modeling-clay objects from each other to mold into new objects. Participants were more likely to transfer ownership to the second individual after he or she invested creative labor in the object than after any other manipulations (holding the object, making small changes to it). This effect was significantly stronger in preschool children than in adults. Duration of manipulation had no effect on property-ownership transfer. Changes in the object's identity acted only as a secondary cue for children. We conclude that ownership is transferred after an investment of creative labor and that determining property ownership may be an intuitive process that emerges in early childhood.

  1. Perceived Ownership of Avatars Influences Visual Perspective Taking

    PubMed Central

    Böffel, Christian; Müsseler, Jochen

    2018-01-01

    Modern computer-based applications often require the user to interact with avatars. Depending on the task at hand, spatial dissociation between the orientations of the user and the avatars might arise. As a consequence, the user has to adopt the avatar’s perspective and identify herself/himself with the avatar, possibly changing the user’s self-representation in the process. The present study aims to identify the conditions that benefit this change of perspective with objective performance measures and subjective self-estimations by integrating the idea of avatar-ownership into the cognitive phenomenon of spatial compatibility. Two different instructions were used to manipulate a user’s perceived ownership of an avatar in otherwise identical situations. Users with the high-ownership instruction reported higher levels of perceived ownership of the avatar and showed larger spatial compatibility effects from the avatar’s point of view in comparison to the low ownership instruction. This supports the hypothesis that perceived ownership benefits perspective taking. PMID:29887816

  2. Ownership Patterns of Natural Resources in Rural America: Implications for Distribution of Wealth and Income. Rural Development, Poverty, and Natural Resources Workshop Paper Series, Part IV.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Clawson, Marion

    Beginning with definitions of land ownership and natural resources, this paper traces United States resource ownership patterns and draws conclusions for rural areas. Following the definitions, a general history of resource ownership discusses disposition of land from government to private owner, noting that the cadastral survey system still in…

  3. 41 CFR 102-33.190 - What are the aircraft operations and ownership costs for which we must account?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... operations and ownership costs for which we must account? 102-33.190 Section 102-33.190 Public Contracts and... Parts Accounting for the Cost of Government Aircraft § 102-33.190 What are the aircraft operations and ownership costs for which we must account? You must account for the operations and ownership costs of your...

  4. Family pet ownership during childhood: findings from a UK birth cohort and implications for public health research.

    PubMed

    Westgarth, Carri; Heron, Jon; Ness, Andy R; Bundred, Peter; Gaskell, Rosalind M; Coyne, Karen P; German, Alexander J; McCune, Sandra; Dawson, Susan

    2010-10-01

    In developed nations, approximately half of household environments contain pets. Studies of Human-Animal Interaction (HAI) have proposed that there are health benefits and risks associated with pet ownership. However, accurately demonstrating and understanding these relationships first requires a better knowledge of factors associated with ownership of different pet types. A UK birth cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), were used to collect pet ownership data from the mothers, from gestation to child age 10 years old. 14,663 children were included in the study, of which mothers of 13,557 reported pet information at gestation, and 7,800 by age 10. Pet types recorded include cat, dog, rabbit, rodent, bird, fish and tortoise/turtle. The dataset also contains a number of demographic, socioeconomic and behavioural variables relevant to human health behaviour. Logistic regression was used to build multivariable models for ownership of each pet type at age 7 years. Family pet ownership increased during childhood, in particular rabbits, rodents and fish. A number of socioeconomic and demographic factors were associated with ownership of different pet types and the effects differed depending on the pet type studied. Variables which require consideration by researchers include gender, presence of older siblings, ethnicity, maternal and paternal education, maternal and paternal social class, maternal age, number of people in the household, house type, and concurrent ownership of other pets. Whether the mother had pets during her childhood was a strong predictor of pet ownership in all models. In HAI studies, care should be taken to control for confounding factors, and to treat each pet type individually. ALSPAC and other similar birth cohorts can be considered a potential resource for research into the effects of pet ownership during childhood.

  5. Family Pet Ownership during Childhood: Findings from a UK Birth Cohort and Implications for Public Health Research

    PubMed Central

    Westgarth, Carri; Heron, Jon; Ness, Andy R.; Bundred, Peter; Gaskell, Rosalind M.; Coyne, Karen P.; German, Alexander J.; McCune, Sandra; Dawson, Susan

    2010-01-01

    In developed nations, approximately half of household environments contain pets. Studies of Human-Animal Interaction (HAI) have proposed that there are health benefits and risks associated with pet ownership. However, accurately demonstrating and understanding these relationships first requires a better knowledge of factors associated with ownership of different pet types. A UK birth cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), were used to collect pet ownership data from the mothers, from gestation to child age 10 years old. 14,663 children were included in the study, of which mothers of 13,557 reported pet information at gestation, and 7,800 by age 10. Pet types recorded include cat, dog, rabbit, rodent, bird, fish and tortoise/turtle. The dataset also contains a number of demographic, socioeconomic and behavioural variables relevant to human health behaviour. Logistic regression was used to build multivariable models for ownership of each pet type at age 7 years. Family pet ownership increased during childhood, in particular rabbits, rodents and fish. A number of socioeconomic and demographic factors were associated with ownership of different pet types and the effects differed depending on the pet type studied. Variables which require consideration by researchers include gender, presence of older siblings, ethnicity, maternal and paternal education, maternal and paternal social class, maternal age, number of people in the household, house type, and concurrent ownership of other pets. Whether the mother had pets during her childhood was a strong predictor of pet ownership in all models. In HAI studies, care should be taken to control for confounding factors, and to treat each pet type individually. ALSPAC and other similar birth cohorts can be considered a potential resource for research into the effects of pet ownership during childhood. PMID:21139856

  6. Physician ownership of ambulatory surgery centers and practice patterns for urological surgery: Evidence from the State of Florida

    PubMed Central

    Strope, Seth A.; Daignault, Stephanie; Hollingsworth, John M.; Ze, Zaujun; Wei, John T.; Hollenbeck, Brent K.

    2009-01-01

    Objective To evaluate the relationship between ownership and use of ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs). Methods From 1998 through 2002, ambulatory surgical discharges for procedures within the genitourinary system were abstracted from the Florida State Ambulatory Surgery Database. State-wide utilization rates for ambulatory surgery were calculated by physician-level ownership (using an empirically-derived, externally-validated method) and financial incentives. A surgeon level Poisson regression model was fit to compare the rates of surgery by year, ownership, and their interaction. Results Rates of ambulatory surgery increased from 607 per 100,000 in 1998 to 702 per 100,000 in 2002 (p < 0.01 for trend). While rates at the hospital increased only slightly (0.9%), those at the ASC were up by 53% (p < 0.01). Physician ownership was associated with this greater utilization as new owners increased their use from 9 per 100,000 to 94 per 100,000 (p < 0.01) in the first full year as owners. In the first year of ownership, the proportion of a new owner’s surgeries comprised of financially lucrative procedures increased to 61% compared to 50% in the year preceding ownership (p < 0.01). Conclusions Physician ownership is associated with the increasing use of ASCs, although the extent to which this is attributable to previously unmet demand is unclear. However, new owners appear to alter their procedure-mix after establishing ownership to include a greater share of financially lucrative procedures. PMID:19330889

  7. Association between pet ownership and coronary artery disease in a Chinese population.

    PubMed

    Xie, Zhi-Yong; Zhao, Di; Chen, Bing-Rui; Wang, You-Nan; Ma, Yao; Shi, Hao-Jie; Yang, Yang; Wang, Ze-Mu; Wang, Lian-Sheng

    2017-03-01

    A number of studies have suggested the benefits of pet ownership to human health, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there are few findings regarding pet ownership and coronary artery disease (CAD). The objective of this study is to investigate the association between pet ownership and CAD in a Chinese population. From October 2015 to May 2016, a survey consisting of 561 consecutive patients was done in Nanjing, China. Based on the results of coronary arteriography for the first time, participants were divided into 2 groups (non-CAD and CAD groups). Pet ownership information was collected by using a questionnaire. After multivariate adjustments, pet ownership was associated with a decreased CAD risk (odds ratios [OR]: 0.504, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 0.310-0.819). There was a reduced CAD risk among dog owners (OR: 0.420, 95% CI: 0.242-0.728) when compared with the cat group (OR: 0.738, 95% CI: 0.240-2.266) and the cat and dog group (OR: 1.052, 95% CI: 0.330-3.355). With the increase of pet ownership duration, there was a decreased tendency of CAD risk, including years of keeping pets (P for trend = 0.008) and time of playing with pets per day (P for trend = 0.001). In addition, similar dose-response relationship was observed for starting age of keeping pets (P for trend = 0.002). Pet ownership, especially dog ownership, can be a protective factor for CAD in Chinese patients.

  8. The US gun stock: results from the 2004 national firearms survey

    PubMed Central

    Hepburn, L; Miller, M; Azrael, D; Hemenway, D

    2007-01-01

    Objectives To examine the size and composition of the privately held firearm stock in the US; and to describe demographic patterns of firearm ownership and motivations for ownership. Design, setting and participants A nationally representative household telephone survey of 2770 adults aged ⩾18 years living in the US, conducted in the spring of 2004. Main outcome measure Responses to questions regarding firearm ownership, the number and types of guns owned, and motivations for ownership. Results 38% of households and 26% of individuals reported owning at least one firearm. This corresponds to 42 million US households with firearms, and 57 million adult gun owners. 64% of gun owners or 16% of American adults reported owning at least one handgun. Long guns represent 60% of the privately held gun stock. Almost half (48%) of all individual gun owners reported owning ⩾4 firearms. Men more often reported firearm ownership, with 45% stating that they personally owned at least one firearm, compared with 11% for women. Conclusions The US population continues to contain at least one firearm for every adult, and ownership is becoming increasingly concentrated. Long guns are the most prevalent type of gun in the US but handgun ownership is widespread. Ownership demographic patterns support findings of previous studies. PMID:17296683

  9. Exploring ownership in a developmental context.

    PubMed

    Noles, Nicholaus S; Keil, Frank C

    2011-01-01

    Ownership and economic behaviors are highly salient elements of the human social landscape. Indeed, the human world is literally constructed of property. Individuals perceive and manipulate a complex web of people and property that is largely invisible and abstract. In this chapter, the authors focus on drawing together information from a variety of disciplines, including legal theory, philosophy, psychology, and economics, to begin creating a coherent picture of the cognitive architecture that underlies ownership concepts. In doing so, the authors review theories of ownership and discuss recent research that highlights the unique contributions garnered by studying ownership in a developmental context. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company.

  10. The relationship between gun ownership and firearm homicide rates in the United States, 1981-2010.

    PubMed

    Siegel, Michael; Ross, Craig S; King, Charles

    2013-11-01

    We examined the relationship between levels of household firearm ownership, as measured directly and by a proxy-the percentage of suicides committed with a firearm-and age-adjusted firearm homicide rates at the state level. We conducted a negative binomial regression analysis of panel data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Web-Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting Systems database on gun ownership and firearm homicide rates across all 50 states during 1981 to 2010. We determined fixed effects for year, accounted for clustering within states with generalized estimating equations, and controlled for potential state-level confounders. Gun ownership was a significant predictor of firearm homicide rates (incidence rate ratio = 1.009; 95% confidence interval = 1.004, 1.014). This model indicated that for each percentage point increase in gun ownership, the firearm homicide rate increased by 0.9%. We observed a robust correlation between higher levels of gun ownership and higher firearm homicide rates. Although we could not determine causation, we found that states with higher rates of gun ownership had disproportionately large numbers of deaths from firearm-related homicides.

  11. Gun ownership and social gun culture.

    PubMed

    Kalesan, Bindu; Villarreal, Marcos D; Keyes, Katherine M; Galea, Sandro

    2016-06-01

    We assessed gun ownership rates in 2013 across the USA and the association between exposure to a social gun culture and gun ownership. We used data from a nationally representative sample of 4000 US adults, from 50 states and District of Columbia, aged >18 years to assess gun ownership and social gun culture performed in October 2013. State-level firearm policy information was obtained from the Brady Law Center and Injury Prevention and Control Center. One-third of Americans reported owning a gun, ranging from 5.2% in Delaware to 61.7% in Alaska. Gun ownership was 2.25-times greater among those reporting social gun culture (PR=2.25, 95% CI 2.02 to 2.52) than those who did not. In conclusion, we found strong association between social gun culture and gun ownership. Gun cultures may need to be considered for public health strategies that aim to change gun ownership in the USA. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

  12. Ethnic and Sex Differences in Ownership of Preventive Health Equipment Among Rural Older Adults With Diabetes

    PubMed Central

    Bell, Ronny A.; Arcury, Thomas A.; Stafford, Jeanette M.; Golden, Shannon L.; Snively, Beverly M.; Quandt, Sara A.

    2008-01-01

    Context Diabetes self-management is important for achieving successful health outcomes. Different levels of self-management have been reported among various populations, though little is known about ownership of equipment that can enhance accomplishment of these tasks. Purpose This study examined diabetes self-management equipment ownership among rural older adults. Methods Participants included African American, American Indian, and white men and women 65 years of age and older. Data included equipment ownership overall and by ethnicity and sex across diabetes self-management domains (glucose monitoring, foot care, medication adherence, exercise, and diet). Associations between equipment ownership and demographic and health characteristics were assessed using logistic regression. Findings Equipment ownership ranged from 85.0% for blood glucose meters to less than 11% for special socks, modified dishes, and various forms of home exercise equipment. Equipment ownership was associated with ethnicity, living arrangements, mobility, poverty status, and formal education. Conclusions Rural older adults with diabetes are at risk because they lack equipment to perform some self-management tasks. Providers should be sensitive to and assist patients in overcoming this barrier. PMID:17868240

  13. Women's Individual Asset Ownership and Experience of Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence From 28 International Surveys.

    PubMed

    Peterman, Amber; Pereira, Audrey; Bleck, Jennifer; Palermo, Tia M; Yount, Kathryn M

    2017-05-01

    To assess the oft-perceived protective relationship between women's asset ownership and experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the previous 12 months. We used international survey data from women aged 15 to 49 years from 28 Demographic and Health Surveys (2010-2014) to examine the association between owning assets and experience of recent IPV, matching on household wealth by using multivariate probit models. Matching methods helped to account for the higher probability that women in wealthier households also have a higher likelihood of owning assets. Asset ownership of any type was negatively associated with IPV in 3 countries, positively associated in 5 countries, and had no significant relationship in 20 countries (P < .10). Disaggregation by asset type, sole or joint ownership, women's age, and community level of women's asset ownership similarly showed no conclusive patterns. Results suggest that the relationship between women's asset ownership and IPV is highly context specific. Additional methodologies and data are needed to identify causality, and to understand how asset ownership differs from other types of women's economic empowerment.

  14. Ethnic and sex differences in ownership of preventive health equipment among rural older adults with diabetes.

    PubMed

    Bell, Ronny A; Arcury, Thomas A; Stafford, Jeanette M; Golden, Shannon L; Snively, Beverly M; Quandt, Sara A

    2007-01-01

    Diabetes self-management is important for achieving successful health outcomes. Different levels of self-management have been reported among various populations, though little is known about ownership of equipment that can enhance accomplishment of these tasks. This study examined diabetes self-management equipment ownership among rural older adults. Participants included African American, American Indian, and white men and women 65 years of age and older. Data included equipment ownership overall and by ethnicity and sex across diabetes self-management domains (glucose monitoring, foot care, medication adherence, exercise, and diet). Associations between equipment ownership and demographic and health characteristics were assessed using logistic regression. Equipment ownership ranged from 85.0% for blood glucose meters to less than 11% for special socks, modified dishes, and various forms of home exercise equipment. Equipment ownership was associated with ethnicity, living arrangements, mobility, poverty status, and formal education. Rural older adults with diabetes are at risk because they lack equipment to perform some self-management tasks. Providers should be sensitive to and assist patients in overcoming this barrier.

  15. Risk factors for unsuccessful dog ownership: an epidemiologic study in Taiwan.

    PubMed

    Weng, Hsin-Yi; Kass, Philip H; Hart, Lynette A; Chomel, Bruno B

    2006-11-17

    This retrospective study of 259 Taiwanese dog owners in 2004 addressed one of the major contributors to dog overpopulation in Taiwan: unsuccessful dog ownership. We found an inverse association between age of the dog at acquisition and risk of unsuccessful dog ownership: the younger the dog at acquisition the higher the risk. The incidence-proportion ratios (IPRs) of unsuccessful dog ownership for the owners who had a history of pet abandonment or losing a pet compared with those without such a history were 1.8 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.1, 3.0) and 2.1 (95% CI=1.3, 3.3), respectively. Soiling (IPR=2.0, 95% CI=1.3, 3.1) and barking (IPR=1.6, 95% CI=1.0, 2.6) problems had the strongest effects on unsuccessful dog ownership among the post-acquisition variables studied. Preventing owners with a history of unsuccessful dog ownership from acquiring dogs was predicted to yield the largest reduction of risk of unsuccessful dog ownership among the investigated variables (population attributable fraction=33%, 95% CI=11%, 50%).

  16. The non-obvious basis of ownership: Preschool children trace the history and value of owned objects

    PubMed Central

    Gelman, Susan A.; Manczak, Erika M.; Noles, Nicholaus S.

    2012-01-01

    For adults, ownership is non-obvious: (a) determining ownership depends more on an object’s history than on perceptual cues, and (b) ownership confers special value on an object (“endowment effect”). This study examined these concepts in preschoolers (2.0–4.4) and adults (N=112). Participants saw toy-sets in which one toy was designated as the participant’s, and one as the researcher’s. Toys were then scrambled and participants were asked to identify their toy and the researcher’s toy. By three years of age, participants used object history to determine ownership, and identified even undesirable toys as their own. Furthermore, participants at all ages showed an endowment effect (greater liking of items designated as their own). Thus, even 2-year-olds appreciate the non-obvious basis of ownership. PMID:22716967

  17. When do objects become more attractive? The individual and interactive effects of choice and ownership on object evaluation.

    PubMed

    Huang, Yunhui; Wang, Lei; Shi, Junqi

    2009-06-01

    Four studies used the Implicit Association Test to explore the individual and interactive influence of perceived ownership and perceived choice on object evaluation. In Study 1, participants implicitly preferred their possessions over others' when all chosen by a third party (i.e., the ownership effect). In Study 2, participants implicitly preferred self-chosen objects over other-chosen objects when all given to the third party (i.e., the choice effect). In Study 3, the ownership effect disappeared when participants compared their self-chosen possessions with others' possessions that were chosen by the participants. In Study 4, the choice effect remained even when participants compared their self-chosen possessions with their possessions that were chosen by others. These results suggest that while the ownership effect could be attenuated by perceived choice, the choice effect is stable even under the influence of perceived ownership.

  18. Association between pet ownership and coronary artery disease in a Chinese population

    PubMed Central

    Xie, Zhi-Yong; Zhao, Di; Chen, Bing-Rui; Wang, You-Nan; Ma, Yao; Shi, Hao-Jie; Yang, Yang; Wang, Ze-Mu; Wang, Lian-Sheng

    2017-01-01

    Abstract A number of studies have suggested the benefits of pet ownership to human health, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there are few findings regarding pet ownership and coronary artery disease (CAD). The objective of this study is to investigate the association between pet ownership and CAD in a Chinese population. From October 2015 to May 2016, a survey consisting of 561 consecutive patients was done in Nanjing, China. Based on the results of coronary arteriography for the first time, participants were divided into 2 groups (non-CAD and CAD groups). Pet ownership information was collected by using a questionnaire. After multivariate adjustments, pet ownership was associated with a decreased CAD risk (odds ratios [OR]: 0.504, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 0.310–0.819). There was a reduced CAD risk among dog owners (OR: 0.420, 95% CI: 0.242–0.728) when compared with the cat group (OR: 0.738, 95% CI: 0.240–2.266) and the cat and dog group (OR: 1.052, 95% CI: 0.330–3.355). With the increase of pet ownership duration, there was a decreased tendency of CAD risk, including years of keeping pets (P for trend = 0.008) and time of playing with pets per day (P for trend = 0.001). In addition, similar dose–response relationship was observed for starting age of keeping pets (P for trend = 0.002). Pet ownership, especially dog ownership, can be a protective factor for CAD in Chinese patients. PMID:28353582

  19. 47 CFR 1.2112 - Ownership disclosure requirements for applications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Ownership disclosure requirements for... PROCEDURE Competitive Bidding Proceedings General Procedures § 1.2112 Ownership disclosure requirements for... agreements, management agreements, franchise agreements, spectrum leasing arrangements, spectrum resale...

  20. Nursing Home Ownership Trends and Their Impact on Quality of Care: A Study Using Detailed Ownership Data from Texas

    PubMed Central

    Stevenson, David G.; Bramson, Jeffrey S.; Grabowski, David C.

    2016-01-01

    The role of ownership in the provision of nursing home care has long been a challenging issue for policymakers and researchers. Although much of the focus historically has been on differences between for-profit and not-for-profit facilities, this simple distinction has become less useful in recent years as companies have employed more complicated ownership and management structures. Using detailed ownership data from the State of Texas, we describe the evolution of nursing home corporate structures from 2000–2007, analyze the effect of these structures on quality of care and staffing in nursing homes, and discuss the policy implications of these changes. PMID:23256557

  1. Alternative financing mechanisms for ART programs in health facilities in Uganda: a mixed-methods approach.

    PubMed

    Zakumumpa, Henry; Bennett, Sara; Ssengooba, Freddie

    2017-01-23

    Sub-Saharan Africa is heavily dependent on global health initiatives (GHIs) for funding antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up. There are indications that global investments for ART scale-up are flattening. It is unclear what new funding channels can bridge the funding gap for ART service delivery. Many previous studies have focused on domestic government spending and international funding especially from GHIs. The objective of this study was to identify the funding strategies adopted by health facilities in Uganda to sustain ART programs between 2004 and 2014 and to explore variations in financing mechanisms by ownership of health facility. A mixed-methods approach was employed. A survey of health facilities (N = 195) across Uganda which commenced ART delivery between 2004 and 2009 was conducted. Six health facilities were purposively selected for in-depth examination. Semi-structured interviews (N = 18) were conducted with ART Clinic managers (three from each of the six health facilities). Statistical analyses were performed in STATA (Version 12.0) and qualitative data were analyzed by coding and thematic analysis. Multiple funding sources for ART programs were common with 140 (72%) of the health facilities indicating at least two concurrent grants supporting ART service delivery between 2009 and 2014. Private philanthropic aid emerged as an important source of supplemental funding for ART service delivery. ART financing strategies were differentiated by ownership of health facility. Private not-for-profit providers were more externally-focused (multiple grants, philanthropic aid). For-profit providers were more client-oriented (fee-for-service, insurance schemes). Public facilities sought additional funding streams not dissimilar to other health facility ownership-types. Over the 10-year study period, health facilities in Uganda diversified funding sources for ART service delivery. The identified alternative funding mechanisms could reduce dependence on GHI funding and increase local ownership of HIV programs. Further research evaluating the potential contribution of the identified alternative financing mechanisms in bridging the global HIV funding gap is recommended.

  2. Health financing policies in Sub-Saharan Africa: government ownership or donors' influence? A scoping review of policymaking processes.

    PubMed

    Gautier, Lara; Ridde, Valéry

    2017-01-01

    The rise on the international scene of advocacy for universal health coverage (UHC) was accompanied by the promotion of a variety of health financing policies. Major donors presented health insurance, user fee exemption, and results-based financing policies as relevant instruments for achieving UHC in Sub-Saharan Africa. The "donor-driven" push for policies aiming at UHC raises concerns about governments' effective buy-in of such policies. Because the latter has implications on the success of such policies, we searched for evidence of government ownership of the policymaking process. We conducted a scoping review of the English and French literature from January 2001 to December 2015 on government ownership of decision-making on policies aiming at UHC in Sub-Saharan Africa. Thirty-five (35) results were retrieved. We extracted, synthesized and analyzed data in order to provide insights on ownership at five stages of the policymaking process: emergence, formulation, funding, implementation, and evaluation. The majority of articles (24/35) showed mixed results (i.e. ownership was identified at one or more levels of policymaking process but not all) in terms of government ownership. Authors of only five papers provided evidence of ownership at all reviewed policymaking stages. When results demonstrated some lack of government ownership at any of the five stages, we noticed that donors did not necessarily play a role: other actors' involvement was contributing to undermining government-owned decision-making, such as the private sector. We also found evidence that both government ownership and donors' influence can successfully coexist. Future research should look beyond indicators of government ownership, by analyzing historical factors behind the imbalance of power between the different actors during policy negotiations. There is a need to investigate how some national actors become policy champions and thereby influence policy formulation. In order to effectively achieve government ownership of financing policies aiming at UHC, we recommend strengthening the State's coordination and domestic funding mobilization roles, together with securing a higher involvement of governmental (both political and technical) actors by donors.

  3. Minnesota Land Ownership Trends, 1962-1977

    Treesearch

    Pamela J. Jakes; Alexander Vasilevsky

    1980-01-01

    The distribution of Minnesota's commercial forest land among ownership classes has remained stable between 1962 and 1977. This note summarizes commercial forest ownership data by Forest Survey Unit for 1962 and 1977 and presents more detailed area statistics for Minnesota's 17 northern countries.

  4. What Are Women Being Exposed to? A Review of the Quality, Content and Ownership of Websites on Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.

    PubMed

    Hardy, Claire; Sillence, Elizabeth

    2016-01-01

    An increasing number of people are now turning to the Internet for health information. Internet use is especially likely in women with the clinical condition premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which affects approximately 8% of premenopausal women. However, to date, there has not been a review of the quality of these online resources on PMDD. The aim of the present study was to address this gap by reviewing websites containing PMDD information. A search was conducted on three commonly used search engines (Google, Yahoo, and Bing). The first 50 results were extracted and compared across each search engine results to determine unique resources. After removing inaccessible links, a total of 69 unique websites were reviewed to evaluate their general quality, condition-specific content quality, and ownership. The websites varied widely in terms of their quality and ownership. Most returned websites were from web providers, U.S. health care providers, and media companies. General quality (e.g., design) was modest; yet, condition-specific content quality was far poorer. Women are being exposed to a varying degree of quality information about PMDD. Health professionals and website owners of this information should consider this and encourage better online resources to help this patient group. The paper presents the five highest scoring websites that may be used by those with a vested interest in PMDD, such as health professionals or women with PMDD. Copyright © 2016 Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  5. Improvement in word recognition score with level is associated with hearing aid ownership among patients with hearing loss.

    PubMed

    Halpin, Chris; Rauch, Steven D

    2012-01-01

    Market surveys consistently show that only 22% of those with hearing loss own hearing aids. This is often ascribed to cosmetics, but is it possible that patients apply a different auditory criterion than do audiologists and manufacturers? We tabulated hearing aid ownership in a survey of 1000 consecutive patients. We separated hearing loss cases, with one cohort in which word recognition in quiet could improve with gain (vs. 40 dB HL) and another without such improvement but nonetheless with audiometric thresholds within the manufacturer's fitting ranges. Overall, we found that exactly 22% of hearing loss patients in this sample owned hearing aids; the same finding has been reported in many previous, well-accepted surveys. However, while all patients in the two cohorts experienced difficulty in noise, patients in the cohort without word recognition improvement were found to own hearing aids at a rate of 0.3%, while those patients whose word recognition could increase with level were found to own hearing aids at a rate of 50%. Results also coherently fit a logistic model where shift of the word recognition performance curve by level corresponded to the likelihood of ownership. In addition to the common attribution of low hearing aid usage to patient denial, cosmetic issues, price, or social stigma, these results provide one alternative explanation based on measurable improvement in word recognition performance. Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  6. Style over substance: What can parenting styles tell us about ownership styles and obesity in companion animals?

    PubMed

    German, Alexander J

    2015-01-01

    Obesity is a major medical concern in human subjects, and most concerning is the rapid recent increase in childhood obesity. Children are more likely to be obese if their parents are obese, an effect that is mediated both by genetics and environment, most notably parental influence. Four major parenting styles have been recognised: authoritative; authoritarian; indulgent; uninvolved. Too much parental control, as with the authoritarian style, is associated with a higher weight status in children. Conversely, indulgent feeding styles can also have negative consequences and, where control is too lax, a poor relationship with food develops, which may also lead to weight gain. Obesity is also a growing concern in companion animals, and it has parallels with obesity in children. For instance, overweight people are more likely to own overweight dogs. Furthermore, the care that people provide for their pets mirrors that which parents provide for children, and pets are commonly viewed as child substitutes. These similarities raise obvious questions about whether different styles of pet ownership exist, and what part they may play in attitudes to feeding as well as predisposition to obesity in pets. Future work could focus on determining to what extent styles of pet ownership mirror parenting styles, whether there are links to obesity in dogs and cats. Knowledge regarding the owner-pet bond might provide comparative insights into the links between parenting styles and childhood obesity.

  7. Dog ownership and adolescent physical activity.

    PubMed

    Sirard, John R; Patnode, Carrie D; Hearst, Mary O; Laska, Melissa N

    2011-03-01

    Positive associations between dog ownership and adult health outcomes have been observed, but research involving youth is lacking. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of family dog ownership to adolescent physical activity. Data were collected on dog ownership in 618 adolescent/parent pairs between 9/2006 and 6/2008 and analyzed in 2010. Adolescent physical activity was assessed by ActiGraph accelerometers. Adolescents' mean age was 14.6±1.8 years and 49% were male. White and higher-SES adolescents were more likely to own a dog. In models adjusted for age, puberty, gender, race, total household members, and SES, adolescent physical activity (mean counts·min(-1)day(-1)) remained significantly associated with dog ownership (β=24.3, SE=12.4, p=0.05), whereas the association with minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day became nonsignificant (β=2.2, SE=1.2, p=0.07). No significant results were observed for other adolescent characteristics. Dog ownership was associated with more physical activity among adolescents. Further research using longitudinal data will help clarify the role that dog ownership may have on adolescent physical activity. Copyright © 2011 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  8. The Relationship Between Gun Ownership and Firearm Homicide Rates in the United States, 1981–2010

    PubMed Central

    Ross, Craig S.

    2013-01-01

    Objectives. We examined the relationship between levels of household firearm ownership, as measured directly and by a proxy—the percentage of suicides committed with a firearm—and age-adjusted firearm homicide rates at the state level. Methods. We conducted a negative binomial regression analysis of panel data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Web-Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting Systems database on gun ownership and firearm homicide rates across all 50 states during 1981 to 2010. We determined fixed effects for year, accounted for clustering within states with generalized estimating equations, and controlled for potential state-level confounders. Results. Gun ownership was a significant predictor of firearm homicide rates (incidence rate ratio = 1.009; 95% confidence interval = 1.004, 1.014). This model indicated that for each percentage point increase in gun ownership, the firearm homicide rate increased by 0.9%. Conclusions. We observed a robust correlation between higher levels of gun ownership and higher firearm homicide rates. Although we could not determine causation, we found that states with higher rates of gun ownership had disproportionately large numbers of deaths from firearm-related homicides. PMID:24028252

  9. “That’s a good question”: University researchers’ views on ownership and retention of human genetic specimens

    PubMed Central

    Cadigan, R. Jean; Easter, Michele M.; Dobson, Allison W.; Davis, Arlene M.; Rothschild, Barbra B.; Zimmer, Catherine; Sterling, Rene; Henderson, Gail

    2012-01-01

    Purpose To explore the views of university-based investigators conducting genetic research with human specimens regarding ownership and retention of specimens, and knowledge of related institutional review board and university policies. Methods Data were collected in three phases: a qualitative pilot study of 14 investigators; a web-based survey taken by 80 investigators; and follow-up, in-depth interviews with 12 survey respondents. Results Investigators named a variety of single or multiple owners of human specimens and often expressed confusion regarding specimen ownership. Most associated ownership with rights to control, and responsibilities to maintain, specimens. Investigators viewed specimens as “precious” resources whose value could be increased through long-term or infinite retention, particularly in light of anticipated technological advances in genome science. Their views on ownership and retention were shaped by perceptions of institutional review board policies as immortalized in subject informed consent documents, rather than knowledge of actual policies. Conclusion Long-term retention of human specimens makes confusion about ownership particularly problematic. Given findings that investigators’ views on ownership and retention are largely guided by their perception of university policies, the need for clear, consistent policies at the institution level is urgent. PMID:21659952

  10. Examining the relationship between the prevalence of guns and homicide rates in the USA using a new and improved state-level gun ownership proxy.

    PubMed

    Siegel, Michael; Ross, Craig S; King, Charles

    2014-12-01

    Determining the relationship between gun ownership levels and firearm homicide rates is critical to inform public health policy. Previous research has shown that state-level gun ownership, as measured by a widely used proxy, is positively associated with firearm homicide rates. A newly developed proxy measure that incorporates the hunting license rate in addition to the proportion of firearm suicides correlates more highly with state-level gun ownership. To corroborate previous research, we used this new proxy to estimate the association of state-level gun ownership with total, firearm, and non-firearm homicides. Using state-specific data for the years 1981-2010, we modelled these rates as a function of gun ownership level, controlling for potential confounding factors. We used a negative binomial regression model and accounted for clustering of observations among states. We found that state-level gun ownership as measured by the new proxy, is significantly associated with firearm and total homicides but not with non-firearm homicides. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

  11. Rural Hospital Ownership: Medical Service Provision, Market Mix, and Spillover Effects

    PubMed Central

    Horwitz, Jill R; Nichols, Austin

    2011-01-01

    Objective To test whether nonprofit, for-profit, or government hospital ownership affects medical service provision in rural hospital markets, either directly or through the spillover effects of ownership mix. Data Sources/Study Setting Data are from the American Hospital Association, U.S. Census, CMS Healthcare Cost Report Information System and Prospective Payment System Minimum Data File, and primary data collection for geographic coordinates. The sample includes all nonfederal, general medical, and surgical hospitals located outside of metropolitan statistical areas and within the continental United States from 1988 to 2005. Study Design We estimate multivariate regression models to examine the effects of (1) hospital ownership and (2) hospital ownership mix within rural hospital markets on profitable versus unprofitable medical service offerings. Principal Findings Rural nonprofit hospitals are more likely than for-profit hospitals to offer unprofitable services, many of which are underprovided services. Nonprofits respond less than for-profits to changes in service profitability. Nonprofits with more for-profit competitors offer more profitable services and fewer unprofitable services than those with fewer for-profit competitors. Conclusions Rural hospital ownership affects medical service provision at the hospital and market levels. Nonprofit hospital regulation should reflect both the direct and spillover effects of ownership. PMID:21639860

  12. Women’s Individual Asset Ownership and Experience of Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence From 28 International Surveys

    PubMed Central

    Pereira, Audrey; Bleck, Jennifer; Palermo, Tia M.; Yount, Kathryn M.

    2017-01-01

    Objectives. To assess the oft-perceived protective relationship between women’s asset ownership and experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the previous 12 months. Methods. We used international survey data from women aged 15 to 49 years from 28 Demographic and Health Surveys (2010–2014) to examine the association between owning assets and experience of recent IPV, matching on household wealth by using multivariate probit models. Matching methods helped to account for the higher probability that women in wealthier households also have a higher likelihood of owning assets. Results. Asset ownership of any type was negatively associated with IPV in 3 countries, positively associated in 5 countries, and had no significant relationship in 20 countries (P < .10). Disaggregation by asset type, sole or joint ownership, women’s age, and community level of women’s asset ownership similarly showed no conclusive patterns. Conclusions. Results suggest that the relationship between women’s asset ownership and IPV is highly context specific. Additional methodologies and data are needed to identify causality, and to understand how asset ownership differs from other types of women’s economic empowerment. PMID:28398779

  13. Rural hospital ownership: medical service provision, market mix, and spillover effects.

    PubMed

    Horwitz, Jill R; Nichols, Austin

    2011-10-01

    To test whether nonprofit, for-profit, or government hospital ownership affects medical service provision in rural hospital markets, either directly or through the spillover effects of ownership mix. Data are from the American Hospital Association, U.S. Census, CMS Healthcare Cost Report Information System and Prospective Payment System Minimum Data File, and primary data collection for geographic coordinates. The sample includes all nonfederal, general medical, and surgical hospitals located outside of metropolitan statistical areas and within the continental United States from 1988 to 2005. We estimate multivariate regression models to examine the effects of (1) hospital ownership and (2) hospital ownership mix within rural hospital markets on profitable versus unprofitable medical service offerings. Rural nonprofit hospitals are more likely than for-profit hospitals to offer unprofitable services, many of which are underprovided services. Nonprofits respond less than for-profits to changes in service profitability. Nonprofits with more for-profit competitors offer more profitable services and fewer unprofitable services than those with fewer for-profit competitors. Rural hospital ownership affects medical service provision at the hospital and market levels. Nonprofit hospital regulation should reflect both the direct and spillover effects of ownership. © Health Research and Educational Trust.

  14. 7 CFR 761.8 - Loan Limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... assumption of indebtedness. (1) Farm Ownership, Downpayment loans, Conservation loans, and Soil and Water... direct Farm Ownership loan, direct Conservation loan, direct Soil and Water loan, guaranteed Farm Ownership loan, guaranteed Conservation loan, and guaranteed Soil and Water loan-$700,000 (for fiscal year...

  15. 7 CFR 761.8 - Loan Limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... assumption of indebtedness. (1) Farm Ownership, Downpayment loans, Conservation loans, and Soil and Water... direct Farm Ownership loan, direct Conservation loan, direct Soil and Water loan, guaranteed Farm Ownership loan, guaranteed Conservation loan, and guaranteed Soil and Water loan-$700,000 (for fiscal year...

  16. Generating Broad-Scale Forest Ownership Maps: A Closest-Neighbor Approach

    Treesearch

    Brett J. Butler

    2005-01-01

    A closest-neighbor method for producing a forest ownership map using remotely sensed imagery and point-based ownership information is presented for the Northeastern United States. Based on a validation data set, this method had an accuracy rate of 58 percent.

  17. 24 CFR 960.701 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ..., AND OCCUPANCY OF, PUBLIC HOUSING Pet Ownership in Public Housing § 960.701 Purpose. The purpose of.... 1437z-3), to permit pet ownership by residents of public housing, subject to compliance with reasonable requirements established by the public housing agency (PHA) for pet ownership. ...

  18. 24 CFR 960.701 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ..., AND OCCUPANCY OF, PUBLIC HOUSING Pet Ownership in Public Housing § 960.701 Purpose. The purpose of.... 1437z-3), to permit pet ownership by residents of public housing, subject to compliance with reasonable requirements established by the public housing agency (PHA) for pet ownership. ...

  19. 24 CFR 960.701 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ..., AND OCCUPANCY OF, PUBLIC HOUSING Pet Ownership in Public Housing § 960.701 Purpose. The purpose of.... 1437z-3), to permit pet ownership by residents of public housing, subject to compliance with reasonable requirements established by the public housing agency (PHA) for pet ownership. ...

  20. 24 CFR 960.701 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., AND OCCUPANCY OF, PUBLIC HOUSING Pet Ownership in Public Housing § 960.701 Purpose. The purpose of.... 1437z-3), to permit pet ownership by residents of public housing, subject to compliance with reasonable requirements established by the public housing agency (PHA) for pet ownership. ...

  1. 24 CFR 960.701 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ..., AND OCCUPANCY OF, PUBLIC HOUSING Pet Ownership in Public Housing § 960.701 Purpose. The purpose of.... 1437z-3), to permit pet ownership by residents of public housing, subject to compliance with reasonable requirements established by the public housing agency (PHA) for pet ownership. ...

  2. 24 CFR 904.107 - Responsibilities of homebuyer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... shall not assign any right or interest in the home or under the Homebuyers Ownership Opportunity... Homebuyers Ownership Opportunity Agreement shall succeed to the rights and responsibilities under the... shall be designated by the homebuyer at the time the Homebuyers Ownership Opportunity Agreement is...

  3. 7 CFR 761.8 - Loan Limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... assumption of indebtedness. (1) Farm Ownership, Downpayment loans, Conservation loans, and Soil and Water... direct Farm Ownership loan, direct Conservation loan, direct Soil and Water loan, guaranteed Farm Ownership loan, guaranteed Conservation loan, and guaranteed Soil and Water loan-$700,000 (for fiscal year...

  4. 77 FR 74663 - Information Collection; Notification of Ownership Changes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-17

    ... Ownership Changes AGENCIES: Department of Defense (DOD), General Services Administration (GSA), and National... notification of ownership changes. Public comments are particularly invited on: Whether this collection of... technological collection techniques or other forms of information technology. DATES: Comments may be submitted...

  5. Farmworkers in Rural America, 1971-1972: Part 3C, Land Ownership, Use, and Distribution. Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Migratory Labor of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, United States Senate, 92d Congress, 1st and 2d Sessions, January 13, 1972 San Francisco, Calif.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare.

    On January 13, 1972, the subcommittee resumed its hearings on land ownership, agribusiness, and agrigovernment in California. Witnesses testified on: (1) the impact of land use, ownership, and distribution on farmworkers, farmers, and consumers; (2) the national policy of land ownership and distribution; (3) California's water project and…

  6. Curiosity killed the cat: no evidence of an association between cat ownership and psychotic symptoms at ages 13 and 18 years in a UK general population cohort.

    PubMed

    Solmi, F; Hayes, J F; Lewis, G; Kirkbride, J B

    2017-07-01

    Congenital or early life infection with Toxoplasma gondii has been implicated in schizophrenia aetiology. Childhood cat ownership has been hypothesized as an intermediary marker of T. gondii infection and, by proxy, as a risk factor for later psychosis. Evidence supporting this hypothesis is, however, limited. We used birth cohort data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to investigate whether cat ownership in pregnancy and childhood (ages 4 and 10 years) was associated with psychotic experiences (PEs) in early (age 13, N = 6705) and late (age 18, N = 4676) adolescence, rated from semi-structured interviews. We used logistic regression to examine associations between cat ownership and PEs, adjusting for several sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, household characteristics and dog ownership. Missing data were handled via multiple imputation. Cat ownership during pregnancy was not associated with PEs at age 13 years [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97-1.35] or 18 years (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.86-1.35). Initial univariable evidence that cat ownership at ages 4 and 10 years was associated with PEs at age 13 years did not persist after multivariable adjustment (4 years: OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.94-1.48; 10 years: OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.92-1.36). There was no evidence that childhood cat ownership was associated with PEs at age 18 years. While pregnant women should continue to avoid handling soiled cat litter, given possible T. gondii exposure, our study strongly indicates that cat ownership in pregnancy or early childhood does not confer an increased risk of later adolescent PEs.

  7. Nonnative Cattle Ownership, Diet, and Child Height-for-Age: Evidence from the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey.

    PubMed

    Fierstein, Jamie L; Eliasziw, Misha; Rogers, Beatrice Lorge; Forrester, Janet E

    2017-01-11

    In underresourced settings where domestic animals and children often cohabitate, there is limited evidence about the net impact of domestic animal ownership on child health. We analyzed the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey to determine whether household ownership of native cattle, goats, sheep, chickens, pigs, and nonnative cattle was associated with child height-for-age z-scores (HAZ), and to assess the influence of diet on this association in rural and urban environments. Using weighted multivariable linear regression, we found that nonnative cattle ownership was positively associated with HAZ in rural children 0 to < 2 years of age (+1.32 standard deviations [SD], 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2-2.5) and 2 to < 5 years of age (+0.58 SD, 95% CI = 0.003-1.2), and urban children 2 to < 5 years of age (+1.08 SD, 95% CI = 0.38-1.8). Sheep ownership was positively associated with HAZ in rural children 2 to < 5 years of age (+0.29 SD, 95% CI = 0.002-0.58) and goat ownership was positively associated with HAZ in rural children 0 to < 2 years of age (+0.27 SD, 95% CI = 0.003-0.55). We observed no other significant associations. Children who lived in households that owned nonnative cattle consumed dairy more frequently; however, the relationship between child HAZ and nonnative cattle ownership was not mediated by child dairy consumption. These findings suggest that domestic animal ownership may not be detrimental to child HAZ, and that nonnative cattle ownership is beneficial for child HAZ through pathways other than dairy consumption. © The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

  8. Curiosity killed the cat: No evidence of an association between cat ownership and psychotic symptoms at age 13 and 18 years in a UK general population cohort

    PubMed Central

    Solmi, F.; Hayes, J.F; Lewis, G.; Kirkbride, J.B

    2018-01-01

    Background Congenital or early life infection with Toxoplasma Gondii has been implicated in schizophrenia aetiology. Childhood cat ownership has been hypothesised as an intermediary marker of T. Gondii infection and, by proxy, as a risk factor for later psychosis. Evidence supporting this hypothesis is, however, limited. Method We used birth cohort data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to investigate whether cat ownership in pregnancy and childhood (4, 10 years old) was associated with psychotic experiences (PEs) in early (age 13; N=6,705) and late (age 18; N=4,676) adolescence, rated from semi-structured interviews. We used logistic regression to examine associations between cat ownership and PEs, adjusting for several sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, household characteristics and dog ownership. Missing data were handled via multiple imputation. Results Cat ownership during pregnancy was not associated with PEs at age 13 (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97-1.35) or 18 years (OR: 1.08, 95%CI: 0.86-1.35). Initial univariable evidence that cat ownership at 4 and 10 years was associated with PEs at age 13 years did not persist after multivariable adjustment (4 years OR: 1.18, 95%CI: 0.94-1.48; 10 years OR 1.12, 95%CI: 0.92; 1.36). There was no evidence that childhood cat ownership was associated with PEs at 18 years old. Conclusions While pregnant women should continue to avoid handling soiled cat litter, given possible T Gondii exposure, our study strongly indicates that cat ownership in pregnancy or early childhood does not confer an increased risk of later adolescent PEs. PMID:28222824

  9. The Moving Rubber Hand Illusion Reveals that Explicit Sense of Agency for Tapping Movements Is Preserved in Functional Movement Disorders.

    PubMed

    Marotta, Angela; Bombieri, Federica; Zampini, Massimiliano; Schena, Federico; Dallocchio, Carlo; Fiorio, Mirta; Tinazzi, Michele

    2017-01-01

    Functional movement disorders (FMD) are characterized by motor symptoms (e.g., tremor, gait disorder, and dystonia) that are not compatible with movement abnormalities related to a known organic cause. One key clinical feature of FMD is that motor symptoms are similar to voluntary movements but are subjectively experienced as involuntary by patients. This gap might be related to abnormal self-recognition of bodily action, which involves two main components: sense of agency and sense of body ownership. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate whether this function is altered in FMD, specifically focusing on the subjective feeling of agency, body ownership, and their interaction during normal voluntary movements. Patients with FMD ( n = 21) and healthy controls ( n = 21) underwent the moving Rubber Hand Illusion (mRHI), in which passive and active movements can differentially elicit agency, ownership or both. Explicit measures of agency and ownership were obtained via a questionnaire. Patients and controls showed a similar pattern of response: when the rubber hand was in a plausible posture, active movements elicited strong agency and ownership; implausible posture of the rubber hand abolished ownership but not agency; passive movements suppressed agency but not ownership. These findings suggest that explicit sense of agency and body ownership are preserved in FMD. The latter finding is shared by a previous study in FMD using a static version of the RHI, whereas the former appears to contrast with studies demonstrating altered implicit measures of agency (e.g., sensory attenuation). Our study extends previous findings by suggesting that in FMD: (i) the sense of body ownership is retained also when interacting with the motor system; (ii) the subjective experience of agency for voluntary tapping movements, as measured by means of mRHI, is preserved.

  10. Virtual Hand Illusion Induced by Visuomotor Correlations

    PubMed Central

    Sanchez-Vives, Maria V.; Spanlang, Bernhard; Frisoli, Antonio; Bergamasco, Massimo; Slater, Mel

    2010-01-01

    Background Our body schema gives the subjective impression of being highly stable. However, a number of easily-evoked illusions illustrate its remarkable malleability. In the rubber-hand illusion, illusory ownership of a rubber-hand is evoked by synchronous visual and tactile stimulation on a visible rubber arm and on the hidden real arm. Ownership is concurrent with a proprioceptive illusion of displacement of the arm position towards the fake arm. We have previously shown that this illusion of ownership plus the proprioceptive displacement also occurs towards a virtual 3D projection of an arm when the appropriate synchronous visuotactile stimulation is provided. Our objective here was to explore whether these illusions (ownership and proprioceptive displacement) can be induced by only synchronous visuomotor stimulation, in the absence of tactile stimulation. Methodology/Principal Findings To achieve this we used a data-glove that uses sensors transmitting the positions of fingers to a virtually projected hand in the synchronous but not in the asynchronous condition. The illusion of ownership was measured by means of questionnaires. Questions related to ownership gave significantly larger values for the synchronous than for the asynchronous condition. Proprioceptive displacement provided an objective measure of the illusion and had a median value of 3.5 cm difference between the synchronous and asynchronous conditions. In addition, the correlation between the feeling of ownership of the virtual arm and the size of the drift was significant. Conclusions/Significance We conclude that synchrony between visual and proprioceptive information along with motor activity is able to induce an illusion of ownership over a virtual arm. This has implications regarding the brain mechanisms underlying body ownership as well as the use of virtual bodies in therapies and rehabilitation. PMID:20454463

  11. Role, ownership and presence of domestic animals in peri-urban households of Kisumu, Kenya.

    PubMed

    Barnes, A N; Mumma, J; Cumming, O

    2018-02-01

    Low- and middle-income countries are experiencing rapid urban population growth, particularly in peri-urban informal settlements. In these urban areas, animal husbandry remains a valuable source of income and protein-rich foods but may also present a risk of zoonotic disease threat. To date, there have been studies that have assessed the prevalence and nature of animal ownership in these communities. This cross-sectional survey assessed the geographical, sociocultural and economic factors behind the presence, ownership and purpose of domestic animals in three informal peri-urban communities of Kisumu, Kenya. A majority (n = 587) of the study households exhibited domestic animal presence in the living space yet only 32% of households reported animal ownership (n = 252). The purposes of ownership included: for meat/eggs (55%); for income, sale or trade (43%); for milk production (31%); and as companions/pets (31%). Among households that owned animals, 76% reported that at least one animal slept in the house at night. In multivariate logistic regression, the following factors were significantly associated with household animal ownership: ownership of agricultural land (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.12, 3.35), perceiving a strong community bond (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.25, 4.16), and household membership in a community group (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.04, 2.60). This research demonstrates the high prevalence of animal ownership in a low-income and high-density peri-urban neighbourhood of an African city, which may facilitate zoonotic disease transmission. Further research should assess if and to what extent animal ownership in such communities is associated with disease risk. © 2017 The Authors. Zoonoses and Public Health Published by Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  12. Nonnative Cattle Ownership, Diet, and Child Height-for-Age: Evidence from the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey

    PubMed Central

    Fierstein, Jamie L.; Eliasziw, Misha; Rogers, Beatrice Lorge; Forrester, Janet E.

    2017-01-01

    In underresourced settings where domestic animals and children often cohabitate, there is limited evidence about the net impact of domestic animal ownership on child health. We analyzed the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey to determine whether household ownership of native cattle, goats, sheep, chickens, pigs, and nonnative cattle was associated with child height-for-age z-scores (HAZ), and to assess the influence of diet on this association in rural and urban environments. Using weighted multivariable linear regression, we found that nonnative cattle ownership was positively associated with HAZ in rural children 0 to < 2 years of age (+1.32 standard deviations [SD], 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2–2.5) and 2 to < 5 years of age (+0.58 SD, 95% CI = 0.003–1.2), and urban children 2 to < 5 years of age (+1.08 SD, 95% CI = 0.38–1.8). Sheep ownership was positively associated with HAZ in rural children 2 to < 5 years of age (+0.29 SD, 95% CI = 0.002–0.58) and goat ownership was positively associated with HAZ in rural children 0 to < 2 years of age (+0.27 SD, 95% CI = 0.003–0.55). We observed no other significant associations. Children who lived in households that owned nonnative cattle consumed dairy more frequently; however, the relationship between child HAZ and nonnative cattle ownership was not mediated by child dairy consumption. These findings suggest that domestic animal ownership may not be detrimental to child HAZ, and that nonnative cattle ownership is beneficial for child HAZ through pathways other than dairy consumption. PMID:27821693

  13. Spatially defined modulation of skin temperature and hand ownership of both hands in patients with unilateral complex regional pain syndrome.

    PubMed

    Moseley, G Lorimer; Gallace, Alberto; Iannetti, Gian Domenico

    2012-12-01

    Numerous clinical conditions, including complex regional pain syndrome, are characterized by autonomic dysfunctions (e.g. altered thermoregulation, sometimes confined to a single limb), and disrupted cortical representation of the body and the surrounding space. The presence, in patients with complex regional pain syndrome, of a disruption in spatial perception, bodily ownership and thermoregulation led us to hypothesize that impaired spatial perception might result in a spatial-dependent modulation of thermoregulation and bodily ownership over the affected limb. In five experiments involving a total of 23 patients with complex regional pain syndrome of one arm and 10 healthy control subjects, we measured skin temperature of the hand with infrared thermal imaging, before and after experimental periods of either 9 or 10 min each, during which the hand was held on one or the other side of the body midline. Tactile processing was assessed by temporal order judgements of pairs of vibrotactile stimuli, delivered one to each hand. Pain and sense of ownership over the hand were assessed by self-report scales. Across experiments, when kept on its usual side of the body midline, the affected hand was 0.5 ± 0.3°C cooler than the healthy hand (P < 0.02 for all, a common finding in cold-type complex regional pain syndrome), and tactile stimuli delivered to the healthy hand were prioritized over those delivered to the affected hand. Simply crossing both hands over the midline resulted in (i) warming of the affected hand (the affected hand became 0.4 ± 0.3°C warmer than when it was in the uncrossed position; P = 0.01); (ii) cooling of the healthy hand (by 0.3 ± 0.3°C; P = 0.02); and (iii) reversal of the prioritization of tactile processing. When only the affected hand was crossed over the midline, it became warmer (by 0.5 ± 0.3°C; P = 0.01). When only the healthy hand was crossed over the midline, it became cooler (by 0.3 ± 0.3°C; P = 0.01). The temperature change of either hand was positively related to its distance from the body midline (pooled data: r = 0.76, P < 0.001). Crossing the affected hand over the body midline had small but significant effects on both spontaneous pain (which was reduced) and the sense of ownership over the hand (which was increased) (P < 0.04 for both). We conclude that impaired spatial perception modulated temperature of the limbs, tactile processing, spontaneous pain and the sense of ownership over the hands. These results show that complex regional pain syndrome involves more complex neurological dysfunction than has previously been considered.

  14. Conversion of wastelands into state ownership for the needs of high-rise construction

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ganebnykh, Elena

    2018-03-01

    High-rise construction in big cities faces the problem of land shortage in downtown areas. Audit of economic complexes showed a large volume of wastelands. The conversion of wastelands into state and municipal ownership helps in part to solve the problem of the lack of space for high-rise construction in the urban area in the format of infill construction. The article investigates the problem of the conversion of wastelands into state and municipal ownership. The research revealed no clear algorithm for converting wastelands into state and municipal ownership. To form a unified system for identifying such plots, a universal algorithm was developed to identify and convert ownerless immovable property into state or municipal ownership.

  15. Self-defense: Deflecting Deflationary and Eliminativist Critiques of the Sense of Ownership.

    PubMed

    Gallagher, Shaun

    2017-01-01

    I defend a phenomenological account of the sense of ownership as part of a minimal sense of self from those critics who propose either a deflationary or eliminativist critique. Specifically, I block the deflationary critique by showing that in fact the phenomenological account is itself a deflationary account insofar as it takes the sense of ownership to be implicit or intrinsic to experience and bodily action. I address the eliminativist view by considering empirical evidence that supports the concept of pre-reflective self-awareness, which underpins the sense of ownership. Finally, I respond to claims that phenomenology does not offer a positive account of the sense of ownership by showing the role it plays in an enactivist (action-oriented) view of embodied cognition.

  16. 7 CFR 761.8 - Loan Limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... indebtedness. (1) Farm Ownership, Downpayment loans, Conservation loans, and Soil and Water loans: (i) Direct... Ownership loan, direct Conservation loan, direct Soil and Water loan, guaranteed Farm Ownership loan, guaranteed Conservation loan, and guaranteed Soil and Water loan-$700,000 (for fiscal year 2000 and increased...

  17. 47 CFR 76.501 - Cross-ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... vertical ownership chain and application of the relevant attribution benchmark to the resulting product, except that wherever the ownership percentage for any link in the chain exceeds 50%, it shall not be... (i); or (ii) the interest holder supplies over fifteen percent of the total weekly broadcast...

  18. 7 CFR 3565.355 - Changes in ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Changes in ownership. 3565.355 Section 3565.355 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.355 Changes in ownership. Any...

  19. Pet Ownership: A Research Note.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lawton, M. Powell; And Others

    1984-01-01

    Data from a 1968 national sample of older people (N=3,996) indicated that pet ownership was more frequent in owner-occupied residences in smaller communities where other family, including children were present. No association was found between pet ownership and psychological well-being or health. (Author)

  20. 47 CFR 76.501 - Cross-ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... vertical ownership chain and application of the relevant attribution benchmark to the resulting product, except that wherever the ownership percentage for any link in the chain exceeds 50%, it shall not be...); or (ii) the interest holder supplies over fifteen percent of the total weekly broadcast programming...

  1. 7 CFR 3565.355 - Changes in ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Changes in ownership. 3565.355 Section 3565.355 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.355 Changes in ownership. Any...

  2. 7 CFR 3565.355 - Changes in ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Changes in ownership. 3565.355 Section 3565.355 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.355 Changes in ownership. Any...

  3. 7 CFR 3565.355 - Changes in ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Changes in ownership. 3565.355 Section 3565.355 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.355 Changes in ownership. Any...

  4. 7 CFR 3565.355 - Changes in ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Changes in ownership. 3565.355 Section 3565.355 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Project Management § 3565.355 Changes in ownership. Any...

  5. A neural model of figure-ground organization.

    PubMed

    Craft, Edward; Schütze, Hartmut; Niebur, Ernst; von der Heydt, Rüdiger

    2007-06-01

    Psychophysical studies suggest that figure-ground organization is a largely autonomous process that guides--and thus precedes--allocation of attention and object recognition. The discovery of border-ownership representation in single neurons of early visual cortex has confirmed this view. Recent theoretical studies have demonstrated that border-ownership assignment can be modeled as a process of self-organization by lateral interactions within V2 cortex. However, the mechanism proposed relies on propagation of signals through horizontal fibers, which would result in increasing delays of the border-ownership signal with increasing size of the visual stimulus, in contradiction with experimental findings. It also remains unclear how the resulting border-ownership representation would interact with attention mechanisms to guide further processing. Here we present a model of border-ownership coding based on dedicated neural circuits for contour grouping that produce border-ownership assignment and also provide handles for mechanisms of selective attention. The results are consistent with neurophysiological and psychophysical findings. The model makes predictions about the hypothetical grouping circuits and the role of feedback between cortical areas.

  6. Pet Ownership among Homeless Youth: Associations with Mental Health, Service Utilization and Housing Status

    PubMed Central

    Rhoades, Harmony; Winetrobe, Hailey; Rice, Eric

    2014-01-01

    As many as 25% of homeless persons have pets. To our knowledge, pet ownership has not been studied quantitatively with homeless youth. This study examined pet ownership among 398 homeless youth utilizing two Los Angeles drop-in centers. Twenty-three percent of homeless youth had a pet. The majority of pet owners reported that their pets kept them company and made them feel loved; nearly half reported that their pets made it more difficult to stay in a shelter. Pet owners reported fewer symptoms of depression and loneliness than their non-pet owning peers. Pet ownership was associated with decreased utilization of housing and job-finding services, and decreased likelihood of currently staying in a shelter. These findings elucidate many of the positive benefits of pet ownership for homeless youth, but importantly highlight that pet ownership may negatively impact housing options. Housing and other services must be sensitive to the needs of homeless youth with pets. PMID:24728815

  7. Pet ownership among homeless youth: associations with mental health, service utilization and housing status.

    PubMed

    Rhoades, Harmony; Winetrobe, Hailey; Rice, Eric

    2015-04-01

    As many as 25 % of homeless persons have pets. To our knowledge, pet ownership has not been studied quantitatively with homeless youth. This study examined pet ownership among 398 homeless youth utilizing two Los Angeles drop-in centers. Twenty-three percent of homeless youth had a pet. The majority of pet owners reported that their pets kept them company and made them feel loved; nearly half reported that their pets made it more difficult to stay in a shelter. Pet owners reported fewer symptoms of depression and loneliness than their non-pet owning peers. Pet ownership was associated with decreased utilization of housing and job-finding services, and decreased likelihood of currently staying in a shelter. These findings elucidate many of the positive benefits of pet ownership for homeless youth, but importantly highlight that pet ownership may negatively impact housing options. Housing and other services must be sensitive to the needs of homeless youth with pets.

  8. Physicians' working conditions and job satisfaction: does hospital ownership in Germany make a difference?

    PubMed

    Mache, Stefanie; Vitzthum, Karin; Nienhaus, Albert; Klapp, Burghard F; Groneberg, David A

    2009-08-13

    A growing number of German hospitals have been privatized with the intention of increasing cost effectiveness and improving the quality of health care. Numerous studies investigated what possible qualitative and economic consequences these changes issues might have on patient care.However, little is known about how this privatization trend relates to physicians' working conditions and job satisfaction. It was anticipated that different working conditions would be associated with different types of hospital ownership. To that end, this study's purpose is to compare how physicians, working for both public and privatized hospitals, rate their respective psychosocial working conditions and job satisfaction. The study was designed as a cross-sectional comparison using questionnaire data from 203 physicians working at German hospitals of different ownership types (private for-profit, public and private nonprofit). The present study shows that several aspects of physicians' perceived working conditions differ significantly depending on hospital ownership. However, results also indicated that physicians' job satisfaction does not vary between different types of hospital ownership. Finally, it was demonstrated that job demands and resources are associated with job satisfaction, while type of ownership is not. This study represents one of a few studies that investigate the effect of hospital ownership on physicians work situation and demonstrated that the type of ownership is a potential factor accounting for differences in working conditions. The findings provide an informative basis to find solutions improving physicians' work at German hospitals.

  9. 75 FR 11207 - Policy Statement on Obtaining and Retaining Beneficial Ownership Information for Anti-Money...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-10

    ... Retaining Beneficial Ownership Information for Anti-Money Laundering Purposes AGENCY: Securities and...-money laundering purposes. DATES: Effective Date: March 5, 2010. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT... retaining beneficial ownership information for anti-money laundering purposes. This guidance is being issued...

  10. 26 CFR 1.752-4 - Special rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... there is the highest percentage of related ownership. If two or more partners have the same percentage of related ownership and no other partner has a greater percentage, the liability is allocated equally among the partners having the equal percentages of related ownership. (ii) Natural persons. For...

  11. Children's Understanding of Ownership Transfers

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Blake, Peter R.; Harris, Paul L.

    2009-01-01

    An understanding of ownership entails the recognition that ownership can be transferred permanently and the ability to differentiate legitimate from illegitimate transfers. Two experiments explored the development of this understanding in 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year olds, using stories about gift-giving and stealing. The possibility that children use…

  12. 42 CFR 9.5 - Chimpanzee ownership, fees, and studies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Chimpanzee ownership, fees, and studies. 9.5... PROVISIONS STANDARDS OF CARE FOR CHIMPANZEES HELD IN THE FEDERALLY SUPPORTED SANCTUARY SYSTEM § 9.5 Chimpanzee ownership, fees, and studies. (a) Who owns the chimpanzees in the federally supported sanctuary...

  13. 42 CFR 9.5 - Chimpanzee ownership, fees, and studies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Chimpanzee ownership, fees, and studies. 9.5... PROVISIONS STANDARDS OF CARE FOR CHIMPANZEES HELD IN THE FEDERALLY SUPPORTED SANCTUARY SYSTEM § 9.5 Chimpanzee ownership, fees, and studies. (a) Who owns the chimpanzees in the federally supported sanctuary...

  14. 42 CFR 9.5 - Chimpanzee ownership, fees, and studies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Chimpanzee ownership, fees, and studies. 9.5... PROVISIONS STANDARDS OF CARE FOR CHIMPANZEES HELD IN THE FEDERALLY SUPPORTED SANCTUARY SYSTEM § 9.5 Chimpanzee ownership, fees, and studies. (a) Who owns the chimpanzees in the federally supported sanctuary...

  15. 7 CFR 761.8 - Loan Limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... indebtedness. (1) Farm Ownership loans, Downpayment loans and Soil and Water loans: (i) Direct—$300,000; (ii... with paragraph (b) of this section); (iii) Any combination of a direct Soil and Water loan, direct Farm Ownership loan, guaranteed Soil and Water loan, and guaranteed Farm Ownership loan—$700,000 (for fiscal year...

  16. Exploring the Self-Ownership Effect: Separating Stimulus and Response Biases

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Golubickis, Marius; Falben, Johanna K.; Cunningham, William A.; Macrae, C. Neil

    2018-01-01

    Although ownership is acknowledged to exert a potent influence on various aspects of information processing, the origin of these effects remains largely unknown. Based on the demonstration that self-relevance facilitates perceptual judgments (i.e., the self-prioritization effect), here we explored the possibility that ownership enhances object…

  17. Collaboration and Psychological Ownership: How Does the Tension between the Two Influence Perceived Learning?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Caspi, Avner; Blau, Ina

    2011-01-01

    Collaborative writing may evoke conflict between individuals' feeling of contribution and their sense of ownership toward the collective outcomes. The present study tested the relations between perceived psychological ownership, perceived quality of the product, and perceived learning in five experimental conditions: two collaborative, two…

  18. Appliance Ownership and Household Work Time.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lovingood, Rebecca P.; McCullough, Jane L.

    1986-01-01

    Data from 2,100 two-parent, two-child households were analyzed to determine the relationships of demographic variables, ownership of 11 appliances, and time spent in four categories of household tasks. Little evidence was found that appliance ownership is related to less time being spent in household tasks. (Author/CT)

  19. 78 FR 38342 - Submission for OMB Review; Notification of Ownership Changes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-26

    ... change, the Government would be unable to ascertain whether contractor assets were properly valuated. The... of Ownership Changes AGENCY: Department of Defense (DOD), General Services Administration (GSA), and... concerning notification of ownership changes. A notice was published in the Federal Register at 77 FR 74663...

  20. Battery Ownership | Transportation Research | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    Ownership Battery Ownership The high cost of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries may be the largest (including fast charging), and vehicle-to-grid revenue generation strategies. Calculating the true cost of Model (BOM) takes the guesswork out of determining EV cost and comparing it to that of conventional

  1. 42 CFR 484.12 - Condition of participation: Compliance with Federal, State, and local laws, disclosure and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... ownership and management information. The HHA must comply with the requirements of Part 420, Subpart C of..., State, and local laws, disclosure and ownership information, and accepted professional standards and... ownership information, and accepted professional standards and principles. (a) Standard: Compliance with...

  2. 7 CFR 3550.58 - Ownership requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE DIRECT SINGLE FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS Section 502 Origination § 3550.58 Ownership... will be required to sign the mortgage. When one or more of the co-owners are not legally competent (and... executing the mortgage. (e) Possessory rights. Acceptable forms of ownership include possessory rights on an...

  3. Change in area and ownership of private timberland in western Oregon between 1961-1962 and 1973-1976.

    Treesearch

    Donald R. Gedney

    1981-01-01

    A reinventory in 1973-76 of permanent inventory plots established in 1961-62 on western Oregon's forest industry and other private timberland provides data by ownership of timberland losses to nonforest land uses and changes in private ownership of timberland between inventories.

  4. 30 CFR 773.9 - Review of applicant, operator, and ownership and control information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... operator's organizational structure and ownership or control relationships. (b) We must conduct the review... and control information. 773.9 Section 773.9 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION....9 Review of applicant, operator, and ownership and control information. (a) We, the regulatory...

  5. 42 CFR 9.5 - Chimpanzee ownership, fees, and studies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Chimpanzee ownership, fees, and studies. 9.5 Section 9.5 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL... Chimpanzee ownership, fees, and studies. (a) Who owns the chimpanzees in the federally supported sanctuary...

  6. 42 CFR 9.5 - Chimpanzee ownership, fees, and studies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Chimpanzee ownership, fees, and studies. 9.5... Chimpanzee ownership, fees, and studies. (a) Who owns the chimpanzees in the federally supported sanctuary... documenting that the chimpanzee may be brought into the sanctuary. (d) What additional conditions apply when...

  7. Linguistic Minorities and the Multilingual Turn: Constructing Language Ownership through Affect in Cultural Production

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McLaughlin, Mireille

    2016-01-01

    The "multilingual turn" brings questions of language ownership to the forefront of debates about linguistic minority governance. Acadian minority cultural producers construct language ownership using multiple languages and targeting multilingual publics, but use ideologies of monolingualism to situate Acadian authenticity in place and…

  8. "Is This Okay?" Developing Student Ownership in Artmaking through Feedback

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Low, Sok Hui

    2015-01-01

    When used effectively, feedback promotes student ownership in artmaking by encouraging students to inject originality, persist, and improve. Feedback from teacher, self, and peers can also provide students with motivation. In this article, the author explores her students' understanding of the idea of ownership, observes how feedback…

  9. 26 CFR 53.4943-8 - Business holdings; constructive ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 17 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Business holdings; constructive ownership. 53... Business Holdings § 53.4943-8 Business holdings; constructive ownership. (a) Constructive ownership—(1) In general. For purposes of section 4943, in computing the holdings in a business enterprise of a private...

  10. 33 CFR 62.54 - Ownership identification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Section 62.54 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION UNITED STATES AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM The U.S. Aids to Navigation System § 62.54 Ownership identification. Ownership identification on private or state aids to navigation is permitted so long as it does...

  11. 33 CFR 62.54 - Ownership identification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Section 62.54 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION UNITED STATES AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM The U.S. Aids to Navigation System § 62.54 Ownership identification. Ownership identification on private or state aids to navigation is permitted so long as it does...

  12. 33 CFR 62.54 - Ownership identification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Section 62.54 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION UNITED STATES AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM The U.S. Aids to Navigation System § 62.54 Ownership identification. Ownership identification on private or state aids to navigation is permitted so long as it does...

  13. 33 CFR 62.54 - Ownership identification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Section 62.54 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION UNITED STATES AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM The U.S. Aids to Navigation System § 62.54 Ownership identification. Ownership identification on private or state aids to navigation is permitted so long as it does...

  14. 7 CFR 3550.58 - Ownership requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... requirements. After the loan is closed, the borrower must have an acceptable interest in the property as evidenced by one of the following. (a) Fee-simple ownership. Acceptable fee-simple ownership is evidenced by a fully marketable title with a deed vesting a fee-simple interest in the property to the borrower...

  15. 26 CFR 1.552-3 - Stock ownership requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... more than 50 percent in value of the outstanding stock of the foreign corporation be owned, directly or... with respect to stock ownership are present at any time during the taxable year. (c) In determining whether the statutory conditions with respect to stock ownership are present at any time during the...

  16. 26 CFR 1.552-3 - Stock ownership requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... more than 50 percent in value of the outstanding stock of the foreign corporation be owned, directly or... with respect to stock ownership are present at any time during the taxable year. (c) In determining whether the statutory conditions with respect to stock ownership are present at any time during the...

  17. 26 CFR 1.552-3 - Stock ownership requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... more than 50 percent in value of the outstanding stock of the foreign corporation be owned, directly or... with respect to stock ownership are present at any time during the taxable year. (c) In determining whether the statutory conditions with respect to stock ownership are present at any time during the...

  18. 33 CFR 62.54 - Ownership identification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Section 62.54 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION UNITED STATES AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM The U.S. Aids to Navigation System § 62.54 Ownership identification. Ownership identification on private or state aids to navigation is permitted so long as it does...

  19. 26 CFR 53.4943-8 - Business holdings; constructive ownership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 17 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Business holdings; constructive ownership. 53... Business Holdings § 53.4943-8 Business holdings; constructive ownership. (a) Constructive ownership—(1) In general. For purposes of section 4943, in computing the holdings in a business enterprise of a private...

  20. 5 CFR 293.506 - Ownership of the Employee Medical Folder.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Ownership of the Employee Medical Folder. 293.506 Section 293.506 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PERSONNEL RECORDS Employee Medical File System Records § 293.506 Ownership of the Employee Medical...

  1. 5 CFR 293.506 - Ownership of the Employee Medical Folder.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Ownership of the Employee Medical Folder. 293.506 Section 293.506 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PERSONNEL RECORDS Employee Medical File System Records § 293.506 Ownership of the Employee Medical...

  2. 5 CFR 293.506 - Ownership of the Employee Medical Folder.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Ownership of the Employee Medical Folder. 293.506 Section 293.506 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PERSONNEL RECORDS Employee Medical File System Records § 293.506 Ownership of the Employee Medical...

  3. 5 CFR 293.506 - Ownership of the Employee Medical Folder.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Ownership of the Employee Medical Folder. 293.506 Section 293.506 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PERSONNEL RECORDS Employee Medical File System Records § 293.506 Ownership of the Employee Medical...

  4. 5 CFR 293.506 - Ownership of the Employee Medical Folder.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Ownership of the Employee Medical Folder. 293.506 Section 293.506 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PERSONNEL RECORDS Employee Medical File System Records § 293.506 Ownership of the Employee Medical...

  5. Learner Ownership of Technology-Enhanced Learning

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dommett, Eleanor J.

    2018-01-01

    Purpose: This paper aims to examine the different ways in which learners may have ownership over technology-enhanced learning by reflecting on technical, legal and psychological ownership. Design/methodology/approach: The paper uses a variety of examples of technology-enhanced learning ranging from open-source software to cloud storage to discuss…

  6. 36 CFR 222.22 - Ownership claims.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... claiming ownership under State branding and estray laws of branded or unbranded horses or burros within a wild horse or burro territory or range on the National Forest System where such animals are not... gather such animals. Claims of ownership with supporting evidence were required to be filed during a...

  7. Physical Education Students' Ownership, Empowerment, and Satisfaction with PE and Physical Activity

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Moore, E. Whitney G.; Fry, Mary D.

    2017-01-01

    Individuals experiencing a highly caring, task-involving, and low ego-involving exercise climate have reported greater ownership in exercise class and empowerment to exercise in general. Purpose: This study examined the relationship between ownership and empowerment in exercise, with 2 context-specific outcomes, satisfaction with physical…

  8. 7 CFR 1210.601 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... watermelons, including any person who owns or shares the ownership and risk of loss of such watermelon crop. A person who shares the ownership and risk of loss includes a person who: (1) Owns and farms land, resulting in ownership, by said producer, of the watermelons produced thereon; (2) Rents and farms land...

  9. 42 CFR 495.360 - Software and ownership rights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Software and ownership rights. 495.360 Section 495.360 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES... PROGRAM Requirements Specific to the Medicaid Program § 495.360 Software and ownership rights. (a) General...

  10. 42 CFR 1008.37 - Disclosure of ownership and related information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Disclosure of ownership and related information. 1008.37 Section 1008.37 Public Health OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL-HEALTH CARE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... Advisory Opinion § 1008.37 Disclosure of ownership and related information. Each individual or entity...

  11. 42 CFR 1008.37 - Disclosure of ownership and related information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Disclosure of ownership and related information. 1008.37 Section 1008.37 Public Health OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL-HEALTH CARE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... Advisory Opinion § 1008.37 Disclosure of ownership and related information. Each individual or entity...

  12. 42 CFR 1008.37 - Disclosure of ownership and related information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Disclosure of ownership and related information. 1008.37 Section 1008.37 Public Health OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL-HEALTH CARE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... Advisory Opinion § 1008.37 Disclosure of ownership and related information. Each individual or entity...

  13. 42 CFR 1008.37 - Disclosure of ownership and related information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Disclosure of ownership and related information. 1008.37 Section 1008.37 Public Health OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL-HEALTH CARE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... Advisory Opinion § 1008.37 Disclosure of ownership and related information. Each individual or entity...

  14. 47 CFR 1.919 - Ownership information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... licensee of one channel block in a cellular geographic service area (CGSA) must report current ownership... other channel block in an overlapping CGSA, if the overlap is located in whole or in part in a Rural... vertical ownership chain and application of the relevant attribution benchmark to the resulting product...

  15. 47 CFR 1.919 - Ownership information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... channel block in a cellular geographic service area (CGSA) must report current ownership information if... block in an overlapping CGSA, if the overlap is located in whole or in part in a Rural Service Area (RSA... vertical ownership chain and application of the relevant attribution benchmark to the resulting product...

  16. 47 CFR 1.919 - Ownership information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... licensee of one channel block in a cellular geographic service area (CGSA) must report current ownership... other channel block in an overlapping CGSA, if the overlap is located in whole or in part in a Rural... vertical ownership chain and application of the relevant attribution benchmark to the resulting product...

  17. 26 CFR 1.883-4 - Qualified shareholder stock ownership test.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... proportionate interest rules of this paragraph (c) shall apply successively upward through a chain of ownership... (including mere legal owners or recordholders acting as nominees), each intermediary in the chain of... chain of ownership through which the individual owns stock in the corporation seeking qualified foreign...

  18. 47 CFR 1.919 - Ownership information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... channel block in a cellular geographic service area (CGSA) must report current ownership information if... block in an overlapping CGSA, if the overlap is located in whole or in part in a Rural Service Area (RSA... vertical ownership chain and application of the relevant attribution benchmark to the resulting product...

  19. 47 CFR 1.919 - Ownership information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... licensee of one channel block in a cellular geographic service area (CGSA) must report current ownership... other channel block in an overlapping CGSA, if the overlap is located in whole or in part in a Rural... vertical ownership chain and application of the relevant attribution benchmark to the resulting product...

  20. 13 CFR 120.475 - Change of ownership or control.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Change of ownership or control. 120.475 Section 120.475 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Lenders Small Business Lending Companies (sblc) § 120.475 Change of ownership or control. (a) Any change...

  1. 13 CFR 120.475 - Change of ownership or control.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Change of ownership or control. 120.475 Section 120.475 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Lenders Small Business Lending Companies (sblc) § 120.475 Change of ownership or control. (a) Any change...

  2. 13 CFR 120.475 - Change of ownership or control.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Change of ownership or control. 120.475 Section 120.475 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Lenders Small Business Lending Companies (sblc) § 120.475 Change of ownership or control. (a) Any change...

  3. The effect of labour on ownership decisions in two cultures: developmental evidence from Japan and the United Kingdom.

    PubMed

    Kanngiesser, Patricia; Itakura, Shoji; Hood, Bruce M

    2014-09-01

    Creative labour has an effect on children's and adults' ownership decisions in Western cultures. We investigated whether preschoolers and adults from an Eastern culture (Japan) would show a similar bias. In a first-party task (Experiment 1), in which participants created their own objects, Japanese preschoolers but not adults assigned ownership to creators. When participants watched videos of third-party conflicts between owners of materials and creators (Experiment 2), Japanese adults, but not preschoolers, transferred ownership to creators. In a British comparison group, both preschoolers and adults showed an effect of creative labour in the third-party task. A bias to attribute ownership on the basis of creative labour is thus not specific to Western culture. © 2014 The British Psychological Society.

  4. Pet Ownership and Cancer Risk in the Women's Health Initiative.

    PubMed

    Garcia, David O; Lander, Eric M; Wertheim, Betsy C; Manson, JoAnn E; Volpe, Stella L; Chlebowski, Rowan T; Stefanick, Marcia L; Lessin, Lawrence S; Kuller, Lewis H; Thomson, Cynthia A

    2016-09-01

    Pet ownership and cancer are both highly prevalent in the United States. Evidence suggests that associations may exist between this potentially modifiable factor and cancer prevention, though studies are sparse. The present report examined whether pet ownership (dog, cat, or bird) is associated with lower risk for total cancer and site-specific obesity-related cancers. This was a prospective analysis of 123,560 participants (20,981 dog owners; 19,288 cat owners; 1,338 bird owners; and 81,953 non-pet owners) enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative observational study and clinical trials. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HR and 95% confidence intervals for the association between pet ownership and cancer, adjusted for potential confounders. There were no significant relationships between ownership of a dog, cat, or bird and incidence of cancer overall. When site-specific cancers were examined, no associations were observed after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Pet ownership had no association with overall cancer incidence. This is the first large epidemiologic study to date to explore relationships between pet ownership and cancer risk, as well as associated risks for individual cancer types. This study requires replication in other sizable, diverse cohorts. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(9); 1311-6. ©2016 AACR. ©2016 American Association for Cancer Research.

  5. Pet Ownership and Cancer Risk in the Women’s Health Initiative

    PubMed Central

    Garcia, David O.; Lander, Eric M.; Wertheim, Betsy C.; Manson, JoAnn E.; Volpe, Stella L.; Chlebowski, Rowan T.; Stefanick, Marcia L.; Lessin, Lawrence S.; Kuller, Lewis H.; Thomson, Cynthia A.

    2016-01-01

    Background Pet ownership and cancer are both highly prevalent in the U.S. Evidence suggest associations may exist between this potentially modifiable factor and cancer prevention, though studies are sparse. The present report examined whether pet ownership (dog, cat, or bird) is associated with lower risk for total cancer and site-specific obesity-related cancers. Methods A prospective analysis of 123,560 participants (20,981 dog owners; 19,288 cat owners; 1,338 bird owners; and 81,953 non-pet owners) enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) observational study and clinical trials. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between pet ownership and cancer, adjusted for potential confounders. Results There were no significant relationships between ownership of a dog, cat, or bird and incidence of cancer overall. When site-specific cancers were examined, no associations were observed after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Conclusion Pet ownership had no association with overall cancer incidence. Impact This is the first large epidemiological study to date to explore relationships between pet ownership and cancer risk, as well as associated risks for individual cancer types. This study requires replication in other sizable, diverse cohorts. PMID:27365150

  6. The effects of ownership and ownership change on nursing home industry costs.

    PubMed

    Holmes, J S

    1996-08-01

    This study examines the effects of ownership type and ownership change on nursing home cost structures, differentiating patient care costs from plant costs. Administrative data from the Michigan Department of Social Services, Medical Services Administration (Medicaid), and the Michigan Department of Public Health are used. Cost data are based on audited cost reports for 393 nursing care facilities in Michigan in 1989. Other facility characteristics are based on data from the 1989 annual licensing and certification survey conducted by the Michigan Department of Public Health. A series of ordinary least squares regressions is estimated, in which the dependent variable is either per diem patient costs or per diem plant costs. Ownership types are defined as chain, proprietary non-chain, freestanding non-profit, government-owned, and hospital-based facilities. Pooled estimation techniques, as well as separate regressions by ownership type, are presented to test for interaction effects. Key variables include whether a facility changed ownership in the preceding five years and whether chain facilities are in-state- or out-of-state-owned, in addition to size, payer mix, and case mix. Behavioral differences among nursing home ownership types in respect to patient care costs tended to distinguish government-owned and hospital-based facilities from the freestanding homes rather than the usual distinction between for-profit and not-for-profit classes. Variables traditionally included in nursing home cost studies, such as size, occupancy, payer mix and case mix, were found to have similar effects on per diem patient care costs for freestanding non-profit homes as well as for chain proprietary facilities. With regard to the effects of ownership change on per diem plant and per diem patient costs, however, there are few differences among ownership types. Chain and non-chain for-profit facilities, non-profit homes, and hospital long-term care units that had changed ownership reported significantly higher per diem plant costs than facilities without a change of ownership, but did not spend more on patient-related costs. Michigan Medicaid plant reimbursement system policy changes instituted in 1985 to promote continued ownership of facilities were not entirely successful. Non-profit homes look increasingly like their for-profit counterparts with respect to spending on patient care costs. Increased competition for the more lucrative private-pay patients, coupled with declining state Medicaid reimbursement to nursing homes, may have blurred the historical distinctions between the non-profit and for-profit sectors in the nursing home industry. An exception to increasing homogeneity within the nursing home industry is the tendency of proprietary homes to experience more frequent changes of ownership, which results in higher capital costs passed on to state Medicaid programs. Findings from this study indicate that while facility sales increase per diem plant costs, they do not result in increased spending for direct patient care, suggesting that state Medicaid programs may be indirectly subsidizing facility sales with no accompanying increase in expenditures for patient care. To discourage frequent facility sales, state Medicaid programs may need to consider alternative methods of reimbursing nursing home owners for capital costs.

  7. The new math of ownership.

    PubMed

    Gross, B

    1998-01-01

    In 1994, when the software maker Knowledge Adventure decided to spin out a new venture--Worlds, Incorporated--founder Bill Gross expected the worst. He had argued with the board that it was in KA's best interests to maintain a controlling ownership stake in Worlds, whose powerful new software technology had enormous revenue potential. But the board prevailed, and KA took only a 20% ownership in the new company, giving the rest to Worlds' employees. Within a year, the company's performance had surpassed all expectations, and instead of owning 80% of a $5 million business, KA owned 20% of a $77 million business. The arithmetic may have been counterintuitive, but the lesson was clear. When KA let go of Worlds and gave its employees near total ownership, the company unleashed a new level of employee performance. That, in turn, led to the creation of economic value that more than made up for the equity KA had surrendered. So compelling was this "new math of ownership" that Gross founded a new company, Idealab, on this principle. The company, which develops ideas for Internet-based businesses and seeds the most promising ones, takes no more than a 49% equity stake in the new ventures and gives at least 1% of ownership to each employee. For Gross, this radical approach to ownership is the key to inspiring stellar performances. In part, employee-owners are motivated by their potential to earn great financial reward. But the drama of ownership, he argues, is even more important. In that drama, employees become personally involved in the struggle to outdo the competition and emerge victorious.

  8. Increasing Student Ownership and Responsibility through the Collaborative Assessment Process.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Branch, Myra; Grafelman, Brenda; Hurelbrink, Kurt

    This report describes a program for increasing student ownership and responsibility to bring about quality work. The students were actively involved in the collaborative assessment process. The targeted population consisted of first and second grade students in a middle class community in Central Illinois. An increased sense of ownership,…

  9. Pedometer Ownership, Motivation, and Walking: Do People Walk the Talk?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Berry, Tanya R.; Fraser, Shawn N.; Spence, John C.; Bengoechea, Enrique Garcia

    2007-01-01

    The purpose of this research was to examine whether pedometer ownership and source of pedometer (i.e., self-purchased, a gift, a promotion) was related to physical activity self-efficacy and outcome expectations in relation to physical activity. Further, the authors examined whether there was a relationship between pedometer ownership and…

  10. 12 CFR 366.6 - How is my ownership or control determined?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false How is my ownership or control determined? 366.6 Section 366.6 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS... ownership or control depends on the specific facts of your situation and the particular industry and legal...

  11. 7 CFR 1245.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... representative period and who: (1) Owns or shares in the ownership of honey bee colonies or beekeeping equipment resulting in the ownership of the U.S. honey produced; (2) Rents honey bee colonies or beekeeping equipment resulting in the ownership of all or a portion of the U.S. honey produced; (3) Owns honey bee colonies or...

  12. Forest-land owners of Maine, 1982

    Treesearch

    Thomas W. Birch

    1986-01-01

    Information about the attitudes and objectives of the private forest-land owners is essential to understanding Maine's forest resources. Ninety-six percent of Maine's 17 million acres of timberland is in 180,900 private ownerships. Ninety-two percent of these ownerships are individual and joint ownerships. A majority, 66 percent of the owners, live within a...

  13. 49 CFR 580.5 - Disclosure of odometer information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... section at the time of transfer of ownership. (c) In connection with the transfer of ownership of a motor... connection with the transfer of ownership of a motor vehicle in which more than one person is a transferor... transferor's name and current address; (4) The transferee's name and current address; and (5) The identity of...

  14. Gun Control, Gun Ownership, and Suicide Prevention.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lester, David

    1988-01-01

    Explored relationship between the extent of gun ownership and the strictness of gun control laws to suicide and homicide rates in the nine major geographic regions of the United States. Found gun ownership, rather than the strictness of gun control laws, was the strongest correlate of the rates of suicide and homicide by guns. (Author)

  15. 13 CFR 107.410 - Changes in Control of Licensee (through change in ownership or otherwise).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Changes in Control of Licensee (through change in ownership or otherwise). 107.410 Section 107.410 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANIES Changes in Ownership, Control, or Structure of...

  16. Life Ownership Orientation and Attitudes toward Abortion, Suicide, Doctor-Assisted Suicide, and Capital Punishment.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ross, Lisa Thomson; Kaplan, Kalman J.

    1994-01-01

    Examined life ownership orientation (extent to which one believes that God, individual, or society has power over one's life) among 117 college students who completed Life Ownership Orientation Questionnaire (LOOQ). Found LOOQ scores demonstrated higher predictive validity with regard to attitudes toward abortion, suicide, doctor-assisted suicide,…

  17. Types of Timberland Ownership

    Treesearch

    William C. Siegel

    1999-01-01

    The form of ownership in which you hold your woodland is important from a tax standpoint. Further, if your forest property is structured as a business, the type of business organization chosen also has significant tax implications. Additionally, non-tax factors bear on choosing an ownership and/or business format. These include forest management goals, size of the...

  18. 27 CFR 1.42 - Change in ownership, management, or control of business.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... reference to the personal or business history of such persons as the appropriate TTB officer may require. ..., management, or control of business. 1.42 Section 1.42 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND... ownership, management, or control of business. In the event of any change in the ownership, management, or...

  19. 39 CFR 501.4 - Changes in ownership or control, bankruptcy, or insolvency.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... MANUFACTURE AND DISTRIBUTE POSTAGE EVIDENCING SYSTEMS § 501.4 Changes in ownership or control, bankruptcy, or... in the ownership of an affiliate which exercises control over its Postage Evidencing System... related to the security of the system or is a competitor to the Postal Service. Any person or entity...

  20. "You Fail": Plagiarism, the Ownership of Writing, and Transnational Conflicts

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lyon, Arabella

    2009-01-01

    Responding to cultural concerns about the ownership of writing and the nature of plagiarism, this article examines discourses about plagiarism by ESL students and argues for a plurality of approaches to understanding the ownership of language and textual appropriation. First, it uses speech act theory to explain the dynamics of plagiarism; second,…

  1. 12 CFR 7.1000 - National bank ownership of property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false National bank ownership of property. 7.1000 Section 7.1000 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BANK ACTIVITIES AND OPERATIONS Bank Powers § 7.1000 National bank ownership of property. (a) Investment in real estate...

  2. Natural regeneration - small ownerships from concept to practice

    Treesearch

    Arthur G., Jr. Dodge

    1977-01-01

    Established concepts of successful natural regeneration are not necessarily practiced on small ownerships of ten to 500 acres. Unevenage management will be the primary management system on small ownerships and natural regeneration is the most practical method of providing for continuous forest production. We can obtain satisfactory natural regeneration by good planning...

  3. 13 CFR 107.420 - Prohibition on exercise of ownership or Control rights in Licensee before SBA approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANIES Changes in Ownership, Control... other Person acting on your behalf shall: (a) Register on your books any transfer of ownership interest... exercising control over your books, records, funds or other assets; participating directly or indirectly in...

  4. Twenty-One Reasons to Care about the Psychological Basis of Ownership

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Friedman, Ori; Ross, Hildy

    2011-01-01

    Within psychology, most aspects of ownership have received scant attention or have been overlooked completely. In this chapter, the authors outline 21 reasons why it will be important (and interesting) to understand the psychological basis of ownership of property, including its developmental origins: (1) Daily life; (2) A human universal, and…

  5. Fostering Spaces of Student Ownership in Middle School Science

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    O'Neill, Tara B.

    2010-01-01

    A critical challenge in urban science education is determining how to provide empowering science learning experiences for all students. In an effort to address the achievement gap in science education, I have focused on the concept of ownership, specifically when and how students gain ownership in science learning. This paper presents a teacher…

  6. 36 CFR 72.36 - Land ownership, control and conversion.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Land ownership, control and..., Rehabilitation and Innovation § 72.36 Land ownership, control and conversion. Section 1010 of the Act provides...-grantee must demonstrate, at the time of grant approval, that it has adequate tenure and control of the...

  7. 36 CFR 72.36 - Land ownership, control and conversion.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Land ownership, control and..., Rehabilitation and Innovation § 72.36 Land ownership, control and conversion. Section 1010 of the Act provides...-grantee must demonstrate, at the time of grant approval, that it has adequate tenure and control of the...

  8. 36 CFR 72.36 - Land ownership, control and conversion.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Land ownership, control and..., Rehabilitation and Innovation § 72.36 Land ownership, control and conversion. Section 1010 of the Act provides...-grantee must demonstrate, at the time of grant approval, that it has adequate tenure and control of the...

  9. 36 CFR 72.36 - Land ownership, control and conversion.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Land ownership, control and..., Rehabilitation and Innovation § 72.36 Land ownership, control and conversion. Section 1010 of the Act provides...-grantee must demonstrate, at the time of grant approval, that it has adequate tenure and control of the...

  10. 36 CFR 72.36 - Land ownership, control and conversion.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Land ownership, control and..., Rehabilitation and Innovation § 72.36 Land ownership, control and conversion. Section 1010 of the Act provides...-grantee must demonstrate, at the time of grant approval, that it has adequate tenure and control of the...

  11. 50 CFR 29.31 - Mineral ownerships in the United States.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 8 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Mineral ownerships in the United States... INTERIOR (CONTINUED) THE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM LAND USE MANAGEMENT Mineral Operations § 29.31 Mineral ownerships in the United States. Where mineral rights to lands in wildlife refuge areas are vested...

  12. 50 CFR 29.31 - Mineral ownerships in the United States.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Mineral ownerships in the United States... INTERIOR (CONTINUED) THE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM LAND USE MANAGEMENT Mineral Operations § 29.31 Mineral ownerships in the United States. Where mineral rights to lands in wildlife refuge areas are vested...

  13. 50 CFR 29.31 - Mineral ownerships in the United States.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Mineral ownerships in the United States... INTERIOR (CONTINUED) THE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM LAND USE MANAGEMENT Mineral Operations § 29.31 Mineral ownerships in the United States. Where mineral rights to lands in wildlife refuge areas are vested...

  14. 50 CFR 29.31 - Mineral ownerships in the United States.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Mineral ownerships in the United States... INTERIOR (CONTINUED) THE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM LAND USE MANAGEMENT Mineral Operations § 29.31 Mineral ownerships in the United States. Where mineral rights to lands in wildlife refuge areas are vested...

  15. 50 CFR 29.31 - Mineral ownerships in the United States.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Mineral ownerships in the United States... INTERIOR (CONTINUED) THE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM LAND USE MANAGEMENT Mineral Operations § 29.31 Mineral ownerships in the United States. Where mineral rights to lands in wildlife refuge areas are vested...

  16. Copyright Ownership of E-Learning and Teaching Materials: Policy Approaches Taken by UK Universities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gadd, Elizabeth; Weedon, Ralph

    2017-01-01

    Investigates whether and how UK university copyright policies address key copyright ownership issues relating to printed and electronic teaching materials. A content analysis of 81 UK university copyright policies is performed to understand their approach towards copyright ownership of printed and e-learning materials and performances; rights on…

  17. 75 FR 56858 - Exclusions From Gross Income of Foreign Corporations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-17

    ..., the foreign corporation cannot rely on bearer shares issued at any level in the ownership chain to... in the chain of ownership may not be relied on for purposes of satisfying a stock ownership test... block of stock to preclude nonqualified shareholders in the closely-held block of stock from owning 50...

  18. Laterality and body ownership: Effect of handedness on experience of the rubber hand illusion.

    PubMed

    Smit, M; Kooistra, D I; van der Ham, I J M; Dijkerman, H C

    2017-11-01

    Body ownership has mainly been linked to the right hemisphere and larger interhemispheric connectivity has been shown to be associated with greater right hemispheric activation. Mixed-handed participants tend to have more interhemispheric connectivity compared to extreme handed participants. The aim of this study was to examine whether feelings of ownership as assessed with the rubber hand illusion (RHI) are differentiated by handedness and differed between the left and right hand. Sinistrals-, dextrals-, and mixed-handed individuals (n = 63) were subjected to the RHI. Stroking was synchronously and asynchronously performed on both the participant's hand and a rubber hand. Outcome measures were an embodiment questionnaire and proprioceptive drift. In contrast to our hypotheses we show a similar experience of ownership for all groups, which may indicate no hemispheric specialization for the illusion. In addition, plasticity of ownership and body ownership are similar for the left hand and right hand in all participants, which suggests similar representations for both hands in the brain. This might be useful to maintain a coherent sense of the body in space.

  19. mHealth and memory aids: levels of smartphone ownership in patients.

    PubMed

    Migo, Ellen M; Haynes, Becky I; Harris, Lara; Friedner, Kim; Humphreys, Kate; Kopelman, Michael D

    2015-01-01

    The use of mobile devices to deliver healthcare has not yet been exploited in neuropsychological rehabilitation. Smartphones have the potential to serve as multi-functional memory aids. To investigate whether patients attending a clinic for mixed memory problems own smartphones, to determine whether this could be a widely applicable medium to use as a memory aids device. A questionnaire on smartphone ownership was given to an opportunity sample of consecutive patients attending a neuropsychiatry and memory disorders outpatient clinic. Data were collected in 2012 and repeated 12 months later in 2013 to assess changes over time. Ownership of mobile phones was stable between 2012 (81%) and 2013 (85%), but ownership of smartphones showed a significant increase (from 26% to 40%). Age negatively predicted smartphone ownership. Despite cognitive or psychiatric problems, our patient group are as likely to own a mobile phone as a member of the general population. Ownership levels are at 40% and likely to increase in the future. Exploring how smartphones and their apps could function as memory aids is likely to be useful for a large enough number of patients to be clinically worthwhile.

  20. Exploring the effects of ownership and choice on self-memory biases.

    PubMed

    Cunningham, Sheila J; Brady-Van den Bos, Mirjam; Turk, David J

    2011-07-01

    Objects encoded in the context of temporary ownership by self enjoy a memorial advantage over objects owned by other people. This memory effect has been linked to self-referential encoding processes. The current inquiry explored the extent to which the effects of ownership are influenced by the degree of personal choice involved in assigning ownership. In three experiments pairs of participants chose objects to keep for ownership by self, and rejected objects that were given to the other participant to own. Recognition memory for the objects was then assessed. Experiment 1 showed that participants recognised more items encoded as "self-owned" than "other-owned", but only when they had been chosen by self. Experiment 2 replicated this pattern when participants' sense of choice was illusory. A source memory test in Experiment 3 showed that self-chosen items were most likely to be correctly attributed to ownership by self. These findings are discussed with reference to the link between owned objects and the self, and the routes through which self-referential operations can impact on cognition.

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