Structural Truss Elements and Forces

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Troyer, Steve; Griffis, Kurt; Shackelford, Ray

2005-01-01

In the field of construction, most structures are supported by several groups of truss systems working together synergistically. A "truss" is a group of centered and balanced elements combined to carry a common load (Warner, 2003). Trusses provide strength against loads and forces within a structure. Though a complex field of study, structural…

Structural stiffness, strength and dynamic characteristics of large tetrahedral space truss structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mikulas, M. M., Jr.; Bush, H. G.; Card, M. F.

1977-01-01

Physical characteristics of large skeletal frameworks for space applications are investigated by analyzing one concept: the tetrahedral truss, which is idealized as a sandwich plate with isotropic faces. Appropriate analytical relations are presented in terms of the truss column element properties which for calculations were taken as slender graphite/epoxy tubes. Column loads, resulting from gravity gradient control and orbital transfer, are found to be small for the class structure investigated. Fundamental frequencies of large truss structures are shown to be an order of magnitude lower than large earth based structures. Permissible loads are shown to result in small lateral deflections of the truss due to low-strain at Euler buckling of the slender graphite/epoxy truss column elements. Lateral thermal deflections are found to be a fraction of the truss depth using graphite/epoxy columns.

Space Fabrication Demonstration System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

The completion of assembly of the beam builder and its first automatic production of truss is discussed. A four bay, hand assembled, roll formed members truss was built and tested to ultimate load. Detail design of the fabrication facility (beam builder) was completed and designs for subsystem debugging are discussed. Many one bay truss specimens were produced to demonstrate subsystem operation and to detect problem areas.

Analytical and Photogrammetric Characterization of a Planar Tetrahedral Truss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wu, K. Chauncey; Adams, Richard R.; Rhodes, Marvin D.

1990-01-01

Future space science missions are likely to require near-optical quality reflectors which are supported by a stiff truss structure. This support truss should conform closely with its intended shape to minimize its contribution to the overall surface error of the reflector. The current investigation was conducted to evaluate the planar surface accuracy of a regular tetrahedral truss structure by comparing the results of predicted and measured node locations. The truss is a 2-ring hexagonal structure composed of 102 equal-length truss members. Each truss member is nominally 2 meters in length between node centers and is comprised of a graphite/epoxy tube with aluminum nodes and joints. The axial stiffness and the length variation of the truss components were determined experimentally and incorporated into a static finite element analysis of the truss. From this analysis, the root mean square (RMS) surface error of the truss was predicted to be 0.11 mm (0004 in). Photogrammetry tests were performed on the assembled truss to measure the normal displacements of the upper surface nodes and to determine if the truss would maintain its intended shape when subjected to repeated assembly. Considering the variation in the truss component lengths, the measures rms error of 0.14 mm (0.006 in) in the assembled truss is relatively small. The test results also indicate that a repeatable truss surface is achievable. Several potential sources of error were identified and discussed.

Structural performance of light-frame roof assemblies. I, Truss assemblies designed for high variability and wood failure

Treesearch

R.W. Wolfe; Monica McCarthy

1989-01-01

The first report of a three-part series that covers results of a full-scale roof assemblies research program. The focus of this report is the structural performance of truss assemblies comprising trusses with abnormally high stiffness variability and critical joint strength. Results discussed include properties of truss members and connections. individual truss...

Analysis and testing of a space crane articulating joint testbed

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sutter, Thomas R.; Wu, K. Chauncey

1992-01-01

The topics are presented in viewgraph form and include: space crane concept with mobile base; mechanical versus structural articulating joint; articulating joint test bed and reference truss; static and dynamic characterization completed for space crane reference truss configuration; improved linear actuators reduce articulating joint test bed backlash; 1-DOF space crane slew maneuver; boom 2 tip transient response finite element dynamic model; boom 2 tip transient response shear-corrected component modes torque driver profile; peak root member force vs. slew time torque driver profile; and open loop control of space crane motion.

Mobile Transporter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

The Space Shuttle Atlantis, STS-110 mission, deployed this railcar, called the Mobile Transporter, and an initial 43-foot section of track, the S0 (S-zero) truss, preparing the International Space Station (ISS) for future spacewalks. The first railroad in space, the Mobile Transporter will allow the Station's robotic arm to travel up and down the finished truss for future assembly and maintenance. The 27,000-pound S0 truss is the first of 9 segments that will make up the Station's external framework that will eventually stretch 356 feet (109 meters), or approximately the length of a football field. The completed truss structure will hold solar arrays and radiators to provide power and cooling for additional international research laboratories from Japan and Europe that will be attached to the Station. The Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis, STS-110 mission, was launched April 8, 2002 and returned to Earth April 19, 2002. STS-110's Extravehicular Activity (EVA) marked the first use of the Station's robotic arm to maneuver spacewalkers around the Station.

Finite element analysis of a deployable space structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hutton, D. V.

1982-01-01

To assess the dynamic characteristics of a deployable space truss, a finite element model of the Scientific Applications Space Platform (SASP) truss has been formulated. The model incorporates all additional degrees of freedom associated with the pin-jointed members. Comparison of results with SPAR models of the truss show that the joints of the deployable truss significantly affect the vibrational modes of the structure only if the truss is relatively short.

Analysis of truss, beam, frame, and membrane components. [composite structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knoell, A. C.; Robinson, E. Y.

1975-01-01

Truss components are considered, taking into account composite truss structures, truss analysis, column members, and truss joints. Beam components are discussed, giving attention to composite beams, laminated beams, and sandwich beams. Composite frame components and composite membrane components are examined. A description is given of examples of flat membrane components and examples of curved membrane elements. It is pointed out that composite structural design and analysis is a highly interactive, iterative procedure which does not lend itself readily to characterization by design or analysis function only.-

The Joint Damping Experiment (JDX)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Folkman, Steven L.; Bingham, Jeff G.; Crookston, Jess R.; Dutson, Joseph D.; Ferney, Brook D.; Ferney, Greg D.; Rowsell, Edwin A.

1997-01-01

The Joint Damping Experiment (JDX), flown on the Shuttle STS-69 Mission, is designed to measure the influence of gravity on the structural damping of a high precision three bay truss. Principal objectives are: (1) Measure vibration damping of a small-scale, pinjointed truss to determine how pin gaps give rise to gravity-dependent damping rates; (2) Evaluate the applicability of ground and low-g aircraft tests for predicting on-orbit behavior; and (3) Evaluate the ability of current nonlinear finite element codes to model the dynamic behavior of the truss. Damping of the truss was inferred from 'Twang' tests that involve plucking the truss structure and recording the decay of the oscillations. Results are summarized as follows. (1) Damping, rates can change by a factor of 3 to 8 through changing the truss orientation; (2) The addition of a few pinned joints to a truss structure can increase the damping by a factor as high as 30; (3) Damping is amplitude dependent; (4) As gravity induced preloads become large (truss long axis perpendicular to gravity vector) the damping is similar to non-pinjointed truss; (5) Impacting in joints drives higher modes in structure; (6) The torsion mode disappears if gravity induced preloads are low.

International Space Station Sports a New Truss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

This close-up view of the International Space Station (ISS), newly equipped with its new 27,000- pound S0 (S-zero) truss, was photographed by an astronaut aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis STS-110 mission following its undocking from the ISS. The STS-110 mission prepared the Station for future spacewalks by installing and outfitting the 43-foot-long S0 truss and preparing the first railroad in space, the Mobile Transporter. The 27,000 pound S0 truss was the first of 9 segments that will make up the Station's external framework that will eventually stretch 356 feet (109 meters), or approximately the length of a football field. This central truss segment also includes a flatcar called the Mobile Transporter and rails that will become the first 'space railroad,' which will allow the Station's robotic arm to travel up and down the finished truss for future assembly and maintenance. The completed truss structure will hold solar arrays and radiators to provide power and cooling for additional international research laboratories from Japan and Europe that will be attached to the Station. STS-110 Extravehicular Activity (EVA) marked the first use of the Station's robotic arm to maneuver spacewalkers around the Station and was the first time all of a shuttle crew's spacewalks were based out of the Station's Quest Airlock. It was also the first Shuttle to use three Block II Main Engines. The Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis STS-110 mission, was launched April 8, 2002 and returned to Earth April 19, 2002.

International Space Station Sports a New Truss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

This close-up view of the International Space Station (ISS), newly equipped with its new 27,000-pound S0 (S-zero) truss, was photographed by an astronaut aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis STS-110 mission following its undocking from the ISS. The STS-110 mission prepared the Station for future spacewalks by installing and outfitting the 43-foot-long S0 truss and preparing the first railroad in space, the Mobile Transporter. The 27,000 pound S0 truss was the first of 9 segments that will make up the Station's external framework that will eventually stretch 356 feet (109 meters), or approximately the length of a football field. This central truss segment also includes a flatcar called the Mobile Transporter and rails that will become the first 'space railroad,' which will allow the Station's robotic arm to travel up and down the finished truss for future assembly and maintenance. The completed truss structure will hold solar arrays and radiators to provide power and cooling for additional international research laboratories from Japan and Europe that will be attached to the Station. STS-110 Extravehicular Activity (EVA) marked the first use of the Station's robotic arm to maneuver spacewalkers around the Station and was the first time all of a Shuttle crew's spacewalks were based out of the Station's Quest Airlock. It was also the first Shuttle to use three Block II Main Engines. The Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis STS-110 mission, was launched April 8, 2002 and returned to Earth April 19, 2002.

Structural Performance of a Hybrid FRP-Aluminum Modular Triangular Truss System Subjected to Various Loading Conditions

PubMed Central

Zhang, Dongdong; Huang, Yaxin; Zhao, Qilin; Li, Fei; Gao, Yifeng

2014-01-01

A novel hybrid FRP-aluminum truss system has been employed in a two-rut modular bridge superstructure composed of twin inverted triangular trusses. The actual flexural behavior of a one-rut truss has been previously investigated under the on-axis loading test; however, the structural performance of the one-rut truss subjected to an off-axis load is still not fully understood. In this paper, a geometrical linear finite element model is introduced and validated by the on-axis loading test; the structural performance of the one-rut truss subjected to off-axis load was numerically obtained; the dissimilarities of the structural performance between the two different loading cases are investigated in detail. The results indicated that (1) the structural behavior of the off-axis load differs from that of the on-axis load, and the off-axis load is the critical loading condition controlling the structural performance of the triangular truss; (2) under the off-axis load, the FRP trussed members and connectors bear certain out-of-plane bending moments and are subjected to a complicated stress state; and (3) the stress state of these members does not match that of the initial design, and optimization for the redesign of these members is needed, especially for the pretightened teeth connectors. PMID:25254254

Multi-Criterion Preliminary Design of a Tetrahedral Truss Platform

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wu, K. Chauncey

1995-01-01

An efficient method is presented for multi-criterion preliminary design and demonstrated for a tetrahedral truss platform. The present method requires minimal analysis effort and permits rapid estimation of optimized truss behavior for preliminary design. A 14-m-diameter, 3-ring truss platform represents a candidate reflector support structure for space-based science spacecraft. The truss members are divided into 9 groups by truss ring and position. Design variables are the cross-sectional area of all members in a group, and are either 1, 3 or 5 times the minimum member area. Non-structural mass represents the node and joint hardware used to assemble the truss structure. Taguchi methods are used to efficiently identify key points in the set of Pareto-optimal truss designs. Key points identified using Taguchi methods are the maximum frequency, minimum mass, and maximum frequency-to-mass ratio truss designs. Low-order polynomial curve fits through these points are used to approximate the behavior of the full set of Pareto-optimal designs. The resulting Pareto-optimal design curve is used to predict frequency and mass for optimized trusses. Performance improvements are plotted in frequency-mass (criterion) space and compared to results for uniform trusses. Application of constraints to frequency and mass and sensitivity to constraint variation are demonstrated.

Space station structures development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Teller, V. B.

1986-01-01

A study of three interrelated tasks focusing on deployable Space Station truss structures is discussed. Task 1, the development of an alternate deployment system for linear truss, resulted in the preliminary design of an in-space reloadable linear motor deployer. Task 2, advanced composites deployable truss development, resulted in the testing and evaluation of composite materials for struts used in a deployable linear truss. Task 3, assembly of structures in space/erectable structures, resulted in the preliminary design of Space Station pressurized module support structures. An independent, redundant support system was developed for the common United States modules.

Improved approximations for control augmented structural synthesis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thomas, H. L.; Schmit, L. A.

1990-01-01

A methodology for control-augmented structural synthesis is presented for structure-control systems which can be modeled as an assemblage of beam, truss, and nonstructural mass elements augmented by a noncollocated direct output feedback control system. Truss areas, beam cross sectional dimensions, nonstructural masses and rotary inertias, and controller position and velocity gains are treated simultaneously as design variables. The structural mass and a control-system performance index can be minimized simultaneously, with design constraints placed on static stresses and displacements, dynamic harmonic displacements and forces, structural frequencies, and closed-loop eigenvalues and damping ratios. Intermediate design-variable and response-quantity concepts are used to generate new approximations for displacements and actuator forces under harmonic dynamic loads and for system complex eigenvalues. This improves the overall efficiency of the procedure by reducing the number of complete analyses required for convergence. Numerical results which illustrate the effectiveness of the method are given.

solveTruss v1.0: Static, global buckling and frequency analysis of 2D and 3D trusses with Mathematica

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ozbasaran, Hakan

Trusses have an important place amongst engineering structures due to many advantages such as high structural efficiency, fast assembly and easy maintenance. Iterative truss design procedures, which require analysis of a large number of candidate structural systems such as size, shape and topology optimization with stochastic methods, mostly lead the engineer to establish a link between the development platform and external structural analysis software. By increasing number of structural analyses, this (probably slow-response) link may climb to the top of the list of performance issues. This paper introduces a software for static, global member buckling and frequency analysis of 2D and 3D trusses to overcome this problem for Mathematica users.

Scientific Toy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

Tensegritoy, inspired by the tensegrity concepts of R. Buckminster Fuller, is an erector set like toy designed to give students an understanding of structural stability. It is used by children, architects, engineers, and teachers. The manufacturer, Tensegrity Systems Corporation, also offers a collapsible point of purchase display which incorporates technology developed for space station trusses described in "NASA Tech Briefs." The tech brief described deployable trusses that can be collapsed into small packages for space shuttle transport, then unfolded in space. As a result, the display occupies a minimum amount of floor space, freight cost savings are substantial and assembly can be completed quickly.

Mechatronic Materials and Systems. Design and Demonstration of High Aughtority Shape Morphing Structures

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-09-01

thermal expansion of these truss elements. One side of the structure is fully clamped, while the other is free to displace. As in prior assessments [6...levels, by using the finite element package ABAQUS . To simulate the complete system, the core and the Kagome face members are modeled using linear...code ABAQUS . To simulate the complete actuation system, the core and Kagome members are modeled using linear Timoshenko-type beams, while the solid

Effects of local vibrations on the dynamics of space truss structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Warnaar, Dirk B.; Mcgowan, Paul E.

1987-01-01

The paper discusses the influence of local member vibrations on the dynamics of repetitive space truss structures. Several focus problems wherein local member vibration modes are in the frequency range of the global truss modes are discussed. Special attention is given to defining methods that can be used to identify the global modes of a truss structure amidst many local modes. Significant interactions between the motions of local member vibrations and the global behavior are shown to occur in truss structures when: (1) the natural frequencies of the individual members for clamped-clamped boundary conditions are in the vicinity of the global truss frequency; and (2) the total mass of the individual members represents a large portion of the mass of the whole structure. The analysis is carried out with a structural analysis code which uses exact member theory. The modeling detail required using conventional finite element codes to adequately represent such a class of problems is examined. The paper concludes with some practical considerations for the design and dynamic testing of structures which might exhibit such behavior.

29 CFR 1926.751 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... process of erection. Steel joist means an open web, secondary load-carrying member of 144 feet (43.9 m) or... structural steel trusses or cold-formed joists. Steel joist girder means an open web, primary load-carrying... structural steel trusses. Steel truss means an open web member designed of structural steel components by the...

29 CFR 1926.751 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... process of erection. Steel joist means an open web, secondary load-carrying member of 144 feet (43.9 m) or... structural steel trusses or cold-formed joists. Steel joist girder means an open web, primary load-carrying... structural steel trusses. Steel truss means an open web member designed of structural steel components by the...

Constraint factor in optimization of truss structures via flower pollination algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bekdaş, Gebrail; Nigdeli, Sinan Melih; Sayin, Baris

2017-07-01

The aim of the paper is to investigate the optimum design of truss structures by considering different stress and displacement constraints. For that reason, the flower pollination algorithm based methodology was applied for sizing optimization of space truss structures. Flower pollination algorithm is a metaheuristic algorithm inspired by the pollination process of flowering plants. By the imitation of cross-pollination and self-pollination processes, the randomly generation of sizes of truss members are done in two ways and these two types of optimization are controlled with a switch probability. In the study, a 72 bar space truss structure was optimized by using five different cases of the constraint limits. According to the results, a linear relationship between the optimum structure weight and constraint limits was observed.

International Space Station Sports a New Truss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

This close-up view of the International Space Station (ISS), newly equipped with its new 27,000-pound S0 (S-zero) truss, was photographed by an astronaut aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis STS-110 during its ISS flyaround mission while pulling away from the ISS. The STS-110 mission prepared the Station for future spacewalks by installing and outfitting the 43-foot-long S0 truss and preparing the first railroad in space, the Mobile Transporter. The 27,000-pound S0 truss was the first of 9 segments that will make up the Station's external framework that will eventually stretch 356 feet (109 meters), or approximately the length of a football field. This central truss segment also includes a flatcar called the Mobile Transporter and rails that will become the first 'space railroad,' which will allow the Station's robotic arm to travel up and down the finished truss for future assembly and maintenance. The completed truss structure will hold solar arrays and radiators to provide power and cooling for additional international research laboratories from Japan and Europe that will be attached to the Station. STS-110 Extravehicular Activity (EVA) marked the first use of the Station's robotic arm to maneuver spacewalkers around the Station and was the first time all of a Shuttle crew's spacewalks were based out of the Station's Quest Airlock. It was also the first Shuttle to use three Block II Main Engines. The Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis STS-110 mission, was launched April 8, 2002 and returned to Earth April 19, 2002.

International Space Station Sports a New Truss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

This close-up view of the International Space Station (ISS), newly equipped with its new 27,000-pound S0 (S-zero) truss, was photographed by an astronaut aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis STS-110 during its ISS flyaround mission while pulling away from the ISS. The STS-110 mission prepared the Station for future spacewalks by installing and outfitting the 43-foot-long S0 truss and preparing the first railroad in space, the Mobile Transporter. The 27,000 pound S0 truss was the first of 9 segments that will make up the Station's external framework that will eventually stretch 356 feet (109 meters), or approximately the length of a football field. This central truss segment also includes a flatcar called the Mobile Transporter and rails that will become the first 'space railroad,' which will allow the Station's robotic arm to travel up and down the finished truss for future assembly and maintenance. The completed truss structure will hold solar arrays and radiators to provide power and cooling for additional international research laboratories from Japan and Europe that will be attached to the Station. STS-110 Extravehicular Activity (EVA) marked the first use of the Station's robotic arm to maneuver spacewalkers around the Station and was the first time all of a shuttle crew's spacewalks were based out of the Station's Quest Airlock. It was also the first Shuttle to use three Block II Main Engines. The Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis STS-110 mission, was launched April 8, 2002 and returned to Earth April 19, 2002.

International Space Station Sports a New Truss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

This close-up view of the International Space Station (ISS), newly equipped with its new 27,000-pound S0 (S-zero) truss, was photographed by an astronaut aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis STS-110 upon its ISS flyaround mission while pulling away from the ISS. The STS-110 mission prepared the Station for future spacewalks by installing and outfitting the 43-foot-long S0 truss and preparing the first railroad in space, the Mobile Transporter. The 27,000 pound S0 truss was the first of 9 segments that will make up the Station's external framework that will eventually stretch 356 feet (109 meters), or approximately the length of a football field. This central truss segment also includes a flatcar called the Mobile Transporter and rails that will become the first 'space railroad,' which will allow the Station's robotic arm to travel up and down the finished truss for future assembly and maintenance. The completed truss structure will hold solar arrays and radiators to provide power and cooling for additional international research laboratories from Japan and Europe that will be attached to the Station. STS-110 Extravehicular Activity (EVA) marked the first use of the Station's robotic arm to maneuver spacewalkers around the station and was the first time all of a Shuttle crew's spacewalks were based out of the Station's Quest Airlock. It was also the first Shuttle to use three Block II Main Engines. The Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis STS-110 mission, was launched April 8, 2002 and returned to Earth April 19, 2002.

STS-110 Atlantis Launch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

The Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis STS-110, embarking on its 25th flight, lifts off from launch pad 39B at Kennedy Space Center at 3:44 p.m. CDT April 8, 2002. The STS-110 mission prepared the International Space Station (ISS) for future space walks by installing and outfitting a 43-foot-long Starboard side S0 truss and preparing the Mobile Transporter. The 27,000 pound S0 truss was the first of 9 segments that will make up the Station's external framework that will eventually stretch 356 feet (109 meters), or approximately the length of a football field. This central truss segment also includes a flatcar called the Mobile Transporter and rails that will become the first 'space railroad,' which will allow the Station's robotic arm to travel up and down the finished truss for future assembly and maintenance. The completed truss structure will hold solar arrays and radiators to provide power and cooling for additional international research laboratories from Japan and Europe that will be attached to the Station. Milestones of the S-110 mission included the first time the ISS robotic arm was used to maneuver space walkers around the Station and marked the first time all space walks were based out of the Station's Quest Airlock. It was also the first Shuttle to use three Block II Main Engines.

STS-110 Atlantis Launch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

The Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis STS-110, embarking on its 25th flight, lifts off from launch pad 39B at Kennedy Space Center at 3:44 p.m. CDT April 8, 2002. The STS-110 mission prepared the International Space Station (ISS) for future space walks by installing and outfitting a 43-foot-long Starboard side S0 truss and preparing the Mobile Transporter. The 27,000 pound S0 Truss was the first of 9 segments that will make up the Station's external framework that will eventually stretch 356 feet (109 meters), or approximately the length of a football field. This central truss segment also includes a flatcar called the Mobile Transporter and rails that will become the first 'space railroad,' which will allow the Station's robotic arm to travel up and down the finished truss for future assembly and maintenance. The completed truss structure will hold solar arrays and radiators to provide power and cooling for additional international research laboratories from Japan and Europe that will be attached to the Station. Milestones of the S-110 mission included the first time the ISS robotic arm was used to maneuver space walkers around the Station and marked the first time all space walks were based out of the Station's Quest Airlock. It was also the first Shuttle to use three Block II Main Engines.

Structural characterization of a first-generation articulated-truss joint for space crane application

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sutter, Thomas R.; Wu, K. Chauncey; Riutort, Kevin T.; Laufer, Joseph B.; Phelps, James E.

1992-01-01

A first-generation space crane articulated-truss joint was statically and dynamically characterized in a configuration that approximated an operational environment. The articulated-truss joint was integrated into a test-bed for structural characterization. Static characterization was performed by applying known loads and measuring the corresponding deflections to obtain load-deflection curves. Dynamic characterization was performed using modal testing to experimentally determine the first six mode shapes, frequencies, and modal damping values. Static and dynamic characteristics were also determined for a reference truss that served as a characterization baseline. Load-deflection curves and experimental frequency response functions are presented for the reference truss and the articulated-truss joint mounted in the test-bed. The static and dynamic experimental results are compared with analytical predictions obtained from finite element analyses. Load-deflection response is also presented for one of the linear actuators used in the articulated-truss joint. Finally, an assessment is presented for the predictability of the truss hardware used in the reference truss and articulated-truss joint based upon hardware stiffness properties that were previously obtained during the Precision Segmented Reflector (PSR) Technology Development Program.

Combined structures-controls optimization of lattice trusses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Balakrishnan, A. V.

1991-01-01

The role that distributed parameter model can play in CSI is demonstrated, in particular in combined structures controls optimization problems of importance in preliminary design. Closed form solutions can be obtained for performance criteria such as rms attitude error, making possible analytical solutions of the optimization problem. This is in contrast to the need for numerical computer solution involving the inversion of large matrices in traditional finite element model (FEM) use. Another advantage of the analytic solution is that it can provide much needed insight into phenomena that can otherwise be obscured or difficult to discern from numerical computer results. As a compromise in level of complexity between a toy lab model and a real space structure, the lattice truss used in the EPS (Earth Pointing Satellite) was chosen. The optimization problem chosen is a generic one: of minimizing the structure mass subject to a specified stability margin and to a specified upper bond on the rms attitude error, using a co-located controller and sensors. Standard FEM treating each bar as a truss element is used, while the continuum model is anisotropic Timoshenko beam model. Performance criteria are derived for each model, except that for the distributed parameter model, explicit closed form solutions was obtained. Numerical results obtained by the two model show complete agreement.

STS-112 crew during Crew Equipment Interface Test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During a Crew Equipment Interface Test, STS-112 Commander Jeffrey Ashby checks out the windshield on Atlantis, the designated orbiter for the mission. STS-112 is the 15th assembly flight to the International Space Station and will be ferrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure. The S1 truss is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communications systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. The S1 truss will be attached to the S0 truss. STS-112 is currently scheduled for launch Aug. 22, 2002.

STS-110 payload S0 Truss is moved to payload canister in O&C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the Operations and Checkout Building, an overhead crane carries the Integrated Truss Structure S0 from its workstand toward the payload canister. The S0 truss will be transported to the launch pad for mission STS-110. Part of the payload, the S0 truss will become the backbone of the orbiting International Space Station (ISS), at the center of the 10-truss, girderlike structure that will ultimately extend the length of a football field on the ISS. The S0 truss will be attached to the U.S. Lab, 'Destiny,' on the 11-day mission. Launch is scheduled for April 4.

STS-112 crew during Crew Equipment Interface Test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During a Crew Equipment Interface Test, STS-112 Pilot Pamela Melroy checks out the windshield on Atlantis, the designated orbiter for the mission. STS-112 is the 15th assembly flight to the International Space Station and will be ferrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure. The S1 truss is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communications systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. The S1 truss will be attached to the S0 truss. STS-112 is currently scheduled for launch Aug. 22, 2002.

Deployable-erectable trade study for space station truss structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mikulas, M. M., Jr.; Wright, A. S., Jr.; Bush, H. G.; Watson, J. J.; Dean, E. B.; Twigg, L. T.; Rhodes, M. D.; Cooper, P. A.; Dorsey, J. T.; Lake, M. S.

1985-01-01

The results of a trade study on truss structures for constructing the space station are presented. Although this study was conducted for the reference gravity gradient space station, the results are generally applicable to other configurations. The four truss approaches for constructing the space station considered in this paper were the 9 foot single fold deployable, the 15 foot erectable, the 10 foot double fold tetrahedral, and the 15 foot PACTRUSS. The primary rational for considering a 9 foot single-fold deployable truss (9 foot is the largest uncollapsed cross-section that will fit in the Shuttle cargo bay) is that of ease of initial on-orbit construction and preintegration of utility lines and subsystems. The primary rational for considering the 15 foot erectable truss is that the truss bay size will accommodate Shuttle size payloads and growth of the initial station in any dimension is a simple extension of the initial construction process. The primary rational for considering the double-fold 10 foot tetrahedral truss is that a relatively large amount of truss structure can be deployed from a single Shuttle flight to provide a large number of nodal attachments which present a pegboard for attaching a wide variety of payloads. The 15 foot double-fold PACTRUSS was developed to incorporate the best features of the erectable truss and the tetrahedral truss.

Design, analysis, and testing of the Phase 1 CSI Evolutionary Model erectable truss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gronet, M. J.; Davis, D. A.; Kintis, D. H.; Brillhart, R. D.; Atkins, E. M.

1992-01-01

This report addressed the design, analysis, and testing of the erectable truss structure for the Phase 1 CSI Evolutionary Model (CEM) testbed. The Phase 1 CEM testbed is the second testbed to form part of an ongoing program of focused research at NASA/LaRC in the development of Controls-Structures Integration (CSI) technology. The Phase 1 CEM contains the same overall geometry, weight, and sensor locations as the Phase 0 CEM, but is based in an integrated controller and structure design, whereby both structure and controller design variables are sized simultaneously. The Phase 1 CEM design features seven truss sections composed of struts with tailored mass and stiffness properties. A common erectable joint is used and the strut stiffness is tailored by varying the cross-sectional area. To characterize the structure, static tests were conducted on individual struts and 10-bay truss assemblies. Dynamic tests were conducted on 10-bay truss assemblies as well as the fully-assembled CEM truss. The results indicate that the static and dynamic properties of the structure are predictable, well-characterized, and within the performance requirements established during the Phase 1 CEM integrated controller/structure design analysis.

Advanced manufacturing development of a composite empennage component for L-1011 aircraft. Phase 2: Design and analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jackson, A. C.; Crocker, J. F.; Ekvall, J. C.; Eudaily, R. R.; Mosesian, B.; Vancleave, R. R.; Vanhamersveld, J.

1981-01-01

The composite fin design consists of two one-piece cocured covers, two one-piece cocured spars and eleven ribs. The lower ribs are truss ribs with graphite/epoxy caps and aluminum truss members. The upper three ribs are a sandwich design with graphite/epoxy face sheets and a syntactic epoxy core. The design achieves a 27% weight saving compared to the metal box. The fastener count has been reduced from over 40,000 to less than 7000. The structural integrity of the composite fin was verified by analysis and test. The static, fail-safe and flutter analyses were completed. An extensive test program has established the material behavior under a range of conditions and critical subcomponents were tested to verify the structural concepts.

Analysis of Geometric Conception of the Historical Truss Church of All Saints in Vlčovice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Augustinková, Lucie; Krušinský, Peter; Korenková, Renáta; Holešová, Michaela

2017-10-01

Church of All Saints in Vlčovice was built likely in the second half of the XIV century and was consecrated in 1597 by catholic bishop Stanislav Pavlovsky from Olomouc. The vault and nave of the church was built in Baroque. The truss of the church was dendrochronological dating to 1767/68. Some elements of structure were dendrochronological dating to 1586 when it was constructed primary truss structure. Today’s appearance of the church is given by historicist modifications from the last quarter of the 19th century. Analysed truss has a rafter-collar tie structure with collar beams, pedestal struts. The roof structure has archaic form and we can include the structure into the earlier period by typology. These trusses were commonly used in this region and the wider cultural sphere at that time.

Efficient development and processing of thermal math models of very large space truss structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Warren, Andrew H.; Arelt, Joseph E.; Lalicata, Anthony L.

1993-01-01

As the spacecraft moves along the orbit, the truss members are subjected to direct and reflected solar, albedo and planetary infra-red (IR) heating rates, as well as IR heating and shadowing from other spacecraft components. This is a transient process with continuously changing heating loads and the shadowing effects. The resulting nonuniform temperature distribution may cause nonuniform thermal expansion, deflection and stress in the truss elements, truss warping and thermal distortions. There are three challenges in the thermal-structural analysis of the large truss structures. The first is the development of the thermal and structural math models, the second - model processing, and the third - the data transfer between the models. All three tasks require considerable time and computer resources to be done because of a very large number of components involved. To address these challenges a series of techniques of automated thermal math modeling and efficient processing of very large space truss structures were developed. In the process the finite element and finite difference methods are interfaced. A very substantial reduction of the quantity of computations was achieved while assuring a desired accuracy of the results. The techniques are illustrated on the thermal analysis of a segment of the Space Station main truss.

The P4 truss is moved to a workstand in the SSPF

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

After its move across the Space Station Processing Facility, the International Space Station's P4 truss rests in its workstand. Part of the 10-truss, girder-like structure that will ultimately extend the length of a football field, the P4 is the second port truss segment that will attach to the first port truss segment (P1 truss). The P4 is scheduled for mission 12A in September 2002.

Study on light weight design of truss structures of spacecrafts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeng, Fuming; Yang, Jianzhong; Wang, Jian

2015-08-01

Truss structure is usually adopted as the main structure form for spacecrafts due to its high efficiency in supporting concentrated loads. Light-weight design is now becoming the primary concern during conceptual design of spacecrafts. Implementation of light-weight design on truss structure always goes through three processes: topology optimization, size optimization and composites optimization. During each optimization process, appropriate algorithm such as the traditional optimality criterion method, mathematical programming method and the intelligent algorithms which simulate the growth and evolution processes in nature will be selected. According to the practical processes and algorithms, combined with engineering practice and commercial software, summary is made for the implementation of light-weight design on truss structure for spacecrafts.

Deployable geodesic truss structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mikulas, Martin M., Jr. (Inventor); Rhodes, Marvin D. (Inventor); Simonton, J. Wayne (Inventor)

1987-01-01

A deployable geodesic truss structure which can be deployed from a stowed state to an erected state is described. The truss structure includes a series of bays, each bay having sets of battens connected by longitudinal cross members which give the bay its axial and torsional stiffness. The cross members are hinged at their mid point by a joint so that the cross members are foldable for deployment or collapsing. The bays are deployed and stabilized by actuator means connected between the mid point joints of the cross members. Hinged longerons may be provided to also connect the sets of battens and to collapse for stowing with the rest of the truss structure.

STS-112 crew during Crew Equipment Interface Test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During a Crew Equipment Interface Test, STS-112 Mission Specialist Fyodor Yurchikhin looks at Atlantis, the designated orbiter for the mission. Yurchikhin is with the Russian Space Agency. STS-112 is the 15th assembly flight to the International Space Station and will be ferrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure. The S1 truss is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communications systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. The S1 truss will be attached to the S0 truss. STS-112 is currently scheduled for launch Aug. 22, 2002.

The design and development of a two-dimensional adaptive truss structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kuwao, Fumihiro; Motohashi, Shoichi; Yoshihara, Makoto; Takahara, Kenichi; Natori, Michihiro

1987-01-01

The functional model of a two dimensional adaptive truss structure which can purposefully change its geometrical configuration is introduced. The details of design and fabrication such as kinematic analysis, dynamic characteristics analysis and some test results are presented for the demonstration of this two dimensional truss concept.

The development of optimal lightweight truss-core sandwich panels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Langhorst, Benjamin Robert

Sandwich structures effectively provide lightweight stiffness and strength by sandwiching a low-density core between stiff face sheets. The performance of lightweight truss-core sandwich panels is enhanced through the design of novel truss arrangements and the development of methods by which the panels may be optimized. An introduction to sandwich panels is presented along with an overview of previous research of truss-core sandwich panels. Three alternative truss arrangements are developed and their corresponding advantages, disadvantages, and optimization routines are discussed. Finally, performance is investigated by theoretical and numerical methods, and it is shown that the relative structural efficiency of alternative truss cores varies with panel weight and load-carrying capacity. Discrete truss core sandwich panels can be designed to serve bending applications more efficiently than traditional pyramidal truss arrangements at low panel weights and load capacities. Additionally, discrete-truss cores permit the design of heterogeneous cores, which feature unit cells that vary in geometry throughout the panel according to the internal loads present at each unit cell's location. A discrete-truss core panel may be selectively strengthened to more efficiently support bending loads. Future research is proposed and additional areas for lightweight sandwich panel development are explained.

KSC-99pd0679

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-06-12

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The S0 truss segment is moved into the Operations and Checkout Bldg. (O&C) for processing. The truss arrived at the SLF aboard a "Super Guppy" aircraft from Boeing in Huntington, Calif. During processing in the O&C, the S0 truss will have installed the Canadian Mobile Transporter, power distribution system modules, a heat pipe radiator for cooling, computers, and a pair of rate gyroscopes. Four Global Positioning System antennas are already installed. A 44by 15-foot structure weighing 30,800 pounds when fully outfitted and ready for launch, the truss will be at the center of the ISS 10-truss, girderlike structure that will ultimately extend the length of a football field. Eventually the S0 truss will be attached to the U.S. Lab, "Destiny," which is scheduled to be added to the ISS in April 2000. Later, other trusses will be attached to the S0 on-orbit. The S0 truss is scheduled to be launched in the first quarter of 2001 on mission STS-108

STS-110 S0 Truss Removed From Cargo Bay

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Backdropped against the blackness of space and the Earth's horizon, the S0 (S-zero) truss is removed from Atlantis' cargo bay and onto the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station (ISS) by Astronauts Ellen Ochoa, STS-110 mission specialist, and Daniel W. Bursch, Expedition Four flight engineer, using the ISS' Canadarm2. Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis, STS-110 mission, prepared the International Space Station (ISS) for future spacewalks by installing and outfitting the 43-foot-long S0 truss and preparing the first railroad in space, the Mobile Transporter. The 27,000-pound S0 truss was the first of 9 segments that will make up the Station's external framework that will eventually stretch 356 feet (109 meters), or approximately the length of a football field. This central truss segment also includes a flatcar called the Mobile Transporter and rails that will become the first 'space railroad,' which will allow the Station's robotic arm to travel up and down the finished truss for future assembly and maintenance. The completed truss structure will hold solar arrays and radiators to provide power and cooling for additional international research laboratories from Japan and Europe that will be attached to the Station. Milestones of the STS-110 mission included the first use of the Station's robotic arm to maneuver spacewalkers around the Station and it was the first time all of a Shuttle crew's spacewalks were based out of the Station's Quest Airlock. It was also the first Shuttle to use three Block II Main Engines. The Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis, STS-110 mission, was launched April 8, 2002 and returned to Earth April 19, 2002.

STS-110 Astronaut Jerry Ross Performs Extravehicular Activity (EVA)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Launched aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis on April 8, 2002, the STS-110 mission prepared the International Space Station (ISS) for future space walks by installing and outfitting the 43-foot-long Starboard side S0 (S-zero) truss and preparing the first railroad in space, the Mobile Transporter. The 27,000 pound S0 truss was the first of 9 segments that will make up the Station's external framework that will eventually stretch 356 feet (109 meters), or approximately the length of a football field. This central truss segment also includes a flatcar called the Mobile Transporter and rails that will become the first 'space railroad,' which will allow the Station's robotic arm to travel up and down the finished truss for future assembly and maintenance. The completed truss structure will hold solar arrays and radiators to provide power and cooling for additional international research laboratories from Japan and Europe that will be attached to the Station. STS-110 Extravehicular Activity (EVA) marked the first use of the Station's robotic arm to maneuver space walkers around the Station and was the first time all of a shuttle crew's space walks were based out of the Station's Quest Airlock. In this photograph, Astronaut Jerry L. Ross, mission specialist, anchored on the end of the Canadarm2, moves near the newly installed S0 truss. Astronaut Lee M. E. Morin, mission specialist, (out of frame), worked in tandem with Ross during this fourth and final scheduled session of EVA for the STS-110 mission. The final major task of the space walk was the installation of a beam, the Airlock Spur, between the Quest Airlock and the S0. The spur will be used by space walkers in the future as a path from the airlock to the truss.

Development of Bonded Joint Technology for a Rigidizable-Inflatable Deployable Truss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smeltzer, Stanley S., III

2006-01-01

Microwave and Synthetic Aperture Radar antenna systems have been developed as instrument systems using truss structures as their primary support and deployment mechanism for over a decade. NASA Langley Research Center has been investigating fabrication, modular assembly, and deployment methods of lightweight rigidizable/inflatable linear truss structures during that time for large spacecraft systems. The primary goal of the research at Langley Research Center is to advance these existing state-of-the-art joining and deployment concepts to achieve prototype system performance in a relevant space environment. During 2005, the development, fabrication, and testing of a 6.7 meter multi-bay, deployable linear truss was conducted at Langley Research Center to demonstrate functional and precision metrics of a rigidizable/inflatable truss structure. The present paper is intended to summarize aspects of bonded joint technology developed for the 6.7 meter deployable linear truss structure while providing a brief overview of the entire truss fabrication, assembly, and deployment methodology. A description of the basic joint design, surface preparation investigations, and experimental joint testing of component joint test articles will be described. Specifically, the performance of two room temperature adhesives were investigated to obtain qualitative data related to tube folding testing and quantitative data related to tensile shear strength testing. It was determined from the testing that a polyurethane-based adhesive best met the rigidizable/inflatable truss project requirements.

Loading mode dependent effective properties of octet-truss lattice structures using 3D-printing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Challapalli, Adithya

Cellular materials, often called lattice materials, are increasingly receiving attention for their ultralight structures with high specific strength, excellent impact absorption, acoustic insulation, heat dissipation media and compact heat exchangers. In alignment with emerging additive manufacturing (AM) technology, realization of the structural applications of the lattice materials appears to be becoming faster. Considering the direction dependent material properties of the products with AM, by directionally dependent printing resolution, effective moduli of lattice structures appear to be directionally dependent. In this paper, a constitutive model of a lattice structure, which is an octet-truss with a base material having an orthotropic material property considering AM is developed. In a case study, polyjet based 3D printing material having an orthotropic property with a 9% difference in the principal direction provides difference in the axial and shear moduli in the octet-truss by 2.3 and 4.6%. Experimental validation for the effective properties of a 3D printed octet-truss is done for uniaxial tension and compression test. The theoretical value based on the micro-buckling of truss member are used to estimate the failure strength. Modulus value appears a little overestimate compared with the experiment. Finite element (FE) simulations for uniaxial compression and tension of octettruss lattice materials are conducted. New effective properties for the octet-truss lattice structure are developed considering the observed behavior of the octet-truss structure under macroscopic compression and tension trough simulations.

The P4 truss is moved to a workstand in the SSPF

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

In the Space Station Processing Facility, workers get ready to lower the International Space Station's P4 truss onto a workstand. Part of the 10-truss, girder-like structure that will ultimately extend the length of a football field, the P4 is the second port truss segment that will attach to the first port truss segment (P1 truss). The P4 is scheduled for mission 12A in September 2002.

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-09-01

This image shows the Integrated Truss Assembly S-1 (S-One), the Starboard Side Thermal Radiator Truss, for the International Space Station (ISS) undergoing final construction in the Space Station manufacturing facility at the Marshall Space Flight Center. The S1 truss provides structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels, which use ammonia to cool the Station's complex power system. Delivered and installed by the STS-112 mission, the S1 truss, attached to the S0 (S Zero) truss installed by the previous STS-110 mission, flows 637 pounds of anhydrous ammonia through three heat rejection radiators. The truss is 45-feet long, 15-feet wide, 10-feet tall, and weighs approximately 32,000 pounds. Manufactured by the Boeing Company in Huntington Beach, California, the truss primary structure was transferred to the Marshall Space Flight Center in February 1999 for hardware installations and manufacturing acceptance testing.

Easy Attachment Of Panels To A Truss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thomson, Mark; Gralewski, Mark

1992-01-01

Conceptual antenna dish, solar collector, or similar structure consists of hexagonal panels supported by truss erected in field. Truss built in increments to maintain access to panel-attachment nodes. Each panel brought toward truss at angle and attached to two nodes. Panel rotated into attachment at third node.

The integration of a mesh reflector to a 15-foot box truss structure. Task 3: Box truss analysis and technology development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bachtell, E. E.; Thiemet, W. F.; Morosow, G.

1987-01-01

To demonstrate the design and integration of a reflective mesh surface to a deployable truss structure, a mesh reflector was installed on a 15 foot box truss cube. The specific features demonstrated include: (1) sewing seams in reflective mesh; (2) mesh stretching to desired preload; (3) installation of surface tie cords; (4) installation of reflective surface on truss; (5) setting of reflective surface; (6) verification of surface shape/accuracy; (7) storage and deployment; (8) repeatability of reflector surface; and (9) comparison of surface with predicted shape using analytical methods developed under a previous task.

P-1 truss moves into O&C Building

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

The P-1 truss, a component of the International Space Station, sits inside the Operations and Checkout Building where it will undergo processing. The truss, scheduled to fly in spring of 2002, is part of a total 10-truss, girder-like structure on the Station that will ultimately extend the length of a football field. Astronauts will attach the 14-by-15 foot structure to the port side of the center truss, S0, during the spring assembly flight. The 33,000-pound P-1 will house the thermal radiator rotating joint (TRRJ) that will rotate the Station's radiators away from the sun to increase their maximum cooling efficiency.

STS-110 payload S0 Truss is moved to payload canister in O&C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the Operations and Checkout Building, the Integrated Truss Structure S0 is ready to be moved to the payload canister for transport to the launch pad for mission STS-110. Part of the payload, the S0 truss will become the backbone of the orbiting International Space Station (ISS), at the center of the 10-truss, girderlike structure that will ultimately extend the length of a football field on the ISS. The S0 truss will be attached to the U.S. Lab, 'Destiny,' on the 11-day mission. Launch is scheduled for April 4.

Discrete size optimization of steel trusses using a refined big bang-big crunch algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasançebi, O.; Kazemzadeh Azad, S.

2014-01-01

This article presents a methodology that provides a method for design optimization of steel truss structures based on a refined big bang-big crunch (BB-BC) algorithm. It is shown that a standard formulation of the BB-BC algorithm occasionally falls short of producing acceptable solutions to problems from discrete size optimum design of steel trusses. A reformulation of the algorithm is proposed and implemented for design optimization of various discrete truss structures according to American Institute of Steel Construction Allowable Stress Design (AISC-ASD) specifications. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed BB-BC algorithm is compared to its standard version as well as other well-known metaheuristic techniques. The numerical results confirm the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in practical design optimization of truss structures.

Design of a welded joint for robotic, on-orbit assembly of space trusses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rule, W. K.; Thomas, F. P.

1992-10-01

A preliminary design for a weldable truss joint for on-orbit assembly of large space structures is described. The joint was designed for ease of assembly, for structural efficiency, and to allow passage of fluid (for active cooling or other purposes) along the member through the joint. The truss members were assumed to consist of graphite/epoxy tubes to which were bonded 2219-T87 aluminum alloy end fittings for welding on-orbit to truss nodes of the same alloy. A modified form of gas tungsten arc welding was assumed to be the welding process. The joint was designed to withstand the thermal and structural loading associated with a 120-ft diameter tetrahedral truss intended as an aerobrake for a mission to Mars.

Design of a welded joint for robotic, on-orbit assembly of space trusses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rule, W. K.; Thomas, F. P.

1992-01-01

A preliminary design for a weldable truss joint for on-orbit assembly of large space structures is described. The joint was designed for ease of assembly, for structural efficiency, and to allow passage of fluid (for active cooling or other purposes) along the member through the joint. The truss members were assumed to consist of graphite/epoxy tubes to which were bonded 2219-T87 aluminum alloy end fittings for welding on-orbit to truss nodes of the same alloy. A modified form of gas tungsten arc welding was assumed to be the welding process. The joint was designed to withstand the thermal and structural loading associated with a 120-ft diameter tetrahedral truss intended as an aerobrake for a mission to Mars.

STS-113 Mission Specialist Michael Lopez-Alegria looks over the P1 Truss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-113 Mission Specialist Michael Lopez-Alegria looks over the P1 Integrated Truss Structure, the primary payload for the mission. The P1 truss will be attached to the central truss segment, S0 Truss, during spacewalks. The payload also includes the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart B that can be used by spacewalkers to move along the truss with equipment. STS-113 is scheduled to launch Oct. 6, 2002.

STS-113 Mission Specialists review data on the P1 Truss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-113 Mission Specialists John Herrington (left) and Michael Lopez-Alegria (right) look over the P1 Integrated Truss Structure, the primary payload for the mission. The P1 truss will be attached to the central truss segment, S0 Truss, during spacewalks. The payload also includes the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart B that can be used by spacewalkers to move along the truss with equipment. STS-113 is scheduled to launch Oct. 6, 2002

STS-113 Mission Specialists review data on the P1 Truss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - STS-113 Mission Specialists John Herrington (left) and Michael Lopez-Alegria (right) look over the P1 Integrated Truss Structure, the primary payload for the mission. The P1 truss will be attached to the central truss segment, S0 Truss, during spacewalks. The payload also includes the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart B that can be used by spacewalkers to move along the truss with equipment. STS-113 is scheduled to launch Oct. 6, 2002.

The P4 truss is moved to a workstand in the SSPF

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

In the Space Station Processing Facility, workers oversee the removal of the P4 truss from the truck that transported it from Tulsa, Okla. Part of the 10-truss, girder-like structure that will ultimately extend the length of a football field on the International Space Station, the P4 is the second port truss segment that will attach to the first port truss segment (P1 truss). The P4 is scheduled for mission 12A in September 2002.

Structural design and static analysis of a double-ring deployable truss for mesh antennas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Yan; Guan, Fuling; Chen, Jianjun; Zheng, Yao

2012-12-01

This paper addresses the structural design, the deployment control design, the static analysis and the model testing of a new double-ring deployable truss that is intended for large mesh antennas. This deployable truss is a multi-DOF (degree-of-freedom), over-constrained mechanism. Two kinds of deployable basic elements were introduced, as well as a process to synthesise the structure of the deployable truss. The geometric equations were formulated to determine the length of each strut, including the effects of the joint size. A DOF evaluation showed that the mechanism requires two active cables and requires deployment control. An open-loop control system was designed to control the rotational velocities of two motors. The structural stiffness of the truss was assessed by static analysis that considered the effects of the constraint condition and the pre-stress of the passive cables. A 4.2-metre demonstration model of an antenna was designed and fabricated. The geometry and the deployment behaviour of the double-ring truss were validated by the experiments using this model.

STS-112 crew during Crew Equipment Interface Test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Accompanied by a technician, STS-112 Pilot Pamela Melroy (left) and Mission Specialist David Wolf (right) look at the payload and equipment in the bay of Atlantis during a Crew Equipment Interface Test at KSC. STS-112 is the 15th assembly flight to the International Space Station and will be ferrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure. The S1 truss is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communications systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. The S1 truss will be attached to the S0 truss. STS-112 is currently scheduled for launch Aug. 22, 2002 .

P-1 truss arrival at KSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

The P-1 truss, a component of the International Space Station, arrives inside the RLV hangar, located near the Shuttle Landing Facility at KSC. Approaching bad weather caused the detour as a precaution. The truss will eventually be transferred to the Operations and Checkout Building for processing. The P-1 truss, scheduled to fly in spring of 2002, is part of a total 10-truss, girder-like structure on the Station that will ultimately extend the length of a football field. Astronauts will attach the 14-by- 15 foot structure to the port side of the center truss, S0, during the spring assembly flight. The 33,000-pound P-1 will house the thermal radiator rotating joint (TRRJ) that will rotate the Station's radiators away from the sun to increase their maximum cooling efficiency.

STS-112 crew during Crew Equipment Interface Test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - During a Crew Equipment Interface Test, STS-112 Pilot Pamela Melroy (left) and Mission Specialist David Wolf (right) look at equipment pointed out by a technician in the payload bay of Atlantis. STS-112 is the 15th assembly flight to the International Space Station and will be ferrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure. The S1 truss is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communications systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. The S1 truss will be attached to the S0 truss. STS-112 is currently scheduled for launch Aug. 22, 2002 .

STS-112 crew during Crew Equipment Interface Test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During a Crew Equipment Interface Test, STS-112 Mission Specialist Piers Sellers (foreground) points to an engine line on Atlantis, the designated orbiter for the mission, while Commander Jeffrey Ashby (behind) looks on. STS-112 is the 15th assembly flight to the International Space Station and will be ferrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure. The S1 truss is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communications systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. The S1 truss will be attached to the S0 truss. STS-112 is currently scheduled for launch Aug. 22, 2002.

STS-110 Crew Photographs Soyuz and Atlantis Docked to International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Docked to the International Space Station (ISS), a Soyuz vehicle (foreground) and the Space Shuttle Atlantis were photographed by a crew member in the Pirs docking compartment on the orbital outpost. Atlantis launched on April 8, 2002, carrying the the STS-110 mission which prepared the ISS for future space walks by installing and outfitting the 43-foot-long Starboard side S0 (S-zero) truss and preparing the first railroad in space, the Mobile Transporter. The 27,000 pound S0 truss was the first of 9 segments that will make up the Station's external framework that will eventually stretch 356 feet (109 meters), or approximately the length of a football field. This central truss segment also includes a flatcar called the Mobile Transporter and rails that will become the first 'space railroad,' which will allow the Station's robotic arm to travel up and down the finished truss for future assembly and maintenance. The completed truss structure will hold solar arrays and radiators to provide power and cooling for additional international research laboratories from Japan and Europe that will be attached to the Station. STS-110 Extravehicular Activity (EVA) marked the first use of the Station's robotic arm to maneuver space walkers around the Station and was the first time all of a shuttle crew's scapulas were based out of the Station's Quest Airlock.

Destiny's Earth Observation Window

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Astronaut Michael J. Bloomfield, STS-110 mission commander, looks through the Earth observation window in the Destiny laboratory aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The STS-110 mission prepared the ISS for future spacewalks by installing and outfitting the S0 (S-zero) truss and the Mobile Transporter. The 43-foot-long S0 Truss, weighing in at 27,000 pounds, was the first of 9 segments that will make up the Station's external framework that will eventually stretch 356 feet (109 meters), or approximately the length of a football field. This central truss segment also includes a flatcar called the Mobile Transporter and rails that will become the first 'space railroad,' which will allow the Station's robotic arm to travel up and down the finished truss for future assembly and maintenance. The completed truss structure will hold solar arrays and radiators to provide power and cooling for additional international research laboratories from Japan and Europe that will be attached to the Station. Milestones of the STS-110 mission included the first time the ISS robotic arm was used to maneuver spacewalkers around the Station and marked the first time all spacewalks were based out of the Station's Quest Airlock. It was also the first Shuttle to use three Block II Main Engines. The Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis, STS-110 mission, was launched April 8, 2002 and returned to Earth April 19, 2002.

A continuous-discrete approach for evaluation of natural frequencies and mode shapes of high-rise buildings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malekinejad, Mohsen; Rahgozar, Reza; Malekinejad, Ali; Rahgozar, Peyman

2016-09-01

In this paper, a continuous-discrete approach based on the concept of lumped mass and equivalent continuous approach is proposed for free vibration analysis of combined system of framed tube, shear core and outrigger-belt truss in high-rise buildings. This system is treated as a continuous system (i.e., discrete beams and columns are replaced with equivalent continuous membranes) and a discrete system (or lumped mass system) at different stages of dynamic analysis. The structure is discretized at each floor of the building as a series of lumped masses placed at the center of shear core. Each mass has two transitional degrees of freedom (lateral and axial( and one rotational. The effect of shear core and outrigger-belt truss on framed tube system is modeled as a rotational spring placed at the location of outrigger-belt truss system along structure's height. By solving the resulting eigen problem, natural frequencies and mode-shapes are obtained. Numerical examples are presented to show acceptable accuracy of the procedure in estimating the fundamental frequencies and corresponding mode shapes of the combined system as compared to finite element analysis of the complete structure. The simplified proposed method is much faster and should be more suitable for rapid interactive design.

Space structures concepts and materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nowitzky, A. M.; Supan, E. C.

1988-01-01

An extension is preseted of the evaluation of graphite/aluminum metal matrix composites (MMC) for space structures application. A tubular DWG graphite/aluminum truss assembly was fabricated having the structural integrity and thermal stability needed for space application. DWG is a proprietary thin ply continuous graphite reinforced aluminum composite. The truss end fittings were constructed using the discontinuous ceramic particulate reinforced MMC DWAl 20 (trademark). Thermal stability was incorporated in the truss by utilizing high stiffness, negative coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) P100 graphite fibers in a 6061 aluminum matrix, crossplied to provide minimized CTE in the assembled truss. Tube CTE was designed to be slightly negative to offset the effects of the end fitting and sleeve, CTE values of which are approx. 1/2 that of aluminum. In the design of the truss configuration, the CTE contribution of each component was evaluated to establish the component dimension and layup configuration required to provide a net zero CTE in the subassemblies which would then translate to a zero CTE for the entire truss bay produced.

STS-110 Extravehicular Activity (EVA)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

STS-110 Mission Specialists Jerry L. Ross and Lee M.E. Morin work in tandem on the fourth scheduled EVA session for the STS-110 mission aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis. Ross is anchored on the mobile foot restraint on the International Space Station's (ISS) Canadarm2, while Morin works inside the S0 (S-zero) truss. The STS-110 mission prepared the Station for future spacewalks by installing and outfitting a 43-foot-long S0 truss and preparing the Mobile Transporter. The 27,000 pound S0 Truss was the first of 9 segments that will make up the Station's external framework that will eventually stretch 356 feet (109 meters), or approximately the length of a football field. This central truss segment also includes a flatcar called the Mobile Transporter and rails that will become the first 'space railroad,' which will allow the Station's robotic arm to travel up and down the finished truss for future assembly and maintenance. The completed truss structure will hold solar arrays and radiators to provide power and cooling for additional international research laboratories from Japan and Europe that will be attached to the Station. Milestones of the S-110 mission included the first time the ISS robotic arm was used to maneuver spacewalkers around the Station and marked the first time all spacewalks were based out of the Station's Quest Airlock. It was also the first Shuttle to use three Block II Main Engines. The Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis, STS-110 mission, was launched April 8, 2002 and returned to Earth April 19, 2002.

Progress in composite structure and space construction systems technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bodle, J. B.; Jenkins, L. M.

1981-01-01

The development of deployable and fabricated composite trusses for large space structures by NASA and private industry is reviewed. Composite materials technology is discussed with a view toward fabrication processes and the characteristics of finished truss beams. Advances in roll-forming open section caps from graphite-composite strip material and new ultrasonic welding techniques are outlined. Vacuum- and gravity-effect test results show that the ultrasonic welding of graphite-thermoplastic materials in space is feasible. The structural characteristics of a prototype truss segment are presented. A new deployable graphite-composite truss with high packaging density for broad application to large space platforms is described.

An approximation method for configuration optimization of trusses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hansen, Scott R.; Vanderplaats, Garret N.

1988-01-01

Two- and three-dimensional elastic trusses are designed for minimum weight by varying the areas of the members and the location of the joints. Constraints on member stresses and Euler buckling are imposed and multiple static loading conditions are considered. The method presented here utilizes an approximate structural analysis based on first order Taylor series expansions of the member forces. A numerical optimizer minimizes the weight of the truss using information from the approximate structural analysis. Comparisons with results from other methods are made. It is shown that the method of forming an approximate structural analysis based on linearized member forces leads to a highly efficient method of truss configuration optimization.

A crane is lowered toward the S0 truss to transfer it to a workstand in the

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

Inside the Operations and Checkout Bldg. (O&C), workers (at left) watch over the maneuvering of the overhead crane toward the S0 truss segment below it. The S0 truss will undergo processing in the O&C during which the Canadian Mobile Transporter, power distribution system modules, a heat pipe radiator for cooling, computers, and a pair of rate gyroscopes will be installed. Four Global Positioning System antennas are already installed. A 44- by 15-foot structure weighing 30,800 pounds when fully outfitted and ready for launch, the truss will be at the center of the ISS 10-truss, girderlike structure that will ultimately extend the length of a football field. Eventually the S0 truss will be attached to the U.S. Lab, 'Destiny,' which is scheduled to be added to the ISS in April 2000. Later, other trusses will be attached to the S0 on-orbit. The S0 truss is scheduled to be launched in the first quarter of 2001 on mission STS-108.

P-1 truss moved to work stand in O&C Building

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

Inside the Operations and Checkout Building, an overhead crane lifts the top of the canister containing the P-1 truss, a component of the International Space Station. The truss, scheduled to fly in spring of 2002, is part of a total 10-truss, girder-like structure on the Station that will ultimately extend the length of a football field. Astronauts will attach the 14-by- 15 foot structure to the port side of the center truss, S0, during the spring assembly flight. The 33,000-pound P-1 will house the thermal radiator rotating joint (TRRJ) that will rotate the Station's radiators away from the sun to increase their maximum cooling efficiency.

P-1 truss arrival at KSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

Workers oversee the placement of the P-1 truss, a component of the International Space Station, onto a flatbed truck that will move it to the Operations and Checkout Building for processing. The P-1 truss, scheduled to fly in spring of 2002, is part of a total 10-truss, girder-like structure on the Station that will ultimately extend the length of a football field. Astronauts will attach the 14-by-15 foot structure to the port side of the center truss, S0, during the spring assembly flight. The 33,000-pound P- 1 will house the thermal radiator rotating joint (TRRJ) that will rotate the Station's radiators away from the sun to increase their maximum cooling efficiency.

P-1 truss moved to O&C Building

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

Cranes place the P-1 truss, a component of the International Space Station, on a transport vehicle that will move it to the Operations and Checkout Building for processing. The truss had been temporarily stored in the RLV hangar in the background as a precaution against approaching bad weather. The P-1 truss, scheduled to fly in spring of 2002, is part of a total 10-truss, girder-like structure on the Station that will ultimately extend the length of a football field. Astronauts will attach the 14-by- 15 foot structure to the port side of the center truss, S0, during the spring assembly flight. The 33,000-pound P-1 will house the thermal radiator rotating joint (TRRJ) that will rotate the Station's radiators away from the sun to increase their maximum cooling efficiency.

KSC-98pc1660

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-11-06

Workers in the Space Station Processing Facility watch the Passive Common Berthing Mechanism (PCBM) lifted high to move it over to the Z1 integrated truss structure at right. It will be mated to the Z1 truss, a component of the International Space Station (ISS). The Z1 truss will be used for the temporary installation of the P6 truss segment to the Unity connecting module. The P6 truss segment contains the solar arrays and batteries which will provide early station power. The truss is scheduled to be launched aboard STS-92 in late 1999

STS-113 Mission Specialists review data on the P1 Truss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - STS-113 Mission Specialists Michael Lopez-Alegria (left) and John Herrington (center) review data on the P1 Integrated Truss Structure with a technician in the Space Station Processing Facility. During the mission, the P1 truss will be attached to the central truss segment, S0 Truss, during spacewalks. The payload also includes the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart B that can be used by spacewalkers to move along the truss with equipment. STS-113 is scheduled to launch Oct. 6, 2002.

KSC-99pp0685

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-06-12

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Workers in the O&C Bldg. watch as the S0 truss is lowered onto a workstand. The S0 truss will undergo processing in the O&C during which the Canadian Mobile Transporter, power distribution system modules, a heat pipe radiator for cooling, computers, and a pair of rate gyroscopes will be installed. Four Global Positioning System antennas are already installed. A 44by 15-foot structure weighing 30,800 pounds when fully outfitted and ready for launch, the truss will be at the center of the ISS 10-truss, girderlike structure that will ultimately extend the length of a football field. Eventually the S0 truss will be attached to the U.S. Lab, "Destiny," which is scheduled to be added to the ISS in April 2000. Later, other trusses will be attached to the S0 on-orbit. The S0 truss is scheduled to be launched in the first quarter of 2001 on mission STS-108

KSC-99pp0686

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-06-12

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The S0 truss nears its resting place in the workstand in the O&C Bldg. (O&C). The S0 truss will undergo processing in the O&C during which the Canadian Mobile Transporter, power distribution system modules, a heat pipe radiator for cooling, computers, and a pair of rate gyroscopes will be installed. Four Global Positioning System antennas are already installed. A 44by 15-foot structure weighing 30,800 pounds when fully outfitted and ready for launch, the truss will be at the center of the ISS 10-truss, girderlike structure that will ultimately extend the length of a football field. Eventually the S0 truss will be attached to the U.S. Lab, "Destiny," which is scheduled to be added to the ISS in April 2000. Later, other trusses will be attached to the S0 on-orbit. The S0 truss is scheduled to be launched in the first quarter of 2001 on mission STS-108

KSC-99pd0684

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-06-12

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the Operations and Checkout Bldg. (O&C), an overhead crane moves the S0 truss segment toward a workstand. The S0 truss will undergo processing in the O&C during which the Canadian Mobile Transporter, power distribution system modules, a heat pipe radiator for cooling, computers, and a pair of rate gyroscopes will be installed. Four Global Positioning System antennas are already installed. A 44by 15-foot structure weighing 30,800 pounds when fully outfitted and ready for launch, the truss will be at the center of the ISS 10-truss, girderlike structure that will ultimately extend the length of a football field. Eventually the S0 truss will be attached to the U.S. Lab, "Destiny," which is scheduled to be added to the ISS in April 2000. Later, other trusses will be attached to the S0 on-orbit. The S0 truss is scheduled to be launched in the first quarter of 2001 on mission STS-108

KSC-99pp0684

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-06-12

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the Operations and Checkout Bldg. (O&C), an overhead crane moves the S0 truss segment toward a workstand. The S0 truss will undergo processing in the O&C during which the Canadian Mobile Transporter, power distribution system modules, a heat pipe radiator for cooling, computers and a pair of rate gyroscopes will be installed. Four Global Positioning System antennas are already installed. A 44- by 15-foot structure weighing 30,800 pounds when fully outfitted and ready for launch, the truss will be at the center of the ISS 10-truss, girderlike structure that will ultimately extend the length of a football field. Eventually the S0 truss will be attached to the U.S. Lab, "Destiny," which is scheduled to be added to the ISS in April 2000. Later, other trusses will be attached to the S0 on orbit. The S0 truss is scheduled to be launched in the first quarter of 2001 on mission STS-108

KSC-99pp0681

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-06-12

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Inside the Operations and Checkout Bldg. (O&C), an overhead crane removes the cover from the S0 truss segment beneath it. The S0 truss will undergo processing in the O&C during which the Canadian Mobile Transporter, power distribution system modules, a heat pipe radiator for cooling, computers, and a pair of rate gyroscopes will be installed. Four Global Positioning System antennas are already installed. A 44by 15-foot structure weighing 30,800 pounds when fully outfitted and ready for launch, the truss will be at the center of the ISS 10-truss, girderlike structure that will ultimately extend the length of a football field. Eventually the S0 truss will be attached to the U.S. Lab, "Destiny," which is scheduled to be added to the ISS in April 2000. Later, other trusses will be attached to the S0 on-orbit. The S0 truss is scheduled to be launched in the first quarter of 2001 on mission STS-108

KSC-99pp0683

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-06-12

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Inside the Operations and Checkout Bldg. (O&C), workers (at left) watch over the maneuvering of the overhead crane toward the S0 truss segment below it. The S0 truss will undergo processing in the O&C during which the Canadian Mobile Transporter, power distribution system modules, a heat pipe radiator for cooling, computers, and a pair of rate gyroscopes will be installed. Four Global Positioning System antennas are already installed. A 44by 15-foot structure weighing 30,800 pounds when fully outfitted and ready for launch, the truss will be at the center of the ISS 10-truss, girderlike structure that will ultimately extend the length of a football field. Eventually the S0 truss will be attached to the U.S. Lab, "Destiny," which is scheduled to be added to the ISS in April 2000. Later, other trusses will be attached to the S0 on-orbit. The S0 truss is scheduled to be launched in the first quarter of 2001 on mission STS-108

STS-112 crew in front of S0 Truss Structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the Operations and Checkout Building, the STS-112 crew stands under the S0 Integrated Truss Structure, waiting to be transported to the launch pad for mission STS-110. From left are Mission Specialist David Wolf, Pilot Pam ela Melroy; Commander Jeffrey Ashby; and Mission Specialist Piers Sellers. Mission STS-112 will be ferrying the S1 ITS to the International Space Station on its scheduled Aug. 15 flight. The S1 truss will be attached to the S0 truss

Assembling Precise Truss Structures With Minimal Stresses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sword, Lee F.

1996-01-01

Improved method of assembling precise truss structures involves use of simple devices. Tapered pins that fit in tapered holes indicate deviations from prescribed lengths. Method both helps to ensure precision of finished structures and minimizes residual stresses within structures.

Effect of moisture cycling on truss-plate joint behavior

Treesearch

Leslie H. Groom

1994-01-01

The structural performance of wood trusses, which are now commonplace in light-frame construction, is dictated in part by the mechanical properties of the truss-plate joints. However, little information exists quantifying the effect of environmental conditions on truss-plate joint properties. The main objective of this paper was to quantify the effect of moisture...

Vibration control by limiting the maximum axial forces in space trusses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chawla, Vikas; Utku, Senol; Wada, Ben K.

1993-01-01

Proposed here is a method of vibration control based on limiting the maximum axial forces in the active members of an adaptive truss. The actuators simulate elastic rigid-plastic behavior and consume the vibrational energy as work. The method is applicable to both statically determinate as well as indeterminate truss structures. However, for energy efficient control of statistically indeterminate trusses extra actuators may be provided on the redundant bars. An energy formulation relating the various control parameters is derived to get an estimate of the control time. Since the simulation of elastic rigid-plastic behavior requires a piecewise linear control law, a general analytical solution is not possible. Numerical simulation by step-by-step integration is performed to simulate the control of an example truss structure. The problems of application to statically indeterminate trusses and optimal actuator placement are identified for future work.

P-1 truss arrival at KSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

The P-1 truss, a component of the International Space Station, is moved from the Shuttle Landing Facility toward the newly constructed RLV hangar (viewed here from inside the hangar) as precaution against bad weather approaching the Center (background). The truss will eventually be transferred to the Operations and Checkout Building for processing. In the background is the Super Guppy transport that brought it to KSC. The P-1 truss, scheduled to fly in spring of 2002, is part of a total 10-truss, girder-like structure on the Station that will ultimately extend the length of a football field. Astronauts will attach the 14-by-15 foot structure to the port side of the center truss, S0, during the spring assembly flight. The 33,000-pound P- 1 will house the thermal radiator rotating joint (TRRJ) that will rotate the Station's radiators away from the sun to increase their maximum cooling efficiency.

Installation of the S1 Truss to the International Space Station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Astronauts Piers J. Sellers (left ) and David A. Wolf work on the newly installed Starboard One (S1) truss to the International Space Station (ISS) during the STS-112 mission. The primary payloads of this mission, ISS Assembly Mission 9A, were the Integrated Truss Assembly S1 (S One), the starboard side thermal radiator truss, and the Crew Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) cart to the ISS. The S1 truss provides structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels, which use ammonia to cool the Station's complex power system. The S1 truss was attached to the S0 (S Zero) truss, which was launched on April 8, 2002 aboard the STS-110, and flows 637 pounds of anhydrous ammonia through three heat-rejection radiators. The truss is 45-feet long, 15-feet wide, 10-feet tall, and weighs approximately 32,000 pounds. The CETA cart was attached to the Mobil Transporter and will be used by assembly crews on later missions. Manufactured by the Boeing Company in Huntington Beach, California, the truss primary structure was transferred to the Marshall Space Flight Center in February 1999 for hardware installations and manufacturing acceptance testing. The launch of the STS-112 mission occurred on October 7, 2002, and its 11-day mission ended on October 18, 2002.

A design procedure for a tension-wire stiffened truss-column

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Greene, W. H.

1980-01-01

A deployable, tension wire stiffened, truss column configuration was considered for space structure applications. An analytical procedure, developed for design of the truss column and exercised in numerical studies, was based on equivalent beam stiffness coefficients in the classical analysis for an initially imperfect beam column. Failure constraints were formulated to be used in a combined weight/strength and nonlinear mathematical programming automated design procedure to determine the minimum mass column for a particular combination of design load and length. Numerical studies gave the mass characteristics of the truss column for broad ranges of load and length. Comparisons of the truss column with a baseline tubular column used a special structural efficiency parameter for this class of columns.

Comparison of structural performance of one- and two-bay rotary joints for truss applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vail, J. Douglas; Lake, Mark S.

1991-01-01

The structural performance of one- and two-bay large-diameter discrete-bearing rotary joints was addressed for application to truss-beam structures such as the Space Station Freedom. Finite element analyses are performed to determine values for rotary joint parameters that give the same bending vibration frequency as the parent truss beam. The structural masses and maximum internal loads of these joints are compared to determine their relative structural efficiency. Results indicate that no significant difference exists in the masse of one- and two-bay rotary joints. This conclusion is reinforced with closed-form calculations of rotary joint structural efficiency in extension. Also, transition truss-member loads are higher in the one-bay rotary joint. However, because of the increased buckling strength of these members, the external load-carrying capability of the one-bay concept is higher than that of the two-bay concept.

The P4 truss is moved to a workstand in the SSPF

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

Suspended by an overhead crane in the Space Station Processing Facility, the International Space Station's P4 truss moves toward a workstand. Below and behind it on the floor is the Multi- Purpose Logistics Module Raffaello, another segment of the Space Station. Part of the 10-truss, girder-like structure that will ultimately extend the length of a football field, the P4 is the second port truss segment that will attach to the first port truss segment (P1 truss). The P4 is scheduled for mission 12A in September 2002.

The damper placement problem for large flexible space structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kincaid, Rex K.

1992-01-01

The damper placement problem for large flexible space truss structures is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem. The objective is to determine the p truss members of the structure to replace with active (or passive) dampers so that the modal damping ratio is as large as possible for all significant modes of vibration. Equivalently, given a strain energy matrix with rows indexed on the modes and the columns indexed on the truss members, we seek to find the set of p columns such that the smallest row sum, over the p columns, is maximized. We develop a tabu search heuristic for the damper placement problems on the Controls Structures Interaction (CSI) Phase 1 Evolutionary Model (10 modes and 1507 truss members). The resulting solutions are shown to be of high quality.

KSC-02PD0336

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-19

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In the Operations and Checkout Building, the Integrated Truss Structure S0 is ready for transport to the launch pad on mission STS-110. Scheduled for launch April 4, the 11-day mission will feature Space Shuttle Atlantis docking with the International Space Station (ISS) and delivering the S0 truss, the centerpiece-segment of the primary truss structure that will eventually extend over 300 feet

KSC-98pc1659

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-11-06

Workers in the Space Station Processing Facility watch as cables and a crane lift the Passive Common Berthing Mechanism (PCBM) before mating it to the Z1 integrated truss structure, a component of the International Space Station (ISS). The Z1 truss will be used for the temporary installation of the P6 truss segment to the Unity connecting module. The P6 truss segment contains the solar arrays and batteries which will provide early station power. The truss is scheduled to be launched aboard STS-92 in late 1999

KSC-98pc1662

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-11-06

Workers in the Space Station Processing Facility look at the Passive Common Berthing Mechanism (PCBM) that will be attached to the Z1 integrated truss structure, a component of the International Space Station (ISS). The truss will be used for the temporary installation of the P6 truss segment to the Unity connecting module. The P6 truss segment contains the solar arrays and batteries which will provide early station power. The truss is scheduled to be launched aboard STS-92 in late 1999

KSC-98pc1658

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-11-06

Workers in the Space Station Processing Facility look at the Passive Common Berthing Mechanism (PCBM) that will be attached to the Z1 integrated truss structure, a component of the International Space Station (ISS). The Z1 truss will be used for the temporary installation of the P6 truss segment to the Unity connecting module. The P6 truss segment contains the solar arrays and batteries which will provide early station power. The truss is scheduled to be launched aboard STS-92 in late 1999

Robotic space construction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mixon, Randolph W.; Hankins, Walter W., III; Wise, Marion A.

1988-01-01

Research at Langley AFB concerning automated space assembly is reviewed, including a Space Shuttle experiment to test astronaut ability to assemble a repetitive truss structure, testing the use of teleoperated manipulators to construct the Assembly Concept for Construction of Erectable Space Structures I truss, and assessment of the basic characteristics of manipulator assembly operations. Other research topics include the simultaneous coordinated control of dual-arm manipulators and the automated assembly of candidate Space Station trusses. Consideration is given to the construction of an Automated Space Assembly Laboratory to study and develop the algorithms, procedures, special purpose hardware, and processes needed for automated truss assembly.

Adaptive Control of Truss Structures for Gossamer Spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yang, Bong-Jun; Calise, Anthony J.; Craig, James I.; Whorton, Mark S.

2007-01-01

Neural network-based adaptive control is considered for active control of a highly flexible truss structure which may be used to support solar sail membranes. The objective is to suppress unwanted vibrations in SAFE (Solar Array Flight Experiment) boom, a test-bed located at NASA. Compared to previous tests that restrained truss structures in planar motion, full three dimensional motions are tested. Experimental results illustrate the potential of adaptive control in compensating for nonlinear actuation and modeling error, and in rejecting external disturbances.

The control of flexible structure vibrations using a cantilevered adaptive truss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wynn, Robert H., Jr.; Robertshaw, Harry H.

1991-01-01

Analytical and experimental procedures and design tools are presented for the control of flexible structure vibrations using a cantilevered adaptive truss. Simulated and experimental data are examined for three types of structures: a slender beam, a single curved beam, and two curved beams. The adaptive truss is shown to produce a 6,000-percent increase in damping, demonstrating its potential in vibration control. Good agreement is obtained between the simulated and experimental data, thus validating the modeling methods.

Choice of rational structural solution for smart innovative suspension structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goremikins, V.; Serdjuks, D.; Buka-Vaivade, K.; Pakrastins, L.

2017-10-01

Choice of the rational structural solution for smart innovative suspension structure was carried out. The prestressed cable trusses and cross-laminated timber panels were considered as the main load bearing members for the smart innovative suspension structure. The FEM model, which enables to predict behaviours of the structure, was developed in the programme ANSYS v12. Structural solutions that are differed by the lattice configuration of the cable truss and placement of cross-laminated timber panels were considered. The variant of the cable truss with the vertical suspenders and chords joined in the middle of the span was chosen as the best one. It was shown, that placement of cross-laminated timber panels by the bottom chord of the prestressed cable truss enables to decrease materials consumption by 16.7% in comparison with the variant, where the panels are placed by the top chord. It was stated, that the materials consumption decrease by 17.3% in the case, when common work of the prestressed cable trusses and cross-laminated timber panels is taken into account. The cross-laminated timber panels are working in the both directions. Physical model of the structure with the span equal to 2 m was developed for checking of numerically obtained results.

32. LOWER CHORD / FLOOR STRUCTURE DETAIL OF THROUGH TRUSS. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

32. LOWER CHORD / FLOOR STRUCTURE DETAIL OF THROUGH TRUSS. VIEW TO NORTH. - Abraham Lincoln Memorial Bridge, Spanning Missouri River on Highway 30 between Nebraska & Iowa, Blair, Washington County, NE

31. LOWER CHORD / FLOOR STRUCTURE DETAIL OF THROUGH TRUSS. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

31. LOWER CHORD / FLOOR STRUCTURE DETAIL OF THROUGH TRUSS. VIEW TO NORTH. - Abraham Lincoln Memorial Bridge, Spanning Missouri River on Highway 30 between Nebraska & Iowa, Blair, Washington County, NE

A crane moves toward the S0 truss to transfer it to a workstand in the O&C Bldg.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

Inside the Operations and Checkout Bldg. (O&C), an overhead crane is centered over the S0 truss segment before lowering. The crane will move it to a workstand in the O&C where it will undergo processing. In the foreground is the protective cover just removed. During the processing, the Canadian Mobile Transporter, power distribution system modules, a heat pipe radiator for cooling, computers, and a pair of rate gyroscopes will be installed. Four Global Positioning System antennas are already installed. A 44- by 15-foot structure weighing 30,800 pounds when fully outfitted and ready for launch, the truss will be at the center of the ISS 10-truss, girderlike structure that will ultimately extend the length of a football field. Eventually the S0 truss will be attached to the U.S. Lab, 'Destiny,' which is scheduled to be added to the ISS in April 2000. Later, other trusses will be attached to the S0 on-orbit. The S0 truss is scheduled to be launched in the first quarter of 2001 on mission STS-108.

Structural Analysis and Testing of an Erectable Truss for Precision Segmented Reflector Application

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Collins, Timothy J.; Fichter, W. B.; Adams, Richard R.; Javeed, Mehzad

1995-01-01

This paper describes analysis and test results obtained at Langley Research Center (LaRC) on a doubly curved testbed support truss for precision reflector applications. Descriptions of test procedures and experimental results that expand upon previous investigations are presented. A brief description of the truss is given, and finite-element-analysis models are described. Static-load and vibration test procedures are discussed, and experimental results are shown to be repeatable and in generally good agreement with linear finite-element predictions. Truss structural performance (as determined by static deflection and vibration testing) is shown to be predictable and very close to linear. Vibration test results presented herein confirm that an anomalous mode observed during initial testing was due to the flexibility of the truss support system. Photogrammetric surveys with two 131-in. reference scales show that the root-mean-square (rms) truss-surface accuracy is about 0.0025 in. Photogrammetric measurements also indicate that the truss coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is in good agreement with that predicted by analysis. A detailed description of the photogrammetric procedures is included as an appendix.

Structural evaluation of concepts for a solar energy concentrator for Space Station advanced development program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kenner, Winfred S.; Rhodes, Marvin D.

1994-01-01

Solar dynamic power systems have a higher thermodynamic efficiency than conventional photovoltaic systems; therefore they are attractive for long-term space missions with high electrical power demands. In an investigation conducted in support of a preliminary concept for Space Station Freedom, an approach for a solar dynamic power system was developed and a number of the components for the solar concentrator were fabricated for experimental evaluation. The concentrator consists of hexagonal panels comprised of triangular reflective facets which are supported by a truss. Structural analyses of the solar concentrator and the support truss were conducted using finite-element models. A number of potential component failure scenarios were postulated and the resulting structural performance was assessed. The solar concentrator and support truss were found to be adequate to meet a 1.0-Hz structural dynamics design requirement in pristine condition. However, for some of the simulated component failure conditions, the fundamental frequency dropped below the 1.0-Hz design requirement. As a result, two alternative concepts were developed and assessed. One concept incorporated a tetrahedral ring truss support for the hexagonal panels: the second incorporated a full tetrahedral truss support for the panels. The results indicate that significant improvements in stiffness can be obtained by attaching the panels to a tetrahedral truss, and that this concentrator and support truss will meet the 1.0-Hz design requirement with any of the simulated failure conditions.

Research on the Mechanical Properties of a Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer-Steel Combined Truss Structure

PubMed Central

Liu, Pengfei; Zhao, Qilin; Li, Fei; Liu, Jinchun; Chen, Haosen

2014-01-01

An assembled plane truss structure used for vehicle loading is designed and manufactured. In the truss, the glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) tube and the steel joint are connected by a new technology featuring a pretightened tooth connection. The detailed description for the rod and node design is introduced in this paper, and a typical truss panel is fabricated. Under natural conditions, the short-term load test and long-term mechanical performance test for one year are performed to analyze its performance and conduct a comparative analysis for a reasonable FEM model. The study shows that the design and fabrication for the node of an assembled truss panel are convenient, safe, and reliable; because of the creep control design of the rods, not only does the short-term structural stiffness meet the design requirement but also the long-term creep deformation tends towards stability. In addition, no significant change is found in the elastic modules, so this structure can be applied in actual engineering. Although the safety factor for the strength of the composite rods is very large, it has a lightweight advantage over the steel truss for the low density of GFRP. In the FEM model, simplifying the node as a hinge connection relatively conforms to the actual status. PMID:25247203

Research on the mechanical properties of a glass fiber reinforced polymer-steel combined truss structure.

PubMed

Liu, Pengfei; Zhao, Qilin; Li, Fei; Liu, Jinchun; Chen, Haosen

2014-01-01

An assembled plane truss structure used for vehicle loading is designed and manufactured. In the truss, the glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) tube and the steel joint are connected by a new technology featuring a pretightened tooth connection. The detailed description for the rod and node design is introduced in this paper, and a typical truss panel is fabricated. Under natural conditions, the short-term load test and long-term mechanical performance test for one year are performed to analyze its performance and conduct a comparative analysis for a reasonable FEM model. The study shows that the design and fabrication for the node of an assembled truss panel are convenient, safe, and reliable; because of the creep control design of the rods, not only does the short-term structural stiffness meet the design requirement but also the long-term creep deformation tends towards stability. In addition, no significant change is found in the elastic modules, so this structure can be applied in actual engineering. Although the safety factor for the strength of the composite rods is very large, it has a lightweight advantage over the steel truss for the low density of GFRP. In the FEM model, simplifying the node as a hinge connection relatively conforms to the actual status.

13. TOP OF STATIC TEST TOWER VIEW OF STEEL TRUSS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. TOP OF STATIC TEST TOWER VIEW OF STEEL TRUSS STRUCTURE AND OVERHEAD CRANE. - Marshall Space Flight Center, Saturn Propulsion & Structural Test Facility, East Test Area, Huntsville, Madison County, AL

KSC-98pc1661

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-11-06

Still suspended by a crane and cables in the Space Station Processing Facility, yet hidden by the top of the Z1 integrated truss structure, the Passive Common Berthing Mechanism (PCBM) is lowered onto the truss for attachment. Workers at the top of a workstand guide it into place. A component of the International Space Station (ISS), the Z1 truss will be used for the temporary installation of the P6 truss segment to the Unity connecting module. The P6 truss segment contains the solar arrays and batteries which will provide early station power. The truss is scheduled to be launched aboard STS-92 in late 1999

The P-1 truss in the O&C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

Part of the P-1 truss is seen as it rests in a workstand in the Operations and Checkout Building. Scheduled to fly in spring of 2002, the P-1 is part of a total 10-truss, girder-like structure that will ultimately extend the length of a football field. Astronauts will attach the 14- by 15-foot structure to the port side of the center truss, S0, during the spring assembly flight. The 33,000-pound P-1 will house the thermal radiator rotating joint (TRRJ) that will rotate the International Space Station's radiators away from the sun to increase their maximum cooling efficiency.

Mobile remote manipulator vehicle system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bush, Harold G. (Inventor); Mikulas, Martin M., Jr. (Inventor); Wallsom, Richard E. (Inventor); Jensen, J. Kermit (Inventor)

1987-01-01

A mobile remote manipulator system is disclosed for assembly, repair and logistics transport on, around and about a space station square bay truss structure. The vehicle is supported by a square track arrangement supported by guide pins integral with the space station truss structure and located at each truss node. Propulsion is provided by a central push-pull drive mechanism that extends out from the vehicle one full structural bay over the truss and locks drive rods into the guide pins. The draw bar is now retracted and the mobile remote manipulator system is pulled onto the next adjacent structural bay. Thus, translation of the vehicle is inchworm style. The drive bar can be locked onto two guide pins while the extendable draw bar is within the vehicle and then push the vehicle away one bay providing bidirectional push-pull drive. The track switches allow the vehicle to travel in two orthogonal directions over the truss structure which coupled with the bidirectional drive, allow movement in four directions on one plane. The top layer of this trilayered vehicle is a logistics platform. This platform is capable of 369 degees of rotation and will have two astronaut foot restraint platforms and a space crane integral.

Minimum mass design of large-scale space trusses subjected to thermal gradients

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, R. Brett; Agnes, Gregory S.

2006-01-01

Lightweight, deployable trusses are commonly used to support space-borne instruments including RF reflectors, radar panels, and telescope optics. While in orbit, these support structures are subjected to thermal gradients that vary with altitude, location in orbit, and self-shadowing. Since these instruments have tight dimensional-stability requirements, their truss members are often covered with multi-layer insulation (MLI) blankets to minimize thermal distortions. This paper develops a radiation heat transfer model to predict the thermal gradient experienced by a triangular truss supporting a long, linear radar panel in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO). The influence of self-shadowing effects of the radar panel are included in the analysis, and the influence of both MLI thickness and outer covers/coatings on the magnitude of the thermal gradient are formed into a simple, two-dimensional analysis. This thermal model is then used to size and estimate the structural mass of a triangular truss that meets a given set of structural requirements.

Investigation of structural behavior of candidate Space Station structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hedgepeth, John M.; Miller, Richard K.

1989-01-01

Quantitative evaluations of the structural loads, stiffness and deflections of an example Space Station truss due to a variety of influences, including manufacturing tolerances, assembly operations, and operational loading are reported. The example truss is a dual-keel design composed of 5-meter-cube modules. The truss is 21 modules high and 9 modules wide, with a transverse beam 15 modules long. One problem of concern is the amount of mismatch which will be expected when the truss is being erected on orbit. Worst-case thermal loading results in less than 0.5 inch of mismatch. The stiffness of the interface is shown to be less than 100 pounds per inch. Thus, only moderate loads will be required to overcome the mismatch. The problem of manufacturing imperfections is analyzed by the Monte Carlo approach. Deformations and internal loads are obtained for ensembles of 100 example trusses. All analyses are performed on a personal computer. The necessary routines required to supplement commercially available programs are described.

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-10-14

Astronauts Piers J. Sellers (left ) and David A. Wolf work on the newly installed Starboard One (S1) truss to the International Space Station (ISS) during the STS-112 mission. The primary payloads of this mission, ISS Assembly Mission 9A, were the Integrated Truss Assembly S1 (S One), the starboard side thermal radiator truss, and the Crew Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) cart to the ISS. The S1 truss provides structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels, which use ammonia to cool the Station's complex power system. The S1 truss was attached to the S0 (S Zero) truss, which was launched on April 8, 2002 aboard the STS-110, and flows 637 pounds of anhydrous ammonia through three heat-rejection radiators. The truss is 45-feet long, 15-feet wide, 10-feet tall, and weighs approximately 32,000 pounds. The CETA cart was attached to the Mobil Transporter and will be used by assembly crews on later missions. Manufactured by the Boeing Company in Huntington Beach, California, the truss primary structure was transferred to the Marshall Space Flight Center in February 1999 for hardware installations and manufacturing acceptance testing. The launch of the STS-112 mission occurred on October 7, 2002, and its 11-day mission ended on October 18, 2002.

The S1 Truss Prior to Installation on the International Space Station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Being attached to the Canadarm2 on the International Space Station (ISS), the Remote Manipulator System arm built by the Canadian Space Agency, the Integrated Truss Assembly (S1) Truss is suspended over the Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis' cargo bay. Astronauts Sandra H. Magnus, STS-112 mission specialist, and Peggy A. Whitson, Expedition Five flight engineer, used the Canadarm2 from inside the Destiny laboratory on the ISS to lift the S1 truss out of the orbiter's cargo bay and move it into position prior to its installation on the ISS. The primary payloads of this mission, ISS Assembly Mission 9A, were the Integrated Truss Assembly S1 (S One), the starboard side thermal radiator truss, and the Crew Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) cart to the ISS. The S1 truss provides structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels, which use ammonia to cool the Station's complex power system. The S1 truss was attached to the S0 (S Zero) truss, which was launched on April 8, 2002 aboard the STS-110, and flows 637 pounds of anhydrous ammonia through three heat-rejection radiators. The truss is 45-feet long, 15-feet wide, 10-feet tall, and weighs approximately 32,000 pounds. The CETA cart was attached to the Mobil Transporter and will be used by assembly crews on later missions. Manufactured by the Boeing Company in Huntington Beach, California, the truss primary structure was transferred to the Marshall Space Flight Center in February 1999 for hardware installations and manufacturing acceptance testing. The launch of the STS-112 mission occurred on October 7, 2002, and its 11-day mission ended on October 18, 2002.

Stability analysis of truss type highway sign support structures

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-12-01

The design of truss type sign support structures is based on the guidelines provided by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Standard Specifications for Highway Signs, Luminaires and Traffic Signals and the American Inst...

A Teaching Model for Truss Structures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bigoni, Davide; Dal Corso, Francesco; Misseroni, Diego; Tommasini, Mirko

2012-01-01

A classroom demonstration model has been designed, machined and successfully tested in different learning environments to facilitate understanding of the mechanics of truss structures, in which struts are subject to purely axial load and deformation. Gaining confidence with these structures is crucial for the development of lattice models, which…

Newly Installed S-1 Truss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Launched October 7, 2002 aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis, the STS-112 mission lasted 11 days and performed three sessions of Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA). Its primary mission was to install the Starboard (S1) Integrated Truss Structure and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart to the International Space Station (ISS). The S1 truss provides structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels, which use ammonia to cool the Station's complex power system. The S1 truss, attached to the S0 (S Zero) truss installed by the previous STS-110 mission, flows 637 pounds of anhydrous ammonia through three heat rejection radiators. The truss is 45-feet long, 15-feet wide, 10-feet tall, and weighs approximately 32,000 pounds. The CETA is the first of two human-powered carts that will ride along the International Space Station's railway providing a mobile work platform for future extravehicular activities by astronauts. This is a view of the newly installed S1 Truss as photographed during the mission's first scheduled EVA. The Station's Canadarm2 is in the foreground. Visible are astronauts Piers J. Sellers (lower left) and David A. Wolf (upper right), both STS-112 mission specialists.

A loading study of older highway bridges in Virginia. Pt. 1, Steel truss bridge in Allegheny County.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-01-01

A comprehensive field test was conducted on a highway truss bridge in Allegheny County, Virginia, in July 1974. All typical truss members as well as structural members of the bridge floor system were instrumented and unit strains measured when the st...

Detail of tension bars at end posts western truss. Shows ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Detail of tension bars at end posts western truss. Shows adjustable bars at top of structure; diagonal and vertical members on truss are not adjustable. Looking north from civilian land. - Naval Supply Annex Stockton, Daggett Road Bridge, Daggett Road traversing Burns Cut Off, Stockton, San Joaquin County, CA

STS-110 Extravehicular Activity (EVA)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

STS-110 Mission astronaut Rex J. Walheim, accompanied by astronaut Steven L. Smith (out of frame) translates along the Destiny laboratory on the International Space Station (ISS) during the third scheduled EVA session. The duo released the locking bolts on the Mobile Transporter and rewired the Station's robotic arm. The STS-110 mission prepared the ISS for future space walks by installing and outfitting the S0 (S-Zero) Truss and the Mobile Transporter. The 43-foot-long S0 truss weighing in at 27,000 pounds was the first of 9 segments that will make up the Station's external framework that will eventually stretch 356 feet (109 meters), or approximately the length of a football field. This central truss segment also includes a flatcar called the Mobile Transporter and rails that will become the first 'space railroad,' which will allow the Station's robotic arm to travel up and down the finished truss for future assembly and maintenance. The completed truss structure will hold solar arrays and radiators to provide power and cooling for additional international research laboratories from Japan and Europe that will be attached to the Station. Milestones of the S-110 mission included the first time the ISS robotic arm was used to maneuver space walkers around the Station and marked the first time all space walks were based out of the Station's Quest Airlock. It was also the first Shuttle to use three Block II Main Engines. The Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis, STS-110 mission, was launched April 8, 2002 and returned to Earth April 19, 2002.

STS-112 Launch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis hurdles toward space from Launch Pad 39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida for the STS-112 mission. Liftoff occurred at 3:46pm EDT, October 7, 2002. Atlantis carried the Starboard-1 (S1) Integrated Truss Structure and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart A. The S1 was the second truss structure installed on the International Space Station (ISS). It was attached to the S0 truss which was previously installed by the STS-110 mission. The CETA is the first of two human-powered carts that ride along the ISS railway, providing mobile work platforms for future space walking astronauts. The 11 day mission performed three space walks to attach the S1 truss.

The Z1 truss begins its ride up the RSS on Launch Pad 39A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

With the onset of dawn, the payload canister (left) with the Integrated Truss Structure Z1 inside begins its journey up the side of the Rotating Service Structure to the Payload Changeout Room. There the Z1 truss will be removed and later transferred to Space Shuttle Discovery's payload bay. The Z1 truss is the first of 10 that will become the backbone of the International Space Station, eventually stretching the length of a football field. Along with its companion payload, the third Pressurized Mating Adapter, the Z1 is scheduled to be launched aboard Discovery Oct. 5 at 9:38 p.m. EDT.

The Z1 truss begins its ride up the RSS on Launch Pad 39A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

As the sky grows lighter, , the payload canister (left) with the Integrated Truss Structure Z1 inside is slowly lifted up the side of the Rotating Service Structure to the Payload Changeout Room. There the Z1 truss will be removed and later transferred to Space Shuttle Discovery's payload bay. The Z1 truss is the first of 10 that will become the backbone of the International Space Station, eventually stretching the length of a football field. Along with its companion payload, the third Pressurized Mating Adapter, the Z1 is scheduled to be launched aboard Discovery Oct. 5 at 9:38 p.m. EDT.

The Z1 truss is transported to Launch Pad 39A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

At Launch Pad 39A, workers attach umbilical hoses onto the payload canister with the Integrated Truss Structure Z1 inside. The hoses will maintain the environmentally controlled environment while the canister is lifted up the Rotating Service Structure to the Payload Changeout Room. There the Z1 truss will be removed and later transferred to Space Shuttle Discovery's payload bay. The Z1 truss is the first of 10 that will become the backbone of the International Space Station, eventually stretching the length of a football field. Along with its companion payload, the third Pressurized Mating Adapter, the Z1 is scheduled to be launched aboard Discovery Oct. 5 at 9:38 p.m. EDT.

P-1 truss moved to work stand in O&C Building

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

The P-1 truss (top of photo), a component of the International Space Station, nears its work stand in the Operations and Checkout Building where it will undergo processing. Scheduled to fly in spring of 2002, the P-1 is part of a total 10-truss, girder-like structure on the Station that will ultimately extend the length of a football field. Astronauts will attach the 14-by- 15 foot structure to the port side of the center truss, S0, during the spring assembly flight. The 33,000-pound P-1 will house the thermal radiator rotating joint (TRRJ) that will rotate the Station's radiators away from the sun to increase their maximum cooling efficiency.

P-1 truss moved to work stand in O&C Building

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

The P-1 truss, a component of the International Space Station, is lowered into a work stand in the Operations and Checkout Building where it will undergo processing. Scheduled to fly in spring of 2002, the P-1 is part of a total 10-truss, girder-like structure on the Station that will ultimately extend the length of a football field. Astronauts will attach the 14-by-15 foot structure to the port side of the center truss, S0, during the spring assembly flight. The 33,000-pound P-1 will house the thermal radiator rotating joint (TRRJ) that will rotate the Station's radiators away from the sun to increase their maximum cooling efficiency.

Low-cost solar array structure development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wilson, A. H.

1981-06-01

Early studies of flat-plate arrays have projected costs on the order of $50/square meter for installed array support structures. This report describes an optimized low-cost frame-truss structure that is estimated to cost below $25/square meter, including all markups, shipping an installation. The structure utilizes a planar frame made of members formed from light-gauge galvanized steel sheet and is supposed in the field by treated-wood trusses that are partially buried in trenches. The buried trusses use the overburden soil to carry uplift wind loads and thus to obviate reinforced-concrete foundations. Details of the concept, including design rationale, fabrication and assembly experience, structural testing and fabrication drawings are included.

Low-cost solar array structure development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, A. H.

1981-01-01

Early studies of flat-plate arrays have projected costs on the order of $50/square meter for installed array support structures. This report describes an optimized low-cost frame-truss structure that is estimated to cost below $25/square meter, including all markups, shipping an installation. The structure utilizes a planar frame made of members formed from light-gauge galvanized steel sheet and is supposed in the field by treated-wood trusses that are partially buried in trenches. The buried trusses use the overburden soil to carry uplift wind loads and thus to obviate reinforced-concrete foundations. Details of the concept, including design rationale, fabrication and assembly experience, structural testing and fabrication drawings are included.

Vibration control in statically indeterminate adaptive truss structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baycan, C. M.; Utku, Senol; Wada, Ben K.

1993-01-01

In this work vibration control of statically indeterminate adaptive truss structures is investigated. Here, the actuators (i.e., length adjusting devices) that are used for vibration control, work against the axial forces caused by the inertial forces. In statically determinate adaptive trusses no axial force is induced by the actuation. The control problem in statically indeterminate trusses may be dominated by the actuation-induced axial element forces. The creation of actuation-induced axial forces puts the system to a higher energy state, thus aggravates the controls. It is shown that by the usage of sufficient number of slave actuators in addition to the actual control actuators, the actuation-induced axial element forces can be nullified, and the control problem of the statically indeterminate adaptive truss problem is reduced to that of a statically determinate one. It is also shown that the usage of slave actuators saves a great amount of control energy and provides robustness for the controls.

A mobile work station concept for mechanically aided astronaut assembly of large space trusses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heard, W. L., Jr.; Bush, H. G.; Wallson, R. E.; Jensen, J. K.

1983-01-01

This report presents results of a series of truss assembly tests conducted to evaluate a mobile work station concept intended to mechanically assist astronaut manual assembly of erectable space trusses. The tests involved assembly of a tetrahedral truss beam by a pair of test subjects with and without pressure (space) suits, both in Earth gravity and in simulated zero gravity (neutral buoyancy in water). The beam was assembled from 38 identical graphite-epoxy nestable struts, 5.4 m in length with aluminum quick-attachment structural joints. Struts and joints were designed to closely simulate flight hardware. The assembled beam was approximately 16.5 m long and 4.5 m on each of the four sides of its diamond-shaped cross section. The results show that average in-space assembly rates of approximately 38 seconds per strut can be expected for struts of comparable size. This result is virtually independent of the overall size of the structure being assembled. The mobile work station concept would improve astronaut efficiency for on-orbit manual assembly of truss structures, and also this assembly-line method is highly competitive with other construction methods being considered for large space structures.

The International Space Station Photographed During the STS-112 Mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

This image of the International Space Station (ISS) was photographed by one of the crewmembers of the STS-112 mission following separation from the Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis as the orbiter pulled away from the ISS. The newly added S1 truss is visible in the center frame. The primary payloads of this mission, International Space Station Assembly Mission 9A, were the Integrated Truss Assembly S-1 (S-One), the Starboard Side Thermal Radiator Truss,and the Crew Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) cart to the ISS. The S1 truss provides structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels, which use ammonia to cool the Station's complex power system. The S1 truss was attached to the S0 (S Zero) truss, which was launched on April 8, 2002 aboard the STS-110, and flows 637 pounds of anhydrous ammonia through three heat rejection radiators. The truss is 45-feet long, 15-feet wide, 10-feet tall, and weighs approximately 32,000 pounds. The CETA cart was attached to the Mobil Transporter and will be used by assembly crews on later missions. Manufactured by the Boeing Company in Huntington Beach, California, the truss primary structure was transferred to the Marshall Space Flight Center in February 1999 for hardware installations and manufacturing acceptance testing. The launch of the STS-112 mission occurred on October 7, 2002, and its 11-day mission ended on October 18, 2002.

Minimizing distortion and internal forces in truss structures by simulated annealing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kincaid, Rex K.

1989-01-01

Inaccuracies in the length of members and the diameters of joints of large truss reflector backup structures may produce unacceptable levels of surface distortion and member forces. However, if the member lengths and joint diameters can be measured accurately it is possible to configure the members and joints so that root-mean-square (rms) surface error and/or rms member forces is minimized. Following Greene and Haftka (1989) it is assumed that the force vector f is linearly proportional to the member length errors e(sub M) of dimension NMEMB (the number of members) and joint errors e(sub J) of dimension NJOINT (the number of joints), and that the best-fit displacement vector d is a linear function of f. Let NNODES denote the number of positions on the surface of the truss where error influences are measured. The solution of the problem is discussed. To classify, this problem was compared to a similar combinatorial optimization problem. In particular, when only the member length errors are considered, minimizing d(sup 2)(sub rms) is equivalent to the quadratic assignment problem. The quadratic assignment problem is a well known NP-complete problem in operations research literature. Hence minimizing d(sup 2)(sub rms) is is also an NP-complete problem. The focus of the research is the development of a simulated annealing algorithm to reduce d(sup 2)(sub rms). The plausibility of this technique is its recent success on a variety of NP-complete combinatorial optimization problems including the quadratic assignment problem. A physical analogy for simulated annealing is the way liquids freeze and crystallize. All computational experiments were done on a MicroVAX. The two interchange heuristic is very fast but produces widely varying results. The two and three interchange heuristic provides less variability in the final objective function values but runs much more slowly. Simulated annealing produced the best objective function values for every starting configuration and was faster than the two and three interchange heuristic.

Optimal actuator placement in adaptive precision trusses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baycan, C. M.; Utku, S.; Das, S. K.; Wada, B. K.

1992-01-01

Actuator placement in adaptive truss structures is to cater to two needs: displacement control of precision points and preloading the elements to overcome joint slackness. Due to technological and financial considerations, the number of actuators available is much less than the degrees of freedom of precision points to be controlled and the degree of redundancy of the structure. An approach for optimal actuator location is outlined. Test cases to demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme are applied to the Precision Segmented Reflector Truss.

Development of a verification program for deployable truss advanced technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dyer, Jack E.

1988-01-01

Use of large deployable space structures to satisfy the growth demands of space systems is contingent upon reducing the associated risks that pervade many related technical disciplines. The overall objectives of this program was to develop a detailed plan to verify deployable truss advanced technology applicable to future large space structures and to develop a preliminary design of a deployable truss reflector/beam structure for use a a technology demonstration test article. The planning is based on a Shuttle flight experiment program using deployable 5 and 15 meter aperture tetrahedral truss reflections and a 20 m long deployable truss beam structure. The plan addresses validation of analytical methods, the degree to which ground testing adequately simulates flight and in-space testing requirements for large precision antenna designs. Based on an assessment of future NASA and DOD space system requirements, the program was developed to verify four critical technology areas: deployment, shape accuracy and control, pointing and alignment, and articulation and maneuvers. The flight experiment technology verification objectives can be met using two shuttle flights with the total experiment integrated on a single Shuttle Test Experiment Platform (STEP) and a Mission Peculiar Experiment Support Structure (MPESS). First flight of the experiment can be achieved 60 months after go-ahead with a total program duration of 90 months.

Topology and layout optimization of discrete and continuum structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bendsoe, Martin P.; Kikuchi, Noboru

1993-01-01

The basic features of the ground structure method for truss structure an continuum problems are described. Problems with a large number of potential structural elements are considered using the compliance of the structure as the objective function. The design problem is the minimization of compliance for a given structural weight, and the design variables for truss problems are the cross-sectional areas of the individual truss members, while for continuum problems they are the variable densities of material in each of the elements of the FEM discretization. It is shown how homogenization theory can be applied to provide a relation between material density and the effective material properties of a periodic medium with a known microstructure of material and voids.

KSC-99pd0682

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-06-12

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Inside the Operations and Checkout Bldg. (O&C), an overhead crane is centered over the S0 truss segment before lowering. The crane will move it to a workstand in the O&C where it will undergo processing. In the foreground is the protective cover just removed. During the processing, the Canadian Mobile Transporter, power distribution system modules, a heat pipe radiator for cooling, computers, and a pair of rate gyroscopes will be installed. Four Global Positioning System antennas are already installed. A 44by 15-foot structure weighing 30,800 pounds when fully outfitted and ready for launch, the truss will be at the center of the ISS 10-truss, girderlike structure that will ultimately extend the length of a football field. Eventually the S0 truss will be attached to the U.S. Lab, "Destiny," which is scheduled to be added to the ISS in April 2000. Later, other trusses will be attached to the S0 on-orbit. The S0 truss is scheduled to be launched in the first quarter of 2001 on mission STS-108

Optimization of NTP System Truss to Reduce Radiation Shield Mass

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scharber, Luke L.; Kharofa, Adam; Caffrey, Jarvis A.

2016-01-01

The benefits of nuclear thermal propulsion are numerous and relevant to the current NASA mission goals involving but not limited to the crewed missions to mars and the moon. They do however also present new and unique challenges to the design and logistics of launching/operating spacecraft. One of these challenges, relevant to this discussion, is the significant mass of the shielding which is required to ensure an acceptable radiation environment for the spacecraft and crew. Efforts to reduce shielding mass are difficult to accomplish from material and geometric design points of the shield itself, however by increasing the distance between the nuclear engines and the main body of the spacecraft the required mass of the shielding is lessened considerably. The mass can be reduced significantly per unit length, though any additional mass added by the structure to create this distance serves to offset those savings, thus the design of a lightweight structure is ideal. The challenges of designing the truss are bounded by several limiting factors including; the loading conditions, the capabilities of the launch vehicle, and achieving the ideal truss length when factoring for the overall mass reduced. Determining the overall set of mass values for a truss of varying length is difficult since to maintain an optimally designed truss the geometry of the truss or its members must change. Thus the relation between truss mass and length for these loading scenarios is not linear, and instead has relation determined by the truss design. In order to establish a mass versus length trend for various truss designs to compare with the mass saved from the shield versus length, optimization software was used to find optimal geometric properties that still met the design requirements at established lengths. By solving for optimal designs at various lengths, mass trends could be determined. The initial design findings show a clear benefit to extending the engines as far from the main structure of the spacecraft as the launch vehicle's payload volume would allow when comparing mass savings verse the additional structure.

KSC-00dig067

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

After repair of a cracked cleat on the crawler-transporter, Space Shuttle Endeavour finally rests on Launch Pad 39B. To the left is the Rotating Service Structure. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

Design of a welded joint for robotic, on-orbit assembly of space trusses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rule, William K.

1992-12-01

In the future, some spacecraft will be so large that they must be assembled on-orbit. These spacecraft will be used for such tasks as manned missions to Mars or used as orbiting platforms for monitoring the Earth or observing the universe. Some large spacecraft will probably consist of planar truss structures to which will be attached special purpose, self-contained modules. The modules will most likely be taken to orbit fully outfitted and ready for use in heavy-lift launch vehicles. The truss members will also similarly be taken to orbit, but most unassembled. The truss structures will need to be assembled robotically because of the high costs and risks of extra-vehicular activities. Some missions will involve very large loads. To date, very few structures of any kind have been constructed in space. Two relatively simple trusses were assembled in the Space Shuttle bay in late 1985. Here the development of a design of a welded joint for on-orbit, robotic truss assembly is described. Mechanical joints for this application have been considered previously. Welded joints have the advantage of allowing the truss members to carry fluids for active cooling or other purposes. In addition, welded joints can be made more efficient structurally than mechanical joints. Also, welded joints require little maintenance (will not shake loose), and have no slop which would cause the structure to shudder under load reversal. The disadvantages of welded joints are that a more sophisticated assembly robot is required, weld flaws may be difficult to detect on-orbit, the welding process is hazardous, and welding introduces contamination to the environment. In addition, welded joints provide less structural damping than do mechanical joints. Welding on-orbit was first investigated aboard a Soyuz-6 mission in 1969 and then during a Skylab electron beam welding experiment in 1973. A hand held electron beam welding apparatus is currently being prepared for use on the MIR space station.

SPF/DB primary structure for supersonic aircraft (T-38 horizontal stabilizer)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Delmundo, A. R.; Mcquilkin, F. T.; Rivas, R. R.

1981-01-01

The structural integrity and potential cost savings of superplastic forming/diffusion bonding (SPF/DB) titanium structure for future Supersonic Cruise Research (SCR) and military aircraft primary structure applications was demonstrated. Using the horizontal stabilizer of the T-38 aircraft as a baseline, the structure was redesigned to the existing criteria and loads, using SPF/DB titanium technology. The general concept of using a full-depth sandwich structure which is attached to a steel spindle, was retained. Trade studies demonstrated that the optimum design should employ double-truss, sinewave core in the deepest section of the surface, making a transition to single-truss core in the thinner areas at the leading and trailing edges and at the tip. At the extreme thin edges of the surface, the single-truss core was changed to dot core to provide for gas passages during the SPF/DB process. The selected SPF/DB horizontal stabilizer design consisted of a one-piece SPF/DB sinewave truss core panel, a trunnion fitting, and reinforcing straps. The fitting and the straps were mechanically fastened to the SPF/DB panel.

KSC-04pd1478

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-07-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In the Space Station Processing Facility, astronaut Tracy Caldwell (left) assists a technician check out the Pump Flow Control Subsystem (PFCS) before it is installed on the upper deck of the S6 Truss. The PFCS pumps and controls the liquid ammonia used to cool the various Orbital Replacement Units on the Integrated Equipment Assembly that make up the S6 Photo-Voltaic Power Module on the International Space Station (ISS). The fourth starboard truss segment, the S6 Truss measures 112 feet long by 39 feet wide. The solar arrays are mounted on a “blanket” that can be folded like an accordion for delivery to the ISS. Once in orbit, astronauts will deploy the blankets to their full size. When completed, the Station's electrical power system (EPS) will use eight photovoltaic solar arrays to convert sunlight to electricity. Delivery of the S6 Truss, the last power module truss segment, is targeted for mission STS-119.

KSC-04pd1480

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-07-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In the Space Station Processing Facility, astronaut Tracy Caldwell (second from left) assists technicians position the Pump Flow Control Subsystem (PFCS) over the upper deck of the S6 Truss. The PFCS pumps and controls the liquid ammonia used to cool the various Orbital Replacement Units on the Integrated Equipment Assembly that make up the S6 Photo-Voltaic Power Module on the International Space Station (ISS). The fourth starboard truss segment, the S6 Truss measures 112 feet long by 39 feet wide. Its solar arrays are mounted on a “blanket” that can be folded like an accordion for delivery to the ISS. Once in orbit, astronauts will deploy the blankets to their full size. When completed, the Station's electrical power system (EPS) will use eight photovoltaic solar arrays to convert sunlight to electricity. Delivery of the S6 Truss, the last power module truss segment, is targeted for mission STS-119.

KSC-04pd1479

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-07-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In the Space Station Processing Facility, a technician steadies the Pump Flow Control Subsystem (PFCS) as it is lifted and moved toward the S6 Truss. The PFCS pumps and controls the liquid ammonia used to cool the various Orbital Replacement Units on the Integrated Equipment Assembly that make up the S6 Photo-Voltaic Power Module on the International Space Station (ISS). The fourth starboard truss segment, the S6 Truss measures 112 feet long by 39 feet wide. Its solar arrays are mounted on a “blanket” that can be folded like an accordion for delivery to the ISS. Once in orbit, astronauts will deploy the blankets to their full size. When completed, the Station's electrical power system (EPS) will use eight photovoltaic solar arrays to convert sunlight to electricity. Delivery of the S6 Truss, the last power module truss segment, is targeted for mission STS-119.

KSC-04pd1481

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-07-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In the Space Station Processing Facility, astronaut Tracy Caldwell (second from left) assists technicians lower the Pump Flow Control Subsystem (PFCS) into position onto the upper deck of the S6 Truss. The PFCS pumps and controls the liquid ammonia used to cool the various Orbital Replacement Units on the Integrated Equipment Assembly that make up the S6 Photo-Voltaic Power Module on the International Space Station (ISS). The fourth starboard truss segment, the S6 Truss measures 112 feet long by 39 feet wide. Its solar arrays are mounted on a “blanket” that can be folded like an accordion for delivery to the ISS. Once in orbit, astronauts will deploy the blankets to their full size. When completed, the Station's electrical power system (EPS) will use eight photovoltaic solar arrays to convert sunlight to electricity. Delivery of the S6 Truss, the last power module truss segment, is targeted for mission STS-119.

KSC-04pd1482

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-07-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In the Space Station Processing Facility, astronaut Tracy Caldwell (left) assists technicians install the Pump Flow Control Subsystem (PFCS) onto the upper deck of the S6 Truss. The PFCS pumps and controls the liquid ammonia used to cool the various Orbital Replacement Units on the Integrated Equipment Assembly that make up the S6 Photo-Voltaic Power Module on the International Space Station (ISS). The fourth starboard truss segment, the S6 Truss measures 112 feet long by 39 feet wide. Its solar arrays are mounted on a “blanket” that can be folded like an accordion for delivery to the ISS. Once in orbit, astronauts will deploy the blankets to their full size. When completed, the Station's electrical power system (EPS) will use eight photovoltaic solar arrays to convert sunlight to electricity. Delivery of the S6 Truss, the last power module truss segment, is targeted for mission STS-119.

Modular reflector concept study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vaughan, D. H.

1981-01-01

A study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of space erecting a 100 meter paraboloidal radio frequency reflector by joining a number of individually deployed structural modules. Three module design concepts were considered: (1) the deployable cell module (DCM); (2) the modular paraboloidal erectable truss antenna (Mod-PETA); and (3) the modular erectable truss antenna (META). With the space shuttle (STS) as the launch system, the methodology of packaging and stowing in the orbiter, and of dispensing, deploying and joining, in orbit, were studied and the necessary support equipment identified. The structural performance of the completed reflectors was evaluated and their overall operational capability and feasibility were evaluated and compared. The potential of the three concepts to maintain stable shape in the space environment was determined. Their ability to operate at radio frequencies of 1 GHz and higher was assessed assuming the reflector surface to consist of a number of flat, hexagonal facets. A parametric study was performed to determine figure degradation as a function of reflector size, flat facet size, and f/D ratio.

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-10-16

This image of the International Space Station (ISS) was photographed by one of the crewmembers of the STS-112 mission following separation from the Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis as the orbiter pulled away from the ISS. The primary payloads of this mission, International Space Station Assembly Mission 9A, were the Integrated Truss Assembly S1 (S-One), the Starboard Side Thermal Radiator Truss, and the Crew Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) cart to the ISS. The S1 truss provides structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels, which use ammonia to cool the Station's complex power system. The S1 truss was attached to the S0 (S Zero) truss, which was launched on April 8, 2002 aboard the STS-110, and flows 637 pounds of anhydrous ammonia through three heat-rejection radiators. The truss is 45-feet long, 15-feet wide, 10-feet tall, and weighs approximately 32,000 pounds. The CETA cart was attached to the Mobil Transporter and will be used by assembly crews on later missions. Manufactured by the Boeing Company in Huntington Beach, California, the truss primary structure was transferred to the Marshall Space Flight Center in February 1999 for hardware installations and manufacturing acceptance testing. The launch of the STS-112 mission occurred on October 7, 2002, and its 11-day mission ended on October 18, 2002.

STS-110 payload S0 Truss is moved to payload canister in O&C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the Operations and Checkout Building, an overhead crane carries the Integrated Truss Structure S0 to the payload canister which will transport it to the launch pad for mission STS-110. Seen below the truss is the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Donatello, currently not in use. The S0 truss will be part of the payload on Space Shuttle Atlantis. The S0 truss will be attached to the U.S. Lab, 'Destiny,' on the 11-day mission, becoming the backbone of the orbiting International Space Station (ISS). Launch is scheduled for April 4.

The Z1 truss is transported to Launch Pad 39A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

At Launch Pad 39A, the payload canister with the Integrated Truss Structure Z1 inside arrives at the spot under the Rotating Service Structure where the canister can be lifted to the Payload Changeout Room. There the Z1 truss will be removed and later transferred to Space Shuttle Discovery's payload bay. Discovery is at right, sitting atop the Mobile Launcher Platform. The Z1 truss is the first of 10 that will become the backbone of the International Space Station, eventually stretching the length of a football field. Along with its companion payload, the third Pressurized Mating Adapter, the Z1 is scheduled to be launched aboard Discovery Oct. 5 at 9:38 p.m. EDT.

Component mode synthesis and large deflection vibrations of complex structures. [beams and trusses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mei, C.

1984-01-01

The accuracy of the NASTRAN modal synthesis analysis was assessed by comparing it with full structure NASTRAN and nine other modal synthesis results using a nine-bay truss. A NASTRAN component mode transient response analysis was also performed on the free-free truss structure. A finite element method was developed for nonlinear vibration of beam structures subjected to harmonic excitation. Longitudinal deformation and inertia are both included in the formula. Tables show the finite element free vibration results with and without considering the effects of longitudinal deformation and inertia as well as the frequency ratios for a simply supported and a clamped beam subjected to a uniform harmonic force.

Aeroelasticity of Axially Loaded Aerodynamic Structures for Truss-Braced Wing Aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nguyen, Nhan; Ting, Eric; Lebofsky, Sonia

2015-01-01

This paper presents an aeroelastic finite-element formulation for axially loaded aerodynamic structures. The presence of axial loading causes the bending and torsional sitffnesses to change. For aircraft with axially loaded structures such as the truss-braced wing aircraft, the aeroelastic behaviors of such structures are nonlinear and depend on the aerodynamic loading exerted on these structures. Under axial strain, a tensile force is created which can influence the stiffness of the overall aircraft structure. This tension stiffening is a geometric nonlinear effect that needs to be captured in aeroelastic analyses to better understand the behaviors of these types of aircraft structures. A frequency analysis of a rotating blade structure is performed to demonstrate the analytical method. A flutter analysis of a truss-braced wing aircraft is performed to analyze the effect of geometric nonlinear effect of tension stiffening on the flutter speed. The results show that the geometric nonlinear tension stiffening effect can have a significant impact on the flutter speed prediction. In general, increased wing loading results in an increase in the flutter speed. The study illustrates the importance of accounting for the geometric nonlinear tension stiffening effect in analyzing the truss-braced wing aircraft.

KSC-08pd2048

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-07-21

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – In the Space Station Processing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, workers prepare to install the final solar array wing for the International Space Station onto the S6 truss element. Scheduled to launch on the STS-119 mission, space shuttle Discovery will carry the S6 truss segment to complete the 361-foot-long backbone of the International Space Station. The truss includes the fourth pair of solar array wings and electronics that convert sunlight to power for the orbiting laboratory. Launch is targeted for Feb. 12, 2009. Photo credit: NASA/Troy Cryder

Screening actuator locations for static shape control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haftka, Raphael T.

1990-01-01

Correction of shape distortion due to zero-mean normally distributed errors in structural sizes which are random variables is examined. A bound on the maximum improvement in the expected value of the root-mean-square shape error is obtained. The shape correction associated with the optimal actuators is also characterized. An actuator effectiveness index is developed and shown to be helpful in screening actuator locations in the structure. The results are specialized to a simple form for truss structures composed of nominally identical members. The bound and effectiveness index are tested on a 55-m radiometer antenna truss structure. It is found that previously obtained results for optimum actuators had a performance close to the bound obtained here. Furthermore, the actuators associated with the optimum design are shown to have high effectiveness indices. Since only a small fraction of truss elements tend to have high effectiveness indices, the proposed screening procedure can greatly reduce the number of truss members that need to be considered as actuator sites.

The Researches on Damage Detection Method for Truss Structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Meng Hong; Cao, Xiao Nan

2018-06-01

This paper presents an effective method to detect damage in truss structures. Numerical simulation and experimental analysis were carried out on a damaged truss structure under instantaneous excitation. The ideal excitation point and appropriate hammering method were determined to extract time domain signals under two working conditions. The frequency response function and principal component analysis were used for data processing, and the angle between the frequency response function vectors was selected as a damage index to ascertain the location of a damaged bar in the truss structure. In the numerical simulation, the time domain signal of all nodes was extracted to determine the location of the damaged bar. In the experimental analysis, the time domain signal of a portion of the nodes was extracted on the basis of an optimal sensor placement method based on the node strain energy coefficient. The results of the numerical simulation and experimental analysis showed that the damage detection method based on the frequency response function and principal component analysis could locate the damaged bar accurately.

Piezoelectric devices for vibration suppression: Modeling and application to a truss structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Won, Chin C.; Sparks, Dean W., Jr.; Belvin, W. Keith; Sulla, Jeff L.

1993-01-01

For a space structure assembled from truss members, an effective way to control the structure may be to replace the regular truss elements by active members. The active members play the role of load carrying elements as well as actuators. A piezo strut, made of a stack of piezoceramics, may be an ideal active member to be integrated into a truss space structure. An electrically driven piezo strut generates a pair of forces, and is considered as a two-point actuator in contrast to a one-point actuator such as a thruster or a shaker. To achieve good structural vibration control, sensing signals compatible to the control actuators are desirable. A strain gage or a piezo film with proper signal conditioning to measure member strain or strain rate, respectively, are ideal control sensors for use with a piezo actuator. The Phase 0 CSI Evolutionary Model (CEM) at NASA Langley Research Center used cold air thrusters as actuators to control both rigid body motions and flexible body vibrations. For the Phase 1 and 2 CEM, it is proposed to use piezo struts to control the flexible modes and thrusters to control the rigid body modes. A tenbay truss structure with active piezo struts is built to study the modeling, controller designs, and experimental issues. In this paper, the tenbay structure with piezo active members is modelled using an energy method approach. Decentralized and centralized control schemes are designed and implemented, and preliminary analytical and experimental results are presented.

Probabilistic structural analysis of a truss typical for space station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pai, Shantaram S.

1990-01-01

A three-bay, space, cantilever truss is probabilistically evaluated using the computer code NESSUS (Numerical Evaluation of Stochastic Structures Under Stress) to identify and quantify the uncertainties and respective sensitivities associated with corresponding uncertainties in the primitive variables (structural, material, and loads parameters) that defines the truss. The distribution of each of these primitive variables is described in terms of one of several available distributions such as the Weibull, exponential, normal, log-normal, etc. The cumulative distribution function (CDF's) for the response functions considered and sensitivities associated with the primitive variables for given response are investigated. These sensitivities help in determining the dominating primitive variables for that response.

STS-110 Extravehicular Activity (EVA)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

STS-110 Mission astronauts Steven L. Smith (right) and Rex J. Walheim work in tandem on the third scheduled EVA session in which they released the locking bolts on the Mobile Transporter and rewired the Station's robotic arm (out of frame). Part of the Destiny laboratory and a glimpse of the Earth's horizon are seen in the lower portion of this digital image. The STS-110 mission prepared the International Space Station (ISS) for future spacewalks by installing and outfitting the S0 (S-zero) Truss and the Mobile Transporter. The 43-foot-long S0 truss weighing in at 27,000 pounds was the first of 9 segments that will make up the Station's external framework that will eventually stretch 356 feet (109 meters), or approximately the length of a football field. This central truss segment also includes a flatcar called the Mobile Transporter and rails that will become the first 'space railroad,' which will allow the Station's robotic arm to travel up and down the finished truss for future assembly and maintenance. The completed truss structure will hold solar arrays and radiators to provide power and cooling for additional international research laboratories from Japan and Europe that will be attached to the Station. Milestones of the S-110 mission included the first time the ISS robotic arm was used to maneuver spacewalkers around the Station and marked the first time all spacewalks were based out of the Station's Quest Airlock. It was also the first Shuttle to use three Block II Main Engines. The Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis, STS-110 mission, was launched April 8, 2002 and returned to Earth April 19, 2002.

International Space Station (ISS) S1 Truss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Shown here is the International Space Station (ISS) S1 Truss in preparation for installation in the payload bay of the Space Shuttle Atlantis at NASA's Kennedy Space Center )KSC)in Florida. The truss launched October 7, 2002 on the STS-112 mission and will be attached during three spacewalks. Constructed primarily of aluminum, it measures 45 feet long, 15 feet wide, 10 feet tall, and weighs over 27,000 pounds. It is one of nine similar truss segments that, combined, will serve as the Station's main backbone, measuring 356 feet from end to end upon completion. Manufactured by the Boeing Company in Huntington Beach, California, the truss was flown to the Marshall Space Flight Center, in Huntsville, Alabama where brackets, cable trays, fluid tubing, and other secondary components and outfitting items were added. In Huntsville, it was screened for manufacturing flaws, including pressure and leak checking tubing, and electrical checks for cabling, before being shipped to KSC for final hardware installation and testing. The Space Station's labs, living modules, solar arrays, heat radiators, and other main components will be attached to the truss.

Artificial intelligence approach to planning the robotic assembly of large tetrahedral truss structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Homemdemello, Luiz S.

1992-01-01

An assembly planner for tetrahedral truss structures is presented. To overcome the difficulties due to the large number of parts, the planner exploits the simplicity and uniformity of the shapes of the parts and the regularity of their interconnection. The planning automation is based on the computational formalism known as production system. The global data base consists of a hexagonal grid representation of the truss structure. This representation captures the regularity of tetrahedral truss structures and their multiple hierarchies. It maps into quadratic grids and can be implemented in a computer by using a two-dimensional array data structure. By maintaining the multiple hierarchies explicitly in the model, the choice of a particular hierarchy is only made when needed, thus allowing a more informed decision. Furthermore, testing the preconditions of the production rules is simple because the patterned way in which the struts are interconnected is incorporated into the topology of the hexagonal grid. A directed graph representation of assembly sequences allows the use of both graph search and backtracking control strategies.

STS-112 Onboard Photograph of ISS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

This view of the International Space Station (ISS) was photographed by an STS-112 crew member aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis during rendezvous and docking operations. Launched October 7, 2002 aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis, the STS-112 mission lasted 11 days and performed three sessions of Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA). Its primary mission was to install the Starboard (S1) Integrated Truss Structure and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart to the ISS. The S1 truss provides structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels, which use ammonia to cool the Station's complex power system. The S1 truss, attached to the S0 (S Zero) truss, installed by the previous STS-110 mission, flows 637 pounds of anhydrous ammonia through three heat rejection radiators. The truss is 45-feet long, 15-feet wide, 10-feet tall, and weighs approximately 32,000 pounds. The CETA is the first of two human-powered carts that will ride along the railway on the ISS providing a mobile work platform for future extravehicular activities by astronauts.

Application of the ADAMS program to deployable space truss structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Calleson, R. E.

1985-01-01

The need for a computer program to perform kinematic and dynamic analyses of large truss structures while deploying from a packaged configuration in space led to the evaluation of several existing programs. ADAMS (automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems), a generalized program from performing the dynamic simulation of mechanical systems undergoing large displacements, is applied to two concepts of deployable space antenna units. One concept is a one cube folding unit of Martin Marietta's Box Truss Antenna and the other is a tetrahedral truss unit of a Tetrahedral Truss Antenna. Adequate evaluation of dynamic forces during member latch-up into the deployed configuration is not yet available from the present version of ADAMS since it is limited to the assembly of rigid bodies. Included is a method for estimating the maximum bending stress in a surface member at latch-up. Results include member displacement and velocity responses during extension and an example of member bending stresses at latch-up.

Joint U.S./Japan Conference on Adaptive Structures, 1st, Maui, HI, Nov. 13-15, 1990, Proceedings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wada, Ben K. (Editor); Fanson, James L. (Editor); Miura, Koryo (Editor)

1991-01-01

The present volume of adaptive structures discusses the development of control laws for an orbiting tethered antenna/reflector system test scale model, the sizing of active piezoelectric struts for vibration suppression on a space-based interferometer, the control design of a space station mobile transporter with multiple constraints, and optimum configuration control of an intelligent truss structure. Attention is given to the formulation of full state feedback for infinite order structural systems, robustness issues in the design of smart structures, passive piezoelectric vibration damping, shape control experiments with a functional model for large optical reflectors, and a mathematical basis for the design optimization of adaptive trusses in precision control. Topics addressed include approaches to the optimal adaptive geometries of intelligent truss structures, the design of an automated manufacturing system for tubular smart structures, the Sandia structural control experiments, and the zero-gravity dynamics of space structures in parabolic aircraft flight.

Joint U.S./Japan Conference on Adaptive Structures, 1st, Maui, HI, Nov. 13-15, 1990, Proceedings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wada, Ben K.; Fanson, James L.; Miura, Koryo

1991-11-01

The present volume of adaptive structures discusses the development of control laws for an orbiting tethered antenna/reflector system test scale model, the sizing of active piezoelectric struts for vibration suppression on a space-based interferometer, the control design of a space station mobile transporter with multiple constraints, and optimum configuration control of an intelligent truss structure. Attention is given to the formulation of full state feedback for infinite order structural systems, robustness issues in the design of smart structures, passive piezoelectric vibration damping, shape control experiments with a functional model for large optical reflectors, and a mathematical basis for the design optimization of adaptive trusses in precision control. Topics addressed include approaches to the optimal adaptive geometries of intelligent truss structures, the design of an automated manufacturing system for tubular smart structures, the Sandia structural control experiments, and the zero-gravity dynamics of space structures in parabolic aircraft flight.

The Z1 truss is moved to check weight and balance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

In the Space Station Processing Facility, photographers focus on the Integrated Truss Structure Z1, an element of the International Space Station, suspended by a crane overhead. The truss is being moved to another stand to check its weight and balance. The Z1 truss is the first of 10 trusses that will become the backbone of the Space Station, eventually stretching the length of a football field. Along with its companion payload, the third Pressurized Mating Adapter, the Z1 is scheduled to be launched aboard Space Shuttle Discovery Oct. 5 at 9:38 p.m. EDT. The launch will be the 100th in the Shuttle program.

KSC-99pp1191

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-10-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- A KSC transporter moves the Guppy cargo carrier encasing the S1 truss into the Operations and Checkout Building. Manufactured by the Boeing Co. in Huntington Beach, Calif., this component of the International Space Station is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communications systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. Primarily constructed of aluminum, the truss segment is 45 feet long, 15 feet wide and 6 feet tall. When fully outfitted, it will weigh 31,137 pounds. The truss is slated for flight in 2001

STS-112 Astronaut Wolf Participates in EVA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Anchored to a foot restraint on the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) or Canadarm2, astronaut David A. Wolf, STS-112 mission specialist, participates in the mission's first session of extravehicular activity (EVA). Wolf is carrying the Starboard One (S1) outboard nadir external camera which was installed on the end of the S1 Truss on the International Space Station (ISS). Launched October 7, 2002 aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis, the STS-112 mission lasted 11 days and performed three EVAs. Its primary mission was to install the S1 Integrated Truss Structure and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart to the ISS. The S1 truss provides structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels, which use ammonia to cool the Station's complex power system. The S1 truss, attached to the S0 (S Zero) truss installed by the previous STS-110 mission, flows 637 pounds of anhydrous ammonia through three heat rejection radiators. The truss is 45-feet long, 15-feet wide, 10-feet tall, and weighs approximately 32,000 pounds. The CETA is the first of two human-powered carts that will ride along the International Space Station's railway providing a mobile work platform for future extravehicular activities by astronauts.

Sintering of micro-trusses created by extrusion-3D-printing of lunar regolith inks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Taylor, Shannon L.; Jakus, Adam E.; Koube, Katie D.; Ibeh, Amaka J.; Geisendorfer, Nicholas R.; Shah, Ramille N.; Dunand, David C.

2018-02-01

The development of in situ fabrication methods for the infrastructure required to support human life on the Moon is necessary due to the prohibitive cost of transporting large quantities of materials from the Earth. Cellular structures, consisting of a regular network (truss) of micro-struts with ∼500 μm diameters, suitable for bricks, blocks, panels, and other load-bearing structural elements for habitats and other infrastructure are created by direct-extrusion 3D-printing of liquid inks containing JSC-1A lunar regolith simulant powders, followed by sintering. The effects of sintering time, temperature, and atmosphere (air or hydrogen) on the microstructures, mechanical properties, and magnetic properties of the sintered lunar regolith micro-trusses are investigated. The air-sintered micro-trusses have higher relative densities, linear shrinkages, and peak compressive strengths, due to the improved sintering of the struts within the micro-trusses achieved by a liquid or glassy phase. Whereas the hydrogen-sintered micro-trusses show no liquid-phase sintering or glassy phase, they contain metallic iron 0.1-2 μm particles from the reduction of ilmenite, which allows them to be lifted with magnets.

Design of internal support structures for an inflatable lunar habitat

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cameron, Elizabeth A.; Duston, John A.; Lee, David D.

1990-01-01

NASA has a long range goal of constructing a fully equipped, manned lunar outpost on the near side of the moon by the year 2015. The proposed outpost includes an inflatable lunar habitat to support crews during missions longer that 12 months. A design for the internal support structures of the inflatable habitat is presented. The design solution includes material selection, substructure design, assembly plan development, and concept scale model construction. Alternate designs and design solutions for each component of the design are discussed. Alternate materials include aluminum, titanium, and reinforced polymers. Vertical support alternates include column systems, truss systems, suspension systems, and lunar lander supports. Horizontal alternates include beams, trusses, floor/truss systems, and expandable trusses. Feasibility studies on each alternate showed that truss systems and expandable trusses were the most feasible candidates for conceptual design. The team based the designs on the properties of 7075 T73 aluminum. The substructure assembly plan, minimizes assembly time and allows crews to construct the habitat without the use of EVA suits. In addition to the design solutions, the report gives conclusions and recommendations for further study of the inflatable habitat design.

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-10-10

Anchored to a foot restraint on the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) or Canadarm2, astronaut David A. Wolf, STS-112 mission specialist, participates in the mission's first session of extravehicular activity (EVA). Wolf is carrying the Starboard One (S1) outboard nadir external camera which was installed on the end of the S1 Truss on the International Space Station (ISS). Launched October 7, 2002 aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis, the STS-112 mission lasted 11 days and performed three EVAs. Its primary mission was to install the S1 Integrated Truss Structure and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart to the ISS. The S1 truss provides structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels, which use ammonia to cool the Station's complex power system. The S1 truss, attached to the S0 (S Zero) truss installed by the previous STS-110 mission, flows 637 pounds of anhydrous ammonia through three heat rejection radiators. The truss is 45-feet long, 15-feet wide, 10-feet tall, and weighs approximately 32,000 pounds. The CETA is the first of two human-powered carts that will ride along the International Space Station's railway providing a mobile work platform for future extravehicular activities by astronauts.

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-10-10

Launched October 7, 2002 aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis, the STS-112 mission lasted 11 days and performed three sessions of Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA). Its primary mission was to install the Starboard (S1) Integrated Truss Structure and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart to the International Space Station (ISS). The S1 truss provides structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels, which use ammonia to cool the Station's complex power system. The S1 truss, attached to the S0 (S Zero) truss installed by the previous STS-110 mission, flows 637 pounds of anhydrous ammonia through three heat rejection radiators. The truss is 45-feet long, 15-feet wide, 10-feet tall, and weighs approximately 32,000 pounds. The CETA is the first of two human-powered carts that will ride along the International Space Station's railway providing a mobile work platform for future extravehicular activities by astronauts. This is a view of the newly installed S1 Truss as photographed during the mission's first scheduled EVA. The Station's Canadarm2 is in the foreground. Visible are astronauts Piers J. Sellers (lower left) and David A. Wolf (upper right), both STS-112 mission specialists.

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-10-09

Back dropped against a blue and white Earth, the Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis was photographed by an Expedition 5 crew member onboard the International Space Station (ISS) during rendezvous and docking operations. Docking occurred at 10:17 am on October 9, 2002. The Starboard 1 (S1) Integrated Truss Structure, the primary payload of the STS-112 mission, can be seen in Atlantis' cargo bay. Installed and outfitted within 3 sessions of Extravehicular Activity (EVA) during the 11 day mission, the S1 truss provides structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels, which use ammonia to cool the Station's complex power system. The S1 truss, attached to the S0 (S Zero) truss installed by the previous STS-110 mission, flows 637 pounds of anhydrous ammonia through three heat rejection radiators.

STS-110 payload S0 Truss is moved to payload canister in O&C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Workers in the Operations and Checkout Building watch as the Integrated Truss Structure S0 is lowered into the payload canister. The S0 truss will soon be on its way to the launch pad for mission STS-110. Part of the payload on Space Shuttle Atlantis, the S0 truss will be attached to the U.S. Lab, 'Destiny,' on the 11-day mission, becoming the backbone of the orbiting International Space Station (ISS). Launch is scheduled for April 4.

Hinge specification for a square-faceted tetrahedral truss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adams, L. R.

1984-01-01

A square-faceted tetrahedral truss is geometrically analyzed. Expressions are developed for single degree of freedom hinges which allow packaging of the structure into a configuration in which all members are parallel and closely packed in a square pattern. Deployment is sequential, thus providing control over the structure during deployment.

Space truss zero gravity dynamics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Swanson, Andy

1989-01-01

The Structural Dynamics Branch of the Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory in cooperation with the Reduced Gravity Office of the NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (JSC) plans to perform zero-gravity dynamic tests of a 12-meter truss structure. This presentation describes the program and presents all results obtained to date.

A structurally adaptive space crane concept for assembling space systems on orbit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dorsey, John T.; Sutter, Thomas R.; Wu, K. C.

1992-01-01

A space crane concept is presented which is based on erectable truss hardware to achieve high stiffness and low mass booms and articulating-truss joints which can be assembled on orbit. The hardware is characterized by linear load-deflection response and is structurally predictable. The crane can be reconfigured into different geometries to meet future assembly requirements. Articulating-truss joint concepts with significantly different geometries are analyzed and found to have similar static and dynamic performance, which indicates that criteria other than structural and kinematic performance can be used to select a joint. Passive damping and an open-loop preshaped command input technique greatly enhance the structural damping in the space crane and may preclude the need for an active vibrations suppression system.

The International Space Station Photographed During STS-112 Mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

This image of the International Space Station (ISS) was photographed by one of the crewmembers of the STS-112 mission following separation from the Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis as the orbiter pulled away from the ISS. The primary payloads of this mission, International Space Station Assembly Mission 9A, were the Integrated Truss Assembly S1 (S-One), the Starboard Side Thermal Radiator Truss, and the Crew Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) cart to the ISS. The S1 truss provides structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels, which use ammonia to cool the Station's complex power system. The S1 truss was attached to the S0 (S Zero) truss, which was launched on April 8, 2002 aboard the STS-110, and flows 637 pounds of anhydrous ammonia through three heat-rejection radiators. The truss is 45-feet long, 15-feet wide, 10-feet tall, and weighs approximately 32,000 pounds. The CETA cart was attached to the Mobil Transporter and will be used by assembly crews on later missions. Manufactured by the Boeing Company in Huntington Beach, California, the truss primary structure was transferred to the Marshall Space Flight Center in February 1999 for hardware installations and manufacturing acceptance testing. The launch of the STS-112 mission occurred on October 7, 2002, and its 11-day mission ended on October 18, 2002.

Inflatable Space Structures Technology Development for Large Radar Antennas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Freeland, R. E.; Helms, Richard G.; Willis, Paul B.; Mikulas, M. M.; Stuckey, Wayne; Steckel, Gary; Watson, Judith

2004-01-01

There has been recent interest in inflatable space-structures technology for possible applications on U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) missions because of the technology's potential for high mechanical-packaging efficiency, variable stowed geometry, and deployment reliability. In recent years, the DOD sponsored Large Radar Antenna (LRA) Program applied this new technology to a baseline concept: a rigidizable/inflatable (RI) perimeter-truss structure supporting a mesh/net parabolic reflector antenna. The program addressed: (a) truss concept development, (b) regidizable materials concepts assessment, (c) mesh/net concept selection and integration, and (d) developed potential mechanical-system performance estimates. Critical and enabling technologies were validated, most notably the orbital radiation durable regidized materials and the high modulus, inflatable-deployable truss members. These results in conjunction with conclusions from previous mechanical-packaging studies by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Special Program Office (SPO) were the impetus for the initiation of the DARPA/SPO Innovative Space-based Antenna Technology (ISAT) Program. The sponsor's baseline concept consisted of an inflatable-deployable truss structure for support of a large number of rigid, active radar panels. The program's goal was to determine the risk associated with the application of these new RI structures to the latest in radar technologies. The approach used to define the technology maturity level of critical structural elements was to: (a) develop truss concept baseline configurations (s), (b) assess specific inflatable-rigidizable materials technologies, and (c) estimate potential mechanical performance. The results of the structures portion of the program indicated there was high risk without the essential materials technology flight experiments, but only moderate risk if the appropriate on-orbit demonstrations were performed. This paper covers both programs (LRA and ISAT) in two sections, Parts 1 and 2 respectively. Please note that the terms strut, tube, and column are all used interchangeably and refer to the basic strut element of a truss. Also, the paper contains a mix of English and metric dimensional descriptions that reflect prevailing technical discipline conventions and common usage.

A space station Structures and Assembly Verification Experiment, SAVE

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Russell, R. A.; Raney, J. P.; Deryder, L. J.

1986-01-01

The Space Station structure has been baselined to be a 5 M (16.4 ft) erectable truss. This structure will provide the overall framework to attach laboratory modules and other systems, subsystems and utilities. The assembly of this structure represents a formidable EVA challenge. To validate this capability the Space Station Structures/Dynamics Technical Integration Panel (TIP) met to develop the necessary data for an integrated STS structures flight experiment. As a result of this meeting, the Langley Research Center initiated a joint Langley/Boeing Aerospace Company study which supported the structures/dynamics TIP in developing the preliminary definition and design of a 5 M erectable space station truss and the resources required for a proposed flight experiment. The purpose of the study was to: (1) devise methods of truss assembly by astronauts; (2) define a specific test matrix for dynamic characterization; (3) identify instrumentation and data system requirements; (4) determine the power, propulsion and control requirements for the truss on-orbit for 3 years; (5) study the packaging of the experiment in the orbiter cargo bay; (6) prepare a preliminary cost estimate and schedule for the experiment; and (7) provide a list of potential follow-on experiments using the structure as a free flyer. The results of this three month study are presented.

Dynamic analysis of the deployment for mesh reflector deployable antennas with the cable-net structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yiqun; Li, Na; Yang, Guigeng; Ru, Wenrui

2017-02-01

This paper presents a dynamic analysis approach for the composite structure of a deployable truss and cable-net system. An Elastic Catenary Element is adopted to model the slack/tensioned cables. Then, from the energy standpoint, the kinetic energy, elasticity-potential energy and geopotential energy of the cable-net structure and deployable truss are derived. Thus, the flexible multi-body dynamic model of the deployable antenna is built based on the Lagrange equation. The effect of the cable-net tension on the antenna truss is discussed and compared with previous publications and a dynamic deployment analysis is performed. Both the simulation and experimental results verify the validity of the method presented.

KSC-08pd2049

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-07-21

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – In the Space Station Processing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, workers prepare to move the final solar array wing for the International Space Station for installation on the S6 truss element. Scheduled to launch on the STS-119 mission, space shuttle Discovery will carry the S6 truss segment to complete the 361-foot-long backbone of the International Space Station. The truss includes the fourth pair of solar array wings and electronics that convert sunlight to power for the orbiting laboratory. Launch is targeted for Feb. 12, 2009. Photo credit: NASA/Troy Cryder

Graphite composite truss welding and cap section forming subsystems. Volume 2: Program results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

The technology required to develop a beam builder which automatically fabricates long, continuous, lightweight, triangular truss members in space from graphite/thermoplastics composite materials is described. Objectives are: (1) continue the development of forming and welding methods for graphite/thermoplastic (GR/TP) composite material; (2) continue GR/TP materials technology development; and (3) fabricate and structurally test a lightweight truss segment.

Control of resonant frequencies in adaptive structures by prestressing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baycan, Can M.; Utku, Senol; Wada, Ben K.

1992-01-01

The natural vibration frequencies of a structure can be affected by inducing stress in the structure. The success of this kind of control of the resonant frequencies of a truss structure depends on the geometry of the structure. It is shown that in adaptive truss structures the method is effective for vibrations in less stiff directions, such as the normal direction of the plane containing all of the bars of a node, suggesting its applicability for cable, membrane, and thin plate and shell structures.

Ground vibration tests of a high fidelity truss for verification of on orbit damage location techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kashangaki, Thomas A. L.

1992-01-01

This paper describes a series of modal tests that were performed on a cantilevered truss structure. The goal of the tests was to assemble a large database of high quality modal test data for use in verification of proposed methods for on orbit model verification and damage detection in flexible truss structures. A description of the hardware is provided along with details of the experimental setup and procedures for 16 damage cases. Results from selected cases are presented and discussed. Differences between ground vibration testing and on orbit modal testing are also described.

Building Technology Forecast and Evaluation (BTFE). Volume 2. Evaluation of Two Structural Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-11-01

insulative foam ( expanded polystyrene ) strips between each truss. The assembly is held together with 14-gauge wires welded to the trusses on 2-in. centers...structural load bearing qualities expanded polystyrene . No taping and mudding. Ar. ~J~ .wplrtpd( at each irllnfrnPllo Tile I hin- set or float over

Wave propagation in equivalent continuums representing truss lattice materials

DOE PAGES

Messner, Mark C.; Barham, Matthew I.; Kumar, Mukul; ...

2015-07-29

Stiffness scales linearly with density in stretch-dominated lattice meta-materials offering the possibility of very light yet very stiff structures. Current additive manufacturing techniques can assemble structures from lattice materials, but the design of such structures will require accurate, efficient simulation methods. Equivalent continuum models have several advantages over discrete truss models of stretch dominated lattices, including computational efficiency and ease of model construction. However, the development an equivalent model suitable for representing the dynamic response of a periodic truss in the small deformation regime is complicated by microinertial effects. This study derives a dynamic equivalent continuum model for periodic trussmore » structures suitable for representing long-wavelength wave propagation and verifies it against the full Bloch wave theory and detailed finite element simulations. The model must incorporate microinertial effects to accurately reproduce long wavelength characteristics of the response such as anisotropic elastic soundspeeds. Finally, the formulation presented here also improves upon previous work by preserving equilibrium at truss joints for simple lattices and by improving numerical stability by eliminating vertices in the effective yield surface.« less

Verification Test of Automated Robotic Assembly of Space Truss Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rhodes, Marvin D.; Will, Ralph W.; Quach, Cuong C.

1995-01-01

A multidisciplinary program has been conducted at the Langley Research Center to develop operational procedures for supervised autonomous assembly of truss structures suitable for large-aperture antennas. The hardware and operations required to assemble a 102-member tetrahedral truss and attach 12 hexagonal panels were developed and evaluated. A brute-force automation approach was used to develop baseline assembly hardware and software techniques. However, as the system matured and operations were proven, upgrades were incorporated and assessed against the baseline test results. These upgrades included the use of distributed microprocessors to control dedicated end-effector operations, machine vision guidance for strut installation, and the use of an expert system-based executive-control program. This paper summarizes the developmental phases of the program, the results of several assembly tests, and a series of proposed enhancements. No problems that would preclude automated in-space assembly or truss structures have been encountered. The test system was developed at a breadboard level and continued development at an enhanced level is warranted.

Evaluation of boron-epoxy-reinforced titanium tubular truss for application to a space shuttle booster thrust structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Corvelli, N.; Carri, R.

1972-01-01

Results of a study to demonstrate the applicability of boron-epoxy-composite-reinforced titanium tubular members to a space shuttle booster thrust structure are presented and discussed. The experimental results include local buckling of all-composite and composite-reinforced-metal cylinders with low values of diameter-thickness ratio, static tests on composite-to-metal bonded step joints, and a test to failure of a boron-epoxy-reinforced titanium demonstration truss. The demonstration truss failed at 118 percent of design ultimate load. Test results and analysis for all specimens and the truss are compared. Comparing an all-titanium design and a boron-epoxy-reinforced-titanium (75 percent B-E and 25 percent Ti) design for application to the space shuttle booster thrust structure indicates that the latter would weigh approximately 24 percent less. Experimental data on the local buckling strength of cylinders with a diameter-thickness ratio of approximately 50 are needed to insure that undue conservatism is not used in future designs.

Tracking Camera Captures Flames of Space Shuttle Engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

A tracking camera on Launch Pad 39B of the Kennedy Space Center in Florida captures the flames of Space Shuttle Atlantis' three main engines as the Orbiter hurdles into space on mission STS-112. Liftoff occurred at 3:46 pm EDT, October 7, 2002. Atlantis carried the Starboard-1 (S1) Integrated Truss Structure and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart A. The S1 was the second truss structure installed on the International Space Station (ISS). It was attached to the S0 truss which was previously installed by the STS-110 mission. The CETA is the first of two human-powered carts that ride along the ISS railway, providing mobile work platforms for future space walking astronauts. The 11 day mission performed three space walks to attach the S1 truss.

The Z1 truss is placed in stand to check weight and balance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

In the Space Station Processing Facility, the Integrated Truss Structure Z1 rests in the workstand to check its weight and balance. The Z1 truss is the first of 10 trusses that will become the backbone of the International Space Station, eventually stretching the length of a football field. Along with its companion payload, the third Pressurized Mating Adapter, the Z1 is scheduled to be launched aboard Space Shuttle Discovery Oct. 5 at 9:38 p.m. EDT. The launch will be the 100th in the Shuttle program.

The Z1 truss is lowered to stand to check weight and balance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

In the Space Station Processing Facility, an overhead crane lowers the Integrated Truss Structure Z1 onto a workstand to check its weight and balance. The Z1 truss is the first of 10 trusses that will become the backbone of the International Space Station, eventually stretching the length of a football field. Along with its companion payload, the third Pressurized Mating Adapter, the Z1 is scheduled to be launched aboard Space Shuttle Discovery Oct. 5 at 9:38 p.m. EDT. The launch will be the 100th in the Shuttle program.

The Z1 truss is moved to check weight and balance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

In the Space Station Processing Facility, the Integrated Truss Structure Z1, an element of the International Space Station, is moved to another stand to check its weight and balance. The Z1 truss is the first of 10 trusses that will become the backbone of the Space Station, eventually stretching the length of a football field. Along with its companion payload, the third Pressurized Mating Adapter, the Z1 is scheduled to be launched aboard Space Shuttle Discovery Oct. 5 at 9:38 p.m. EDT. The launch will be the 100th in the Shuttle program.

The Z1 truss is moved to check weight and balance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

In the Space Station Processing Facility, the Integrated Truss Structure Z1, an element of the International Space Station, is lifted for moving to another stand to check its weight and balance. The Z1 truss is the first of 10 trusses that will become the backbone of the Space Station, eventually stretching the length of a football field. Along with its companion payload, the third Pressurized Mating Adapter, the Z1 is scheduled to be launched aboard Space Shuttle Discovery Oct. 5 at 9:38 p.m. EDT. The launch will be the 100th in the Shuttle program.

Truss systems and shape optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pricop, Mihai Victor; Bunea, Marian; Nedelcu, Roxana

2017-07-01

Structure optimization is an important topic because of its benefits and wide applicability range, from civil engineering to aerospace and automotive industries, contributing to a more green industry and life. Truss finite elements are still in use in many research/industrial codesfor their simple stiffness matrixand are naturally matching the requirements for cellular materials especially considering various 3D printing technologies. Optimality Criteria combined with Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization is the optimization method of choice, particularized for truss systems. Global locked structures areobtainedusinglocally locked lattice local organization, corresponding to structured or unstructured meshes. Post processing is important for downstream application of the method, to make a faster link to the CAD systems. To export the optimal structure in CATIA, a CATScript file is automatically generated. Results, findings and conclusions are given for two and three-dimensional cases.

Space Station truss structures and construction considerations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mikulas, M. M., Jr.; Croomes, S. D.; Schneider, W.; Bush, H. G.; Nagy, K.; Pelischek, T.; Lake, M. S.; Wesselski, C.

1985-01-01

Although a specific configuration has not been selected for the Space Station, a gravity gradient stabilized station as a basis upon which to compare various structural and construction concepts is considered. The Space Station primary truss support structure is described in detail. Three approaches (see sketch A) which are believed to be representative of the major techniques for constructing large structures in space are also described in detail so that salient differences can be highlighted.

The Structure Of The Gaia Deployable Sunshield Assembly

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pereira, Carlos; Urgoiti, Eduardo; Pinto, Inaki

2012-07-01

GAIA is an ESA mission with launch date in 2013. Its main objective is to map the stars. After launch it will unfold a 10.2 m diameter sunshield .The structure of this shield consists of twelve 3.5 meter long composite trusses which act as scaffold to two multilayer insulation blankets. Due to thermal stability constraints the planarity of the shield must be better than 1.0 mm. The trusses are therefore lightweight structures capable of withstanding the launch loads and once deployed, the thermal environment of the spacecraft with a minimum of distortion. This paper details: • The material selection for the composite structure • Validation of the chosen materials and truss layout • The modification of manufacturing process in order to lightweight the structure • The extensive structural and thermal stability testing The sunshield has been delivered to the satellite prime after successful mechanical, thermal and deployment tests.

KSC-00pp1664

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-07

Workers in the Space Station Processing Facility gather with the crew of mission STS-97, who are holding the symbolic key representing the turnover of the P6 Integrated Truss Structure, part of the payload on their mission. During the ceremony the P6 truss segment was transferred from International Space Station ground operations to the NASA shuttle integration team. Commander Brent Jett (second from right) received the key in the ceremony. Standing with him are (left to right) Mission Specialists Marc Garneau, Joe Tanner and Carlos Noriega, at left; and Pilot Mike Bloomfield, at right. Mission STS-97is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission involves two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at 10:05 p.m. EST

Tests of an alternate mobile transporter and extravehicular activity assembly procedure for the Space Station Freedom truss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heard, Walter L., Jr.; Watson, Judith J.; Lake, Mark S.; Bush, Harold G.; Jensen, J. Kermit; Wallsom, Richard E.; Phelps, James E.

1992-01-01

Results are presented from a ground test program of an alternate mobile transporter (MT) concept and extravehicular activity (EVA) assembly procedure for the Space Station Freedom (SSF) truss keel. A three-bay orthogonal tetrahedral truss beam consisting of 44 2-in-diameter struts and 16 nodes was assembled repeatedly in neutral buoyancy by pairs of pressure-suited test subjects working from astronaut positioning devices (APD's) on the MT. The truss bays were cubic with edges 15 ft long. All the truss joint hardware was found to be EVA compatible. The average unit assembly time for a single pair of experienced test subjects was 27.6 sec/strut, which is about half the time derived from other SSF truss assembly tests. A concept for integration of utility trays during truss assembly is introduced and demonstrated in the assembly tests. The concept, which requires minimal EVA handling of the trays, is shown to have little impact on overall assembly time. The results of these tests indicate that by using an MT equipped with APD's, rapid EVA assembly of a space station-size truss structure can be expected.

STS-112 Astronaut Wolf Participates in EVA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Astronaut David A. Wolf, STS-112 mission specialist, participates in the mission's second session of extravehicular activity (EVA), a six hour, four minute space walk, in which an exterior station television camera was installed outside of the Destiny Laboratory. Launched October 7, 2002 aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis, the STS-112 mission lasted 11 days and performed three EVA sessions. Its primary mission was to install the Starboard (S1) Integrated Truss Structure and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart to the International Space Station (ISS). The S1 truss provides structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels, which use ammonia to cool the Station's complex power system. The S1 truss, attached to the S0 (S Zero) truss installed by the previous STS-110 mission, flows 637 pounds of anhydrous ammonia through three heat rejection radiators. The truss is 45-feet long, 15-feet wide, 10-feet tall, and weighs approximately 32,000 pounds. The CETA is the first of two human-powered carts that will ride along the International Space Station's railway providing a mobile work platform for future extravehicular activities by astronauts.

Structural analysis of three space crane articulated-truss joint concepts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wu, K. Chauncey; Sutter, Thomas R.

1992-01-01

Three space crane articulated truss joint concepts are studied to evaluate their static structural performance over a range of geometric design parameters. Emphasis is placed on maintaining the four longeron reference truss performance across the joint while allowing large angle articulation. A maximum positive articulation angle and the actuator length ratio required to reach the angle are computed for each concept as the design parameters are varied. Configurations with a maximum articulation angle less than 120 degrees or actuators requiring a length ratio over two are not considered. Tip rotation and lateral deflection of a truss beam with an articulated truss joint at the midspan are used to select a point design for each concept. Deflections for one point design are up to 40 percent higher than for the other two designs. Dynamic performance of the three point design is computed as a function of joint articulation angle. The two lowest frequencies of each point design are relatively insensitive to large variations in joint articulation angle. One point design has a higher maximum tip velocity for the emergency stop than the other designs.

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-10-12

Astronaut David A. Wolf, STS-112 mission specialist, participates in the mission's second session of extravehicular activity (EVA), a six hour, four minute space walk, in which an exterior station television camera was installed outside of the Destiny Laboratory. Launched October 7, 2002 aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis, the STS-112 mission lasted 11 days and performed three EVA sessions. Its primary mission was to install the Starboard (S1) Integrated Truss Structure and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart to the International Space Station (ISS). The S1 truss provides structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels, which use ammonia to cool the Station's complex power system. The S1 truss, attached to the S0 (S Zero) truss installed by the previous STS-110 mission, flows 637 pounds of anhydrous ammonia through three heat rejection radiators. The truss is 45-feet long, 15-feet wide, 10-feet tall, and weighs approximately 32,000 pounds. The CETA is the first of two human-powered carts that will ride along the International Space Station's railway providing a mobile work platform for future extravehicular activities by astronauts.

KSC-04pd1476

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-07-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Unpacking of the Pump Flow Control Subsystem (PFCS) begins in the Space Station Processing Facility. The PFCS pumps and controls the liquid ammonia used to cool the various Orbital Replacement Units on the Integrated Equipment Assembly that make up the S6 Photo-Voltaic Power Module on the International Space Station (ISS). The fourth starboard truss segment, the S6 Truss measures 112 feet long by 39 feet wide. Its solar arrays are mounted on a “blanket” that can be folded like an accordion for delivery to the ISS. Once in orbit, astronauts will deploy the blankets to their full size. When completed, the Station's electrical power system will use eight photovoltaic solar arrays to convert sunlight to electricity. Delivery of the S6 Truss, the last power module truss segment, is targeted for mission STS-119.

KSC-04pd1477

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-07-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Technicians attach a crane to the Pump Flow Control Subsystem (PFCS) in the Space Station Processing Facility. The PFCS pumps and controls the liquid ammonia used to cool the various Orbital Replacement Units on the Integrated Equipment Assembly that make up the S6 Photo-Voltaic Power Module on the International Space Station (ISS). The fourth starboard truss segment, the S6 Truss measures 112 feet long by 39 feet wide. Its solar arrays are mounted on a “blanket” that can be folded like an accordion for delivery to the ISS. Once in orbit, astronauts will deploy the blankets to their full size. When completed, the Station's electrical power system (EPS) will use eight photovoltaic solar arrays to convert sunlight to electricity. Delivery of the S6 Truss, the last power module truss segment, is targeted for mission STS-119.

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-11-03

Astronaut Doug Wheelock, STS-120 mission specialist, participated in the mission's fourth session of extravehicular activity (EVA) while Space Shuttle Discovery was docked with the International Space Station (ISS). During the 7-hour and 19-minute space walk, astronaut Scott Parazynski (out of frame), mission specialist, cut a snagged wire and installed homemade stabilizers designed to strengthen the structure and stability of the damaged P6 4B solar array wing. Wheelock assisted from the truss by keeping an eye on the distance between Parazynski and the array. Once the repair was complete, flight controllers on the ground successfully completed the deployment of the array.

Assembly considerations for large reflectors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bush, H.

1988-01-01

The technologies developed at LaRC in the area of erectable instructures are discussed. The information is of direct value to the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) because an option for the LDR backup structure is to assemble it in space. The efforts in this area, which include development of joints, underwater assembly simulation tests, flight assembly/disassembly tests, and fabrication of 5-meter trusses, led to the use of the LaRC concept as the baseline configuration for the Space Station Structure. The Space Station joint is linear in the load and displacement range of interest to Space Station; the ability to manually assemble and disassemble a 45-foot truss structure was demonstrated by astronauts in space as part of the ACCESS Shuttle Flight Experiment. The structure was built in 26 minutes 46 seconds, and involved a total of 500 manipulations of untethered hardware. Also, the correlation of the space experience with the neutral buoyancy simulation was very good. Sections of the proposed 5-meter bay Space Station truss have been built on the ground. Activities at LaRC have included the development of mobile remote manipulator systems (which can traverse the Space Station 5-meter structure), preliminary LDR sun shield concepts, LDR construction scenarios, and activities in robotic assembly of truss-type structures.

KSC-06pd1672

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-26

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - After a several-hour trip from the Canister Rotation Facility, the payload canister arrives on Launch Pad 39B. Inside the canister is the payload for Atlantis and mission STS-115, the Port 3/4 truss segment with two large solar arrays. The canister will be positioned alongside the rotating service structure and beneath the payload changeout room (PCR) for transfer of the truss into the PCR. The payload changeout room provides an environmentally clean or "white room" condition in which to receive a payload transferred from a protective payload canister. After the shuttle arrives at the pad, the rotating service structure will close around it and the payload will then be transferred into Atlantis' payload bay. Atlantis' launch window begins Aug. 28. During its 11-day mission to the International Space Station, the STS-115 crew of six astronauts will install the truss, a 17-ton segment of the space station's truss backbone. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

Hybrid deployable support truss designs for LDR

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hedgepeth, J.

1988-01-01

Concepts for a 20-meter diameter Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) deployable truss backup structure, and analytical predictions of its structural characteristics are discussed. The concept shown is referred to as the SIXPAC; It is a combination of the PACTRUSS concept and a single-fold beam, which would make up the desired backup structure. One advantage of retaining the PACTRUSS concept is its packaging density and its capability for synchronous deployment. Various 2-meter hexagonal panel arrangements are possible for this Hybrid PACTRUSS structure depending on the panel-to-structure attachment strategies used. Static analyses of the SIXPAC using various assumptions for truss designs and panel masses of 10 kg sq meters were performed to predict the tip displacement of the structure when supported at the center. The tip displacement ranged from 0.20 to 0.44 mm without the panel mass, and from 0.9 to 3.9 mm with the panel mass (in a 1-g field). The data indicate that the structure can be adequately ground tested to validate its required performance in space, assuming the required performance in space is approximately 100 microns. The static displacement at the tip of the structure when subjected to an angular acceleration of 0.001 rad/sec squared were estimated to range from 0.8 to 7.5 microns, depending on the type of truss elements.

Detailed view of one (1) end of the swing span, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Detailed view of one (1) end of the swing span, supported on a rest pier, with the span in the closed position and in the train operational mode. Note the end truss bearing where a steel wedge is in the driven position to complete the end bearing arrangement. The wedges are power-driven through the machinery crank arms shown, thus forcing the ends of the swing span truss upward. Note: The top of the old stone pies has been encased with a concrete collar to hold stone masonry together and strengthen truss bearing points. - Bridgeport Swing Span Bridge, Spanning Tennessee River, Bridgeport, Jackson County, AL

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-08-19

Back dropped by the colorful Earth, the International Space Station (ISS) boasts its newest configuration upon the departure of Space Shuttle Endeavor and STS-118 mission. Days earlier, construction resumed on the ISS as STS-118 mission specialists and the Expedition 15 crew completed installation of the Starboard 5 (S-5) truss segment, removed a faulty Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG-3), installed a new CMG into the Z1 truss, relocated the S-band Antenna Sub-Assembly from the Port 6 (P6) to Port 1 (P1) truss, installed a new transponder on P1, retrieved the P6 transponder, and delivered roughly 5,000 pounds of supplies.

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-08-19

Back dropped by the blue Earth, the International Space Station (ISS) boasts its newest configuration upon the departure of Space Shuttle Endeavor and STS-118 mission. Days earlier, construction resumed on the ISS as STS-118 mission specialists and the Expedition 15 crew completed installation of the Starboard 5 (S-5) truss segment, removed a faulty Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG-3), installed a new CMG into the Z1 truss, relocated the S-band Antenna Sub-Assembly from the Port 6 (P6) to Port 1 (P1) truss, installed a new transponder on P1, retrieved the P6 transponder, and delivered roughly 5,000 pounds of equipment and supplies.

Control of a flexible planar truss using proof mass actuators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Minas, Constantinos; Garcia, Ephrahim; Inman, Daniel J.

1989-01-01

A flexible structure was modeled and actively controlled by using a single space realizable linear proof mass actuator. The NASA/UVA/UB actuator was attached to a flexible planar truss structure at an optimal location and it was considered as both passive and active device. The placement of the actuator was specified by examining the eigenvalues of the modified model that included the actuator dynamics, and the frequency response functions of the modified system. The electronic stiffness of the actuator was specified, such that the proof mass actuator system was tuned to the fourth structural mode of the truss by using traditional vibration absorber design. The active control law was limited to velocity feedback by integrating of the signals of two accelerometers attached to the structure. The two lower modes of the closed-loop structure were placed further in the LHS of the complex plane. The theoretically predicted passive and active control law was experimentally verified.

A study of structural concepts for ultralightweight spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, R. K.; Knapp, K.; Hedgepeth, J. M.

1984-01-01

Structural concepts for ultralightweight spacecraft were studied. Concepts for ultralightweight space structures were identified and the validity of heir potential application in advanced spacecraft was assessed. The following topics were investigated: (1) membrane wrinkling under pretensioning; (2) load-carrying capability of pressurized tubes; (3) equilibrium of a precompressed rim; (4) design of an inflated reflector spacecraft; (5) general instability of a rim; and (6) structural analysis of a pressurized isotensoid column. The design approaches for a paraboloidal reflector spacecraft included a spin-stiffened design, both inflated and truss central columns, and to include both deep truss and rim-stiffened geodesic designs. The spinning spacecraft analysis is included, and the two truss designs are covered. The performances of four different approaches to the structural design of a paraboloidal reflector spacecraft are compared. The spinning and inflated configurations result in very low total masses and some concerns about their performance due to unresolved questions about dynamic stability and lifetimes, respectively.

Nanocrystalline Aluminum Truss Cores for Lightweight Sandwich Structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schaedler, Tobias A.; Chan, Lisa J.; Clough, Eric C.; Stilke, Morgan A.; Hundley, Jacob M.; Masur, Lawrence J.

2017-12-01

Substitution of conventional honeycomb composite sandwich structures with lighter alternatives has the potential to reduce the mass of future vehicles. Here we demonstrate nanocrystalline aluminum-manganese truss cores that achieve 2-4 times higher strength than aluminum alloy 5056 honeycombs of the same density. The scalable fabrication approach starts with additive manufacturing of polymer templates, followed by electrodeposition of nanocrystalline Al-Mn alloy, removal of the polymer, and facesheet integration. This facilitates curved and net-shaped sandwich structures, as well as co-curing of the facesheets, which eliminates the need for extra adhesive. The nanocrystalline Al-Mn alloy thin-film material exhibits high strength and ductility and can be converted into a three-dimensional hollow truss structure with this approach. Ultra-lightweight sandwich structures are of interest for a range of applications in aerospace, such as fairings, wings, and flaps, as well as for the automotive and sports industries.

The Z1 truss is moved to check weight and balance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

In the Space Station Processing Facility, workers watch as the Integrated Truss Structure Z1, an element of the International Space Station, is moved to another stand to check its weight and balance. The Z1 truss is the first of 10 trusses that will become the backbone of the Space Station, eventually stretching the length of a football field. Along with its companion payload, the third Pressurized Mating Adapter, the Z1 is scheduled to be launched aboard Space Shuttle Discovery Oct. 5 at 9:38 p.m. EDT. The launch will be the 100th in the Shuttle program.

The Z1 truss is lifted up the RSS on Launch Pad 39A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

With its umbilical hoses stretched out, the payload canister (left) with the Integrated Truss Structure Z1 inside nears the top of the passage to the Payload Changeout Room. There the Z1 truss will be removed and later transferred to Space Shuttle Discovery's payload bay. The Z1 truss is the first of 10 that will become the backbone of the International Space Station, eventually stretching the length of a football field. Along with its companion payload, the third Pressurized Mating Adapter, the Z1 is scheduled to be launched aboard Discovery Oct. 5 at 9:38 p.m. EDT.

Study of a trussed girder composed of a reinforced plastic.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-01-01

The structural behavior of a series of laboratory test specimens was investigated to determine the ultimate strength, the deformation characteristics, and the mode of failure of a trussed girder composed of glass fiber reinforced polyester resin. Com...

Deployable M-braced truss structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mikulas, M. M., Jr. (Inventor); Rhodes, M. D. (Inventor)

1986-01-01

A deployable M-braced truss structure, efficiently packaged into a compact stowed position and expandable to an operative position at the use site is described. The M-braced configuration effectively separates tension compression and shear in the structure and permits efficient structural design. Both diagonals and longerons telescope from an M-braced base unit and deploy either pneumatically, mechanically by springs or cables, or by powered reciprocating mechanisms. Upon full deployment, the diagonals and longerons lock into place with a simple latch mechanism.

KSC-00dig069

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

Space Shuttle Endeavour finally rests on Launch Pad 39B after its rollout was stalled several hours to fix a broken cleat on the crawler-transporter. At the far left is the Rotating Service Structure. From the Fixed Service Structure, the Orbiter Access Arm is already extended to the orbiter. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC-00padig057

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Perched atop the Mobile Launcher Platform, Space Shuttle Endeavour passes through the gate to Launch Pad 39B. To the right of the pad is a 290-foot tall water tower. To the left is the Fixed Service Structure and Rotating Service Structure. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC-00padig056

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Perched atop the Mobile Launcher Platform, Space Shuttle Endeavour is nearly through the gate to Launch Pad 39B. To the right of the pad is a 290-foot tall water tower. To the left is the Fixed Service Structure and Rotating Service Structure. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC-00dig068

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

Space Shuttle Endeavour finally rests on Launch Pad 39B after its rollout was stalled several hours to fix a broken cleat on the crawler-transporter. To the left is the Rotating Service Structure. The Orbiter Access Arm is already extended from the Fixed Service Structure to the orbiter. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC00padig057

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Perched atop the Mobile Launcher Platform, Space Shuttle Endeavour passes through the gate to Launch Pad 39B. To the right of the pad is a 290-foot tall water tower. To the left is the Fixed Service Structure and Rotating Service Structure. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC00padig056

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Perched atop the Mobile Launcher Platform, Space Shuttle Endeavour is nearly through the gate to Launch Pad 39B. To the right of the pad is a 290-foot tall water tower. To the left is the Fixed Service Structure and Rotating Service Structure. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

STS-110 payload S0 Truss is moved to payload canister in O&C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The Integrated Truss Structure S0 arrives at the payload canister in the Operations and Checkout Building for transfer to the launch pad for mission STS-110. Part of the payload on Space Shuttle Atlantis, the S0 truss will be attached to the U.S. Lab, 'Destiny,' on the 11-day mission, becoming the backbone of the orbiting International Space Station (ISS). Launch is scheduled for April 4.

KSC-99pp0773

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-06-18

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Workers in the Operations & Checkout Bldg. (O&C) look over a central component of the International Space Station (ISS), the S0 (S zero) truss. It is undergoing processing in the O&C during which the Canadian Mobile Transporter, power distribution system modules, a heat pipe radiator for cooling, computers, and a pair of rate gyroscopes are being installed. A 44by 15-foot structure weighing 30,800 pounds when fully outfitted and ready for launch, the truss will ultimately extend the length of a football field. Eventually the S0 truss will be attached to the U.S. Lab, "Destiny," which is scheduled to be added to the ISS in April 2000. Later, other trusses will be attached to the S0 on-orbit. The S0 truss is scheduled to be launched in the spring of 2001

Real-time control of geometry and stiffness in adaptive structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ramesh, A. V.; Utku, S.; Wada, B. K.

1991-01-01

The basic theory is presented for the geometry, stiffness, and damping control of adaptive structures, with emphasis on adaptive truss structures. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for stress-free geometry control in statically determinate and indeterminate adaptive discrete structures. Two criteria for selecting the controls are proposed, and their use in real-time control is illustrated by numerical simulation results. It is shown that the stiffness and damping control of adaptive truss structures for vibration suppression is possible by elongation and elongation rate dependent feedback forces from the active elements.

Quick-Connect/Disconnect Joint For Truss Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sprague, Benny B.

1991-01-01

Simple connector used for temporary structures and pipes. Truss connector joins and aligns structural members. Consists of two sections, one flanged and other with mating internal groove. When flanged half inserted in groove, moves lever of trigger mechanism upward. Cone then shoots into grooved half. Attached without tools in less than 2 seconds and taken apart just as quickly and easily. Developed for assembling structures in outer space, also useful for temporary terrestrial structures like scaffolds and portable bleachers. With modifications, used to join sections of pipelines carrying liquids or gases.

Finite element modeling of truss structures with frequency-dependent material damping

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lesieutre, George A.

1991-01-01

A physically motivated modelling technique for structural dynamic analysis that accommodates frequency dependent material damping was developed. Key features of the technique are the introduction of augmenting thermodynamic fields (AFT) to interact with the usual mechanical displacement field, and the treatment of the resulting coupled governing equations using finite element analysis methods. The AFT method is fully compatible with current structural finite element analysis techniques. The method is demonstrated in the dynamic analysis of a 10-bay planar truss structure, a structure representative of those contemplated for use in future space systems.

Seeding the initial population with feasible solutions in metaheuristic optimization of steel trusses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kazemzadeh Azad, Saeid

2018-01-01

In spite of considerable research work on the development of efficient algorithms for discrete sizing optimization of steel truss structures, only a few studies have addressed non-algorithmic issues affecting the general performance of algorithms. For instance, an important question is whether starting the design optimization from a feasible solution is fruitful or not. This study is an attempt to investigate the effect of seeding the initial population with feasible solutions on the general performance of metaheuristic techniques. To this end, the sensitivity of recently proposed metaheuristic algorithms to the feasibility of initial candidate designs is evaluated through practical discrete sizing of real-size steel truss structures. The numerical experiments indicate that seeding the initial population with feasible solutions can improve the computational efficiency of metaheuristic structural optimization algorithms, especially in the early stages of the optimization. This paves the way for efficient metaheuristic optimization of large-scale structural systems.

Concepts and analysis for precision segmented reflector and feed support structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, Richard K.; Thomson, Mark W.; Hedgepeth, John M.

1990-01-01

Several issues surrounding the design of a large (20-meter diameter) Precision Segmented Reflector are investigated. The concerns include development of a reflector support truss geometry that will permit deployment into the required doubly-curved shape without significant member strains. For deployable and erectable reflector support trusses, the reduction of structural redundancy was analyzed to achieve reduced weight and complexity for the designs. The stiffness and accuracy of such reduced member trusses, however, were found to be affected to a degree that is unexpected. The Precision Segmented Reflector designs were developed with performance requirements that represent the Reflector application. A novel deployable sunshade concept was developed, and a detailed parametric study of various feed support structural concepts was performed. The results of the detailed study reveal what may be the most desirable feed support structure geometry for Precision Segmented Reflector/Large Deployable Reflector applications.

The Z1 truss is transported to Launch Pad 39A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

Before dawn, the payload canister (left) with the Integrated Truss Structure Z1 moves slowly up the crawlerway ramp on Launch Pad 39A toward Space Shuttle Discovery in the background. The canister will be lifted up the Rotating Service Structure to the Payload Changeout Room where the Z1 will be removed and transferred to Discovery's payload bay. The Z1 truss is the first of 10 that will become the backbone of the International Space Station, eventually stretching the length of a football field. Along with its companion payload, the third Pressurized Mating Adapter, the Z1 is scheduled to be launched aboard Discovery Oct. 5 at 9:38 p.m. EDT.

The Z1 truss is transported to Launch Pad 39A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

At Launch Pad 39A, the payload canister at left draws closer to the Rotating Service Structure where it will be lifted to the Payload Changeout Room. There its cargo, the Integrated Truss Structure Z1, will be removed and later transferred to Space Shuttle Discovery's payload bay. Discovery is at right, sitting atop the Mobile Launcher Platform. The Z1 truss is the first of 10 that will become the backbone of the International Space Station, eventually stretching the length of a football field. Along with its companion payload, the third Pressurized Mating Adapter, the Z1 is scheduled to be launched aboard Discovery Oct. 5 at 9:38 p.m. EDT.

Swing-arm beam erector (SABER) concept for single astronaut assembly of space structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Watson, J. J.; Heard, W. L., Jr.; Jensen, J. K.

1985-01-01

Results are presented of tests conducted to evaluate a mobile work station/assembly fixture concept that would mechanically assist an astronaut in the on-orbit manual assembly of erectable truss-beams. The concept eliminates astronaut manual translation by use of a motorized work platform with foot restraints. The tests involved assembly of a tetrahedral truss-beam by a test subject in simulated zero gravity (neutral bouyancy in water). A three-bay truss-beam was assembled from 30 aluminum struts with quick-attachment structural joints. The results show that average on-orbit assembly rates of 2.1 struts per minute can be expected for struts of the size employed in these tests.

KSC00pp1353

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-09-13

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- At Launch Pad 39A, workers attach umbilical hoses onto the payload canister with the Integrated Truss Structure Z1 inside. The hoses will maintain the environmentally controlled environment while the canister is lifted up the Rotating Service Structure to the Payload Changeout Room. There the Z1 truss will be removed and later transferred to Space Shuttle Discovery’s payload bay. The Z1 truss is the first of 10 that will become the backbone of the International Space Station, eventually stretching the length of a football field. Along with its companion payload, the third Pressurized Mating Adapter, the Z1 is scheduled to be launched aboard Discovery Oct. 5 at 9:38 p.m. EDT

KSC-00pp1353

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-09-13

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- At Launch Pad 39A, workers attach umbilical hoses onto the payload canister with the Integrated Truss Structure Z1 inside. The hoses will maintain the environmentally controlled environment while the canister is lifted up the Rotating Service Structure to the Payload Changeout Room. There the Z1 truss will be removed and later transferred to Space Shuttle Discovery’s payload bay. The Z1 truss is the first of 10 that will become the backbone of the International Space Station, eventually stretching the length of a football field. Along with its companion payload, the third Pressurized Mating Adapter, the Z1 is scheduled to be launched aboard Discovery Oct. 5 at 9:38 p.m. EDT

Self-stress control of real civil engineering tensegrity structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kłosowska, Joanna; Obara, Paulina; Gilewski, Wojciech

2018-01-01

The paper introduces the impact of the self-stress level on the behaviour of the tensegrity truss structures. Displacements for real civil engineering tensegrity structures are analysed. Full-scale tensegrity tower Warnow Tower which consists of six Simplex trusses is considered in this paper. Three models consisting of one, two and six modules are analysed. The analysis is performed by the second and third order theory. Mathematica software and Sofistik programme is applied to the analysis.

KSC-2009-1096

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-01-11

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- With red umbilical lines attached, the payload containing space shuttle Discovery's S6 truss and solar arrays is lifted up to the Payload Changeout Room, or PCR, on Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The payload will be transferred inside the PCR where it will wait until Discovery rolls out to the pad. Then the payload will be installed in the shuttle's payload bay. Launch of Discovery on the STS-119 mission is scheduled for Feb. 12. During Discovery's 14-day mission, the crew will install the S6 truss segment and its solar arrays to the starboard side of the station, completing the station's backbone, or truss. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

KSC-2009-1097

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-01-11

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- With red umbilical lines attached, the payload containing space shuttle Discovery's S6 truss and solar arrays is lifted up to the Payload Changeout Room, or PCR, on Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The payload will be transferred inside the PCR where it will wait until Discovery rolls out to the pad. Then the payload will be installed in the shuttle's payload bay. Launch of Discovery on the STS-119 mission is scheduled for Feb. 12. During Discovery's 14-day mission, the crew will install the S6 truss segment and its solar arrays to the starboard side of the station, completing the station's backbone, or truss Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

KSC-2009-1098

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-01-11

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- With red umbilical lines attached, the payload containing space shuttle Discovery's S6 truss and solar arrays is lifted up to the Payload Changeout Room, or PCR, on Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The payload will be transferred inside the PCR where it will wait until Discovery rolls out to the pad. Then the payload will be installed in the shuttle's payload bay. Launch of Discovery on the STS-119 mission is scheduled for Feb. 12. During Discovery's 14-day mission, the crew will install the S6 truss segment and its solar arrays to the starboard side of the station, completing the station's backbone, or truss Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

Best practices for the rehabilitation and moving of historic metal truss bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-01-01

The Virginia Department of Transportation and the Department of Historic Resources are responsible for the management of about 30 historic truss bridges. All too often, these structures do not meet today's traffic demands or safety standards. Their g...

KSC-02pd1285

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-09-05

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- After lifting to vertical, the orbiter Atlantis is moved toward the solid rocket booster and external tank below, on top of the Mobile Launcher Platform, for mating before rollout to the launch pad for mission STS-112. Launch is scheduled no earlier than Oct. 2 for the 15th assembly flight to the International Space Station. Atlantis will carry the S1 Integrated Truss Structure, which will be attached to the central truss segment, the S0 truss, during the mission.

KSC-02pd1286

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-09-05

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Suspended from an overhead crane, the orbiter Atlantis is lowered toward the solid rocket booster and external tank below, on top of the Mobile Launcher Platform, for mating before rollout to the launch pad for mission STS-112. Launch is scheduled no earlier than Oct. 2 for the 15th assembly flight to the International Space Station. Atlantis will carry the S1 Integrated Truss Structure, which will be attached to the central truss segment, the S0 truss, during the mission.

Preliminary design of a large tetrahedral truss/hexagonal heatshield panel aerobrake

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dorsey, John T.; Mikulas, Martin M., Jr.

1989-01-01

An aerobrake structural concept is introduced which consists of two primary components: (1) a lightweight erectable tetrahedral support truss; and (2) sandwich hexagonal heatshield panels which, when attached to the truss, form a continuous impermeable aerobraking surface. Generic finite element models and a general analysis procedure to design tetrahedral truss/hexagonal heatshield panel aerobrakes is developed, and values of the aerobrake design parameters which minimize mass and packaging volume for a 120-foot-diameter aerobrake are determined. Sensitivity of the aerobrake design to variations in design parameters is also assessed. The results show that a 120-foot-diameter aerobrake is viable using the concept presented (i.e., the aerobrake mass is less than or equal to 15 percent of the payload spacecraft mass). Minimizing the aerobrake mass (by increasing the number of rings in the support truss) however, leads to aerobrakes with the highest part count.

KSC-00pp1633

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Removal and replacement of the cracked cleat (shoe) on the crawler-transporter (seen here with the Mobile Launcher Platform and Space Shuttle Endeavour on top) is nearly complete. The cracked cleat was noticed during rollout of Endeavour to Launch Pad 39B. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC00pp1633

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Removal and replacement of the cracked cleat (shoe) on the crawler-transporter (seen here with the Mobile Launcher Platform and Space Shuttle Endeavour on top) is nearly complete. The cracked cleat was noticed during rollout of Endeavour to Launch Pad 39B. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

STS-120 Mission Specialist Doug Wheelock During EVA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2007-01-01

Astronaut Doug Wheelock, STS-120 mission specialist, participated in the mission's fourth session of extravehicular activity (EVA) while Space Shuttle Discovery was docked with the International Space Station (ISS). During the 7-hour and 19-minute space walk, astronaut Scott Parazynski (out of frame), mission specialist, cut a snagged wire and installed homemade stabilizers designed to strengthen the structure and stability of the damaged P6 4B solar array wing. Wheelock assisted from the truss by keeping an eye on the distance between Parazynski and the array. Once the repair was complete, flight controllers on the ground successfully completed the deployment of the array.

Wheelock during Expedition 16/STS-120 EVA 4

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-11-03

ISS016-E-009179 (3 Nov. 2007) --- Astronaut Doug Wheelock, STS-120 mission specialist, participates in the mission's fourth session of extravehicular activity (EVA) while Space Shuttle Discovery is docked with the International Space Station. During the 7-hour, 19-minute spacewalk, astronaut Scott Parazynski (out of frame), mission specialist, cut a snagged wire and installed homemade stabilizers designed to strengthen the damaged solar array's structure and stability in the vicinity of the damage. Wheelock assisted from the truss by keeping an eye on the distance between Parazynski and the array. Once the repair was complete, flight controllers on the ground successfully completed the deployment of the array.

Wheelock during Expedition 16/STS-120 EVA 4

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-11-03

ISS016-E-009192 (3 Nov. 2007) --- Astronaut Doug Wheelock, STS-120 mission specialist, participates in the mission's fourth session of extravehicular activity (EVA) while Space Shuttle Discovery is docked with the International Space Station. During the 7-hour, 19-minute spacewalk, astronaut Scott Parazynski (out of frame), mission specialist, cut a snagged wire and installed homemade stabilizers designed to strengthen the damaged solar array's structure and stability in the vicinity of the damage. Wheelock assisted from the truss by keeping an eye on the distance between Parazynski and the array. Once the repair was complete, flight controllers on the ground successfully completed the deployment of the array.

KSC-00padig104

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-28

STS-97 Mission Specialist Carlos Noriega gets help with his boots from suit technician Shelly Grick-Agrella during pre-pack and fit check. Mission STS-97 is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST

KSC-00padig108

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-28

During pre-pack and fit check in the Operations and Checkout Building, STS-97 Commander Brent Jett gets help with his gloves from suit technician Bill Todd. Mission STS-97 is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST

KSC-00padig103

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-28

STS-97 Mission Specialist Joseph Tanner gets help with his boots from suit technician Erin Canlon during check pre-pack and fit check. Mission STS-97 is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST

KSC-00padig106

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-28

STS-97 Pilot Michael Bloomfield gets help with his boots from suit technician Steve Clendenin during pre-pack and fit check. Mission STS-97 is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST

The STS-92 crew is ready to leave KSC after CEIT

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

STS-92 Pilot Pam Melroy poses at the Shuttle Landing Facility before flying back to Houston. She and other crew members completed their Crew Equipment Interface Test activities, looking over their mission payload and related equipment. STS-92 is scheduled to launch Oct. 5 on Shuttle Discovery from Launch Pad 39A on the fifth flight to the International Space Station. Discovery will carry the Integrated Truss Structure (ITS) Z1, the PMA-3, Ku-band Communications System, and Control Moment Gyros (CMGs).

Advanced bridge safety initiative : investigation of floor beam performance in three steel through-truss bridges - task 7.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-08-01

The Advanced Structures and Composites Center at the University of Maine (UMaine) performed live load testing : and rating adjustment factor analysis for three truss bridges. The Maine Department of Transportation (DOT) : indicated that the floor bea...

Onsite Fabrication of Trusses and Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bodle, J. G.; Browning, D. L.; Fisher, J. G.; Hujsak, E. J.; Kleidon, E. H.; Siden, L. E.; Tremblay, G. A.

1982-01-01

Tribeam truss that is strong and light made at site where used. Reinforced plastic members are fabricated by beam-making machine and assembled by assembly and welding machines. Although proposed for space-platform assembly, concept may be useful in terrestrial applications in remote or inaccessible places.

Performance and quality-control standards for composite floor, wall, and truss framing

Treesearch

Gerald A. Koenigshof

1985-01-01

Users must be assured that composite structural members are satisfactory for their intended purposes. Standards are provided for strength, stiffness, durability, and dimensional stability of composite floor, wall, and truss-framing members. Methods for enforcing compliance with the standards are suggested.

Shear properties evaluation of a truss core of sandwich beams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wesolowski, M.; Ludewicz, J.; Domski, J.; Zakrzewski, M.

2017-10-01

The open-cell cores of sandwich structures are locally bonded to the face layers by means of adhesive resin. The sandwich structures composed of different parent materials such as carbon fibre composites (laminated face layers) and metallic core (aluminium truss core) brings the need to closely analyse their adhesive connections which strength is dominated by the shear stress. The presented work considers sandwich beams subjected to the static tests in the 3-point bending with the purpose of estimation of shear properties of the truss core. The main concern is dedicated to the out-of plane shear modulus and ultimate shear stress of the aluminium truss core. The loading of the beam is provided by a static machine. For the all beams the force - deflection history is extracted by means of non-contact optical deflection measurement using PONTOS system. The mode of failure is identified for each beam with the corresponding applied force. A flexural rigidity of the sandwich beams is also discussed based on force - displacement plots.

Weight optimization of large span steel truss structures with genetic algorithm

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mojolic, Cristian; Hulea, Radu; Pârv, Bianca Roxana

2015-03-10

The paper presents the weight optimization process of the main steel truss that supports the Slatina Sport Hall roof. The structure was loaded with self-weight, dead loads, live loads, snow, wind and temperature, grouped in eleven load cases. The optimization of the structure was made using genetic algorithms implemented in a Matlab code. A total number of four different cases were taken into consideration when trying to determine the lowest weight of the structure, depending on the types of connections with the concrete structure ( types of supports, bearing modes), and the possibility of the lower truss chord nodes tomore » change their vertical position. A number of restrictions for tension, maximum displacement and buckling were enforced on the elements, and the cross sections are chosen by the program from a user data base. The results in each of the four cases were analyzed in terms of weight, element tension, element section and displacement. The paper presents the optimization process and the conclusions drawn.« less

Space station preliminary design report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

The results of a 3 month preliminary design and analysis effort is presented. The configuration that emerged consists of a very stiff deployable truss structure with an overall triangular cross section having universal modules attached at the apexes. Sufficient analysis was performed to show feasibility of the configuration. An evaluation of the structure shows that desirable attributes of the configuration are: (1) the solar cells, radiators, and antennas will be mounted to stiff structure to minimize control problems during orbit maintenance and correction, docking, and attitude control; (2) large flat areas are available for mounting and servicing of equipment; (3) Large mass items can be mounted near the center of gravity of the system to minimize gravity gradient torques; (4) the trusses are lightweight structures and can be transported into orbit in one Shuttle flight; (5) the trusses are expandable and will require a minimum of EVA; and (6) the modules are anticipated to be structurally identical except for internal equipment to minimize cost.

Experimental characterization of deployable trusses and joints

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ikegami, R.; Church, S. M.; Keinholz, D. A.; Fowler, B. L.

1987-01-01

The structural dynamic properties of trusses are strongly affected by the characteristics of joints connecting the individual beam elements. Joints are particularly significant in that they are often the source of nonlinearities and energy dissipation. While the joints themselves may be physically simple, direct measurement is often necessary to obtain a mathematical description suitable for inclusion in a system model. Force state mapping is a flexible, practical test method for obtaining such a description, particularly when significant nonlinear effects are present. It involves measurement of the relationship, nonlinear or linear, between force transmitted through a joint and the relative displacement and velocity across it. An apparatus and procedure for force state mapping are described. Results are presented from tests of joints used in a lightweight, composite, deployable truss built by the Boeing Aerospace Company. The results from the joint tests are used to develop a model of a full 4-bay truss segment. The truss segment was statically and dynamically tested. The results of the truss tests are presented and compared with the analytical predictions from the model.

Design, development and fabrication of a deployable/retractable truss beam model for large space structures application

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adams, Louis R.

1987-01-01

The design requirements for a truss beam model are reviewed. The concept behind the beam is described. Pertinent analysis and studies concerning beam definition, deployment loading, joint compliance, etc. are given. Design, fabrication and assembly procedures are discussed.

A case study on the structural assessment of fire damaged building

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Osman, M. H.; Sarbini, N. N.; Ibrahim, I. S.; Ma, C. K.; Ismail, M.; Mohd, M. F.

2017-11-01

This paper presents a case study on the structural assessment of building damaged by fire and discussed on the site investigations and test results prior to determine the existing condition of the building. The building was on fire for about one hour before it was extinguished. In order to ascertain the integrity of the building, a visual inspection was conducted for all elements (truss, beam, column and wall), followed by non-destructive, load and material tests. The load test was conducted to determine the ability of truss to resist service load, while the material test to determine the residual strength of the material. At the end of the investigation, a structural analysis was carried out to determine the new factor of safety by considering the residual strength. The highlighted was on the truss element due to steel behaviour that is hardly been predicted. Meanwhile, reinforced concrete elements (beam, column and wall) were found externally affected and caused its strength to be considered as sufficient for further used of building. The new factor of safety is equal to 2, considered as the minimum calculated value for the truss member. Therefore, this fire damaged building was found safe and can be used for further application.

STS-112 M.S. Yurchikhin suits up for launch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During suitup for launch, STS-112 Mission Specialist Fyodor Yurchikhin shows he is ready for his first Shuttle flight. STS-112 is the 15th assembly flight to the International Space Station, carrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure, the first starboard truss segment, to be attached to the central truss segment, S0, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart A. The CETA is the first of two human-powered carts that will ride along the ISS railway, providing mobile work platforms for future spacewalking astronauts. On the 11-day mission, three spacewalks are planned to attach the S1 truss. Launch is scheduled for 3:46 p.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39B.

A smart end-effector for assembly of space truss structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Doggett, William R.; Rhodes, Marvin D.; Wise, Marion A.; Armistead, Maurice F.

1992-01-01

A unique facility, the Automated Structures Research Laboratory, is being used to investigate robotic assembly of truss structures. A special-purpose end-effector is used to assemble structural elements into an eight meter diameter structure. To expand the capabilities of the facility to include construction of structures with curved surfaces from straight structural elements of different lengths, a new end-effector has been designed and fabricated. This end-effector contains an integrated microprocessor to monitor actuator operations through sensor feedback. This paper provides an overview of the automated assembly tasks required by this end-effector and a description of the new end-effector's hardware and control software.

KSC-00pp1662

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-07

The International Space Station ground operations officially turn over the P6 Integrated Truss Structure to the NASA shuttle integration team in a ceremony in the Space Station Processing Facility. A symbolic key is presented to Brent Jett (at left), commander on mission STS-97, which is taking the P6 to the International Space Station. Next to him are (left to right) Bill Dowdell, mission manager; Mark Sorensen, outboard truss cargo element manager for Boeing; and John Elbon, Boeing ISS director of ground operations at KSC. Among the attendees at left watching the ceremony are other STS-97 crew members (in uniform, from left) Mission Specialists Joe Tanner and Carlos Noriega and Pilot Mike Bloomfield. Mission STS-97is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission involves two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at 10:05 p.m. EST

KSC00pp1662

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-07

The International Space Station ground operations officially turn over the P6 Integrated Truss Structure to the NASA shuttle integration team in a ceremony in the Space Station Processing Facility. A symbolic key is presented to Brent Jett (at left), commander on mission STS-97, which is taking the P6 to the International Space Station. Next to him are (left to right) Bill Dowdell, mission manager; Mark Sorensen, outboard truss cargo element manager for Boeing; and John Elbon, Boeing ISS director of ground operations at KSC. Among the attendees at left watching the ceremony are other STS-97 crew members (in uniform, from left) Mission Specialists Joe Tanner and Carlos Noriega and Pilot Mike Bloomfield. Mission STS-97is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission involves two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at 10:05 p.m. EST

KSC-00pp1661

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-07

Boeing workers officially turn over the P6 Integrated Truss Structure to the NASA shuttle integration team in a ceremony in the Space Station Processing Facility. A symbolic key will be presented to Brent Jett (at left), commander on mission STS-97, which is taking the P6 to the International Space Station. Next to Jett are (left to right) Bill Dowdell, mission manager; Mark Sorensen, outboard truss cargo element manager for Boeing; and John Elbon, Boeing ISS director of ground operations at KSC. Among the attendees at left watching the ceremony are other STS-97 crew members (in uniform, from left) Mission Specialists Joe Tanner and Carlos Noriega and Pilot Mike Bloomfield. Mission STS-97is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission involves two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at 10:05 p.m. EST

Astronaut Sellers Performs STS-112 EVA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Launched October 7, 2002 aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis, the STS-112 mission lasted 11 days and performed three sessions of Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA). Its primary mission was to install the Starboard Side Integrated Truss Structure (S1) and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart to the International Space Station (ISS). The S1 truss provides structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels, which use ammonia to cool the Station's complex power system. The S1 truss, attached to the S0 (S Zero) truss installed by the previous STS-110 mission, flows 637 pounds of anhydrous ammonia through three heat rejection radiators. The truss is 45-feet long, 15-feet wide, 10-feet tall, and weighs approximately 32,000 pounds. The CETA is the first of two human-powered carts that will ride along the International Space Station's railway providing a mobile work platform for future extravehicular activities by astronauts. In this photograph, Astronaut Piers J. Sellers uses both a handrail on the Destiny Laboratory and a foot restraint on the Space Station Remote Manipulator System or Canadarm2 to remain stationary while performing work at the end of the STS-112 mission's second space walk. A cloud-covered Earth provides the backdrop for the scene.

Wireless Laser Range Finder System for Vertical Displacement Monitoring of Mega-Trusses during Construction

PubMed Central

Park, Hyo Seon; Son, Sewook; Choi, Se Woon; Kim, Yousok

2013-01-01

As buildings become increasingly complex, construction monitoring using various sensors is urgently needed for both more systematic and accurate safety management and high-quality productivity in construction. In this study, a monitoring system that is composed of a laser displacement sensor (LDS) and a wireless sensor node was proposed and applied to an irregular building under construction. The subject building consists of large cross-sectional members, such as mega-columns, mega-trusses, and edge truss, which secured the large spaces. The mega-trusses and edge truss that support this large space are of the cantilever type. The vertical displacement occurring at the free end of these members was directly measured using an LDS. To validate the accuracy and reliability of the deflection data measured from the LDS, a total station was also employed as a sensor for comparison with the LDS. In addition, the numerical simulation result was compared with the deflection obtained from the LDS and total station. Based on these investigations, the proposed wireless displacement monitoring system was able to improve the construction quality by monitoring the real-time behavior of the structure, and the applicability of the proposed system to buildings under construction for the evaluation of structural safety was confirmed. PMID:23648650

STS-112 Flight Day 3 Highlights

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

During the third flight day of STS-112 (Commander Jeff Ashby, Pilot Pam Melroy and Mission Specialists Sandy Magnus, Piers Sellers, David Wolf and Fyodor Yurchikhin), the Space Shuttle Atlantis begins its final approach to the International Space Station (ISS) with which it will dock. The Chinese mainland is seen, at night, at a height of 242 statute miles. In one section of video from a camera onboard the ISS, Atlantis can be seen to be almost directly below the station, at a distance of several hundred feet. The orbiter's docking system is shown, as it is slowly guided by Ashby towards the forward docking port on the ISS's Destiny Laboratory Module and its forward docking port. Above the docking port, the S0 truss structure can be seen, to which the S1 truss structure in Atlantis' payload bay will be attached during this mission. Also seen are the Unity airlock and other modules. Following the completion of docking, in which an excellent shot of the docking system in hard dock is visible, the hatches between the two crafts are opened and the members of Atlantis are greeted by the very excited members of Expedition 5, who have been aboard the ISS for several months.

KSC00pp1637

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Space Shuttle Endeavour finally rests on Launch Pad 39B after its rollout was delayed several hours to fix a broken cleat on the crawler-transporter. At the far left is the Rotating Service Structure. From the Fixed Service Structure, the Orbiter Access Arm is already extended to the orbiter. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC-00pp1637

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Space Shuttle Endeavour finally rests on Launch Pad 39B after its rollout was delayed several hours to fix a broken cleat on the crawler-transporter. At the far left is the Rotating Service Structure. From the Fixed Service Structure, the Orbiter Access Arm is already extended to the orbiter. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

STS-112 Crew Interviews: Sellers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Piers Sellers is an Astronaut from Crowborough, UK. His Bachelor of Science degree is in Ecological science from Scotland's University of Edinburgh and his doctorate is in biometeorology from Leeds University in the UK. After two years of intense training, Sellers's first assignment as a Mission Specialist is on Flight 111 STS-112. The goal of this flight is to continue building the International Space Station. Sellers, accompanied by five astronauts, will install the S1 truss of the space station which will take three EVA's, or Extra Vehicular Activities to complete. In EVA 1, the highest priority, the S1 truss will be attached to the space station. EVA 2, the electrical work, will set up the radiator and cooling equipment for the station. EVA 3, the final process of the flight, will prepare the station for the next mission. The primary reason for installing the truss is to change the center of gravity of the station so when the next truss is installed, it will be at a symmetrical point.

Application of Carbon Fibre Truss Technology to the Fuselage Structure of the SKYLON Spaceplane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Varvill, R.; Bond, A.

A reusable SSTO spaceplane employing dual mode airbreathing/rocket engines, such as SKYLON, has a voluminous fuselage in order to accommodate the considerable quantities of hydrogen fuel needed for the ascent. The loading intensity which this fuselage has to withstand is relatively low due to the modest in-flight inertial accelerations coupled with the very low density of liquid hydrogen. Also the requirement to accommo- date considerable temperature differentials between the internal cryogenic tankage and the aerodynamically heated outer skin of the vehicle imposes an additional design constraint that results in an optimum fuselage structural concept very different to conventional aircraft or rocket practice. Several different structural con- cepts exist for the primary loadbearing structure. This paper explores the design possibilities of the various types and explains why an independent near ambient temperature CFRP truss structure was selected for the SKYLON vehicle. The construction of such a truss structure, at a scale not witnessed since the days of the airship, poses a number of manufacturing and design difficulties. In particular the construction of the nodes and their attachment to the struts is considered to be a key issue. This paper describes the current design status of the overall truss geometry, strut construction and manufacturing route, and the final method of assembly. The results of a preliminary strut and node test programme are presented which give confidence that the design targets will eventually be met.

KSC-02pd1913

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-12-11

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- KSC technicians supervise the offloading of the Integrated Equipment Assembly (IEA), one of two major components of the Starboard 6 (S6) truss segment for the International Space Station (ISS), onto a cargo transporter following its arrival at the Shuttle Landing Facility. The IEA will be joined to its companion piece, the Long Spacer, before launch early in 2004. The S6 truss segment will be the 11th and final piece of the Station's Integrated Truss Structure and will support the fourth and final set of solar arrays, batteries, and electronics.

The Z1 truss is ready to be moved into Discovery's payload bay

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

Inside the Payload Changeout Room (PCR), a worker makes sure the Integrated Truss Structure Z1 is ready to be moved into the payload bay of Space Shuttle Discovery. The Z1 truss is the first of 10 that will become the backbone of the International Space Station, eventually stretching the length of a football field. Along with its companion payload, the third Pressurized Mating Adapter, the Z1 is scheduled to be launched aboard Discovery Oct. 5 at 9:38 p.m. EDT.

KSC-02pd1914

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-12-11

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- KSC technicians supervise the transfer of the Integrated Equipment Assembly (IEA), one of two major components of the Starboard 6 (S6) truss segment for the International Space Station (ISS), onto a cargo transporter following its arrival at the Shuttle Landing Facility. The IEA will be joined to its companion piece, the Long Spacer, before launch early in 2004. The S6 truss segment will be the 11th and final piece of the Station's Integrated Truss Structure and will support the fourth and final set of solar arrays, batteries, and electronics.

Modes of interconnected lattice trusses using continuum models, part 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Balakrishnan, A. V.

1991-01-01

This represents a continuing systematic attempt to explore the use of continuum models--in contrast to the Finite Element Models currently universally in use--to develop feedback control laws for stability enhancement of structures, particularly large structures, for deployment in space. We shall show that for the control objective, continuum models do offer unique advantages. It must be admitted of course that developing continuum models for arbitrary structures is no easy task. In this paper we take advantage of the special nature of current Large Space Structures--typified by the NASA-LaRC Evolutionary Model which will be our main concern--which consists of interconnected orthogonal lattice trusses each with identical bays. Using an equivalent one-dimensional Timoshenko beam model, we develop an almost complete continuum model for the evolutionary structure. We do this in stages, beginning only with the main bus as flexible and then going on to make all the appendages also flexible-except for the antenna structure. Based on these models we proceed to develop formulas for mode frequencies and shapes. These are shown to be the roots of the determinant of a matrix of small dimension compared with mode calculations using Finite Element Models, even though the matrix involves transcendental functions. The formulas allow us to study asymptotic properties of the modes and how they evolve as we increase the number of bodies which are treated as flexible. The asymptotics, in fact, become simpler.

Truss Optimization for a Manned Nuclear Electric Space Vehicle using Genetic Algorithms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Benford, Andrew; Tinker, Michael L.

2004-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to utilize the genetic algorithm (GA) optimization method for structural design of a nuclear propulsion vehicle. Genetic algorithms provide a guided, random search technique that mirrors biological adaptation. To verify the GA capabilities, other traditional optimization methods were used to generate results for comparison to the GA results, first for simple two-dimensional structures, and then for full-scale three-dimensional truss designs.

Blasting response of the Eiffel Tower

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Horlyck, Lachlan; Hayes, Kieran; Caetano, Ryan; Tahmasebinia, Faham; Ansourian, Peter; Alonso-Marroquin, Fernando

2016-08-01

A finite element model of the Eiffel Tower was constructed using Strand7 software. The model replicates the existing tower, with dimensions justified through the use of original design drawings. A static and dynamic analysis was conducted to determine the actions of the tower under permanent, imposed and wind loadings, as well as under blast pressure loads and earthquake loads due to an explosion. It was observed that the tower utilises the full axial capacity of individual members by acting as a `truss of trusses'. As such, permanent and imposed loads are efficiently transferred to the primary columns through compression, while wind loads induce tensile forces in the windward legs and compressive forces in the leeward. Under blast loading, the tower experienced both ground vibrations and blast pressures. Ground vibrations induced a negligibly small earthquake loading into the structure which was ignored in subsequent analyses. The blast pressure was significant, and a dynamic analysis of this revealed that further research is required into the damping qualities of the structure due to soil and mechanical properties. In the worst case scenario, the blast was assumed to completely destroy several members in the adjacent leg. Despite this weakened condition, it was observed that the tower would still be able to sustain static loads, at least for enough time for occupant evacuation. Further, an optimised design revealed the structure was structurally sound under a 46% reduction of the metal tower's mass.

Summary of LaRC 2-inch Erectable Joint Hardware Heritage Test Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dorsey, John T.; Watson, Judith J.

2016-01-01

As the National Space Transportation System (STS, also known as the Space Shuttle) went into service during the early 1980's, NASA envisioned many missions of exploration and discovery that could take advantage of the STS capabilities. These missions included: large orbiting space stations, large space science telescopes and large spacecraft for manned missions to the Moon and Mars. The missions required structures that were significantly larger than the payload volume available on the STS. NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) conducted studies to design and develop the technology needed to assemble the large space structures in orbit. LaRC focused on technology for erectable truss structures, in particular, the joint that connects the truss struts at the truss nodes. When the NASA research in large erectable space structures ended in the early 1990's, a significant amount of structural testing had been performed on the LaRC 2-inch erectable joint that was never published. An extensive set of historical information and data has been reviewed and the joint structural testing results from this historical data are compiled and summarized in this report.

Development of magnetostrictive active members for control of space structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Bruce G.; Avakian, Kevin M.; Fenn, Ralph C.; Gaffney, Monique S.; Gerver, Michael J.; Hawkey, Timothy J.; Boudreau, Donald J.

1992-01-01

The goal of this Phase 2 Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) project was to determine the technical feasibility of developing magnetostrictive active members for use as truss elements in space structures. Active members control elastic vibrations of truss-based space structures and integrate the functions of truss structure element, actively controlled actuator, and sensor. The active members must control structural motion to the sub-micron level and, for many proposed space applications, work at cryogenic temperatures. Under this program both room temperature and cryogenic temperature magnetostrictive active members were designed, fabricated, and tested. The results of these performance tests indicated that room temperature magnetostrictive actuators feature higher strain, stiffness, and force capability with lower amplifier requirements than similarly sized piezoelectric or electrostrictive active members, at the cost of higher mass. Two different cryogenic temperature magnetostrictive materials were tested at liquid nitrogen temperatures, both with larger strain capability than the room temperature magnetostrictive materials. The cryogenic active member development included the design and fabrication of a cryostat that allows operation of the cryogenic active member in a space structure testbed.

Development of magnetostrictive active members for control of space structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, Bruce G.; Avakian, Kevin M.; Fenn, Ralph C.; Gaffney, Monique S.; Gerver, Michael J.; Hawkey, Timothy J.; Boudreau, Donald J.

1992-08-01

The goal of this Phase 2 Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) project was to determine the technical feasibility of developing magnetostrictive active members for use as truss elements in space structures. Active members control elastic vibrations of truss-based space structures and integrate the functions of truss structure element, actively controlled actuator, and sensor. The active members must control structural motion to the sub-micron level and, for many proposed space applications, work at cryogenic temperatures. Under this program both room temperature and cryogenic temperature magnetostrictive active members were designed, fabricated, and tested. The results of these performance tests indicated that room temperature magnetostrictive actuators feature higher strain, stiffness, and force capability with lower amplifier requirements than similarly sized piezoelectric or electrostrictive active members, at the cost of higher mass. Two different cryogenic temperature magnetostrictive materials were tested at liquid nitrogen temperatures, both with larger strain capability than the room temperature magnetostrictive materials. The cryogenic active member development included the design and fabrication of a cryostat that allows operation of the cryogenic active member in a space structure testbed.

Experimental validation of a damage detection approach on a full-scale highway sign support truss

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, Guirong; Dyke, Shirley J.; Irfanoglu, Ayhan

2012-04-01

Highway sign support structures enhance traffic safety by allowing messages to be delivered to motorists related to directions and warning of hazards ahead, and facilitating the monitoring of traffic speed and flow. These structures are exposed to adverse environmental conditions while in service. Strong wind and vibration accelerate their deterioration. Typical damage to this type of structure includes local fatigue fractures and partial loosening of bolted connections. The occurrence of these types of damage can lead to a failure in large portions of the structure, jeopardizing the safety of passing traffic. Therefore, it is important to have effective damage detection approaches to ensure the integrity of these structures. In this study, an extension of the Angle-between-String-and-Horizon (ASH) flexibility-based approach [32] is applied to locate damage in sign support truss structures at bay level. Ambient excitations (e.g. wind) can be considered as a significant source of vibration in these structures. Considering that ambient excitation is immeasurable, a pseudo ASH flexibility matrix constructed from output-only derived operational deflection shapes is proposed. A damage detection method based on the use of pseudo flexibility matrices is proposed to address several of the challenges posed in real-world applications. Tests are conducted on a 17.5-m long full-scale sign support truss structure to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Damage cases associated with loosened bolts and weld failures are considered. These cases are realistic for this type of structure. The results successfully demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method to locate the two common forms of damage on sign support truss structures instrumented with a few accelerometers.

STS-112 S1 Truss Payload arrives at KSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- NASA's Super Guppy airplane, with the International Space Station's (ISS) S1 truss aboard, rolls to a stop at KSC's Shuttle Landing Facility. Manufactured by the Boeing Co. in Huntington Beach, Calif., this component of the I SS is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communicatio ns systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. Primarily constructed of aluminum, the truss segment is 45 feet long, 15 feet wide and 6 feet tall. When fully outfitted, it will weigh 31,137 pounds. The truss is slated for flight in 2001. The Super Guppy, with its 25-foot diameter fuselage designed to handle oversized loads, is well prepared to transport the truss and other ISS segments. Loading the Guppy is easy because of the unique 'fold-away' nose of the aircraft that opens 110 degrees for cargo loading. A system of rails in the cargo compartment, used with either Guppy pallets or fixtures designed for specific cargo, makes cargo loading simple and efficient. Rollers mounted in the rails allow pallets or fixtures to be moved by an elec tric winch mounted beneath the cargo floor. Automatic hydraulic lock pins in each rail secure the pallet for flight. The truss is to be transferred to the Operations and Checkout Building

A manned-machine space station construction concept

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mikulas, M. M., Jr.; Bush, H. G.; Wallsom, R. E.; Dorsey, J. T.; Rhodes, M. D.

1984-01-01

A design concept for the construction of a permanent manned space station is developed and discussed. The main considerations examined in developing the design concept are: (1) the support structure of the station be stiff enough to preclude the need for an elaborate on-orbit system to control structural response, (2) the station support structure and solar power system be compatible with existing technology, and (3) the station be capable of growing in a systematic modular fashion. The concept is developed around the assembly of truss platforms by pressure-suited astronauts operating in extravehicular activity (EVA), assisted by a machine (Assembly and Transport Vehicle, ATV) to position the astronauts at joint locations where they latch truss members in place. The ATV is a mobile platform that is attached to and moves on the station support structure using pegs attached to each truss joint. The operation of the ATV is described and a number of conceptual configurations for potential space stations are developed.

Study on design method and vibration reduction characteristic of floating raft with periodic structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fang, Yuanyuan; Zuo, Yanyan; Xia, Zhaowang

2018-03-01

The noise level is getting higher with the development of high-power marine power plant. Mechanical noise is one of the most obvious noise sources which not only affect equipment reliability, riding comfort and working environment, but also enlarge underwater noise. The periodic truss type device which is commonly applied in fields of aerospace and architectural is introduced to floating raft construction in ship. Four different raft frame structure are designed in the paper. The vibration transmissibility is taken as an evaluation index to measure vibration isolation effect. A design scheme with the best vibration isolation effect is found by numerical method. Plate type and the optimized periodic truss type raft frame structure are processed to experimental verify vibration isolation effect of the structure of the periodic raft. The experimental results demonstrate that the same quality of the periodic truss floating raft has better isolation effect than that of the plate type floating raft.

Experimental Characterization of Hysteresis in a Revolute Joint for Precision Deployable Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lake, Mark S.; Fung, Jimmy; Gloss, Kevin; Liechty, Derek S.

1997-01-01

Recent studies of the micro-dynamic behavior of a deployable telescope metering truss have identified instabilities in the equilibrium shape of the truss in response to low-energy dynamic loading. Analyses indicate that these micro-dynamic instabilities arise from stick-slip friction within the truss joints (e.g., hinges and latches). The present study characterizes the low-magnitude quasi-static load cycle response of the precision revolute joints incorporated in the deployable telescope metering truss, and specifically, the hysteretic response of these joints caused by stick-slip friction within the joint. Detailed descriptions are presented of the test setup and data reduction algorithms, including discussions of data-error sources and data-filtering techniques. Test results are presented from thirteen specimens, and the effects of joint preload and manufacturing tolerances are investigated. Using a simplified model of stick-slip friction, a relationship is made between joint load-cycle behavior and micro-dynamic dimensional instabilities in the deployable telescope metering truss.

Truss topology optimization with simultaneous analysis and design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sankaranarayanan, S.; Haftka, Raphael T.; Kapania, Rakesh K.

1992-01-01

Strategies for topology optimization of trusses for minimum weight subject to stress and displacement constraints by Simultaneous Analysis and Design (SAND) are considered. The ground structure approach is used. A penalty function formulation of SAND is compared with an augmented Lagrangian formulation. The efficiency of SAND in handling combinations of general constraints is tested. A strategy for obtaining an optimal topology by minimizing the compliance of the truss is compared with a direct weight minimization solution to satisfy stress and displacement constraints. It is shown that for some problems, starting from the ground structure and using SAND is better than starting from a minimum compliance topology design and optimizing only the cross sections for minimum weight under stress and displacement constraints. A member elimination strategy to save CPU time is discussed.

Chang-Diaz holds PDGF for installation on the ISS P6 truss during STS-111 UF-2 EVA 1

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-06-09

STS111-E-5034 (8 June 2002) --- Astronaut Franklin R. Chang-Diaz works with a grapple fixture during extravehicular activity (EVA) to perform work on the International Space Station (ISS). The first spacewalk of the STS-111 mission began with the installation of a Power and Data Grapple Fixture (PDGF) for the station's robotic arm on the complex's P6 truss. The PDGF will allow the robotic arm to grip the P6 truss for future station assembly operations. Astronauts Chang-Diaz and Philippe Perrin (with French Space Agency, CNES) went on to install the new fixture about halfway up the P6 truss, the vertical structure that currently supports the station's set of large U.S. solar arrays.

Efficient concepts for large erectable space structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Card, M. F.; Bush, H. G.; Heard, W. L., Jr.; Mikulas, M. M., Jr.

1978-01-01

The status of Langley Research Center development of the nestable column concept is reviewed including results of member and truss component tests, and planned assembly studies. In addition, more recent studies of alternative member concepts are presented. Preliminary results on relative efficiency of several types of truss-type columns are compared and future test plans discussed.

Adaptive Multi-Layer LMS Controller Design and Application to Active Vibration Suppression on a Truss and Proposed Impact Analysis Technique

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barney, Timothy A.; Shin, Y. S.; Agrawal, B. N.

2001-01-01

This research develops an adaptive controller that actively suppresses a single frequency disturbance source at a remote position and tests the system on the NPS Space Truss. The experimental results are then compared to those predicted by an ANSYS finite element model. The NPS space truss is a 3.7-meter long truss that simulates a space-borne appendage with sensitive equipment mounted at its extremities. One of two installed piezoelectric actuators and an Adaptive Multi-Layer LMS control law were used to effectively eliminate an axial component of the vibrations induced by a linear proof mass actuator mounted at one end of the truss. Experimental and analytical results both demonstrate reductions to the level of system noise. Vibration reductions in excess of 50dB were obtained through experimentation and over 100dB using ANSYS, demonstrating the ability to model this system with a finite element model. This report also proposes a method to use distributed quartz accelerometers to evaluate the location, direction, and energy of impacts on the NPS space truss using the dSPACE data acquisition and processing system to capture the structural response and compare it to known reference Signals.

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-11-03

While anchored to a foot restraint on the end of the Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS), astronaut Scott Parazynski, STS-120 mission specialist, participated in the mission's fourth session of extravehicular activity (EVA) while Space Shuttle Discovery was docked with the International Space Station (ISS). During the 7-hour and 19-minute space walk, Parazynski cut a snagged wire and installed homemade stabilizers designed to strengthen the structure and stability of the damaged P6 4B solar array wing. Astronaut Doug Wheelock (out of frame), mission specialist, assisted from the truss by keeping an eye on the distance between Parazynski and the array. Once the repair was complete, flight controllers on the ground successfully completed the deployment of the array.

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-11-03

While anchored to a foot restraint on the end of the Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS), astronaut Scott Parazynski, STS-120 mission specialist, participated in the mission's fourth session of extravehicular activity (EVA) while Space Shuttle Discovery was docked with the International Space Station (ISS). During the 7-hour and 19-minute space walk, Parazynski cut a snagged wire and installed homemade stabilizers designed to strengthen the structure and stability of the damaged P6 4B solar array wing. Astronaut Doug Wheelock (out of frame), mission specialist, assisted from the truss by keeping an eye on the distance between Parazynski and the array. Once the repair was complete, flight controllers on the ground successfully completed the deployment of the array.

Perrin near the S0 (S-zero) Truss during STS-111 UF-2 EVA 2

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-06-12

STS111-E-5241 (11 June 2002) --- Astronaut Philippe Perrin, STS-111 mission specialist, photographed near the S0 (S-Zero) Truss on the International Space Station (ISS), participates in the second scheduled session of extravehicular activity (EVA) for the STS-111 mission. During the 5-hour spacewalk, Perrin and Chang-Diaz completed installation of the Mobile Remote Servicer Base System (MBS) on the station’s railcar, the Mobile Transporter. Perrin represents CNES, the French Space Agency.

Open-Lattice Composite Design Strengthens Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2007-01-01

Advanced composite materials and designs could eventually be applied as the framework for spacecraft or extraterrestrial constructions for long-term space habitation. One such structure in which NASA has made an investment is the IsoTruss grid structure, an extension of a two-dimensional "isogrid" concept originally developed at McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company, under contract to NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in the early 1970s. IsoTruss is a lightweight and efficient alternative to monocoque composite structures, and can be produced in a manner that involves fairly simple techniques. The technology was developed with support from NASA to explore space applications, and is garnering global attention because it is extremely lightweight; as much as 12 times stronger than steel; inexpensive to manufacture, transport, and install; low-maintenance; and is fully recyclable. IsoTruss is expected to see application as utility poles and meteorological towers, for the aforementioned reasons and because its design offers superior wind resistance and is less susceptible to breaking and woodpeckers. Other applications, such as reinforcement for concrete structures, stand-alone towers, sign supports, prostheses, irrigation equipment, and sporting goods are being explored

KSC-99pp1181

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-10-06

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- NASA's Super Guppy airplane, with the International Space Station's (ISS) S1 truss aboard, rolls to a stop at KSC's Shuttle Landing Facility. Manufactured by the Boeing Co. in Huntington Beach, Calif., this component of the ISS is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communications systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. Primarily constructed of aluminum, the truss segment is 45 feet long, 15 feet wide and 6 feet tall. When fully outfitted, it will weigh 31,137 pounds. The truss is slated for flight in 2001. The Super Guppy, with its 25-foot diameter fuselage designed to handle oversized loads, is well prepared to transport the truss and other ISS segments. Loading the Guppy is easy because of the unique "fold-away" nose of the aircraft that opens 110 degrees for cargo loading. A system of rails in the cargo compartment, used with either Guppy pallets or fixtures designed for specific cargo, makes cargo loading simple and efficient. Rollers mounted in the rails allow pallets or fixtures to be moved by an electric winch mounted beneath the cargo floor. Automatic hydraulic lock pins in each rail secure the pallet for flight. The truss is to be transferred to the Operations and Checkout Building

KSC-99pp1180

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-10-06

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- NASA's Super Guppy airplane, with the International Space Station's (ISS) S1 truss aboard, arrives at KSC's Shuttle Landing Facility from Marshall Space Flight Center. Manufactured by the Boeing Co. in Huntington Beach, Calif., this component of the ISS is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communications systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. Primarily constructed of aluminum, the truss segment is 45 feet long, 15 feet wide and 6 feet tall. When fully outfitted, it will weigh 31,137 pounds. The truss is slated for flight in 2001. The Super Guppy, with its 25-foot diameter fuselage designed to handle oversized loads, is well prepared to transport the truss and other ISS segments. Loading the Guppy is easy because of the unique "fold-away" nose of the aircraft that opens 110 degrees for cargo loading. A system of rails in the cargo compartment, used with either Guppy pallets or fixtures designed for specific cargo, makes cargo loading simple and efficient. Rollers mounted in the rails allow pallets or fixtures to be moved by an electric winch mounted beneath the cargo floor. Automatic hydraulic lock pins in each rail secure the pallet for flight. The truss is to be moved to the Operations and Checkout Building

KSC-99pp1182

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-10-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At KSC's Shuttle Landing Facility, NASA's Super Guppy opens to reveal its cargo, the International Space Station's (ISS) S1 truss. Manufactured by the Boeing Co. in Huntington Beach, Calif., this component of the ISS is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communications systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. Primarily constructed of aluminum, the truss segment is 45 feet long, 15 feet wide and 6 feet tall. When fully outfitted, it will weigh 31,137 pounds. The truss is slated for flight in 2001. The Super Guppy, with its 25-foot diameter fuselage designed to handle oversized loads, is well prepared to transport the truss and other ISS segments. Loading the Guppy is easy because of the unique "fold-away" nose of the aircraft that opens 110 degrees for cargo loading. A system of rails in the cargo compartment, used with either Guppy pallets or fixtures designed for specific cargo, makes cargo loading simple and efficient. Rollers mounted in the rails allow pallets or fixtures to be moved by an electric winch mounted beneath the cargo floor. Automatic hydraulic lock pins in each rail secure the pallet for flight. The truss is to be transferred to the Operations and Checkout Building

KSC-99pp1185

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-10-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At the Shuttle Landing Facility, workers attach cranes to the S1 truss, a segment of the International Space Station, to lift the truss to a payload transporter for its transfer to the Operations and Checkout Building. Manufactured by the Boeing Co. in Huntington Beach, Calif., this component of the ISS is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communications systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. Primarily constructed of aluminum, the truss segment is 45 feet long, 15 feet wide and 6 feet tall. When fully outfitted, it will weigh 31,137 pounds. The truss is slated for flight in 2001. The truss arrived at KSC aboard NASA's Super Guppy, with a 25-foot diameter fuselage designed to handle oversized loads. Loading the Guppy is easy because of the unique "fold-away" nose of the aircraft that opens 110 degrees for cargo loading. A system of rails in the cargo compartment, used with either Guppy pallets or fixtures designed for specific cargo, makes cargo loading simple and efficient. Rollers mounted in the rails allow pallets or fixtures to be moved by an electric winch mounted beneath the cargo floor. Automatic hydraulic lock pins in each rail secure the pallet for flight

KSC-99pp1183

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-10-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At the Shuttle Landing Facility, the newly arrived S1 truss, a segment of the International Space Station (ISS), is offloaded from NASA's Super Guppy aircraft. Manufactured by the Boeing Co. in Huntington Beach, Calif., this component of the ISS is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communications systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. Primarily constructed of aluminum, the truss segment is 45 feet long, 15 feet wide and 6 feet tall. When fully outfitted, it will weigh 31,137 pounds. The truss is slated for flight in 2001. The Super Guppy, with its 25-foot diameter fuselage designed to handle oversized loads, is well prepared to transport the truss and other ISS segments. Loading the Guppy is easy because of the unique "fold-away" nose of the aircraft that opens 110 degrees for cargo loading. A system of rails in the cargo compartment, used with either Guppy pallets or fixtures designed for specific cargo, makes cargo loading simple and efficient. Rollers mounted in the rails allow pallets or fixtures to be moved by an electric winch mounted beneath the cargo floor. Automatic hydraulic lock pins in each rail secure the pallet for flight. The truss is being transferred to the Operations and Checkout Building

KSC-00pp1387

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-09-07

In the Space Station Processing Facility, the Integrated Truss Structure Z1, an element of the International Space Station, is lifted for moving to another stand to check its weight and balance. The Z1 truss is the first of 10 trusses that will become the backbone of the Space Station, eventually stretching the length of a football field. Along with its companion payload, the third Pressurized Mating Adapter, the Z1 is scheduled to be launched aboard Space Shuttle Discovery Oct. 5 at 9:38 p.m. EDT. The launch will be the 100th in the Shuttle program

KSC-00pp1356

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-09-13

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- With its umbilical hoses stretched out, the payload canister (left) with the Integrated Truss Structure Z1 inside nears the top of the passage to the Payload Changeout Room. There the Z1 truss will be removed and later transferred to Space Shuttle Discovery’s payload bay. The Z1 truss is the first of 10 that will become the backbone of the International Space Station, eventually stretching the length of a football field. Along with its companion payload, the third Pressurized Mating Adapter, the Z1 is scheduled to be launched aboard Discovery Oct. 5 at 9:38 p.m. EDT

KSC-00pp1389

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-09-07

In the Space Station Processing Facility, workers watch as the Integrated Truss Structure Z1, an element of the International Space Station, is moved to another stand to check its weight and balance. The Z1 truss is the first of 10 trusses that will become the backbone of the Space Station, eventually stretching the length of a football field. Along with its companion payload, the third Pressurized Mating Adapter, the Z1 is scheduled to be launched aboard Space Shuttle Discovery Oct. 5 at 9:38 p.m. EDT. The launch will be the 100th in the Shuttle program

KSC00pp1356

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-09-13

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- With its umbilical hoses stretched out, the payload canister (left) with the Integrated Truss Structure Z1 inside nears the top of the passage to the Payload Changeout Room. There the Z1 truss will be removed and later transferred to Space Shuttle Discovery’s payload bay. The Z1 truss is the first of 10 that will become the backbone of the International Space Station, eventually stretching the length of a football field. Along with its companion payload, the third Pressurized Mating Adapter, the Z1 is scheduled to be launched aboard Discovery Oct. 5 at 9:38 p.m. EDT

Graphite composite truss welding and cap section forming subsystems. Volume 1: Executive summary. [large space structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

A rolltrusion process was developed for forming of a hybrid, single-ply woven graphite and glass fiber cloth, impregnated with a polysulfone resin and coated with TI02 pigmented P-1700 resin into strips for the on-orbit fabrication of triangular truss segments. Ultrasonic welding in vacuum showed no identifiable effects on weld strength or resin flow characteristics. An existing bench model cap roll forming machine was modified and used to roll form caps for the prototype test truss and for column test specimens in order to test local buckling and torsional instability characteristics.

KSC-00padig107

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-28

During pre-pack and fit check in the Operations and Checkout Building, STS-97 Mission Specialist Marc Garneau waves after getting his helmet on. Garneau is with the Canadian Space Agency. Mission STS-97 is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST

KSC-00pp1758

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-27

After arriving at the Shuttle Landing Facility, the STS-97 crew gather to address the media. At the microphone is Pilot Michael Bloomfield. Behind him can be seen Mission Specialists Joseph Tanner and Carlos Noriega. Mission STS-97 is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST

KSC-00padig055

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Perched atop the Mobile Launcher Platform, Space Shuttle Endeavour approaches the gate to Launch Pad 39B. To the right of the pad is a 290-foot tall water tower. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC00padig055

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Perched atop the Mobile Launcher Platform, Space Shuttle Endeavour approaches the gate to Launch Pad 39B. To the right of the pad is a 290-foot tall water tower. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC-00padig105

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-28

STS-97 Mission Specialist Marc Garneau gets help with his boots from suit technician Tommy McDonald during pre-pack and fit check. Garneau is with the Canadian Space Agency. Mission STS-97 is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST

STS-97 Mission Specialist Tanner during pre-pack and fit check

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

STS-97 Mission Specialist Joseph Tanner gets help with his boots from suit technician Erin Canlon during check pre-pack and fit check. Mission STS-97 is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST.

STS-97 Mission Specialist Noriega during pre-pack and fit check

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

STS-97 Mission Specialist Carlos Noriega gets help with his boots from suit technician Shelly Grick-Agrella during pre-pack and fit check. Mission STS-97 is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST.

Space Station

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-01-01

This artist's concept depicts the Space Station Freedom as it would look orbiting the Earth, illustrated by Marshall Space Flight Center artist, Tom Buzbee. Scheduled to be completed in late 1999, this smaller configuration of the Space Station featured a horizontal truss structure that supported U.S., European, and Japanese Laboratory Modules; the U.S. Habitation Module; and three sets of solar arrays. The Space Station Freedom was an international, permanently marned, orbiting base to be assembled in orbit by a series of Space Shuttle missions that were to begin in the mid-1990's.

Space Station

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-01-01

This artist's concept depicts the Space Station Freedom as it would look orbiting the Earth; illustrated by Marshall Space Flight Center artist, Tom Buzbee. Scheduled to be completed in late 1999, this smaller configuration of the Space Station features a horizontal truss structure that supported U.S., European, and Japanese Laboratory Modules; the U.S. Habitation Module; and three sets of solar arrays. The Space Station Freedom was an international, permanently marned, orbiting base to be assembled in orbit by a series of Space Shuttle missions that were to begin in the mid-1990's.

Comparison of Structural Optimization Techniques for a Nuclear Electric Space Vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Benford, Andrew

2003-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to utilize the optimization method of genetic algorithms (GA) for truss design on a nuclear propulsion vehicle. Genetic Algorithms are a guided, random search that mirrors Darwin s theory of natural selection and survival of the fittest. To verify the GA s capabilities, other traditional optimization methods were used to compare the results obtained by the GA's, first on simple 2-D structures, and eventually on full-scale 3-D truss designs.

Overview of the national historic covered bridge preservation (NHCBP) program

Treesearch

James P. Wacker; Sheila Rimal Duwadi

2010-01-01

Covered wooden bridges proliferated in the United States in the mid-nineteenth century. Today an estimated 800 covered bridge structures remain, but they are nevertheless cherished links to the technological heritage of the United States. The through-truss designs vary from the Kingpost trusses built in the craft tradition to the engineered Burr arch and Paddleford...

KSC-06pd1677

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-26

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - On Launch Pad 39B, the payload canister is lifted toward the payload changeout room (PCR) for transfer of its cargo into the PCR. The canister holds the payload for Atlantis and mission STS-115, the Port 3/4 truss segment with two large solar arrays. The red umbilical lines are still attached to the transporter, below it. To the right of the rotating structure is the fixed service structure with the 80-foot lightning mast on top. The payload changeout room provides an environmentally clean or "white room" condition in which to receive a payload transferred from a protective payload canister. After the shuttle arrives at the pad, the rotating service structure will close around it and the payload will then be transferred into Atlantis' payload bay. Atlantis' launch window begins Aug. 28. During its 11-day mission to the International Space Station, the STS-115 crew of six astronauts will install the truss, a 17-ton segment of the space station's truss backbone. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

Dynamic behaviors of historical wrought iron truss bridges: a field testing case study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dai, Kaoshan; Wang, Ying; Hedric, Andrew; Huang, Zhenhua

2016-04-01

The U.S. transportation infrastructure has many wrought iron truss bridges that are more than a century old and still remain in use. Understanding the structural properties and identifying the health conditions of these historical bridges are essential to deciding the maintenance or rebuild plan of the bridges. This research involved an on-site full-scale system identification test case study on the historical Old Alton Bridge (a wrought iron truss bridge built in 1884 in Denton, Texas) using a wireless sensor network. The study results demonstrate a practical and convenient experimental system identification method for historical bridge structures. The method includes the basic steps of the in-situ experiment and in-house data analysis. Various excitation methods are studied for field testing, including ambient vibration by wind load, forced vibration by human jumping load, and forced vibration by human pulling load. Structural responses of the bridge under these different excitation approaches were analyzed and compared with numerical analysis results.

Developments in damage assessment by Marie Skłodowska-Curie TRUSS ITN project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

González, A.

2017-05-01

The growth of cities, the impacts of climate change and the massive cost of providing new infrastructure provide the impetus for TRUSS (Training in Reducing Uncertainty in Structural Safety), a €3.7 million Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action Innovative Training Network project funded by EU’s Horizon 2020 programme, which aims to maximize the potential of infrastructure that already exists (http://trussitn.eu). For that purpose, TRUSS brings together an international, inter-sectoral and multidisciplinary collaboration between five academic and eleven industry institutions from five European countries. The project covers rail and road infrastructure, buildings and energy and marine infrastructure. This paper reports progress in fields such as advanced sensor-based structural health monitoring solutions - unmanned aerial vehicles, optical backscatter reflectometry, monitoring sensors mounted on vehicles, … - and innovative algorithms for structural designs and short- and long-term assessments of buildings, bridges, pavements, ships, ship unloaders, nuclear components and wind turbine towers that will support infrastructure operators and owners in managing their assets.

Structurally adaptive space crane concept for assembling space systems on orbit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dorsey, John T.; Sutter, Thomas R.; Wu, K. Chauncey

1992-01-01

Many future human space exploration missions will probably require large vehicles that must be assembled on orbit. Thus, a device that can move, position, and assemble large and massive spacecraft components on orbit becomes essential for these missions. A concept is described for such a device: a space crane concept that uses erectable truss hardware to achieve high-stiffness and low-mass booms and uses articulating truss joints that can be assembled on orbit. The hardware has been tested and shown to have linear load-deflection response and to be structurally predictable. The hardware also permits the crane to be reconfigured into different geometries to satisfy future assembly requirements. A number of articulating and rotary joint concepts have been sized and analyzed, and the results are discussed. Two strategies were proposed to suppress motion-induced vibration: placing viscous dampers in selected truss struts and preshaping motion commands. Preliminary analyses indicate that these techniques have the potential to greatly enhance structural damping.

KSC-99pp1186

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-10-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Escort vehicles prepare to leave the Shuttle Landing Facility with the S1 truss (at right) on its trek to the Operations and Checkout Building. Manufactured by the Boeing Co. in Huntington Beach, Calif., this component of the ISS is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communications systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. Primarily constructed of aluminum, the truss segment is 45 feet long, 15 feet wide and 6 feet tall. When fully outfitted, it will weigh 31,137 pounds. The truss is slated for flight in 2001. The truss arrived at KSC aboard NASA's Super Guppy, seen in the background. The aircraft is uniquely built with a 25-foot diameter fuselage designed to handle oversized loads and a "fold-away" nose that opens 110 degrees for cargo loading. A system of rails in the cargo compartment, used with either Guppy pallets or fixtures designed for specific cargo, makes cargo loading simple and efficient. Rollers mounted in the rails allow pallets or fixtures to be moved by an electric winch mounted beneath the cargo floor. Automatic hydraulic lock pins in each rail secure the pallet for flight

Nonlinear damage identification of breathing cracks in Truss system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Jie; DeSmidt, Hans

2014-03-01

The breathing cracks in truss system are detected by Frequency Response Function (FRF) based damage identification method. This method utilizes damage-induced changes of frequency response functions to estimate the severity and location of structural damage. This approach enables the possibility of arbitrary interrogation frequency and multiple inputs/outputs which greatly enrich the dataset for damage identification. The dynamical model of truss system is built using the finite element method and the crack model is based on fracture mechanics. Since the crack is driven by tensional and compressive forces of truss member, only one damage parameter is needed to represent the stiffness reduction of each truss member. Assuming that the crack constantly breathes with the exciting frequency, the linear damage detection algorithm is developed in frequency/time domain using Least Square and Newton Raphson methods. Then, the dynamic response of the truss system with breathing cracks is simulated in the time domain and meanwhile the crack breathing status for each member is determined by the feedback from real-time displacements of member's nodes. Harmonic Fourier Coefficients (HFCs) of dynamical response are computed by processing the data through convolution and moving average filters. Finally, the results show the effectiveness of linear damage detection algorithm in identifying the nonlinear breathing cracks using different combinations of HFCs and sensors.

KSC-99pp1184

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-10-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At the Shuttle Landing Facility, the S1 truss, a segment of the International Space Station, is moved away from the Super Guppy that brought it to KSC from Marshall Space Flight Center. Manufactured by the Boeing Co. in Huntington Beach, Calif., this component of the ISS is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communications systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. Primarily constructed of aluminum, the truss segment is 45 feet long, 15 feet wide and 6 feet tall. When fully outfitted, it will weigh 31,137 pounds. The truss is slated for flight in 2001. The Super Guppy, with its 25-foot diameter fuselage designed to handle oversized loads, is well prepared to transport the truss and other ISS segments. Loading the Guppy is easy because of the unique "fold-away" nose of the aircraft that opens 110 degrees for cargo loading. A system of rails in the cargo compartment, used with either Guppy pallets or fixtures designed for specific cargo, makes cargo loading simple and efficient. Rollers mounted in the rails allow pallets or fixtures to be moved by an electric winch mounted beneath the cargo floor. Automatic hydraulic lock pins in each rail secure the pallet for flight. The truss is being transferred to the Operations and Checkout Building

Model correlation and damage location for large space truss structures: Secant method development and evaluation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Suzanne Weaver; Beattie, Christopher A.

1991-01-01

On-orbit testing of a large space structure will be required to complete the certification of any mathematical model for the structure dynamic response. The process of establishing a mathematical model that matches measured structure response is referred to as model correlation. Most model correlation approaches have an identification technique to determine structural characteristics from the measurements of the structure response. This problem is approached with one particular class of identification techniques - matrix adjustment methods - which use measured data to produce an optimal update of the structure property matrix, often the stiffness matrix. New methods were developed for identification to handle problems of the size and complexity expected for large space structures. Further development and refinement of these secant-method identification algorithms were undertaken. Also, evaluation of these techniques is an approach for model correlation and damage location was initiated.

KSC-00padig093

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-08

The STS-97 crew poses on the 215-foot level of the Fixed Service Structure during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities that include emergency egress training, familiarization with the payload and a simulated launch countdown. From left, they are Mission Specialist Carlos Noriega, Commander Brent Jett, Pilot Mike Bloomfield, and Mission Specialists Marc Garneau and Joe Tanner. Mission STS-97 is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at 10:05 p.m. EST

The 15-meter diameter mechanically scanned deployable antenna

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Coyner, J. V.; Herbert, J. J.; Bachtell, E. E.

1982-01-01

A preliminary design with structural model data and thermal-performance estimates of a 15-meter mechanically scanned deployable antenna (MSDA) that could be launched onboard a Shuttle Orbiter to provide radiometric brightness temperature maps of the Earth and oceans in selected bands over a frequency range from 1.4 to 11 GHz is provided. The study objectives were met through the design of a unique, integrated, offset feed mast and reflector design that uses the deployable box-truss structure as a building block. The performance of this system is summarized. The all graphite-epoxy, 4.57-meter prototype cube that was completed in 1981 and is proposed for this reflector and feed mast design is presented.

KSC-02pd1314

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-09-16

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. - STS-112 Mission Specialist David Wolf is ready for his practice run driving the M-113 armored personnel carrier. Wolf and the rest of the crew are at KSC for Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown. Mission STS-112 aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 2, between 2 and 6 p.m. EDT. STS-112 is the 15th assembly mission to the International Space Station. Atlantis will be carrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure, the first starboard truss segment. The S1 will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, during the 11-day mission.

STS-112 crew during TCDT activities with M-113 carrier

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. - STS-112 Commander Jeffrey Ashby drives the M-113 armored personnel carrier during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities. At the far left is Mission Specialist Sandra Magnus. The TCDT also includes a simulated launch countdown. The mission aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 2, between 2 and 6 p.m. EDT. STS-112 is the 15th assembly mission to the International Space Station. Atlantis will be carrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure, the first starboard truss segment. The S1 will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, during the 11-day mission.

The Z1 truss is moved into the Payload Changeout Room

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

Inside the Payload Changeout Room (PCR), workers check the controls on movement of the Integrated Truss Structure Z1 behind them into the PCR from the payload canister. Once sealed inside the PCR, workers will get ready to move the Z1 into the payload bay of Space Shuttle Discovery. The Z1 truss is the first of 10 that will become the backbone of the International Space Station, eventually stretching the length of a football field. Along with its companion payload, the third Pressurized Mating Adapter, the Z1 is scheduled to be launched aboard Discovery Oct. 5 at 9:38 p.m. EDT.

KSC-07pd0364

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-02-12

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the payload changeout room (PCR) on Launch Pad 39A, the S3/S4 integrated truss is being moved out of the payload canister. The PCR is the enclosed, environmentally controlled portion of the rotating service structure that supports cargo delivery to the pad and subsequent vertical installation into the orbiter payload bay. The truss is the payload for Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-117 to the International Space Station. The Atlantis crew will install the new truss segment, retract a set of solar arrays and unfold a new set on the starboard side of the station. Launch is targeted for March 15. Photo credit: NASA/Jack Pfaller

KSC-07pd0360

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-02-12

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the payload changeout room (PCR) on Launch Pad 39A, the opening doors of the canister reveal the S3/S4 integrated truss inside. The PCR is the enclosed, environmentally controlled portion of the rotating service structure that supports cargo delivery to the pad and subsequent vertical installation into the orbiter payload bay. The truss is the payload for Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-117 to the International Space Station. The Atlantis crew will install the new truss segment, retract a set of solar arrays and unfold a new set on the starboard side of the station. Launch is targeted for March 15. Photo credit: NASA/Jack Pfaller

KSC-07pd0358

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-02-12

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the payload changeout room (PCR) on Launch Pad 39A, workers prepare to open the canister containing the S3/S4 integrated truss. The PCR is the enclosed, environmentally controlled portion of the rotating service structure that supports cargo delivery to the pad and subsequent vertical installation into the orbiter payload bay. The truss is the payload for Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-117 to the International Space Station. The Atlantis crew will install the new truss segment, retract a set of solar arrays and unfold a new set on the starboard side of the station. Launch is targeted for March 15. Photo credit: NASA/Jack Pfaller

The Z1 truss is prepped in the PCR for transfer to Discovery's payload bay

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

Inside the Payload Changeout Room (PCR), workers prepare to move the Integrated Truss Structure Z1 out of the payload canister. Once inside the PCR, workers will get ready to move the Z1 into the payload bay of Space Shuttle Discovery. The Z1 truss is the first of 10 that will become the backbone of the International Space Station, eventually stretching the length of a football field. Along with its companion payload, the third Pressurized Mating Adapter, the Z1 is scheduled to be launched aboard Discovery Oct. 5 at 9:38 p.m. EDT.

Photographic copy of circa, 1934 black and white photograph. Loose ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of circa, 1934 black and white photograph. Loose in oversized box located at the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Archives Center, Work and Industry Division, Washington, D.C. Original Photographer unknown. VIEW FROM EAST BANK LOOKING SOUTH TOWARD WEST BANK AT BRIDGE UNDER CONSTRUCTION SHOWING COMPLETED THROUGH TRUSS SPAN BETWEEN PIER III AND IV AND THE UNCOMPLETED DECK TRUSS SPAN BETWEEN PIER IV AND V. - Huey P. Long Bridge, Spanning Mississippi River approximately midway between nine & twelve mile points upstream from & west of New Orleans, Jefferson, Jefferson Parish, LA

A planar comparison of actuators for vibration control of flexible structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clark, William W.; Robertshaw, Harry H.; Warrington, Thomas J.

1989-01-01

The methods and results of an analytical study comparing the effectiveness of four actuators in damping the vibrations of a planar clamped-free beam are presented. The actuators studied are two inertia-type actuators, the proof mass and reaction wheel, and two variable geometry trusses, the planar truss and the planar truss proof mass (a combination variable geometry truss/inertia-type actuator). Actuator parameters used in the models were chosen based on the results of a parametric study. A full-state, LQR optimal feedback control law was used for control in each system. Numerical simulations of each beam/actuator system were performed in response to initial condition inputs. These simulations provided information such as time response of the closed-loop system and damping provided to the beam. This information can be used to determine the 'best' actuator for a given purpose.

KSC-06pp2776

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-12-09

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- While in the White Room to complete suiting up before climbing into Space Shuttle Discovery, STS-116 Mission Specialist Nicholas Patrick sends a message home. In the background is Mission Specialist Christer Fuglesang, who represents the European Space Agency. The White Room is at the end of the orbiter access arm that extends from the fixed service structure and provides entry into the orbiter. The first launch attempt of STS-116 on Dec. 7 was postponed due a low cloud ceiling over Kennedy Space Center. This second launch attempt is scheduled for 8:47 p.m. This is Discovery's 33rd mission and the first night launch since 2002. The 20th shuttle mission to the International Space Station, STS-116 carries another truss segment, P5. It will serve as a spacer, mated to the P4 truss that was attached in September. After installing the P5, the crew will reconfigure and redistribute the power generated by two pairs of U.S. solar arrays. Landing is expected Dec. 21 at KSC. Photo credit: NASA/Tony Gray & Don Kight

STS-92 MS Wisoff gets suit checked in the White Room before launch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

STS-92 Mission Specialist Peter J.K. '''Jeff''' Wisoff reaches out to shake the hand of Danny Wyatt, KSC NASA Quality Assurance specialist, after completing final check of his launch and entry suit in the White Room before entering Discovery. The White Room is an environmentally controlled area at the end of the Orbiter Access Arm that provides entry to the orbiter as well as emergency egress if needed. The arm remains in the extended position until 7 minutes 24 seconds before launch. Wisoff and the rest of the crew are undertaking the fifth flight to the International Space Station for construction. Discovery carries a payload that includes the Integrated Truss Structure Z-1, first of 10 trusses that will form the backbone of the Space Station, and the third Pressurized Mating Adapter that will provide a Shuttle docking port for solar array installation on the sixth Station flight and Lab installation on the seventh Station flight. The mission includes four spacewalks for the construction activities. Discovery's landing is expected Oct. 22 at 2:10 p.m. EDT.

KSC-00pp1566

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-11

STS-92 Mission Specialist Peter J.K. “Jeff” Wisoff reaches out to shake the hand of Danny Wyatt, KSC NASA Quality Assurance specialist, after completing final check of his launch and entry suit in the White Room before entering Discovery. The White Room is an environmentally controlled area at the end of the Orbiter Access Arm that provides entry to the orbiter as well as emergency egress if needed. The arm remains in the extended position until 7 minutes 24 seconds before launch. Wisoff and the rest of the crew are undertaking the fifth flight to the International Space Station for construction. Discovery carries a payload that includes the Integrated Truss Structure Z-1, first of 10 trusses that will form the backbone of the Space Station, and the third Pressurized Mating Adapter that will provide a Shuttle docking port for solar array installation on the sixth Station flight and Lab installation on the seventh Station flight. The mission includes four spacewalks for the construction activities. Discovery’s landing is expected Oct. 22 at 2:10 p.m. EDT

KSC00pp1566

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-11

STS-92 Mission Specialist Peter J.K. “Jeff” Wisoff reaches out to shake the hand of Danny Wyatt, KSC NASA Quality Assurance specialist, after completing final check of his launch and entry suit in the White Room before entering Discovery. The White Room is an environmentally controlled area at the end of the Orbiter Access Arm that provides entry to the orbiter as well as emergency egress if needed. The arm remains in the extended position until 7 minutes 24 seconds before launch. Wisoff and the rest of the crew are undertaking the fifth flight to the International Space Station for construction. Discovery carries a payload that includes the Integrated Truss Structure Z-1, first of 10 trusses that will form the backbone of the Space Station, and the third Pressurized Mating Adapter that will provide a Shuttle docking port for solar array installation on the sixth Station flight and Lab installation on the seventh Station flight. The mission includes four spacewalks for the construction activities. Discovery’s landing is expected Oct. 22 at 2:10 p.m. EDT

Creep Damage Analysis of a Lattice Truss Panel Structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Wenchun; Li, Shaohua; Luo, Yun; Xu, Shugen

2017-01-01

The creep failure for a lattice truss sandwich panel structure has been predicted by finite element method (FEM). The creep damage is calculated by three kinds of stresses: as-brazed residual stress, operating thermal stress and mechanical load. The creep damage at tensile and compressive loads have been calculated and compared. The creep rate calculated by FEM, Gibson-Ashby and Hodge-Dunand models have been compared. The results show that the creep failure is located at the fillet at both tensile and creep loads. The damage rate at the fillet at tensile load is 50 times as much as that at compressive load. The lattice truss panel structure has a better creep resistance to compressive load than tensile load, because the creep and stress triaxiality at the fillet has been decreased at compressive load. The maximum creep strain at the fillet and the equivalent creep strain of the panel structure increase with the increase of applied load. Compared with Gibson-Ashby model and Hodge-Dunand models, the modified Gibson-Ashby model has a good prediction result compared with FEM. However, a more accurate model considering the size effect of the structure still needs to be developed.

STS-120 Mission Specialist Scott Parazynski Repairs ISS Solar Array

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2007-01-01

While anchored to a foot restraint on the end of the Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS), astronaut Scott Parazynski, STS-120 mission specialist, participated in the mission's fourth session of extravehicular activity (EVA) while Space Shuttle Discovery was docked with the International Space Station (ISS). During the 7-hour and 19-minute space walk, Parazynski cut a snagged wire and installed homemade stabilizers designed to strengthen the structure and stability of the damaged P6 4B solar array wing. Astronaut Doug Wheelock (out of frame), mission specialist, assisted from the truss by keeping an eye on the distance between Parazynski and the array. Once the repair was complete, flight controllers on the ground successfully completed the deployment of the array.

STS-120 Mission Specialist Scott Parazynski Repairs ISS Solar Array

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

While anchored to a foot restraint on the end of the Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS), astronaut Scott Parazynski, STS-120 mission specialist, participated in the mission's fourth session of extravehicular activity (EVA) while Space Shuttle Discovery was docked with the International Space Station (ISS). During the 7-hour and 19-minute space walk, Parazynski cut a snagged wire and installed homemade stabilizers designed to strengthen the structure and stability of the damaged P6 4B solar array wing. Astronaut Doug Wheelock (out of frame), mission specialist, assisted from the truss by keeping an eye on the distance between Parazynski and the array. Once the repair was complete, flight controllers on the ground successfully completed the deployment of the array.

Optimal placement of tuning masses on truss structures by genetic algorithms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ponslet, Eric; Haftka, Raphael T.; Cudney, Harley H.

1993-01-01

Optimal placement of tuning masses, actuators and other peripherals on large space structures is a combinatorial optimization problem. This paper surveys several techniques for solving this problem. The genetic algorithm approach to the solution of the placement problem is described in detail. An example of minimizing the difference between the two lowest frequencies of a laboratory truss by adding tuning masses is used for demonstrating some of the advantages of genetic algorithms. The relative efficiencies of different codings are compared using the results of a large number of optimization runs.

Time domain modal identification/estimation of the mini-mast testbed

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roemer, Michael J.; Mook, D. Joseph

1991-01-01

The Mini-Mast is a 20 meter long 3-dimensional, deployable/retractable truss structure designed to imitate future trusses in space. Presented here are results from a robust (with respect to measurement noise sensitivity), time domain, modal identification technique for identifying the modal properties of the Mini-Mast structure even in the face of noisy environments. Three testing/analysis procedures are considered: sinusoidal excitation near resonant frequencies of the Mini-Mast, frequency response function averaging of several modal tests, and random input excitation with a free response period.

Robotic Assembly of Truss Structures for Space Systems and Future Research Plans

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Doggett, William

2002-01-01

Many initiatives under study by both the space science and earth science communities require large space systems, i.e. with apertures greater than 15 m or dimensions greater than 20 m. This paper reviews the effort in NASA Langley Research Center's Automated Structural Assembly Laboratory which laid the foundations for robotic construction of these systems. In the Automated Structural Assembly Laboratory reliable autonomous assembly and disassembly of an 8 meter planar structure composed of 102 truss elements covered by 12 panels was demonstrated. The paper reviews the hardware and software design philosophy which led to reliable operation during weeks of near continuous testing. Special attention is given to highlight the features enhancing assembly reliability.

Dynamic Analyses Including Joints Of Truss Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Belvin, W. Keith

1991-01-01

Method for mathematically modeling joints to assess influences of joints on dynamic response of truss structures developed in study. Only structures with low-frequency oscillations considered; only Coulomb friction and viscous damping included in analysis. Focus of effort to obtain finite-element mathematical models of joints exhibiting load-vs.-deflection behavior similar to measured load-vs.-deflection behavior of real joints. Experiments performed to determine stiffness and damping nonlinearities typical of joint hardware. Algorithm for computing coefficients of analytical joint models based on test data developed to enable study of linear and nonlinear effects of joints on global structural response. Besides intended application to large space structures, applications in nonaerospace community include ground-based antennas and earthquake-resistant steel-framed buildings.

Cyclical parthenogenesis algorithm for layout optimization of truss structures with frequency constraints

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaveh, A.; Zolghadr, A.

2017-08-01

Structural optimization with frequency constraints is seen as a challenging problem because it is associated with highly nonlinear, discontinuous and non-convex search spaces consisting of several local optima. Therefore, competent optimization algorithms are essential for addressing these problems. In this article, a newly developed metaheuristic method called the cyclical parthenogenesis algorithm (CPA) is used for layout optimization of truss structures subjected to frequency constraints. CPA is a nature-inspired, population-based metaheuristic algorithm, which imitates the reproductive and social behaviour of some animal species such as aphids, which alternate between sexual and asexual reproduction. The efficiency of the CPA is validated using four numerical examples.

KSC-00padig063

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

A repair crew works to repair the broken cleat on the crawler-transporter, found as it was moving up the incline on Launch Pad 39B. The Shuttle retreated to level ground so the broken cleat could be repaired. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC-00pp1622

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Space Shuttle Endeavour is ready to move from the Vehicle Assembly Building into the light of early morning on its rollout to Launch Pad 39B. The Space Shuttle sits atop the Mobile Launcher Platform (MLP). Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC-00pp1630

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- A repair crew works to remove a broken cleat (shoe) on the crawler-transporter moving the Space Shuttle Endeavour to Launch Pad 39B. The crack was noticed as the crawler-transporter started up the incline to the pad. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC00pp1632

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Workers stand by while the broken cleat (shoe) on the crawler-transporter is removed. The crack was noticed as the crawler-transporter, moving Space Shuttle Endeavour to Launch Pad 39B, started up the incline to the pad. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC00pp1631

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- A worker adjusts equipment to remove a broken cleat (shoe) on the crawler-transporter moving the Space Shuttle Endeavour to Launch Pad 39B. The crack was noticed as the crawler-transporter started up the incline to the pad. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC00pp1630

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- A repair crew works to remove a broken cleat (shoe) on the crawler-transporter moving the Space Shuttle Endeavour to Launch Pad 39B. The crack was noticed as the crawler-transporter started up the incline to the pad. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC-00pp1632

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Workers stand by while the broken cleat (shoe) on the crawler-transporter is removed. The crack was noticed as the crawler-transporter, moving Space Shuttle Endeavour to Launch Pad 39B, started up the incline to the pad. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC00pp1622

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Space Shuttle Endeavour is ready to move from the Vehicle Assembly Building into the light of early morning on its rollout to Launch Pad 39B. The Space Shuttle sits atop the Mobile Launcher Platform (MLP). Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC-00pp1631

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- A worker adjusts equipment to remove a broken cleat (shoe) on the crawler-transporter moving the Space Shuttle Endeavour to Launch Pad 39B. The crack was noticed as the crawler-transporter started up the incline to the pad. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

A repair crew works on crawler-transporter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

A repair crew works to repair the broken cleat on the crawler- transporter, found as it was moving up the incline on Launch Pad 39B. The Shuttle retreated to level ground so the broken cleat could be repaired. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections.

STS-97 Mission Specialist Garneau with full launch and entry suit during pre-pack and fit check

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

During pre-pack and fit check in the Operations and Checkout Building, STS-97 Commander Brent Jett gets help with his gloves from suit technician Bill Todd. Mission STS-97 is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST.

STS-97 Mission Specialist Garneau during pre-pack and fit check

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

STS-97 Mission Specialist Marc Garneau gets help with his boots from suit technician Tommy McDonald during pre-pack and fit check. Garneau is with the Canadian Space Agency. Mission STS-97 is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST.

STS-112 crew during TCDT activities with M-113 carrier

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. - STS-112 Pilot Pamela Melroy is ready for her practice run driving the M-113 armored personnel carrier. Melroy and the rest of the crew are at KSC for Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown. Mission STS-112 aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 2, between 2 and 6 p.m. EDT. STS-112 is the 15th assembly mission to the International Space Station. Atlantis will be carrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure, the first starboard truss segment. The S1 will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, during the 11-day mission.

STS-112 crew during TCDT activities with M-113 carrier

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. - STS-112 Mission Specialist David Wolf is ready for his practice run driving the M-113 armored personnel carrier. Wolf and the rest of the crew are at KSC for Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown. Mission STS-112 aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 2, between 2 and 6 p.m. EDT. STS-112 is the 15th assembly mission to the International Space Station. Atlantis will be carrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure, the first starboard truss segment. The S1 will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, during the 11-day mission.

STS-112 crew during TCDT activities with M-113 carrier

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. - STS-112 Mission Specialist Piers Sellers is ready for his practice run driving the M-113 armored personnel carrier. Sellers and the rest of the crew are at KSC for Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown. Mission STS-112 aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 2, between 2 and 6 p.m. EDT. STS-112 is the 15th assembly mission to the International Space Station. Atlantis will be carrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure, the first starboard truss segment. The S1 will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, during the 11-day mission.

STS-112 crew during TCDT activities with M-113 carrier

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-112 Commander Jeffrey Ashby is ready for his practice run driving the M-113 armored personnel carrier. Ashby and the rest of the crew are at KSC for Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include emergency egress training and driving the M-113. Mission STS-112 aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 2, between 2 and 6 p.m. EDT. STS-112 is the 15th assembly mission to the International Space Station. Atlantis will be carrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure, the first starboard truss segment. The S1 will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, during the 11-day mission.

STS-112 crew during TCDT activities with M-113 carrier

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. - STS-112 Mission Specialist Sandra Magnus is ready for her practice run driving the M-113 armored personnel carrier. Magnus and the rest of the crew are at KSC for Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown. Mission STS-112 aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 2, between 2 and 6 p.m. EDT. STS-112 is the 15th assembly mission to the International Space Station. Atlantis will be carrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure, the first starboard truss segment. The S1 will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, during the 11-day mission.

KSC-07pd0361

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-02-12

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the payload changeout room (PCR) on Launch Pad 39A, the doors of the canister are opened to reveal the S3/S4 integrated truss inside. The PCR is the enclosed, environmentally controlled portion of the rotating service structure that supports cargo delivery to the pad and subsequent vertical installation into the orbiter payload bay. The truss is the payload for Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-117 to the International Space Station. The Atlantis crew will install the new truss segment, retract a set of solar arrays and unfold a new set on the starboard side of the station. Launch is targeted for March 15. Photo credit: NASA/Jack Pfaller

KSC-07pd0362

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-02-12

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the payload changeout room (PCR) on Launch Pad 39A, the doors of the canister are opened to reveal the S3/S4 integrated truss inside. The PCR is the enclosed, environmentally controlled portion of the rotating service structure that supports cargo delivery to the pad and subsequent vertical installation into the orbiter payload bay. The truss is the payload for Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-117 to the International Space Station. The Atlantis crew will install the new truss segment, retract a set of solar arrays and unfold a new set on the starboard side of the station. Launch is targeted for March 15. Photo credit: NASA/Jack Pfaller

KSC-07pd0359

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-02-12

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the payload changeout room (PCR) on Launch Pad 39A, a worker prepares the mechanism to open the doors of the canister containing the S3/S4 integrated truss. The PCR is the enclosed, environmentally controlled portion of the rotating service structure that supports cargo delivery to the pad and subsequent vertical installation into the orbiter payload bay. The truss is the payload for Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-117 to the International Space Station. The Atlantis crew will install the new truss segment, retract a set of solar arrays and unfold a new set on the starboard side of the station. Launch is targeted for March 15. Photo credit: NASA/Jack Pfaller

Integrated topology and shape optimization in structural design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bremicker, M.; Chirehdast, M.; Kikuchi, N.; Papalambros, P. Y.

1990-01-01

Structural optimization procedures usually start from a given design topology and vary its proportions or boundary shapes to achieve optimality under various constraints. Two different categories of structural optimization are distinguished in the literature, namely sizing and shape optimization. A major restriction in both cases is that the design topology is considered fixed and given. Questions concerning the general layout of a design (such as whether a truss or a solid structure should be used) as well as more detailed topology features (e.g., the number and connectivities of bars in a truss or the number of holes in a solid) have to be resolved by design experience before formulating the structural optimization model. Design quality of an optimized structure still depends strongly on engineering intuition. This article presents a novel approach for initiating formal structural optimization at an earlier stage, where the design topology is rigorously generated in addition to selecting shape and size dimensions. A three-phase design process is discussed: an optimal initial topology is created by a homogenization method as a gray level image, which is then transformed to a realizable design using computer vision techniques; this design is then parameterized and treated in detail by sizing and shape optimization. A fully automated process is described for trusses. Optimization of two dimensional solid structures is also discussed. Several application-oriented examples illustrate the usefulness of the proposed methodology.

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

1995-04-17

This computer generated scene of the International Space Station (ISS) represents the first addition of hardware following the completion of Phase II. The 8-A Phase shows the addition of the S-9 truss.

Graphic kinematics, visual virtual work and elastographics

PubMed Central

Konstantatou, Marina; Athanasopoulos, Georgios; Hannigan, Laura

2017-01-01

In this paper, recent progress in graphic statics is combined with Williot displacement diagrams to create a graphical description of both statics and kinematics for two- and three-dimensional pin-jointed trusses. We begin with reciprocal form and force diagrams. The force diagram is dissected into its component cells which are then translated relative to each other. This defines a displacement diagram which is topologically equivalent to the form diagram (the structure). The various contributions to the overall Virtual Work appear as parallelograms (for two-dimensional trusses) or parallelopipeds (for three-dimensional trusses) that separate the force and the displacement pieces. Structural mechanisms can be identified by translating the force cells such that their shared faces slide across each other without separating. Elastic solutions can be obtained by choosing parallelograms or parallelopipeds of the appropriate aspect ratio. Finally, a new type of ‘elastographic’ diagram—termed a deformed Maxwell–Williot diagram (two-dimensional) or a deformed Rankine–Williot diagram (three-dimensional)—is presented which combines the deflected structure with the forces carried by its members. PMID:28573030

Applying transfer matrix method to the estimation of the modal characteristics of the NASA Mini-Mass Truss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shen, Ji-Yao; Taylor, Lawrence W., Jr.

1994-01-01

It is beneficial to use a distributed parameter model for large space structures because the approach minimizes the number of model parameters. Holzer's transfer matrix method provides a useful means to simplify and standardize the procedure for solving the system of partial differential equations. Any large space structures can be broken down into sub-structures with simple elastic and dynamical properties. For each single element, such as beam, tether, or rigid body, we can derive the corresponding transfer matrix. Combining these elements' matrices enables the solution of the global system equations. The characteristics equation can then be formed by satisfying the appropriate boundary conditions. Then natural frequencies and mode shapes can be determined by searching the roots of the characteristic equation at frequencies within the range of interest. This paper applies this methodology, and the maximum likelihood estimation method, to refine the modal characteristics of the NASA Mini-Mast Truss by successively matching the theoretical response to the test data of the truss. The method is being applied to more complex configurations.

Robot-friendly connector. [space truss structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parma, George F. (Inventor); Vandeberghe, Mark H. (Inventor); Ruiz, Steve C. (Inventor)

1993-01-01

Robot friendly connectors, which, in one aspect, are truss joints with two parts, a receptacle and a joint, are presented. The joints have a head which is loosely inserted into the receptacle and is then tightened and aligned. In one aspect, the head is a rounded hammerhead which initially is enclosed in the receptacle with sloppy fit provided by the shape, size, and configuration of surfaces on the head and on the receptacle.

Adjustable-Torque Truss-Joint Mechanism

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bush, Harold G.; Wallsom, Richard E.

1993-01-01

Threaded pin tightened or loosened; tedious trial-and-error procedure shortened. Mechanism joining strut and node in truss structure preloaded to desired stress to ensure tight, compressive fit preventing motion of strut during loading or vibration. Preload stress on stack of Belleville spring washers adjusted by tightening or loosening threaded Belleville-washer-alignment pin. Pin turned, by use of allen wrench, to adjust compression preload on Belleville washers and adjusts joint-operating torque.

Tension Behaviour on the Connection of the Cold-Formed Cut-Curved Steel Channel Section

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sani, Mohd Syahrul Hisyam Mohd; Muftah, Fadhluhartini; Fakri Muda, Mohd; Siang Tan, Cher

2017-08-01

Cold-formed steel (CFS) are utilised as a non-structural and structural element in construction activity especially a residential house and small building roof truss system. CFS with a lot of advantages and some of disadvantages such as buckling that must be prevented for roof truss production are being studied equally. CFS was used as a top chord of the roof truss system which normally a slender section is dramatically influenced to buckling failure and instability of the structure. So, the curved section is produced for a top chord for solving the compression member of the roof truss. Besides, there are lacked of design and production information about the CFS curved channel section. In the study, the CFS is bent by using a cut-curved method because of ease of production, without the use of skilled labour and high cost machine. The tension behaviour of the strengthening method of cut-curved or could be recognised as a connection of the cut-curved section was tested and analysed. There are seven types of connection was selected. From the testing and observation, it is shown the specimen with full weld along the cut section and adds with flange element plate with two self-drilling screws (F7A) was noted to have a higher value of ultimate load. Finally, there are three alternative methods of connection for CFS cut-curved that could be a reference for a contractor and further design.

Extravehicular activity translation arm (EVATA) study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Preiswerk, P. R.; Stammreich, J. R.

1978-01-01

The preliminary design of a deployable Extravehicular Activity Translation Arm (EVATA) assembly which will allow an EVA crewman to perform tasks in the vicinity of the External TNK (ET) umbilical doors and to inspect most of the underside of the shuttle spacecraft is reported. The concept chosen for the boom structure was the Astro Extendable Support Structure (ESS) which formed the main structure for the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Antenna System on the SEASAT A spacecraft. This structure is a deployable triangular truss. A comparison of the EVATA and the SEASAT A ESS is shown. The development of status of the ESS is shown. The satellite configuration, the stowed truss load path, and the envelope deployment sequence for the ESS are also shown.

STS-112 crew walks out of O&C building before launch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The STS-112 crew wave to spectators as they exit the Operations and Checkout Building for their ride to Launch Pad 39B and the launch scheduled 3:46 p.m. EDT. Leading the way are Pilot Pamela Melroy and Commander Jeffrey Ashby. In the second row are Mission Specialists David Wolf (left) and Sandra Magnus. Behind them are Mission Specialists Fyodor Yurchikhin and Piers Sellers. Sellers, Magnus and Yurchikhin are making their first Shuttle flights. STS-112 is the 15th assembly flight to the International Space Station, carrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure, the first starboard truss segment, to be attached to the central truss segment, S0, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart A. The CETA is the first of two human-powered carts that will ride along the ISS railway, providing mobile work platforms for future spacewalking astronauts. On the 11-day mission, three spacewalks are planned to attach the S1 truss to the Station.

STS-112 Crew exit O&C building before launch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The STS-112 crew eagerly exit the Operations and Checkout Building for their ride to Launch Pad 39B and the launch scheduled 3:46 p.m. EDT. Leading the way are Pilot Pamela Melroy and Commander Jeffrey Ashby. In the second row are Mission Specialists David Wolf (left) and Sandra Magnus. Behind them are Mission Specialists Fyodor Yurchikhin and Piers Sellers. Sellers, Magnus and Yurchikhin are making their first Shuttle flights. STS-112 is the 15th assembly flight to the International Space Station, carrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure, the first starboard truss segment, to be attached to the central truss segment, S0, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart A. The CETA is the first of two human-powered carts that will ride along the ISS railway, providing mobile work platforms for future spacewalking astronauts. On the 11-day mission, three spacewalks are planned to attach the S1 truss to the Station. [Photo courtesy of Scott Andrews

EVA assembly of large space structure element

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bement, L. J.; Bush, H. G.; Heard, W. L., Jr.; Stokes, J. W., Jr.

1981-01-01

The results of a test program to assess the potential of manned extravehicular activity (EVA) assembly of erectable space trusses are described. Seventeen tests were conducted in which six "space-weight" columns were assembled into a regular tetrahedral cell by a team of two "space"-suited test subjects. This cell represents the fundamental "element" of a tetrahedral truss structure. The tests were conducted under simulated zero-gravity conditions. Both manual and simulated remote manipulator system modes were evaluated. Articulation limits of the pressure suit and zero gravity could be accommodated by work stations with foot restraints. The results of this study have confirmed that astronaut EVA assembly of large, erectable space structures is well within man's capabilities.

KSC-02pd0387

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-04-03

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- While gathering with friends and family at the pad, the STS-110 crew poses in front of Space Shuttle Atlantis still enclosed by the Rotating Service Structure. Standing left to right are Mission Specialist Steven Smith, Jerry Ross and Lee Morin; Pilot Stephen Frick; Mission Specialist Rex Walheim; Commander Michael Bloomfield; and Mission Specialist Ellen Ochoa. The mission continues the expansion of the International Space Station by delivering and installing the S0 Integrated Truss Structure, the initial section of a framework that will eventually hold the power and cooling systems needed for future international research laboratories. The payload also comprises the Canadian Mobile Transporter (attached to the S0 truss), power distribution system modules, a heat pipe radiator for cooling, computers and a pair of rate gyroscopes. The 11-day mission is the 13th assembly flight to the ISS and includes four spacewalks to attach the S0 truss to the U.S. Lab Destiny. Launch is scheduled for April 4

KSC-02pd0388

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-04-03

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- While gathering with friends and family at the pad, the STS-110 crew poses in front of Space Shuttle Atlantis still enclosed by the Rotating Service Structure. Standing left to right are Mission Specialist Steven Smith, Jerry Ross and Lee Morin; Pilot Stephen Frick; Mission Specialist Rex Walheim; Commander Michael Bloomfield; and Mission Specialist Ellen Ochoa. The mission continues the expansion of the International Space Station by delivering and installing the S0 Integrated Truss Structure, the initial section of a framework that will eventually hold the power and cooling systems needed for future international research laboratories. The payload also comprises the Canadian Mobile Transporter (attached to the S0 truss), power distribution system modules, a heat pipe radiator for cooling, computers and a pair of rate gyroscopes. The 11-day mission is the 13th assembly flight to the ISS and includes four spacewalks to attach the S0 truss to the U.S. Lab Destiny. Launch is scheduled for April 4

Results of EVA/mobile transporter space station truss assembly tests

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Watson, Judith J.; Heard, Walter L., Jr.; Bush, Harold G.; Lake, M. S.; Jensen, J. K.; Wallsom, R. E.; Phelps, J. E.

1988-01-01

Underwater neutral buoyance tests were conducted to evaluate the use of a Mobile Transporter concept in conjunction with EVA astronauts to construct the Space Station Freedom truss structure. A three-bay orthogonal tetrahedral truss configuration with a 15 foot square cross section was repeatedly assembled by a single pair of pressure suited test subjects working from the Mobile Transporter astronaut positioning devices (mobile foot restraints). The average unit assembly time (which included integrated installation of utility trays) was 27.6 s/strut, or 6 min/bay. The results of these tests indicate that EVA assembly of space station size structures can be significantly enhanced when using a Mobile Transporter equipped with astronaut positioning devices. Rapid assembly time can be expected and are dependent primarily on the rate of translation permissible for on-orbit operations. The concept used to demonstate integrated installation of utility trays requires minimal EVA handling and consequentially, as the results show, has little impact on overall assembly time.

STS-112 crew during TCDT activities with M-113 carrier

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. - STS-112 Mission Specialist Fyodor Yurchikhin, with the Russian Space Agency, Ashby is ready for his practice run driving the M-113 armored personnel carrier. Yurchikhin and the rest of the crew are at KSC for Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown. Mission STS-112 aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 2, between 2 and 6 p.m. EDT. STS-112 is the 15th assembly mission to the International Space Station. Atlantis will be carrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure, the first starboard truss segment. The S1 will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, during the 11-day mission.

STS-112 crew during TCDT activities with M-113 carrier

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. - STS-112 Mission Specialist Sandra Magnus takes her turn driving the M-113 armored personnel carrier. Space Shuttle Atlantis is in the background. Magnus and the rest of the crew are at KSC for Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown. Mission STS-112 aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 2, between 2 and 6 p.m. EDT. STS-112 is the 15th assembly mission to the International Space Station. Atlantis will be carrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure, the first starboard truss segment. The S1 will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, during the 11-day mission.

KSC-02pd1379

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-09-29

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-112 Mission Specialist Sandra Magnus is happy to return to KSC to prepare for launch. She will be making her first Shuttle flight. STS-112, aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis, is the 15th assembly mission to the International Space Station. Atlantis will be carrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure, the first starboard truss segment, to be attached to the central truss segment, S0, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart A. The CETA is the first of two human-powered carts that will ride along the ISS railway, providing mobile work platforms for future spacewalking astronauts. The 11-day mission includes three spacewalks. Launch is scheduled for Oct. 2 between 2 and 6 p.m.

PaR Tensile Truss for Nuclear Decontamination and Decommissioning - 12467

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Doebler, Gary R.

2012-07-01

Remote robotics and manipulators are commonly used in nuclear decontamination and decommissioning (D and D) processes. D and D robots are often deployed using rigid telescoping masts in order to apply and counteract side loads. However, for very long vertical reaches (15 meters or longer) and high lift capacities, a telescopic is usually not practical due to the large cross section and weight required to make the mast stiff and resist seismic forces. For those long vertical travel applications, PaR Systems has recently developed the Tensile Truss, a rigid, hoist-driven 'structure' that employs six independent wire rope hoists to achievemore » long vertical reaches. Like a mast, the Tensile Truss is typically attached to a bridge-mounted trolley and is used as a platform for robotic manipulators and other remotely operated tools. For suspended, rigid deployment of D and D tools with very long vertical reaches, the Tensile Truss can be a better alternative than a telescoping mast. Masts have length limitations that can make them impractical or unworkable as lengths increase. The Tensile Truss also has the added benefits of increased safety, ease of decontamination, superior stiffness and ability to withstand excessive side loading. A Tensile Truss system is currently being considered for D and D operations and spent fuel recovery at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan. This system will deploy interchangeable tools such as underwater hydraulic manipulators, hydraulic shears and crushers, grippers and fuel grapples. (authors)« less

Evaluation of Extended Wall OSB Sheathing Connection under Combined Uplift and Shear Loading for 24-inch Heel Trusses

Treesearch

Vladimir Kochkin; Andrew DeRenzis; Xiping Wang

2014-01-01

This study was designed to evaluate the performance of the extended wall structural panel connection in resisting combined uplift and shear forces at the roof-to-wall interface with a focus on a truss heel height of 24 in. to address the expected increases in the depth of attic insulation used in Climate Zones 5 and higher. Five full-size roof-wall assemblies were...

EVA Suits Arrival

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-01-01

Extravehicular Activity (EVA) suits packed inside containers arrive at the Space Station Processing Facility from Johnson Space Center in Texas. The suits will be used by STS-117 crew members to perform several spacewalks during the mission. The mission payload aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis is the S3/S4 integrated truss structure, along with a third set of solar arrays and batteries. The crew of six astronauts will install the truss to continue assembly of the International Space Station.

Structural optimization and recent large ground antenna installations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Levy, Roy

1989-01-01

Within the past several years, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory has designed and built major ground antenna structures in Spain, Australia, and California. One of the antennas at each location is a 70 meter-diameter structure that is a retrofit of the existing 64 meter antenna. The 64 meter existing antennas were first stripped back to a 34 meter interior and then completely new construction with deeper trusses was added to extend the interior to 70 meters. The 70 meter project included the rare opportunity to collect field data to compare with predictions of the finite-element analytical models. The new quadripod design was tested for its lower mode natural frequencies and the main reflector was measured by theodolite to determine deflections of subsets of the backup-structure deformations under load. The emphasis here is to examine measurement results and possibly provide some appreciation of the relationship of predictions made from the design model to actual measurements.

Application of truss analysis for the quantification of changes in fish condition

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fitzgerald, Dean G.; Nanson, Jeffrey W.; Todd, Thomas N.; Davis, Bruce M.

2002-01-01

Conservation of skeletal structure and unique body ratios in fishes facilitated the development of truss analysis as a taxonomic tool to separate physically-similar species. The methodology is predicated on the measurement of across-body distances from a sequential series of connected polygons. Changes in body shape or condition among members of the same species can be quantified with the same technique, and we conducted a feeding experiment using yellow perch (Perca flavescens) to examine the utility of this approach. Ration size was used as a surrogate for fish condition, with fish receiving either a high (3.0% body wt/d) or a low ration (0.5%). Sequentially over our 11-week experiment, replicate ration groups of fish were removed and photographed while control fish were repeatedly weighed and measured. Standard indices of condition (total lipids, weight-length ratios, Fulton's condition) were compared to truss measurements determined from digitized pictures of fish. Condition indices showed similarity between rations while truss measures from the caudal region were important for quantifying changing body shape. These findings identify truss analysis as having use beyond traditional applications. It can potentially be used as a cheap, accurate, and precise descriptor of fish condition in the lab as shown here, and we hypothesize that it would be applicable in field studies.

Experimental results of active control on a large structure to suppress vibration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dunn, H. J.

1991-01-01

Three design methods, Linear Quadratic Gaussian with Loop Transfer Recovery (LQG/LTR), H-infinity, and mu-synthesis, are used to obtain compensators for suppressing the vibrations of a 10-bay vertical truss structure, a component typical of what may be used to build a large space structure. For the design process the plant dynamic characteristics of the structure were determined experimentally using an identification method. The resulting compensators were implemented on a digital computer and tested for their ability to suppress the first bending mode response of the 10-bay vertical truss. Time histories of the measured motion are presented, and modal damping obtained during the experiments are compared with analytical predictions. The advantages and disadvantages of using the various design methods are discussed.

KSC-03PD-2142

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. In the Space Station Processing Facility, STS-120 Mission Specialists Michael Foreman (third from right) and STS-115 Mission Specialists Joseph Tanner (second from right) and Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper (right) look over the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) Pressurized Module. Known as Kibo, the JEM consists of six components: two research facilities -- the Pressurized Module and Exposed Facility; a Logistics Module attached to each of them; a Remote Manipulator System; and an Inter-Orbit Communication System unit. Kibo also has a scientific airlock through which experiments are transferred and exposed to the external environment of space. The various components of JEM will be assembled in space over the course of three Space Shuttle missions. STS-115 will deliver the second port truss segment, the P3/P4 Truss, to attach to the first port truss segment, the P1 Truss, as well as deploy solar array sets 2A and 4A.. STS-120 will deliver the second of three Station connecting modules, Node 2, which attaches to the end of U.S. Lab. It will provide attach locations for the Japanese laboratory, European laboratory, the Centrifuge Accommodation Module and later Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules. The addition of Node 2 will complete the U.S. core of the International Space Station.

Compression member response of steel angle on truss structure with variation of single and double sections

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Panjaitan, Arief; Hasibuan, Purwandy

2018-05-01

Implementation of an axial compression load on the steel angle can be found at the various structure such as truss system on telecommunication tower. For telecommunication tower, steel angle section can be suggested as an alternative solution due to its assembling easiness as well as its strength. But, antennas and microwaves installation that keep increases every time on this structure demand reinforcement on each leg of the tower structure. One solution suggested is reinforcement with increasing areas section capacity, where tower leg consisted of single angle section will be reinforced to be double angle section. Regarding this case, this research discussed the behavior of two types of steel angle section: single angle of L.30.30.3 and double angles of 2L.30.30.3. These two sections were designed identically in length (103 cm) and tested by axial compression load. At the first step, compression member together with tension member was formed to be a truss system, where compression and tension member were met at a joint plate. Schematic loading was implemented by giving tension loading on the joint plate until failure of specimens. Experimental work findings showed that implementing double angle sections (103 cm) significantly increased compression capacity of steel angle section up to 118 %.

On the apparent insignificance of the randomness of flexible joints on large space truss dynamics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Koch, R. M.; Klosner, J. M.

1993-01-01

Deployable periodic large space structures have been shown to exhibit high dynamic sensitivity to period-breaking imperfections and uncertainties. These can be brought on by manufacturing or assembly errors, structural imperfections, as well as nonlinear and/or nonconservative joint behavior. In addition, the necessity of precise pointing and position capability can require the consideration of these usually negligible and unknown parametric uncertainties and their effect on the overall dynamic response of large space structures. This work describes the use of a new design approach for the global dynamic solution of beam-like periodic space structures possessing parametric uncertainties. Specifically, the effect of random flexible joints on the free vibrations of simply-supported periodic large space trusses is considered. The formulation is a hybrid approach in terms of an extended Timoshenko beam continuum model, Monte Carlo simulation scheme, and first-order perturbation methods. The mean and mean-square response statistics for a variety of free random vibration problems are derived for various input random joint stiffness probability distributions. The results of this effort show that, although joint flexibility has a substantial effect on the modal dynamic response of periodic large space trusses, the effect of any reasonable uncertainty or randomness associated with these joint flexibilities is insignificant.

KSC-00padig100

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-27

After their arrival at the Shuttle Landing Facility, the STS-97 crew gather to address the media. At the microphone is Mission Specialist Carlos Noriega. Behind him stand Commander Brent Jett, Pilot Michael Bloomfield and Mission Specialists Joseph Tanner and Marc Garneau, who is with the Canadian Space Agency. Mission STS-97is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST

KSC00pp1753

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-27

At the Shuttle Landing Facility, Center Director Roy Bridges (left) greets STS-97 Commander Brent Jett on his arrival at KSC for the mission launch. At right is Mission Specialist Carlos Noriega. Jett and Noriega traveled from Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, in the T-38 jet aircraft behind them. Mission STS-97is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST

KSC-00padig064

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

This close-up shows the crawler-transporter’s broken cleat (center left, with a yellow ribbon around it) that caused the backward trek of Space Shuttle Endeavour from Launch Pad 39B. The Shuttle retreated to level ground so the broken cleat could be repaired. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC-00pp1753

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-27

At the Shuttle Landing Facility, Center Director Roy Bridges (left) greets STS-97 Commander Brent Jett on his arrival at KSC for the mission launch. At right is Mission Specialist Carlos Noriega. Jett and Noriega traveled from Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, in the T-38 jet aircraft behind them. Mission STS-97is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST

KSC00padig060

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Space Shuttle Endeavour is nearly through the gate on its backward trek from Launch Pad 39B. A broken cleat on the crawler-transporter forced the reverse movement so the cleat could be repaired before moving up the incline to the top of the pad. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC-00pp1759

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-27

After arriving at the Shuttle Landing Facility, the STS-97 crew gather to address the media. At the microphone is Mission Specialist Marc Garneau, who is with the Canadian Space Agency. Behind him can be seen Mission Specialists Joseph Tanner (left) and Carlos Noriega. Mission STS-97 is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST

KSC-00padig062

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

This close-up shows the crawler-transporter’s broken cleat (center foreground, with a yellow ribbon around it) that caused the backward trek of Space Shuttle Endeavour from Launch Pad 39B. The Shuttle retreated to level ground so the broken cleat could be repaired. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC-00padig102

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-27

After their arrival at the Shuttle Landing Facility, the STS-97 crew gather to address the media. At the microphone is Mission Specialist Marc Garneau, who is with the Canadian Space Agency. Behind him stand Commander Brent Jett, Pilot Michael Bloomfield and Mission Specialists Joseph Tanner and Carlos Noriega. Mission STS-97is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST

KSC-00padig101

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-27

After their arrival at the Shuttle Landing Facility, the STS-97 crew gather to address the media. At the microphone is Mission Specialist Joseph Tanner. Behind him stand Commander Brent Jett, Pilot Michael Bloomfield and Mission Specialists Marc Garneau, who is with the Canadian Space Agency, and Carlos Noriega. Mission STS-97is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST

KSC-00padig061

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Space Shuttle Endeavour is again on level ground after its backward trek from Launch Pad 39B. A broken cleat on the crawler-transporter forced the reverse movement so the cleat could be repaired before moving up the incline to the top of the pad. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC-00padig099

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-27

After their arrival at the Shuttle Landing Facility, the STS-97 crew gather to address the media. At the microphone is Pilot Michael Bloomfield. Behind him stand Commander Brent Jett and Mission Specialists Joseph Tanner, Carolos Noriega and Marc Garneau, who is with the Canadian Space Agency. Mission STS-97is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST

KSC-00padig089

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-08

STS-97 Mission Specialist Joe Tanner settles into his seat in Space Shuttle Endeavour on Launch Pad 39B. He and the rest of the crew are taking part in a simulated launch countdown, part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities that also include emergency egress training and familiarization with the payload. Mission STS-97 is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at 10:05 p.m. EST

KSC00padig061

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Space Shuttle Endeavour is again on level ground after its backward trek from Launch Pad 39B. A broken cleat on the crawler-transporter forced the reverse movement so the cleat could be repaired before moving up the incline to the top of the pad. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC-00padig060

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Space Shuttle Endeavour is nearly through the gate on its backward trek from Launch Pad 39B. A broken cleat on the crawler-transporter forced the reverse movement so the cleat could be repaired before moving up the incline to the top of the pad. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

Congressman Dave Weldon enjoys viewing the STS-97 launch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

Florida Congressman Dave Weldon enjoys the on-time launch of Space Shuttle Endeavour on the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Weldon and other guests of NASA viewed the launch from the Banana Creek VIP viewing site. Liftoff of Endeavour occurred at 10:06:01 p.m. EST. Endeavour is transporting the P6 Integrated Truss Structure that comprises Solar Array Wing-3 and the Integrated Electronic Assembly, to provide power to the Space Station. The 11-day mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. Endeavour is expected to land Dec. 11 at 6:19 p.m. EST.

A closeup of the broken cleat on the crawler-transporter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

This closeup shows the crawler-transporter's broken cleat (center foreground, with a yellow ribbon around it) that caused the backward trek of Space Shuttle Endeavour from Launch Pad 39B. The Shuttle retreated to level ground so the broken cleat could be repaired. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections.

A closeup of the broken cleat on the crawler-transporter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

This closeup shows the crawler-transporter's broken cleat (center left, with a yellow ribbon around it) that caused the backward trek of Space Shuttle Endeavour from Launch Pad 39B. The Shuttle retreated to level ground so the broken cleat could be repaired. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections.

The role of Space Station Freedom in the Human Exploration Initiative

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ahlf, P. R.; Saucillo, R. J.; Meredith, B. D.; Peach, L. L.

1990-01-01

Exploration accommodation requirements for Space Station Freedom (SSF) and mission-supporting capabilities have been studied. For supporting the Human Exploration Initiative (HEI), SSF will accommodate two functions with augmentations to the baseline Assembly Complete configuration. First, it will be an earth-orbiting transportation node providing facilities and resources (crew, power, communications) for space vehicle assembly, testing, processing and postflight servicing. Second, it will be an in-space laboratory for science research and technology development. The evolutionary design of SSF will allow the on-orbit addition of pressurized laboratory and habitation modules, power generation equipment, truss structure, and unpressurized vehicle processing platforms.

Baseline tests of an autonomous telerobotic system for assembly of space truss structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rhodes, Marvin D.; Will, Ralph W.; Quach, Coung

1994-01-01

Several proposed space missions include precision reflectors that are larger in diameter than any current or proposed launch vehicle. Most of these reflectors will require a truss structure to accurately position the reflector panels and these reflectors will likely require assembly in orbit. A research program has been conducted at the NASA Langley Research Center to develop the technology required for the robotic assembly of truss structures. The focus of this research has been on hardware concepts, computer software control systems, and operator interfaces necessary to perform supervised autonomous assembly. A special facility was developed and four assembly and disassembly tests of a 102-strut tetrahedral truss have been conducted. The test procedures were developed around traditional 'pick-and-place' robotic techniques that rely on positioning repeatability for successful operation. The data from two of the four tests were evaluated and are presented in this report. All operations in the tests were controlled by predefined sequences stored in a command file, and the operator intervened only when the system paused because of the failure of an actuator command. The tests were successful in identifying potential pitfalls in a telerobotic system, many of which would not have been readily anticipated or incurred through simulation studies. Addressing the total integrated task, instead of bench testing the component parts, forced all aspects of the task to be evaluated. Although the test results indicate that additional developments should be pursued, no problems were encountered that would preclude automated assembly in space as a viable construction method.

Research notes : faster load rating for steel truss bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-03-01

The Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) Bridge Engineering Section recently completed a project with Oregon State University to develop a viable, more cost-effective alternative to the manually collected field measurement procedure. The new me...

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-09-17

This view of the International Space Station, back dropped against the blackness of space and Earth, was taken shortly after the Space Shuttle Atlantis undocked from the orbital outpost at 7:50 a.m. CDT during the STS-115 mission. The unlinking completed after six days, two hours and two minutes of joint operations of the installation of the P3/P4 truss. The new 17 ton truss included batteries, electronics, a giant rotating joint, and sported a second pair of 240-foot solar wings. The new solar arrays will eventually double the onboard power of the Station when their electrical systems are brought online during the next shuttle flight, STS-116.

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-09-17

This view of the International Space Station, back dropped against the blackness of space, was taken shortly after the Space Shuttle Atlantis undocked from the orbital outpost at 7:50 a.m. CDT during the STS-115 mission. The unlinking completed after six days, two hours and two minutes of joint operations of the installation of the P3/P4 truss. The new 17 ton truss included batteries, electronics, a giant rotating joint, and sported a second pair of 240-foot solar wings. The new solar arrays will eventually double the onboard power of the Station when their electrical systems are brought online during the next shuttle flight, STS-116.

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-08-01

The STS-110 mission began the third and final phase of construction for the International Space Station (ISS) by delivering and installing the Starboard side S0 (S-zero) truss segment that was carried into orbit in the payload bay of the Space Shuttle Atlantis. The STS-110 crew patch is patterned after the cross section of the S0 truss, and encases the launch of the Shuttle Atlantis and a silhouette of the ISS as it will look following mission completion. The successfully installed S0 segment is highlighted in gold. The three prominent flames blasting from the shuttle emphasizes the first shuttle flight to use three Block II Main Engines.

KSC-07pd1423

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-06-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-117 Mission Specialist Patrick Forrester completes his suitup for launch of Space Shuttle Atlantis at 7:38 p.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39A. The shuttle is delivering a new segment to the starboard side of the International Space Station's backbone, known as the truss. Three spacewalks are planned to install the S3/S4 truss segment, deploy a set of solar arrays and prepare them for operation. STS-117 is the 118th space shuttle flight, the 21st flight to the station, the 28th flight for Atlantis and the first of four flights planned for 2007. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Extravehicular activity compatibility evaluation of developmental hardware for assembly and repair of precision reflectors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heard, Walter L., Jr.; Lake, Mark S.; Bush, Harold G.; Jensen, J. Kermit; Phelps, James E.; Wallsom, Richard E.

1992-01-01

This report presents results of tests performed in neutral buoyancy by two pressure-suited test subjects to simulate Extravehicular Activity (EVA) tasks associated with the on-orbit construction and repair of a precision reflector spacecraft. Two complete neutral buoyancy assemblies of the test article (tetrahedral truss with three attached reflector panels) were performed. Truss joint hardware, two different panel attachment hardware concepts, and a panel replacement tool were evaluated. The test subjects found the operation and size of the truss joint hardware to be acceptable. Both panel attachment concepts were found to be EVA compatible, although one concept was judged by the test subjects to be considerably easier to operate. The average time to install a panel from a position within arm's reach of the test subjects was 1 min 14 sec. The panel replacement tool was used successfully to demonstrate the removal and replacement of a damaged reflector panel in 10 min 25 sec.

11. INTERIOR OF ATTIC, VIEW FROM SOUTH END LOOKING AT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. INTERIOR OF ATTIC, VIEW FROM SOUTH END LOOKING AT ROOF STRUCTURE ON EAST SIDE OF BUILDING. NOTE HEAVY TIMBER TRUSS SYSTEM WITH THIN, VERTICAL METAL SUPPORTS. THESE SUPPORTS WERE PROBABLY ADDED AFTER ALTERATIONS ON THE LOWER FLOORS IN THE LATE 1930s. THE PEELING PAINT ON THE TRUSS TIMBERS AND BEADED HORIZONTAL PANELING FURTHER INDICATES THAT THIS SPACE WAS FINISHED FOR USE AS A PRODUCTION AREA. - Graniteville Mill, Marshall Street, Graniteville, Aiken County, SC

Department of the Navy. FY 1994/FY 1995 Biennial Budget Estimates. Military Construction Program. FY 1994

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-01

3 are severely deteriorated. The concrete deck and supporting wood -pile structure are nearing the end of their life cycle. Both piers are to be...PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION One-story building with concrete foundation walls, load bearing masonry walls, and concrete floors; roof with wood truss framing...concrete building addition; concrete foundation and slab on grade; wood truss roof; 750 KVA. 3 phase transformer; utilities; concrete and storm drain. 11

KSC-07pd0490

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-02-22

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At the 195-foot level of the fixed service structure on Launch Pad 39A, STS-117 crew members receive instruction on emergency egress during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities. Pilot Lee Archambault reviews emergency egress procedures using the slidewire basket system to get off the pad. The TCDT also includes M-113 armored personnel carrier training, and a simulated launch countdown. The mission payload aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis is the S3/S4 integrated truss structure, along with a third set of solar arrays and batteries. The crew of six astronauts will install the truss to continue assembly of the International Space Station. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Compression member response of double steel angles on truss structure with member length variation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasibuan, Purwandy; Panjaitan, Arief; Haiqal, Muhammad

2018-05-01

One type of structures that implements steel angles as its members is truss system of telecommunication tower. For this structure, reinforcements on tower legs are also needed when antennas and microwaves installation placed on the peak of tower increases in quantity. One type of reinforcement methods commonly used is by increasing areas section capacity, where tower leg consisted of single angle section will be reinforced to be double angle sections. Regarding this case, this research discussed behavior two types of double angle steel section 2L 30.30.3 that were designed identically in area section but vary in length: 103 cm and 83 cm. At the first step, compression member together with tension member was formed to be a truss system, where compression and tension member were met at the joint plate. Schematic loading was implemented by giving tension loading on the joint plate, and this loading was terminated when each specimen reached its failure. Research findings showed that implementing shorter double angle (83 cm) sections, increased compression strength of steel angle section up to 13 %. Significant deformation occurring only on the flange for both of specimens indicated that implementing double angle is effective to prevent lateral-torsional buckling.

Structural load control during construction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mikulas, Martin M., Jr.

1991-01-01

In the absence of gravitational pull, the major design considerations for large space structures are stiffness for controllability, and transient dynamic loadings (as opposed to the traditional static load associated with earth-based structures). Because of the absence of gravitational loading, space structures can be designed to be significantly lighter than their counterparts on Earth. For example, the Space Shuttle manipulator arm is capable of moving and positioning a 60,000 lb payload, yet weighs less than 1,000 lbs. A recent design for the Space Station which had a total weight of about 500,000 lbs. used a primary loadcarrying keel beam which weighed less than 10,000 lbs. For many large space structures designs it is quite common for the load-carrying structure to have a mass fraction on the order of one or two percent of the total spacecraft mass. This significant weight reduction for large space structures is commonly accompanied by very low natural frequencies. These low frequencies cause an unprecedented level of operational complexity for mission applications which require a high level of positioning and control accuracy. This control problem is currently the subject of considerable research directed towards reducing the flexibility problem. In addition, however, the small mass fraction typically results in structures which are quite unforgiving to inadvertent high loadings. In other words, the structures are 'fragile.' In order to deal with the fragility issue CSC developed a load-limiting concept for space truss structures. This concept is aimed at limiting the levels of load which can occur in a large space structure during the construction process as well as during subsequent operations. Currently, the approach for dealing with large loadings is to make the structure larger. The impact this has on construction is significant. The larger structures are more difficult to package in the launch vehicle, and in fact in some instances the concept must be changed from a deployable truss to an erectable truss to permit packaging. The new load-limiting concept is aimed at permitting the use in large space structures of smaller trusses with a high level of strength robustness, in order to simplify the construction process. To date several analyses conducted on the concept have demonstrated its feasibility, and an experiment is currently being designed to demonstrate its operation.

STS-112 Atlantis Launch from LC-39B

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Space Shuttle Atlantis roars into the clear blue sky from the billows of smoke below after launch on mission STS-112, the 15th assembly flight to the International Space Station. Liftoff from Launch Pad 39B occurred at 3:46 p.m. EDT. Atlantis carries the S1 Integrated Truss Structure and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart A. The CETA is the first of two human-powered carts that will ride along the ISS railway, providing mobile work platforms for future spacewalking astronauts. On the 11-day mission, three spacewalks are planned to attach the S1 truss. providing mobile work platforms for future spacewalking astronauts. On the 11-day mission, three spacewalks are planned to attach the S1 truss to the Station.

STS-112 crew arrives at KSC's SLF for launch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-112 Mission Specialist Fyodor Yurchikhin, who is with the Russian Space Agency, shows his happiness at returning to KSC to prepare for launch. He will be making his first Shuttle flight. STS-112, aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis, is the 15th assembly mission to the International Space Station. Atlantis will be carrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure, the first starboard truss segment, to be attached to the central truss segment, S0, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart A. The CETA is the first of two human-powered carts that will ride along the ISS railway, providing mobile work platforms for future spacewalking astronauts. The 11-day mission includes three spacewalks. Launch is scheduled for Oct. 2 betw een 2 and 6 p.m.

KSC-02pd1698

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-11-10

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Space Shuttle Endeavour stands ready for launch on mission STS-113. . The Orbiter Access Arm extends from the Fixed Service Structure (FSS) to the crew compartment hatch, through which the STS-113 crew will enter Endeavour. STS-113 is the 16th American assembly flight to the International Space Station. The primary mission is bringing the Expedition 6 crew to the Station and returning the Expedition 5 crew to Earth. The major objective of the mission is delivery of the Port 1 (P1) Integrated Truss Assembly, which will be attached to the port side of the S0 truss. Three spacewalks are planned to install and activate the truss and its associated equipment. Launch of Space Shuttle Endeavour on mission STS-113 is scheduled for Nov. 11 at 12:58 a.m. EST.

KSC-06pd1670

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-26

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Shortly after midnight, the payload canister makes a slow journey to Launch Pad 39B. Inside the canister is the payload for Atlantis and mission STS-115, the Port 3/4 truss segment with two large solar arrays. The payload changeout room provides an environmentally clean or "white room" condition in which to receive a payload transferred from a protective payload canister. After the shuttle arrives at the pad, the rotating service structure will close around it and the payload will then be transferred into Atlantis' payload bay. Atlantis' launch window begins Aug. 28. During its 11-day mission to the International Space Station, the STS-115 crew of six astronauts will install the truss, a 17-ton segment of the space station's truss backbone. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

System Identification of Damped Truss-Like Space Structures. Ph.D. Thesis - Cleveland State Univ., Mar. 1994

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Armand, Sasan

1995-01-01

A spacecraft payload flown on a launch vehicle experiences dynamic loads. The dynamic loads are caused by various phenomena ranging from the start-up of the launch vehicle engine to wind gusts. A spacecraft payload should be designed to meet launch vehicle dynamic loads. One of the major steps taken towards determining the dynamic loads is to correlate the finite element model of the spacecraft with the test results of a modal survey test. A test-verified finite element model of the spacecraft should possess the same spatial properties (stiffness, mass, and damping) and modal properties (frequencies and mode shapes) as the test hardware representing the spacecraft. The test-verified and correlated finite element model of the spacecraft is then coupled with the finite element model of the launch vehicle for analysis of loads and stress. Modal survey testing, verification of a finite element model, and modification of the finite element model to match the modal survey test results can easily be accomplished if the spacecraft structure is simple. However, this is rarely the case. A simple structure here is defined as a structure where the influence of nonlinearity between force and displacement (uncertainty in a test, for example, with errors in input and output), and the influence of damping (structural, coulomb, and viscous) are not pronounced. The objective of this study is to develop system identification and correlation methods with the focus on the structural systems that possess nonproportional damping. Two approaches to correct the nonproportional damping matrix of a truss structure were studied, and have been implemented on truss-like structures such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's space station truss. The results of this study showed nearly 100 percent improvement of the correlated eigensystem over the analytical eigensystem. The first method showed excellent results with up to three modes used in the system identification process. The second method could handle more modes, but required more computer usage time, and the results were less accurate than those of the first method.

KSC00pp1623

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Space Shuttle Endeavour appears dwarfed by the structures inside the Vehicle Assembly Building as it begins rollout to Launch Pad 39B. The Shuttle rests on top of the Mobile Launcher Platform (MLP). Underneath (bottom of photo) is the crawler-transporter that will move the Shuttle and MLP to the pad on four double-tracked crawlers. The maximum speed of the loaded transporter is 1 mph. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

Suspension Bridge Structural Systems: Cable Suspension & Anchorage; Warren Stiffening ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Suspension Bridge Structural Systems: Cable Suspension & Anchorage; Warren Stiffening Truss; Upper & Lower Decks; Assembled System - San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge, Spanning San Francisco Bay, San Francisco, San Francisco County, CA

Evaluation of Stiffness Changes in a High-Rise Building by Measurements of Lateral Displacements Using GPS Technology

PubMed Central

Choi, Se Woon; Kim, Ill Soo; Park, Jae Hwan; Kim, Yousok; Sohn, Hong Gyoo; Park, Hyo Seon

2013-01-01

The outrigger truss system is one of the most frequently used lateral load resisting structural systems. However, little research has been reported on the effect of installation of outrigger trusses on improvement of lateral stiffness of a high-rise building through full-scale measurements. In this paper, stiffness changes of a high-rise building due to installation of outrigger trusses have been evaluated by measuring lateral displacements using a global positioning system (GPS). To confirm the error range of the GPS measurement system used in the full-scale measurement tests, the GPS displacement monitoring system is investigated through a free vibration test of the experimental model. Then, for the evaluation of lateral stiffness of a high-rise building under construction, the GPS displacement monitoring system is applied to measurements of lateral displacements of a 66-story high-rise building before and after installation of outrigger truss. The stiffness improvement of the building before and after the installation is confirmed through the changes of the natural frequencies and the ratios of the base shear forces to the roof displacements. PMID:24233025

Operational fitness of box truss antennas in response to dynamic slewing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bachtell, E. E.; Bettadapur, S. S.; Schartel, W. A.; Karanian, L. A.

1985-01-01

A parametric study was performed to define slewing capability of large satellites along with associated system changes or subsystem weight and complexity impacts. The satellite configuration and structural arrangement from the Earth Observation Spacecraft (EOS) study was used as the baseline spacecraft. Varying slew rates, settling times, damping, maneuver frequencies, and attitude hold times provided the data required to establish applicability to a wide range of potential missions. The key elements of the study are: (1) determine the dynamic transient response of the antenna system; (2) calculate the system errors produced by the dynamic response; (3) determine if the antenna has exceeded operational requirements at completion of the slew, and if so; (4) determine when the antenna has settled to the operational requirements. The slew event is not considered complete until the antenna is within operational limits.

Analysis and sizing of Mars aerobrake structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raju, I. S.; Craft, W. J.

1993-01-01

A cone-sphere aeroshell structure for aerobraking into Martian atmosphere is studied. Using this structural configuration, a space frame load-bearing structure is proposed. To generate this structure efficiently and to perform a variety of studies of several configurations, a mesh generator that utilizes only a few configurational parameters is developed. A finite element analysis program that analyzes space frame structures was developed. A sizing algorithm that arrives at a minimum mass configuration was developed and integrated into the finite element analysis program. A typical 135-ft-diam aerobrake configuration was analyzed and sized. The minimum mass obtained in this study using high modulus graphite/epoxy composite material members is compared with the masses obtained from two other aerobrake structures using lightweight erectable tetrahedral truss and part-spherical truss configurations. Excellent agreement for the minimum mass was obtained with the three different aerobrake structures. Also, the minimum mass using the present structure was obtained when the supports were not at the base but at about 75 percent of the base diameter.

KSC-02pd0379

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-04-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Pad 39B, Space Shuttle Atlantis' payload bay doors are ready to be closed. The Shuttle payload includes the S0 Integrated Truss Structure (ITS), the Canadian Mobile Transporter, power distribution system modules, a heat pipe radiator for cooling, computers and a pair of rate gyroscopes. The mission is the 13th assembly flight to the ISS and includes four spacewalks to attach the S0 truss to the U.S. Lab Destiny. Launch is scheduled for April 4.

KSC-02pd0380

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-04-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Pad 39B, Space Shuttle Atlantis' payload bay doors are ready to be closed. The Shuttle payload includes the S0 Integrated Truss Structure (ITS), the Canadian Mobile Transporter, power distribution system modules, a heat pipe radiator for cooling, computers and a pair of rate gyroscopes. The mission is the 13th assembly flight to the ISS and includes four spacewalks to attach the S0 truss to the U.S. Lab Destiny. Launch is scheduled for April 4.

KSC-02PD0341

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-20

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-110 Commander Michael Bloomfield waves as he gets ready to depart KSC for Houston. He and the rest of the crew were at KSC for Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities that included payload familiarization and a simulated launch countdown. Scheduled for launch April 4, the 11-day STS-110 mission will feature Space Shuttle Atlantis docking with the International Space Station (ISS) and delivering the S0 truss, the centerpiece-segment of the primary truss structure that will eventually extend over 300 feet

KSC-07pd0498

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-02-22

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Extravehicular Activity (EVA) suits packed inside containers arrive at the Space Station Processing Facility from Johnson Space Center in Texas. The suits will be used by STS-117 crew members to perform several spacewalks during the mission. The mission payload aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis is the S3/S4 integrated truss structure, along with a third set of solar arrays and batteries. The crew of six astronauts will install the truss to continue assembly of the International Space Station. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton.

P6 Truss, port side of the Integrated Equipment Assembly (IEA)

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-12-03

STS097-374-015 (5 December 2000) --- This high angle view shows astronaut Carlos I. Noriega, STS-97 mission specialist, traversing over Endeavour's cargo bay during the flight's first space walk on Dec. 5, 2000. Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, mission specialist, was near the top of the P6 truss structure when he exposed the 35mm frame. The Canadian-built Remote Manipulator System (RMS) arm, instrumental in the current operations, can be seen at bottom right.

Weight optimization of plane truss using genetic algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neeraja, D.; Kamireddy, Thejesh; Santosh Kumar, Potnuru; Simha Reddy, Vijay

2017-11-01

Optimization of structure on basis of weight has many practical benefits in every engineering field. The efficiency is proportionally related to its weight and hence weight optimization gains prime importance. Considering the field of civil engineering, weight optimized structural elements are economical and easier to transport to the site. In this study, genetic optimization algorithm for weight optimization of steel truss considering its shape, size and topology aspects has been developed in MATLAB. Material strength and Buckling stability have been adopted from IS 800-2007 code of construction steel. The constraints considered in the present study are fabrication, basic nodes, displacements, and compatibility. Genetic programming is a natural selection search technique intended to combine good solutions to a problem from many generations to improve the results. All solutions are generated randomly and represented individually by a binary string with similarities of natural chromosomes, and hence it is termed as genetic programming. The outcome of the study is a MATLAB program, which can optimise a steel truss and display the optimised topology along with element shapes, deflections, and stress results.

KSC-02pd1697

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-11-10

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- With the Rotating Service Structure rolled back, Space Shuttle Endeavour stands ready for launch on mission STS-113. Above the golden external tank is the vent hood (known as the "beanie cap") at the end of the gaseous oxygen vent arm. Vapors are created as the liquid oxygen in the external tank boil off. The hood vents the gaseous oxygen vapors away from the Space Shuttle vehicle. The Orbiter Access Arm extends from the Fixed Service Structure (FSS) to the crew compartment hatch, through which the STS-113 crew will enter Endeavour. STS-113 is the 16th American assembly flight to the International Space Station. The primary mission is bringing the Expedition 6 crew to the Station and returning the Expedition 5 crew to Earth. The major objective of the mission is delivery of the Port 1 (P1) Integrated Truss Assembly, which will be attached to the port side of the S0 truss. Three spacewalks are planned to install and activate the truss and its associated equipment. Launch of Space Shuttle Endeavour on mission STS-113 is scheduled for Nov. 11 at 12:58 a.m. EST.

STS-110 Atlantis rolls out to Launch Pad 39-A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the foreground, white herons at the canal's edge pay scant attention the immense Space Shuttle towering above them. The Shuttle is inching its way to the top of the launch pad. In the background are seen the Rotating Service Structure (open) and the Fixed Service Structure, which holds the 80-foot lightning mast on top. The Shuttle sits on top of the Mobile Launcher Platform, which rests on the crawler-transporter. Atlantis is scheduled for launch April 4 on mission STS-110, which will install the S0 truss, the framework that eventually will hold the power and cooling systems needed for future international research laboratories on the International Space Station. The Canadarm2 robotic arm will be used exclusively to hoist the 13-ton truss from the payload bay to the Station. The S0 truss will be the first major U.S. component launched to the Station since the addition of the Quest airlock in July 2001. The four spacewalks planned for the construction will all originate from the airlock. The mission will be Atlantis' 25th trip to space.

KSC-02pd0278

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-12

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the foreground, white herons at the canal's edge pay scant attention the immense Space Shuttle towering above them. The Shuttle is inching its way to the top of the launch pad. In the background are seen the Rotating Service Structure (open) and the Fixed Service Structure, which holds the 80-foot lightning mast on top. The Shuttle sits on top of the Mobile Launcher Platform, which rests on the crawler-transporter. Atlantis is scheduled for launch April 4 on mission STS-110, which will install the S0 truss, the framework that eventually will hold the power and cooling systems needed for future international research laboratories on the International Space Station. The Canadarm2 robotic arm will be used exclusively to hoist the 13-ton truss from the payload bay to the Station. The S0 truss will be the first major U.S. component launched to the Station since the addition of the Quest airlock in July 2001. The four spacewalks planned for the construction will all originate from the airlock. The mission will be Atlantis' 25th trip to space

STS-112 crew takes a group photo at the 215-foot level

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - The STS-112 crew gathers for a group photo on the 215-foot level of the Fixed Service Structure. From left are Mission Specialists Fyodor Yurchikhin, Piers Sellers and David Wolf; Pilot Pamela Melroy; Commander Jeffrey Ashby; and Mission Specialist Sandra Magnus. Behind them at left is seen one of the white solid rocket boosters and the orange external tank on Space Shuttle Atlantis. Mission STS-112 is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 2, between 2 and 6 p.m. EDT. STS-112 is the 15th assembly mission to the International Space Station. Atlantis will be carrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure, the first starboard truss segment, to be attached to the central truss segment, S0, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart A. The CETA is the first of two human-powered carts that will ride along the ISS railway, providing mobile work platforms for future spacewalking astronauts. The 11-day mission is expected to conclude with a landing at KSC Oct. 13.

Design and Verification of Space Station EVA-Operated Truss Attachment System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Katell, Gabriel

2001-01-01

This paper describes the design and verification of a system used to attach two segments of the International Space Station (ISS). This system was first used in space to mate the P6 and Z1 trusses together in December 2000, through a combination of robotic and extravehicular tasks. Features that provided capture, coarse alignment, and fine alignment during the berthing process are described. Attachment of this high value hardware was critical to the ISS's sequential assembly, necessitating the inclusion of backup design and operational features. Astronauts checked for the proper performance of the alignment and bolting features during on-orbit operations. During berthing, the system accommodates truss-to-truss relative displacements that are caused by manufacturing tolerances and on-orbit thermal gradients. After bolt installation, the truss interface becomes statically determinate with respect to in-plane shear loads and isolates attach bolts from bending moments. The approach used to estimate relative displacements and the means of accommodating them is explained. Confidence in system performance was achieved through a cost-effective collection of tests and analyses, including thermal, structural, vibration, misalignment, contact dynamics, underwater simulation, and full-scale functional testing. Design considerations that have potential application to other mechanisms include accommodating variations of friction coefficients in the on-orbit joints, wrench torque tolerances, joint preload, moving element clearances at temperature extremes, and bolt-nut torque reaction.

Classical and Modern Design Solutions in Conceptual Design of a Pedestrian Bridge over Vistula River in Cracow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ryż, Karol; Pańtak, Marek

2017-10-01

In the paper the design concept of the steel pedestrian bridge over Vistula river in Cracow, Poland has been characterised. The footbridge was designed as a truss structure with steel pipes, Warren truss configuration, arched bottom chord and spans 15.5+120.0+15.5 m. Intensive tourist traffic around the Wawel Castle in Cracow, directed towards the historic Kazimierz district, Wawel Hill and the Old Town Market Place requires the creation of a bridge structure over the Vistula River that will meet both the communication and recreation functions. An additional aim was to design a structure which architectural form will not unduly and negatively interfere in the environment and will join the technical capabilities of the XXI century with the charm of nearby historic buildings.

Reliability-based structural optimization: A proposed analytical-experimental study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stroud, W. Jefferson; Nikolaidis, Efstratios

1993-01-01

An analytical and experimental study for assessing the potential of reliability-based structural optimization is proposed and described. In the study, competing designs obtained by deterministic and reliability-based optimization are compared. The experimental portion of the study is practical because the structure selected is a modular, actively and passively controlled truss that consists of many identical members, and because the competing designs are compared in terms of their dynamic performance and are not destroyed if failure occurs. The analytical portion of this study is illustrated on a 10-bar truss example. In the illustrative example, it is shown that reliability-based optimization can yield a design that is superior to an alternative design obtained by deterministic optimization. These analytical results provide motivation for the proposed study, which is underway.

Continuum modeling of three-dimensional truss-like space structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nayfeh, A. H.; Hefzy, M. S.

1978-01-01

A mathematical and computational analysis capability has been developed for calculating the effective mechanical properties of three-dimensional periodic truss-like structures. Two models are studied in detail. The first, called the octetruss model, is a three-dimensional extension of a two-dimensional model, and the second is a cubic model. Symmetry considerations are employed as a first step to show that the specific octetruss model has four independent constants and that the cubic model has two. The actual values of these constants are determined by averaging the contributions of each rod element to the overall structure stiffness. The individual rod member contribution to the overall stiffness is obtained by a three-dimensional coordinate transformation. The analysis shows that the effective three-dimensional elastic properties of both models are relatively close to each other.

Strengthening of competence planning truss through instructional media development details

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Handayani, Sri; Nurcahyono, M. Hadi

2017-03-01

Competency-Based Learning is a model of learning in which the planning, implementation, and assessment refers to the mastery of competencies. Learning in lectures conducted in the framework for comprehensively realizing student competency. Competence means the orientation of the learning activities in the classroom must be given to the students to be more active learning, active search for information themselves and explore alone or with friends in learning activities in pairs or in groups, learn to use a variety of learning resources and printed materials, electronic media, as well as environment. Analysis of learning wooden structure known weakness in the understanding of the truss detail. Hence the need for the development of media that can provide a clear picture of what the structure of the wooden horses and connection details. Development of instructional media consisted of three phases of activity, namely planning, production and assessment. Learning Media planning should be tailored to the needs and conditions necessary to provide reinforcement to the mastery of competencies, through the table material needs. The production process of learning media is done by using hardware (hardware) and software (software) to support the creation of a medium of learning. Assessment of the media poduk yan include feasibility studies, namely by subject matter experts, media experts, while testing was done according to the student's perception of the product. The results of the analysis of the materials for the instructional aspects of the results obtained 100% (very good) and media analysis for the design aspects of the media expressed very good with a percentage of 88.93%. While the analysis of student perceptions expressed very good with a percentage of 84.84%. Media Learning Truss Details feasible and can be used in the implementation of learning wooden structure to provide capacity-building in planning truss

KSC-06pd1671

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-26

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Shortly after midnight, the payload canister and convoy negotiate the turn on the Saturn Causeway, heading for Launch Pad 39B. Inside the canister is the payload for Atlantis and mission STS-115, the Port 3/4 truss segment with two large solar arrays. The payload changeout room provides an environmentally clean or "white room" condition in which to receive a payload transferred from a protective payload canister. After the shuttle arrives at the pad, the rotating service structure will close around it and the payload will then be transferred into Atlantis' payload bay. Atlantis' launch window begins Aug. 28. During its 11-day mission to the International Space Station, the STS-115 crew of six astronauts will install the truss, a 17-ton segment of the space station's truss backbone. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

STS-112 crew during TCDT activities with M-113 carrier

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. - The STS-112 crew poses for a photo on the back of the M-113 armored personnel carrier they practiced driving as part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities. From left are Mission Specialist David Wolf, Pilot Pamela Melroy, Mission Specialist Sandra Magnus, Commander Jeffrey Ashby, and Mission Specialists Piers Sellers and Fyodor Yurchikhin, who is with the Russian Space Agency. Mission STS-112 aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 2, between 2 and 6 p.m. EDT. STS-112 is the 15th assembly mission to the International Space Station. Atlantis will be carrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure, the first starboard truss segment. The S1 will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, during the 11-day mission.

LC-39A RSS Rollback before launch of STS-113

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Space Shuttle Endeavour stands ready for launch on mission STS-113. . The Orbiter Access Arm extends from the Fixed Service Structure (FSS) to the crew compartment hatch, through which the STS-113 crew will enter Endeavour. STS-113 is the 16th American assembly flight to the International Space Station. The primary mission is bringing the Expedition 6 crew to the Station and returning the Expedition 5 crew to Earth. The major objective of the mission is delivery of the Port 1 (P1) Integrated Truss Assembly, which will be attached to the port side of the S0 truss. Three spacewalks are planned to install and activate the truss and its associated equipment. Launch of Space Shuttle Endeavour on mission STS-113 is scheduled for Nov. 11 at 12:58 a.m. EST.

KSC-06pd1673

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-26

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - On Launch Pad 39B, the payload canister is moved into position beneath the payload changeout room (PCR) for transfer of its cargo into the PCR. The canister holds the payload for Atlantis and mission STS-115, the Port 3/4 truss segment with two large solar arrays. The payload changeout room provides an environmentally clean or "white room" condition in which to receive a payload transferred from a protective payload canister. After the shuttle arrives at the pad, the rotating service structure will close around it and the payload will then be transferred into Atlantis' payload bay. Atlantis' launch window begins Aug. 28. During its 11-day mission to the International Space Station, the STS-115 crew of six astronauts will install the truss, a 17-ton segment of the space station's truss backbone. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-02pd1293

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-09-10

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- After an early morning rollout, Space Shuttle Atlantis sits on the launch pad. Visible near the tail are the tail service masts that support the fluid, gas and electrical requirements of the orbiter's liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen aft T-0 umbilicals. After being stacked with its solid rocket boosters and external tank, Atlantis began its rollout to Launch Pad 39B at 2:27 a.m. EDT in preparation for launch to the International Space Station. The Shuttle arrived at the Pad and was hard down at 9:38 a.m. Launch is scheduled no earlier than Oct. 2 for mission STS-112, the 15th assembly flight to the International Space Station. Atlantis will carry the S1 Integrated Truss Structure, which will be attached to the central truss segment, the S0 truss, during the mission.

KSC-07pd1420

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-06-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-117 Mission Specialist John "Danny" Olivas signals go for launch as he completes suitup by donning his helmet. The launch of Space Shuttle Atlantis is scheduled for 7:38 p.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39A. The shuttle is delivering a new segment to the starboard side of the International Space Station's backbone, known as the truss. Three spacewalks are planned to install the S3/S4 truss segment, deploy a set of solar arrays and prepare them for operation. STS-117 is the 118th space shuttle flight, the 21st flight to the station, the 28th flight for Atlantis and the first of four flights planned for 2007. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-07pd1422

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-06-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-117 Mission Specialist James Reilly is helped with his helmet as he completes suitup for launch of Space Shuttle Atlantis at 7:38 p.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39A. The shuttle is delivering a new segment to the starboard side of the International Space Station's backbone, known as the truss. Three spacewalks are planned to install the S3/S4 truss segment, deploy a set of solar arrays and prepare them for operation. STS-117 is the 118th space shuttle flight, the 21st flight to the station, the 28th flight for Atlantis and the first of four flights planned for 2007. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Structural design of Kaohsiung Stadium, Taiwan

USGS Publications Warehouse

Watanabe, Hideyuki; Tanno, Yoshiro; Nakai, Masayoshi; Ohshima, Takashi; Suguichi, Akihiro; Lee, William H.; Wang, Jensen

2013-01-01

This paper presents an outline description of the structural design of the main stadium for the World Games held in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, in 2009. Three new design concepts, unseen in previous stadiums, were proposed and realized: “an open stadium”, “an urban park”, and “a spiral continuous form”. Based on the open stadium concept, simple cantilever trusses in the roof structure were arranged in a delicate rhythm, and a so-called oscillating hoop of steel tubes was wound around the top and bottom surfaces of a group of cantilever trusses to form a continuous spiral form. Also, at the same time by clearly grouping the structural elements of the roof structure, the dramatic effect of the urban park was highlighted by unifying the landscape and the spectator seating area to form the stadium facade. This paper specifically reports on the overview of the building, concepts of structural design, structural analysis of the roof, roof design, foundation design, and an outline of the construction.

Design considerations for an astronaut monorail system for large space structures and the structural characterization of its positioning arm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Watson, Judith J.

1992-08-01

An astronaut monorail system (AMS) is presented as a vehicle to transport and position EVA astronauts along large space truss structures. The AMS is proposed specifically as an alternative to the crew and equipment transfer aid for Space Station Freedom. Design considerations for the AMS were discussed and a reference configuration was selected for the study. Equations were developed to characterize the stiffness and frequency behavior of the AMS positioning arm. Experimental data showed that these equations gave a fairly accurate representation of the stiffness and frequency behavior of the arm. A study was presented to show trends for the arm behavior based on varying parameters of the stiffness and frequency equations. An ergonomics study was conducted to provide boundary conditions for tolerable frequency and deflection to be used in developing a design concept for the positioning arm. The feasibility of the AMS positioning arm was examined using equations and working curves developed in this study. It was found that a positioning arm of a length to reach all interior points of the space station truss structure could not be designed to satisfy frequency and deflection constraints. By relaxing the design requirements and the ergonomic boundaries, an arm could be designed which would provide a stable work platform for the EVA astronaut and give him access to over 75 percent of the truss interior.

Development of a machine vision system for automated structural assembly

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sydow, P. Daniel; Cooper, Eric G.

1992-01-01

Research is being conducted at the LaRC to develop a telerobotic assembly system designed to construct large space truss structures. This research program was initiated within the past several years, and a ground-based test-bed was developed to evaluate and expand the state of the art. Test-bed operations currently use predetermined ('taught') points for truss structural assembly. Total dependence on the use of taught points for joint receptacle capture and strut installation is neither robust nor reliable enough for space operations. Therefore, a machine vision sensor guidance system is being developed to locate and guide the robot to a passive target mounted on the truss joint receptacle. The vision system hardware includes a miniature video camera, passive targets mounted on the joint receptacles, target illumination hardware, and an image processing system. Discrimination of the target from background clutter is accomplished through standard digital processing techniques. Once the target is identified, a pose estimation algorithm is invoked to determine the location, in three-dimensional space, of the target relative to the robots end-effector. Preliminary test results of the vision system in the Automated Structural Assembly Laboratory with a range of lighting and background conditions indicate that it is fully capable of successfully identifying joint receptacle targets throughout the required operational range. Controlled optical bench test results indicate that the system can also provide the pose estimation accuracy to define the target position.

KSC-01pp1573

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-08-01

JOHNSON SPACE CENTER, HOUSTON, TEXAS. -- STS-110 INSIGNIA: The STS-110 mission begins the third and final phase of construction for the International Space Station (ISS) by delivering and installing the S0 truss segment that will be carried into orbit in the payload bay of Space Shuttle Atlantis. The Station's robotic arm will remove the S0 segment from the Shuttle's payload bay and place it on top of the United States Laboratory. During several spacewalks, S0 will be mechanically attached to ISS, and then multiple cables will be connected allowing electrical power and communications to flow between S0 and ISS. The STS-110 crew patch is patterned after the cross-section of the S0 truss, and encases the launch of the Shuttle Atlantis and a silhouette of the ISS as it will look following mission completion. The successfully installed S0 segment is highlighted in gold. The S0 truss will serve as the cornerstone for the remaining ISS truss segments, which together will span a distance greater than the length of a football field. This truss holds the Station's massive solar arrays, providing electrical power for the modules of all the International Partners, and enables the ISS to reach its full potential as a world-class research facility. The NASA insignia design for Space Shuttle flights is reserved for use by the astronauts and for other official use as the NASA Administrator may authorize. Public availability has been approved onlly in the form of illustrations by the various news media. When and if there is any change in this policy, which we do not anticipate, it will be publicly announced

Self-Alining, Latching Joint For Folding Structural Elements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bush, H. G.; Wallsom, R. E.

1982-01-01

Structural column elements assembled quickly and easily with aid of new center joint. Joint alines column elements automatically and fastens them together securely. Tapered half columns are stacked like paper cups, unfolded, and connected to other similar elements to form truss structures.

Dynamic load environment of bridge-mounted sign support structures : executive summary report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-09-01

A bridge-mounted welded aluminum sign support : structure suffered a fatigue failure on Interstate : Route 77, just south of Cleveland, OH. The sign : support structure : was a 72 foot : span, bridge-type, : four chord : space truss, : comprised enti...

A Comparison of Structurally Connected and Multiple Spacecraft Interferometers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Surka, Derek M.; Crawley, Edward F.

1996-01-01

Structurally connected and multiple spacecraft interferometers are compared in an attempt to establish the maximum baseline (referred to as the "cross-over baseline") for which it is preferable to operate a single-structure interferometer in space rather than an interferometer composed of numerous, smaller spacecraft. This comparison is made using the total launched mass of each configuration as the comparison metric. A framework of study within which structurally connected and multiple spacecraft interferometers can be compared is presented in block diagram form. This methodology is then applied to twenty-two different combinations of trade space parameters to investigate the effects of different orbits, orientations, truss materials, propellants, attitude control actuators, onboard disturbance sources, and performance requirements on the cross-over baseline. Rotating interferometers and the potential advantages of adding active structural control to the connected truss of the structurally connected interferometer are also examined. The minimum mass design of the structurally connected interferometer that meets all performance-requirements and satisfies all imposed constraints is determined as a function of baseline. This minimum mass design is then compared to the design of the multiple spacecraft interferometer. It is discovered that the design of the minimum mass structurally connected interferometer that meets all performance requirements and constraints in solar orbit is limited by the minimum allowable aspect ratio, areal density, and gage of the struts. In the formulation of the problem used in this study, there is no advantage to adding active structural control to the truss for interferometers in solar orbit. The cross-over baseline for missions of practical duration (ranging from one week to thirty years) in solar orbit is approximately 400 m for non-rotating interferometers and 650 m for rotating interferometers.

Criteria for preservation and adaptive use of historic highway structures.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-01-01

Metal truss bridges are uniquely indigenous products of American engineering and construction technology, and in recent years their historic significance has been increasingly recognized along with that of other early engineering structures. Some tru...

STS-97 crew arrives at KSC for launch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

At the Shuttle Landing Facility, STS-97 Mission Specialist Joseph Tanner (left) is greeted by Center Director Roy Bridges on his arrival at KSC from Johnson Space Center. Tanner and the rest of the crew have returned to KSC for the launch, scheduled for Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST. Mission STS-97is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST.

KSC-00pp1756

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-27

At the Shuttle Landing Facility, STS-97 Mission Specialist Joseph Tanner (left) is greeted by Center Director Roy Bridges on his arrival at KSC from Johnson Space Center. Tanner and the rest of the crew have returned to KSC for the launch, scheduled for Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST. Mission STS-97is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST

KSC-00pp1754

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-27

At the Shuttle Landing Facility, STS-97 Pilot Michael Bloomfield climbs out of the cockpit of a T-38 jet aircraft he flew from Johnson Space Center. He and the rest of the crew have returned to KSC for the launch, scheduled for Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST. Mission STS-97is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST

KSC00pp1629

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- A repair crew begin working on replacing a broken cleat on this track of the crawler-transporter. The crack was noticed as the crawler-transporter was moving Space Shuttle Endeavour to Launch Pad 39B. Rollout was delayed until the cleat could be replaced. The Space Shuttle was hard down on the pad several hours later. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC-00dig065

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

The cracked cleat on the crawler-transporter track that stalled the rollout of Space Shuttle Endeavour lies on the ground near Launch Pad 39B. The cracked cleat forced the reverse of the rollout back outside the pad gate so the cleat could be repaired on flat ground before moving up the incline to the top of the pad. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC-00pp1650

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-07

STS-97 Mission Specialist Marc Garneau (right) answers a question from the media. At left is Mission Specialist Joe Tanner. They and the other crew members are meeting with the media before beginning emergency egress training at Launch Pad 39B. The training is part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities that include a simulated launch countdown. Mission STS-97 is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at 10:05 p.m. EST

KSC00pp1757

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-27

After arriving at the Shuttle Landing Facility, the STS-97 crew gather to address the media. At the microphone, Commander Brent Jett praises the efforts of the KSC workers to get ready for the launch. Behind Jett are Pilot Michael Bloomfield and Mission Specialists Joseph Tanner, Carlos Noriega and Marc Garneau, who is with the Canadian Space Agency. Mission STS-97 is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST

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NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- With the early morning light behind it, Space Shuttle Endeavour appears to fill the opening in the Vehicle Assembly Building as it begins rollout to Launch Pad 39B on the Mobile Launcher Platform (MLP). At the bottom can be seen the crawler-transporter that moves the combined Shuttle and MLP. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

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NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-27

At the Shuttle Landing Facility, STS-97 Mission Specialist Joseph Tanner (left) is greeted by Center Director Roy Bridges on his arrival at KSC from Johnson Space Center. Tanner and the rest of the crew have returned to KSC for the launch, scheduled for Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST. Mission STS-97is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST

KSC-00padig098

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-11-27

After their arrival at the Shuttle Landing Facility, the STS-97 crew gather to address the media. At the microphone, Commander Brent Jett praises the efforts of the KSC workers to get ready for the launch. Behind Jett are Pilot Michael Bloomfield and Mission Specialists Joseph Tanner, Carolos Noriega and Marc Garneau, who is with the Canadian Space Agency. Mission STS-97is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at about 10:06 p.m. EST

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NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- A yellow tag identifies the crawler-transporter cleat that has a crack. The crack was noticed as the crawler-transporter was moving Space Shuttle Endeavour to Launch Pad 39B. Rollout was delayed until the cleat could be replaced. The Space Shuttle was hard down on the pad several hours later. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections

KSC-00pp1635

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-10-31

A new cleat, or shoe, for one of the tracks on the crawler-transporter sits on the ground near the vehicle (in the background). A cracked cleat was noticed on the crawler as it was rolling Space Shuttle Endeavour and the Mobile Launcher Platform out to Launch Pad 39B. The rollout is being suspended while the cleat is replaced. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched Nov. 30 at 10:01 p.m. EST on mission STS-97, the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections